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    OMICS International: Contact Us at

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    The document discusses OMICS International, an open access publisher of academic journals. It provides information on submitting manuscripts to OMICS journals, describes an editor's biography and publications, and covers topics related to fuel sources including fossil fuels, renewable fuels, biodiesel sources, microalgae as a biofuel, and challenges with microalgae cultivation for biofuel production.

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    OMICS International: Contact Us at

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    BASKAR E
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    The document discusses OMICS International, an open access publisher of academic journals. It provides information on submitting manuscripts to OMICS journals, describes an editor's biography and publications, and covers topics related to fuel sources including fossil fuels, renewable fuels, biodiesel sources, microalgae as a biofuel, and challenges with microalgae cultivation for biofuel production.

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    Lam_Man_Kee

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    The document discusses OMICS International, an open access publisher of academic journals. It provides information on submitting manuscripts to OMICS journals, describes an editor's biography and publications, and covers topics related to fuel sources including fossil fuels, renewable fuels, biodiesel sources, microalgae as a biofuel, and challenges with microalgae cultivation for biofuel production.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    22 views19 pages

    OMICS International: Contact Us at

    Uploaded by

    BASKAR E
    The document discusses OMICS International, an open access publisher of academic journals. It provides information on submitting manuscripts to OMICS journals, describes an editor's biography and publications, and covers topics related to fuel sources including fossil fuels, renewable fuels, biodiesel sources, microalgae as a biofuel, and challenges with microalgae cultivation for biofuel production.

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    of 19

    OMICS International

    OMICS International through its Open Access Initiative is committed to make


    genuine and reliable contributions to the scientific community. OMICS International
    signed an agreement with more than 1000 International Societies to make healthcare
    information Open Access.

    Contact us at: [email protected]


    OMICS Journals are welcoming Submissions

    OMICS International welcomes submissions that are original and


    technically so as to serve both the developing world and developed
    countries in the best possible way.
    OMICS Journals are poised in excellence by publishing high quality
    research. OMICS International follows an Editorial Manager® System
    peer review process and boasts of a strong and active editorial board.
    Editors and reviewers are experts in their field and provide
    anonymous, unbiased and detailed reviews of all submissions.
    The journal gives the options of multiple language translations for all
    the articles and all archived articles are available in HTML, XML,
    PDF and audio formats. Also, all the published articles are archived in
    repositories and indexing services like DOAJ, CAS, Google Scholar,
    Scientific Commons, Index Copernicus, EBSCO, HINARI and GALE.

    For more details please visit our website:


    http://omicsonline.org/Submitmanuscript.php
    LAM MAN KEE
    Editor PPT
    Biography

    • Dr. Lam Man Kee is currently working at the


    Department of Chemical Engineering,
    Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia.

    • His research interests include biodiesel and


    bioethanol production technology, microalgae
    cultivation, catalysis and life cycle assessment.
    Recent Publications

    • Lam, M. K. & Lee, K. T. (2014). Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in a


    pilot-scale sequential-baffled column photobioreactor for biomass
    and biodiesel production. Energy Conversion and Management, 88,
    399-410.

    • Lam, M. K. & Lee, K. T. (2012). Microalgae biofuels: A critical


    review of issues, problems and the way forward. Biotechnology
    Advances, 30, 673-690.

    • Lam, M. K., Lee, K. T., & Mohamed, A. R. (2009). Sulfated tin oxide
    as solid superacid catalyst for transesterification of waste cooking
    oil: An optimization study. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental,
    93(1-2), 134-139.
    Fuel: Current environmental and social issues

    Fossil fuel Renewable fuel

    Air pollution

    Food vs fuel

    Water pollution

    High cost

    Green house gas effect

    Deforestation

    Acidification
    Biodiesel sources

    Biodiesel

    Non-Edible Oil
    Edible Oil
    Microalgae as the third generation of biofuel

    Microalgae -One of the oldest living microorganism on Earth


    - More than 30,000 species
    - Freshwater & Marine
    - Main constituents in the microalgae cell:

    Lipids Biodiesel

    Carbohydrate
    Bioethanol
    Advantages of microalgae biofuel

    -Does not compete with food supply

    -Relatively high lipid productivity compared to terrestrial oil plants


    Microalgae -> 54-126 tonne/ha/year
    Palm oil -> 3.62 – 10 tonne/ha/year
    Jatropha -> 0.14 - 4.13 tonne/ha/year

    - High photosynthetic efficiency -> Able to utilize CO2 efficiently

    - High growth rate -> 100 times faster than land based plant
    Cultivation of microalgae biofuel

    Light Water

    Nutrients

    Carbon
    An ideal microalgae biofuel production flow

    Sunlight

    Free and abundantly CO2


    available mitigation

    Wastewater CO2
    as CO2
    nutrient source
    CO2
    CO2

    Alternative carbon Biofuel


    source production

    CO2 from flue gases


    Biodiesel production from microalgae lipid

    Transesterification

    Crude microalgae lipid Microalgae biodiesel


    Sequential Baffled Photobioreactor (SBP)

    100 liter cultivation – Pilot scale

    10 cm

    30 cm

    170 cm

    140 cm

    The flow of bubbles


    in the baffled
    system

    CO2

    Drainage

    Sparger

    CO2
    SBP: Microalgae cultivation under indoor and outdoor environment

    Indoor Outdoor
    Problems with microalgae cultivation for biofuel production

    Availability of nutrients source: Nitrogen & Phosphorus


    • Chemical nutrients – high cost
    not environmentally friendly
    • Wastewater – inconsistent nutrients concentration
    serious contamination

    Availability of carbon source: CO2


    • Atmospheric air – low concentration, 0.03 %
    • Flue gas – toxic compounds: CO, NOx, SOx
    high temperature: 65oC-450oC
    Problems with microalgae cultivation for biofuel production

    • Life cycle energy balance – not well understood

    • Economic potential - not well understood

    • Feasibility of outdoor cultivation


    Related Journals

    Chemical Sciences Journal

    Chemical Engineering & Process Technology


    Signature:
    OMICS International Open Access
    Membership

    OMICS International’s Open Access Membership


    enables academic and research institutions, funders and
    corporations to actively encourage open access in
    scholarly communication and the dissemination of
    research published by their authors.
    For more details and benefits, click on the link below:
    http://omicsonline.org/membership.php

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