Syllabus For Bachelor of Science (Biotechnology, Chemistry, Botany) Academic Year (2012)
Syllabus For Bachelor of Science (Biotechnology, Chemistry, Botany) Academic Year (2012)
Syllabus For Bachelor of Science (Biotechnology, Chemistry, Botany) Academic Year (2012)
LIFE-SCIENCES
Syllabus for
Bachelor of Science (Biotechnology,
Chemistry, Botany)
Academic Year (2012)
Assesment Pattern
Course Marks
20+20+10 + 50 %
Practical
MSE +Performance+Record + ESE
Course Marks
20+20+10 + 50 %
Practical
MSE +Performance+Record + ESE
Mission Statement:
The department of Biotechnology is a platform for the overall development
of the students to gain knowledge and to develop technical skills to bloom
in academics and research to serve the mankind without disturbing the
equilibrium of the environment.
Introduction to Program:
The Bachelor of Science programme with Biotechnology, Chemistry, and
Zoology/Botany as the combinations at Christ University aim at developing
young talent for the biotechnology industry and build in them other
strengths such that they are able to venture into allied fields too. The
interactive method of teaching at Christ University is to bring about
attitudinal changes to future professionals of the industry. The
infrastructural capabilities of the department can support class strength of
80 students. Equal importance is given both to practical and theoretical
methods of learning. Apart from the syllabus, the University emphasizes on
Value Addition Programs like Current Affairs, Holistic Education,
Certificate Courses, soft skill development and entrepreneurship
programmes.
Program Objective:
The aim of this programme is to provide ?a cut above the rest? man-power
to the ever growing demands of the growing Biotechnology industry in the
country and abroad. Subjects like Cytology, Microbiology and Genetic
Engineering make the students equipped to work in laboratories, hospitals
and clinical research. Plant tissue culture and Bioprocess Engineering gives
them employable skills in tissue culture units and in Biotech industries
engaged in manufacture of drugs and vaccines.
The Course is taught for students from different streams, namely, BA,
BSc,,BCom and BBM in the first year and for BA, BSc and BCom in the
second year. The course objectives of one syllabus for all the streams are:
Learning Outcome
The first semester syllabus deals with the self in different situations/
predicaments, leading to self-realization and self-exploration. The pieces
chosen evolve around the self in a conflict situation, the individual as an
escapist, dealing with one's own conscience, role of relationships, and also
take up themes like drug abuse, citizen roles, fighting gender and caste bias
Unit-1 Teaching Hours:10
One Act Play
Hour of Truth - Percival Wilde
Unit-2 Teaching Hours:10
Short Story
Father and Son – Thakazhi Sivasankaran Pillai
The Duel – Maupassant
Ponnuthayi – Bama
2. To identity the diseases caused by the microbes and its control methods.
Common plant diseases: Little leaf disease of tomato or vinca rosea, yellow
mosaic of beans and papaya leaf curl.
Classification of bacteria.
Bacterial cell wall -structure and chemistry- (gram +ve and gram -ve).
and industry.
Unit-5 Teaching Hours:24
Type study of Algae:
Type study of Algae:
3. Singh, Pande and Jain. A text book of botany, Rastogi Publications. (1998)
1. Basu, A.N. Essentials of plant viruses, vectors and plant diseases, New Age
International, New Delhi. (2004).
The students can apply their knowledge of cell biology and genetics to
selected examples of changes or losses in cell function as exemplified in many
diseases. This is very much applicable these days when there is a plethora of
information on cellular mechanisms and their role in causing disease conditions
like Cancer.
Cell as a basic unit of life, Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell, Cell theory, Cell
Organelles: Endplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, Mitochondria,
Chloroplast, Ribosomes, Lysosomes, Peroxisomes, Nucleus (Nuclear
envelope with nuclear pore complex, nucleolus, nucleoplasm,
Types of cell division (mitosis & meiosis); details of cell cycle, cancer,
programmed cell death, Karyotype in man, A General account of structural
and numerical aberrations. Inherited disorders - allosomal (Klinefelter
syndrome and Turner’s syndrome), Autosomal (Down syndrome and Cri-
Du-Chat syndrome) Chromosomal evolution of wheat.
UNIT 5 Teaching Hours:5
Mendelism and Cytoplasmic Inheritance
Evaluation Pattern
CHE131 - CHEMISTRY - I BASIC CHEMISTRY (2012
Batch)
No of Lecture
Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:100 Credits:3
Course Objectives/Course Description
Learning Outcome
Protic and aprotic solvents, aqueous and non aqueous solvents, liquid
ammonia as an example of non-aqueous solvent.
Alkanes
Alkenes
[1]. B.R Puri., L.R Sharma and K. C Kalia. 31st edition Advanced Inorganic
Chemistry. Delhi: Shoban Lal Nagin Chand and Sons, 2011.
[3]. Finar I. L. A Text Book of Organic Chemistry Vol I&II. 6th ed. LBS &
Longman group Ltd. Reprinted in 1996.
Essential Reading / Recommended Reading
[2]. Daniels F and Alberty F.A. Physical Chemistry. 4th ed. Wiley, 1992.
Although there is no one theme around which the texts have been
many “Indias of the mind”. Writers from South Africa, Chile, Canada,
America, England and Sri Lanka make up the oeuvre of this selection of
texts. These have been consciously picked to help students realize the
needs that these texts talk about within our immediate context: regional,
generation.
nutshell we aim to bring out a text that will empower the holistic
exercises which are likely to help them in their careers, for example,
designing resume and writing cover letter / email correspondence.
This syllabus is meant to cater to all the four streams- B.A., B.Sc.,
B.Com and B.B.M., therefore the selection of texts and grammar, has
done keeping in mind the needs of all the streams. For instance students
relevance.
provided with two supplementary text books for the two years. In the
interviews, citing sources, etc. In addition to this, two poems and two
stories will also be included (since it was felt that the syllabus in
These two books are meant to cater to students from all streams,
4. Objectives:
Learning Outcome:
Unit I: Poetry
1. You,me,we
1. What a day!
1. La chasse au lapin
2. L'avare
Evaluation Pattern
AEN231 - ADDITIONAL ENGLISH (2012 Batch)
No of Lecture
Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100 Credits:4
Course Objectives/Course Description
The Course is taught for students from different streams, namely, BA,
BSc,,BCom and BBM in the first year and for BA, BSc and BCom in the
second year. The course objectives of one syllabus for all the streams are:
Learning Outcome
The second semester Additional English syllabus places the self in a
context; the context of a society or the nation ; hence the syllabus takes
into account our social, economic and emotional issues, forces us to have
a perceptive outlook on relationships, has some humorous pieces about
Indian English proficiency and also has a thought-provoking essay on
India's educational system. Some of the stories talk about the turbulent
times in India and the individual's role and responsibility during such
traumatic situations.
Unit-1 Teaching Hours:15
Novella
Train to Pakistan – Khushwant Singh
Unit-2 Teaching Hours:7
Short Story
Another Community – R K Narayan
Father: Prafulla Roy (Translation from Bengali by John W Hood)
3. To understand the common plant pathogens and its etiology and control
methods.
Learning Outcome
Students will be able to understand and appreciate the diversity exjstjng
among the plants. They will be trained to identify the different species of
Fungi and bryophytes.
Unit-1 Teaching Hours:5
Fungi
A general charecters of fungi. Classification of fungi – Alexopaulos.
and lifecycle.
and lifecycle.
and lifecycle.
and lifecycle.
Unit-3 Teaching Hours:10
Plant Pathology
Plant pathology: History of plant pathology.
Text books
Delhi.
Jodhpur2005.
9. Basu A.N. Essentials of Plant Viruses, vectors and plant diseases, New Age
UNIT 3 Teaching Hours:10
Physiology and biochemistry of microbes
(i) Ionic Bond – Types of ionic solids, radius ratio effect and coordination
number, limitations of radius ratio, lattice defects, lattice energy and Born-
Haber cycle, solvation energy and solubility of ionic solids, polarizing
power and polarizability, Fajan's rules.
(ii) Covalent Bond : Valence bond theory and its limitations, directional
characteristics of covalent bond, various types of hybridization and shapes
of simple inorganic molecules and ions such as NH3, H3O+, SF4, ClF3
N/P ratio, curves, stability belts. Nuclear binding energy. Mass defect,
simple calculations involving mass defect and B.E per nucleon, half-life,
radioactive equilibrium, radioactive series, magic numbers - liquid drop
model - shell model. Artificial radioactivity - Induced radioactivity, Nuclear
fission - nuclear energy - nuclear reactors - breeder reactor - nuclear fusion -
thermonuclear reactions - energy source of the sun and stars.
[2].B.R Puri., L.R Sharma and Pathania. 46th edition Principles of Physical
Chemistry. Vishal Publishing Company, 2012.
[7]. Arnikar H.J. Essentials of Nuclear Chemistry. 2nd ed.John Wiley and
Sons, 1987.
Essential Reading / Recommended Reading
Evaluation Pattern
ENG231 - ENGLISH (2012 Batch)
No of Lecture
Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100 Credits:3
Course Objectives/Course Description
Objectives:
Knowledge level:
Learning Outcome
Learning outcome:
Mindscapes 1
Essential Reading / Recommended Reading
Evaluation Pattern
FRN231 - FRENCH (2012 Batch)
Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60 No of Lecture Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:100 Credits:3
Course Objectives/Course Description
A propos A1 is meant for adolescents and adults and aims at the acquisition
of the competencies required in the learning of a foreign language (as per
the Common European Framework).
Learning Outcome
With its documents and numerous activities which focus on the skills -
reading, writing, speaking and communicating, A Propos 1 is an excellent
method for those wanting to prepare for the European DELF A1 exams.
2.Elsewhere
Unit-2 Teaching Hours:15
1. At work
2. Living together
Unit-3 Teaching Hours:30
One Act Plays
1. Le médecin malgré lui
2. L’étoffe merveilleuse
3. Le Picard et le Gascon
Text Books And Reference Books:
The visual text, the Tamil Feature film, 'Aadugalam' is a perfect example for
the blend of technology and art. The 'open text' offers enough scope for
various socio-cultural interpretations by the students
Unit-4 Teaching Hours:10
Grammar,Translation and Literary
Practices
This unit takes care of the language skills that an undergraduate student is
expected to possess. This is done through quiz, newspaper readings, role
play and reviewing programmes from television and internet
Text Books And Reference Books:
This paper aims to provide students with an indepth understanding of the basic
concepts of molecular biology. The structural and functional aspects of basic
biomolecules such as DNA, RNA and protein and the mechanisms of DNA
replication, transcription, translation and gene regulation will be dealt with. The
course facilitates the students to have a strong understanding of the molecular
basis of life and the underlying genetic principles.
Learning Outcome
The main outcome of this paper is that the student will have the basic in depth
knowledge about the macromolecules that store, transmit and execute the
genetic information in a living system and the molecular mechanism of the
information low in the living system. This theoretical knowledge on molecular
biology will help the students to learn basics of the genetic engineering and
rDNA technology work which makes the basis of modern biotechnological
research and industry.
2. Lewin B., Genes VIII, New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.
3. Lodish H., Berk A., Matsudaira P., Kaiser C. A., Krieger M., Scott M.
P., Zipursky L., and Darnell J., Molecular Cell Biology, 6th edition,
W.H. Freeman & Company, 2007.
4. Turner P., Mclennan A., White R. H., and Bates. A. D.,Instant Notes in
Molecular Biology, 3rd edition, Taylor & Francis Books India Pvt Ltd,
2005.
5. Karp G., Cell & Molecular Biology, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons
Inc, 2002
Paul A. Text book of Cell and Molecular Biology, 2nd edition, Kolkata: Books and
Allied Pvt Ltd, 2
Evaluation Pattern
CHE331 - CHEMISTRY - III ANALYTICAL AND
INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY (2011 Batch)
No of Lecture
Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:100 Credits:3
Course Objectives/Course Description
This course deals with the additional concepts of Inorganic and Physical
Chemistry and lays the foundation for more advanced topics in the subsequent
courses. It emphasizes on the judicious use of energy resources.
Learning Outcome
Students gain insight into the rates of reactions and factors that affect it; coordinate
bonding and powder metallurgy
Unit-1 Teaching Hours:3
Petroleum and Petrochemicals
Origin of petroleum, composition, Octane number, Cetane number, petrol, diesel,
kerosene, naphtha, lubricants, LPG (mention only), synthetic petrol, fuel additives-
petrochemicals
Unit-2 Teaching Hours:3
Soaps and Detergents
Comparison of soaps and detergents, synthesis of detergents starting from
benzene, mechanism of action of soaps and detergents. Detergents
formulations, laundry detergent formulations, all purpose cleaning products,
special purpose cleaners.
Unit-3 Teaching Hours:2
Organic Dyes
Relation between colour and structure, modern views, synthesis of
malachite green, congo red and methyl orange. Structure and synthesis of
indigo and alizarin. Chemistry of dyeing.
Unit-4 Teaching Hours:5
Polymers
Polymers
vii) Paints and varnishes: constituents of oil and emulsion paints and their
role, constituents of varnishes.
5. Bassett J., G.H. Jeffery and J.Mendham, and R.C. Denny, Vogel’s text
book of qualitative chemical analysis, 5th ed., Longman Scientific and
Technical, 1999.
Evaluation Pattern
BTY431 - GENETIC ENGINEERING (2011 Batch)
No of Lecture
Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:100 Credits:3
Course Objectives/Course Description
The aim of this paper is to provide an introduction to recombinant DNA
technology. It helps the students to understand how the principles of
molecular biology have been used to develop techniques in recombinant
DNA technology. The objective of the course is to familiarize the student
with the basic concepts in genetic engineering - enzymes, cloning vehicles,
gene libraries, analysis and expression of the cloned gene in host cell and
understand ethical issues and biosafety regulations. It gives emphasis to
practical applications of genetic engineering tools in the field of health care.
Learning Outcome
7. Watson J. D., Baker T. A, Bell S. P., Gann A. N., Levine M and Losick
R., Molecular biology of the gene, 5th edition, Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory Press, 2003.
Evaluation Pattern
CHE431 - CHEMISTRY - IV ORGANIC AND
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY (2011 Batch)
No of Lecture
Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:100 Credits:3
Course Objectives/Course Description
This course deals with the additional concepts of Organic and Physical
Chemistry and lays the foundation for more advanced topics in the subsequent
courses.
Learning Outcome
Students gain insight into the rates of reactions and factors that affect it;
Unit-1 Teaching Hours:8
Arenes and Aromaticity
Relative reactivities of alkyl halides versus allyl, vinyl and aryl halides.
SN1 and SN2 mechanisms. Elimination reactions – E1 and E2 mechanisms,
Saytzeff elimination. Side chain chlorination of toluene. DDT and BHC.
Nucleophilic aromatic substitution in aryl halides.
Unit-3 Teaching Hours:2
Organometallic Compounds
Organo magnesium compounds: the Grignard reagents-formation, structure
and chemical reactions.
Simple collision theory based on hard sphere model, transition state theory
(equilibrium hypothesis), Expression for the rate constant based on
equilibrium constant and thermodynamic aspects. Fast reactions – Flash
photolysis. Parallel and consecutive reactions – examples. Third order
reactions, Expression for k (derivation not required).
Unit-10 Teaching Hours:8
Liquid mixtures
Completely miscible, partially miscible and immiscible pairs of liquids,
Raoult’s law, Ideal and non ideal solutions. Vapour pressure-composition
and boiling point- composition curves. Principle of fractional distillation.
Fractional distillation of completely miscible pair of mixtures, azeotropic
mixtures, Lever rule.
Arun Bahl And B.S.Bahl A Text Book Of Organic Chemistry, 17th Edition, New
Delhi: S.Chand&Company, 2005
Atkins, P.W., Physical chemistry, 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1992.
Essential Reading / Recommended Reading
Evaluation Pattern
BTY531 - IMMUNOLOGY (2010 Batch)
No of Lecture
Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100 Credits:2
Course Objectives/Course Description
This paper will examine cellular and molecular aspects of the immune system.
Topics include immunogenetics and molecular structure of immunoglobulins, T
cell & B cell development, MHC antigens, modern vaccines, functions and
dysfunctions of the components of the immune system; applications of
immunological technologies in modern scienti ic research and development.
These topics will help the students to absorb most of the fundamentals in
immunology and this can bene it in understanding the advanced topics in this
area.
Learning Outcome
Students understand the various immune cells, molecules and pathways
involved in induction and regulation of innate and adaptive response. Students
learn immune techniques involved in detection and quanti ication of antigens
and antibodies. They are equipped to integrate the information on role of
immune system in hypersensitive reactions and apply this knowledge to
develop vaccines and new therapeutics.
Unit-1 Teaching Hours:6
Immune System
History of Immunology, Innate Immune response and its role in protection,
physiological barriers, mechanical barriers, chemical barriers. Adaptive Immune
response – naturally acquired and arti icially acquired immune response,
humoral and cellular component of the Immune response
Unit-2 Teaching Hours:5
Cells and organs of immune system
Role of different blood cells in immune system, primary lymphoid organs-
thymus, nude mice, bone marrow, secondary lymphoid organs- spleen, lymph
node, MALT.
Unit-3 Teaching Hours:5
B-cell and T-cell development
Activation of B cells and T cells-maturation, proliferation and differentiation,
clonal selection, B-cell receptors, T Cell receptor, αβ T cells, γδ T cells, TCR-CD
complex, Structure of TCR and its interaction with MHC-I and MHC-II peptide
Complex - T cell selection, Autoimmunity.
Unit-4 Teaching Hours:3
Antigens
Antigenicity and Immunogenicity, epitopes of B Cells and T Cells, Haptens.
Unit-5 Teaching Hours:4
Antibodies
Elucidation of antibody structure, variable regions, constant regions, Heavy
chains light regions, classi ication of antibodies (IgA, IgG, IgM, IgDIgE).
Functions of different antibodies, generation of antibody diversity, Monoclonal
antibodies-hybridoma technology
Unit-6 Teaching Hours:6
Antigen-antibody interaction
Af inity and avidity, precipitation reactions- radial immunodiffusion, double
immunodiffusion, Agglutination- heamagglutination, agglutination inhibition,
rocket electrophoresis, radioimmunoassay, ELISA- indirect, sandwich,
competitive ELISA , immuno luoroscent techniques
Unit-7 Teaching Hours:3
Major histocompatibily complex
MHC molecules and organization of their genes, Structure and function of MHC
types. Antigen processing, role of MHC in antigen presentation
Unit-8 Teaching Hours:4
Complement system
History and De inition of complement proteins, functions of complement
system, Classical pathway, Alternate pathway, Mannan binding lectin pathway
Unit-9 Teaching Hours:4
Hypersensitivity reactions
De inition o hypersensitivity reactions,Coomb’s classi ication of HS reactions-
Immediate reactions-Type I, II, III.Delayed HS reactions-type IV.
Unit-10 Teaching Hours:5
Vaccines and Immunization:
Passive and Active immunization. Types of Vaccines-Live, attenuated vaccines
,Inactivated vaccines ,Subunit vaccines, Toxoid vaccines, Conjugate vaccinesDNA
vaccines, Recombinant vector vaccines
Text Books And Reference Books:
Evaluation Pattern
BTY532 - ANIMAL CELL CULTURE AND PLANT
TISSUE CULTURE (2010 Batch)
Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45 No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100 Credits:2
Course Objectives/Course Description
After an exposure to the basics of cell and molecular biology and the
techniques of gene manipulation, the students should be exposed to methods
for isolating/culturing the animal and plant tissue/cells. This paper emphasizes
on the basic tissue culture techniques and deals with all the basic methods and
variants of both plant animal tissue/cell cultures. A few of the advanced topics
like stem cell technology has been included which describes types of stem cells,
applications and ethics which makes the students have a feel of what’s
happening in this ield, currently.
Learning Outcome
Students learn the importance of animal and plant cell culture for research and
Biotechnology industry. Students connect the use of mammalian cells and plant
cells for industrial production of pharmaceutical and industrially important
products. They also learn the importance of sterilization, media nutrition and
parameters like pH, temperature on the growth of cells. Students learn different
techniques of scaling up the cultures for large scale production of products.
Unit-1 Teaching Hours:1
Introduction
History and scope of animal cell and tissue culture, advantages and
disadvantages of tissue culture
Unit-2 Teaching Hours:3
Stimulating the Natural Conditions
Medium (De ined and unde ined), Growth factors promoting proliferation of
animal cell culture- EGF,FGF,PDGF,TGF,IL, IGF. Substrate, Gas phase
Unit-3 Teaching Hours:3
Establishment of cell line
Primary culture, Disaggregation of tissue (physical, chemical methods),
secondary cell lines, continuous cell lines, characteristics of cell lines,
Maintenance of cell lines, Measurement of cell viability - Evan’s blue method,
Trypan blue method.
Unit-4 Teaching Hours:3
Scaling Up
Anchorage dependent cell lines- Roux bottle, Roller bottle, Multiple array,
anchorage independent cell lines- Stirred bioreactor, airlift bioreactor,
immobilized bioreactor.
Unit-5 Teaching Hours:3
Organ Culture
Plasma Clot, Raft methods, Agargel, Grid method. Tissue engineering:-arti icial
skin, arti icial cartilage
Unit-6 Teaching Hours:3
In vitro fertilization
Introduction in vitro fertilization of farm animals, induction of superovulation,
preparation and collection of oocytes, preparation of spermatozoa, in vitro
fertilization and development, embryo transfer & its advantages.
Unit-7 Teaching Hours:4
Embryonic stem cells
De inition and importance, Properties of stem cell, Embryonic stem cell culture,
stimulation of embryonic stem cells to differentiate, therapeutic adult stem cells
- source, differentiation, similarities between adult and embryonic stem cells,
applications, concept of cord blood banking, Bioethics.
Unit-8 Teaching Hours:1
Introduction
Totipotency of Plant cells, history of plant tissue culture
Unit-9 Teaching Hours:3
In vitro culture conditions
Nutrient media- major and minor nutrients, their role, Growth regulators
(Auxin, cytokinins,and gibberellins), aseptic techniques- sterilization &
disinfection, Sterilization of media, Air sterilization, Explant preparation.
Unit-10 Teaching Hours:4
Suspension culture
Isolation of single cell from orrgans (mechanical method, enzymatic method),
subculturing of suspension cultures, types of suspension culture, culture
medium for cell suspensions, synchronisation of Suspension Cultures, viability
of cultured cells (reduction of Tetrazolium salts, FluoresenceDiacetate method,
Evan’s Blue Method).
Unit-11 Teaching Hours:1
Single Cell Cultures
Techniques; Filter paper raft nurse technique, Bergmann technique,
Microchamber technique, applications.
Unit-12 Teaching Hours:2
In vitro fertilization
Type of Explant, Culture of Ovary and ovule, Factors affecting in vitro
pollination, applications of in vitro fertilization.
Unit-13 Teaching Hours:4
Organ culture
Anther culture- technique of androgenesis, factors in luencing anther culture,
haploids from isolated microspore, application of haploids in plant breeding.
Embryo Culture- types, nutritional requirements, applications. Endosperm
culture -triploid production- source material, nutrient media, Organogenesis,
applications in plant improvement.
Unit-14 Teaching Hours:2
Clonal Propagation of elite species
Micro propagation, explants for microprpagation, advantages of
micropropagation, stages, and limitations.
Unit-15 Teaching Hours:2
Somaclonal variation
Source material, culture conditions, molecular basis, isolation of variants,
application in plant breeding.
Unit-16 Teaching Hours:2
Disease Free Plants
Methods of virus elimination; Meristem tip culture, Thermotherapy, cryotherapy
and chemotherapy and meristem tip thermotherapy combo method, Otherin
vitro methods. Virus indexing- Sap Transmission Test, Serology
Unit-17 Teaching Hours:2
Somatic Embryogenesis
Somatic embryogenesis -selection of explants, embryo maturation and plantlet
development, practical applications, Arti icial seeds- preparation, applications
and arti icial seeds.
Unit-18 Teaching Hours:2
Protoplast culture
Isolation of protoplast- mechanical and enzymatic methods, viability of
protoplast, culture of protoplasts, regeneration, applications.
Text Books And Reference Books:
1. Butler. M. Animal Cell Culture And Technology, 2ndedn,, UK: Taylor &
Francis , 2004.
2. Freshney. I, .Culture Of Animal Cells. New York .John Wiley and Sons.
2006.
Learning Outcome
Study of topics like electrochemistry, spectroscopy etc. give a chance to have an analytical thinking and
an urge to develop more environmental friendly energy cells like fuel cells solar cells etc. it provides a
chance to think of improving the efficiency of these kind of cells and thus shows an environmental
concern towards the planet earth which we have to substance for posterity.
Equilibrium constant and free energy. Ionic equilibria, common ion effect,
hydrolysis of salts. Relationship between Kh, Kw , Ka and Kb . Effect of
temperature and concentration on degree of hydrolysis. Evaluation of pH of
the solutions. Solubility product and its applications. Buffer solution and
mechanism of buffer action.
Unit-2 Teaching Hours:2
Adsorption
Evaluation Pattern
BTY631 - BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING AND
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY (2010 Batch)
Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45 No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100 Credits:2
Course Objectives/Course Description
This paper covers important topics in the development, production, recovery,
and analysis of products produced by biotechnology. The course traces the path
of a biological product from the cell through the production facility, the inal
processing, and formulation. It discusses the growth characteristics of the
organisms used to produce biological compounds, the techniques used in
product recovery and puri ication analysis. The course emphasizes the use of
Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) in these analyses. The environmental
biotechnology portions includes the serious environmental issues of the society
and discusses the solutions to these problems using biotechnology
Learning Outcome
Students learn and understand cell growth, goals of fermentation and relate it
to a real-life example. Different types of bioreactor, auxiliary equipment and
applications are understood. Students understand how parameters such as pH,
temperature, aeration, and agitation that affects the fermentation. Students
learn the industrial production of certain metabolites and their recovery.
Students learn and assess biological methods for pollution control, energy and
resource recovery from waste, bioremediation and how they can contribute to
clean technology, Biological processes to remove or recover inorganic and
organic pollutants from liquid and gaseous ef luents, and from solid waste,
Biological processes for energy and biomass production from waste.
Unit-1 Teaching Hours:1
Introduction to Concepts of Bio process Engineering
De inition of a Bioprocess. An over view of bioprocesses with their various
components. Bioprocess operation & their global impact
Unit-2 Teaching Hours:3
Bioreactors: Construction, Design & Operation
Components of the fermenters & their speci ications, types of fermentors-
conventional stirred tank reactors, types of impellers, aeration, temperature
regulation, pH monitoring, antifoaming agents, airlift fermentors, bubble up
fermentors, luidized bed fermentors, packed bed fermentors, tower reactors,
drum reactors, photobioreactors
Unit-3 Teaching Hours:3
Strain improvement and Media
Need for strain development, Isolation of microbes (isolation from unusual
habitats, mutant selection (antibiotic resistance, anti-metabolite selection, and
auxotrophic selection), Genetic recombination methods in strain improvement.
Media for large-scale processes & their optimization: types of media, synthetic
and crude substrates, Constituents of media, Design of media, costing of media.
Unit-4 Teaching Hours:3
Air & Media sterilization
Air Sterilization priciples, Mechanisms of capture of particles in Air, Depth
& Screen Filters,Sizing, Testing & Vallidation of Filters for Air
Sterilization. Principle of Media Steriliztion, Batch & Continuous
sterilization techniques.
Unit-5 Teaching Hours:3
Types of fermentations and the process of
fermentation
Solid substrate fermentation, submerged fermentation- batch fermentation, fed-
batch fermentation, semi-continuous fermentation, continuous fermentation,
microbial growth in relation to substrate in all the above types. Fermentation
based on type of product formation- type I, II, III. Fermentation process-
inoculum preservation, inoculum build up, pre-fermentation, product
fermentation, recovery.
Unit-6 Teaching Hours:4
Product Recovery & Down Stream Processing in
Fermentation & Bioprocess Technology
Solid-liquid separation (Flocculation, Filtration, Centrifugation), Cell disruption
(Physcal, chemical and enzymatic), Extraction, Precipitation, Distillation,
Evaporation, Chromatographic separation, Adsorption, Concentration,
formulation- Lyophilization, spray drying
Unit-7 Teaching Hours:3
Enzyme Technology
Types of enzyme immobilization- Adsorption, Covalent binding, Entrapment,
encapsulation. Properties of immobilized enzymes ( Km, Ks, cycle time half life),
protein engineering, techniques of protein engineering, improvement in
catalytic ef iciency, applications of protein engineering, industrial applications
of enzymes in leather, textile, baking, detergent industries.
Unit-8 Teaching Hours:5
Microbial production of products and quality analysis
Classi ication of metabolic products- Primary, secondary and bioconversion
products. Production of alcoholic beverage (Beer), amino acid (glutamic acid),
antibiotic (penicillin) single cell protein, single cell oil. Quality Control, Quality
assurance, Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) & Good Manufacturing
Practices (GMP)
Unit-9 Teaching Hours:5
Alternate sources of fuels
Conventional fuels and their environmental impact, Modern fuels– Advantages
over conventional fuels. Methanogenic bacteria, Biogas, Microbial hydrogen
Production, gasohol, biodiesel
Unit-10 Teaching Hours:5
Bioremediation
Bioremediation of soil & water contaminated with oil spills, heavy metals and
detergents. Degradation of lignin and cellulose using
microbes.Phytoremediation.degradation of pesticides and other toxic chemicals
by micro-organisms, degradation of aromatic, chlorinated hydrocarbons and
petroleum products.
Unit-11 Teaching Hours:2
Waste Water Treatment
Treatment of municipal waste and Industrial ef luents using microbes.
Unit-12 Teaching Hours:5
Integration of genetic engineering & applied
microbiologyin Agriculture
Uses of genetically engineered microbes in Agriculture- biofertilizers
(rhizobium, mycorrhiza), nif gene cloning, biopesticides BT gene (cry gene)
technology
Unit-13 Teaching Hours:3
Bioleaching
Enrichment of ores by microorganisms (Gold, copper, and Uranium)
Text Books And Reference Books:
1. Sathyanarayana. U, Biotechnology. Books and Allied (P) Ltd,
Kolkota: 2008.
Evaluation Pattern
BTY652 - INTERNAL PROJECT (2010 Batch)
Total Teaching Hours for Semester:30 No of Lecture Hours/Week:2
Max Marks:50 Credits:1
Course Objectives/Course Description
With the guidance from the faculties, the students are given freedom to design
and perform a project work of their choice pertaining to the different ields in
Biotechnology. The main intention of this project is to develop research attitude
and aptitude in students so that they can analyze their own interests in different
ields.
Learning Outcome
Project work helps them to make use of different techniques that they have
covered in the previous semesters. This may even help the students to choose
their future courses for their higher studies, based on their interests. It also
helps the students to plan up and execute the research work their own.
Students will get exposure to the process of reviewing the literature and also
the scienti ic writing.
Unit-1 Teaching Hours:30
The assessment of the project work will be done in different levels.