G.R. No.

152550 June 8, 2005

BORJA ESTATE AND/OR THE HEIRS OF MANUEL AND PAULA BORJA and ATTY. MILA
LAUIGAN IN HER CAPACITY AS THE ESTATE ADMINISTRATOR, petitioners,
vs.
SPOUSES ROTILLO BALLAD and ROSITA BALLAD, respondents.

DECISION

TINGA, J.:

In this petition for review1 under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court, petitioners Borja Estate and/or the Heirs
of Manuel and Paula Borja and Atty. Mila Lauigan, in her capacity as the estate administrator (the Borjas)
assail the Resolution2 of the Court of Appeals Thirteenth Division denying their motion for
reconsideration and the D E C I S I O N3 of the same division in CA-G.R. SP No. 60700, the dispositive
portion of which states:

WHEREFORE, foregoing considered, the assailed Resolutions dated April 14, 2000 and May 31, 2000
are hereby AFFIRMED in toto. The present petition is hereby DISMISSED for lack of merit.

SO ORDERED.4

The above ruling of the Court of Appeals affirmed the Resolution5 of the National Labor Relations
Commission (NLRC), the decretal portion of which reads:

WHEREFORE, premises considered, respondents’ Motion for Reduction of Bond is hereby DISMISSED
for lack of merit.

The instant Appeal is hereby DISMISSED for failure to post a cash or surety bond within the
reglementary period.

SO ORDERED.6

The Borjas’s motion for reconsideration of the above-quoted NLRC Resolution was likewise dismissed in
another Resolution.7

As the Borjas’s appeal was not given due course, the Labor Arbiter’s D E C I S I O N8 was in effect
affirmed, the dispositive portion of which states:

WHEREFORE, with all the foregoing considerations, judgment is hereby rendered declaring the Spouses
Rotillo and Rosita Ballad as illegally and unjustly dismissed in a whimsical and capricious manner which
is oppressive to labor and respondents are jointly and severally ordered to reinstate complainants to their
position as overseers without loss of seniority rights with full backwages, allowances and other benefits,
computed as of the promulgation of this decision, as follows:

1. ₱25,245.00 - Backwages, June to October 30, 1999

x2 (₱166 x 365 over 12 x 5 months)

₱50,490.00 Backwages for both complainants

x2

₱30,294.00 - 13th month pay for both complainants

₱230,784.00
5. ₱272,646.00 - Separation pay, in case reinstatement is no longer feasible(₱5049 x 27 years x 2
for both complainants)
6. Money equivalent of 12 cavans of shelled corn per harvest, transportations expenses, allowances
and other benefits being enjoyed as overseers from the time these were withheld from them until actual
payment, to be computed in the pre-execution hearing.

7. Plus one percent interest per month and ten percent attorney’s fees. All other claims are hereby
dismissed.
SO ORDERED.9

The case arose out of the complaint filed by private respondents Spouses Rotillo and Rosita Ballad
(Ballad spouses) against the Borjas for illegal dismissal, non payment of 13th month pay, separation pay,
incentive pay, holiday and premiums pay plus differential pay, and moral and exemplary damages with
the Regional Arbitration Branch No. II of the NLRC in Tuguegarao, Cagayan, on 8 June 1999.10

The Ballad spouses had been employed as overseers of the Borja Estate by its owners, the spouses
Manuel Borja and Paula Borja, since 1972. Their appointment as such was later made in writing per the
certification of appointment issued by Paula Borja.11

The Borja Estate comprises around two hundred (200) hectares of agricultural lands located in the towns
of Iguig, Amulung, Enrile, Solana and Baggao, Cagayan Province. It includes two apartment buildings
consisting of eleven doors for rent, both located at Caritan, Tuguegarao, Cagayan.12

As overseers, the Ballad spouses’ duties included the collection of owner’s share of the harvest from the
tenants and the delivery of such share to the estate administrator, as well as to account for it. They also
collected monthly rentals from the lessees of the apartment and tendered the same to the administrator.
They were tasked to oversee the lands and buildings entrusted to them and were instructed to report any
untoward incident or incidents affecting said properties to the administrator. They were allegedly required
to work all day and night each week including Saturdays, Sundays and holidays.13

For their compensation, the Ballad spouses received a monthly salary of ₱1,000.00 for both of them, or
₱500.00 each. They were provided residential quarters plus food and traveling allowances equivalent to
twelve (12) cavans of shelled corn every crop harvest.14 In the year 1980, said salary was increased to
₱2,500.00 for each of them by Paula Borja when she came from abroad. Until the time before their
dismissal, the Ballad spouses received the same amount.15

The Ballad spouses further alleged that they were appointed as the attorney-in-fact of the owners to
represent the latter in courts and/or government offices in cases affecting the titling of the Borjas’
unregistered lands, and to institute and prosecute recovery of possession thereof, as well as in ejectment
cases.16
They narrated that when the spouses Manuel and Paula Borja went to the United States of America, their
children Lumen, Leonora and Amelia succeeded to the ownership and management of the Borja Estate.
On 16 October 1986, the Ballad spouses claimed that Amelia or Mely, then residing in Rochester, New
York, wrote then administrator Mrs. Lim informing her that the heirs had extended the services of the
Ballad spouses and ordered Mrs. Lim to pay the hospitalization expenses of Rotillo Ballad which accrued
to Ten Thousand Pesos (₱10,000.00). It is also alleged that Mely had instructed Mrs. Lim to cause the
registration of the Ballad spouses as Social Security System (SSS) members so that in case any of the
latter gets sick, SSS will shoulder their medical expenses and not the Borjas.17

On 10 November 1996, according to the Ballad spouses, when Francisco Borja, brother of the late
Manuel Borja, was appointed the new administrator, he issued immediately a memorandum to all the
tenants and lessees of the Borja Estate to transact directly with him and to pay their monthly rentals to
him or to his overseers, the Ballad spouses.18

Upon his appointment, Francisco Borja allegedly promised to give the Ballad spouses their food and
traveling allowances aforestated but not the twelve (12) cavans per harvest which he reduced to two (2)
cavans per harvest. Francisco Borja also stopped giving the Ballad spouses their allowances. For twenty-
seven (27) years that the Ballad spouses were in the employ of the Borjas they were purportedly not paid
holiday pay, overtime pay, incentive leave pay, premiums and restday pay, 13th month pay, aside from
the underpayment of their basic salary.19

In June 1999, the Ballad spouses alleged that Francisco Borja unceremoniously dismissed them and
caused this dismissal to be broadcast over the radio, which caused the former to suffer shock and physical
and mental injuries such as social humiliation, besmirched reputation, wounded feelings, moral anxiety,
health deterioration and sleepless nights.20

Thus, the filing of a case against petitioners before the Labor Arbiter. The Borjas interposed the defense
that respondents had no cause of action against them because the latter were not their employees. The
Borjas insisted that the Ballad spouses were allowed to reside within the premises of the Borja Estate only
as a gesture of gratitude for Rosita Ballad’s assistance in the registration of a parcel of land; and that they
were merely utilized to do some errands from time to time. As to the money claims, the Borjas claimed
the defense of prescription.21

As aforestated, the Labor Arbiter ruled that the Ballad spouses had been illegally dismissed, after
concluding that they had been employees of the Borjas.22

Aggrieved by the decision, the Borjas filed their appeal on 26 November 1999 before the NLRC together
with a Motion for Reduction of Bond.23

In a Resolution dated 14 April 2000, the NLRC dismissed the petitioners’ Motion for Reduction of Bond.
Petitioners’ appeal was likewise dismissed in the same Resolution for failure to post a cash or surety bond
within the reglementary period.24 Petitioners’ Motion for Reconsideration was also denied for lack of
merit in another Resolution.25

Petitioners elevated the case to the Court of Appeals by way of a special civil action of certiorari. On 31
October 2001, the Court of Appeals affirmed the Resolutions of the NLRC holding that the filing of a
cash or surety bond is sine qua non to the perfection of appeal from the labor monetary’s award.

The Court of Appeals noted that the Borjas received a copy of the Labor Arbiter’s D E C I S I O N26 on
18 November 1999. They thereafter filed their Notice of Appeal and Appeal on 26 November 1999. On
even date, they also filed a Motion for Reduction of Bond. However, no proof was shown that the Borjas
were able to post the required bond during the same period of time to appeal.27

The Court of Appeals observed that petitioners were able to post a bond only on 17 December 1999 in the
amount of Forty Thousand Pesos (₱40,000.00) when the same should have been done during the same
period of appeal. As this was not done and as no justifiable reason was given for the late filing, the Court
of Appeals ruled that the decision of the Labor Arbiter had become final and executory.28

The Court of Appeals likewise relied on the Labor Arbiter’s finding that the Ballad spouses were
employees of the petitioners.29

Hence, the instant petition.

In this petition, petitioners in essence assert that the Court of Appeals erred in agreeing with the NLRC
that the posting of a cash or surety bond during the period of time to file an appeal is mandatory and the
failure to do so would have the effect of rendering the appealed decision final and executory. Petitioners
further insist that they never hired the Ballad spouses as employees.30

In a Resolution31 dated 24 April 2002, the Court initially resolved to deny the petition for failure of the
petitioners to show any reversible error in the decisions and resolution of the Labor Arbiter, the NLRC
and the Court of Appeals.

However, the Court in a Resolution32 dated 11 November 2002 decided to reinstate the petition after
considering petitioners’ arguments contained in their Motion for Reconsideration,33 in which the Borjas
stressed that the only issue sought to be resolved by their Petition is the correct interpretation of the rule
requiring the posting of a bond for the perfection of an appeal. They implored the Court to contrive a
definitive ruling on the matter which in their estimation has sowed confusion among practitioners as well
as to those exercising quasi-judicial and judicial functions.34

There is no merit in the petition.

The appeal bond is required under Article 223 of the Labor Code which provides:

ART. 223. Appeal. - Decisions, awards or orders of the Labor Arbiter are final and executory unless
appealed to the Commission by any or both parties within ten (10) calendar days from receipt of such
decisions, awards, or orders. . . .

In case of a judgment involving a monetary award, an appeal by the employer may be perfected only
upon the posting of a cash or surety bond issued by a reputable bonding company duly accredited by the
Commission, in the amount equivalent to the monetary award in the judgment appealed from.

....

Rule VI of the New Rules of Procedure of the NLRC implements this Article with its Sections 1, 3, 5, 6
and 7 providing pertinently as follows:

Section. 1. Periods of Appeal.- Decisions, awards, or orders of the Labor Arbiter and the POEA
Administrator shall be final and executory unless appealed to the Commission by any or both parties
within ten (10) calendar days from receipt of such decisions, awards or orders of the Labor Arbiter or of
the Administrator, and in case of a decision of the Regional Director or his duly authorized Hearing
Officer within five (5) calendar days from receipt of such decisions, awards or orders . . .
Section 3. Requisites for Perfection of Appeal.–(a) The appeal shall be filed within the reglementary
period as provided in Sec. 1 of this Rule; shall be under oath with proof of payment of the required appeal
fee and the posting of a cash or surety bond as provided in Sec. 5 of this Rule; shall be accompanied by
memorandum of appeal which shall state the grounds relied upon and the arguments in support thereof;
the relief prayed for; and a statement of the date when the appellant received the appealed decision, order
or award and proof of service on the other party of such appeal.

A mere notice of appeal without complying with the other requisite aforestated shall not stop the running
of the period for perfecting an appeal.

Section 5. Appeal Fee.— The appellant shall pay an appeal fee of One hundred (₱100.00) pesos to the
Regional Arbitration Branch, Regional Office, or to the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration
and the official receipt of such payment shall be attached to the records of the case.

Section 6. Bond.— In case the decision of the Labor Arbiter, the Regional Director or his duly authorized
Hearing Officer involves a monetary award, an appeal by the employer shall be perfected only upon the
posting of a cash or surety bond, which shall be in effect until final disposition of the case, issued by a
reputable bonding company duly accredited by the Commission or the Supreme Court in an amount
equivalent to the monetary award, exclusive of damages and attorney’s fees.

....

The Commission may, in justifiable cases and upon Motion of the Appellant, reduce the amount of the
bond. The filing of the motion to reduce bond shall not stop the running of the period to perfect appeal.

Section 7. No extension of Period.- No motion or request for extension of the period within which to
perfect an appeal shall be allowed.

Thus, it is clear from the foregoing that the appeal from any decision, award or order of the Labor Arbiter
to the NLRC shall be made within ten (10) calendar days from receipt of such decision, award or order,
and must be under oath, with proof of payment of the required appeal fee accompanied by a
memorandum of appeal. In case the decision of the Labor Arbiter involves a monetary award, the appeal
is deemed perfected only upon the posting of a cash or surety bond also within ten (10) calendar days
from receipt of such decision in an amount equivalent to the monetary award.351avvphi1

The intention of the lawmakers to make the bond an indispensable requisite for the perfection of an
appeal by the employer is underscored by the provision that an appeal may be perfected "only upon the
posting of a cash or surety bond." The word "only" makes it perfectly clear that the lawmakers intended
the posting of a cash or surety bond by the employer to be the exclusive means by which an employer’s
appeal may be considered completed.36 The law however does not require its outright payment, but only
the posting of a bond to ensure that the award will be eventually paid should the appeal fail. What
petitioners have to pay is a moderate and reasonable sum for the premium of such bond.37

The word "may", on the other hand refers to the perfection of an appeal as optional on the part of the
defeated party, but not to the posting of an appeal bond, if he desires to appeal.38

Evidently, the posting of a cash or surety bond is mandatory. And the perfection of an appeal in the
manner and within the period prescribed by law is not only mandatory but jurisdictional.39 To extend the
period of the appeal is to delay the case, a circumstance which would give the employer the chance to
wear out the efforts and meager resources of the worker to the point that the latter is constrained to give
up for less than what is due him.40 As ratiocinated in the case of Viron Garments Mftg. v. NLRC:41

The requirement that the employer post a cash or surety bond to perfect its/his appeal is apparently
intended to assure the workers that if they prevail in the case, they will receive the money judgment in
their favor upon the dismissal of the employer’s appeal. It was intended to discourage employers from
using an appeal to delay, or even evade, their obligation to satisfy their employees’ just and lawful
claims.42

In the case at bar, while the petitioners’ Appeal Memorandum and Motion for Reduction of Bond, which
was annexed thereto, were both filed on time,43 the appeal was not perfected by reason of the late filing
and deficiency of the amount of the bond for the monetary award with no explanation offered for such
delay and inadequacy.

As there was no appeal bond filed together with the Appeal Memorandum within the ten (10)-day period
provided by law for the perfection of appeal, it follows that no appeal from the decision of the Labor
Arbiter had been perfected.44 Accordingly, the Decision of the Labor Arbiter became final and executory
upon the expiration of the reglementary period.

While it is true that this Court has relaxed the application of the rules on appeal in labor cases, it has only
done so where the failure to comply with the requirements for perfection of appeal was justified or where
there was substantial compliance with the rules. Hence, the Supreme Court has allowed tardy appeals in
judicious cases, e.g., where the presence of any justifying circumstance recognized by law, such as fraud,
accident, mistake or excusable negligence, properly vested the judge with discretion to approve or admit
an appeal filed out of time; where on equitable grounds, a belated appeal was allowed as the questioned
decision was served directly upon petitioner instead of her counsel of record who at the time was already
dead;45 where the counsel relied on the footnote of the notice of the decision of the labor arbiter that the
aggrieved party may appeal . . . within ten (10) working days; in order to prevent a miscarriage of justice
or unjust enrichment such as where the tardy appeal is from a decision granting separation pay which was
already granted in an earlier final decision; or where there are special circumstances in the case combined
with its legal merits or the amount and the issue involved.46

Here, no justifiable reason was put forth by the petitioners for the non-filing of the required bond, or the
late filing of the defective bond for that matter as in fact the bond they filed late on 17 December 1999 in
the amount of Forty Thousand Pesos (₱40,000.00) was not even equivalent to the reduced amount of
bond they prayed for in their Motion for Reduction of Bond.47 The Court then is not prepared to hold that
the petitioners’ Motion for Reduction of Bond was substantial compliance with the Labor Code for failure
to demonstrate willingness to abide by their prayer in said Motion.

In addition, no exceptional circumstances obtain in the case at bar which would warrant the relaxation of
the bond requirement as a condition for perfecting the appeal.

It bears stressing that the bond is sine qua non to the perfection of appeal from the labor arbiter’s
monetary award. The requirements for perfecting an appeal must be strictly followed as they are
considered indispensable interdictions against needless delays and for orderly discharge of judicial
business. The failure of the petitioners to comply with the requirements for perfection of appeal had the
effect of rendering the decision of the labor arbiter final and executory and placing it beyond the power of
the NLRC to review or reverse it.1avvphi1 As a losing party has the right to file an appeal within the
prescribed period, so also the winning party has the correlative right to enjoy the finality of the resolution
of his/her case.48
WHEREFORE, in view of the foregoing considerations, the petition is DENIED for lack of merit. Costs
against petitioners.

SO ORDERED.