Compiler Design - Overview

Compiler
Design Overview
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/compiler_design/compiler_design_overview.htm
Copyright © tutorialspoint.com
Computers are a balanced mix of software and hardware. Hardware is just a piece of mechanical device and its
functions are being controlled by a compatible software. Hardware understands instructions in the form of
electronic charge, which is the counterpart of binary language in software programming. Binary language has
only two alphabets, 0 and 1. To instruct, the hardware codes must be written in binary format, which is simply a
series of 1s and 0s. It would be a difficult and cumbersome task for computer programmers to write such codes,
which is why we have compilers to write such codes.
Language Processing System
We have learnt that any computer system is made of hardware and software. The hardware understands a
language, which humans cannot understand. So we write programs in highlevel language, which is easier for us
to understand and remember. These programs are then fed into a series of tools and OS components to get the
desired code that can be used by the machine. This is known as Language Processing System.
The highlevel language is converted into binary language in various phases. A compiler is a program that
converts highlevel language to assembly language. Similarly, an assembler is a program that converts the
assembly language to machinelevel language.
Let us first understand how a program, using C compiler, is executed on a host machine.
User writes a program in C language high − levellanguage .
The C compiler, compiles the program and translates it to assembly program low − levellanguage .
An assembler then translates the assembly program into machine code object .
A linker tool is used to link all the parts of the program together for execution executablemachinecode.
A loader loads all of them into memory and then the program is executed.
Before diving straight into the concepts of compilers, we should understand a few other tools that work closely
with compilers.
Preprocessor
A preprocessor, generally considered as a part of compiler, is a tool that produces input for compilers. It deals
with macroprocessing, augmentation, file inclusion, language extension, etc.
Interpreter
An interpreter, like a compiler, translates highlevel language into lowlevel machine language. The difference
lies in the way they read the source code or input. A compiler reads the whole source code at once, creates
tokens, checks semantics, generates intermediate code, executes the whole program and may involve many
passes. In contrast, an interpreter reads a statement from the input, converts it to an intermediate code, executes
it, then takes the next statement in sequence. If an error occurs, an interpreter stops execution and reports it.
whereas a compiler reads the whole program even if it encounters several errors.
Assembler
An assembler translates assembly language programs into machine code.The output of an assembler is called an
object file, which contains a combination of machine instructions as well as the data required to place these
instructions in memory.
Linker
Linker is a computer program that links and merges various object files together in order to make an executable
file. All these files might have been compiled by separate assemblers. The major task of a linker is to search and
locate referenced module/routines in a program and to determine the memory location where these codes will be
loaded, making the program instruction to have absolute references.
Loader
Loader is a part of operating system and is responsible for loading executable files into memory and execute
them. It calculates the size of a program instructionsanddata and creates memory space for it. It initializes
various registers to initiate execution.
Crosscompiler
A compiler that runs on platform A and is capable of generating executable code for platform B is called a
crosscompiler.
Sourcetosource Compiler
A compiler that takes the source code of one programming language and translates it into the source code of
another programming language is called a sourcetosource compiler.

Compiler Design - Overview

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Compiler Design - Overview

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Compiler Design - Overview

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Compiler

You might also like