Kuiper's List of Rig Veda Substrate Words

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KUIPER'S List (1991),


from: F.B.J. Kuiper, Aryans in the Rigveda, Amsterdam 1991

not edited, without accents,


some additions from older works
PN name of persons, clans, tribes, demons
ON place names, names of rivers, mountains
Kui =Kuiper; Ki = Kuiper 1955 (Kirfel Fs.)
PMW Kuiper, Proto-MundaWords 1948
MT Mother Tongue, Boston
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1. aká 'dice' (nuts of Vibhīdaka tree); 'Würfel' RV


2. áka 'axle', 'Achse'
3. a-kharva 'not (a-) -defective, not humpbacked, dwarfed'
3* akhkhalī-k 'onomat.' Kui, Ki 178, not attested again until MT II 17 :
Nihali akkal-(kåyni) 'to cry out loudly in anguish'
4. a-gada 'not-ill'
5. agastya PN, name of a poet;
6. ajakåva 'name of a poisonous insect/scorpion?'
7. ajåsa PN 'name of a clan/tribe'
8. avī 'finger' (when preparing Soma
9. atasa 'brush, bushes'
10. anitabhå ON 'name of a river' 5.53.9
11. an-ulbaa 'not-lumpy, knotty
12. a-palåśa 'leaf'
13. apūpa 'flat cake'
14. a-manda 'not stupid, lazy'
15. amba etc 'interjection'
16. ambara 'air, space betwenheaven and earth'
17. ambarīa PN
17* ambu 'a water plant'
18. ambha 'a Soma vessel'; "dreadful?'
19. arava 'made from Arau tree (axle of chariot)' or PN?
20. ararinda "?" 1.139.10
21. araru PN 'not friendly', name of a demon
22. arbuda PN, 'name of a demon';
23. armaka 'well?' or 'deserted place, ruin'
24. alåta 'restless??, without hindrance, obstacle??' (epithet of the Maruts)
25. alina PN 'name of a tribe'
26. avata 'well, cistern', cf. later avaa
27. a-śipada 'not- ill of śipada'
28. a-śimida 'not-having [female] Śimida demons'
29. aśvattha 'fig tree, ficus religiosa'
30. aśvatha PN, 'name of a man'
2

31. aatara <probably corrupt passage>


32. ahī-vant 'knee cap', 'Kniescheibe', Skt. a(h)i kernel ?
33. å-kha
ala 'an epithet of Indra'
33* åghåti 'sound of cymbals'
34. å gua 'song of praise, hymn'
35. åi 'lynch pin', 'Achsenzapfen', 'linch-pin'
36. å
a 'egg'
37. åpayå ON, 'name of a river'
38. åra gara "??" (a bee?/Biene)
38* åraa 'a shallow'
39. ål (åkta) 'anointed (with arsenic)'
40. ikvåku PN, 'name of a chieftain'
41. iant PN 'name of a person
42. indu 'drop (of Soma)', 'moon?'
43 iria 'salt pan, depression with salty earth' (used as place for dicing)
44. ilībiśa PN, 'name of a stranger defeated by Indra', (demon)
45. ī kh 'to sway (in a swing)'
46. ukha(chid) 'pan, hip bone(-breaking)'
46* udumbara a tree, ficus glomerata Kui,Ki 183, PMW 25
47. udumbala 'a tree, ficus glomerata'; cf. kambala, śimbala 'reddish'
48. upajihvikå 'a kind of termite'
49. urvaśī 'PN, name of a nymph'
50. urvåruka 'fruit of a pumpkin' (=urvåru)
51. ulapana 'bush, herbs'
11. an-ulbaa 'not- lumpy, in excess'; cf. ulba- 'inner covering (amnion) of the embryo
52. ulūkhala 'mortar' (for grain)
52a. ulūkhalaka 'mortar'
52b. ulka 'fire (in the sky), meteor'
53. ulba 'amnion, skin inside the egg'
an-ulbaa 'faultless'
54. uśīnaråī PN, 'name of a woman, a princess'
55. uihå 'neck bone, vertebra'
56. ū kh 'to smack one's lips?'
57. ūrdara 'store,grainary'; --'measure of holding grain'?
58. ūvadhya 'undigested grass in an animal killed for sacrifice'
58* jīa 'epithet of Indra, Soma, Marut, eagle'
59. bīsa 'oven/pit with coals'; 'volcanic cleft'
60. emua PN, name of a mythical boar',
61. ogaa "?" 'mighty?', 'violent?'
62. oi "arm?"
63. odana 'porridge (or rice?)'
64. opaśa 'head dress, scarf or net';
65. aulana "?"; unclear, 10.98.11
66. kakardu 'a stick, club-like stick'; "making a jarring noise?" "Knarrer,
Holzknüppel?'
66* kakåa 'backside of head' - cf. reu-kakåa 6.28.4!
3

67. ka kata '(obnoxious) insect'


68. kauka 'pungent'; - 'scharf'
69. kaūkaya '?"; "to moan, groan, cry?" 'notleiden', 'crying?'
70. kava PN, name of a poet and his clan
71. katpaya 'swelling terribly?'
72. kapanå 'caterpillar'
73. kapard-in 'having - a braid, tuft'
-kaparda 'braid, tuft'
73* kapi 'monkey'
74. kabandhin 'having - a ton, vessel, headless rump', cf. kavandha 'Tonne"
75. kamadyū PN, 'name of a woman'
76. karañja PN 'name of a demon overcome by Indra', cf. karañja als Baumname
77. karambha 'pap, porridge'
77* karotara Kui, Ki 151
78. karkandhu 'name of a tree, Zizyphus jujuba', also PN in 1.112.6?
79. karkari 'lute' - , partridge
70* karta 'hole, cavity', Kui, Ki 159
80. kalaśa 'mug, baker, pot'
81. kalå 'small part, 1/16'
82. kali 'loosing throw in dicing (one nut in excess)'; -- PN at 1.112.15, 10.39.8; --
'strength??'
83. kalmalīkin 'shining (of stars), twinkling' -- 'shining, bright'
84. kavandha = kabandha 'ton, tubb, trunk' etc.
85. kavaa PN, 'name of a poet'
86. kaśaplaka "??", not clear; 8.33.19
87. kaśå 'whip?' ; "thighs, vulva??"
88. kaśīkå 'fenale ichneumon, weasel?
89. kåkambīra 'name of a tree'
90. kåa 'hole, pit'; - - 'depth, hole'
91. kåa 'blind in one eye'
92. kåuka 'epithet of a pond' + saras
93. kånīta PN 'patronymic of Pthuśravas
94. kåpå "?", "trembling from fear??"
95. kårotara 'sieve, filter'
96. kåśi 'closed hand, fist '
97. kikidīvi 'a kind of jay' (onomatopoetic?) Häher'
98. kimīdin PN 'name of class of a demons'
378. su-ki śuka 'a tree, Butea frondosa', Baum mit roten Blüten
99. kiyåmbu 'a water plant'
100. kila 'indeed, certainly'
101. kilåsa 'spotted' (a skin disease); 'spotted'
102. kilbia 'evil deed, fault, guilt'; 'fault, guilt,sin'
103. kīkaa PN, 'name of a tribe (in Haryana, Kuruketra)';
104. kīkaså 'vertebra, rib bone, breast bone'
105. kīja 'spur '(?); spur?
106. kīnåra 'plough man' (dual),
4

107. kīnåśa 'ploughman'


108. kīri 'weak, poor, humble', different from kīrin 'poet'; only RV; 'weak, poor,
humble'
109. kīrin 'poet'
110. kīlåla-på 'drinking (på) the sweet drink / biestings'
111. kīsta 'prasier, poet' ;
111* kuki Kui, Ki 148
112. kua NP? "vessel?" -- 'house'?
112* kū
'to singe,scorch' Kui, Ki 170, 171
113. kuåru 'lame (in the arm)' 3.30.8 hapax
114. ku
a-påyya 'drinking (påyya) from a vessel,pot, beaker' --
115. ku
åcī 'an unknown animal' "ominous bird, gecko, forst animal??" ;
kunåcī
116. kutsa PN "speaking badly,denigrating?"
117. kupaya "?" - "flickering?" 1.140.3
117* kūbara 'curved rail on the breastwork of a chariot'
118. kubhå FN "name of a river = Kabul R."
118* kumbha Kui, Ki 184
119. kumåra 'boy, son';
120. kurīra ' head dress (of women)'
121. kuru ga PN 'name of a chieftain'
122. kuru-śravaa PN, 'name of a chieftain (of the Kuru tribe) '
122* kula 'family'; mahå-kula 1.161.1, kula-på
123. kulåya 'nest',
124. kuliśa 'axe'
125. kuliśī FN 'name of a river '; ~ kulyå
126. kulpha 'ankle(?) bone, a bone in the foot'
127. kuśika PN, 'name of a clan'
128. kuumbhaka 'poison gland of an insect'
129. kūa 'hammer, mallet'
130. kū
ay- 'to burn, singe scorch'
131. kūla 'decline, bank of a river'
132. kkadåśū PN 'name of a person'
133. kpīa 'brush, bushes', -- 'underwood , copse, thicket' Buschwerk, Gestrüpp'
134. kśana 'pearl'
135 . å-kenipa 'not - guarding nearby' -- nach EWA I 158 from åke-ni-pa 'in der
Nähe behütend zu åka- 'in der Nähe', mit falscher Abtrennung; contra:
Kuiper 1991: 41; Fremdwort mit Präfix å-kenipåsa aśvå neben : 10.44.4
kenipånåm indunå
136. kepi "?" 10.44.6
137. kevaa 'hole, pit' -
138. kevala 'peculiar, separate, alone'; -- 'eigentümlich, ausschliesslich',
139. komya "?" (said of trees) "smooth??" 1.171.3
138* kośa Kui, Ki 149, 150
5

140. kaulitara PN, 'name of father of a demon/enemy, the Dasa Śambara' = "son of
Kulitara?"
141. krivi PN, 'name of a tribe/ chieftain'
142. krī
- 'to play, joke, leap, jump, move exceeingly
143. krumu FN 'name of a river, Kurram River';
144. kumpa 'mushroom?' cf. -kapau
145. kvi kå 'name of an animal, a vulture?', cf. kauma 'Flachs' for k•
146. khaja-kt 'an epithet of Indra' "one who creates battle melee??" ; 'bustle of war'
khajam-kara 1.102.6, TB
33. å-kha
ala "an epithet of Indra"
147. khadira 'a hardwood tree, Acacia catechu'
148. khargala 'owl'; cf. khgala?
3. a-kharva 'mutilated, cripple, humbacked, dwarfed'
149. khala 'threshing floor'
150. khalu particle: 'as you know, as is well known' - 'doch'
151. khådi 'bracelet, ring (of Maruts)'
152. khårī a measure (for fluids, grain)
153. khilya 'unploughed land'
154. khgala ''armor?' - "staff, crutch, amulet, armor, brush??'2.39.4.
155. khela PN 'name of a god or chieftain'
156. ga gå FN 'Ganges'; derivative: gå gya- 'belonging to the Ganges' 6.45.31
157. gaa 'group, following, horde'
4. a-gada 'free from desease' see above : gada
158. gandhåri PN 'name of a tribe' (in N. Pakistan) --
159. gargara 'lute'
160. garta 'seat, throne' -- 'seat of a war chariot'
161. galdå '?' "stream, sounding??" 8.1.20
162. gu gu PN 'nameof a clan or tribe'
162. gu gū PN 'a female deity'
163. gupita 'twisted mess' ---'entangled, tangle'
163* camri 'ladle' ?
164. caåla 'knob on top of an offering pole' < "snout of a boar?"
165. caa 'a big fish' -- cf. jhaa,
166. ciccika 'a bird'
167. cumuri PN 'a demon fought by Indra'
168. cedi PN 'nameof a tribe'
169. chåga 'ram, goat'
170. chubuka 'chin'
170* jaghana 'Schamgegend'
171. jañjaå-bhavat 'flickering, flaming'
172. jahara 'belly, womb' (jathára, jáhara, jáhala)
173. jahara "?"
174. jahala "?"
175. ja
hu "?" - " dumb, greedy??"
176. jatru 'certain parts of cartilage or bones'
177. jabåru '?' 4.5.7
6

178. jaråyu 'shed snake skin, hull, afterbirth' -- 'outer covering (chorion) of the
embryo'
179. jarūtha PN 'name of a demon overcome by Indra'
180. jalåa '?' (of a medicine) -- 'kühlend'
181. jalpi 'unclear speach, mumbling' -- 'to speak, murmur'
182. jahnåvi PN 'name of a women', fromJahnu, name of a noble family
183. jåhua PN 'name of a ptotege of the Aśvin gods'
184. jīmūta 'thunder cloud'
184* jīri Kui, Ki 143
184** takarī in a magical incantation for successful childbirth: AV, TS
185. ta
it 'close by?' > 'lightening" in post-Vedic; --
185* tandrayu 'lazy,slothful', Kui,Ki 176
186. taranta PN 'name of a man'
187. taruka PN 'name of a man' (~ Dåsa Balbūtha)
188. tarya PN 'nameof a man' 5.44.12 (in 'the most difficult hymn of the RV')
189. taskara 'robber, thief'
190. tånva 'bodily'
191. tirindira PN 'name of a demon'
192. tilvila 'fertile, rich'
193. tugra PN 'name of a man'
194. turīpa 'sperma, semen, seed' -- seminal fluid'
195. turphari '?' 10.106.6, 8
196. turva PN 'name of a man'
turvaśa PN 'name of a man and tribe'
197. turvīti PN 'nameof aman'
198. tūråśa 'quick torrent?'
199. tki PN 'name of a chieftain'
200. ttsu PN 'name of a tribe or clan'
200* da
a 'stick', for ara
201. dundubhi 'a (big) drum'
202. du-śīma PN '?'
203. dūrva ''a type of grass, Cynedon (paicum) dactylon'
204. dbhīka PN, 'name of a demon killed by Indra'
205. ma
ura-dhåikī '?', "having a rusty (bloody) vulva??" -- 'mit verrosteter Scham'?;
dhåikå 'vulva' AV
206. dhuni PN 'name of a demon'
207. na
a 'reed' (< IE *nedo?)
208. namī PN 'name of a chieftain', (ally of Indra in fighting Namuci')
209. namuci PN 'name of a demon fought by Indra and the Aśvin'
210. nahu PN 'name of a tribe'
nahua PN 'name of a tribe'
211. nå
ī 'flute, pipe'
212. nicumpua '?'; "swell, pouring out, bubbling??" cf. 182
213. niik 'inner part, hidden?' " kept secret, strong manly ??" 4.5.8
niya ditto
214. nika 'silver or gold necklace'
7

215. nihåkå ''snow storm?' (RV, KS, TS)


216. nīla-pha 'having a dark-blue / black back (pha)
217. nīhåra 'fog'
218. paharvan PN 'name of a man'
219. pa
bīśa 'fetter (of a horse, of Yama)'
220. pai PN 'name of a 'foreign' tribe, of demons opposed to the gods'
221. paraya PN 'name of an enemy killed by Indra'
222. parpharīka '??' 10.106.6
223. parśåna 'precipice, chasm'
224. para 'sheaf (of grain), bundle'
225. palasti PN 'name of a clan'
12. a-palåśa 'leaf, petal', see above
226. palåśa 'leaf, petal'
227. påi 'hand'
228. påtalya 'part of a chariot', "prop of a chariot?"
229. pi gå 'name of a musical instrument' "lute??"
230. pihīnas PN 'name of a person', patronym --Kui: "broad-nosed??"
231. pi
a 'ball, meat ball, rice ball'
232. pipīla 'ant'
233. pippala 'fig, of ficus religiosa, pipal tree' --- 'berry of ficus rel.'
234. pipru PN 'a demon killed by Indra'
235. piśåci PN 'name of a female demon fought by Indra'; piśa ga-bhi, cf. 182
236. pī
'to press out, down'
237. pīyūa 'biestings'
238. pu
arīka 'lotus'
239. puya 'lucky, meritous' -
240. puraya PN '?' 6.63.9
241. puru-kutsa PN 'many-Kutsa' -- cf. pra-skava
242* purua Kui, Ki 146
242. pukara 'lotus flower'
243. puya 'flower'
244. (śaci-)pūjana 'honoring saci (power)'
245. pūru PN 'name of a tribe'
246. pthi PN 'name of a man', cf. 10.93.15 pårthiya 'descendent of Pthi'
pthī PN
247. pdåku 'adder, snake, poisonous snake'
247* petva 'ram'
248. praka kaa 'a venomous worm/reptile'
249. prakala(-vid) ' (knowing) little, ignorant'
250. parpharvī 'young (attractive) unmarried woman' --- 'a wanton woman'
251. pramaganda PN, 'chief of a non-Aryan tribe' --
252. praskava PN, 'name of a poet';
252* plaka 'ficus'
253. plati PN, 'father of Amatya Gaya'
254. plåśi 'some kind of entrails'
255. pha 'to jump, gallop' -- 'to jump'
8

256. pharvara ''?" - - "swelling, cushion in horse collar??"


phåriva "scattering??" 10.106.7
257. phala 'fruit, fruit of a tree' --'Frucht'
258. phaliga 'bolt?'
259. phalgva 4.5.14 -- 'schwaechlich'
260. phåla 'ploughshare'
260* phena Kui, Ki 143
261. bakura 'something with which one blows, which becomes a pipe' -
Musikinstrument, wind instrument, Kui, Ki 155
båkura 'a pipe made of bakura'
262. ba exclamation (of uncertainty), 'forsooth'
ba
å exclamation, cf. Avestan båδa? interjection
263. bata interjection 'oh' 'idiot!'
263* badhira 'deaf' PMW 177
263* badva 'flock, crowd, group', KS PB, cf. phalgva
264. barjaha 'udder?' --
265. bala 'force, might' -- cf. udumbala cf. kambala, śimbala
266. bali 'tribute,tax' -- 'offering'
267. balbaja(-stūka) 'a kind of grass, Eleusine indica'
268. balbūtha PN 'name of a Dåsa, a non-Aryan'
269. bakaya 'grown up (calf) ?' -- 'ausgewachsen?'
270. basta 'ram', -- 'he-goat'
271. basri 'in the morning?' -- 'quic
272. båa 'arrow'
272* bīria 'troop, host'?
273. bila 'cave' -- 'cleft,hollow'
274. bilma 'a tree with edibel fruits, Aegle marmelos', 'slip, chip'
275. bisa(-khå) '(eating) a sprout of a lotus'
276. bīja 'seed, semen'
277. bīria '?' "follwoing, retinue??" 7.39.2
278. bunda 'arrow, or bow' -- 'a certain arrow'
279. busa 'bad weather, fog??'
280. bbad(-uktha) ''?", an epithet of Indra 8.32.10
281. bbu 'PN, 'name of a man, chieftain' 76.45.21
282. bbūka '?' 10.27.33
283. bsaya PN, 'name of a sorcerer/demon'
284. bekanåa PN?, -- 'usurer'?
284* bhan 'to speak' 172, PMW 32
285. bhala an interjection, cf. ba?
286. bhalånås PN, 'name of a tribe'
286* makījå 'net to catch birds"? Kui, Ki 162,
286* su-ma gala Kui, Ki 183
a-dur-ma gala
286* manu mau AV 'fertile land' Kui, Ki 156
287. ma
ūka 7.9.10 'frog'
ma
ūkī 'female frog'
9

288. ma
ūra(-dhåiki) '?' 'rusty, reddish, dirty'
14. a-manda 'not- stupid, lazy' -- 'not weak'
289. mayūra(-roman) 'having hair like a peacock(- feather/"hair")'
mayūrī 'female peacock' --
289* marīci 'beam of light', Kui, Ki 170
290. mala 'dirt, uncleanliness' -- 'dirt, impurity'
291. maaråra PN 'name of a person'
292. mīl 'to close the eyes' ; sam-mīl 'to close the eyes'
293. mukījå ''?' 1.152.2
293* mukha Kui, Ki 148
294. muñja(-nejana) 'a grass, Saccharum munja' mauñja 'related to M.grass'
295. mudgala PN, 'name of a poet' --- 'bud'
mudgalånī 'wife of Mudgala'
295* musala 'pestle' Kui, Ki 151
295* mūla 'root' Kui, Ki 158
296. me
ī 'rustling (of wind, fire, Såman melody'
296* menå Kui, Ki 146, 161
*meẽa RV 10
297. maujavata ON 'belong ing to *Mūja-vant', the name of a mountain in the
Himalayas
298. yaku PN '(nick)name of a tribe' (=Yadu?)
299. yadu PN 'name of a tribe'
yådva 'belonging to Yadu'
300. yayåti PN 'name of an ancient chieftain, offerer'
300* yåduri '?" in conn. with hip, buttock. Kui, Ki 179, 180 'not sufficiently
explained'.
301. yåśu 'semen,discharge of semen?'
302. raji PN, 'name of a demon killed by Indra'
303. rapsud '?' -- RV 8.72.12
304. råkå PN, 'ame of a goddess (of birth?)'; full moon
305. rå
ya '??' -- 6.23.6
306. råspina '??' "sounding??" 1.122.4
råspira "??" 1.43.12
307. ruma PN "name of a protegee of Indra'
308. ruru(-śīran) '(head of) a typ of deer'
309. ruśama PN 'name of a person, clan' (pl.)
(rúśama, ruśáma)
308* reu 'dust' Kui, Ki 159, reu-kakåa, =kkaa
310. ropaåkå 'name of a bird' (connected with jaundice, Gelbsucht)
311. lalåmī ''forehead' -- having a blaze, star (cattle)'
312. lå gala 'plough'
313. libujå 'creeper'
314. va saga 'bull (buffalo)'
315. va gda PN 'name of ademon, enemy of Indra' 316. vaūrin '??' 1.133.2 ( ~
pad )
317. vaij 'merchant?'
10

317* valg 'to jump, boil up' Kui, Ki 172


318. våa 'trading' -- '(instrumental) music ' Kui, Ki 154; 'trade' 168
rather: (pra-)våá 4.24.9 'trade'
319. våī 'music, sound, voice, pl: choir of singers/musicians'.
320. våī 'voice, music'
320* vikaa 'huge, monstrous; Kui, Ki 171
321. vina gsa "??" 9.72.3
322. vipåś FN 'name of a river, Beas': 4.30.1 vipaś-i
323. vibhīdaka 'nut used in dicing, of Terminaria bellarica tree'
324. viśpalå PN, 'name of a mythical being, a mare?'
325. viåpū PN, 'name of a man'
326. vcaya PN, 'name of a young women'
327. veu 'reed, bamboo staff, bamboo'
328. vetasu PN, 'name of a chief and his people'
329. vairia 'a grass, Andropon muricatus'
330. vaila(-sthåna) '"??" -- "gap, cleft; battle field with bodies, hiding place, playing
ground for dicing??"
331. vaiśanta 'forming a tank, water reservoir'
331* vriś Kui, Ki 148
332. śakaī 'wagon, cart'
333. śakuna 'a (larger) bird'
śakuni 'bird'
śakunti 'bird' --cf. Pinnow 23: *kon+tid/ted
333* śa kå 'battle' Kui, Ki 166
334. śa
ika PN 'name of a tribe' ( ~ śå
a, below)
335. śatri PN, 'name of an offerer'
336. śabala 'spotted, variegated' -- cf. udumbala cf. kambala, śimbala;
'spotted' ~śambara, śarvarī, karbura
337. śamba 'stick, staff, (club of Indra)' -- 'club?'
338. śambara cf. śabara AB : Pinnow 154 par.311: austr. *śkawar !
śåmbara PN 'belonging to Śambara'
339. śaryåta PN 'name of a person'
śåryåta PN 'belonging to Śaryåta'
340. śarvarī 'night' 144
341. śalmali 'a tree, Salmalia malabarica'
'Wollbaum, Salmalia malabarica',
342. śå
a PN, 'name of a demon', a patronym
343. śåtapanta "?" 10.106.5
344. śamulya / śåmulī 'dress of a bride'
345. śi śapå 'Dalbergia sisoo'
346. śi śumåra 'Gangetic dolphin'
347. (vara-)śikha ' vara- tuft of hair, string of hair'
347* vi-śikha 'having no tuft of hair' Kui, Ki 154
348. śigru PN pl.: 'name of a tribe'
349. śiñjåra PN
27. a-śipada 'not having - the śipada illness' (śipada, demon?)
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350. śiphå FN 'name of a river'


28.a-śimida PN 'not - a female demon'
202. du-śīma '(bad-) to lie upon??'
351. śimbala 'Salmali tree?'
352. śimbåta "??" -- "well nourished??" 10.106.5
353. śimyu PN 'name of a chieftain'
354. śiriå "??" -- "hiding place, room, night??" -- cf. iria "salty depression, used
for gambling, see above : Vailasthåna
355. śirimbiha PN, 'name of a poet' -- cf. irimbitha
356. śīpåla 'a water plant, Vallisneria spiralis'
357. śīa PN? - 'name of a clan? (v.l. śīra-, śīrstra-)
358. śutudrī FN 'nameof a river, Sutlej'
359. śunå(-sīra) PN 'nameof a genee <of agriculture?> (+ -sīra 'plough')
360. śulka 'price'
361. śuśulūka PN 'name of a demon in form of a bird' -- cf. u-lūka
362* śepa Kui, Ki 148
362. śoa 'red
363. saktu 'groats, rough flour, meal'
364. sagara 'ocean, sea' (or just terminal lake??)
365. sa kå 'battle, fight'
366. saramå PN 'name of the bitch of Indra'
367. sarayu FN 'name of a river', = Hare River of Herat?
368. salalūka '??' - "patience??" 3.30.17 -- cf. - lūka
369. sasa 'field for sowing grains, grains, field procude'
370. sasarparī 'a song, melody, regarded as milch cow" --"war trumpet??" 3.53.15
371. såpya PN, 'name of a person', Patronym of Namī S.
372. sålå(-vka) 'jackal'
373. si ha 'lion'
374. sinīvålī PN 'name of a goddess (of birth)[', a moon phase
375. silika(-madhyama) 'epithet of the sun's horses' --
375* sītå Kui, Ki 156
376. sīrå 'stream(ing)?' -- 156
376* sīrī 'weaver'? Kui, Ki 168
377. sīlamå-vant ''an epithet of (R.) Sindhu"
378. su-ki śuka 'good- flower of a tree', see above
379. sūrmī 'pipe, pillar of ligt/fire'
380. sñjaya PN, 'a name of a person, clan or tribe'; patronym of Sñjaya (a 'bird')
381. sbinda PN, 'name of a demon killed by Indra' 382. stega "??" -- "reed,
'piercing', smoke??" -- 10.31.9
382* sthåu 'trunk of a tree' Kui, Ki 161
383. sthivi "??" 10.68.3; sthivi-mant 10.27.15

add: RV 10.106: meev-ea, jarbharī, maderu, maråyu, kharamajra, kharajru, pharpharat,


and: pharvara, śakuna, va saga, pūarya, śimbata, śåtapanta, saparya(?), purīa, jarbharī,
turpharītu, turpharī, parpharīka, maderu, jaråyu, maråyu(?), kharamajra, kharajru,
parpharant, jahara, saneru, turphari, phåriva, åragara, mana-ga?
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