SYMPTHOMS

English

Lecturer: Desy Natalia, S.Pd., M.Pd

Compiled By :

Setriya Calvinsius 2019.C.11a.1062

Nadia 2019.C.11a.1052

YAYASAN EKA HARAP PALANGKA RAYA

SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU KESEHATAN

PROGRAM STUDI S1 KEPERAWATAN

TAHUN AJARAN 2020/2021

1
 Foreword

I give thanks and thanks to the One True God for his grace and blessing so that I
can finish this paper. There are many difficulties in making this paper, but thanks to its
inclusion I was able to complete this paper in a timely manner

This paper is organized based on the assignments from the learning process that has been
given to us this paper contains about the 'SYMPTHOMS' Theme that will be discussed in
this paper.

In writing this makaalah I feel a lot of shortcomings both on the technical writing
and material, leaving the ability that I have for that criticism and suggestions of all parties
I really hope for the improvement of the making of this paper

On this occasion I do not forget to express a deep thank you Hopefully this paper
this paper can be useful thank you

 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD............................................................................................. i

TABLE OF CONTENTS............................... ii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION................. 1

1.1 Background................. 1

1.2 Limitation of problems .............................. 3

1.3 Problem Formulation ................ 4

1.4 Research objectives................... 4

1.5 Benefits of research ................ 4

1.6 Theoretical benefits................... 4

1.7 Practical benefits................... 4

CHAPTER 2 LIBRARY REVIEW.............................. 5

2.1 Fuzzy Decision Making............................... 5

2.2 Representation of Problems.............................. 5

CHAPTER 3 CLOSING ................... 7

3.1 Conclusion ............................................................. 7

3.2 Advice ................ 7

 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
Every human being has ever experienced
pain. The diseases suffered by each creature are different from each
other. Pain is a condition where the body is not in a normal condition caused by
several factors from inside and outside the body. Based on its characteristics
the disease can be classified into 2, namely infectious diseases and non-
communicable diseases. Infectious diseases get more attention from the
government than non-communicable diseases.
An infectious disease is a disease caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites
that can be transmitted through certain media. Infectious diseases are often also
called infectious diseases because they are suffered through viral, bacterial, or
parasitic infections transmitted through various media such as air, syringes,
blood transfusions, places to eat or drink, and so on (Vatimatunnimah,
2013). Infectious diseases are the result of a combination of various factors that
affect each other. (Widoyono, 2008). According to (Vatimatunnimah, 2013)
non-communicable diseases are diseases that are not caused by germs but
because of physiological or metabolic problems in human body tissues. The
disease becomes one of the
Indonesia is atronomially located between 6° North Latitude to 11° South
Latitude and also between 95° East Longitude to 141° East Longitude. Because
of the astronomical location of Indonesia is an area that has a tropical
climate. This condition causes Indonesia to have two musin, namely rain and
drought. The transition from the dry season to the rainy season or vice versa is
called pancaroba. At this time many people fall ill. Many of them claim that the
cause is the endurance of the person's body decreases because they are not
ready for the turn of the season.
Diseases that occur in the tropics and subtropics that are generally in
the form of infections are often referred to as tropical diseases (Purnama,
2012). Tropical diseases are divided into 4 kinds, namely: infection by bacteria
such as typhoid deman, infections caused by viruses such as DBD, infections
caused by parasites such as malaria, and infectious disease syndromes such as
ISPA (Sudiono, 2003).
The symptoms of each disease are different from each other. However,
there are several kinds of diseases that have almost the same symptoms,
especially early symptoms. Many people consider that the symptoms
experienced are symptoms of a mild illness only. Whereas there is a possibility
is one of the early symptoms of a disease that is quite dangerous if not
immediately handled by experts, namely specialists. Patients suffering from
dangerous infectious diseases if treated too late will cause death. The problem
in Indonesia is that there is still uneven distribution of specialist doctors, so that
treatment and treatment for patients is not optimal. Therefore, it is necessary to
do early detection to reduce the risk of death from this tropical
infectious disease.

Nowadays the development of science and technology is growing

rapidly. If usually the diagnosis of the disease can only be done by the doctor,
then along with the development of technology, the diagnosis of the disease
can be done by ordinary people with the help of a system. Diagnosis is carried
out based on the input of symptoms experienced by the patient.
Diagnosis of the disease is a process by which a decision will be taken
among several possibilities. The decision was taken based on several
considerations. This decision making is a case that can be resolved using the
principle of decision support system or decision support system (SPK). In
decision making is applied weighting system for each
criterion. The weight given to each criterion must be different. Proper
weighting of each criterion will greatly influence the outcome of the
decision. Therefore in making a diagnosis of a disease should consider various
criteria then it is not wrong if the diagnosis is classified in the case of
decision making, including diagnosis for tropical diseases.
There have been several studies conducted to help in diagnosing
tropical diseases, such as in 2011 Diema Hernyka Satyaren developed an
expert system of diagnosis of tropical infectious diseases by using forward and
backward chaining  with a symptom and disease suitability rate of
97.96%. Then Rika Rosnelly and Retantyo Wardoyo in 2011 tried to
develop Fuzzy  Multi Criteria Decision Making  (FMCDM) method  to
diagnose  tropical  diseases  with

use a sample of 3 types of diseases. Zainal Abidin in 2015 has implemented the

Fuzzy Multi Attribute Decision Making method to  create a system of dental and
oral diseases experts.

Another study on tropical disease diagnosis was conducted by Elly R

Situmeang in 2011 who developed an expert system using forward chaining
method with a system built by PHP programming language with MySQL
database. In addition, Theorema Bayes has also been used in establishing an
expert system for the diagnosis of tropical diseases by Eri Wibowo in 2009.
In the study - the research used symptoms as input in the diagnosis
process. Most of the symptoms of such diseases are uncertain or vague. Because
of the acidity of these symptoms, fuzzy logic can be used in diagnosing this
tropical disease. Fuzzy logic is a great way to map an input space into an output
space using fuzzy rules (Agus, 2009: 1). Before the advent of fuzzy logic
theory,it was known as a firm logic that has a value of right or wrong
expressly. While fuzzy logic is a logic that has the value of blurring or obscurity
(fuzzyness) between right and wrong. In fuzzy logic theory a value can be worth
right and wrong simultaneously but how much truth and error a value
depending on the weight of the membership.
Things that have been described above behind the importance of tropical
disease diagnosis research by applying fuzzy logic.

The research titled "Fuzzy Decision Making Application for  Tropical Disease

Diagnosis" is expected to benefit both in mathematics and health.
1.2 Problem Limitation
To avoid a broad discussion that is less effective, then in this study
made limitations of the problem, namely:
1. Diseases that will be diagnosed are some infectious tropical diseases
that are often suffered by the people of Indonesia.
2. In the input system is a symptom suffered by the patient, do not see
other factors such as lifestyle, hereditary history, and so on.
3. Adult patients.

1.3 Problem Formulation
1. How is fuzzy decision making application for tropical disease
diagnosis?
2. What is the accuracy of the diagnosis?

1.4 Research Objectives
1. Knowing the application of fuzzy decision making for the
diagnosis of tropical diseases.
2. Know the accuracy of the diagnosis results.

1.5 Research Benefits
The expected benefits of this research are described as follows:

1.6 Theoretical Benefits
This research is expected to add insight and knowledge
about fuzzy systems to diagnose tropical diseases.
1.7 Practical Benefits
This research is expected to be used by lay people as one way of
diagnosing tropical diseases more quickly and more practically.
 

CHAPTER II
Discussion
2.1 Fuzzy Decision Making
The steps to apply Fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making to tropical disease
diagnosis are: identifying alternative groups (diseases) and criteria
(symptoms). Kmemudian chooses a set of ratings for the weight - the weight of the
symptoms and the degree of match of each disease with its symptoms. Next
evaluate the weight – the weight of the symptoms and the degree of suitability of
each disease with its symptoms. Further aggregating the weight - the weight of the
symptoms and the degree of match of each disease with the symptoms. Specifies
the alpha (degree of optimism) value of 0;0,5;1. Calculates the total integral
value. Lastly perform the role of the disease based on the symptoms that exist.

Based on the validation results, the diagnosis of tropical diseases using

Fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making is 100% the same as the diagnosis done by
the doctor.

2.2 Representation of Problems

a. The purpose of this decision making is to determine the best diagnosis for

tropical diseases based on the criteria or symptoms felt. There are 26 types of
diseases that will be an alternative, namely: AIDS (A1), chicken pox (A2),
measles (A3), cikungunya A4), dengue hemorrhagic fever (A5), diarrhea (A6),
diphtheria (A7), dysentery (A8), filariasis (A9), bird flu (A10), hepatitis (A11),
herpes (A12), influenza (A13), ISPA (A14), cholera (A15), leptospirosis (A16),
malaria (A17), PES (A18), pneumonia (A19), polio (A20), rabies (A21), SARS
(A22), tetanus (A23), typhus (A24), tuberculosis (A25), and taeniasis (A26),
b. There are 118 attributes of criteria (symptoms) for the diagnosis of tropical
diseases in this study, namely: ALT (C1), BAB (C2), intensity defecation (C3),
volume defecation (C4), stool condition (C5), cold body heat (C6), cough (C7),
cough with throat (C8), bloody cough (C9), neck lump (C10), lump size (C10)
C11), water-filled red lumps (C12), hot watery lumps(C13), weight gain (C14),
sweating (C15), sneezing – sneezing (C16), lip condition (C17), red
spots/bleeding (C18), nasal cups moving when breathing (C19), dehydration
1. I'm going to have to (C20), heart rate (C21), pulse (C22), disorientation (C23),
photophobic (C24), breath frequency (C25), impaired consciousness (C26),
upper respiratory disorder (C27), itching around the anus (C28), animal/dog
bites (C29), bites rat pinjal (C30), hallucinations (C31), hematocrit (C32),
hepatomegaly (C33), hydrocles (C34), hydrophobia (C35), dry nose (C36), hot
nose (C37), nasal congestion (C38), hyperactivity (C39), jaundice (C4 snot
(C41), swollen legs (C42), stiff neck (C43), stiff back (C44), convulsions (C45),
muscle spasms (C46), worms out in stool (C47), kiluria (C48), chest condition
(C49), finger condition (C50), eyelid condition (C51), abdominal condition
(C52), contact with poultry sudden death (C53), skin rash (C54), tired (C55),
weak (C56), weak limbs (C57), limp (C58), leukocytes (C59), webbed tongue
(C60), lymphedema of the ingunial region (C61) , lymphedema in the neck /
armpits (C62), pain in the joints (C63), sores in the anus (C64), eating pork /
beef liver (C65), malaise (C66), watery eyes (C67), red / inflamed eyes (C68),
chills (C69), delirious (C70), meteroismus (C71), myalgia (C72), nosebleeds
(C73), nausea (C74), vomiting (C75), appetite (C76), pus coming out of
lymphedema (C77), chest pain (C78), chest pain when breathing (C79), neck
pain (C80), swallowing pain (C80), swallowing pain (C78), chest pain while
breathing (C79), neck pain (C80), swallowing pain (C80) C81), back pain (C82),
joint pain (C83), paresthesia (C84), aches ( C85), stomach wraps (C86),
pseudomembran (C87), fainting (C88), difficulty breathing (C89), dizziness
(C90), body aches (C91), headache (C92), bone pain (C93), abdominal pain
(C94), left abdominal pain (C95), sore throat (C96), tightness when coughing
(C97), shortness of breath (C98), splenomegaly (C99), parau sound (C100),
hoarseness (C101) , skin temperature (C102), lymphedema temperature (C103),
back temperature (C104), body temperature (C105), body temperature in the
afternoon / night (C106), fever frequency (C107), blood pressure (C108), blood
pressure frequency (C109), lymphed textureemaema (C110), wounds and
difficulty drying (C111), strange behavior (C112), trismus (C113), platelets
(C114), skinny fingers (C115), urine volume (C116), face (C117), and urine
color (C118).
c. The hierarchy structure of the problem can be described as in Figure 3.
 
CHAPTER 3
CLOSING
3.1 Conclusion
The steps to apply Fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making to tropical
disease diagnosis are: identifying alternative groups (diseases) and criteria
(symptoms). Then choose a set of ratings for weights – the weight of symptoms
and the degree of match of each disease to its symptoms. Next evaluate the
weight – the weight of the symptoms and the degree of suitability of each
disease with its symptoms. Further aggregating the weight - the weight of the
symptoms and the degree of match of each disease with the symptoms. Specifies
the alpha (degree of optimism) value of 0;0,5;1. Calculates the total integral
value. Lastly perform the role of the disease based on the symptoms that exist.
Based on the validation results, the diagnosis of tropical diseases using
Fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making is 100% the same as the diagnosis done
by the doctor.
3.2 Suggestions
Development and improvement need to be done to obtain better
results. Therefore, the author provides advice for further research, namely by
changing the interests of criteria, using other decision making methods that are
more effective, using weighting scales 1-10, and improving the degree of
compatibility of each alternative to the criteria.