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    Leather Industry: Presentation

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    Saif
    The document discusses the leather industry and the process of converting raw hides and skins into leather. It describes the major steps in the wet process for leather production including soaking, liming, bating, tanning, post-tanning and finishing. It also discusses different types of leather and tanning methods like vegetable tanning.

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    Leather Industry: Presentation

    Uploaded by

    Saif
    40 views15 pages
    The document discusses the leather industry and the process of converting raw hides and skins into leather. It describes the major steps in the wet process for leather production including soaking, liming, bating, tanning, post-tanning and finishing. It also discusses different types of leather and tanning methods like vegetable tanning.

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    Chemical Engineering

    Original Title

    Seminar-1

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    The document discusses the leather industry and the process of converting raw hides and skins into leather. It describes the major steps in the wet process for leather production including soaking, liming, bating, tanning, post-tanning and finishing. It also discusses different types of leather and tanning methods like vegetable tanning.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    40 views15 pages

    Leather Industry: Presentation

    Uploaded by

    Saif
    The document discusses the leather industry and the process of converting raw hides and skins into leather. It describes the major steps in the wet process for leather production including soaking, liming, bating, tanning, post-tanning and finishing. It also discusses different types of leather and tanning methods like vegetable tanning.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 15

    leather industry

    Presentation
    SEMESTER 7TH BS CHEMICAL
    ROLL NUM 15905
    SUBMITTED TO SIR IJAZ EHMAD
    SUBMITTED BY M BABAR

    GOVERNMENT COLLAGE OF UNIVERSITY


    FAISALABAD
    introduction
    Leather
    It is a flexible and durable  material made from   
    frome raw hides and skins 
    • Hide 
           skin of longer animals (e.g) cow camel 
    • skin
           Skin of small animal e.g goat & sheep
    Major products
    Foot wears 
    Leather garments
    Leather gloves
    Hand bags and purses
    Wallets 
    Key chains 
    Sports good
    Types of leather
    In general leather is sold in three forms

     Full-grain leather or top grain is referring to the upper section  of a 


    hide that contains the epidermis or skin layer 

     Corrected-grain leather is any top-grain leather that has had its 
    surfaces  sanded buffed or snuffed in order to remove any imperfection on 
    the surface due to insect bites healed scar or brands

     Split leather is leather that is created from the fibrous part of the hide 
    left once the top-grain of the raw hide has been separated from the hide
    Process of leather
    There are two types of leather making process:
    1) Wet process
    2) Dry process

    Wet process:
    Tanning, re-tanning and dyeing are the fundamental stages of 
    “wet” leather processing, necessary to give the product some of its final 
    characteristics such as softness, resistance and color.

    There are four types of wet process:-


    1) Pre tanning
    2) Tanning
    3) Post tanning
    Pre tanning
    Tanning hide into leather involves 
    a process which permanently alters the 
    Salting
    protein structure of skin, making it more 
    durable and less susceptible to 
    decomposition, and also possibly coloring it. 
    Before tanning, the skins are dehaired, 
    degreased, desalted and soaked in water 
    over a period of six hours to two days.
    Soaking

    DE fleshing
    Liming  Pelt  Bating Pickling
    SOAKING
    Soaking is the first operation 
    of leather processing, it is used to clean hides 
    and skins by removing various unwanted 
    contaminants such as dirt, blood, flesh, grease 
    and dung. ... Soaking also rehydrates the skins 
    and hides with the use of proteases and 
    carbohydrates
    Salting
    (like Nacl) (to preserve and store
    The process involves  sprinkling  the  skin  with 
    solid salt (dry salting)  or  by  treating  the  skin 
    with salt solutions  (wet salting). Salted deer 
    rawhide. Salted hides  can  be  kept  for  several 
    months and are resistant to temperature fluctuations.
    Pickling
    This process makes the fibres of the 
    hides more  receptive  to  tanning. Pickling increases  the 
    acidity of the hide to a pH of 3, enabling chromium tannins to 
    enter  the  hide.  Salts  are  added  to  prevent  the  fibres  from 
    swelling.
    Liming process
    Liming is a process used for 
    parchment 
    or leather processing, in 
    which hides are soaked in an 
    alkali solution. It is performed 
    using a drum and paddle or a 
    pit. Its objectives are: ... 
    Collagen swelling due to the 
    alkaline pH. Collagen fibre 
    bundle splitting.
    Bating process
    In  the process of bating the  ultimate  goal 
    is  to  make  hides  pliable  and  prepare  them 
    for  the  tanning process.  In  the bating
    process, proteases are used to remove scud 
    and  unwanted  proteins.  The process also 
    deswells  swollen  pelts.  The  result 
    of bating with  the  use  of  enzymes  is  a 
    clean,smooth and soft hide surface.
    Tanning
    Tanning hide into leather involves 
    a process which permanently alters the 
    protein structure of skin, making it more 
    durable and less susceptible to decomposition, 
    and also possibly coloring it. Before tanning, 
    the skins are dehaired, degreased, desalted 
    and soaked in water over a period of six hours 
    to two days

    Vegitable Tanning
    Vegetable tanned leather refers to the 
    tannage, or method of tanning the 
    cowhide into leather. It’s called 
    “vegetable” because of the natural 
    materials used in the tanning process like 
    tree bark. Vegetable tanning or veg tan as 
    it’s sometimes called, is one of the oldest 
    methods of tanning known to man.
    Post-tanning
    Post-tanning consists 
    of  the  chemical 
    processes  of DE  The post-tanning stage is made up of 
    acidulation,  retaining,  further chemical treatments designed 
    to improve the appearance of the 
    dyeing, fat  liquoring,  leathers and make them suitable for 
    and  fixing.  commercial uses. After tanning, the 
    leather still appears rigid and wet and 
    Approximately  130  has the colour typical of 
    different  types  of  the tanning process used.

    chemicals  are  used  by 


    the leather industry.
    Dry wet process
    Leather contains moisturizing and  lubricating 
    oils  which  were  added  in  the  tanning  process. 
    These oils are gradually lost as the leather is used. 
    The  once  plump  and  flexible fibers 
    of leather gradually  become  thinner  and  more 
    rigid.
                                             &

    Finishing
    Finishing determines  the  appearance  of 
    the  final  surface  of  the leather and  the 
    surface  properties.  This  includes colouring 
    waterproofing,  wax  dressings,  but  also 
    mechanical  processing  stages  such  as 
    ironing or embossing of the leather.
    Seminar (1)
    Thank you for watching this I
    hope you understand leather and
    its processing ( Allah hafiz )

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