Sec3.1Increasing Decreasing Functions

Sec 3.
1 Increasing and Decreasing Functions

Objective: Find the intervals in which a function is increasing or decreasing
Definition of Increasing and Decreasing Functions

Definition of increasing function
f is increasing on an interval I if fx 1  < fx 2  whenever x 1 < x 2 and x 1 and x 2 are in I.
Definition of decreasing function
f is decreasing on an interval I if fx 1  > fx 2  whenever x 1 < x 2 and x 1 and x 2 are in I.
Definition of a Critical Number

′
A critical number of a function f is a number c in the domain of f such that either f c = 0
′
or f c does not exist.
Theorem: If f has a local extremum at c, then c is a critical number of f. .
Guidelines: For finding increasing or decreasing intervals

1. Find derivative of f
2. Find all values of x where f′x = 0 or f′x is undefined
These are the c , the critical numbers of f.
3. Test sign of f′x in the regions between critical numbers
4. f′x > 0 then fxis increasing in that region interval I
f′x < 0 then fxis decreasing in that region interval I
———————————————————————————————-
.Example 3
a.Find the critical numbers. of the function
b. Find the open intervals on which the function is increasing or decreasing
fx = 2x 3 − 9x 2
—————————————
a. Solution
step 1 d fx = 6x 2 − 18x
dx
step 2 Set derivative =0 6x 2 − 18x = 0
6xx − 3 = 0, :
Solution is: 0, 3 the critical numbers
b. Solution
1
Make a table of the regions: intervals between the critical numbers
Test Intervals −∞, 0 0, 3 3, ∞
Test number -1 1/2 4
′
Sign of f x = 6xx − 3 + - +
Conclusion fx increasing decreasing increasing
f0 = 0 f3 = −27
y
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
x
-50
-100
-150
———————————————————-:
Do NOW check point 3 (altered)
Find the critical numbers and the intervals only
fx = x 3 − x
————————
——————————————–
.Example 4
Find the open intervals on which the function is increasing or decreasing
fx = x 3 − 32 x 2
—————————————————
Solution:
y = fx = x 3 − 32 x 2
step1y′ = 3x 2 − 3x
step2; Set derivative 3x 2 − 3x =0
′
y′ = f x = 3xx − 1 = 0, critical numbers: 0 and 1
step3: make table
Test Intervals −∞, 0 0, 1 1, ∞
Test number -1 1/2 2
′
f x = 3xx − 1 + - +
Conclusion f(x) increasing decreasing increasing
fx = x −
3 3
2
x 2
2
y
2
-1 1 2
x
-2
Do NOW cp4
fx = x 3 − 12x
————————
——————————————–
.Example 5
Find the open intervals on which the function is increasing or decreasing
2
fx = x 2 − 4 3
—————————————————
Solution:
2
y = fx = x 2 − 4 3
dy
step1: dx = 43 3 x2
x −4
step2: Set derivative =0
′
f x = 43 3 x2 = 0 critical number: 0
x −4
′
step 3 f x dosen’t exist at x=2,-2
critical numbers are -2,0,2
Test Intervals −∞, −2 −2, 0 0, 2 2, ∞
Test number -3 -1 1 3
′
f x = 4
3
x
- + - +
3 x 2 −4
Conclusion f(x) decreasing increasing decreasing increasing
y6
4
2
-4 -2 0 2 4
x
2
fx = x 2 − 4 3
——————————–
Do Now checkpoint 5
2
fx = x 3
see your table

———————————————–
3
Example 7 Test an Increasing Function
Show that fx = x 3 − 3x 2 + 3x
in increasing on the entire real line
—————————————————
Solution:
y = fx = x 3 − 3x 2 + 3x
dy
step1: = 3x 2 − 6x + 3
dx
step 2:Set derivative =0
′
f x 3x 2 − 6x + 3 = 0
3x 2 − 2x + 1 = 0
3x − 1 2 = 0
critical number x=1
Test Intervals −∞, 1 1, ∞
Test number 0 2
′
f x = 3x − 1 2 + +
Conclusion f(x) increasing increasing
4
y
2
-1 1 2 3
x
-2
———————————————–
Do NOW checkpoint 7 (if time)
Hint- Homework: Sec 3.1 no. 27,

fx = x 2 − 1
y 4
2
-4 -2 2 4
-2 x
-4
Note: In the inteval (-1,0) and (0,-1),where x 2 − 1 > 0

(never a negative under the sign)
y’ is undefined
Consider only the intervals −∞, −1 1, ∞

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Sec 3.

1 Increasing and Decreasing Functions

Definition of Increasing and Decreasing Functions

Definition of a Critical Number

Theorem: If f has a local extremum at c, then c is a critical number of f. .

Guidelines: For finding increasing or decreasing intervals

Conclusion f(x) decreasing increasing decreasing increasing

see your table

Hint- Homework: Sec 3.1 no. 27,

Note: In the inteval (-1,0) and (0,-1),where x 2 − 1 > 0

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