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    Gyration

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    amit
    (a) to find the radius of gyration of objects of different geometrical shapes but of same mass by noting the period of oscillation. (b) To show that the time period is independent of mass so long as the shape and size remain the same.

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    Gyration

    Uploaded by

    amit
    264 views3 pages
    (a) to find the radius of gyration of objects of different geometrical shapes but of same mass by noting the period of oscillation. (b) To show that the time period is independent of mass so long as the shape and size remain the same.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    (a) to find the radius of gyration of objects of different geometrical shapes but of same mass by noting the period of oscillation. (b) To show that the time period is independent of mass so long as the shape and size remain the same.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    264 views3 pages

    Gyration

    Uploaded by

    amit
    (a) to find the radius of gyration of objects of different geometrical shapes but of same mass by noting the period of oscillation. (b) To show that the time period is independent of mass so long as the shape and size remain the same.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    The experiment aimed to determine the radius of gyration and moment of inertia of objects with different shapes but same mass by measuring their period of oscillation.

    The purpose of the experiment was (a) to find the radius of gyration of objects of different geometrical shapes but of same mass by noting the period of oscillation and (b) to show that the time period is independent of mass so long as the shape and size remain the same.

    The conclusions drawn from the experiment were that the moment of inertia does not only depend upon mass and that the moment of inertia of an object depends upon the distribution of mass of the body about the axis of rotation i.e. on its shape and size.

    Experiment: (a) to find the radius of gyration of objects of different geometrical

    shapes but of same mass by noting the period of oscillation.


    (b) To show that the time period is independent of mass so long as the shape and size
    remain the same.

    Apparatus used: one thin rectangular plate of same mass, an annular disc of same
    mass, one circular disc having the same mass as the other two objects, two knife edges,
    stop watch and telescope.

    Theory:
    The moment of inertia of any object is given by the formula

    I = MK2
    Where I = moment of inertia
    M = mass of object
    K = radius of gyration

    Procedure:
    a) Note the position of C.G. of rectangular plate, annular disc and the circular disc.
    See that the centre of hole in each case is situated at the same distance l from the
    C.G.
    b) Check the mass of rectangular plate, the annular disc and one circular disc either
    by a sensitive physical balance or by a spring balance and see that each of them
    has the same mass.
    c) Fix the knife edges into the two holes respectively in rectangular plate and draw a
    reference line or mark at the lower edge.
    d) Suspend the plate on two smooth glass plates with the help of the knife edges.
    Focus the reference vertical mark through the telescope placed at a distance about
    two meters.
    e) Set the plate into uniform vibrations of small amplitude and with the help of a
    stop watch find the time taken for 20 vibrations.
    f) Invert the plate and fix it at B. again find the time period for 20 vibrations.
    g) Similarly find the time period for 20 vibrations for the annular disc and the
    circular disc.

    Observation:
    Acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 ms-2
    Distance of hole from C.G.
    Rectangular plate (i) hole A, l = 0.047 m (ii) hole B, l = 0.045 m
    Annular disc (i) hole A, l = 0.053 m (ii) hole B, l = 0.047 m
    Circular disc (i) hole A, l = 0.046 m (ii) hole B, l = 0.047 m

    Objects Time for 20 vibrations (in Time T2 Mass (in


    s) period Kg)
    Hole A Hole B mean T (in
    1 2 1 2 s)
    Rectangular 24 23 24 23 23.5 1.175 1.38 0.260
    plate
    Annular 20 19 20 19 19.5 0.975 0.950 0.260
    disc
    Circular 19 19 20 19 19.25 0.9625 0.926 0.260
    disc

    Calculations and verifications


    (i) rectangular plates
    Length of rectangular disc (a) = 0.438 m
    Breadth of rectangular plate (b) = 0.140m
    Moment of inertia I = M (a2 + b2)
    12

    Or K2 = a2 + b2
    12
    = 0.04 m2
    » K = 0.2 m

    (ii) annular disc


    Internal radius of annular disc (r) = 0.041 m
    External disc of annular disc (R) = 0.145 m
    Moment of inertia I = M (R2 + r2)
    2
    Or K = R + r2
    2 2

    2
    = 0.0116 m2
    » K = 0.11 m

    (iii) circular disc


    Radius of circular disc (R) = 0.139 m
    Moment of inertia I = MR2
    2
    Or K2 = R2
    2
    = 0.0097 m2
    » K = 0.01 m

    Conclusion
    1. As the time period is different of each body, the moment of inertia does not only
    depend upon mass as other wise it would have been equal.
    2. As K is different in all the cases and M.I. depends upon K being equal to MK2, we
    conclude that the M.I. of an object depends upon the distribution of mass of the
    body about the axis of rotation i.e. on its shape and size.

    Precautions
    1. The knife edges should be sharp and the point of suspension should not slip.
    2. The amplitude should be small.
    3. The time period should be calculated by observing the accurately the time of 20
    vibrations.
    4. The telescope should be focused from a distance of about 2 meters.

    Sources of error
    1. There is always some air resistance to the motion, which is different shape of the
    oscillating objects.
    2. The masses of the oscillating objects may not be exactly equal.
    3. The distance of the point of the oscillation from the C.G. of each object may not
    be exactly the same.

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