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    Persediaan (Penilaian Tambahan/Additional Valuation) : Lower of Cost or Net Realizable Value

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    muhammad rafly
    The document discusses several methods for valuing inventory, including: 1. Lower of Cost or Net Realizable Value (LCNRV) method, which values inventory at the lower of cost or estimated selling price less completion and selling costs. 2. Gross Profit method, which estimates ending inventory value when a physical count is not possible, such as for interim financial reports, using estimated gross profit percentages. 3. Retail Inventory method, which is used when there are many inventory items and is difficult to track costs, and values ending inventory at cost using the cost to retail ratio.

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    Persediaan (Penilaian Tambahan/Additional Valuation) : Lower of Cost or Net Realizable Value

    Uploaded by

    muhammad rafly
    280 views4 pages
    The document discusses several methods for valuing inventory, including: 1. Lower of Cost or Net Realizable Value (LCNRV) method, which values inventory at the lower of cost or estimated selling price less completion and selling costs. 2. Gross Profit method, which estimates ending inventory value when a physical count is not possible, such as for interim financial reports, using estimated gross profit percentages. 3. Retail Inventory method, which is used when there are many inventory items and is difficult to track costs, and values ending inventory at cost using the cost to retail ratio.

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    LCNRV

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    The document discusses several methods for valuing inventory, including: 1. Lower of Cost or Net Realizable Value (LCNRV) method, which values inventory at the lower of cost or estimated selling price less completion and selling costs. 2. Gross Profit method, which estimates ending inventory value when a physical count is not possible, such as for interim financial reports, using estimated gross profit percentages. 3. Retail Inventory method, which is used when there are many inventory items and is difficult to track costs, and values ending inventory at cost using the cost to retail ratio.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    280 views4 pages

    Persediaan (Penilaian Tambahan/Additional Valuation) : Lower of Cost or Net Realizable Value

    Uploaded by

    muhammad rafly
    The document discusses several methods for valuing inventory, including: 1. Lower of Cost or Net Realizable Value (LCNRV) method, which values inventory at the lower of cost or estimated selling price less completion and selling costs. 2. Gross Profit method, which estimates ending inventory value when a physical count is not possible, such as for interim financial reports, using estimated gross profit percentages. 3. Retail Inventory method, which is used when there are many inventory items and is difficult to track costs, and values ending inventory at cost using the cost to retail ratio.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    PERSEDIAAN (PENILAIAN TAMBAHAN/ADDITIONAL VALUATION)

    Persediaan dapat dinilai menggunakan Cost Method (FIFO, Average) dan penilaian
    tambahan lain. Penilaian tambahan lain :
    1. Lower of Cost or Net Realizable Value (LCNRV)
    2. Gross Profit Method of Estimating Inventory
    3. Retail Inventory Method

    Lower of Cost or Net Realizable Value


    Net Realizable Value adalah estimasi selling price dikurangi dengan estimated cost to
    complete dan estimated cost to make a sale.
    Contoh : Perusahaan Mander mempunyai unfinished inventory dengan cost $ 950,
    sales valuenya $ 1.000, estimated cost to complete $50 dan estimated selling cost $
    200.
    Inventory (unfinished) $1.000
    Less : estimated cost of completion 50
    Estimated cost to sell 200 250
    Net Realizable Value 750
    ====
    Ilustrasi LCNRV

    Foods Cost NRV Final Inventory Value

    Spinach $ 80.000 $ 120.000 $ 80.000


    Carrots 100.000 110.000 100.000
    Cut bean 50.000 40.000 40.000
    Peas 90.000 72.000 72.000
    Mixed vegetables 95.000 92.000 92.000
    384.000
    =======

    Metode penerapan LCNRV


    LCNRV

    Individual Major Total


    Cost LCNRV Item Group Inventory
    Frozen
    Spinach $ 80.000 $ 120.000 $ 80.000
    Carrots 100.000 110.000 100.000
    Cut Beans 50.000 40.000 40.000
    Total frozen 230.000 270.000 230.000

    Canned
    Peas 90.000 72.000 72.000
    Mixed veget. 95.000 92.000 92.000
    Total canned 185.000 164.000 ______ 164.000 ________
    Total 415.000 434.000 384.000 394.000 415.000
    ======== ======= ======= ======= =======
    Pencatatan Net Realizable Value :
    1. Cost of Goods Sold Method
    2. Loss Method

    Misalkan Cost of Goods Sold (before adjustment to NRV) $ 108.000


    Ending Inventory (cost) 82.000
    Ending Inventory (NRV) 70.000
    (penurunan nilai Inventory 12.000)

    Cost of Goods Sold Method Loss Method

    Cost of Goods sold 12.000 Loss due to decline of inventory to NRV 12.000
    Inventory 12.000 Inventory 12.000

    Pelaporan dalam Income Statement

    Sales Revenue $200.000 Sales Revenue $ 200.000


    CoGS (after adjust to NRV) 120.000 CoGS 108.000
    Gross Profit 80.000 92.000
    ====== Loss due to decline of inv. to NRV 12.000
    80.000
    ======
    Menggunakan allowance

    Loss due to decline of inventory to NRV 12.000


    Allowance to reduce inventory to NRV 12.000

    Pelaporan dalam Laporan Posisi Keuangan

    Inventory (cost) $ 82.000


    Allowance to reduce inventory to NRV 12.000
    Inventory (NRV) 70.000
    =======

    Jika NRV naik menjadi 74.000 dijurnal:

    Allowance to reduce inventory to NRV 4.000


    Recovery of Inventory Loss 4.000

    Dampak adjustment NRV terhadap Income

    Date Inventory Inventory Amount Adjustment Effect on


    (cost) (NRV) allowance allowance Net Income

    31/12/2010 $188.000 $ 176.000 $ 12.000 $ 12.000 inc decrease


    2011 194.000 187.000 7.000 5.000 dec increase
    2012 173.000 174.000 0 7.000 dec increase
    2013 182.000 180.000 2.000 2.000 inc decrease
    Gross Profit Method of Estimating Inventory
    Metode ini digunakan dalam kondisi dimana inventory taking tidak dapat dilakukan.
    Untuk kondisi seperti ini metode Gross Profit/Gross Margin dapat digunakan.Dengan
    metode ini , nilai inventory diestimasi , seperti untuk Laporan Keuangan Interim atau
    kebakaran yang menghabiskan inventory.
    Asumsi digunakannya Gross Profit Method, Inventory awal dan pembelian dapat
    dihitung.

    Gross Profit diestimasi dari persentase penjualan , alasanya adalah:


    1. Banyak perusahaan yang menetapkan nilai barang menggunakan retail basis
    bukan cost base
    2. Profit lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan cost
    3. Gross profit tidak melebihi 100%

    Menghitung persentase Gross Profit


    Perusahaan Cetus mempunyai persediaan awal $60.000, pembelian 200.000,
    penjualan 280.000, gross profit 30% dari sales
    Sales 280.000
    CoGS:
    Beginning Inventory 60.000
    Purchases 200.000
    Goods available for sale 260.000
    Ending inventory ?

    Cost of goods sold ?


    Gross profit (30%) ?

    Sales 280.000
    CoGS:
    Beginning Inventory 60.000
    Purchases 200.000
    Goods available for sale 260.000
    Ending inventory 64.000 (3)

    Cost of goods sold 196.000 (2)


    Gross profit (30%) 84.000 (1)

    Beginning Inventory (at cost) $ 60.000


    Pembelian (at cost) 200.000
    Goods available 260.000
    Sales 280.000
    Less : Gross Profit (30%) 84.000
    Cost of goods sold 196.000
    Ending Inventory 64.000
    =======
    Jika gross profit diketahui , tetapi persentasenya harus dihitung, misalkan cost inventory
    $ 15 , dan harga jualnya $ 20, berarti gross profitnya $ 5

    Mark up/Retail = 5/20 = 25% at retail


    Mark up/cost = 5/15 = 33,3% at cost

    Misalkan , mark up 25% dari cost, harga jual $ 1


    Cost + Gross Profit = selling price
    C + 0,25C = $1
    1,25 C= $ 1
    C = $0,8
    Gross Profit = $ 0,20

    Kelemahan Gross Profit Method :


    1. Menggunakan estimasi
    2. Menggunakan persentase masa lampau dalam menetapkan mark up
    3. Harus berhati-hati dalam menggunakan blanket gross profit

    Retail Inventory Method

    Retail Inventory Method ini digunakan pada perusahaan yang memiliki banyak sekali
    jenis persediaannya seperti supermarket yang sulit untuk menentukan biaya setiap
    penjualan, biaya transportasi dan lain-lain.
    Dengan metode ini persediaan disusun berdasarkan harga eceran dan akan
    dikonversikan dengan cost persediaan menggunakan rasio.

    Contoh perusahaan Debenham


    Cost Retail
    Beginning Inventory $ 14.000 $ 20.000
    Purhases 63.000 90.000
    Goods available for sale 77.000 110.000
    Sales 85.000
    Ending Inventory (at retail) 25.000

    Ratio of cost to retail (77.000:110.000 = 70%


    Ending inventory at cost (70% x 25.000) = 17.500

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