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    Igneous Activity at The Present Day: Topic

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    Muhammad Bilal Paul
    The document summarizes different types of present-day igneous activity. It discusses three main categories: 1) Ocean basins where magmatism occurs at ocean ridges and flanks in the form of intrusive and extrusive activity producing ocean floor basalts; 2) Island arcs and continental margins which have over two-thirds of the world's active volcanoes situated over inclined seismic zones, such as those in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Antarctic Oceans; 3) Continental regions which have limited true continental magmatism occurring in small regions like the East Africa Rift System and Red Sea.

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    Igneous Activity at The Present Day: Topic

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Bilal Paul
    54 views4 pages
    The document summarizes different types of present-day igneous activity. It discusses three main categories: 1) Ocean basins where magmatism occurs at ocean ridges and flanks in the form of intrusive and extrusive activity producing ocean floor basalts; 2) Island arcs and continental margins which have over two-thirds of the world's active volcanoes situated over inclined seismic zones, such as those in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Antarctic Oceans; 3) Continental regions which have limited true continental magmatism occurring in small regions like the East Africa Rift System and Red Sea.

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    The document summarizes different types of present-day igneous activity. It discusses three main categories: 1) Ocean basins where magmatism occurs at ocean ridges and flanks in the form of intrusive and extrusive activity producing ocean floor basalts; 2) Island arcs and continental margins which have over two-thirds of the world's active volcanoes situated over inclined seismic zones, such as those in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Antarctic Oceans; 3) Continental regions which have limited true continental magmatism occurring in small regions like the East Africa Rift System and Red Sea.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    54 views4 pages

    Igneous Activity at The Present Day: Topic

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Bilal Paul
    The document summarizes different types of present-day igneous activity. It discusses three main categories: 1) Ocean basins where magmatism occurs at ocean ridges and flanks in the form of intrusive and extrusive activity producing ocean floor basalts; 2) Island arcs and continental margins which have over two-thirds of the world's active volcanoes situated over inclined seismic zones, such as those in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Antarctic Oceans; 3) Continental regions which have limited true continental magmatism occurring in small regions like the East Africa Rift System and Red Sea.

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    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 4

    Topic:

    Igneous Activity at the


    Present Day

    Submitted To:
    Sir A.B Kausar
    Submitted By:
    Muhammad Bilal Paul (01-161072-036)
    Program:
    BS Geo Physics 5
    Date of Submission:
    26th November 2009
    Igneous Activity at the Present Day
    Present day volcanoes can be broadly grouped in to three
    categories:

    1. Ocean Basins.

    2. Island Arcs and Continental Margins.

    3. Continents.

    Ocean Basins:
    Here magamatism is divided in to three types:

    1. There is the substance produced at the oceanic ridges by


    a combination of intrusive and extrusive activity.

    2. There are active volcanoes situated at oceanic ridges.

    3. There are active volcanoes situated at flanks of spreading


    ridges.

    The thickness of ocean floor is as follows:

    • Layer 1 – 0.4 km

    • Layer 2 – 1.7 km

    • Layer 3 – 4.9 km

    Metamorphism:
    Some basalts and all of the gabbros from the ocean floor
    are metamorphosed. Majority are in the greenschist and
    amphibolites facies of metamorphism and some are in the
    zeolite facies. Breccias are also confined to fracture zones.

    Oceanic Islands:

    2
    Iceland is the only active island which is situated on active
    spreading oceanic ridge. It is entirely oceanic in nature and its
    rocks are entirely volcanic.

    Present day volcanism is concentrated in a NE-SW belt.


    Basalts are in abundance and these are tholeiitic.

    Island Arcs and Continental Margins:


    Volcanic activity is more intense in island arcs than in
    other regions of earth and more than two-third of world’s active
    volcanoes are in this environment. They are situated over
    inclined seismic zones in the underlying mantle.

    Examples are in Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and in


    Antarctic Ocean.

    Orogenic Continental Margins:


    Volcanism occurs along those continental margins which
    are underlain by inclined seismic zones. Volcanic rock types of
    continental margins are the same as those of island arcs. Acid
    rocks are more abundant in continental margins than in island
    arcs.

    Examples are New Zealand and the Philippines.

    Intracontinental Orogenic Belts:


    The volcanism observed at zones of continental collision is
    of particular interest because this is the presumed tectonic
    setting of many ancient orogenic belts with their attendant
    magmatism.

    Examples are Turkey and Iran where Arabian and Eurasian


    plates collide. Its lavas are andesites, dacites and rhyodacites.

    Continental Regions:

    3
    True continental magamtism at present day is found only
    in small number of regions and magma eruption is very less
    there. The igneous activity of this region has been continuous
    since the Miocene.

    Examples are East Africa Rift System and Red Sea.

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