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    Petrophysics (Lab Experiment 01)

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    amaar siyal
    This document provides an overview of petrophysics and outlines the layout of a petrophysics laboratory. It defines key concepts such as porosity, permeability, and fluid saturation. Porosity is the percentage of open space in a rock that can contain fluids. Permeability measures how easily a fluid can flow through a rock. The retort method is described for measuring fluid saturations, which involves heating a core to vaporize and collect its oil, water, and gas for volume measurement. The layout of a petrophysics lab includes sections on rock properties, measurement instruments, and definitions and importance of concepts such as porosity, permeability, and fluid saturation.

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    Petrophysics (Lab Experiment 01)

    Uploaded by

    amaar siyal
    54 views5 pages
    This document provides an overview of petrophysics and outlines the layout of a petrophysics laboratory. It defines key concepts such as porosity, permeability, and fluid saturation. Porosity is the percentage of open space in a rock that can contain fluids. Permeability measures how easily a fluid can flow through a rock. The retort method is described for measuring fluid saturations, which involves heating a core to vaporize and collect its oil, water, and gas for volume measurement. The layout of a petrophysics lab includes sections on rock properties, measurement instruments, and definitions and importance of concepts such as porosity, permeability, and fluid saturation.

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    This document provides an overview of petrophysics and outlines the layout of a petrophysics laboratory. It defines key concepts such as porosity, permeability, and fluid saturation. Porosity is the percentage of open space in a rock that can contain fluids. Permeability measures how easily a fluid can flow through a rock. The retort method is described for measuring fluid saturations, which involves heating a core to vaporize and collect its oil, water, and gas for volume measurement. The layout of a petrophysics lab includes sections on rock properties, measurement instruments, and definitions and importance of concepts such as porosity, permeability, and fluid saturation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    54 views5 pages

    Petrophysics (Lab Experiment 01)

    Uploaded by

    amaar siyal
    This document provides an overview of petrophysics and outlines the layout of a petrophysics laboratory. It defines key concepts such as porosity, permeability, and fluid saturation. Porosity is the percentage of open space in a rock that can contain fluids. Permeability measures how easily a fluid can flow through a rock. The retort method is described for measuring fluid saturations, which involves heating a core to vaporize and collect its oil, water, and gas for volume measurement. The layout of a petrophysics lab includes sections on rock properties, measurement instruments, and definitions and importance of concepts such as porosity, permeability, and fluid saturation.

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    INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS ENGINEERING

    MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO


    SUBJECT: PETROPHYSICS (1ST TERM, THIRD YEAR)
    PRACTICAL NO: 01

    Practical No. 01
    Object: To draw layout of petrophysics & core laboratories.
    Theory: Petrophysics is the study of the physical and chemical properties of rocks and their
    contained fluids. Layout of petrophysics is given below:

    Petrophysics

    Introduction Definition Importance

    Rock Properties

    Permeability Porosity Fluid Saturation

    Introduction Definition

    Absolute Permeability Effective Permeability Relative Permeability


    INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS ENGINEERING
    MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
    SUBJECT: PETROPHYSICS (1ST TERM, THIRD YEAR)
    PRACTICAL NO: 01

    Measurement Instrument

    Permeator Porosity Meter Retort Method


    INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS ENGINEERING
    MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
    SUBJECT: PETROPHYSICS (1ST TERM, THIRD YEAR)
    PRACTICAL NO: 01

    Porosity:
    Porosity of a rock is a measure of its ability to hold a fluid. Mathematically, porosity is the
    open space in a rock divided by the total rock volume (solid + space or holes). Porosity is
    normally expressed as a percentage of the total rock which is taken up by pore space. For
    example, sandstone may have 8% porosity. This means 92 percent is solid rock and 8 percent is
    open space containing oil, gas, or water. Eight percent is about the minimum porosity that is
    required to make a decent oil well, though many poorer (and often non-economic) wells are
    completed with less porosity.

    Types of Porosity:
    Absolute Porosity: Void spaces are not connected.
    Effective Porosity: Void spaces are connected.

    Permeability:
    The permeability of a rock is a measure of the resistance to the flow of a fluid through a rock. If
    it takes a lot of pressure to squeeze fluid through a rock, that rock has “low permeability” or
    “low perm.” If fluid passes through the rock easily, it has “high permeability,” or “high perm.”
    Permeability in petroleum-producing rocks is usually expressed in units called millidarcys (one
    millidarcy is 1/1000 of a darcy). Throughout drilling history, most oil and gas was produced
    from rocks that had ten to several hundred millidarcys. One darcy (1000 millidarcys) is a huge
    amount of permeability!

    Types of Permeability:
    Absolute Permeability
    INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS ENGINEERING
    MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
    SUBJECT: PETROPHYSICS (1ST TERM, THIRD YEAR)
    PRACTICAL NO: 01

    Effective Permeability
    Relative Permeability

    Fluid Saturation:
    Measure of the gross void space in a reservoir rock that is occupied by a fluid.
    OR
    The fluid saturation for a particular fluid is the fraction of pore volume occupied by that fluid;
    H2O, oil or gas.

    Retort Method for Saturation Measurement:


    The retort method apparatus is shown in Figure 5-2 where the core is heated inside the sample
    cup causing the fluids to vaporize; oil and water are then condensed in the condensing tube and
    their volumes measured in the receiving tube.
    The procedure is summarized as follows:
    1. Set the apparatus in a ventilated area, preferably inside a hood.
    2. Weigh the saturated core.
    3. Place the core in the sample cup and close it tightly; put the cup inside the heating
    chamber. Place the graduated receiving tube at the bottom of the equipment as shown
    in figure.
    4. Do not close this tube tightly since gases should be vented from the system through the
    receiving tube.
    5. Run a steady current of tap water through the water bath and start heating.
    INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS ENGINEERING
    MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
    SUBJECT: PETROPHYSICS (1ST TERM, THIRD YEAR)
    PRACTICAL NO: 01

    6. Water and oil will start dropping into the receiving tube. When no more fluids are
    collected, stop the heating, but continue running the cooling water. After both phases in
    the collecting tube are clearly separated, read their respective volumes.
    7. When the system has cooled, disconnect the water and remove the sample cup and the
    core inside it. Observe the core. A black deposit on it indicates the formation of coke,
    and a consequent loss of oil in the measurement.

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