Institute of Engineering

M TOWER PROJECT
CASE STUDY
M TOWER

Diagrid Structural System

SITE LOCATION

M TOWER
COMPANY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN ROLE
MOTTAMA HOLDINGS Myanmar DEVELOPER AND LANDOWNER
SINO GREAT WALL China CONSTRUCTION
PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND BIM

SERVICES :
Architecture & Planning
Project & Construction Management
Building Information Modeling (BIM)
MAA ENGINEERING
China SCOPE OF WORK :
CONSULTANTS
Design review
BIM integration for
architecture/structure/MEP
Assistance in procurement and
contracting
Construction and contract
management
SURV China ARCHITECTURE DESIGN
 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

STOREY 26 STOREY WITH 4 BASEMENTS

Estimated Cost U$ 80 Million
Land Area 3800 m2
Floor Area 70,000 m2

Construction Start Date June 2016

Estimated Completion Date September 2020

Building Height 111.2 m

Basement 11.2 m
Building Type Office
Structure System RC Core + Steel Diagrid System
M TOWER
• Adopts green and intelligent building design strategies

• External load bearing steel frame symbolizing the client’s position as leader

on the steel market in Myanmar

A STEEL GEM RISING OVER YANGON
MODERN DIAGRID STRUCTURE
NEW LANDMARK OF YANGON
DIAGRID SYSTEM
 WHAT IS DIAGRID STRUCTURAL SYSTEM?

• The diagrid structural system can be defined as a diagonal

members formed as a framework/frame/skeleton/support
made by the intersection of different materials like metals,
concrete or wooden beams which is used in the construction
of buildings and roofs.
 WHAT IS DIAGRID STRUCTURAL SYSTEM?

• Diagrid structures of the steel members are efficient in

providing solution both in term of strength and
stiffness/hardness/solidity/toughness.

• But nowadays a widespread application of diagrid is used in

the large span and high rise buildings, particularly when they
are complex geometries and curved shapes.
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF STEEL DIAGRID STRUCTURE

• Different from conventional design methodologies primarily based on

strength, the stiffness-based design methodology presented here is based on

the structure’s optimal deformation mode, which is dependant upon the

height-to-width aspect ratio and grid geometry of the structure.

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF STEEL DIAGRID STRUCTURE

• Construction of diagrids is more challenging compared to conventional

structural systems for tall buildings because the system is relatively new and

the joints of diagrid structures are more complicated than those of

conventional orthogonal structures.

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF STEEL DIAGRID STRUCTURE

DESIGN METHODOLOGY

• A diagrid structure is modelled as a vertical cantilever beam on the ground,

and subdivided longitudinally into modules according to the repetitive

diagrid pattern.

• Each module is defined by a single level of diagrids that extend over multiple

stories.
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF STEEL DIAGRID STRUCTURE

DESIGN METHODOLOGY

• Depending upon the direction of loading, the faces act as either web planes (i.e.,

planes parallel to wind) or flange planes (i.e., planes perpendicular to wind).

• The diagonal members are assumed to be pin-ended, and therefore resist the

transverse shear and moment through axial action only.

• With this idealization, the design problem reduces to determining the cross-sectional

area of typical web and flange members for each module.

Figure. Typical diagrid module
 MODULE (COMPONENT/SEGMENT/SECTION)
GEOMETRY OF DIAGRID STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
Diagrid Optimal Angle
❖The diagonal member of the diagrid carries both shear and moment. So the optimal
angle of placing of the diagonals is dependent of building height.

❖The optimal angle of the columns for maximum bending rigidity in the normal
building is 90 degree and for the diagonals for shear rigidity is 35 degree.

❖ It is assumed that the optimal angle of the diagrid falls in between the both. Usually
adopted range is 60 -70 degree.

❖As the height of the building increases the optimal angle also increases.
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF DIAGRID STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
FOR HIGH RISE STEEL BUILDINGS

❖Diagrid structure consists of inclined columns on the exterior surface of

building.

❖Due to inclined columns lateral loads are resisted by axial action of the

diagonal compared to bending of vertical columns in framed tube structure.

❖Diagrid structures generally do not require core because lateral shear can be

carried by the diagonals on the periphery/outside of building.

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF DIAGRID STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
FOR HIGH RISE STEEL BUILDINGS

SOFTWARE USED FOR MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS

❖ETABS

❖SAP 2000

❖BIM
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF DIAGRID STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
FOR HIGH RISE STEEL BUILDINGS

❖As the height of building increase, the lateral load resisting system becomes

more important than the structural system that resists the gravitational loads.

❖The lateral load resisting systems that are widely used are: rigid frame, shear

wall, wall-frame, braced tube system, outrigger system and tubular system.
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF DIAGRID STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
FOR HIGH RISE STEEL BUILDINGS

❖Recently, the diagrid – Diagonal Grid – structural system is widely used for tall

steel buildings due to its structural efficiency and aesthetic potential provided

by the unique geometric configuration of the system

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF DIAGRID STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
FOR HIGH RISE STEEL BUILDINGS

❖Diagrid is a particular form of space truss.

❖It consists of perimeter grid made up of a series of triangulated truss system.

❖Diagrid is formed by intersecting the diagonal and horizontal components.

 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DIAGRID
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
Advantages of Diagrids

• The advantages of the diagrid in the construction of the structure majorly improves the
aesthetic view of the building.

• The use of diagrid reduces the steel up to 20% compared to brace frame structure.

• It doesn’t need technical labor as the construction technology is simple.

• The diagrid makes the maximum use if the structural material is used.

• When glass material is used with the diagrid, it allows generous amount of light inside the
structure.

• These structures have majorly column free exterior and interior, free and clear, unique floor
plans can be implemented.
Disadvantages of Diagrids
• The major disadvantages of diagrid system are that it is still not completely explored.
• This construction needs a skilled labor and the present crew has no idea or the
experience in installing diagrids.
• As the diagrid completely takes over the aesthetic appearance of the building, the
design is limited only to diagrid.
• The common language of floor to floor design is effected as a single diagrid stacks
over 2 to 6 floors in it.
• Only high rise building can install diagrids.
• If diagrids are not properly designed or installed, it effects the economy and safety of
the structure.
 SITE LAYOUT PLAN

M&E
Building

Main Building
SUBSTRUCTURE

9
 PILE LOAD TEST LAYOUT PLAN

WTP-1 Group

25.6.2015 to 27.6.2015

ULT Pile Group

WTP-2 Group
12.12.2014 to 15.12.2014

15.6.2015 to 17.6.2015
 PILE LOAD TEST
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PILE LOAD TEST PHOTO
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1ST TO 41H LAYER EXCAVATION AND STRUTTING INSTALLATION

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EXCAVATION A N D STRUTTING SECTION
6 .0 6 .9 8 .6 6.0
Steel Structure Installation Work
STEEL COLUMN INSTALLATION WORK

35
TEKLA MODEL FOR STEEL STRUCTURE SHOP DRAWING AND FABRICATION

About 8000 ton

8500 pieces
Dragrid Column – 12 ton
Connection node – 3 ton
Main Building - 30mx60m

6m

10.7m

8.6m

10.7m

Column Layout
 BASEMENT TO GROUND FLOOR

Steel column installation

GF

Anchor Bolt Installation

B1
STEEL COLUMN INSTALLATION
READY FOR INSTALLATION
 13th Floor

Deck sheet Work=95%

 6th Floor
AFTER CASTING CONCRETE
Question?
Thank You!