Chapter1 Well Testing

Well Test Analysis
Lecturer: Wang Fei

Institute of Petroleum Engineering
China University of Petroleum, Beijing
Course Lecturer
Dr. Wang Fei
Education：PhD in Petroleum Engineering,
Heriot-Watt University, UK
Bsc in Petroleum Engineering,
China University of China, Beijing
Experience: Associate Professor,
Institute of Petroleum Engineering,CUPB
Research Area：Unconventional Gas Modeling and Evaluation
Telphone：+86(0)89734593
Email Address: [email protected]　
Office Location: Room 710, Tower A,China Oil Building
Course Contents
• Chapter 1 Introduction to Well Testing

• Chapter 2 Well Testing Basics
• Chapter 3 Drawdown&Buildup Test Ananlysis (Oil)
• Chapter 4 Drawdown&Buildup Test Ananlysis (Gas)
• Chapter 5 Interpretation Models and Diagnostic Plots
• Chapter 6 Numerical Well Testing
References
1. Roland N. Horne, 1995, Modern Well Test Analysis: a
computer-aided approach, 2nd Edition, Palo Alto, CA :
Petroway, Inc., 257 p.
2.John Lee, John B. Rollins, John P. Spivey, 2003,

Pressure Transient Testing, Richardson, Tex. : Society of
Petroleum Engineers, 356 p.
3.Dominique Bourdet, 2002, Well Test Analysis: the use of

advanced interpretation models, 1st Edition, Amsterdam ;
Boston : Elsevier, 426 p.
• https://www.onepetro.org/
Grading Policy
1. Final Score (100%) = Attendance(10%)
+ Quiz (30%)
+ Homework (0%)
+ Final Exam (60%)
【Note】Please do not rely on the final exam (60%)!!!

2. If you are absent for all the classes without writing formal
reasons and permission, you will fail the course.
Introduction to WT
Definition of WT
Well Testing + Testing Data Analysis

Ø Pressure
Ø Rate
Ø Temperature
Definition
WT Operation Process
1.Well test design
2.Run the pressure gauge down to the hole
3.Close the well
4.Draw the pressure gauge out
5.Get the recorded data
6.Well test analysis with a software
Definition of WT
Well Testing + Testing Data Analysis

Ø Pressure
Ø Rate
Ø Temperature
WT: Dynamic Description & Evaluation Metods
Core Analysis: Static
Geology: Static
Geophysics: Static
WT Analysis: Dynamic
Distance of Investigation (WT- R.Scale)
1 cm 1m 1 km
Geology
Sesmic
Static
Core
Logging DOI
WFT
Dynamic
WT
Tracer Test
10-2 m 10-1 m 1m 10 m 102 m 103 m 104 m

Contribution to each stage of Exploration&Production
测试分析内容了解
测试不稳定表皮系压裂裂裂缝性提供气确定储干扰试井控
　储层区块动
储层产能试井解数评价缝长度储层的井生产层的不井评价动态
含油态储量
地层测试释储层钻井完及导流双重介时的湍渗透边储层的储量
实施项目气情评价
压力渗透率井质量能力质参数流系数界分布连通性评价
况
探井DST测试 ★ ★ ☆ ★ ★ 　　　　　　　
勘探井完井测 ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ☆ 　　　　　　
探试
阶详探井的DST
段及完井测试 ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ☆ ☆ 　　　　　
含油气区块 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ □ □ 　　　　　
储量评价
产能试井和
其他不稳定 ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ☆ ☆ ☆ 　
试井
评措施改造　 ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ☆ ★ ☆ 　　　
价试采延长试
阶井　 ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
段
储量核实　 ■ ■ ■ ■ □ ■ 　 ■ ■ 　 ■
开发方案编　 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ □ ■
制
开动态监测　 ★ ☆ ★ ★ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ 　 ★
发
阶
段调整井完井 ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ☆ 　　 ★
★必须实施的项目 ■必须使用的参数 ☆可能实施的项目 □可能使用的参数
Obejectives
Reservoir Evaluation
Reservoir Management
Reservoir Description
or
Exploration well test
Appraisal well test
Production well test

Production Well Test Objectives
• Determine the average reservoir pressure in drainage area
• Determine the near wellbore alteration, i.e. the skin factor
• Estimate the formation characteristics（k，fracture）

Target:
Single-Well (Multiple-Well)
Performance Forcast
Example 1 - Reservoir Evaluation
12 .694 q g  g Z T  1 2 .25 A   g Z Tq g
2
p  p 2
  ln 
 S t   1 .6537  10 4
 ta
R wf
Kh  2
Ah
 2 C A rw 
Reservoir Pressure
Geometry&
Formation Completion Effiency
perporties Drainage Area
Example 2 - Reservoir Description
K1
K2
Example 3 - Near Wellbore Alteration(Damaged or Stimulated)
PD & dPD /dLn(tD /CD )

100
CDe2S>1000 for Damaged well
1000> CDe2S > 5 for Normal well
5> CDe2S>0.5 for Acidized well
10 0.5> CDe2S for Fractured well
0.1
0.01
1E-2 1E-1 1E+0 1E+1 1E+2 1E+3 1E+4 1E+5 1E+6
log(tD /CD )
Example 4 - Near Wellbore Alteration(Damaged or Stimulated)
S=5 S=-3
Xf=100m
Example 5 - Reservoir Boundaries
x
y
压
降
压力恢
复
Example 6 - Reserve/Front Location
PSS R. Reserve
N=10-4 qbSo/(24Ctm)
Oil zone
Waterflooding Front
profile/location Transition Zone
Water zone
Example 6 - Inter-Well Conectivity
Active well
Observation
Inter-Well Information
Pw
q q
t
Types of Well Test
(Production test)
R.Fluid R. Type
(1) Oil Well （1）Homogeneous R. Well Test
(2) Gas Well Test （2）Dual-porosity R. Well Test
(3) Water Well test （3）Dual-permeability R. Well Test
(4) Multiphase Flow Well Test （4）Composite R. Well Test
Well Type Analysis Method

(1)Vertical Well Test
（1）Conventional WT Analysis
(2)Horizantal Well Test
（2）Modern WT Analysis
(3)Fractured Well Test
(4) Directional、Multi-layered Well Test
Examples of Transient Test
Drill-Stem Test (DST)
A drill stem test is a test which uses

a special tool mounted on the end of
the drill string. It is a test commonly
used to test a newly drilled well,
since it can only be carried out while
a rig is over the hole.
A common test sequence is to

produce, shut in, produce again and
shut in again.
Interference Test
• Change the production rate of the active well;
• Monitor the pressure change of the observation well;
• Determine the inter-well permeability and conectivity.
Observation Well
Active Well
Advances in Well Testing
Gauge Developmet History
1920s: spring-tube pressure gauge

1930s: mechanical pressure gauge wildly used
1980s: electronic pressure gauge
1990s- high precision memory electronic
10000
pressure gauge 1000
100
10
1E-4 1E-3 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
Log-Log plot: dp and dp' [psi] vs dt [hr]
0.1
Advances in Well Testing
Analysis Developmet History
Advanced Well Test Analysis
Role of Well Test in Reservoir Engineering
Geological Log
Well Test
Data Data
- Data
Geological Log Well Test

model Model Model
Reservoir
model
How to build a reservoir model?

Role of Well Test in Reservoir Management
Rerservoir Management Multi-Well Studies
Single Well Evaluation Cross Sections
-
Log Analysis Volumetrics
Core Analysis Data Field Production
Decline Analysis Symmetry Studies
Pressure Test Analysis Well Log Traces Field Simulation
Well Performance
Mapping Data
Geological Data
Reservoir Monitoring Core Data
Reports & Plots
Continue Data Collection Production Data
Petrophysical
Compare Actual with Forecast Fluid Contacts Property Maps
Continued Analysis Pressure Data Reserve Estimates
Relative Perm Production Prediction
PVT Data
Action
Drill Well
Complete Well Recommendations
Waterflood Drilling Locations
Convert to Injection Workovers
Gather more data Prod/Inj rates
WT Software
Pansystem, EPS (UK)
Saphir, KAPPA(France)
FAST, Fekete(Canada)
Interpret/2, SSI(US)
WELL-TEST200, Schlumberger(US)
Thank You.

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Well Test Analysis

Lecturer: Wang Fei

• Chapter 1 Introduction to Well Testing

2.John Lee, John B. Rollins, John P. Spivey, 2003,

3.Dominique Bourdet, 2002, Well Test Analysis: the use of

【Note】Please do not rely on the final exam (60%)!!!

Well Testing + Testing Data Analysis

Well Testing + Testing Data Analysis

Core Analysis: Static

10-2 m 10-1 m 1m 10 m 102 m 103 m 104 m

Appraisal well test

Production well test

• Determine the average reservoir pressure in drainage area

• Determine the near wellbore alteration, i.e. the skin factor

• Estimate the formation characteristics（k，fracture）

PD & dPD /dLn(tD /CD )

Well Type Analysis Method

A drill stem test is a test which uses

A common test sequence is to

1920s: spring-tube pressure gauge

pressure gauge 1000

1E-4 1E-3 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000

Log-Log plot: dp and dp' [psi] vs dt [hr]

Geological Log Well Test

How to build a reservoir model?

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