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    Lab Manual 5.3 - LEVEL 2 - Enumeration of Bacteria

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    Kak Nina
    This document outlines a laboratory experiment to quantify E. coli in water samples. The objectives are to quantify E. coli and compare results to drinking water standards. Students will conduct experiments to measure biological parameters of water and analyze/interpret obtained data. They will test water samples from around campus to investigate E. coli presence and identify proper apparatus and procedures. Results will be analyzed against standards to evaluate bacterial contamination levels and suggest methods for reduction.

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    Lab Manual 5.3 - LEVEL 2 - Enumeration of Bacteria

    Uploaded by

    Kak Nina
    78 views2 pages
    This document outlines a laboratory experiment to quantify E. coli in water samples. The objectives are to quantify E. coli and compare results to drinking water standards. Students will conduct experiments to measure biological parameters of water and analyze/interpret obtained data. They will test water samples from around campus to investigate E. coli presence and identify proper apparatus and procedures. Results will be analyzed against standards to evaluate bacterial contamination levels and suggest methods for reduction.

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    Lab Manual 5.3 - LEVEL 2_Enumeration of Bacteria

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    This document outlines a laboratory experiment to quantify E. coli in water samples. The objectives are to quantify E. coli and compare results to drinking water standards. Students will conduct experiments to measure biological parameters of water and analyze/interpret obtained data. They will test water samples from around campus to investigate E. coli presence and identify proper apparatus and procedures. Results will be analyzed against standards to evaluate bacterial contamination levels and suggest methods for reduction.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    78 views2 pages

    Lab Manual 5.3 - LEVEL 2 - Enumeration of Bacteria

    Uploaded by

    Kak Nina
    This document outlines a laboratory experiment to quantify E. coli in water samples. The objectives are to quantify E. coli and compare results to drinking water standards. Students will conduct experiments to measure biological parameters of water and analyze/interpret obtained data. They will test water samples from around campus to investigate E. coli presence and identify proper apparatus and procedures. Results will be analyzed against standards to evaluate bacterial contamination levels and suggest methods for reduction.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

    UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA LABORATORY MANUAL

    COURSE WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY


    COURSE CODE ECW341
    LEVEL OF OPENNESS 2
    CATEGORY PARTIALLY OPEN
    DEGREE OF OPEN ENDED 67%
    PERIOD OF ACTIVITY 1 WEEK
    LAB NO 5.3 MEASUREMENT OF BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF WATER :
    TITLE ENUMERATION OF BACTERIA. E-COLI

    INTRODUCTION

    Coliforms are bacteria that are always present in the digestive tracts of
    animals, including humans, and are found in their wastes. They are also
    found in plant and soil material.

    OBJECTIVES

    At the end of the laboratory activities, students would be able to:

    1. To quantify the presence of E-Coli in water samples.

    2. To compare the results obtained from the experiments with the


    National Drinking Water Standard.

    LEARNING OUTCOMES

    At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

    PREAMBLE 1. Conduct and construct the measurement of biological parameters


    of water laboratory experiment. (CO1 – PO4)
    2. Analyze and interpret the data based on obtained data. (CO2 –
    PO6)

    Theoretical Background

    Water pollution caused by fecal contamination is a serious problem due to


    the potential for contracting diseases from pathogens. The presence of
    pathogens is determined with indirect evidence by testing for an "indicator"
    organism such as coliform bacteria. The most basic test for bacterial
    contamination of a water supply is the test for total coliform bacteria.

    Total coliforms include bacteria that are found in the soil and in water.
    Fecal coliforms are the group of the total coliforms that are considered to
    be present specifically in the feces of warm-blooded animals and human.
    Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the major species in the fecal coliform group
    and is considered to be the species of coliform bacteria that is the best
    indicator of fecal pollution and the possible presence of pathogens.

    ECW341 – WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY Page 1


    FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
    UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA LABORATORY MANUAL

    According to National Primary Drinking Water Regulations USEPA. Not


    more than 5.0% samples should be total coliform-positive (TC-positive) in
    a month. Every sample that has total coliform must be analyzed for either
    fecal coliforms or E. coli . If two consecutive TC-positive samples, and one
    is also positive for E.coli fecal coliforms, system has an acute MCL
    violation.

    According to Drinking Water Quality Standard by MOH Malaysia,


    acceptable value for raw water quality is 5000 MPN / 100 m. Based on this
    requirement, each group is required to investigate the presence of E-Coli
    PROBLEM STATEMENTS
    in one (1) water samples gather from around UiTM to be tested in the lab.
    Each group is required to prepare the required apparatus and procedure
    to carry out the experimental works.

    Each group should be able to identify the correct apparatus for the
    experiment.

    WAYS AND MEANS Each group should be able to search relevant procedures/methods with
    (Refer to Standard Methods for the regard to the intended experimental works to be proposed to the
    Examination of Water and lecturer/instructor prior to doing the experiment for approval.
    Wastewater
    The proposed procedures should consider the availability of the
    apparatus, chemical and materials in the laboratory.

    All data collected and observed during the experiment should be tabulated
    in proper format for easy verification and presentation of the technical
    report.

    1. Tabulate the experimental result in proper format (relevant pictures


    RESULT, ANALYSIS
    and calculations).
    CONCLUSION
    2. Analyse the result based on the standard.
    3. Suggest how the bacteria contamination into raw water system can
    be reduced.
    4. Discuss and conclude the experimental work.

    ECW341 – WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY Page 2

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