Tribhuvan University

Institute of Science and Technology

Central Department of Food Technology
Pre-Board Examination-2076
M. Tech. Food/I Year/I Semester/Science Full Marks: 30
Numerical Methods (MFT 504A) Pass Mark: 15

Time: 2 hours

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.

The figures in the margin indicate the full marks.

Group A

Long Answer Questions. Attempt any TWO questions. (2 ×6.75=13.50)

1. What do you mean by Errors? Write its types. Obtain a second-degree polynomial approximation
1
to f ( x )=( 1+ x ) 2 , x ∈[0,0.1] using the Taylor series expansion to about x=0 . Use the expansion

to approximate f (0.05) and find a bound of the truncation error.

2. Describe methods of least squares and curve fitting. Obtain the least squares polynomial
1
approximation of degree one and two for f ( x )=x 2 in [0,1]

3. Define Richardson’s Extrapolation. Also derive the relation to the repeated extrapolation to the
limit.

Group B

Short Answer Questions. Attempt any FIVE questions. (5 ×3.3=16.50)

4. A real root of the equation f ( x )=x 3−5 x +1=0 lies in the interval (0,1). Perform four iterations
of the secant method and Regula –Falsi method to obtain this root.
5. Solve the following equations using Gaussian elimination method 2x 2+3x3=7; 3x1-2x2+2x3=1;
2x1+3x2-3x3=5.
6. Given the following values of f ( x )=lnx , find the approximate value of f ' (2.0) using linear,

quadratic interpolation and f ' ' (2.0) using quadratic interpolation. Also obtain an upper bound on
the error.

i 0 1 2
Xi 2.0 2.2 2.6
fi 0.69315 0.78846 0.95551
1
dx 1
7. Determine the quadratic formula ∫ f (x)
0 √ x (1−x) ()
=α 1 f ( 0 )+ α 2 f
2
+ α 3 f (1) which is exact

1
dx
for polynomials of highest possible degree, then use the formula to evaluate ∫
0 √ x−x 3
2
2 xdx
8. Evaluate the integral I =∫ using the Gauss-Legendre 1-point, 2-point and 3-point
1 1+ x 4
quadratic rules. Compare the result with exact solution.
dy
9. Apply Picard’s method, solve the equation =2 x − y , given that y=0.9 at x=0 for
dx
x=0.2 , 0.4 , 0.6 .
10. Derive a relation for the solution of Boundary Value Problem for the one-dimensional heat
equation.

Best of Luck!
 Tribhuvan University

Institute of Science and Technology

2076

M. Tech. Food/I Year/I Semester/Science Full Marks: 30

Numerical Methods (MFT.504A) Pass
Mark: 15

Tim
e: 2 hours
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.

The figures in the margin indicate the full marks.

Group “A”

Attempt any TWO questions. (2 ×6.75=13.50)

1. Describe methods of least squares and curve fitting. Obtain the least squares polynomial
1
approximation of degree one and two for f ( x )=x 2 in [0,1]
1
dx
2. Find the approximate value of the integral I =∫ . Using (i) Composite trapezoidal rule with
0 1+ x
2,3,5,9 nodes and Romberg integration. (ii) Composite Simpson’s rule with 3, 5, 9 nodes and
Romberg integration. Obtain the number of function evaluations required to get an accuracy of

10−6 when the integral is evaluated directly by using the Trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule.
3. Derive the formula for the first derivative of y=f (x ) of O(h 2) using (i) forward difference
approximations (ii) backward difference approximations.(iii) central difference approximations

' π π
When f ( x )=sinx , estimate f ( ) with h= using the above formula. Obtain the bounds on
4 12
the truncation error.
Group “B”

Attempt any FIVE questions. (5 ×3.3=16.5)

4. A real root of the equation f ( x )=x 3−5 x +1=0 lies in the interval (0,1).Perform four iterations
of the secant method and Regula –Falsi method to obtain this root.
5. Solve the following equations using Gaussian elimination method 2x2+3x3=7; 3x1-2x2+2x3=1;
2x1+3x2-3x3=5.
6. Construct the divided difference table for the data

x 0.5 1.5 3.5 5.0 6.5 8.0

F(x) 1.625 5.875 31.0 131.0 282.125 521.0
Hence find the interpolating polynomial and an approximation to the value of f (7).
7. Find the least square approximation of second degree for the discrete data.

x -2 -1 0 1 2
F(x) 15 1 1 3 19
 1
dx
8. Evaluate the integral ∫ using Gauss-Legendre three point formulas.
0 1+ x
9. Use the Euler method to solve numerically the initial value problem u' =−2t u 2 , u ( 0 )=1 with

h=0.2 , 0.1and 0.05 on the interval [ 0,1 ] , neglecting the round off errors, determine the bound
for the error.
10. Solve the initial value problem u' =−2t u 2 , u ( 0 )=1 with h=0.2 on the interval [0, 0.4]. Use the

1
fourth order classical Runge –kutta method. Compare it with exact solution u ( t )=
1+t 2
 Tribhuvan University

Institute of Science and Technology

2076

M. Tech. Food/I Year/I Semester/Science Full Marks: 30

Numerical Methods (MFT.504A) Pass
Mark: 15

Tim
e: 2 hours

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.

The figures in the margin indicate the full marks.

Group “A”

Attempt any TWO questions. (2 ×6.75=13.50)

1. What do you mean by Errors? Write its types. Obtain a second degree polynomial approximation
1
to f ( x )=( 1+ x ) 2 , x ∈[0,0.1] using the Taylor series expansion to about x=0 . Use the expansion

to approximate f (0.05) and find a bound of the truncation error.

2. Derive Secant and Regula-Falsi method to solve an equation f ( x )=0. Solve the equation

f ( x )=x 3 + 4 x2 −10=0 in the interval [1,2] by Secant method correct to 3 decimal places.
 3. Derive the linear Newton interpolating polynomial with divided differences. For the following
data, calculate the differences and obtain the forward and backward difference polynomials,
interpolate at x=0.25∧0.35

x 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

F(x) 1.40 1.56 1.76 2.00 2.28
Group-“B”

Attempt any FIVE questions. (5 ×3.3=16.50)

 3 7 2 2 
 3 5 1 0 
 
 6 4 0 5
 
4. Find an LU factorization of A= 
9 5 5 12 

5. Solve the following equations by Gauss Seidel method in third iteration.2x 1+3x2+x3=4;
3x1-2x2-2x3=4; -3x1+8x2+9x3=3
6. Given the following values of f ( x )=lnx , find the approximate value of f ' (2.0) using linear,

quadratic interpolation and f ' ' (2.0) using quadratic interpolation. Also obtain an upper bound on
the error.

i 0 1 2
Xi 2.0 2.2 2.6
fi 0.69315 0.78846 0.95551
1
dx 1
7. Determine the quadratic formula ∫ f ( x )
0 √ x (1−x) ()
=α 1 f ( 0 )+ α 2 f
2
+ α 3 f (1) which is exact

1
dx
for polynomials of highest possible degree, then use the formula to evaluate ∫
0 √ x−x 3
dy
8. Consider the initial value problem =−x y 2, y ( 2 )=1. Using Euler’s method find
dx
approximate value of y (2.2) with step size h=0.05
9. Use Picard’s method to find the approximate value of y when x=0.2, given that

dy
y=1 when x=0 , =x− y , up to 4 places of decimal.
dx
10. Derive a relation for the solution of one dimensional wave equation by the method of separation
of variables.

Tribhuvan University

Institute of Science and Technology

2076
M. Tech. Food/I Year/I Semester/Science Full Marks: 30
Numerical Methods (MFT.504A) Pass
Mark: 15

Tim
e: 2 hours

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.

The figures in the margin indicate the full marks.

Group “A”

Attempt any TWO questions. (2 ×6.75=13.50)

dx
1. Find the approximate value of the integral I =∫ . Using (i) Composite Trapezoidal rule with
1+ x
2, 3, 5, 9 nodes and Romberg integration. (ii) Composite Simpson’s rule with 3, 5, 9 nodes and
Romberg integration. Obtain the number of function evaluations required to get an accuracy of

10−6 when the Trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule.

2. Derive the relation for Gregory-Newton Forward-Backward difference interpolation. Construct

the interpolating polynomial that fits the data using the Gregory-Newton Forward –Backward
difference interpolation.

X 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

F(x) -1.5 -1.27 -0.98 -0.63 -0.22 0.25
3. Define Richardson’s Extrapolation. Also derive the relation to the repeated extrapolation to the
limit.

Group-“B”

Attempt any FIVE questions. (5 ×3.3=16.50)

4. Define Algorithm. Write its important features. Design an algorithm to find the real roots of the

−b+e
equation ax2+bx+c=0; a, b, c real for 10 sets of values of a, b, c using the method, x 1= ,
2a

−b−e
x 2= where e= √ b 2−4 ac
2a
5. Solve the following equations using Gaussian Elimination method x1+2x2+3x3=2; x1+x2-x3=1;
2x1+3x2+2x3=3
6. Construct the divided difference table for the data

x 0.5 1.5 3.0 5.0 6.5 8.0

F(x) 1.625 5.875 31.0 131.0 282.125 521.0
3
7. Obtain a linear polynomial approximation to the function f ( x )=x on the interval [0,1] using the

least squares approximation with W ( x )=1.

2
2 xdx
8. Evaluate the integral I =∫ 4
using the Gauss-Legendre 1-point, 2-point and 3-point
1 1+ x
quadratic rules. Compare the result with exact solution.
dy
9. Apply, Picard’s method, solve the equation =2 x − y , given that y=0.9 at x=0 for
dx
x=0.2 , 0.4 , 0.6 .
10. Derive a relation for the solution of Boundary Value Problem for the one dimensional heat
equation.