QX y y EI Yx Yx VX y X Is The Solution of Homogeneous Differential Equation VX

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Lecture notes: Structural Analysis II

q ( x) k
y IV + 4α 4 ⋅ y = , α =4 .
EI 4 EI
The solution of this differential equation could be expressed as:
y ( x) = y0 ( x) + v( x) ,
where y0 ( x) is the solution of homogeneous differential equation y IV + 4α 4 ⋅ y = 0 , v( x) is a
particular integral corresponding to q(x).

1. Solution of homogeneous differential equation

The characteristic equation of the differential equation under consideration is:


r 4 + 4α 4 = 0 .
After simple transformations this characteristic equation could be presented as:

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
r 4 + 2α 2 = r 4 − i 2 ⋅ 2α 2 = ⎡⎢ r 2 − i ⋅ 2α 2 ⎤⎥ ⎡⎢ r 2 + i ⋅ 2α 2 ⎤⎥ = 0 ,
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦

⎢⎣
2 2
( )
⎡ r + α − i ⋅ 2α − α ⎤ ⎡ r + α + i ⋅ 2α − α ⎤ = 0
2 2
⎥⎦ ⎢⎣
2
( )
2 2 2
⎥⎦
⎡ 2 2
( ) 2 2 2⎤⎡ 2
( )2
⎢⎣ r + α − i ⋅ 2α + i α ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ r + α + i ⋅ 2α + i α ⎥⎦ = 0
2 2 2⎤

⎡ 2 2⎤⎡ 2 2⎤ ⎡ 2 2⎤ ⎡ 2 2⎤
⎢⎣ r + (α − i ⋅ α ) ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢ r + (α + i ⋅ α ) ⎦⎥ = ⎣⎢ r − i (α − i ⋅ α ) ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢ r − i (α + i ⋅ α ) ⎥⎦ = 0
2 2

⎣⎡ r − i (α − i ⋅ α ) ⎦⎤ ⎣⎡ r + i (α − i ⋅ α ) ⎦⎤ ⎣⎡ r − i (α + i ⋅ α ) ⎤⎦ ⎡⎣ r + i (α + i ⋅ α ) ⎤⎦ = 0 ,
wherefrom the roots of the above characteristic equation are:
r1 = (α + i ⋅ α ) , r2 = (α − i ⋅ α ) , r3 = ( −α + i ⋅ α ) , r4 = ( −α − i ⋅ α ) .

The general solution of homogeneous differential equation takes the form:


r1⋅ x r ⋅x r ⋅x r ⋅x
y0 ( x) = A1 ⋅ e + A2 ⋅ e 2 + A3 ⋅ e 3 + A4 ⋅ e 4 ;
y0 ( x) = A1 ⋅ e(
α +i⋅α )⋅x
+ A2 ⋅ e(
α −i⋅α )⋅ x
+ A3 ⋅ e(
−α +i⋅α )⋅x
+ A4 ⋅ e(
−α −i⋅α )⋅x
;
y0 ( x) = A1 ⋅ eα x eiα x + A2 ⋅ eα x e−iα x + A3 ⋅ e−α x eiα x + A4 ⋅ e−α x e−iα x .

Using the well known Euler’s expressions:


eiα x = cos α x + i ⋅ sin α x,
e −iα x = cos α x − i ⋅ sin α x.
the solution takes the form:
y0 ( x) = A1 ⋅ eα x ( cos α x + i ⋅ sin α x ) + A2 ⋅ eα x ( cos α x − i ⋅ sin α x ) + A3 ⋅ e −α x ( cos α x + i ⋅ sin α x ) +
+ A4 ⋅ e −α x ( cos α x − i ⋅ sin α x )
After simple regrouping of the members the expression becomes:
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
−α x ⎢ ⎥
y0 ( x) = e A3 + A4 ) cos α x + ( iA3 − iA4 ) sin α x ⎥ + e ⎢( A1 + A2 ) cos α x + ( iA1 − iA2 ) sin α x ⎥⎥ .
⎢(
αx ⎢





⎢⎣ B1 B2 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ B3 B4 ⎥⎦

2011 S. Parvanova, University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy - Sofia 113

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