Changing Shapes & Structures

in Heavy Nuclei approaching the Proton Drip

Line

David Joss
Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool.

Changing structure of yrast bands in Pt and Os isotopes near N=82

Transition from collective to single-particle structure

in the light Re isotopes

The new proton emitter 159Re

 The Z ≤ 82 Region
Proton Drip Line?

Z=82 Pb
Tl
Hg
Au
Pt
Ir
Os
Re
W
Ta
Hf
Lu
Yb

N=82 Stable N=104

Nuclei
Proton emitter Alpha emitter Beta emitter

2
 The Recoil Decay Tagging Technique

γ Recoil - γ

Counts
176Pt
Counts

Yrast Band

Energy (keV)
Energy (keV)

JUROGAM+RITU+GREAT
experiment at JYFL
J.Simpson, R. Julin et al.,
α – Recoil - γ

Correlate radiation detected at the target

Counts

position with characteristic decays at the

focal plane

3 Energy (keV) 176Hg Yrast Band

 The Z ≤ 82 Region
Proton Drip Line?

Z=82 Pb
Tl
Hg
Au
Pt
Ir
Os Os
Re
W
Ta
Hf
Lu
Yb

N=82 Stable N=104

Nuclei
Proton emitter Alpha emitter Beta emitter

4
5
 The Z ≤ 82 Region
170Pt Proton Drip Line?

Z=82 Pb
163Re Tl
159Re Hg
Au
Pt
Ir
Os
Re
W
Ta
Hf
Lu
Yb

N=82 Stable N=104

Nuclei
Proton emitter Alpha emitter Beta emitter

6 New Isotope
 Shape coexistence near the Z=82 shell closure

E (ħ ω)

GROUND STATE INTRUDER

ε2
(Weakly Deformed) (Well Deformed)

A phenomenon where nuclear Shape coexistence is expected to

configurations at similar excitation occur in transitional regions
energies are built on very different between weakly and strongly
7 deformations. deformed ground states
8
 Shape coexistence in the Os-Pt isotopes: mixed bands

Total Aligned Angular Momentum I x = I(I + 1) − K 2

Ix (h)
Ix (ħ)
25
172Os
20
15
10
5
0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
ħω (MeV)

9
 First observation of excited states in 170Pt made with JUROSPHERE
S.L. King et al., Phys. Lett. B. 443 (1998) 82.

Many γ rays are apparent in the 170Pt α - γ spectrum.

Need coincidences to order γ rays in level scheme.

10
 The GREAT focal plane spectrometer

¾ 200 Channels DSSD (2 x 6cm x 4cm) ¾ Position of recoils/alphas

¾ 28 PIN Diode detectors ¾ e- detection
¾ Segmented Planar Ge (12cm x 6cm) ¾ β & Low energy γ
¾ Segmented Clover Ge (4 x 70% Crystals) ¾γ
¾ Gas detector (MWPC) ¾ TOF & DE/E

11 http://npg.dl.ac.uk/GREAT
 Experimental Details

60Ni + 112Sn → 172Pt* (Ebeam=266 MeV)

Beam current = 5.5 pnA
Seven day experiment.
GREAT spectrometer (DSSD / PIN diodes)

JUROGAM array
(43 Ge detectors) 170Pt

Counts

Rates
Ge (Singles) ~ 4 kHz
Recoil implants ~ 360 Hz
12 Energy (keV)
 Gate

13
 ( )

( )

( )

( )

170Pt

14
 174Pt – J. TM. Goon et al., Phys. Rev. C 70, (2004) 014309.
172Os -J.L.Durell, Phys. Lett. B115, (1982) 367.
15
16
 What is happening to the
yrast states
in 170Pt ?

How is the structure changing?

17
 Structure of Os isotopes near the N=82 Shell Gap

The low spin yrast structure is

expected to be based on
configurations involving the
neutron f7/2 and h9/2 orbitals.

TRS calculations predict near-

spherical shapes (β2 = 0.09).
18
 Alpha-tagged γ-ray singles spectrum

2189 keV

Alpha-tagged
γ- γ
coincidences
(Sum of 199 &
707 keV
transitions
Cross section estimated from
experimental alpha yield as σ ~400 nb
19
 Level excitation energies for Osmium Isotopes

2500
Excitation energy (keV)

( ) E(2+)
2000 ( ) E(4+)
E(6+)
1500 E(8+)
( )

1000
( )
500
162Os
0
84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104

Neutron number

20
 Above N = 86, lower-Z isotones have
lower 8+ energies.
170Pt

There is an inversion to this trend

for N ≤ 86.

8+ States are lowered in

excitation energy at higher
neutron numbers for nuclei
nearest to the closed proton
shell.

162Os
Similar trend observed for the
N=84 isotones.
C.T. Zhang et al.,
Phys. Rev. C54, (1996) R1.

Lowering of neutron h9/2

21 states
 Conclusions for the Pt isotopes

z Yrast band in 172Pt indicates that intruder

configurations may be important in 172Pt.

z The relative position of the neutron h9/2

states are changing near N=82.

z The character of the yrast band in 170Pt might

reflect the single-neutron structure more than
(proton) intruder scenario.

22
II From collective to single-particle configurations in the Re isotopes

75

JUROSPHERE Experiment - from recoil-γγ coincidence matrix

D.T. Joss et al., Phys. Rev. C68 (2003) 4303
23
 Determining the staggering parameter

24
 Staggering in the [514]9/2- bands of odd-A Re isotopes

Gamma Soft - Prolate Shape Transition

25
 Cranked Shell Model Calculations

Bp Signature
splitting
vanishes at
Ap prolate
deformations

26
 RDT of the proton emitter 161Re

bα = 92 %
bp = 8 %

bp = 100 %

27
 K. Lagergren et al., Submitted to Physical Review C.
28
 Summary

•The exploitation of large γ-ray spectrometers with selective

tagging techniques has allowed investigations of nuclei close
to the proton drip line.

• Opportunity to chart the underlying and changing structure

of the sub-lead region approaching the proton drip line and the
closed neutron shell (N=82).

• Exciting possibilities with new instrumentation and tagging

techniques in the future!

29
 Thanks to GAMMAPOOL &
S. Eeckhaudt, T.Grahn, P.T. Greenlees, P.M. Jones, R. Julin,
S. Juutinen, S. Ketelhut, M. Leino, A.-P. Leppänen, M. Nyman,
J. Pakarinen, P. Rahkila, J. Sarén, C. Scholey, A. Steer.
J.Uusitalo, K. Van de Vel & M. Venhart

J. Simpson, C.J. Barton & B. Gomez-Hornillos

R.D. Page, E.S. Paul, L. Bianco, l.G. Darby & J. Thomson

K. Andgren, B. Cederwall, E. Ganioglu, B. Hadinia,

K. Lagergren, M.Sandzelius & R. Wyss.

D. Seweryniak S. Erturk B. Gall

30