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    This document presents an example of using the numerical method of analysis to solve for the steady-state temperature distribution in a three-dimensional solid. Nine equations are written for the nine unknown nodal temperatures at the intersections of a three-by-three mesh in the solid. The equations are solved, yielding the temperatures at each node. Heat flows are then calculated at the boundaries based on the known temperatures and properties. The total heat flow out of the solid is shown to match the heat flow into the solid, validating the solution. Solution techniques for the general system of equations are discussed.

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    w02 PDF

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    This document presents an example of using the numerical method of analysis to solve for the steady-state temperature distribution in a three-dimensional solid. Nine equations are written for the nine unknown nodal temperatures at the intersections of a three-by-three mesh in the solid. The equations are solved, yielding the temperatures at each node. Heat flows are then calculated at the boundaries based on the known temperatures and properties. The total heat flow out of the solid is shown to match the heat flow into the solid, validating the solution. Solution techniques for the general system of equations are discussed.

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    This document presents an example of using the numerical method of analysis to solve for the steady-state temperature distribution in a three-dimensional solid. Nine equations are written for the nine unknown nodal temperatures at the intersections of a three-by-three mesh in the solid. The equations are solved, yielding the temperatures at each node. Heat flows are then calculated at the boundaries based on the known temperatures and properties. The total heat flow out of the solid is shown to match the heat flow into the solid, validating the solution. Solution techniques for the general system of equations are discussed.

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    36 views2 pages

    w02 PDF

    Uploaded by

    AhmedovicMichael
    This document presents an example of using the numerical method of analysis to solve for the steady-state temperature distribution in a three-dimensional solid. Nine equations are written for the nine unknown nodal temperatures at the intersections of a three-by-three mesh in the solid. The equations are solved, yielding the temperatures at each node. Heat flows are then calculated at the boundaries based on the known temperatures and properties. The total heat flow out of the solid is shown to match the heat flow into the solid, validating the solution. Solution techniques for the general system of equations are discussed.

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    hol29362_Ch03 10/14/2008 18:0

    94 3-5 Numerical Method of Analysis

    Figure Example 3-5 Nomenclature for Example 3-5.


    T = 500˚C

    1 2 3

    T = 100˚C
    1m
    4 5 6
    T∞ =
    100˚C

    7 8 9

    1m

    The equations for nodes 3 and 6 are thus written


    2T2 + T6 + 567 − 4.67T3 = 0
    2T5 + T3 + T9 + 67 − 4.67T6 = 0

    The equations for nodes 7 and 8 are given by


    2T4 + T8 + 167 − 4.67T7 = 0
    2T5 + T7 + T9 + 67 − 4.67T8 = 0

    and the equation for node 9 is


    T6 + T8 + 67 − 2.67T9 = 0
    We thus have nine equations and nine unknown nodal temperatures. We shall discuss solution
    techniques shortly, but for now we just list the answers:

    Node Temperature, ◦ C

    1 280.67
    2 330.30
    3 309.38
    4 192.38
    5 231.15
    6 217.19
    7 157.70
    8 184.71
    9 175.62
    The heat flows at the boundaries are computed in two ways: as conduction flows for the 100 and
    500◦ C faces and as convection flows for the other two faces. For the 500◦ C face, the heat flow
    into the face is
     T   
    q= kx = (10) 500 − 280.67 + 500 − 330.30 + (500 − 309.38) 12
    y
    = 4843.4 W/m

    The heat flow out of the 100◦ C face is


     T   
    q= ky = (10) 280.67 − 100 + 192.38 − 100 + (157.70 − 100) 12
    x
    = 3019 W/m

    # 101675 Cust: McGraw-Hill Au: Holman Pg. No.94 K/PMS 293 DESIGN SERVICES OF

    Title: Heat Transfer 10/e Server: Short / Normal / Long


    S4CARLISLE
    Publishing Services
    hol29362_Ch03 10/14/2008 18:0

    CHAPTER 3 Steady-State Conduction—Multiple Dimensions 95

    The convection heat flow out the right face is given by the convection relation
    
    q= hy(T − T∞ )
       
    = (10) 13 309.38 − 100 + 217.19 − 100 + (175.62 − 100) 12

    = 1214.6 W/m

    Finally, the convection heat flow out the bottom face is


    
    q= hx(T − T∞ )
         
    = (10) 13 (100 − 100) 12 + 157.70 − 100 + 184.71 − 100 + (175.62 − 100) 12

    = 600.7 W/m

    The total heat flow out is


    qout = 3019 + 1214.6 + 600.7 = 4834.3 W/m

    This compares favorably with the 4843.4 W/m conducted into the top face. A solution of this
    example using the Excel spreadsheet format is given in Appendix D.

    Solution Techniques
    From the foregoing discussion we have seen that the numerical method is simply a means
    of approximating a continuous temperature distribution with the finite nodal elements. The
    more nodes taken, the closer the approximation; but, of course, more equations mean more
    cumbersome solutions. Fortunately, computers and even programmable calculators have
    the capability to obtain these solutions very quickly.
    In practical problems the selection of a large number of nodes may be unnecessary
    because of uncertainties in boundary conditions. For example, it is not uncommon to have
    uncertainties in h, the convection coefficient, of ±15 to 20 percent.
    The nodal equations may be written as
    a11 T1 + a12 T2 + · · · + a1n Tn = C1
    a21 T1 + a22 T2 + · · · = C2
    a31 T1 + · · · = C3 [3-27]
    ....................................
    an1 T1 + an2 T2 + · · · + ann Tn = Cn

    where T1 , T2 , . . . , Tn are the unknown nodal temperatures. By using the matrix notation
    ⎡C ⎤ ⎡T ⎤
    ⎡a ⎤ 1 1
    11 a12 · · · a1n
    ⎢ C2 ⎥ ⎢ T2 ⎥
    ⎢ a21 a22 · · · ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
    ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ · ⎥ ⎢ · ⎥
    [A] = ⎢ a31 ··· ⎥ [C] = ⎢ ⎥ [T ] = ⎢ ⎥
    ⎣ .................. ⎦ ⎢ · ⎥ ⎢ · ⎥
    ⎣ · ⎦ ⎣ · ⎦
    an1 an2 · · · ann
    Cn Tn

    Equation (3-27) can be expressed as


    [A][T ] = [C] [3-28]

    # 101675 Cust: McGraw-Hill Au: Holman Pg. No.95 K/PMS 293 DESIGN SERVICES OF

    Title: Heat Transfer 10/e Server: Short / Normal / Long


    S4CARLISLE
    Publishing Services

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