NCSCT | April 07-08, 2017 International Journal of Innovative Technology & Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)

PIET, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-6, Issue- NCSCT17, April 2017

Solid Waste Collection and Segregation: A Case

Study of Poornima (Piet) Campus, Jaipur
Vikas Sharma, Amit Sharma, Kunal Singh Sindal

 land. With over 3.8% annual growth in urban population and

Abstract: Solid waste management (SWM) is a worldwide the rapid pace of urbanization, the situation is becoming more
happening. It is a big challenge all over the world and thus a and more problematic with course of time period(5).
global issue. Uncontrolled dumping of waste creates problems to
public health, affects the aesthetics.SWM is an emerging issue of
Infrastructure development is not in a position to keep pace
great concern in INDIA(1) .In India control of generation, with population growth owing to the poor financial health of
storage, collection, transport or transfer, processing and disposal most of the urban local bodies. Solid waste management
of solid waste materials are chaotic and inconsistent. Improper services suffer the most in such a situation. Due to Lack of
management of solid waste (SW) is hazardous to all livings. The scientific advancement, financial resources, institutional
problem of Solid waste management (SWM) is also distressing the
weakness, improper selection of technology and public
urban and greener environment of POORNIMA SANSTHAN.
Therefore the present study was taken to find out the problems apathy to solid waste management has made this service
and prospects of solid waste in one of the campus of Poornima inconsistent and far from satisfactory(6). Solid waste
sansthan i.e. Piet, Jaipur. This paper presents an assessment of management was never taken up seriously either by public or
the existing situation of solid waste management (SWM) in by concerned agency or authorities which made the situation
Poornima campus, Jaipur. In this paper, a detailed investigation pathetic. Due to Rapid urbanization, increasing population
was made regarding present status on generation and utilization
of both non-hazardous and hazardous solid wastes(2) in
levels, booming economy, and the rise in living standards of
Poornima sansthan. It investigated how the system is carried out community have greatly accelerated the municipal solid waste
in campus, the analysis of practices adopted with available generation rate in developing countries like India(7). The
sources, generated quantity, its collection, transportation/transfer, quantity of solid waste generation is mostly influenced with
storage treatment and disposal methods of solid waste in Campus, the economic status of a society.
some obstacles to its success. The data concerning to SWM in
Solid waste and refuse are synonyms that refer to any
Poornima Campus was obtained through questionnaire and
through enquiry. Individual field visit and interaction with people garbage or of a variety of materials that are rejected or
was made. Photographic evidences were taken during discarded as useless. Storage of solid waste at source is
investigation. This study reveals that the present methodology of lacking:- Domestic wastes are being thrown on streets;
SWM in Poornima campus is not satisfactory Solid Waste Trade waste are thrown on roads /
Management. streets; Construction waste are left unattended; Biomedical
Index Terms: Solid Waste Management, Dumping ground, wastes are disposed into municipal waste stream; Industrial
Hazardous and non-hazardous waste, Recycling, disposal, waste often disposed of in open areas(8).
Construction materials, Environmental pollution, Resources
conservation, Greener Environment, Disposal, Paper, Plastic.
Waste minimization is an approach which is used to achieve
waste reduction, primarily through reduction at source, but
I. INTRODUCTION also including recycling and re-use of materials. Waste
minimization has benefits both in prospects of environmental
Solid Waste Management is one of the significant obligatory and financial(9). For proper implementation of waste
management, various aspects have to be considered and many
functions of Urban Local Bodies in India. But this service
challenges are faced such as: Source reduction, Onsite
lacks of desired levels, resulting in imbalance and creates
storage, Collection & transfer, Processing, and Disposal.
problems of health, sanitation and environmental degradation.
Solid waste generation rate is over-riding the population
II. MAGNITUDE OF PROBLEM: INDIAN
growth rate in all mega-cities in India (3). Every year, billions
SCENARIO
of tons of solid wastes are discarded into our environment as
by-products during industrial, mining, municipal, agricultural Waste generation in different cities of India ranges from 250
and other processes (4). Waste is growing by leaps & bounds. gms to 500 gms per capita per day with city population
Urban waste is dumped just beyond city limits on vacant land ranging from l Lac to over 50 Lacs(10). The larger the city,
in villages or besides roads and outskirts, canals, in low lying the higher will be the per-capita waste generation rate.
 Per capita waste generation increasing by 1.3% per
annum
Revised Version Manuscript Received on April 08, 2017.
Vikas Sharma, Department of civil engineering, Poornima institute of  With urban population increasing between 3 – 3.5%
engineering and technology, Jaipur, India, E-mail: per annum
[email protected]  Yearly increase in waste generation is around 5%
Amit Sharma, Department of civil engineering, Poornima institute of
engineering and technology, Jaipur, E-mail: [email protected] annually
Kunal Singh Sindal, Department of civil engineering, Poornima
institute of engineering and technology, Jaipur City, India, E-mail:
[email protected]

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 Solid Waste Collection and Segregation: A Case Study of Poornima (Piet) Campus, Jaipur

 India produces more than 42.0 million tons of Human Resource & Development (MHRD). All the institutes
municipal solid waste annually. are addressed at RIICO institutional area, sitapura, Jaipur.
 In a developing country like India, per capita waste While Poornima College of Engineering (PCE) is the main
generation varies from 250 gm to 600 gm per capita campus of Poornima SANSTHAN (PGC), Poornima
per day. Average generation rate at 0.4 kg per capita Institute of Engineering &Technology PIET, is
per day in 0.10 million plus towns. complementing the track record of PCE. PIET is acting as
center for all major activities of the PGC. Gorged with
The status of solid waste generation in India (Million modern education infrastructure and greener environment, the
tones /year):- institutions of Poornima Group of Colleges are Spread over 1
million square meter of constructed area consists of thirteen
boys hostel, six girls hostel, academic section, and residential
section for faculty, currently with approximate 6,000 peoples
residing in this campus.
The management of SW is going through a pathetic phase,
due to lack of technical expertise, lack of community
participation, the unavailability of suitable facilities to treat
and dispose of the larger amount of SW generated daily.
Various Anthropogenic activities in campus generate large
amount of wastes which are having heterogeneous
characteristics posing a problem for their disposal and further
lead to complexity in recycling and utilization. Improper
disposal spread various diseases as it breeds flies, mosquitoes,
rats and creates unhygienic condition for living.
B. Aims of Study:-
#fig 1.0, (reference) - source: (Volume 42, Issue 6, June
2007, Pages 2311–2320) Following are different objectives of my study on solid waste
management in the Poornima Campus (Piet)
 Assessment of waste quantity.
III. IMPACTS OF WASTE IF NOT MANAGED
WISELY  Assessment of existing practices of storage,
collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal
• Affects our health activities.
• Socio-economic conditions are affected
 Review of status with regard to existing legislation
• Our coastal and marine environment is affected
or rules.
• Affects climate
 To study financial and institutional aspects.
• GHGs are accumulating in atmosphere of earth as a
 To analysis or characterize the waste generated and
result of human activities, causing rise to
source of waste generation in Poornima sansthan.
subsurface ocean temperature and global mean
 To study the current management of solid waste of
surface air temperature
campus and describe, it is enough?
• Sea levels are expected to rise due to Rising
global temperatures and also affecting other local  To key out the solid waste management practices
climate conditions. adopted or existing in campus.
• Chang in regional climates could alter forests, crop  To suggest some better alternatives/practices or
yields, and water supplies. indicative strategies and guidelines to run the waste
• This is also affecting human health, animals, and management efficiently in Poornima campus.
many types of ecosystems.  To examine how Poornima regulates and polices the
• Deserts could be expanded into existing rangelands, disposal of solid waste.
and features of some of our national parks might  To collect information on who carries out regulation
be permanently altered or damaged. in campus in regard to the disposal of solid waste.

A. Poornima Sansthan
C. Layout of Survey Strategy:-
Poornima Sansthan is composed of four institutions of
repute (1) Poornima Institute of Engineering & Technology  Campus visit and mapping the area required for
(PIET established 2007), (2) Poornima College of examine.
Engineering (PCE established 2000), (3) Poornima School of  Collection of information regarding
Management (PSOM established 2007) and (4) Poornima o Various sections of campus (from institute
Group of Institution (PGI established 2009). Poornima admin).
sansthan was established by Shanti Education Society in the o Their size and location (by visit).
year 2000. All Poornima institutions are united to Rajasthan o Visiting the campus properly.
Technical University (RTU) and are approved by All India
Council of Technical Education (AICTE) & Ministry of

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NCSCT | April 07-08, 2017 International Journal of Innovative Technology & Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)
PIET, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-6, Issue- NCSCT17, April 2017

 Division of campus into different zones according to

my purpose of study.
o Departmental area and academic.
o Residential area
o Hostels
o Messes
 Gather the information about the staff for solid waste
management (by enquiry/questioner).
 Compile information or data’s about solid waste
management activities in campus through
o Questionnaire with staff for SWM
o Individual field visit and,
o Questionnaire with residing peoples Fig.1 (a) Bin with poly
Observations:- Fig.1 (b) Packed poly
 Sample gathering and study the waste by Mr. Vinod Sharma is a senior supervisor forbag
bag the management
o Visual method of solid waste generated in the Poornima Campus. His
o Grid method administration has been divided Campus in to three zones
o Weigh and sort method Academic section and residential area, Boys hostel
(Gurushikhar).In this campus (Piet) there is different source
 Analysis of observation
area that generates the waste of different type such as Metal,
 Result and discussion Glass, Dust, Textile, Leather, food waste, Plastics, Paper, Tin,
 Significance and innovation Rubber and Garden Trimming etc. shown in table 2
 Conclusion and suggestion
Table 2: Major Sources of SW Generation in Piet
Campus
D. Sample collection and analysis:-
S.N. Source Type of Waste
Single-case exploratory case study was undertaken, as the Food, Plastics, Paper, Tin, Rubber,
strategy of inquiry for conducting the qualitative research. 1 Residential Metal, Glass, Dust, Textile,
The case study strategy allowed exploration of the solid waste Leather, Garden Trimming.
management system in Piet campus in detail. The gathering of Glass, Paper, Tin, Plastic, Leather,
detailed information using a variety of data collection 2 Hostel
Dust, Cardboard.
procedures which allows proper examine of solid waste Paper, Plastic, Cardboard, Dust,
management system in an urban environmental setting. The 3 Academics
Garden Trimming.
study involved “who”, “how” and “why” questions and the 4 Mess Food, Tin, Plastic, Paper, and Dust.
researcher had no control over the behavioral events, 5 Road Side Glass, Plastic, Paper, Wood.
characteristics that make a case study strategy suitable. Since
the information have been collected from various sources & From the visit it was observed that:-
transcribed the data was classified according to the contents.
 Segregation of solid waste is not carried out neither
The properly organized data was then overviewed to obtain a
at source nor at dumping ground.
general sense of emerging trends, concepts and patterns(11).
 Site lacks waste measuring system.
From bins, the solid waste from the different random site was
 Burning of Solid waste in open area was observed,
collected provided by existing system of waste management.
polluting the air.
For the purpose of collection of sample I put some large poly
(plastic) bags in the bins selected for collection of sample,  No. of sweepers required is insufficient.
hence the sample was collected in these poly bags. After that,
the sample was taken out and weight of that bag is analyzed.
Then the trash is taken out from these bags and classified in to IV. COLLECTION SYSTEM
different categories and weighted for measurement of Collection of waste is a part of the process of waste
composition of particular type of waste. Also for the management system. This process involves the transfer of
measurement of the quantity of road side waste, I take survey solid waste from the point of use or generation and disposal to
of the area of waste deposition and area is calculated (by using the point of treatment. Collection of waste also includes the
GIS software) where the waste is spread. Then some sample curb side collection of recyclable materials that technically
collection is obtained from the site and the sample of waste is are not waste products but are usable by undergoing recycle
collected randomly from these areas measuring one meter of process. The solid waste is collected from various sources by
one meter sample area size. After which whole area is different methods. The solid waste management activity in
collected with the mean of the sample collected. Poornima campus constitute of wastes generator throwing the
waste into the different types of bins provided by the
Poornima waste management system at different locations.
The road and drain waste are sweep by the sweeper and are
transferred into the bins.

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 Solid Waste Collection and Segregation: A Case Study of Poornima (Piet) Campus, Jaipur

There are 180 dust bins of different types comprises of A. Transportation

80Small rectangular plastic bin, 90plastic cylindrical bin and Transportation of waste shall be done on a regular basis
10 cement concrete are placed in Piet campus shown in2(a) before the temporary waste-storage containers start
and 2(b). Hence, three types of dust bins are used. These are over-flowing. Institutional arrangements are inefficient.
plastic cylindrical bin of volume 0.229 m3, Cement Concrete There is lack of professionalism in administration in this
Bins are of volume near about 2 m3, and small rectangular service, resulting in poor levels of service. Transportation of
plastic bin of volume 0.203m3. Time for collection of waste is solid waste collected to larger bins or poly bags by sweepers
crucial part and is very significant. Waste collection from is carried out properly by employing tractor-trailers, three
these dust bins is so planned in accordance with frequency of wheelers at each day. Lifting of garbage is done manually.
container becoming full by the sweepers and are placed to the The trash which is collected from the roads and bins is
larger cemented bins constructed at different locations which directly transported to the final dumping site. The refuse
is finally collected by the tractor each day. In the Piet campus vehicles containing waste have to be travel outside the
one senior supervisor, 4 supervisor’s and 22 sweepers are Poornima campus at a particular dumping site for proper
currently working for the Purpose of solid waste management dumping process or the collected waste are dumped in the
and cleaning which is further explained by chart in fig2(c). lower region of campus for filling this lower region to bring it
Deficiencies observed in the storage and collection of in level. The tractors carrying waste matter are not covered or
Solid waste management:- are partially covered during the journey and waste tends to
 Sweeping and collection implementation are poorly spill on the roads and outskirt area. Also sweepers or workers
designed and executed. are not provided with protective hand gloves and shoes so
 Dustbins are not emptied at regular intervals. they are directly expose to the waste. Emphasis should be laid
 RCC bins and metallic containers are busted or on protective measures which are necessary to avoid
cracked in campus. contracting skin allergies and respiratory diseases or health
 Scattered heavy bulk of waste causes choking of hazards due to direct physical contact. The loading and
drains. unloading of waste matter is done by manpower (manual
 The number of bins is insufficient and inadequate. loading). Time for collection of waste is irregular. Many times
 No separate bins for collection of litter. waste resides in campus for longer time due to sweeper or
management carelessness. More flexibility in system is
required (12).
B. Characteristics of Solid Waste
The characteristics of solid waste vary from place to place.
Factors that influence its amount and compositions are the
different activity areas for waste materials. The composition
of solid waste of Poornima campus is given in Table3:-
Table 3: Composition of Solid Waste Generated In Piet
Academic Area per Day
TYPE OF CALCULATE
S.N PERCENTAGE
Fig 2(a) Small rectangular plastic bin and Plastic WASTE D AMOUNT
Cylindrical bin. FOOD
1 0KG 0%
WASTE
2 PLASTIC 36KG 14%
3 PAPER 43KG 17%
4 GLASS 27KG 11%
CARDBOAR
5 15KG 6%
D
6 LEATHER 15KG 6%
7 DUST 21KG 9%
GARDEN
8 28KG 11%
TRIMMING
Fig2 (b) cement made bin for disposal in Piet campus 9 TIN 10KG 4%
10 WOOD 33KG 13%
11 METAL 22KG 9%
TOTAL 250KG 100.00%

Fig2(c) Flow Chart of Staff Engaged In Solid Waste

Management in Piet campus
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NCSCT | April 07-08, 2017 International Journal of Innovative Technology & Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)
PIET, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-6, Issue- NCSCT17, April 2017

4 GLASS 18KG 12%

CARDBO
5 11KG 7%
ARD
LEATHE
6 14KG 9%
R
7 DUST 16KG 11%
GARDEN
8 TRIMMI 7KG 5%
NG
9 TIN 7KG 5%
10 WOOD 14KG 9%
11 METAL 3KG 2%
TOTAL 150KG 100%

Fig3: composition of waste in academic area.

Table 4: Composition OS Solid Waste Generated In
Residential Area of Piet Campus per Day
Table 3: RHA Sampling
TYPE OF CALCULATE
S.N PERCENTAGE
WASTE D AMOUNT
FOOD
1 62KG 31%
WASTE
2 PLASTIC 23KG 12%
3 PAPER 20KG 10%
4 GLASS 14KG 7%
CARDBOA
5 6KG 3%
RD
6 LEATHER 4KG 2%
7 DUST 9KG 5% Fig5: composition of waste in hostel area.
GARDEN
8 36KG 18% TABLE 6: Composition of Solid Waste Generated In
TRIMMING
9 TIN 5KG 2% Mess and Canteen of Piet Campus per Day
10 WOOD 7KG 3% TYPE OF CALCULATED
11 METAL 14KG 7% S.N PERCENTAGE
WASTE AMOUNT
TOTAL 200KG 100.00%
FOOD
1 44KG 44%
WASTE
2 PLASTIC 21KG 21%
3 PAPER 19KG 19%
4 GLASS 4KG 4%
CARDBOA
5 - 0%
RD
6 LEATHER - 0%
7 DUST 10KG 10%
GARDEN
8 - 0%
TRIMMING
9 TIN 1KG 1%
Fig4: composition of waste in residential area.
10 WOOD - 0%
Table 5: Composition of Solid Waste Generated In
Hostels of Piet Campus per Day 11 METAL 1KG 1%
TYPE OF CALCULATED TOTAL 100KG 100.00%
S.N PERCENTAGE
WASTE AMOUNT
FOOD
1 20KG 13%
WASTE
2 PLASTIC 24KG 16%
3 PAPER 16KG 11%
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 Solid Waste Collection and Segregation: A Case Study of Poornima (Piet) Campus, Jaipur

transportation system, and further processing of waste. Some

waste Management Options according to the Strategy:-
• Waste reduction at source
• Reuse
• Recycling
• Composting
• Resource recovery
• Vermi composting
• Anaerobic Digestion
• Waste Incineration
• Other methods for treatment of waste
• Waste disposal
Concerns of this study are:-
1. To know the seriousness of the problems associated with
Fig6: composition of waste in mess and canteen. the disposal of hazardous waste in Poornima campus?
2. Who actually perform environmental law enforcement in
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION the area of solid waste disposal and under what legislative
Approximately 25 plastic poly bags from bins are generated parameters?
daily in the campus containing paper, plastic, dust or domestic 3. To know how environmental law enforcement of solid
trash, each having 4kg refuse. Waste generation rates works waste disposal carried out?
out to be 0.25 Kg per capita per day. 200kg/day waste is
generated from the residential area; approx100kg is obtained
from mess activities, 150 kg from hostel and250 kg from
academic region which lead to the total 750 kg solid waste per
day.
Along with this additional 200 kg waste is also estimated as
road side deposited solid waste and at building site that is not
collected by any collection system and is burned openly on
ground which is illegal and is subject to prosecution.
The above generated waste can be controlled if the waste
collection efficiency is increased and also if the general public
is made aware of the issue and harmful impacts of the
practice. Piet campus should achieve higher percentages of
recycling and produce high quality compost from organics
which could be used in campus garden. Proper provisions
should be made to handle the non-recyclable wastes that are
generated and make a sustainity in the future. Campus should
choose following options or a combination of them, which are
 Best address the issue of overall solid waste
Fig7: waste near Piet campus
management
 Have the least impact on public health and B. Suggestions
environment 1) Laid emphasis on three bin system different for
Table 7: Different Waste Generating Places in Campus biodegradable waste, recyclable waste and deposition waste.
2) Use of Trolleys for the waste collection at road side and
QUANTITY OF collection of residential waste.
S.N SOURCE AREA
WASTE 3) Provide dustbins at various locations along side of road for
1 RESIDENTIAL 200KG waste collection at road side.
2 MESS 100KG 4) Use the biodegradable waste for the land filling or as vermi
3 ACADEMICS 250KG composting which can further be used in Poornima campus.
HOSTEL 150 5) To create divisions in cemented Bins for separated disposal
4
TOTAL 700KG of different type of waste at the source level.
5 ROAD SIDE* 200KG 6) Manage the waste on-site where possible (treatment).
*NOT INCLUDED IN TOTAL QUANTITY OF WASTE 7) Ensure that off-site disposers are handling wastes properly
GENERATED IN CAMPUS and they present no unnecessary liabilities.
Sweepers are suggested to segregate the different type of
refuse at the collection site before final transfer for the
A. Significance and Innovation
disposal.
The solid waste management strategy would help in Waste
minimization by adopting different treatments, proper
disposal of waste, and improvement in collection,

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NCSCT | April 07-08, 2017 International Journal of Innovative Technology & Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)
PIET, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-6, Issue- NCSCT17, April 2017

would provide better opportunities and options for scientific

disposal of waste. The bio degradable waste matter could be
disposed off by aerobic composting or by anaerobic digestion
or by sanitary land filling option.
A better management for recyclable and biodegradable waste
matter utilization gives the option to reduce the waste disposal
up to high percentage. The scientific advancement in the
recycling of wastes will lead to a better usage of available
resources
Very little focus is laid on control mechanisms of solid waste
management which is adversely affecting the safety, health
and the environment of smart city.
 Regulations for SWM are not properly implemented
Fig8: Waste hierarchy:- and SWM seems considered of low priority
 Sometimes wastes generated from campus are highly
C. Recommendations for Further Study hazardous which are treated as very ordinary and
The case study provided many opportunities for learning normal trash.
about the logistics of field Research. This study provides a  Rising number of illegal dumpsites, landfills and the
broad approach of how solid waste management works in much uncollected waste near to campus poses
Poornima campus, Jaipur, what are the obstacles to its serious health hazards.
implementation and how they are addressed, and surrounding  Student participation in SWM, also have positive
issues with the various players involved in the management. contributory role.
There are further more options for expanding and delving  Reduce, reuse, and recycle (3R) should be promoted
deeper into the subject of solid waste management. The case in campus.
study is for Piet campus, hence further more study could be
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Solid Waste Collection and Segregation: A Case Study of Poornima (Piet) Campus, Jaipur

Fig 9: Map of Poornima Sansthan (PGC)

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