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    Pediatric Nursing - Respiratory Disorders

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    hasan ahmd
    This document contains multiple choice questions about various respiratory conditions that may affect children, including cystic fibrosis, asthma, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and epiglottitis. It also addresses appropriate treatments, risk factors, nursing assessments, and teaching points for parents. The questions cover topics such as common symptoms, medications used to treat specific conditions, emergency situations, cultural considerations, and safety practices for procedures.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Pediatric Nursing - Respiratory Disorders

    Uploaded by

    hasan ahmd
    240 views9 pages
    This document contains multiple choice questions about various respiratory conditions that may affect children, including cystic fibrosis, asthma, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and epiglottitis. It also addresses appropriate treatments, risk factors, nursing assessments, and teaching points for parents. The questions cover topics such as common symptoms, medications used to treat specific conditions, emergency situations, cultural considerations, and safety practices for procedures.

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    Pediatric Nursing- Respiratory Disorders

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    This document contains multiple choice questions about various respiratory conditions that may affect children, including cystic fibrosis, asthma, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and epiglottitis. It also addresses appropriate treatments, risk factors, nursing assessments, and teaching points for parents. The questions cover topics such as common symptoms, medications used to treat specific conditions, emergency situations, cultural considerations, and safety practices for procedures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    240 views9 pages

    Pediatric Nursing - Respiratory Disorders

    Uploaded by

    hasan ahmd
    This document contains multiple choice questions about various respiratory conditions that may affect children, including cystic fibrosis, asthma, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and epiglottitis. It also addresses appropriate treatments, risk factors, nursing assessments, and teaching points for parents. The questions cover topics such as common symptoms, medications used to treat specific conditions, emergency situations, cultural considerations, and safety practices for procedures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 9
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    The passage discusses various respiratory conditions that can affect children like cystic fibrosis, asthma, pneumonia and their appropriate treatment and care plans. It also talks about conditions like SIDS, bronchiolitis and epiglottitis.

    Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is usually the cause of bronchiolitis in children.

    Epiglottitis is primarily caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib). The administration of the Hib vaccine has decreased the incidence of epiglottitis.

    1. Betty is a 9-year-old girl diagnosed with cystic fibrosis.

    Which of the following


    must Nurse Archie keep in mind when developing a care plan for the child?

    A. Pulmonary secretions are abnormally thick.


    B. Elevated levels of potassium are found in the sweat.
    C. CF is an autosomal dominant hereditary disorder.
    D. Obstruction of the endocrine glands occurs.

    2. Veronica’s parents were told that their daughter needs ribavirin (Virazole).


    This drug is used to treat which of the following?

    A. Cystic fibrosis
    B. Otitis media
    C. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
    D. Bronchitis

    3. Beta-adrenergic agonists such as albuterol are given to Reggie, a child


    with asthma. Such drugs are administered primarily to do which of the
    following?

    A. Dilate the bronchioles


    B. Reduce secondary infections
    C. Decrease postnasal drip
    D. Reduce airway inflammation

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    4. Alice is rushed to the emergency department during an acute, severe
    prolonged asthma attack and is unresponsive to usual treatment. The condition
    is referred to as which of the following?

    A. Status asthmaticus
    B. Reactive airway disease
    C. Intrinsic asthma
    D. Extrinsic asthma

    5. Which of the following infants is least probable to develop sudden infant


    death syndrome (SIDS)?

    A. Baby Angela who was premature


    B. A sibling of Baby Angie who died of SIDS
    C. Baby Gabriel with prenatal drug exposure
    D. Baby Gabby who sleeps on his back

    6. Fred is a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with pneumococcal pneumonia. Which of


    the following would Nurse Nica expect to assess?

    A. Mild cough
    B. Slight fever
    C. Chest pain
    D. Bulging fontanel

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    7. Baby Melody is a neonate who has a very low-birth-weight. Nurse Josie
    carefully monitors inspiratory pressure and oxygen (O2) concentration to
    prevent which of the following? 

    A. Meconium aspiration syndrome
    B. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
    C. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
    D. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

    8. Archie who weighs 44 lb has been given an order for amoxicillin 500 mg b.i.d.
    The drug text notes that the daily dose of amoxicillin is 50 mg/kg/day in two
    divided doses. What dose in milligrams is safest for this child?
    A. 1000 mg
    B. 750 mg
    C. 500 mg
    D. 250 mg

    9. The Andrews family has been taking good care of their youngest, Archie, who
    was diagnosed with asthma. Which of the following statements indicate a need
    for further home care teaching?

    A. “He should increase his fluid intake regularly to thin secretions.”


    B. “We’ll make sure that he avoids exercise to prevent attacks.”
    C. “He is to use his bronchodilator inhaler before the steroid inhaler.”
    D. “We need to identify what things trigger his attacks.”

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    10. Which of the following instructions should Nurse Cheryl include in her
    teaching plan for the parents of Reggie with otitis media?

    A. Placing the child in the supine position to bottle-feed


    B. Giving prescribed amoxicillin (Amoxil) on an empty stomach
    C. Cleaning the inside of the ear canals with cotton swabs
    D. Avoiding contact with people who have upper respiratory tract infections

    11. Immunization of children with Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine


    decreases the incidence of which of the following conditions?

    A. Bronchiolitis
    B. Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)
    C. Epiglottitis
    D. Pneumonia
    12. Which of the following respiratory conditions is always considered a medical
    emergency?

    A. Asthma
    B. Cystic fibrosis (CF)
    C. Epiglottiditis
    D. Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)

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    13. When assessing a child’s cultural background, the nurse in charge should
    keep in mind that:

    A. Heritage dictates a group’s shared values


    B. Physical characteristics mark the child as part of a particular culture
    C. Cultural background usually has little bearing on a family’s health practices
    D. Behavioral patterns are passed from one generation to the next

    14. Which of the following is the best method for performing a physical


    examination on a toddler

    A. From head to toe


    B. Distally to proximally
    C. From abdomen to toes, the to head
    D. From least to most intrusive

    15. Nurse Veronica is teaching a group of parents about otitis media. When


    discussing why children are predisposed to this disorder, the nurse should
    mention the significance of which anatomical feature?

    A. Nasopharynx
    B. Eustachian tubes
    C. External ear canal
    D. Tympanic membrane

    Answers and Rationale

    1. Answer: A. Pulmonary secretions are abnormally thick.

     A: CF is identified by abnormally thick pulmonary secretions.


     B: Diagnosis of CF is based on elevated chloride levels detected in sweat.
     C: It is a chronic, inherited disorder, particularly an autosomal recessive
    hereditary disorder concerning the exocrine, not endocrine glands.
     D: The thick mucus blocks the exocrine glands.

    2. Answer: C. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

     C: Ribavirin is an antiviral medication used for treating RSV infection and


    for children with RSV who are compromised (such as children with
    bronchopulmonary dysplasia or heart disease).
     A,B,D: The drug is not used to treat bronchiolitis, otitis media, or CF.

    3. Answer: A. Dilate the bronchioles

     A: Beta-adrenergic agonists, such as albuterol, are highly effective


    bronchodilators and are used to dilate the narrow airways associated
    with asthma.
     B: Antibiotics are used to prevent secondary infection.
     C: Decongestants may be given to decrease postnasal drip.
     D: Corticosteroids may be used for their anti-inflammatory effect.

    4. Answer: A. Status asthmaticus


     A: Status asthmaticus is an acute, prolonged, severe asthma attack that
    is unresponsive to usual treatment. Typically, the child requires
    hospitalization.
     B: Reactive airway disease is another general term for asthma.
     C: Intrinsic is a term used to denote internal precipitating factors, such as
    viruses.
     D: Extrinsic is a term used to denote external precipitating factors, such
    as allergens.

    5. Answer: D. Baby Gabby who sleeps on his back

     D: Infants who sleep on their back are least likely to develop SIDS.


    However, SIDS has been associated with infants who sleep on their
    abdomens.
     A,B,C: Being premature, having a sibling who died of SIDS, and being
    prenatally exposed to drugs all place the infant at high risk for
    developing SIDS.

    6. Answer: C. Chest pain

     C: Older children with pneumococcal pneumonia may complain of chest


    pain.
     A,B: A mild cough and slight fever are commonly assessed with viral
    pneumonia.
     D: A bulging fontanel may be seen in infants with meningitis or increased
    intracranial pressure.

    7. Answer: B. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)

     B: Close monitoring of inspiratory pressure and O2 concentration is


    necessary to prevent BPD, which is related to the use of high inspiratory
    pressures and O2concentrations especially in very low-birth-weight and
    extremely low-birth-weight neonates with lung disorders.
     A: Meconium aspiration syndrome is a respiratory disorder created by
    the aspiration of meconium in perinatal period.
     C: RSV is a group of viruses that cause respiratory tract infections, such
    as bronchiolitis and pneumonia.
     D: RDS, a disorder caused by lack of surfactant, usually is found in
    premature neonates.

    8. Answer: C. 500 mg

     C: First, calculate the child’s weight in kg: 44/2.2 = 20 kg. Then calculate
    the appropriate daily dose according to the drug text: 50 mg/kg/day = 50
    mg x 20 kg = 1,000 mg/day. the abbreviation b.i.d. means twice daily;
    therefore 1,000 divided by 2 equals 500 mg.

    9. Answer: B. “We’ll make sure that he avoids exercise to prevent attacks.”

     B: Additional teaching is needed if the family states that the child with
    asthma should avoid exercise to prevent attacks. Children with asthma
    should be encouraged to exercise as tolerated.
     A,C,D: Identifying triggers, using a bronchodilator inhaler before a
    steroid inhaler, and increasing fluid intake are appropriate measures to
    be included in a home care teaching program for the child with asthma
    and his family.

    10. Answer: D. Avoiding contact with people who have upper respiratory tract
    infections

     D: Otitis media is commonly precipitated by an upper respiratory tract


    infection. Therefore, children prone to otitis should avoid people known
    to have an upper respiratory tract infection.
     A: A bottle-fed child should be fed in an upright position because feeding
    the child in the supine position may actually precipitate otitis by allowing
    the formula to pool in the pharyngeal cavity.
     B: Amoxicillin, when prescribed, should be given with food to prevent
    stomach upset.
     C: Cotton swabs can cause injuries such as tympanic perforation. They
    may be used to clean the outer ear, but they should never be inserted
    into the ear canal.

    11. Answer: C. Epiglottitis

     C: Epiglottitis is a bacterial infection of the epiglottis primarily caused by


    Hib. Administration of the vaccine has decreased the incidence of
    epiglottitis.
     A: Bronchiolitis is usually caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV).
     B: Acute LTB is of viral origin.
     D: The most common bacterial organisms causing pneumonia in children
    are pneumococci, streptococci, and staphylococci.

    12. Answer: C. Epiglottiditis

     C: Epiglottiditis, acute and severe inflammation of the epiglottis, is


    always considered an acute medical emergency because it can lead to
    acute, life-threatening airway obstruction.
     A: Asthma is a chronic disease; however, status asthmaticus and acute
    attacks require prompt treatment.
     B: CF is a chronic disease and is not considered an emergency.
     D: Acute LTB requires close observation for airway obstruction, but this
    condition is not always an emergency.

    13. Answer: D. Behavioral patterns are passed from one generation to the next

     D: A family’s behavioral patterns and values are passed from one
    generation to the next.
     A: Although heritage plays a role in culture, it does not dictate a group’s
    shared values and its effect on culture is weaker than that of behavioral
    patterns.
     B: Physical characteristics do not indicate a child’s culture.
     C: Cultural background commonly plays a major role in determining a
    family’s health practices.

    14. Answer: Answer: D. From least to most intrusive

     D: When examining a toddler or any small child, the best way to perform
    the exam is from least to most intrusive.
     A: Starting at the head or abdomen is intrusive and should be avoided.
     B: Proceeding from distal to proximal is inappropriate at any age.

    15. Answer: B. Eustachian tubes

     B: In a child, Eustachian tubes are short and lie in a horizontal plane,
    promoting entry of nasopharyngeal secretions into the tubes and thus
    setting the stage for otitis media.
     A,C,D: The nasopharynx, tympanic membrane, external ear canal have
    no unusual features that would predispose a child to otitis media.

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