Gear Equations

Sample Gear Equations
N  inv TPA  inv e    w

NCTT  
e NDP co s NPA
tan e
(Line of Action) Ng  Np  fo r external set
C
Degrees of Roll 2  TDP  fo r internal set
inv e
Base Circle
e
  PD
Lead 
tan HA
By: Wayne Martin
1 Gear School / Gear Equations

Session Overview
Definition of Terms
Standard Proportional Systems
General Gear Formulas
Mathematics Behind the Involute
Gear Calculation Software

Definition and Abbreviation of Terms
ADD Addendum
BD Base circle Diameter
BHA Base Helix Angle (Helix angle of teeth at the base diameter)
BP Base Pitch (Circular pitch of teeth at the base diameter)
C Theoretical Center Distance
c Actual Center Distance
CP Circular Pitch of Teeth at PD
DP Diametral Pitch
HA Helix Angle of Teeth at PD
ID Inside Diameter (or Minor Diameter) of an Internal Gear
N Number of Teeth
Ng Number of Teeth in Gear
Np Number of Teeth in Pinion

NBP Normal Base Pitch

NCP Normal Circular Pitch
NDP Normal Diametral Pitch
NPA Normal Pressure Angle
NCTT Normal Circular Tooth Thickness at PD
mn Normal Module (in mm)
mt Transverse Module (in mm)
OD Outside Diameter of External Gear
PA Pressure Angle at PD
PD Theoretical Pitch Diameter, (Reference Diameter) = N / TDP
PDg Pitch Diameter of the Gear
PDp Pitch Diameter of the Pinion

RD Root Diameter
SAP Start of Active Profile Diameter
TBP Transverse Base Pitch
TCP Transverse Circular Pitch at P.D.
TCTT Transverse Circular Tooth Thickness at the Pitch Diameter
TCTTBD Transverse Circular Tooth Thickness at the Base Diameter
TDP Transverse Diametral Pitch
TPA Transverse Pressure Angle at PD
TR Tip Radius (on the tip of a hob tooth)
WD Whole Depth
p Pi, ratio of a circle circumference to its diameter (3.141593)

Graphic View of Terms
Circular Pitch
Cir. T.T.
Base Pitch
Addendum
Whole Depth
Line of Action
Dedendum
Root Diameter or Minor Diameter

Pitc
h D Base Diameter
Ou iam
t
Ma side D eter
jor
Dia iamet
me e
ter r or

Normal vs. Transverse Dimensions

For Hobbed Gears - Full Depth
System PA ADD WD TR
ASA 14.5° & 20° 1 / DP 2.157 / DP .157 / DP
AGMA 20° 1 / DP 2.250 / DP .300 / DP
DIN 20° 1 x mn 2.250 x mn .300 x mn
AGMA Fine Pitch 20° 1 / DP 2.200 / DP .157 / DP

(20 DP & Finer) + .002
Full Round Bottom 14.5° 1 / DP 2.440 / DP .534 / DP

20° 1 / DP 2.335 / DP .427 / DP
25° 1 / DP 2.250 / DP .317 / DP
Pre-Shave MCTI 14.5° & 20° 1 / DP 2.350 / DP .300 / DP
For Hobbed Gears - Stub Depth
AGMA 14.5° & 20° .800 / DP 1.800 / DP .157 / DP
Full Round Bottom 20° .800 / DP 2.000 / DP .500 / DP
Fellows Combination Pitch 14.5° & 20° 1 / DPD 2.250 / DPD .157 / DPN
(DPN / DPD) CP= / DPN

ASA System compared to Full Round Bottom System

For Hobbed Gears - Full Depth
System PA ADD WD TR
ASA 14.5° & 20° 1 / DP 2.157 / DP .157 / DP
AGMA 20° 1 / DP 2.250 / DP .300 / DP
DIN 20° 1 x mn 2.250 x mn .300 x mn
AGMA Fine Pitch 20° 1 / DP 2.200 / DP .157 / DP

(20 DP & Finer) + .002
Full Round Bottom 14.5° 1 / DP 2.440 / DP .534 / DP

20° 1 / DP 2.335 / DP .427 / DP
25° 1 / DP 2.250 / DP .317 / DP
Pre-Shave MCTI 14.5° & 20° 1 / DP 2.350 / DP .300 / DP
For Hobbed Gears - Stub Depth
AGMA 14.5° & 20° .800 / DP 1.800 / DP .157 / DP
Full Round Bottom 20° .800 / DP 2.000 / DP .500 / DP
Fellows Combination Pitch 14.5° & 20° 1 / DPD 2.250 / DPD .157 / DPN

For Shaped Gears - Full Depth
System PA ADD WD TC
Fellows 14.5° & 20° 1 / DP 2.250 / DP Yes
Pre-Shave 14.5° & 20° 1 / DP 2.400 / DP
AGMA Fine Pitch 20° 1 / DP 2.200 / DP

(20 DP & Finer) + .002
For Shaped Gears - Stub Depth
AGMA 20° .800 / DP 1.900 / DP Yes
Fellows Combination Pitch 14.5° & 20° 1 / DPD 2.250 / DPD

TC = Tip Chamfer. A tip chamfer is usually applied to the tips of the teeth of the gear
shaper cutter. The radial height of the chamfer is approximately .060/DP to .100/DP.

Outside Diameter: OD  PD  2  ADD
Root Diameter: RD  OD  2  WD
TCP
Tooth Thickness: TCTT   (Allowance for backlash)
2
or
NCP
NCTT   (Allowance for backlash)
2

Inch Only Formulas
TDP
NDP  TDP  NDP  cosHA
cos HA
 
NCP  TCP 
NDP TDP
N Ng  Np
PD  C
TDP 2  TDP
 for external set
 for internal set

Metric Only Formulas
mn
mn  mt  cos HA mt 
cos HA
NCP  mn   TCP  mt  
Ng  Np
PD  N  mt C  mt 
2
 for external set
 for internal set

Inch / Metric Conversion Formulas
25.4 25.4
mn  mt 
NDP TDP
25.4 25.4
NDP  TDP 
mn mt

Formulas Applicable to both Inch and Metric
NCTT  TCTT  cosHA NCTT

TCTT 
cos HA
NBP  NCP  cos NPA
TBP  TCP  cos TPA
BD  PD  cos TPA
  BD
TBP 
N
  PD
Lead    PD
tan HA tan HA 
Lead
tan NPA
tan TPA  tan NPA  tan TPA  cos HA
cos HA
C  PDg  PDp 2  for external set  for internal set

Explanation of Lead
Lead
Lead
The Axial Distance
Traveled in
One Revolution
of the Teeth

Derivation of Lead Equation
Helix Angle (HA)
Path of teeth rolled out in flat plane.
Lead Lead
pi x Pitch Diameter
(Circumference)
  PD
tan HA 
Pitch
Diameter (PD)
Lead
Formulas Applicable to both Inch and Metric
NCTT  TCTT  cosHA NCTT

TCTT 
cos HA
NBP  NCP  cos NPA
TBP  TCP  cos TPA
BD  PD  cos TPA
  BD
TBP 
N
  PD
Lead    PD
tan HA tan HA 
Lead
tan NPA
tan TPA  tan NPA  tan TPA  cos HA
cos HA
C  PDg  PDp 2  for external set  for internal set

General Gear Formulas - SPUR Gears
Values that are the same due to normal = transverse for spur gears
DP  NDP  TDP PA  NPA  TPA
CP  NCP  TCP CTT  NCTT  TCTT
BP  NBP  TBP m  mn  mt
HA  0 cos HA  1 Lead  

Inch Only Formulas

 
DP  CP 
CP DP
N Ng  Np
PD  C
DP 2  DP
Metric Only Formulas
CP CP    m
m

Ng  Np
PD  N  m C  m
2

Inch / Metric Conversion Formulas
25.4 25.4
m DP 
DP m
Formulas Applicable to Both Inch and Metric

  BD
BD  PD  cos PA BP 
N
PDg  PDp
C BP  CP  cos PA
2

QUIZ TIME!
Referring to “Gear Calculation Quiz” sheet

let’s put to use some of what we’ve learned.
 Next to item (1) Normal Module (mn)
 Calculate the Normal Module by the

formula: mn = 25.4 / NDP
 On your calculator enter 25.4 then 

then 10 and finally =
 Write 2.54 in the space provided

QUIZ TIME!

 Next to item (2) TDP
 Calculate the Transverse Diametral Pitch.
 The formula for this is TDP = NDP x cos HA

 On your calculator enter 10 then X then
cos then 15 finally press =

QUIZ TIME!

 For those who will be working in metric, let’s

calculate the transverse module (mt) line (3).
 The formula for this is mt = mn / cos HA
 On your calculator enter 2.54 then  then
cos then 15 finally press =

QUIZ TIME!

 For (4) TPA the formula is
tan TPA = tan NPA / cos HA
 On your calculator enter tan 20  cos 15
then press = . This will give the tan TPA.
 To get the TPA press the SHIFT button
followed by the tan button (to get tan-1)
then press the = button.
 Write 20.646896° in the space provided.
QUIZ TIME!

 You are now on your own
 Feel free to ask if you need help

The Involute Function - Definition
The shape of the involute curve is described by the

involute function. The involute of an angle e, is
the difference between its Tangent and its angular
value in Radians. Stated mathematically,
inv e  tan e  e
Graphically, this function of an angle is itself an

angle, expressed in radians. This is shown in the
next graphic, where e is the pressure angle of the
involute curve at the Pitch Diameter (or any
diameter).

The Involute Function
tan e
(Line of Action)
Degrees of Roll
inv e
Base Circle
e

Involute Function Importance
The Involute Function is used in many gear

formulas, and is especially useful in calculating
an involute gear’s tooth thickness and center
distance when running with another gear.
The next 4 examples show ways in which the

involute function is used.

Applications of the Involute Function – TCTT at Different Diameters
TCTTOD
TCTT
OD
TCTTBD PD
BD

TCTTOD
TCTT
OD
TCTTBD PD
BD
 TCTT 
TCTTB D    inv TPA   BD
 PD 

TCTTOD
TCTT
OD
TCTTBD PD
BD
BD
cos TPA O D 
OD
 TCTT 
TCTTO D    inv TPA  inv TPA O D   OD
 PD 

Applications of the Involute Function – Master Gear Photo

Applications of the Involute Function – Master Gear Measurements
Master Gear Work Gear
Center
Distance
c
These formulas are used to find the setting center distance (c)
from a master gear and a work gear on a gear rolling
instrument. The instrument can then be set to the calculated
center distance and the work gear can thus be inspected for its
functional tooth thickness (TCTTg).
By substituting shaper cutter data for the master gear data, one
can also calculate the depth of cut of a shaper cutter on a given
part. Root diameter cut would equal (2 x c) minus the O.D. of
the shaper cutter.
Formulas can also be used to find the tooth thickness of the

work gear (TCTTg) by using the given or measured center
distance (c).

To find c, the tight mesh center distance between the master gear and the
work gear:
TCTTg is the transverse T.T. of the working gear
TCTTmg is the transverse T.T. of the master gear
For an external gear:
y  2  C  inv TPA  TCTTg  TCTTmg  TCP
For an internal gear:
y  2  C  inv TPA  TCTTg  TCTTmg  TCP
Then
y C  cos TPA
inv a  c 
2 C cos a
To find TCTTg when c is given:

C  cos TPA
cos a  y  2  C  inv a
c
For an external gear:
TCTTg  TCP  y  2  C  inv TPA  TCTTmg
For an internal gear:
TCTTg  TCP  y  2  C  inv TPA  TCTTmg

Applications of the Involute Function – Master Gear Measurements Example
To check an external 50 tooth gear given the following data:
Common data: TPA = 20.6469° TCP = .32524 TDP = 9.6593
Master gear: Nmg = 40 TCTTmg = .1626
Working gear: Ng = 50 TCTTg = .1605
Ng  Nmg
Step 1) C
2  TDP
50  40
C  4.6587
2  9.6593
Step 2) y  2  C  inv TPA  TCTTg  TCTTmg  TCP

y  2  4.6587  .016453  .1605  .1626 - .32524
y  .15330  .1605  .1626  .32524

y = .15116
y .15166
Step 3) inv a    .016223
2  C 2  4.6587
Find “a” using an involute lookup table or a computer program
a = 20.55333°
C  cos TPA 4.6587  .93577

Step 4) c  
cos a .93635
c = 4.6558

Applications of the Involute Function – Span Measurement
Span Measurement
BTT
NBP NB
P
Span Measurment
Base Radius over 3 teeth =
2 x NBP + 1 x BTT

These formulas are used to calculate a measurement over several gear

teeth to determine the tooth thickness size of the gear. It is an excellent
way to measure tooth thickness as it only requires a micrometer or dial
caliper and has a very good “feel”, like mic-ing a round disk. Large
gears which cannot be measured over pins due to their size can be
measured more conveniently by this method.
It can be used on helical gears as well as spurs, but has some

limitations on helicals. If the helical gear has a narrow face and/or a high
helix angle, when measuring over the proper number of teeth, the
tangent point of the measurement may fall off the ends of the gears face
width.
Also, when measuring helical gears, because the tangent points of the
micrometer are not in the center of the gears face width, the high point
of crowned gear teeth may be missed and an error in tooth thickness
will result.

To find TCTT BD, the transverse circular tooth thickness at the base diameter:
 TCTT 
TCTT BD    inv TPA   BD
 PD 
Reading over one tooth (1 T Mic):

For Spurs, 1 T Mic. = TCTT BD
 sin NPA 
For Helicals, 1 T Mic. = TCTTBD   
 sin TPA 
 sin NPA 
Note that    cos BHA where BHA is the helix angle at the base diameter.
 sin TPA 
For readings over more than one tooth, add to the 1 T Mic, one NBP (Normal Base Pit ch)
for each additional tooth to be measured. So a span over N teeth would be:
SpanN  1 T Mic.  N  1  NBP

Care must be taken that the reading calculated is not too large
and you are measuring over the tips of the teeth and not too
small, so that you are measuring in the root fillets of the gear.
Minimum reading over (N) teeth must be twice the Length of Line
of Action to the Active Profile Diameter multiplied by cos BHA.
Maximum reading over (N) teeth must be twice the Length of Line
of Action to the O.D. or chamfer diameter multiplied by cos BHA.
The measurement reading must be within the above two limits.

Applications of the Involute Function – Span Measurement Example
To calculate a span measurement over teeth for a 50 tooth example gear.

Gear data known: TCTT = .1605
PD = 5.1764
NPA = 20°
TPA = 20.6469°
inv TPA = .016453
BD = 4.84391
NBP = .29521
 TCTT 
Step 1) TCTTBD    inv TPA   BD
 PD 
 .1605 
TBTTBD    .016453   4.84391
 5.1764 
TBTTBD = .22989
sin NPA
Step 2) 1 T Mic.  TBTTBD 
sin TPA
.34202
1 T Mic.  .22989 
.35261
1 T Mic.  .22989  .96997 (cos BHA = .96997)
1 T Mic. = .22299

Applications of the Involute Function – Span Measurement Example
Step 3) Reading over 6 teeth Span6  1 T Mic.  (5  NBP )
Span6  .22299  (5  .25921)

Span6 = 1.6990
Reading over 7 teeth Span7 = 1.9942
Reading over 8 teeth Span8 = 2.2895 (Reading too large – see below)
To calculate maximum reading:

TPAOD = Transverse PA at the outside diameter
BD 4.84391
cos TPA OD    .90102 TPA OD = 25.70688° tan TPA OD = .48141
OD 5.376
Twice Length along Line of Action to OD = BD  tan TPA OD  .48141  4.84391  2.332
Maximum Span Reading = 2.332  cos BHA  2.332  .96997  2.26

Applications of the Involute Function – Dimension Over Pins Picture
Measurement over
Pins / Balls
Determines the
Circular Tooth
Thickness

Applications of the Involute Function – Dimension Over Pins Formula
The most common method to determine the tooth thickness of a gear is by a

measurement over wires (pins) or balls.
To calculate the dimension over two pins for external (DOP) or between two pins for
internal gears (DBP) for a given pin or ball diameter, w.
For External Gears:
NDP  (NCTT w / cos NPA)   BD
inv e  inv TPA  M
N cos e
For even number of teeth: DOP  M  w
 90 
For odd number of teeth: DOP   M  cos w
 N 
For Internal Gears:

NDP  (NCTT w / cos NPA )   BD
inv e  inv TPA  M
N cos e
For even number of teeth: DBP  M  w
 90 
For odd number of teeth: DBP   M  cos w
 N 

Applications of the Involute Function – Dimension Over Pins Formula
To calculate the tooth thickness from a dimension over or between pins:

For External Gears:
For even number of teeth: M  DOP  w
90
For odd number of teeth: M  (DOP  w)  cos
N
cos e  BD / M (Find inv e)
N  inv e  inv TPA    w
NCTT  
NDP cos NPA
For Internal Gears:
For even number of teeth: M  DBP  w
90
For odd number of teeth: M  (DBP  w)  cos cos e  BD / M (Find inv e)
N
N  inv TPA  inv e    w
NCTT  
NDP cos NPA
A word of warning: Odd tooth helical gears do not lend themselves to measurement by
micrometer and pins in the usual manor. The common solution is to use balls instead of
pins or wires.

Applications of the Involute Function – Dimension Over Pins Example
To calculate a dimension over pins for the 50 tooth example gear.

Gear data known: N = 50
NDP = 10
NCTT = .155
PD = 5.1764
NPA = 20°
cos NPA = .93969
TPA = 20.6469°
inv TPA = .016453
BD = 4.84391
w = .1728
NDP  NCTT  w cos NPA   
Step 1) inv e  inv TPA 
N
10  .155  .1728 .93969  3.14159
inv e  .016453 
50
10  .155  .18389  3.14159
inv e  .016453 
50
10  .33889   3.14159
inv e  .016453 
50

Applications of the Involute Function – Dimension Over Pins Example
3.3889  3.14159
inv e  .016453 
50
.247307
inv e  .016453 
50
inv e  .016453  .004946
inv e  .021399
Using spreadsheet or computer program determine e = 22.46136°
BD 4.84391
Step 2) M 
cos e .92414
M = 5.24155
Step 3) DOP = M + w (since even number of teeth)

DOP = 5.24155 + .1728 = 5.41435

Involute Contact Ratio Illustration

Involute Contact Ratio Formula
Find the Involute Contact Ratio (ICR) for two mating external gears:
C  cos TPA
cos OTPA  LA TOTAL  c  sin OTPA
c
cos TPA ODp  BDp ODp LAODp  sin TPAODp  ODp 2
cos TPA ODg  BDg ODg LAODg  sin TPA ODg  ODg 2
Determine Act Len LA as the smallest of the following 4 values:

1) LA TOTAL
2) LAODp
3) LA ODg
4) LA ODg  LA ODp   LA TOTAL
Act Len LA
Involute Contact Ratio: IRC 
TBP

Helical Contact Ratio

Involute and Helical Contact Ratio Example
Find the Involute Contact Ratio (ICR) for the example 50 tooth gear and the 20 tooth
gear on the “Gear Calculation Quiz” sheet.
 C  cos TPA   3.6235  cos 20.6469 

Step 1) OTPA  cos1    cos 1    20.6469
 c   3.6235 
LA TOTAL  c  sin OTPA  3.6235  sin 20.6469  1.2776
Step 2) TPA ODp  cos 1 BDp / ODp  cos 1 1.9376 / 2.2706   31.423
LA ODp  sin TPA ODp  ODp 2  .52135  1.1353  .5919
Step 3) TPA ODg  cos 1 BDg / ODg  cos 14.8439 / 5.3764   25.7158
LA ODg  sin TPA ODg  ODg 2  .4339  2.6882  1.1664
LA Total 1.2776

 
LA ODp .5919
Step 4) Act Len LA  smallest of  
LA ODg 1.1664
(LA .4807
 ODg  LA ODp )  LA Total
Act Len LA .4807

Step 5) ICR    1.58
TBP .30435
Find the Helical Contact Ratio (HCR) (Assume minimum face width to be .750)
Minimum face width of gear and pinion  tan HA .750  tan 15
HCR    .62
TCP .325242
Total Contact Ratio = ICR + HCR = 1.58 + .62 = 2.2

Line of Action Illustration – External Gear

Line of Action Illustration – Internal Gear

Degrees of Roll and SAP diameters of two external gears
Degrees of Roll ODp  57.2958  tan TPA ODp
Degrees of Roll ODg  57.2958  tan TPA ODg
Degrees of Roll SAPp  57.2958 

LA TOTAL  LAODg   2
BDp
LA TOTAL 
 LA ODP  2
Degrees of Roll SAPg  57.2958 
BDg
If either Degrees of Roll SAPp or SAPg is less than zero then set it equal to zero.
BDp
tan TPA SAPp  Degrees of Roll SAPp  57.2958 SAPp Diameter 
cos TPA SAPp
BDg
tan TPA SAPg  Degrees of Roll SAPg  57.2958 SAPg Diameter 
cos TPA SAPg

Degrees of Roll and SAP diameters of two external gears – Example
Using values from the Involute and Helical Contact Ratio Example:
Degrees of Roll ODp  57.2958  tan 31.423  35.005
Degrees of Roll ODg  57.2958  tan 25.716  27.594
Degrees of Roll SAPp  57.2958  1.2776  1.1664  2 / 1.9376  6.579
Degrees of Roll SAPg  57.2958  1.2776  .5919  2 / 4.8439  16.222
 6.579  1.9376
TPA SAPp  tan 1    6.55 SAPp Dia.   1.9503
 57.2958  .9935
 16.222  4.8439
TPA SAPg  tan1    15.809 SAPg Dia.   5.0343
 57.2958  .9622

Computer Software Overview
Although it is good to know the formulas used in

performing gear calculations, today very few
people do the calculations by hand.
Most often people are using some kind of
computer software to make the calculations
quicker, easier, and less error prone.
All examples covered here are in a Microsoft

Excel Spreadsheet available for your use.

Computer Software Demos
 PEP Demo
 Spreadsheet Demo
 Commercial Software

Computer Software Demos – Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet
Open up the file named “Gear Calculations Spreadsheet Inch.xls” or “Gear

Calculations Spreadsheet Metric.xls” found on the USB drive. If Excel asks you
about enabling macros, you must enable them for the spreadsheet to work correctly.
Click on the checkbox to open up the section you are interested in. Fill in the inputs
(yellow boxes) and the outputs will be calculated (blue boxes).
Span Measurement Formulas
Find Span Measurement given Normal Tooth Thickness
Find Tooth Thickness given Span Measurement
Given Span Measurement 1.6990 inches

Number of teeth in span (Nspan) 6
Normal Pressure Angle (NPA) 20.0000 °
Number of teeth in gear (N) 50
Pitch Diameter (PD) 5.1764 inches
Helix Angle (HA) 15.0000 °
Internal
Find Transverse Pressure Angle (TPA) 20.6469 °
Base Diameter (BD) 4.843926 inches
Base Helix Angle (BHA) 14.076095 °
Normal Base Pitch (NBP) 0.295214 inches
Transverse Base Tooth Thickness (TBTT) 0.229830 inches
Transverse Circular Tooth Thickness (TCTT) 0.1604 inches
Normal Circular Tooth Thickness (NCTT) 0.1550 inches
Contact Diameter 5.1509 inches


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How is the tight mesh center distance between gears calculated?

How is the tight mesh center distance between gears calculated?

How is the transverse circular tooth thickness of a working gear calculated given other gear parameters?

How is the transverse circular tooth thickness of a working gear calculated given other gear parameters?

Sample Gear Equations

N  inv TPA  inv e    w

By: Wayne Martin

1 Gear School / Gear Equations

2 Gear School / Gear Equations

3 Gear School / Gear Equations

NBP Normal Base Pitch

4 Gear School / Gear Equations

5 Gear School / Gear Equations

Root Diameter or Minor Diameter

6 Gear School / Gear Equations

7 Gear School / Gear Equations

For Hobbed Gears - Full Depth

ASA 14.5° & 20° 1 / DP 2.157 / DP .157 / DP

AGMA 20° 1 / DP 2.250 / DP .300 / DP

DIN 20° 1 x mn 2.250 x mn .300 x mn

AGMA Fine Pitch 20° 1 / DP 2.200 / DP .157 / DP

Full Round Bottom 14.5° 1 / DP 2.440 / DP .534 / DP

Pre-Shave MCTI 14.5° & 20° 1 / DP 2.350 / DP .300 / DP

For Hobbed Gears - Stub Depth

AGMA 14.5° & 20° .800 / DP 1.800 / DP .157 / DP

Full Round Bottom 20° .800 / DP 2.000 / DP .500 / DP

8 Gear School / Gear Equations

ASA System compared to Full Round Bottom System

9 Gear School / Gear Equations

For Hobbed Gears - Full Depth

ASA 14.5° & 20° 1 / DP 2.157 / DP .157 / DP

AGMA 20° 1 / DP 2.250 / DP .300 / DP

DIN 20° 1 x mn 2.250 x mn .300 x mn

AGMA Fine Pitch 20° 1 / DP 2.200 / DP .157 / DP

Full Round Bottom 14.5° 1 / DP 2.440 / DP .534 / DP

Pre-Shave MCTI 14.5° & 20° 1 / DP 2.350 / DP .300 / DP

For Hobbed Gears - Stub Depth

AGMA 14.5° & 20° .800 / DP 1.800 / DP .157 / DP

Full Round Bottom 20° .800 / DP 2.000 / DP .500 / DP

10 Gear School / Gear Equations

For Shaped Gears - Full Depth

Pre-Shave 14.5° & 20° 1 / DP 2.400 / DP

AGMA Fine Pitch 20° 1 / DP 2.200 / DP

For Shaped Gears - Stub Depth

AGMA 20° .800 / DP 1.900 / DP Yes

Fellows Combination Pitch 14.5° & 20° 1 / DPD 2.250 / DPD

11 Gear School / Gear Equations

Outside Diameter: OD  PD  2  ADD

12 Gear School / Gear Equations

Inch Only Formulas

13 Gear School / Gear Equations

Metric Only Formulas

14 Gear School / Gear Equations

Inch / Metric Conversion Formulas

15 Gear School / Gear Equations

Formulas Applicable to both Inch and Metric

NCTT  TCTT  cosHA NCTT

C  PDg  PDp 2  for external set  for internal set

16 Gear School / Gear Equations

17 Gear School / Gear Equations