Sub: Logistics and Transportation Management

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Bangladesh Institute of HR Management

Sub: Logistics and Transportation management

Q1: What is Logistics Management? Describe the role of Logistics.


Ans: Logistics management is the part of supply chain management and supply chain engineering that plans,
implements, and controls the efficient, effective forward, and reverse flow and storage of goods, services, and
related information between the point of origin and point of consumption to meet customer's requirements.
Q2: Describe activities of Logistics Management.
Ans: Logistics management activities typically include inbound and outbound transportation management,
fleet management, warehousing, materials handling, order fulfillment, logistics network design, inventory control,
supply/demand planning and management of third-party logistics services providers.
Q3: Describe the Aim and importance of Logistics Management.
Ans: Logistics is an important element of a successful supply chain that helps increase the sales and profits of
businesses that deal with the production, shipment, warehousing and delivery of products. Moreover, a
reliable logistics service can boost a business' value and help in maintaining a positive public image
Q4: Why logistics should be improved? How?
Ans:
As well as potential savings, many other factors are encouraging organizations to
improve the management of their supply chains. The following list suggests some
of these pressures:
a) Customers are more knowledgeable, and demand higher quality, lower costs
and better service.
b) Competition is getting fiercer, and organizations must look at every
opportunity to remain competitive.
c)There is changing power in the supply chain. Very large retail chains, such as
Wal-Mart, Tesco, Toys-R-Us and McDonald's, demand customized logistics from
their suppliers.
d) Other changes in retail markets include the growth of 24-hour opening, home
deliveries, out-of-town malls, retail parks, telephone and on-line shopping.
e) International trade continues to grow. This is encouraged by free trade areas
Q5: Discuss the integration of logistics with supply chain.
Ans:
• success of Supply Chain depends on concept of integration. Supply chain ensures
seamless physical flow from raw materials to end customer and efficient
information backwards and for wards flows throughout the chain. However, this
cannot be achieved if members of the supply are not integrated in terms of their:
– Processes
– Activities and
– Systems
• The advantages of integration include:
– Improved quality
– Innovation sharing
– Reduced costs
– Improved production schedule
– Improved delivery
Q6: Discuss lead time gap & demand management & planning.
Ans:
Lead time gap :
Lead time is the amount of time that passes from the start of a process until its conclusion. Companies review lead
time in manufacturing, supply chain management, and project management during pre-processing, processing, and
post-processing stages.
Demand management & planning.:
Demand management is the supply chain management process that balances the customers' requirements with the
capabilities of the supply chain. With the right process in place, management can match supply
with demand proactively and execute the plan with minimal disruptions. The process is not limited to forecasting.
Q7: What is lean & agile supply chain? Discuss the foundation of agility.
Ans:
Lean supply chain:
A lean supply chain defines how a well-designed supply chain should operate, delivering products quickly to the end
customer, with minimum waste. A lean supply chain is a great enabler for any organization that strives to become
more lean and efficient.
Agile supply chain:
agile supply chains can adapt to meet unpredictable customer demand in a rapidly changing and volatile trading
environment.
Discuss the foundation of agility:
The Foundation for Agility class is designed to safely introduce the dog and handler to equipment used in the sport
of agility. Agility is a great way to build confidence in your dog while continuing to strengthen their desire to work
with you.
Q8: How to manage strategic lead times?
Ans:
1.Use a Domestic Supplier.
2.Increase Order Frequency.
3.Provide Sales Forecasts. ...
3.Convert to Standard Components.
4.Consolidate Suppliers.
6.Consider Kitting Services.
7.Communicate.
8.Create an Incentive.
Q9: Discuss the measures to management supply chain risk
Ans:
Supply chain risk management (SCRM) is the process of taking strategic steps to identify, assess and mitigate
the risk in your end-to-end supply chain. A comprehensive approach to SCRM involves the management of all types
of risk, for all tiers of supply and for all risk objects (suppliers, locations, ports and more).
Q10: Discuss managing supply chain as network.
Ans:
A supply chain is a network between a company and its suppliers to produce and distribute a specific product to the
final buyer. ... The supply chain also represents the steps it takes to get the product or service from its original state
to the customer.
Q11: What is 3PL & 4PL?
Ans:
3PL: 3PL is a service that allows you to outsource operational logistics from warehousing, all the way through to
delivery, and ultimately enables you to focus on other parts of your business. Third-party logistics companies
provide any number of services having to do with the logistics of the supply chain

4PL: A 4PL is a fourth-party logistics provider and it essentially takes third-party logistics a step further by managing
resources, technology, infrastructure, and even manage external 3PLs to design, build and provide supply chain
solutions for businesses.
Q12: Discuss Identifying logistics performance indicators.
Ans:
indicators to measure the performance of the logistics business in relation to cost include: cost per case,
transportation cost, fuel cost, warehousing cost, total cost for sipping-related procedures, inland freight cost, and
average cost in processing typical shipping transactions.

Q13: How to benchmark logistics as a vehicle for change.


Ans:
An author ,‘Camp’, has identified a number of benefits that a
company derives from benchmarking. These include the following:
• • It enables the best practices from any industry to be creatively
incorporated into the processes of the benchmarked function.
• • It can provide stimulation and motivation to the professionals
whose creativity is required to perform and implement benchmark
findings.
• • Benchmarking breaks down ingrained reluctance of operations to
change. It has been found that people are more receptive to new
ideas and their creative adoption when those ideas did not
necessarily originate in their own industry.
• • Benchmarking may also identify a technological breakthrough
that would not have been recognised, and thus not applied, in one's
own industry for some time to come.

Q14: Discuss the principles & elements of JIT.


Ans:
1. focused factory;
2. reduce set-up times;
3. group technology;
4. total preventive maintenance;
5. multi-skilled employees;
6. uniform plant loading;
7. Kanban systems;
8. quality control;
9. quality circles;
10. JIT purchasing
Q15: Prerequisites to JIT implementation.
Ans:
• Reduction of the number of vendors;
• changing facility layout and combining operations;
• Training employees to improve job skills and problem-solving ability;
• changing job classification
• grouping machines (equipment) in cells;
• Purchasing equipment with short set-up times (preparation time);
• changing inventory and order policies; and
• Initiation of quality circles and quality control programmers.
• Yasin et al. (2004) also identified a number of factors contributing to the failure of
JIT implementation, which include:
• Lack of cooperation from vendors in direct linkages with vendors;
• Lack of resources to invest in direct linkages with vendors;
• Unwillingness of workers to perform multi-tasks;
• Management’s resistance to sharing operational power with employees;
• Lack of management confidence in hourly workers' commitment to the
Organization; and
• Lack of accurate forecasting systems.
Q16: Discuss the different steps to implement JIT.
Ans:
STEP ONE - MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT
• STEP TWO - IMPLEMENTATION TASKFORCE
• STEP THREE - MEASUREMENT STANDARDS
inventory records, services that satisfy, number of customer complaints
stock take accuracy
• STEP FOUR - AWARENESS CREATION
• STEP FIVE - MANAGER AND SUPERVISOR TRAINING
• STEP SIX - GOAL SETTING
• STEP SEVEN - ERROR CAUSE REMOVAL
• STEP EIGHT - CORRECTIVE ACTIONS
• STEP NINE - RECOGNITION AND REWARD
• STEP TEN - CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT

Q17: Discuss different factors of Transportation Method selection.


Ans:
1. Cost of Service: The cost of transportation adds to the cost of the goods so it should 2.always be kept in mind. ...
3. Speed of Transport: ...
4. Flexibility: ...
5. Regularity of Service: ...
6. Safety: ...
7. Nature of Commodity: ...
8. Other Considerations
Q18: Analyze different factors of Transport mode characteristics
Ans:
•Cost economies
• Availability
•Speed
•Need for double-handling
• Delay problems
• Damage
Q19: Discuss the Consignment factors.
Ans:
•Routing and through transit responsibility:
–Is a direct route stipulated by the customer?
–Are there countries through which the shipment may not travel?
–Who is responsible for the through transit?
–Who is paying for the freight costs?
•Distance:
–What is the distance to be moved?
Does distance restrict the options that are available?
•Type of cargo:
–If it is bulk or general cargo, will a certain specific c route be preferable?
–If it is bulk or general cargo, are certain routes cheaper?
–Does the cargo have specific c features that make certain routes more attractive
( perishable, high value)?
–If hazardous, are all routes available?
Q20: Mention different aspects of international Trade
Ans:
The following are the distinguishing features of international trade:
(1) Immobility of Factors: ...
(2) Heterogeneous Markets: ...
(3) Different National Groups: ...
(4) Different Political Units: ...
(5) Different National Policies and Government Intervention: ...
(6) Different Currencies: ...
(7)Specific Terms: ...
(8)Heterogeneous Group:
Q21: Discuss Maritime Transport Types & Methods.
Ans:
Maritime Transport types :
1.Cargo Ships. One of the most common types of sea transport involves using a cargo ship. ...
2.RoRo Ships. Roll-On/Roll-Off (RoRo) ships typically transport vehicles. ...
3.Bulk Carriers. Bulk carriers hold an essential spot in the maritime shipping industry. ...
3.Barges.
Method:
The Marine Transportation System (MTS) consists of waterways, ports, and intermodal landside connections that
allow the various modes of transportation to move people and goods to, from, and on the water. The MTS includes
the following: 25,000 miles of navigable channels. ... Over 1,400 designated intermodal connections.
Q22: Discuss Air Transport, its Types & documentation
Ans:
The movement of passengers and cargo by aircraft such as airplanes and helicopters. Air transportation has become
the primary means of common-carrier traveling. ... Air transportation also provides a communication or medical link,
which is sometimes vital, between the different groups of people being served.
 types of air transport
1. Commercial Airplanes.
2. Helicopters.
3. Private planes.
4. Blimps.
5. Gliders.
6. Hang gliders.
7. Zeppelin.
6. Parachute.
Documentation:
•bill of lading, or sea or air waybill;
•import and export licenses;
•certificate for carriage of goods by road);
•CIM note (for carriage of goods by rail);
•packing note;
•insurance certificate;
•shipping delivery note (eg standard shipping note);
•export invoice;
•customs requirements for import and export, eg single administrative
Document (SAD).
It is absolutely essential that all documentation is completed accurately and
in good time; otherwise substantial delays can occur. In some instances,
Delays related to incorrect or inadequate documentation can lead to signify
Cant additional cost and, of course, loss of business
Q23: Air Fright Security.
Ans:
1. The placing of explosive or incendiary
Devices inside air cargo prior to being loaded
On the aero plane.
2. The undeclared or undetected transport of
Hazardous material on board an aircraft.
3. The possibility of smuggling contraband
Goods inside air cargo.
4. Theft from air cargo.
5. Hijackings of aircraft or sabotage by people
With access to the aircraft
Q24: Discuss different Intermodal vehicles.
Ans: The sequence of transportation modes being used. Intermodal transportation is organized as a sequence of
modes, often known as an intermodal transport chain. The dominant modes supporting intermodalism are trucking,
rail, barges, and maritime.
Q25: The strengths and weaknesses of rail transport
Ans:
1. Huge Capital Outlay: ...
2. Lack of Flexibility: ...
3. Lack of Door to Door Service: ...
4. Monopoly: ...
5. Unsuitable for Short Distance and Small Loads: ...
5. Booking Formalities: ...
6. No Rural Service: ...
6 .Under-utilized Capacity:
Q26: Why road freight is important.
Ans:
Road transport is an extremely efficient way of hauling goods to and from various locations in order to improve
business efficiency and growth. There are numerous industries that require their goods to be safely transported,
and road haulage is the best way to do to that.
Q27: Discuss different considerations in Road freights.
Ans:
1) Transportation influences product price
2) Rapid transportation offers lower inventory
3) Buyers decision of purchase may shift due to
Preferred transport service
4) Where there is choice among supply sources in the
Distribution joint decision is effective
5) Future business depend on transport service
differential created among competing suppliers.
Q28: Discuss different aspects of transport costing.
Ans:
The total transportation consists of line-haul, pickup and delivery, terminal-handling and billing and collecting costs.
To reduce shipping costs, the shipper needs to do the following: Describe line-haul costs by increasing the weight
shipped
Q29: Different types of routing and scheduling problem.
Ans:
A problem similar to the single-vehicle routing
Problem except that a number of restrictions are
Placed on the problem. Chief among these are:
- A mixture of vehicles with different capacities
- Time windows on the stops
- Pickups combined with deliveries
- Total travel time for a vehicle
Q30: Mention Data requirements for designing scheduling
Ans:
A design schedule is an estimate of the schedule for a particular action. ... A design schedule is defined after a
project has been approved, during the project's planning phase. Design schedule estimates are more detailed than
baseline schedule estimates, which are defined before a project is approved.
Q31: Transport costing analysis for Mode/Service Selection
Ans:
Transport benefits are often measured based a reductions in transport costs. For example, roadway expansion
benefits are calculated based on the reduction in travel time and vehicle costs they provide. ... As a
result, transport economic analysis generally starts by quantifying costs.
Q32: Shortest path method for Career routing
Ans:
Dijkstra's algorithm (or Dijkstra's Shortest Path First algorithm, SPF algorithm) is an algorithm for finding
the shortest paths between nodes in a graph, which may represent, for example, road networks. It was conceived by
computer scientist Edger W. Dijkstra in 1956 and published three years later.
Q33: Routing from and to multiple points
Ans:
To find the best route for multiple destinations, check out the Route4Me Route Planner app. All you need to do is
enter an address or ZIP code and it finds the optimum route to all of your stops. You'll save your sanity, valuable
time and better yet, gas.
Q34: Principles of vehicle routing planning. Give an example of routing
Ans:
Vehicle routing systems help transport managers plan and optimize their daily vehicle routes, enabling them to
reduce both fuel costs and fleet size. Automatically schedule an efficient set of vehicle routes to serve delivery
points.
Q35: Discuss different methods for Order processing
Ans:
An order processing system captures order data from customer service employees or from customers directly,
stores the data in a central database and sends order information to the accounting and shipping departments, if
applicable. ... This can enhance the customer experience and maximize your company's profitability.
Q36: Explain PERT and CPM with example.
Ans:
PERT is that technique of project management which is used to manage uncertain (i.e., time is not known) activities
of any project. CPM is that technique of project management which is used to manage only certain (i.e., time is
known) activities of any project.

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