Vdocuments - MX Heidenhain-355 PDF

HEIDENHAIN User's Manual
HEIDENHAIN Conversational
Programming
TNC 360
May 1994
Keys and Controls on the TNC 360
Controls on the Visual Display Unit Programmable Contours

L
Brightness Straight line
CC
Circle center / Pole for polar coordinates
C
Circle with center point
Override Knobs
CR
100
Circle with radius
Feed rate
CT
Circle with tangential transition
50 150 RND
Corner rounding
F %
0
100 Tool Functions
Spindle speed
TOOL TOOL
DEF CALL Enter or call tool length and radius
50 150
S % R+R R-L Activate tool radius compensation

0
Cycles, Subprograms and Program Section Repeats
Machine Operating Modes CYCL CYCL
DEF CALL Define and call cycles
MANUAL OPERATION
LBL LBL Enter and call labels for subprogramming
SET CALL
ELECTRONIC HANDWHEEL and program section repeats
POSITIONING WITH MANUAL DATA INPUT

STOP
Abort an interrupted program run or
PROGRAM RUN, SINGLE BLOCK enter a program stop in a program
TOUCH
Set a datum with the 3D touch probe or
PROGRAM RUN, FULL SEQUENCE PROBE
enter touch probe functions in a program
Programming Modes
Entering Numbers and Coordinate Axes, Editing
PROGRAMMING AND EDITING
Select or enter coordinate axes
TEST RUN X ... IV in a program
Program and File Management
0 ... 9 Numbers
PGM
NR Select programs and files
CL
. Decimal point
PGM Delete programs and files
PGM
+/ Algebraic sign
CALL Enter program call in a program
EXT P Polar coordinates
External data transfer
MOD
Incremental values
Supplementary modes
Q Q parameters for part families or
Q DEF
in mathematical functions
Cursor and GOTO keys
Move cursor (highlight) Actual position capture

GOTO NO
Go directly to blocks, cycles and param- ENT Ignore dialog queries, delete words
eter functions
Graphics ENT Confirm entry and resume dialog
MOD Graphic operating modes END
Conclude block
BLK
FORM Define blank form, reset blank form
Clear numerical entry
CE or TNC message
MAGN Magnify detail
DEL
START Start graphic simulation Abort dialog; delete program sections
TNC Guideline:
From workpiece drawing to
program-controlled machining
Step Task TNC Refer to

operating mode Section
Preparation
1 Select tools —— ——
2 Set workpiece datum

for coordinate system —— ——
3 Determine spindle speeds

and feed rates —— 12.4
4 Switch on machine —— 1.3
5 Traverse reference marks or 1.3, 2.1
6 Clamp workpiece —— ——
7 Set the datum /

Reset position display ...
7a ... with the 3D touch probe or 2.5
7b ... without the 3D touch probe or 2.3
Entering and testing part programs
8 Enter part program

or download
over external 5 to 8
data interface or EXT or 10
9 Test part program for errors 3.1
10 Test run: Run program

block by block without tool 3.2
11 If necessary: Optimize
part program 5 to 8
Machining the workpiece
12 Insert tool and

run part program 3.2
Sequence of Program Steps
Milling an outside contour
Program step Key Refer to Section
1 Create or select program PGM 4.4

NR
Input: Program number
Unit of measure for programming
2 Define workpiece blank BLK 4.4

FORM
3 Define tools TOOL 4.2

Input: Tool number DEF
Tool length
Tool radius
4 Call tool data TOOL 4.2

Input: Tool number CALL
Spindle axis
Spindle speed
5 Tool change L e.g. 5.4

Input: Coordinates of the tool change position
Radius compensation
Feed rate (rapid traverse)
Miscellaneous function (tool change)
6 Move to starting position L 5.2/5.4

Input: Coordinates of the starting position
Radius compensation (R0)
Miscellaneous function (spindle on, clockwise)
7 Move tool to (first) working depth L

5.4
Input: Coordinate of the (first) working depth
8 Move to first contour point L

5.2/5.4
Input: Coordinates of the first contour point
Radius compensation for machining
Machining feed rate
if desired, with smooth approach: RND after this block
9 Machining to last contour point 5 to 8

Input: Enter all necessary values for
each contour element
10 Move to end position L

5.2/5.4
Input: Coordinates of the end position
Radius compensation (R0)
Miscellaneous function (spindle stop)
if desired, with smooth departure: RND after this block
11 Retract tool in spindle axis

Input: Coordinates above the workpiece L 5.2/5.4
Miscellaneous function (end of program)
12 End of program
How to use this manual
This manual describes functions and features available on the TNC 360
from NC software number 259 900 11.
This manual describes all available TNC functions. However, since the
machine builder has modified (with machine parameters) the available
range of TNC functions to interface the control to his specific machine,
this manual may describe some functions which are not available on your
TNC.
TNC functions which are not available on every machine are, for example:
• Probing functions for the 3D touch probe system
• Digitizing
• Rigid tapping
If in doubt, please contact the machine tool builder.
TNC programming courses are offered by many machine tool builders as

well as by HEIDENHAIN. We recommend these courses as an effective
way of improving your programming skill and sharing information and
ideas with other TNC users.
TNC 360
The TNC beginner can use the manual as a workbook. The first part of
the manual deals with the basics of NC technology and describes the TNC
functions. It then introduces the techniques of conversational program-
ming. Each new function is thoroughly described when it is first intro-
duced, and the numerous examples can be tried out directly on the TNC.
The TNC beginner should work through this manual from beginning to end
to ensure that he is capable of fully exploiting the features of this powerful
tool.
For the TNC expert, this manual serves as a comprehensive reference

work. The table of contents and cross references enable him to quickly
find the topics and information he needs. Easy-to-read dialog flowcharts
show him how to enter the required data for each function.
The dialog flow charts consist of sequentially arranged instruction boxes.

Each key is illustrated next to an explanation of its function to aid the
beginner when he is performing the operation for the first time. The
experienced user can use the key sequences illustrated in the left part of
the flowchart as a quick overview. The TNC dialogs in the instruction
boxes are always presented on a gray background.
Note: Placeholders in the program on the screen for entries which are not
always programmed (such as the abbreviations R, F, M and REP) are not
indicated in the programming examples.
Layout of the dialog flowcharts

Dialog initiation key
L DIALOG PROMPT (ON TNC SCREEN)
3 ENT The functions of the keys are explained here.

e.g.
Answer the prompt with
these keys
NEXT DIALOG QUESTION
Function of the key.
Press this key A dashed line means that either

the key above or below it can be
+/ Function of an alternative key. pressed.
Or press this key
. The trail of dots indicates that:

.
. • the dialog is not fully shown, or
• the dialog continues on the next page.
TNC 360
Contents User's Manual TNC 360 (259 900 xx)
Introduction 1
Manual Operation and Setup 2
Test Run and Program Run 3
Programming 4
Programming Tool Movements
5
Subprograms and Program Section Repeats
6
Programming with Q Parameters
7
Cycles
8
Digitizing 3D Surfaces
9
External Data Transfer
10
MOD-Functions
11
Tabels and Overviews 12
TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 407

1 Introduction
1.1 The TNC 360 .............................................................................................. 1-2

The Operating Panel ....................................................................................................... 1-3
The Screen ..................................................................................................................... 1-3
TNC Accessories ............................................................................................................ 1-5
1.2 Fundamentals of Numerical Control (NC) .............................................. 1-6

Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1-6
What is NC? ................................................................................................................... 1-6
The part program ............................................................................................................ 1-6
Conversational programming ......................................................................................... 1-6
Reference system .......................................................................................................... 1-7
Cartesian coordinate system .......................................................................................... 1-7
Additional axes ............................................................................................................... 1-8
Polar coordinates ............................................................................................................ 1-8
Setting a pole at circle center CC ................................................................................... 1-9
Setting the datum ........................................................................................................... 1-9
Absolute workpiece positions ........................................................................................ 1-11
Incremental workpiece positions ................................................................................... 1-11
Programming tool movements ....................................................................................... 1-13
Position encoders ........................................................................................................... 1-13
Reference marks ............................................................................................................ 1-13
1.3 Switch-On ................................................................................................. 1-14
1.4 Graphics and Status Display ................................................................... 1-15

Plan view ........................................................................................................................ 1-15
Projection in three planes ............................................................................................... 1-16
3D view ......................................................................................................................... 1-16
Status Display ................................................................................................................. 1-18
1.5 Programs ................................................................................................... 1-19

Program directory ........................................................................................................... 1-19
Selecting, erasing and protecting programs ................................................................... 1-20
TNC 360
2 Manual Operation and Setup
2.1 Moving the Machine Axes ....................................................................... 2-2

Traversing with the machine axis direction buttons ....................................................... 2-2
Traversing with the electronic handwheel ..................................................................... 2-3
Working with the HR330 Electronic Handwheel ............................................................ 2-3
Incremental jog positioning ............................................................................................ 2-4
Positioning with manual data input (MDI) ...................................................................... 2-4
2.2 Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Functions M .......... 2-5
To enter the spindle speed S ......................................................................................... 2-5
To enter the miscellaneous function M .......................................................................... 2-6
To change the spindle speed S ...................................................................................... 2-6
To change the feed rate F .............................................................................................. 2-6
2.3 Setting the Datum Without a 3D Touch Probe ...................................... 2-7

Setting the datum in the tool axis .................................................................................. 2-7
To set the datum in the working plane ........................................................................... 2-8
2.4 3D Touch Probe Systems ......................................................................... 2-9

3D Touch probe applications .......................................................................................... 2-9
To select the touch probe menu .................................................................................... 2-9
Calibrating the 3D Touch Probe ...................................................................................... 2-10
Compensating workpiece misalignment ........................................................................ 2-12
2.5 Setting the Datum with the 3D Touch Probe System .......................... 2-14
To set the datum in a specific axis ................................................................................. 2-14
Corner as datum ............................................................................................................. 2-15
Circle center as datum ................................................................................................... 2-17
2.6 Measuring with the 3D Touch Probe System ........................................ 2-19

Finding the coordinate of a position on an aligned workpiece ....................................... 2-19
Finding the coordinates of a corner in the working plane .............................................. 2-19
Measuring workpiece dimensions ................................................................................. 2-20
Measuring angles ........................................................................................................... 2-21
TNC 360
3 Test Run and Program Run
3.1 Test Run .................................................................................................... 3-2

To do a test run .............................................................................................................. 3-2
3.2 Program Run ............................................................................................. 3-3

To run a part program ..................................................................................................... 3-3
Interrupting machining ................................................................................................... 3-4
Resuming program run after an interruption .................................................................. 3-5
3.3 Blockwise Transfer: Executing Long Programs ..................................... 3-6
TNC 360
4 Programming
4.1 Editing part programs .............................................................................. 4-2

Layout of a program ....................................................................................................... 4-2
Plain language dialog ...................................................................................................... 4-2
Editing functions ............................................................................................................. 4-3
4.2 Tools .......................................................................................................... 4-5

Determining tool data ..................................................................................................... 4-5
Entering tool data into the program ................................................................................ 4-7
Entering tool data in program 0 ...................................................................................... 4-8
Calling tool data .............................................................................................................. 4-9
Tool change .................................................................................................................... 4-10
4.3 Tool Compensation Values ..................................................................... 4-11

Effect of tool compensation values ................................................................................ 4-11
Tool radius compensation .............................................................................................. 4-12
Machining corners .......................................................................................................... 4-14
4.4 Program Creation ..................................................................................... 4-15

To create a new part program ........................................................................................ 4-15
Defining the blank form – BLK FORM ............................................................................ 4-15
4.5 Entering Tool-Related Data ..................................................................... 4-16

Feed Rate F .................................................................................................................... 4-16
Spindle speed S .............................................................................................................. 4-17
4.6 Entering Miscellaneous Functions and STOP ........................................ 4-18
4.7 Actual Position Capture ........................................................................... 4-19
TNC 360
5 Programming Tool Movements
5.1 General Information on Programming Tool Movements ..................... 5-2
5.2 Contour Approach and Departure .......................................................... 5-4

Starting and end positions .............................................................................................. 5-4
Smooth approach and departure .................................................................................... 5-6
5.3 Path Functions ......................................................................................... 5-7

General information ........................................................................................................ 5-7
Machine axis movement under program control ........................................................... 5-7
Overview of path functions ............................................................................................ 5-8
5.4 Path Contours – Cartesian Coordinates ................................................. 5-9

Straight line .................................................................................................................... 5-9
Chamfer ......................................................................................................................... 5-12
Circle and circular arcs .................................................................................................... 5-14
Circle Center CC ............................................................................................................. 5-15
Circular Path C Around the Center Circle CC ................................................................. 5-17
Circular path CR with defined radius .............................................................................. 5-20
Circular path CT with tangential connection ................................................................... 5-23
Corner rounding RND ..................................................................................................... 5-25
5.5 Path Contours – Polar Coordinates ......................................................... 5-27

Polar coordinate origin: Pole CC ..................................................................................... 5-27
Straight line LP ............................................................................................................... 5-27
Circular path CP around pole CC .................................................................................... 5-30
Circular path CTP with tangential connection ................................................................. 5-32
Helical interpolation ........................................................................................................ 5-33
5.6 M-Functions for Contouring Behavior and Coordinate Data ............... 5-36
Smoothing corners: M90 ................................................................................................ 5-36
Machining small contour steps: M97 ............................................................................. 5-37
Machining open contours: M98 ..................................................................................... 5-38
Progamming machine-reference coordinates: M91/M92 ............................................... 5-39
5.7 Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI) ............................................ 5-40
TNC 360
6 Subprograms and Program Section Repeats
6.1 Subprograms ............................................................................................ 6-2

Principle ......................................................................................................................... 6-2
Operating limits .............................................................................................................. 6-2
Programming and calling subprograms .......................................................................... 6-3
6.2 Program Section Repeats ........................................................................ 6-5

Principle ......................................................................................................................... 6-5
Programming notes ........................................................................................................ 6-5
Programming and calling a program section repeat ....................................................... 6-5
6.3 Main Program as Subprogram ................................................................ 6-8

Principle ......................................................................................................................... 6-8
Operating limits .............................................................................................................. 6-8
Calling a main program as a subprogram ....................................................................... 6-8
6.4 Nesting ...................................................................................................... 6-9

Nesting depth ................................................................................................................. 6-9
Subprogram in a subprogram ......................................................................................... 6-9
Repeating program section repeats ............................................................................... 6-11
Repeating subprograms ................................................................................................. 6-12
TNC 360
7 Programming with Q Parameters
7.1 Part Families – Q Parameters Instead of Numerical Values ................. 7-3
7.2 Describing Contours Through Mathematical Functions ....................... 7-5

Overview ........................................................................................................................ 7-5
7.3 Trigonometric Functions ......................................................................... 7-7

Overview ........................................................................................................................ 7-7
7.4 If-Then Operations with Q Parameters .................................................. 7-8

Jumps ......................................................................................................................... 7-8
Overview ........................................................................................................................ 7-8
7.5 Checking and Changing Q Parameters ................................................... 7-10
7.6 Output of Q Parameters and Messages ................................................. 7-11

Displaying error messages ............................................................................................. 7-11
Output through an external data interface ..................................................................... 7-11
Assigning values for the PLC ......................................................................................... 7-11
7.7 Measuring with the 3D Touch Probe During Program Run.................. 7-12
7.8 Example for Exercise ................................................................................ 7-14

Rectangular pocket with corner rounding and tangential approach ............................... 7-14
Bolt hole circle ................................................................................................................ 7-15
Ellipse ......................................................................................................................... 7-17
Three-dimensional machining (machining a hemisphere with an end mill) .................... 7-19
TNC 360
8 Cycles
8.1 General Overview of Cycles .................................................................... 8-2

Programming a cycle ...................................................................................................... 8-2
Dimensions in the tool axis ............................................................................................ 8-4
Customized macros ........................................................................................................ 8-4
8.2 Simple Fixed Cycles.................................................................................. 8-5

PECKING (Cycle 1) ......................................................................................................... 8-5
TAPPING with floating tap holder (Cycle 2) .................................................................... 8-7
RIGID TAPPING (Cycle 17) ............................................................................................. 8-9
SLOT MILLING (Cycle 3) ................................................................................................ 8-10
POCKET MILLING (Cycle 4) ........................................................................................... 8-12
CIRCULAR POCKET MILLING (Cycle 5) ......................................................................... 8-14
8.3 SL Cycles ................................................................................................... 8-16

CONTOUR GEOMETRY (Cycle 14) ................................................................................ 8-17
ROUGH-OUT (Cycle 6) ................................................................................................... 8-18
SL Cycles: Overlapping contours ................................................................................... 8-20
PILOT DRILLING (Cycle 15) ........................................................................................... 8-26
CONTOUR MILLING (Cycle 16 ...................................................................................... 8-27
8.4 Cycles for Coordinate Transformations ................................................. 8-30

DATUM SHIFT (Cycle 7) ................................................................................................. 8-31
MIRROR IMAGE (Cycle 8) .............................................................................................. 8-33
ROTATION (Cycle 10) ..................................................................................................... 8-35
SCALING FACTOR (Cycle 11) ........................................................................................ 8-36
8.5 Other Cycles .............................................................................................. 8-38

DWELL TIME (Cycle 9) ................................................................................................... 8-38
PROGRAM CALL (Cycle 12) ........................................................................................... 8-38
ORIENTED SPINDLE STOP (Cycle 13) ........................................................................... 8-39
TNC 360
9 Digitizing 3D Surfaces
9.1 The Digitizing Process .............................................................................. 9-2

Generating programs with digitized data ........................................................................ 9-2
Overview: Digitizing cycles ............................................................................................ 9-2
Transferring digitized data .............................................................................................. 9-2
9.2 Digitizing Range ....................................................................................... 9-3

Input data ....................................................................................................................... 9-3
Setting the scanning range ............................................................................................. 9-3
9.3 Line-By-Line Digitizing ............................................................................. 9-5

Starting position ............................................................................................................. 9-5
Contour approach ........................................................................................................... 9-5
Input data ....................................................................................................................... 9-5
Setting the digitizing parameters .................................................................................... 9-6
9.4 Contour Line Digitizing ............................................................................ 9-8

Starting position ............................................................................................................. 9-8
Contour approach ........................................................................................................... 9-8
Input data ....................................................................................................................... 9-8
Limits of the scanning range .......................................................................................... 9-9
Setting the digitizing parameters .................................................................................... 9-9
9.5 Using Digitized Data in a Part Program ................................................. 9-11

Executing a part program from digitized data ................................................................. 9-12
TNC 360
10 External Data Transfer
10.1 Menu for External Data Transfer ............................................................. 10-2

Blockwise transfer .......................................................................................................... 10-2
10.2 Pin Layout and Connecting Cable for the Data Interface ..................... 10-3
RS-232-C/V.24 Interface ................................................................................................. 10-3
10.3 Preparing the Devices for Data Transfer ................................................ 10-4

HEIDENHAIN Devices .................................................................................................... 10-4
Non-HEIDENHAIN devices ............................................................................................. 10-4
TNC 360
11 MOD Functions
11.1 Selecting, Changing and Exiting the MOD Functions........................... 11-2
11.2 NC and PLC Software Numbers .............................................................. 11-2
11.3 Entering the Code Number ...................................................................... 11-3
11.4 Setting the External Data Interfaces ...................................................... 11-3

BAUD RATE ................................................................................................................... 11-3
RS-232-C Interface ......................................................................................................... 11-3
11.5 Machine-Specific User Parameters ......................................................... 11-4
11.6 Position Display Types ............................................................................. 11-4
11.7 Unit of Measurement ............................................................................... 11-5
11.8 Programming Language .......................................................................... 11-5
11.9 Axes for L Block from Actual Position Capture ..................................... 11-5
11.10 Axis Traverse Limits ................................................................................. 11-6
TNC 360
12 Tables, Overviews, Diagrams
12.1 General User Parameters ......................................................................... 12-2

Selecting the general user parameters .......................................................................... 12-2
Parameters for external data transfer ............................................................................. 12-2
Parameters for 3D Touch Probes ................................................................................... 12-4
Parameters for TNC Displays and the Editor .................................................................. 12-4
Parameters for machining and program run ................................................................... 12-7
Parameters for override behavior and electronic handwheel ......................................... 12-9
12.2 Miscellaneous Functions (M Functions) ................................................. 12-11

Miscellaneous functions with predetermined effect ...................................................... 12-11
Vacant miscellaneous functions ..................................................................................... 12-12
12.3 Preassigned Q-Parameter ........................................................................ 12-13
12.4 Diagrams for Machining .......................................................................... 12-15

Spindle speed S .............................................................................................................. 12-15
Feed rate F ..................................................................................................................... 12-16
Feed rate F for tapping ................................................................................................... 12-17
12.5 Features, Specifications and Accessories .............................................. 12-18

TNC 360 ......................................................................................................................... 12-18
Accessories .................................................................................................................... 12-20
12.6 TNC Error Messages ................................................................................. 12-21

TNC error messages during programming ..................................................................... 12-21
TNC error messages during test run and program run ................................................... 12-22
TNC error messages with digitizing ............................................................................... 12-25
TNC 360
1 Introduction
1.1 The TNC 360

Control
The TNC 360 is a shop-floor programmable contouring control for milling
machines, boring machines and machining centers with up to four axes.
The spindle can be rotated to a given angular stop position (oriented
spindle stop).
Visual display unit and operating panel

The monochrome screen clearly displays all information necessary for
operating the TNC. In addition to the CRT monitor (BE 212), the TNC 360
can also be used with a flat luminescent screen (BF 110). The keys on the
operating panel are grouped according to their functions. This
simplifies programming and the application of the TNC functions.
Programming
The TNC 360 is programmed directly at the machine with the easy to
understand HEIDENHAIN plain language dialog format. Programming in
ISO or in DNC mode is also possible.
Graphics
The graphic simulation feature allows programs to be tested before actual
machining. Various types of graphic representation can be selected.
Compatibility
Any part program can be run on the TNC 360 as long as the commands in
the program are within the functional scope of the TNC 360.
1-2 TNC 360

1 Introduction
1.1 The TNC 360
The Operating Panel
The keys on the TNC operating panel are identified with easy-to-
remember abbreviations and symbols. The keys are grouped accord-
ing to function:
• Program selection
• Path function keys
• External data transfer PGM CL PGM L

X 7 8 9
NR PGM CALL
• Probing functions
• Editing functions CR RND CT CC C
Y 4 5 6
• Numerical entries
Z 1 2 3 • Axis selection
• GOTO statement
• Q parameter
• Arrow keys DEL
0 +/
EXT
TOUCH
PROBE ENT IV . programming
• STOP key GOTO
CE Q Q
DEF
END
• Programming of cycles, CYCL CYCL LBL LBL

program section repeats STOP
DEF CALL SET CALL
and subprograms R-L

NO
ENT
TOOL
DEF
TOOL
CALL R+R
• NO ENT key
• Tool-related entries GRAPHICS
• Operating modes
BLK
MOD MAGN START
FORM
• Incremental and
100 100
MOD P polar coordinates
50 150 50 150
Graphic operating F% S% HEIDENHAIN

modes 0 0
Override controls
for spindle speed The functions of the individual keys are de-
and feed rate scribed on the inside front cover.
The machine operating buttons, such as I for NC start, are described in the manual for your machine tool.
In this manual they are shown in gray.
The Screen
Brightness control
(BE 212 only)
Header
The header of the screen shows the selected operating mode. Dialog
questions and TNC messages also appear there.
TNC 360 1-3

1 Introduction
1.1 The TNC 360
Screen Layout
MANUAL and EL. HANDWHEEL operating modes:
A machine operating mode has been selected
• Coordinates
• Selected axis
• * means: control
is in operation
• Status display,
e.g. feed rate F,
miscellaneous
function M
A program run operating mode has been selected
Section of
selected
program
Status display
The screen layout is the same in the operating modes PROGRAM RUN,
PROGRAMMING AND EDITING and TEST RUN. The current block is
surrounded by two horizontal lines.
1-4 TNC 360

1 Introduction
1.1 The TNC 360
TNC Accessories
3D Probe Systems
The TNC features the following functions for the
HEIDENHAIN 3D touch probe systems:
• Automatic workpiece alignment (compensation
of workpiece misalignment)
• Datum setting
• Measurements of the workpiece can be per-
formed during program run
• Digitizing 3D forms (optional)
The TS 120 touch probe system is connected to the
control via cable, while the TS 510 communicates
by means of infrared light.
Fig. 1.5: HEIDENHAIN 3D Probe Systems TS 120 and TS 511
Floppy Disk Unit

The HEIDENHAIN FE 401 floppy disk unit serves as
an external memory for the TNC, allowing you to
store your programs externally on diskette.
The FE 401 can also be used to transfer programs

that were written on a PC into the TNC. Extremely
long programs which exceed the TNC's memory
capacity are “drip fed” block by block. The machine
executes the transferred blocks and erases them
immediately, freeing memory for further blocks
from the FE.
Fig. 1.6: HEIDENHAIN FE 401 Floppy Disk Unit
Electronic Handwheels
Electronic handwheels provide precise manual
control of the axis slides. As on conventional
machines, turning the handwheel moves the axis
by a defined amount. The traverse distance per
revolution of the handwheel can be adjusted over a
wide range.
Portable handwheels, such as the HR 330, are

connected to the TNC by cable. Built-in hand-
wheels, such as the HR 130, are built into the
machine operating panel.
An adapter allows up to three handwheels to be

connected simultaneously. Your machine manufac-
turer can tell you more about the handwheel Fig. 1.7: The HR 330 Electronic Handwheel
configuration of your machine.
TNC 360 1-5

1 Introduction
1.2 Fundamentals of Numerical Control (NC)
Introduction
This chapter addresses the following topics:
• What is NC?
• The part program
• Conversational programming
• Cartesian coordinate system
• Additional axes
• Polar coordinates
• Setting a pole at a circle center (CC)
• Datum setting
• Absolute workpiece positions
• Programming tool movements
• Position encoders
• Reference mark evaluation
What is NC?
NC stands for Numerical Control. Simply put, numerical control is the
operation of a machine by means of coded instructions. Modern controls
such as the HEIDENHAIN TNCs have a built-in computer for this purpose.
Such a control is therefore also called a CNC (Computer Numerical
Control).
The part program

A part program is a complete list of instructions for machining a work-
piece. It contains such information as the target position of a tool move-
ment, the tool path — i.e. how the tool should move towards the target
position — and the feed rate. The program must also contain information
on the radius and length of the tools, the spindle speed and the tool axis.
Conversational programming
Conversational programming is a particularly easy way of writing and
editing part programs. From the very beginning, HEIDENHAIN numerical
controls were designed for the machinist who keys in his programs
directly at the machine. This is why they are called TNCs, or "Touch
Numerical Controls."
You begin programming each machining step by simply pressing a key.

The control then asks for all further information required to execute the
step. You can also program the TNC in ISO format or download programs
from a central host computer for DNC operation.
1-6 TNC 360

1 Introduction
1.2 Fundamentals of NC
Reference system
In order to define positions, one needs a reference system. For example,

positions on the earth's surface can be defined "absolutely" by their
geographic coordinates of longitude and latitude. The term "coordinate"
comes from the Latin word for "that which is arranged". The network of
horizontal and vertical lines around the globe constitute an "absolute 60°
reference system" — in contrast to the "relative" definition of a position Greenwich
30°
that is referenced, for example, to some other, known location.
0°
30°
60°
90° 0° 90°
Fig. 1.9: The geographic coordinate system

is an absolute reference system
Cartesian coordinate system
A workpiece is normally machined on a TNC controlled milling machine

according to a workpiece-reference Cartesian coordinate system (a
rectangular coordinate system named after the French mathematician and +Z
philosopher Renatus Cartesius; 1596 to 1650). The Cartesian
+Y +X
coordinate system is based on three coordinate axes X, Y and Z, which are
parallel to the machine guideways. The figure to the right illustrates the
"right hand rule" for remembering the three axis directions: the
middle finger is pointing in the positive direction of the tool axis from the
workpiece toward the tool (the Z axis), the thumb is pointing in the
positive X direction, and the index finger in the positive Y direction.
+Z
+X
+Y
Fig. 1.10: Designations and directions of the

axes on a milling machine
TNC 360 1-7

1 Introduction
Additional axes
The TNC can control machines which have more than three axes. U, V
Z
and W are secondary linear axes parallel to the main axes X, Y and Z,
Y
respectively (see illustration). Rotary axes are also possible. They are
designated as axes A, B and C.
B+
W+ C+
V+
A+
X
U+
Fig. 1.11: Arrangement and designation of
the auxiliary axes
Polar coordinates
Y+
The Cartesian coordinate system is especially
useful for parts whose dimensions are mutually
perpendicular. But when workpieces contain
circular arcs, or when dimensions are given in PR PR
degrees, it is often easier to use polar coordinates. PA2
In contrast to Cartesian coordinates, which are PA3
three-dimensional, polar coordinates can only
describe positions in a plane.
PR
PA1
The datum for polar coordinates is the circle 10 0°
center CC. To describe a position in polar coordi- CC
nates, think of a scale whose datum point is rigidly
connected to the pole but which can be freely
rotated in a plane around the pole. 30 X+
Positions in this plane are defined by:
Fig. 1.12: Positions on an arc with polar coordinates
• Polar Radius (PR): The distance from circle
center CC to the defined position.
• Polar Angle (PA): The angle between the

reference axis and the scale.
1-8 TNC 360

1 Introduction
Setting a pole at circle center CC

The pole (circle center) is defined by setting two Cartesian coordinates.
These two coordinates also determine the reference axis for the polar
angle PA.
Coordinates of the pole Reference axis of the angle
XY +X
YZ +Y
ZX +Z
Z Z Z Y
Y Y
+ 0° 0°
+
CC
CC + CC
0°
X X X
Fig. 1.13: Polar coordinates and their associated reference axes
Z
Setting the datum
The workpiece drawing identifies a certain prominent point on the work-
piece (usually a corner) as the "absolute datum" and perhaps one or more
other points as relative datums. The process of datum setting establishes Y
these points as the origin of the absolute or relative coordi-nate systems:
The workpiece, which is aligned with the machine axes, is moved to a
certain position relative to the tool and the display is set either to zero or X
to another appropriate position value (e.g. to compen-sate the tool radius).
Fig. 1.14: The workpiece datum serves as

the origin of the Cartesian
coordinate system
TNC 360 1-9

1 Introduction
Example:
Drawings with several relative datums

(according to ISO 129 or DIN 406, Part 11; Figure 171)
-250
250
-216,5
216,5
-125
125
0
250
216,5
125
1225 0
-125
-216,5
-250
150
0
750
-150
300±0,1
320
0
0
325
450
700
900
950
Example:
Z
Coordinates of the point 1:
X = 10 mm
Y = 5 mm Y
Z = 0 mm
The datum of the Cartesian coordinate system is located 10 mm away X

from point 1 on the X axis and 5 mm on the Y axis. 1
The 3D Touch Probe System from HEIDENHAIN is an especially 5

convenient and efficient way to find and set datums.
10
Fig. 1.16: Point 1 defines the coordinate

system.
1-10 TNC 360

1 Introduction
Absolute workpiece positions

Z
Each position on the workpiece is clearly defined by its absolute coordi-
nates.
Example: Absolute coordinates of the position ➀: 1

X = 20 mm Y
Y = 10 mm
Z=15mm
Z = 15 mm 15
X
Y=
m
If you are drilling or milling a workpiece according to a workpiece drawing X=20m
10
m
with absolute coordinates, you are moving the tool to the coordinates.
m
10
20
Incremental workpiece positions

A position can be referenced to the previous nominal position: i.e. the Fig. 1.17: Position definition through
relative datum is always the last programmed position. Such coordinates absolute coordinates
are referred to as incremental coordinates (increment = growth), or also
incremental or chain dimensions (since the positions are defined as a
chain of dimensions). Incremental coordinates are designated with the
prefix I.
Z
3
Example: Incremental coordinates of the position ➂ IY
referenced to position ➁ Y =1
IZ=–15mm
2 0m
m
Absolute coordinates of the position ➁ : 20 mm
X = 10 mm IX=10
Y = 5 mm
10
15
Z = 20 mm X
5 5
Incremental coordinates of the position ➂ : 10
IX = 10 mm
0 10
IY = 10 mm
IZ = –15 mm 0
If you are drilling or milling a workpiece according to a workpiece drawing Fig. 1.18: Position definition through
with incremental coordinates, you are moving the tool by the coordinates. incremental coordinates
An incremental position definition is therefore intended as an immediately

relative definition. This is also the case when a position is defined by the
distance-to-go to the target position (here the relative datum is located at
the target position). The distance-to-go has a negative algebraic sign if the
target position lies in the negative axis direction from the actual position.
The polar coordinate system can also express both

types of dimensions:
• Absolute polar coordinates always refer to the
pole (CC) and the reference axis. Y+
• Incremental polar coordinates always refer to
the last programmed nominal position of the
tool. +IPR
PR
+IPA +IPA
PR
PR PA
10 0°
CC
30 X+
Fig. 1.19: Incremental dimensions in polar coordinates (designated
with an "I")
TNC 360 1-11

1 Introduction
Example:
Workpiece drawing with coordinate dimensioning
(according to ISO 129 or DIN 406, Part 11; Figure 179)
3.5 3.4 3.3

3.6
r
3.2
ϕ
3.1
3.7
3
3.8 3.12
2.1 3.9 3.11
3.10
2.2 2 Y2 1.3
2.3
X2
1.1 1.2
Y1
X1
Dimensions in mm
Coordinate Coordinates
origin
Pos. X1 X2 Y1 Y2 r ϕ d
1 1 0 0 -
1 1.1 325 320 Ø 120 H7
1 1.2 900 320 Ø 120 H7
1 1.3 950 750 Ø 200 H7
1 2 450 750 Ø 200 H7
1 3 700 1225 Ø 400 H8
2 2.1 –300 150 Ø 50 H11
2 2.2 –300 0 Ø 50 H11
2 2.3 –300 –150 Ø 50 H11
3 3.1 250 0° Ø 26
3 3.2 250 30° Ø 26
3 3.3 250 60° Ø 26
3 3.4 250 90° Ø 26
3 3.5 250 120° Ø 26
3 3.6 250 150° Ø 26
3 3.7 250 180° Ø 26
3 3.8 250 210° Ø 26
3 3.9 250 240° Ø 26
3 3.10 250 270° Ø 26
3 3.11 250 300° Ø 26
3 3.12 250 330° Ø 26
1-12 TNC 360

1 Introduction
Programming tool movements

During workpiece machining, an axis position is changed either by moving
the tool or by moving the machine table on which the workpiece is fixed. +Y +Z +X
You always program as if the tool is moving and the workpiece is
stationary.
If the machine table moves, the axis is designated on the machine

operating panel with a prime mark (e.g. X’, Y’). Whether an axis designa-
tion has a prime mark or not, the programmed direction of axis movement
is always the direction of tool movement relative to the workpiece.
Fig. 1.21: On this machine the tool moves in

the Y and Z axes; the workpiece
moves in the X axis.
Position encoders
Z
The position encoders – linear encoders for linear axes, angle encoders for
rotary axes – convert the movement of the machine axes into electrical
signals. The control evaluates these signals and constantly calculates the
actual position of the machine axes. Y
If there is an interruption in power, the calculated position will no longer
correspond to the actual position. When power is returned, the TNC can X
re-establish this relationship.
Fig. 1.22: Linear position encoder, here for

the X axis
Reference marks
The scales of the position encoders contain one or more reference marks.
When a reference mark is passed over, it generates a signal which
identifies that position as the machine axis reference point.
With the aid of this reference mark the TNC can re-establish the assign-
ment of displayed positions to machine axis positions.
If the position encoders feature distance-coded reference marks, each
axis need only move a maximum of 20 mm (0.8 in.) for linear encoders,
and 20° for angle encoders.
Fig. 1.23: Linear scales: above with

distance-coded-reference marks,
below with one reference mark
TNC 360 1-13

1 Introduction
1.3 Switch-On
Switch on the power supply for the TNC and machine. The TNC then
begins the following dialog:
MEMORY TEST
The TNC memory is automatically checked.
POWER INTERRUPTED
Message from the TNC indicating that the power was interrupted.
CE
Clear the message with the CE key.
TRANSLATE PLC PROGRAM
The PLC program of the TNC is automatically translated.
RELAY EXT. DC VOLTAGE MISSING
Switch on the control voltage.

The TNC checks the functioning of the EMERGENCY STOP circuit. I
MANUAL OPERATION
TRAVERSE REFERENCE POINTS
To cross over the reference marks in the displayed sequence:

Press the START button for each axis. I
To cross over the reference marks in any sequence:
For each axis, press and hold down the axis direction button X ,
Y , ...
until the reference mark has been crossed over.
The TNC is now ready for operation. The operating mode

MANUAL OPERATION is active.
1-14 TNC 360

1 Introduction
1.4 Graphics and Status Display

The TNC features various graphic display modes for testing programs. To
be able to use this feature, you must select a program run operating
mode.
Workpiece machining is simulated graphically in the display modes:
• Plan view
• Projection in three planes
• 3D view
With the fast internal image generation, the TNC calculates the contour
and displays a graphic only of the completed part.
Select display mode
GRAPHICS Select display mode menu.

2x MOD
Select desired display mode.
ENT
Confirm selection.
Start graphic display
GRAPHICS Start graphic simulation in the selected display mode.

START
The START key repeats a graphic simulation as often as desired.
Rotary axis movements cannot be graphically simulated.

An attempted test run will result in an error message.
Plan view
In this mode, contour height is symbolized by image brightness.
The deeper the contour, the darker the image.
Number of depth levels: 7
This is the fastest of the three display modes.
Fig. 1.18: TNC graphics, plan view
TNC 360 1-15

1 Introduction
Projection in three planes

Here the program is displayed as in a technical
drawing, with a plan view and two orthographic
sections. A conical symbol near the graphic indi-
cates whether the display is in first angle or third
angle projection according to ISO 6433. The type of
projection can be selected with MP 7310.
Moving the sectional plane

The sectional planes can moved to any position
with the arrow keys. The position of the sectional
plane is displayed on the screen while it is being
moved.
Fig. 1.19: Projection in three planes
3D view
This mode displays the simulated workpiece in
three-dimensional space.
Fig. 1.20: 3D view
Rotating the 3D view

In the 3D view, the image can be rotated around
the vertical axis with the horizontal arrow keys.
The angle of orientation is indicated with a special
symbol:
00 rotation
900 rotation
1800 rotation
2700 rotation
Fig. 1.21: Rotated 3D view
3D view, not true to scale

If the height-to-side ratio is between 0.5 and 50, a non-scaled 3D view can
be selected with the vertical arrow keys. This view improves the resolu-
tion of the shorter workpiece side.
The dimensions of the angle orientation symbol change to indicate the

disproportion.
1-16 TNC 360

1 Introduction
Detail magnification of a 3D graphic
Fig. 1.22: Detail magnification of a 3D graphic
GRAPHICS Select function for detail magnification.

MAGN
Select sectional plane.
Set / reset section.
If desired: switch dialog for transfer of detail.
TRANSFER DETAIL = ENT
ENT
Magnify detail.
Details can be magnified in any display mode. The abbreviation MAGN appears on the screen to indicate that the
image is magnified.
Return to non-magnified view
GRAPHICS Press BLK FORM to display the workpiece in its programmed size.
BLK
FORM
TNC 360 1-17

1 Introduction
Status Display
The status display in a program run operating mode
shows the current coordinates as well as the
following information:
• Type of position display (ACTL, NOML, ...)

• Axis locked ( in front of the axis)
• Number of current tool T
• Tool axis
• Spindle speed S
• Feed rate F
• Active miscellaneous function M
• TNC is in operation (indicated by ❊)
• Machines with gear ranges:
Gear range following "/" character
(depends on machine parameter)
Fig. 1.23: Status display in a program run operating mode
Bar graphs can be used to indicate analog quantities such as spindle speed and feed rate. These bar graphs must be
activated by the machine tool builder.
1-18 TNC 360

1 Introduction
1.5 Programs
The TNC 360 can store up to 32 part programs at once. The programs can
be written in HEIDENHAIN plain language dialog or according to ISO. ISO
programs are indicated with “ISO”.
Each program is identified by a number with up to eight characters.
Program directory Action Mode of Call program

The program directory is called with the PGM NR operation directory with ...
key. To erase programs in TNC memory, press the
PGM
CL PGM key. Create (a program) ... NR
PGM
Edit ... NR
CL
Erase ... PGM
PGM
Test ... NR
PGM
Execute ... NR
Fig. 1.24: Program management functions
The program directory provides the following

information:
• Program number
• Program type (HEIDENHAIN or ISO)
• Program size in bytes, where one byte is the
equivalent of one character.
Fig. 1.25: Program directory on the TNC screen
TNC 360 1-19

1 Introduction
1.5 Programs
Selecting, erasing and protecting programs

To select a program:
PGM Call the program directory.

NR
PROGRAM NUMBER ?
Use the arrow keys to highlight the program.

or
1 5 Enter the desired program number, for example 15.
ENT
Confirm your selection.
To erase a program:
CL Call the program directory.

PGM
ERASE = ENT / END = NO ENT
Use the arrow keys to highlight the program.

or
ENT or NO Erase the program or abort.

ENT
To protect a program:

NR
PROGRAM NUMBER = ?
e.g. 5 ENT
ENT
Enter the number of the program to be protected.
0 BEGIN 5 MM
Press the key until the dialog prompt "PGM PROTECTION?" appears.
repeatedly
PGM PROTECTION ?
Protect the program.

ENT
The letter "P" for protected appears at the end of the first and last program
blocks.
1-20 TNC 360

1 Introduction
1.5 Programs
To remove edit protection:
Select the protected program, for example 5.
0 BEGIN 5 MM P
MOD Select MOD functions.
VACANT BYTES =
Activate the CODE NUMBER function.
repeatedly
CODE NUMBER
8 6 3 5 7 Enter the code number 86357:

Edit protection is removed, the "P" disappears.
TNC 360 1-21

2.1 Moving the Machine Axes
Traversing with the machine axis direction buttons:
MANUAL OPERATION
Press the machine axis direction button and hold it for as long as you wish
e.g.
X the axis to move.
You can move several axes at once in this way.
For continuing movement:
MANUAL OPERATION
Press and hold the machine axis direction button, then press the machine
e.g. Y I start button. The axis continues to move after you release the key.
together
To stop the axis, press the machine STOP button.
You can only move one axis at a time with this method.
2-2 TNC 360

Travesing with the electronic handwheel:
ELECTRONIC HANDWHEEL
INTERPOLATION FACTOR: 1 3
Enter the desired interpolation factor (see table below).

e.g. 3 ENT
Select the axis that you wish to move:

e.g. X for portable handwheels, at the handwheel;
for integral handwheels, at the TNC keyboard.
Now move the selected axis with the electronic handwheel. If you are
using the portable handwheel, first press the enabling switch on its back.
Interpolation Traverse in mm per

factor revolution
0 20.000
1 10.000
2 5.000
3 2.500
4 1.250
5 0.625
6 0.312
7 0.156
8 0.078
9 0.039
10 0.019
Fig. 2.1: Interpolation factors for handwheel speed Fig. 2.2: HR 330 Electronic Handwheel
The smallest programable interpolation factor depends on the individual machine tool.
Positioning with the electronic handwheel can also be carried out in the operating mode PROGRAMMING (depend-
ing on MP7641).
Working with the HR 330 Electronic Handwheel

Attach the electronic handwheel to a steel surface with the mounting
magnets such that it cannot be operated unintentionally.
Be sure not to press the axis direction keys unintentionally when you
remove the handwheel from its position as long as the enabling switch
(between the magnets) is depressed.
If you are using the handwheel for machine setup, press the enabling
switch. Only then can you move the axes with the axis direction keys.
TNC 360 2-3

2.1 Moving the Machine Axes
Incremental jog positioning

With incremental jog positioning, a machine axis will move by a prese Z
increment each time you press the corresponding machine axis
direction button.
8 8
8 16 X
Fig. 2.3: Incremental jog positioning in the
X axis
INTERPOLATION FACTOR: 4
Select incremental jog positioning.
Select incremental jog positioning by pressing the handwheel mode

key again.
JOG-INCREMENT: 4 8
Enter the jog increment (here 8 mm).

e.g. 8 ENT
Press the machine axis direction button as often as desired.

e.g. X
Incremental jog positioning must be enabled by the machine tool manufacturer.
Positioning with manual data input (MDI)

Page 5-40 describes positioning by manually entering the target coordi-
nates for the tool.
2-4 TNC 360

2.2 Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Functions M

The following values can be entered and changed in the MANUAL OPER-
ATION AND ELECTRONIC HANDWHEEL modes of operation:
• Miscellaneous function M
• Spindle speed S
• Feed rate F (can be changed but not entered)
For part programs these functions are entered or edited directly in the
PROGRAMMING AND EDITING operating mode.
Fig. 2.4: Knobs for spindle speed and feed

rate overrides
To enter the spindle speed S:
TOOL Initiate the dialog with the TOOL CALL key.

CALL
SPINDLE SPEED S RPM ?
Enter the spindle speed S, for example 1000 rpm.

e.g. 1 0 0 0 ENT
Confirm the spindle speed S with the machine START button.

I
A miscellaneous function M starts spindle rotation at the entered

speed S.
TNC 360 2-5

2.2 Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Function M
To enter the miscellaneous function M:
STOP Select the STOP function.
MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION M ?
e.g. 6 ENT Enter the desired miscellaneous function M.
Activate the miscellaneous function M with the machine START key.

I
Chapter 12 provides an overview of the miscellaneous functions.
To change the spindle speed S:
100
Turn the spindle speed override knob:
50 150
Adjust the spindle speed S to between 0% and 150% of the last entered
value.
S%
0
The spindle speed override will function only if your machine tool is equipped with a stepless spindle drive.
To change the feed rate F:

In the MANUAL OPERATION mode the feed rate is set through a machine
parameter.
100
Turn the feed rate override knob:
50 150 Adjust the feed rate to between 0% and 150% of the last entered value.
F%
0
2-6 TNC 360

2.3 Setting the Datum Without a 3D Touch Probe

You fix a datum by setting the TNC position display to the coordinates of a
known point on the workpiece. The fastest, easiest and most accurate
way of setting the datum is by using a 3D touch probe system from
HEIDENHAIN (see p. 2-14).
To prepare the TNC:
Clamp and align the workpiece.
Insert the zero tool with known radius into the spindle.
Select the MANUAL OPERATION mode.
Ensure that the TNC is showing actual position values (see p. 11-4).
Setting the datum in the tool axis
Fragile workpiece?
If the workpiece surface must not be scratched, Z Z
you can lay a metal shim of known thickness d
on it. Then enter a tool axis datum value that is
larger than the desired datum by the value d.
X X
Fig. 2.5: Datum setting in the tool axis; right with protective shim
Move the tool until it touches with workpiece surface.
Select the tool axis.

e.g. Z
DATUM SET Z=
For a zero tool: Set the display to Z = 0 or enter thickness d of the shim.
e.g. 0 ENT
5 0 ENT
For a preset tool: Set the display to the length L of the tool,
e.g.
for example Z=50 mm, or enter the sum Z=L+d.
TNC 360 2-7

2.3 Setting the Datum Without a 3D Touch Probe
To set the datum in the working plane: Y
Y
–R X
–R 2
1
2
Fig. 2.6: Setting the datum in the working plane; plan view (upper
right)
Move the zero tool until it touches the side of the workpiece.
Select the axis.

e.g. X
e.g. +/ 5 ENT Enter the position of the tool center (here X = –5 mm) in the selected axis.
Repeat the process for all axes in the working plane.
2-8 TNC 360

2.4 3D Touch Probe Systems
3D Touch probe applications

The TNC provides touch functions for application of a HEIDENHAIN 3D
touch probe. Typical applications for the touch probe systems are:
• Compensating workpiece misalignment
(basic rotation)
• Datum setting
• Measuring:
- Lengths and positions on the workpiece
- Angles
- Circle radii
- Circle centers
• Measurements under program control
• Digitizing 3D surfaces (option)
Fig. 2.7: HEIDENHAIN TS 120 three-

dimensional touch probe
The TNC must be specially prepared by the machine tool builder for the use of a 3D touch probe.
After you press the machine START button, the touch probe begins
executing the selected probe function. The machine manufacturer sets
the feed rate at which the probe approaches the workpiece. When the 3D
touch probe contracts the workpiece, it
• transmits a signal to the TNC, which stores the coordinates of the
probed position
• stops moving
• returns to its starting position in rapid traverse
F
F
F max
Fig. 2.8: Feed rates during probing
To select the touch probe menu:
MANUAL OPERATION
or
TOUCH Select the menu of touch probe functions.

PROBE
CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE LENGTH

CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE RADIUS
BASIC ROTATION
SURFACE = DATUM
CORNER = DATUM
CIRCLE CENTER = DATUM
TNC 360 2-9

Calibrating the 3D Touch Probe

The touch probe system must be calibrated
• for commissioning Z
• after a stylus breaks
• when the stylus is changed
• when the probe feed rate is changed
• in case of irregularities, such as those resulting from machine heating.
During calibration, the TNC finds the “effective” length of the stylus and Y
the “effective” radius of the ball tip. To calibrate the 3D touch probe,
clamp a ring gauge with known height and known internal radius to the
machine table. 5
X
To calibrate the effective length Fig. 2.9: Calibrating the touch probe length
Set the datum in the tool axis such that for the machine tool table, Z=0.
TOUCH
PROBE SURFACE = DATUM
ENT
Select the calibration function for the touch probe length.
CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE LENGTH
Z+ Z–
TOOL AXIS = Z
If necessary, enter the tool axis, for example Z.

e.g. Z
Move the highlight to DATUM.
Enter the height of the ring gauge, for example 5 mm.

e.g. 5
Move the touch probe to a position just above the ring gauge.
or If necessary, change the displayed traverse direction.
The 3D touch probe contacts the upper surface of the ring gauge.
I
2-10 TNC 360

To calibrate the effective radius

Position the ball tip in the bore hole of the ring gauge.
Z
10
X
Fig. 2.10: Calibrating the touch probe radius
TOUCH
ENT Select the calibration function for the ball-tip radius.
CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE RADIUS
X+ X– Y+ Y–
Select RADIUS RING GAUGE.
RADIUS RING GAUGE = 0
Enter the radius of the ring gauge, here 5 mm.

5 ENT
The 3D touch probe contacts one position on the bore for each axis direction.
4x I
Displaying calibration values

The effective length and radius of the 3D touch probe are stored in the
TNC for use whenever the touch probe is needed again. The stored values
are displayed the next time the calibration function is called.
TNC 360 2-11

Compensating workpiece misalignment

The TNC electronically compensates workpiece
misalignment by computing a “basic rotation.”
Set the ROTATION ANGLE to the angle at which a
workpiece surface should be oriented with respect
to the angle reference axis (see p. 1-12).
PA 1
A B
Fig. 2.11: Basic rotation of a workpiece, probing procedure for com-

pensation (right). The dashed line is the nominal position;
the angle PA is being compensated.
TOUCH
ENT
Select the BASIC ROTATION probe function.
BASIC ROTATION
X+ X- Y+ Y–
ROTATION ANGLE =
e.g. 0 ENT
Enter the nominal value of the rotation angle.
Move the ball tip to a starting position A near the first touch point 1 .
X+ X– Y+ Y–
or
Select the probe direction.
Probe the workpiece.

I
Move the ball tip to a starting position B near the second touch point 2 .

I
A basic rotation is kept in non-volatile storage and is effective for all

subsequent program runs and graphic simulations.
2-12 TNC 360

Displaying basic rotation

The angle of the basic rotation is shown in the
rotation angle display. When a basic rotation is
active the abbreviation ROT is highlighted in the
status display.
Fig. 2.12: Displaying the angle of an active basic rotation
To cancel a basic rotation:
Select BASIC ROTATION again.
ROTATION ANGLE =
Set the rotation angle to 0.

0 ENT
END Terminate the probing function.
TNC 360 2-13

2.5 Setting the Datum with the 3D Touch Probe System

The following functions are listed for datum setting in the TCH PROBE
menu:
• Datum setting in any axis with
SURFACE = DATUM
• Setting a corner as datum with
CORNER = DATUM
• Setting the datum at a circle center with
To set the datum in a specific axis:
Y Z
1
X
Fig. 2.13: Probing for the datum in the Z axis
Select the probe function SURFACE = DATUM.
Move the touch probe to a position near the touch point.
SURFACE = DATUM
X+ X– Y+ Y– Z+ Z–
or Select the probe direction and axis in which you wish to set the datum, for
example Z in the Z– direction.

I
e.g. 0 ENT
Enter the nominal coordinate of the datum.
2-14 TNC 360

Corner as datum
Y Y
3 2
Y=?
P P 1
X X
X=?
Fig. 2.14: Probing procedure for finding the coordinates of the
corner P
Select the CORNER = DATUM probe function.
To use the points that just probed for a basic rotation:
TOUCH POINTS OF BASIC ROTATION?
ENT
Transfer the touch point coordinates to memory.
Move the touch probe to a starting position near the first touch point on the side that was not probed for basic
rotation.
CORNER = DATUM
X+ X– Y+ Y–
or Select the probing direction.

I
Move the touch probe to a starting position near the second touch point on the same side.

I
DATUM X =
e.g. 0 ENT
Enter the first coordinate of the datum point, here for the X axis.
.
.
.
TNC 360 2-15

.
.
.
Select the second coordinate.
DATUM Y =
Enter the second coordinate of the datum, here in the Y axis.

e.g. 0 ENT
END Terminate the probe function.
If you do not wish to use points that just probed for a basic rotation:
TOUCH POINTS OF BASIC ROTATION?
NO Ignore the dialog prompt.

ENT
Probe both workpiece sides twice.
Enter the datum coordinates.
2-16 TNC 360

Circle center as datum

With this function you can set the datum at the center of bore holes,
circular pockets, cylinders, journals, circular islands etc.
Inside circle
The TNC automatically probes the inside wall in all four coordinate axis Y
directions.
For incomplete circles (circular arcs) you can choose the appropriate
probing directions. Y+
X–
10
X+
Y–
8 X
Fig. 2.15: Probing an inside cylindrical
surface to find the center
Select the CIRCLE CENTER = DATUM function.
Move the touch probe to a position approximately in the center of the circle.
X+ X– Y+ Y–
The probe touches four points on the inside of the circle.

4x I
DATUM X =
Enter the first coordinate of the datum, here in the X axis.

e.g. 8 ENT
Select the second coordinate.
DATUM Y =
e.g. 1 0 ENT Enter the second coordinate of the datum, here in the Y axis.
END Terminate the probe function.
TNC 360 2-17

Outside circle
Y
Y– 4
3
X+
X–
2
Y+
1
X
Fig. 2.16: Probing an outside cylindrical
surface to find the center
Select the CIRCLE CENTER = DATUM probe function.
Move the touch probe to a starting position 1 near the first touch point outside of the circle.
X+ X– Y+ Y–
or Select the probing direction.

I
Repeat the probing process for points 2 , 3 and 4 (see Fig. 2.16).
Enter the coordinates of the circle center.
After the probing procedure is completed, the TNC displays the coordi-
nates of the circle center and the circle radius PR.
2-18 TNC 360

2.6 Measuring with the 3D Touch Probe System

With the 3D touch probe system you can determine
• Position coordinates, and from them,
• dimensions and angles on the workpiece.
Finding the coordinate of a position on an aligned workpiece
Select the SURFACE = DATUM probe function.
Move the probe to a starting position near the touch point.
SURFACE = DATUM
X+ X– Y+ Y– Z+ Z–
or Select the direction and axis in which you wish to find the coordinate.

I
The TNC displays the coordinates of the touch point as DATUM.
Finding the coordinates of a corner in the working plane

Find the coordinates of the corner point as described under “Corner as
datum.” The TNC displays the coordinates of the probed corner as
DATUM.
TNC 360 2-19

Measuring workpiece dimensions
Y l 1
Z
X
Fig. 2.17: Measuring lengths with the 3D

touch probe
Move the probe to a starting position 1 near the first touch point.
SURFACE = DATUM
X+ X– Y+ Y– Z+ Z–
or Select the probing axis and direction.

I
If you will need the current datum later, write down the value that appears in the DATUM display.
DATUM X =
Set the DATUM to 0.

0 ENT
END Terminate the dialog.
Re-select the SURFACE = DATUM probe function.
Move the touch probe to a starting position 2 near the second touch point.
.
.
.
2-20 TNC 360

.
.
.
SURFACE = DATUM
X+ X– Y+ Y– Z+ Z–
or Select the axis direction with the cursor keys —

same axis as for 1 .

I
The value displayed as DATUM is the distance between the two points.
To return to the datum that was active before the length measurement:
Probe the first touch point again.
Set the datum to the value that you wrote down previously.
END Terminate the dialog.
Measuring angles
You can also use the 3D touch probe system to measure angles in the
working plane. You can measure
• the angle between the angle reference axis and a workpiece side, or
• the angle between two sides.
The measured angle is displayed as a value of maximum 90°.
To find the angle between the angle reference axis and a side of the workpiece:
ROTATION ANGLE =
If you will need the current basic rotation later, write down the value that appears under ROTATION ANGLE.
Make a basic rotation with the side of the workpiece (see Section “Compensating workpiece misalignment”).
.
.
.
TNC 360 2-21

2.6 Measuring with the 3D Touch Probe
.
.
.
The angle between the angle reference axis and the side of the workpiece appears as the ROTATION ANGLE in the
BASIC ROTATION function.
Cancel the basic rotation.
Restore the previous basic rotation by setting the ROTATION ANGLE to the value that you wrote down previously.
To measure the angle between two sides of a workpiece:
PA
Fig. 2.18: Measuring the angle between two

sides of a workpiece
ROTATION ANGLE =
If you will need the current basic rotation later, write down the value that appears under ROTATION ANGLE.
Make a basic rotation for the first side (see “Compensating workpiece misalignment“).
Probe the second side as for a basic rotation, but do not set the ROTATION ANGLE to zero!
The angle PA between the workpiece sides appears as the ROTATION ANGLE in the BASIC ROTATION function.
Cancel the basic rotation.
Restore the previous basic rotation by setting the ROTATION ANGLE to the value that you wrote down previously.
2-22 TNC 360

3.1 Test Run

In the TEST RUN mode of operation the TNC checks programs and
program sections for the following errors without moving the machine
axes:
• Geometrical incompatibility
• Missing data
• Impossible jumps
The following TNC functions can be used in the TEST RUN operating
mode:
• Test interruption at any block

• Optional block skip
To do a test run:
TEST RUN
TO BLOCK NUMBER =
NO Test the entire program.

ENT
e.g. 1 0 ENT
Test the program up to the entered block.
Test run functions
Function Key
STOP
• Interrupt the test run
NO
• Continue test run after interruption ENT
3-2 TNC 360

3.2 Program Run

In the PROGRAM RUN / FULL SEQUENCE mode of operation the TNC
executes a part program continuously to its end or up to a program stop.
In the PROGRAM RUN /SINGLE BLOCK mode of operation you execute

each block separately by pressing the machine START button.
The following TNC functions can be used during a program run:

• Interrupt program run
• Start program run from a certain block
• Blockwise transfer of very long programs from external storage
• Checking/changing Q parameters
• Graphic simulation of a program run
To run a part program:
• Clamp the workpiece to the machine table.

• Set the datum
• Select the program.
PROGRAM RUN / SINGLE BLOCK
or
PROGRAM RUN / FULL SEQUENCE
Select the part program.
GOTO
0 ENT Go to the first block of the program.
Run the part program.

I
Only in mode Run each block of the part program separately.

PROGRAM RUN /
SINGLE BLOCK
I
repeatedly
The feed rate and spindle speed can be changed with the override knobs.
TNC 360 3-3

3.2 Program Run
Interrupting machining
There are various ways to interrupt a program run:
• Programmed interruptions
• External STOP key
• Switching to PROGRAM RUN / SINGLE BLOCK
• EMERGENCY STOP button
If the TNC registers an error during program run, it automatically interrupts
machining.
Programmed interruptions
Interruptions can be programmed directly in the part program. The part
program is interrupted at a block containing one of the following entries:
• STOP
• Miscellaneous functions M0, M02 or M30
• Miscellaneous function M06, if the machine tool builder has assigned it
a stop function
To interrupt or abort machining immediately:

The block which the TNC is currently executing is not completed.
Interrupt machining.
The ❊ sign in the status display blinks.
The part program can be aborted with the STOP key.
STOP Abort program run.
The ❊ sign disappears from the status display.
To interrupt machining at the end of the current block:

You can interrupt the program run at the end of the current block by
switching to the PROGRAM RUN / SINGLE BLOCK.
Select PROGRAM RUN / SINGLE BLOCK.
3-4 TNC 360

3.2 Program Run
Resuming program run after an interruption

When a program run is interrupted the TNC stores:
• The data of the last called tool
• Active coordinate transformations
• The coordinates of the last defined circle center
• The count of a running program section repetition
• The number of the last CALL LBL block
Resuming program run with the START button

You can resume program run by pressing the START button if the program
was interrupted in one of the following ways:
• Pressing the machine STOP button
• A programmed interruption
• Pressing the EMERGENCY STOP button (machine-dependent
function).
Resuming program run after an error

• If the error message is not blinking:
Remove the cause of the error.
Clear the error message from the screen.

CE
Restart the program.
• If the error message is blinking:
I ON Switch off the TNC and the machine.

0
OFF
Remove the cause of the error.
Restart the program.
• If you cannot correct the error:
Write down the error message and contact your repair service agency.
TNC 360 3-5

3.3 Blockwise Transfer: Executing Long Programs

Part programs that occupy more memory than the TNC provides can be
“drip fed” block by block from an external storage device.
During program run, the TNC transfers program blocks from a floppy disk
unit or PC through its data interface, and erases them after execution. This
frees memory space for new blocks.
To prepare for blockwise transfer:

• Prepare the data interface.
• Configure the data interface with the MOD function (see page 11-3).
• If you wish to transfer a part program from a PC, adapt the TNC and PC
to each other (see pages 10-4 and 12-2).
• Ensure that the transferred program meets the following requirements:
- The highest block number must not exceed 65534. However, the
block numbers can repeat themselves as often as necessary.
- All programs called from the transferred program must be present in
TNC memory
- The transferred program must not contain:
Subprograms
Program section repetitions
Digitizing cycles (TOUCH PROBE 5.0 to 7.0)
The function FN 15:PRINT
- The TNC can store up to 20 TOOL DEF blocks.
PROGRAM RUN / SINGLE BLOCK
or
TEST RUN
EXT Select the function for blockwise transfer.
PROGRAM NUMBER
e.g. 1 0 ENT Enter the program number and start data transfer.
Execute the program blocks.

I
If the data transfer is interrupted, press the START key again.
3-6 TNC 360

3.3 Blockwise Transfer: Executing Long Programs
Jumping over blocks

The TNC can jump to any desired block in the program to begin transfer.
The preceding blocks are ignored during a program run.
Select the program and start transfer.
GOTO Go to the block number at which you wish to begin data transfer, for
e.g. 1 5 0 ENT
example 150.
Execute the transferred blocks, starting with the block number that
I you entered.
TNC 360 3-7

4 Programming
In the PROGRAMMING AND EDITING mode of operation (see page 1-19)

you can
• create,
• add to,
• edit, and
• erase files.
This chapter describes basic functions and programming input that do not
cause machine axis movement. The entry of geometry for workpiece
machining is described in the next chapter.
4.1 Editing part programs
Layout of a program
Block:
A part program consists of individual program
blocks. The TNC numbers the blocks in ascending
order. Program blocks contain units of information 10 L X+10 Y+5 R0 F100 M3
called “words.”
Path
function
Block Words
number
Fig. 4 1: Program blocks contain words of specific information
Plain language dialog

You initiate a dialog for conversational programming by pressing a function
key (see inside front cover). The TNC then asks you for all the information
necessary to program the desired function. After you have answered all
the questions, the TNC automatically ends the dialog.
You can shorten the dialog by skipping over words that need not be
programmed or ending the block immediately after entering the necessary
information.
Function Key
• Continue the dialog ENT
NO
• Ignore the dialog question ENT
END
• End the dialog immediately
DEL
• Abort the dialog and erase the block
4-2 TNC 360

4 Programming
4.1 Editing Part Programs
Editing functions
Editing means entering, adding to or changing commands for the TNC.
The TNC enables you to

• Enter data with the keyboard
• Select desired blocks and words
• Insert and erase blocks and words
• Correct erroneously entered values and commands
• Easily clear TNC messages from the screen
Types of input
Numbers, coordinate axes and radius compensation are entered directly
by keyboard. You can set the algebraic sign either before, during or after a
numerical entry.
Selecting blocks and words

• To call a block with a certain block number:
GOTO
e.g. 1 0 ENT The entered block is shown between two horizontal lines.
• To move one block forward or backward:
or Press the vertical cursor keys.
• To select individual words in a block:
or Press the horizontal cursor keys.
• To find the same word in other blocks:
or Select the word in the block.
or Jump to the same word in other blocks.
TNC 360 4-3

4 Programming
4.1 Editing Part Programs
Inserting blocks
Additional program blocks can be inserted behind any existing block
(except the PGM END block).
GOTO Select the block in front of the desired insertion.

or
Program the new block.
The block numbers of all subsequent blocks automatically increase by one.
Editing and inserting words

Highlighted words can be changed as desired: simply overwrite the old
value with the new one. Plain language dialog indicates the type of
information required. After entering the new information, press a horizon-
tal cursor key or the END key to confirm the change.
In addition to changing the existing words in a block, you can also add
new words with the aid of the plain language dialog.
Erasing blocks and words
Function Key
• Set the selected number to 0 CE
• Erase an incorrect number CE
• Clear a non-blinking error message CE
NO
• Delete the selected word ENT
DEL
• Delete the selected block
• Erase cycles and program sections: DEL
First select the last block of the cycle or

program section to be erased.
4-4 TNC 360

4 Programming
4.2 Tools
Each tool is identified by a number.
The tool data, consisting of the:
• length L, and
• radius R
are assigned to the tool number.
The tool data can be entered:

• into the individual part program in a TOOL DEF block, or
• once for each tool into a common tool table that is stored as pro-
gram 0.
Once a tool is defined, the TNC then associates its dimensions with the
tool number and accounts for them when executing positioning blocks.
Determining tool data

Tool number
Each tool is designated with a number between 0 and 254.
The tool with the number 0 is defined as having length L = 0 and radius
R = 0. In tool tables, T0 should also be defined with L = 0 and R = 0.
Tool radius R
The radius of the tool is entered directly.
Tool length L
The compensation value for the tool length is measured
• as the difference in length between the tool and a zero tool, or
• with a tool pre-setter.
A tool pre-setter eliminates the need to define a tool in terms of the
difference between its length and that of another tool.
TNC 360 4-5

4 Programming
4.2 Tools
Determining tool length with a zero tool

For the sign of the tool length L: Z
L > L0 A positive value means the tool is longer
than the zero tool.
L < L0 A negative value means the tool is L1 >0
shorter than the zero tool. L0
L2 <0
Fig. 4.2: Tool lengths can be given as the difference from the zero
tool
Move the zero tool to the reference position in the tool axis (e.g. workpiece surface with Z = 0).
If necessary, set the datum in the tool axis to 0.
Change tools.
Move the new tool to the same reference position as the zero tool.
The TNC displays the compensation value for the length L.
Write the value down and enter it later.
Enter the display value by using the “actual position capture” function (see page 4-19).
4-6 TNC 360

4 Programming
4.2 Tools
Entering tool data into the program

The following data can be entered for each tool in the part program:
• Tool number
• Tool length compensation value L
• Tool radius R
To enter tool data in the program block:
TOOL
DEF TOOL NUMBER?
Designate the tool with a number, for example 5.

e.g. 5 ENT
TOOL LENGTH L?
Enter the compensation value for the tool length, for example
e.g. 1 0 ENT
L = 10 mm.
TOOL RADIUS R?
Enter the tool radius, e.g. R = 5 mm.

e.g. 5 ENT
Resulting NC block: TOOL DEF 5 L+10 R+5
You can enter the tool length L directly in the tool definition by using the “actual position capture” function
(see page 4-19).
TNC 360 4-7

4 Programming
4.2 Tools
Entering tool data in program 0

The data for all tools can be entered in a common tool table. The number
of tools in the table is selected through the machine parameter MP 7260.
If your machine uses an automatic tool changer, the tool data must be
stored in the tool table.
Editing the tool table (program 0)

NR
PROGRAM NUMBER =
0 ENT
Select the tool table.
In the ELECTRONIC HANDWHEEL and MANUAL modes of operation, you can call the tool table at any time by
simply pressing ENT.
Data in the tool table

The tool table contains further information in
addition to the tool dimensions.
Fig. 4.3: Tool table
Abbreviation Input Dialog
T Tool number: the number with which the tool is called –

from the part program
S Special tool with large radius requiring more than one SPECIAL TOOL?
pocket in the tool magazine. A certain number of pockets YES = ENT / NO = NO ENT
is kept vacant on each side of the special tool. The letter S
then appears in front of the tool number.
P Pocket number of the tool in the magazine POCKET NUMBER?

L Compensation value for the Length of the tool TOOL LENGTH L?
R Radius of the tool TOOL RADIUS R?
4-8 TNC 360

4 Programming
4.2 Tools
Calling tool data

The following data can be programmed in the TOOL CALL block:
• Tool number
• Spindle axis
• Spindle speed in rpm
To call the tool data:
TOOL
CALL TOOL NUMBER?
5 ENT Enter the number of the tool as it was defined in a tool table or in a
e.g.
“TOOL DEF” block, for example 5.
WORKING SPINDLE AXIS X/Y/Z?
e.g. Z Enter the spindle axis, for example Z.
SPINDLE SPEED S IN RPM?
e.g. 5 0 0 Enter the desired spindle speed, such as S = 500 rpm.
ENT
Resulting NC block: TOOL CALL 5 Z S500
Tool pre-selection with tool tables

If you are using tool tables, you can indicate which tool you will next need
by entering a TOOL DEF block. Simply enter the tool number.
TNC 360 4-9

4 Programming
4.2 Tools
Tool change
The TNC can work with either automatic or manual tool change.
Automatic tool change

If your machine is built for automatic tool changing, the TNC controls the
replacement of the inserted tool by another from the tool magazine. The
program run is not interrupted.
Manual tool change

To change the tool manually, stop the spindle and move the tool to the
tool change position. Sequence of action:
• Interrupt program run (see page 3-4)
• Move to the tool change position (under program control, if desired)
• Change the tool
• Continue the program run (see page 3-5)
Tool change position

A tool change position must lie next to or above the workpiece to prevent
tool collision. With the miscellaneous functions M91 and M92 (see page 5-
39) you can enter machine-referenced rather than workpiece-referenced
coordinates for the tool change position.
If TOOL CALL 0 is programmed before the first tool call, the TNC moves
the spindle to an uncompensated position.
4-10 TNC 360

4 Programming
4.3 Tool Compensation Values

For each tool, the TNC adjusts the spindle path in
the tool axis by the compensation value for the tool
length. In the working plane it compensates the
tool radius.
Fig. 4.4 : The TNC must compensate the length and radius of the tool
Effect of tool compensation values

Tool length
Length compensation becomes effective automatically as soon as a tool is
called and the tool axis moves.
To cancel length compensation, call a tool with the length L = 0.
If a positive length compensation was in effect before TOOL CALL 0, the clearance to the workpiece is reduced.
If the tool axis is moved immediately after a TOOL CALL, the difference in length between the old and new tools is
added to the programmed value.
Tool radius
Radius compensation becomes effective as soon as a tool is called and is
moved in the working plane with RL or RR.
To cancel radius compensation, program a positioning block with R0.
TNC 360 4-11

4 Programming
Tool radius compensation

Tool traverse can be programmed:
• Without radius compensation: R0
• With radius compensation: RL or RR START
• As single-axis movements with R+ or R–
Fig. 4.5: Programmed contour (–, +) and the path of the tool
center (- - -)
Traverse without radius compensation: R0
The tool center moves to the programmed coordi-
nates.
Applications:
• Drilling and boring
• Pre-positioning Y
X
Y
Fig. 4.6: These drilling positions are entered without radius

compensation
To position without radius compensation:
TOOL RADIUS COMP.: RL/RR/NO COMP.?
ENT
Select tool movement without radius compensation.
.
.
.
4-12 TNC 360

4 Programming
Traverse with radius compensation RR, RL

The tool center moves to the left (RL) or to the right (RR) of the pro-
grammed contour at a distance equal to the tool radius. “Right” or “left”
is meant as seen in the direction of tool movement as if the workpiece
were stationary.
Y RL Y RR
R R
R X R X
Fig. 4.7: The tool moves to the left (RL) or to the right (RR) of the workpiece during milling
To position with radius compensation:

.
.
.
TOOL RADIUS COMP.: RL/RR/NO COMP.?
R-L Select tool movement to the left of the programmed contour.
Select tool movement to the right of the programmed contour.

R+R
Radius compensation RR/RL is not in effect until the end of the block in
which it is first programmed.
Between two program blocks with differing radius compensation you must program at least one block without radius
compensation (that is, with R0).
TNC 360 4-13

4 Programming
Shortening or lengthening single-axis movements R+, R–

This type of radius compensation is possible only for single-axis move-
ments in the working plane: The programmed tool path is shortened (R-)
or lengthened (R+) by the tool radius.
Applications:
• Single-axis machining
• Occasionally for pre-positioning the tool, such as for the SLOT
MILLING cycle.
R+ and R– are activated by opening a positioning block with an orange axis key.
Machining corners
Outside corners
The TNC moves the tool in a transitional arc around
outside corners. The tool “rolls around” the corner
point.
If necessary, the feed rate F is automatically

reduced at outside corners to reduce machine
strain, for example for very sharp changes in
direction. RL
Fig. 4.8: The tool “rolls around” outside corners
If you work without radius compensation, you can influence the machining of outside corners with M90
(see page 5-36).
Inside corners
The TNC calculates the intersection of the tool
center paths at inside corners. From this point it
then starts the next contour element. This prevents RR RR
damage to the workpiece at inside corners.
When two or more inside corners adjoin, the

chosen tool radius must be small enough to fit in
the programmed contour. S S
Fig. 4.9: Tool path for inside corners
4-14 TNC 360

4 Programming
4.4 Program Creation
To create a new part program:
PGM Call the file directory.

NR
Select any program.
PROGRAM NUMBER =
7 4 3 2 Enter the number of the new program, for example 7432.

e.g. ENT
MM = ENT / INCH = NO ENT
ENT or NO Indicate whether the dimensions will be entered in millimeter or in

ENT
inches.
Two program blocks then appear in the TNC screen.
0 BEGIN PGM 7432 MM
Block 0: Program beginning, name, unit of measure.
1 END PGM 7432 MM
Block 1: Program end, name, unit of measure.
The TNC generates the block numbers and the

BEGIN and END blocks automatically. The unit of
measure used in the program appears behind the
program name.
Defining the blank form – BLK FORM

Z
If you wish to use the TNC's graphic workpiece simulation you must first
define a rectangular workpiece blank. Its sides lie parallel to the X, Y and Z
axes and can be up to 30 000 mm long. Y MAX
To start the dialog for blank form definition, press the BLK FORM key.
X
MIN and MAX points
The blank form is defined by two of its corner points:
• The MIN point — the smallest X, Y and Z coordinates of the blank form,
entered as absolute values.
• The MAX point — the largest X, Y and Z coordinates of the blank form,
entered as absolute or incremental values. MIN
Fig. 4.10: The MIN and MAX points define

the blank form
The ratio of the blank-form side lengths must be less than 84:1.
TNC 360 4-15

4 Programming
4.5 Entering Tool-Related Data

Z
Besides the tool data and compensation, you must
also enter the following information: S S
• Feed rate F Y
• Spindle speed S F
• Miscellaneous functions M
X
The tool-related data can be determined with the
aid of diagrams (see page 12-15).
Fig. 4.11 : Feed rate F and spindle speed S of the tool
Feed Rate F
The feed rate is the speed in (mm/min or inch/min) with which the tool
center moves.
Input range:
F = 0 to 29 999 mm/min (1181 inch/min)
The maximum feed rate is set in machine parameters individually for each
axis.
To set the feed rate:

Answer the following dialog question in the positioning block:
FEED RATE F = ? / F MAX = ENT
e.g. 1 0 0 ENT
Enter the feed rate F, for example F = 100 mm/min.
The question does not always appear with F MAX.
Rapid traverse
If you wish to program rapid traverse, press ENT for FMAX. If you know
the maximum traverse speed, you can also program it directly. FMAX is
effective only for the block in which it is programmed.
Duration of feed rate F

A feed rate that is entered as a numerical value remains in effect until the
control executes a block in which another feed rate has been pro-
grammed.
If the new feed rate is FMAX, after that block is executed the feed rate
returns to the last numerically entered feed rate.
Changing the feed rate F

You can vary the feed rate by turning the knob for feed rate override on
the TNC keyboard (see page 2-5).
4-16 TNC 360

4 Programming
4.5 Entering Tool-Related Data
Spindle speed S
Enter the spindle speed S in revolutions per minute (rpm) in the TOOL
CALL block.
Input range:
S = 0 to 99 999 rpm
To change the spindle speed S in the part program:
TOOL Press the TOOL CALL key.

CALL
TOOL NUMBER?
NO Ignore the prompt for the tool number.

ENT
WORKING SPINDLE AXIS X / Y / Z?
NO Ignore the prompt for the tool axis.

ENT
SPINDLE SPEED S?
0 Enter the spindle speed S, for example 1000 rpm.

e.g. 1 0 0 ENT
Resulting NC block: TOOL CALL S1000
To change the spindle speed S during program run:
100
You can vary the spindle speed S on machines with stepless
ballscrew drives by turning the spindle speed override knob on the
50 150
TNC keyboard.
S%
0
TNC 360 4-17

4 Programming
4.6 Entering Miscellaneous Functions and STOP

The M functions (M for miscellaneous) affect:
• Program run
• Machine functions
• Tool behavior
On the inside back cover of this manual you will find a list of M functions
that are predetermined for the TNC. The list indicates whether an M
function begins at the start or at the end of the block in which it is pro-
grammed.
Answer the following prompts in a positioning block:

.
.
.
MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION M?
e.g. 3 ENT
Enter the miscellaneous function, for example M3 (spindle on,
clockwise rotation).
.
.
.
To enter an M function in a STOP block:
e.g. 5 ENT
Enter the miscellaneous function, for example M5 (spindle stop).
Resulting NC block: STOP M5
If the M function was programmed in a STOP block, program run will be

interrupted at that block.
Some M functions are not effective on certain machines. The machine tool builder may also add some of his own M
functions.
A program run or test run is interrupted when it reaches a block containing

the STOP function.
An M function can be programmed in a STOP block.
If you wish to interrupt the program run or program test for a certain
duration, use the cycle 9: DWELL TIME (see page 8-38).
To enter a STOP function:
STOP Press the STOP key.
MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION M ?
Enter an M function, if desired, for example M6 (tool change).

e.g. 6 ENT
Resulting NC block: STOP M6
4-18 TNC 360

4 Programming
4.7 Actual Position Capture

Z
Sometimes you may want to enter the actual po-
sition of the tool in a specific axis as a coordinate in
a part program. Instead of reading the actual posi-
tion values and entering them with the numeric
keypad, you can simply press the “actual position
capture” key. Y
A machine parameter determines whether the
coordinates are written into an existing L block or a X
new block is generated (see also page 11-5).
This feature can be used, for example, to enter the

tool length (see page 4-7).
Fig. 4.12: Storing the actual position in the TNC
To capture the actual position:
MANUAL OPERATION
Move the tool to the position that you wish to capture.
Select or create the block in which you wish to enter the actual position of the tool.
COORDINATES?
e.g. X Select the axis in which you wish to capture a coordinate, for
example X.
Transfer the actual position coordinate to the program.
Enter the radius compensation according the position of the tool relative to the workpiece.
TNC 360 4-19

4 Programming
Generating a new L block with the actual position coordinates
In the PROGRAMMING AND EDITING mode, select the block behind which the L-block should be added.
MANUAL OPERATION
Move the tool to the position that you wish to capture.
The coordinates of the actual position are written into an L block.
The generated L block is inserted after the block selected in the PRO-
GRAMMING AND EDITING mode. The L block has no tool radius compen-
sation, feed rate, or M function. These must be added if needed.
You can use the MOD function to define which axis coordinates are placed in the new L block (see page 11-5).
The machine and TNC must be prepared by the machine tool builder for this feature.
4-20 TNC 360

5.1 General Information on Programming Tool Movements

A tool movement is always programmed as if the
tool is moving and the workpiece is stationary.
Always pre-position the tool at the beginning of a part program to prevent the possibility of damaging the tool or
workpiece.
Path functions
X
Each element of the workpiece contour is entered
separately using path functions. The various path
functions produce:
• Straight lines
• Circular arcs
You can also program a combination of the two
(helical paths).
Fig. 5.1: A contour consists of a combination of straight lines and

circular arcs
The contour elements are executed in sequence to

machine the programmed contour.
L
L
L CC
Fig. 5.2: Contour elements are programmed and executed in sequence
5-2 TNC 360

5.1 General Information on Programming Tool Movements
Subprograms and program section repeats

If a machining sequence repeats itself in a program, you can save time
and reduce the chance of programming error by entering the sequence
once and defining it as a subprogram or program section repeat.
Programming possibilities:
• To repeat a machining routine immediately after it is executed (program
section repeat)
• To insert a machining routine at certain locations in a program (sub-
program)
• To call a separate program for execution or test run within the main
program (program call)
Cycles
Common machining routines are delivered with the control as standard
cycles. The TNC features fixed cycles for:
• Peck drilling
• Tapping
• Slot milling
• Pocket and island milling
Coordinate transformation cycles can be used to change the coordinates

of a machining sequence in a defined way, i.e.:
• Datum shift
• Mirroring
• Basic rotation
• Enlarging and reducing
Parameter programming
Instead of numerical values you enter markers in the program, so-called
parameters, which are defined through mathematical functions or logical
comparisons. You can use parametric programming for:
• Conditional and unconditional jumps
• Measurements with the 3D touch probe during program run
• Output of values and measurements
• Transferring values to and from memory
The following mathematical functions are available:
• Assign
• Addition/Subtraction
• Multiplication/Division
• Angle measurement/Trigonometry
etc.
TNC 360 5-3

5.2 Contour Approach and Departure

An especially convenient way to approach and depart a workpiece is on a tangential arc. This is done with the
“corner rounding” function (RND) (see page 5-25).
Starting and end positions

Starting position
The tool moves from the starting position to the first contour point. The
starting position is programmed without radius compensation.
The starting position must be:
• approachable without collision
• near the first contour point
• located to prevent contour damage during workpiece approach A
If you choose a starting position within the hatch marked area of Figure
5.3 the tool will damage the contour as it approaches the first contour
point.
The best starting position S lies on the extension of the tool path for
machining the first contour element.
S R0
Fig. 5.3: Starting position S for contour

approach
First contour point
Workpiece machining starts at the first contour point. The tool moves on a
radius-compensated path to this point.
RL
RL A
Fig. 5.4: First contour point A for machin-

ing
Approaching the starting point in the spindle axis.

The spindle moves to its working depth as it approaches the starting
position S .
If there is any danger of collision, move the spindle axis separately to the
starting position.
Example: L X ... Y ... Positioning in X/Y
L Z–10 Positioning in Z
Fig. 5.5: Move the spindle axis separately if

there is any danger of collision
5-4 TNC 360

End position
The end position, like the starting point, must be
• approachable without collision
• near the last contour point
• located to prevent contour damage during workpiece departure
The best end position E lies on the extension of the tool path. The end
position can be located anywhere outside of the hatch marked area in A
Fig. 5.6. It is approached without radius compensation.
S R0
Fig. 5.6: End position E after machining
Departing the end position in the spindle axis

The spindle axis is moved separately when the end position is departed.
Example: L X ... Y ... R0 approaching the end position
L Z+50 retracting the tool
Fig. 5.7: Retract separately in the spindle

axis
Common starting and end position

A common starting and end position SE can be located outside of the
hatch marked area in the figures.
The best common starting and end position lies exactly between the
extensions of the tool paths for machining the first and last contour
elements.
A
A common starting and end position is approached without radius com-
pensation.
SE
R0
Fig. 5.8: Common starting and end position
TNC 360 5-5

Smooth approach and departure

With the RND function the tool approaches and departs the workpiece at
a tangent. This prevents dwell marks on the workpiece surface.
RL
Starting and end position
The starting S and end E positions of machining lie outside of the
workpiece and near the first and last contour elements, respectively.
R A
The tool path to the starting and end positions are programmed without
radius compensation.
R0
Fig. 5.9: Smooth approach onto a contour
Input
The RND function is entered at the following locations in the program:
• During contour approach: after the block in which the first contour point
is programmed, i.e. after the first RL/RR radius-compensated B
block.
• During contour departure: after the block in which the last contour point RL
is programmed, i.e. after the last RL/RR radius-compensated
block.
R
E
R0
Fig. 5.10: Smooth departure from a contour
Program example
.
.
.
L X ... Y ... R0 ... ..................................................... Starting position S
L X ... Y ... RL ... ..................................................... First contour point A
RND R ... .................................................................... Smooth approach
.
.
.
Contour elements
.
.
.
L X ... Y ... RL ... ..................................................... Last contour point B
RND R ... .................................................................... Smooth departure
L X ... Y ... R0 ... ..................................................... End position E
For proper execution of an RND function, a radius must be chosen such that the arc can connect the start or end
point with the contour point.
5-6 TNC 360

5.3 Path Functions
General information
Part program input
To create a part program you enter the dimensional information given on
the workpiece drawing. The workpiece coordinates are entered as relative
or absolute values.
You normally program a contour element by entering its end point.
The TNC automatically calculates the tool path from the tool data and the
radius compensation.
Machine axis movement under program control

All axes programmed in a single block are moved simultaneously.
Paraxial movement
Paraxial movement means that the tool path is parallel to the programmed
Z
axis. L X +100
Number of axes programmed in the NC block: 1
Y
X
100
Fig. 5.11: Paraxial movement
Movement in the main planes

Z
With this type of movement the tool moves to the programmed position
on a straight line or circular arc in a “working plane.” L X +70 Y +50
Y
X
50
70
Fig. 5.12: Movement in a main plane (X/Y

plane)
TNC 360 5-7

5.3 Path Functions
Movement of three machine axes (3D movement)

Z
The tool moves in a straight line to the programmed position.
L X +80 Y 0 Z –10
Exception: A helical path is created by combining a circular movement in

a plane with a linear movement perpendicular to the plane.
Y
X
10 80
Fig. 5.13: Three-dimensional tool movement
Overview of path functions

The path function keys determine the type of contour element and initiate
the plain language dialog.
Function Key Tool movement
Line L Straight line
Circle Center CC Coordinates of a circle center or pole
Circle C Circular arc around a circle center CC to an

arc end point
Circle by Radius CR Circular arc with a certain radius
Circle, Tangential CT Circular arc with a tangential connection to

the previous contour element
RouNDing of corners RND Circular arc with tangential connection to the

previous and subsequent contour elements
5-8 TNC 360

5.4 Path Contours – Cartesian Coordinates
Straight line
To program a straight line, you enter:
• The coordinates of the end point E
• If necessary:
Radius compensation, feed rate, miscellaneous function
E
The tool moves in a straight line from its starting position S to the end
point E . The starting position was reached in the previous block.
Fig. 5.14: A linear movement
To program a straight line:
L
COORDINATES?
If necessary Identify coordinates as relative values.
Press the orange axis-selection key, for example X.

e.g. X
Enter the coordinate of the end point, for example 50 mm.
e.g. 5 0
If necessary If a coordinate is negative, press the +/- key.

+/
Enter all further coordinates of the end point.

e.g. Y
.
.
.
e.g. Z
ENT
After entering all coordinates, close the dialog with the ENT key.
.
.
.
TNC 360 5-9

.
.
.
TOOL RADIUS COMP.: RL / RR / NO COMP. ?
The tool must move to the left of the programmed contour to com-
R-L pensate its own radius.
The tool must move to the right of the programmed contour to

R+R compensate its own radius.
ENT The tool moves directly to the end point.
FEED RATE F = ? / F MAX = ENT
Enter the feed rate of the tool on the straight line, for example
e.g. 1 0 0 ENT
100 mm/min.
ENT Enter rapid tool traverse, F = FMAX.
e.g. 3 ENT
Enter a miscellaneous function, if appropriate, for example M3
(spindle on, clockwise rotation).
Resulting NC block: L IX–50 Y+10 Z–20 RR F100 M3
5-10 TNC 360

Example for exercise: Milling a rectangle
Coordinates of the corner points:

1 X = 5 mm Y = 5 mm Z
2 X = 5 mm Y = 95 mm
3 X = 95 mm Y = 95 mm
4 X = 95 mm Y = 5 mm Y
3
Milling depth: Z = –10 mm 100 2

95
4
X
1
95
5 100
–10
5
Part program
0 BEGIN PGM 360511 MM ................................... Begin program; program number 360511; dimensions in
millimeters
1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 ..................... Define blank form for graphic workpiece simulation
(MIN and MAX point)
3 TOOL DEF 1 L+0 R+5
4 TOOL CALL 1 Z S1000 ....................................... Define tool in the program; call tool in the spindle axis Z;
spindle speed S = 1000 rpm
5 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M6 ....................................... Retract in the spindle axis; rapid traverse; insert tool
6 L X–10 Y–10 FMAX ............................................. Pre-position in X and Y; rapid traverse
7 L Z–10 FMAX M3 ............................................... Move to working depth; rapid traverse; spindle on with
clockwise rotation
8 L X+5 Y+5 RL F100 ............................................ Move to first contour point – corner point 1 – with radius
compensation (RL) and reduced feed rate (F 100)
9 L Y+95 ................................................................ Move to second contour point – corner point 2: all values that
remain the same as in block 8 need not be re-programmed
10 L X+95 ................................................................ Move to third contour point – corner point 3
11 L Y+5 .................................................................. Move to fourth contour point – corner point 4
12 L X+5 Y+5 .......................................................... Conclude milling, return to first contour point
13 L X–10 Y–10 R0 FMAX ....................................... For safety reasons, retract in X and Y; rapid traverse
14 L Z+100 FMAX M2 ............................................. Move tool to setup clearance; rapid traverse;
spindle off, coolant off, program stop,
Return jump to block 1
15 END PGM 360511 MM ...................................... End of program
TNC 360 5-11

Chamfer
1
The chamfer function permits you to cut off corners at the intersection of
two straight lines. L
E
S
2
Fig. 5.15: Chamfer from S to Z
You enter the length to be removed from each side of the corner.
Prerequisites:
1 S E
• The blocks before and after the chamfer block must be in the same
working plane.
• The radius compensation before and after the chamfer block must Z
bethe same.
• An inside chamfer must be large enough to accommodate the
currenttool.
2
Fig. 5.16: Tool radius too large
• You cannot start a contour with a chamfer block.

• A chamfer is only possible in the working plane.
• The feed rate for chamfering is taken from the previous block.
• The corner point E is cut off by the chamfer and is not part of the resulting contour.
To program a chamfer:
L Select the “straight line” function.
COORDINATES?
e.g. 5 ENT Enter the length to be removed from each side of the corner, for
example 5 mm.
Resulting NC block: L5
5-12 TNC 360

Example for exercise: Chamfering a corner
Coordinates of the Z
corner points E : X = 95 mm
Y = 5 mm
Chamfer length: L = 10 mm
Milling depth: Z = –15 mm 100 Y
Tool radius: R = +10 mm
5 15
–15
85 E
95
100
Part program
0 BEGIN PGM 360513 MM ................................... Begin program

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20 ........................ Workpiece blank MIN point
2 BLK FORM X+100 Y+100 Z+0 ........................... Workpiece blank MAX point
3 TOOL DEF 5 L+5 R+10 ...................................... Tool definition
4 TOOL CALL 5 Z S500 ......................................... Tool call
5 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M6 ....................................... Retract spindle and insert tool
6 L X–10 Y–5 FMAX ............................................... Pre-position in X, Y
7 L Z–15 FMAX M3 ............................................... Pre-position to the working depth
8 L X+0 Y+5 RR F200 ............................................ Move with radius compensation (RR) and reduced feed (F200)
to the first contour point
9 L X+95 Y+5 ........................................................ Program the first straight line for corner E
10 L 10 ..................................................................... Chamfer block: inserts a chamfer with L = 10 mm
11 L X+95 Y+100 .................................................... Program the second straight line for corner E
12 L X+110 Y+110 R0 FMAX .................................. Retract the tool in X, Y (12) and Z (13); return to block 1 (13)
and end program
13 L Z+100 FMAX M2
14 END PGM 360513 MM
TNC 360 5-13

Circle and circular arcs

The TNC can control two machine axes simultane-
ously to move the tool in a circular path.
Y Y
CC
YCC
X XCC X
Fig. 5-17: Circular arc and circle center
Circle Center CC
You can define a circular movement by entering its
center CC.
A circle center can also serve as reference (pole) for
polar coordinates. Y Z
CC
X
YCC
XCC
Fig. 5.18: Circle center coordinates
Direction of Rotation DR
When there is no tangential transition to another Z
contour element, enter the mathematical direction
of rotation DR, where
DR+
• a clockwise direction of rotation is mathematical- Y DR–
ly negative: DR- CC
• a counterclockwise direction of rotation is CC X
mathematically positive: DR+
Fig. 5.19: Direction of rotation for circular movements
5-14 TNC 360

Radius compensation in circular paths

You cannot begin radius compensation in a circle block. It must be
activated beforehand in a line block.
Circles in the main planes

When you program a circle, the TNC assigns it to Spindle axis Main plane
one of the main planes. This plane is automatically
defined when you set the spindle axis during TOOL
CALL.
Z XY
Y ZX
X YZ
Fig. 5.20: Defining the spindle axis also defines the main plane
You can program circles that do not lie parallel to a main plane by using Q parameters. See Chapter 7.
Circle Center CC
If you program an arc using the C path function key, you must first define
the circle center CC by: Y
• entering the Cartesian coordinates of the circle center
• using the circle center defined in an earlier block
• capturing the actual position
CC
Y
You can define the last programmed position as circle center CC by
entering an empty CC block.
X X
Fig. 5.21: Circle center CC
Duration of a circle center definition

A circle center definition remains effective until a new circle center is
defined.
TNC 360 5-15

Entering CC in relative values

If you enter the circle center with relative coordi- Y
nates, you have defined it relative to the last
programmed tool position.
CC
IY
IX X
Fig. 5.22: Incremental circle center coordinates
• The circle center CC also serves as pole for polar coordinates

• CC defines a position as a circle center. The resulting contour is located on the circle, not on the circle center.
To program a circle center (pole):
CC
COORDINATES?
e.g. X Select the coordinate axis, for example X.
e.g. 2 0 ENT Enter the coordinate for the circle center in this axis, for example
X = 20 mm.
Select the second coordinate axis, for example Y.

e.g. Y
e.g. 1 0 +/ Enter the coordinate of the circle center, for example Y = –10 mm.
ENT
Resulting NC block: CC X+20 Y-10
5-16 TNC 360

Circular Path C Around the Center Circle CC

Prerequisites E
The circle center CC must have been previously defined in the program.
The tool is located at the arc starting point S .
Input
• Arc end point
• Direction of rotation (DR)
S
CC
Fig. 5.23: A circular arc from S to E

around CC
The starting and end points of the arc must lie on the circle.
Input tolerance: up to 0,016 mm.
• To program a full circle, enter the same point for

the end point as for the start point in a C-block.
Y
Y
E
YE
CC
S E YCC
YS CC
S
XS XCC XE X
X
Fig. 5.24: Full circle around CC with a C- Fig. 5.25: Coordinates of a circular arc
block
TNC 360 5-17

To program a circular arc C around a circle center CC:
C
COORDINATES?
e.g. X 5 Enter the first coordinate of the arc end point, for example
IX = 5 mm.
e.g. Y +/ 5 Enter the second coordinate of the arc end point, for example Y = –
5 mm.
ENT
Terminate coordinate entry.
ROTATION CLOCKWISE: DR-?
1x +/ or 2x +/ Select negative (DR-) or positive (DR+) direction of rotation.
ENT
If necessary, enter also:

• Radius compensation
• Feed rate
• Miscellaneous function
Resulting NC block: C IX+5 Y-5 DR–
5-18 TNC 360

Example for exercise: Milling a full circle in one block
Circle center CC: X = 50 mm

Y = 50 mm
Z
Beginning and end
of a circle center C: X = 50 mm
Y = 0 mm
Milling depth: Z = –5 mm
Y
Tool radius: R = 15 mm
CC
X
50
–5 50
Part program
0 BEGIN 360519 MM ............................................ Begin program

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20 ........................ Define workpiece blank
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL DEF 6 L+0 R+15 ...................................... Define tool
4 TOOL CALL 6 Z S500 ......................................... Call tool
5 CC X+50 Y+50 .................................................... Coordinates of the circle center CC
6 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M6 ....................................... Insert tool
7 L X+50 Y–40 FMAX ............................................ Pre-position the tool
8 L Z–5 FMAX M3
9 L X+50 Y+0 RL F100 .......................................... Move under radius compensation to the first contour point
10 RND R10 ............................................................. Smooth approach
11 C X+50 Y+0 DR– ................................................ Mill circular arc C around circle center CC; end point coordi-
nates X = +50 mm and Y = 0; negative direction of rotation
12 RND R10 ............................................................. Smooth departure
13 L X+50 Y–40 R0 FMAX
14 L Z+100 FMAX M2
15 END PGM 360519 MM ...................................... Retract tool and end program
TNC 360 5-19

Circular path CR with defined radius

The tool moves on a circular path with the radius R.
Input E
R
• Coordinates of the arc end point
• Arc radius R
• Direction of rotation DR
Fig. 5.26: Circular path from S to E with

radius R
• To program a full circle with CR you must enter two successive CR-
blocks.
• The distance from the starting point to the end point cannot be
larger than the diameter of the circle.
• The maximum permissible radius is 30 m (9.8 ft).
E1=S2
S1=E2
Fig. 5.27: Full circle with two CR-blocks
Arc radius R
Starting point S and end point E can be con-
nected by four different arcs with the same radius.
The arcs differ in their curvatures and lengths. CCA
To program a large semicircle enter the radius R

with a negative sign (R<0). R R
S E
CCA
S E
To program a arc small semicircle: enter the radius R R
R with a positive sign (R>0).
CCA>180° CCA<180°
Fig. 5.28: Circular arcs with central angles greater than and less than
180°
5-20 TNC 360

Direction of rotation DR and arc shape

This direction of rotation determines whether the arc is
• convex (curved outward) or
RL,DR–,(R<0)
Fig. 5.29: Convex path
• concave (curved inward)
RL,DR+,(R>0)
Fig. 5.30: Concave path
To program a circular arc with defined radius:
CR
COORDINATES?
e.g. X 1 0 Enter the coordinates of the arc end point, for example X = 10 mm, Y
= 2 mm.
Y 2 ENT
CIRCLE RADIUS (SIGN)?
e.g. 5 +/ ENT
Enter the arc radius, for example R = 5 mm; and determine the size
of the arc using the sign, here the negative sign.
1x +/ or 2x +/ Define the circular arc with a negative (DR–) or positive direction of

rotation (DR+).
ENT

• Feed rate
Resulting NC block: CR X+10 Y+2 R–5 DR– RL
TNC 360 5-21

Example for exercise: Milling a concave semicircle
Semicircle radius: R = 50 mm
arc starting point: X = 0
Y = 0
Coordinates of the
arc end point: X = 100 mm Y
Y = 0
Milling depth: Z = 18 mm 100
X
50
100
–18
–20
Part program
0 BEGIN PGM 360522 M ...................................... Begin program

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20 ........................ Define the workpiece blank
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL DEF 2 L+0 R+25 ...................................... Define the tool
4 TOOL CALL 2 Z S2000 ....................................... Call the tool
5 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M6 ....................................... Insert and pre-position the tool
6 L X+25 Y–30 FMAX
7 L Z–18 FMAX M3
8 L X+0 Y+0 RR F100 ............................................ First contour point
9 CR X+100 Y+0 R+50 DR– .................................. Mill circular arc CR to the end point X = 100 mm, Y = 0; radius
R = 50 mm, negative direction of rotation
10 L X+70 Y–30 R0 FMAX
11 L Z+100 FMAX M2
12 END PGM 360522 MM ...................................... Retract the tool and end the program
5-22 TNC 360

Circular path CT with tangential connection

The tool moves in an arc that starts at a tangent
with the previously programmed contour element.
S
A transition between two contour elements is
called tangential when one contour element makes 1 2
a smooth and continuous transition to the next.
There is no visible corner at the intersection.
Input
Coordinates of the arc end point E
Fig. 5.31: The straight line 1 - 2 is connected tangentially to the

circular arc S - E
L1 S
CT3
CT2
L2 CT1
L3
E
Fig. 5.32: The path of a tangential arc depends on the preceding

contour element
Prerequisites:
• The contour element to which the tangential arc connects must be
programmed immediately before the CT block.
• There must be at least two positioning blocks defining the tangentially
connected contour element before the CT block.
A tangential arc is a two-dimensional operation: the coordinates in the CT block and in the positioning block before it
should be in the plane of the arc.
TNC 360 5-23

To program a circular path CT with tangential connection:
CT
COORDINATES?
e.g. X 5 0 Enter the coordinates of the arc end point, for example IX = 50 mm,
IY = –10 mm.
Y +/ 1 0
ENT

• Feed rate
Resulting NC block: CT IX+50 IY-10 RR
Example for exercise: Circular arc connecting to a straight line
transition point from
the line to the arc: X = 10 mm
Y = 40 mm
Y
Coordinates of the
arc end point: X = 50 mm
Y = 50 mm 100
90
Tool radius: R = 20 mm X
50
40 100
50
–15
10
Part program

2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
4 TOOL CALL 2 Z S 1000 ...................................... Call the tool
5 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M6 ....................................... Insert the tool
6 L X+30 Y–30 FMAX ............................................ Pre-position the tool
7 L Z–15 FMAX M3
8 L X+50 Y+0 RL F100 .......................................... First contour point
9 L X+10 Y+40 ...................................................... Straight line connecting tangentially to the arc
10 CT X +50 Y +50 .................................................. Arc to end point with coordinates X = 50 mm and Y =
50 mm; Connects tangentially to the straight line in block 9
11 L X+100 .............................................................. End of contour
12 L X+130 Y+70 R0 FMAX
13 L Z+100 FMAX M2 ............................................. Retract tool and end program
5-24 TNC 360

Corner rounding RND

The tool moves in an arc that connects tangentially
both with the preceding and the subsequent
elements. The RND function is useful for:
• Rounding corners
1
G1
R
E
G2
Fig. 5.33: Rounding radius R between G1 and G2
• Approaching and departing contours on a tangent

S
Input
• Radius of the arc
• Feed rate for RND
R
Prerequisite
On inside corners, the rounding arc must be large enough to accommo-
date the tool.
Fig. 5.34: Smooth approach with RND
• In the preceding and subsequent blocks both coordinates should lie in the plane of the arc.
• The corner point E is cut off by the rounding arc and is not part of the contour.
• A feed rate programmed in the RND block is effective only in that block. After the RND block the previous feed
rate becomes effective again.
TNC 360 5-25

To program a tangential arc between two contour elements:
RND
ROUNDING OFF RADIUS R?
Enter the rounding radius, for example R = 10 mm.

e.g. 1 0 ENT
FEED RATE? F=
Enter the feed rate for the rounding radius, here F = 100 mm/min.
e.g. 1 0 0
ENT
Resulting NC block: RND 10 F 100
Example for exercise: Rounding a corner
Coordinates of
the corner point: X = 95 mm
Z
Y = 5 mm
Rounding radius: R = 20 mm
Tool radius: R = 10 mm Y
100
R = 20 X
100
5 95
–15
Part program

2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
4 TOOL CALL 1 Z S1500 ....................................... Call the tool
5 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M6 ....................................... Insert the tool
6 L X–10 Y–5 FMAX ............................................... Pre-position the workpiece
7 L Z–15 FMAX M3
8 L X+0 Y+5 RR F100 ............................................ First contour element
9 L X+95 ................................................................ First straight line for the corner
10 RND R20 ............................................................. Round the corner with a tangential arc with radius
R = 20 mm between the two sides
11 L Y+100 .............................................................. Second straight line for the corner
12 L X+120 Y+120 R0 FMAX .................................. Retract the tool and end program
13 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M2
5-26 TNC 360

5.5 Path Contours – Polar Coordinates

Polar coordinates are useful for programming:
• Positions on circular arcs
• Positions from workpiece drawings showing
angular dimensions
Section 1.2 “Fundamentals of NC” provides a

detailed description of polar coordinates.
Polar coordinates are marked with a P.
Polar coordinate origin: Pole CC

You can define the pole anywhere in the program before the blocks Y
containing polar coordinates. Enter the pole in Cartesian coordinates as a
circle center in a CC block.
Pol
CC
Y
CC
X CC X
Fig. 5.35: The pole is entered as CC
Straight line LP
• You can enter any value from –360° to +360° for PA.
• Enter the algebraic sign for PA relative to the angle reference axis:
For an angle from the reference axis counterclockwise to PR: PA>0 Y
For an angle from the reference axis clockwise to PR: PA<0
IPA
IPA IPA
PR
IPA
PA
CC
X
Fig. 5.36: Contour consisting of straight
lines with polar coordinates
TNC 360 5-27

L
COORDINATES?
P Select polar coordinates.
POLAR COORDINATES RADIUS PR?
Enter the radius from the pole to the straight line end point, for
e.g. 5 ENT
example PR = 5 mm.
POLAR COORDINATES ANGLE PA?
Enter the angle from the reference axis to PR, for example PA = 30°.
e.g. 3 0 ENT

Radius compensation
Feed rate
Miscellaneous function
Resulting NC block: LP PR+5 PA+30
5-28 TNC 360

Example for exercise: Milling a hexagon
Corner point coordinates:

Z
1 PA = 180° PR = 45 mm
2 PA = 120° PR = 45 mm
3 PA = 60° PR = 45 mm
4 PA = 0° PR = 45 mm
Y 3
2 4
5 PA = 300° PR = 45 mm 100 R =45
PA = 240° PR = 45 mm 60°
6 CC
1 X
Milling depth: Z = –10 mm 5 100
50 6
50
–10
5
Part program
0 BEGIN PGM 360529 MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
4 TOOL CALL 1 Z S 1000
General data and first contour point (corner point 1)
5 CC X+50 Y+50
6 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M6
7 LP PR+60 PA–190 R0 FMAX
8 L Z–10 FMAX M3
9 LP PR+45 PA+180 RL F100
10 LP PA+120
11 LP PA+60
12 LP IPA–60 Corner points 2 to 6 and last contour point at 1 ;
13 LP PA–60 absolute and incremental programming
14 LP PA+240
15 LP PA+180
16 LP PR+60 PA+170 R0 FMAX ............................. Retract the tool and end the program
17 L Z+100 FMAX M2
TNC 360 5-29

Circular path CP around pole CC

The polar coordinate radius is also the radius of the arc. It is already
defined by the distance from the pole CC to the starting point S .
Input E
• Polar coordinate angle PA for arc end point
• Direction of rotation DR PR
DR+
PA
• For incremental values, enter the same sign for DR and PA.
• You can enter values from –5400° to +5400° for PA. CC S
Fig. 5.37: Circular path around a pole
C
COORDINATES?
Select polar coordinates.

P
POLAR COORDINATES ANGLE PA?
Enter the angle PA of the arc end point PA = 10°.

e.g. 1 0 ENT
ROTATION CLOCKWISE: DR–?
+/ ENT
Set the direction of rotation for the tool path, for example negative for
clockwise rotation.

Radius compensation
Feed rate
Resulting NC block: CP PA+10 DR–
5-30 TNC 360

Example exercise: Milling a full circle
Circle radius: 50 mm
Circle center Z
coordinates: X = 50 mm
Y = 50 mm
Milling depth: Z = – 5 mm
Tool radius: R = 15 mm Y
100 CC
X
50
100
50
–5
Part program

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
4 TOOL CALL 1 Z S1000 General data and first contour point
5 CC X+50 Y+50
7 LP PR+70 PA+280 FMAX
8 L Z–5 FMAX M3
9 LP PR+50 PA–90 RL F100
10 RND R10 ............................................................. Smooth approach
11 CP PA+270 DR– ................................................. Circle to end point PA = 270°, negative direction of rotation
12 RND R10 ............................................................. Smooth departure
13 LP PR+70 PA–110 R0 FMAX
14 L Z+100 FMAX M2 Retract tool and end program
TNC 360 5-31

Circular path CTP with tangential connection

The tool moves on a circular path, starting tangentially (at 2 ) from a
preceding contour element ( 1 to 2 ). 1 2
Input:
E
• Polar coordinate angle PA of the arc end point E
• Polar coordinate radius PR of the arc end point E PR
PA
CC
Fig. 5.38: Circular path around a pole,

tangential connection
• The transition points must be defined exactly.

• The pole is not the center of the contour arc.
CT
COORDINATES ?
Select polar coordinates.

P
POLAR COORDINATES RADIUS PR?
Enter the distance from the pole to the arc end point, for example
1 0 ENT
PR = 10 mm.
POLAR COORDINATES ANGLE PA ?
8 Enter the angle from the reference axis to PR, for example PA = 80°.
0 ENT

Radius compensation
Feed rate
Resulting NC block: CTP PR +10 PA +80
5-32 TNC 360

Helical interpolation
Z
A helix is the combination of a circular movement in
a main plane and a linear movement perpendicular
to the plane. Y CC
A helix is programmed only in polar coordinates.
X
Applications:
You can use helical interpolation with form cutters
to machine:
• Large-diameter internal and external threads
• Lubrication grooves
Fig. 5. 39: Helix: a combination of circular and linear paths

Input
• Total incremental angle of tool traverse on the helix
• Total height of the helix
Input angle
Calculate the incremental polar coordinate angle IPA as follows:
IPA = n . 360°; where
n = number of revolutions of the helical path.
For IPA you can enter any value from –5400° to +5400° (n = ±15).
Input height
Enter the helix height H in the tool axis. The height is calculated as:
H = n x P,
n = number of thread revolutions
P = thread pitch
Radius compensation
Enter the radius compensation for the helix accord-
ing to the table at right.
Internal thread Work direction Rotation Radius comp.

Right-hand Z+ DR+ RL
Left-hand Z+ DR- RR
Right-hand Z- DR- RR
Left-hand Z- DR+ RL
External thread Work direction Rotation Radius comp.

Right-hand Z+ DR+ RR
Left-hand Z+ DR- RL
Right-hand Z- DR- RL
Left-hand Z- DR+ RR
Fig. 5.40: The shape of the helix determines the direction of rotation
and the radius compensation
TNC 360 5-33

To program a helix:
C
COORDINATES ?
P Select polar coordinates.
POLAR COORDINATES ANGLE PA ?
Enter PA incrementally.
Enter the total angle of tool traverse along the helix, for example
e.g. 1 0 8 0 PA = 1080°.
Enter the tool axis; for example Z.

e.g. Z
COORDINATES ?
If necessary Identify the height entry as incremental.
Enter the height H of the helix, for example 5 mm.

e.g. 5
Terminate coordinate input.

ENT
1x +/ or 2x +/ Clockwise helix: DR– or counterclockwise: DR+
ENT
RADIUS COMP.: RL/RR/NO COMP.?
R-L or R+R Enter radius compensation according to the table.

Feed rate
Resulting NC block: CP IPA+1080 IZ+5 DR–RL
5-34 TNC 360

Example for exercise: Tapping
Given Data
Thread:
Right-hand internal thread M64 x 1.5
Pitch P: 1.5 mm AE =0°
Start angle AS: 0°
End angle AE: 360° = 0° at ZE = 0
Thread revolutions nT: 8 A = –180° A = 0°
Thread overrun DR+
• at start of thread nS: 0.5 AA =0°
• at end of thread n E: 0.5
Number of cuts: 1
Calculating the input values

• Total height H: H = P.n
P = 1.5 mm
n = nT + nS + nE = 8 + 0.5 + 0.5 = 9
H = 1.5 mm . 9 = 13.5 mm
• Incremental polar coordinate angle IPA:
IPA = n . 360°
n = 9 (see total height H)
IPA = 360° . 9 = 3240°
• Start angle AS with thread overrun nS
nS = 0.5
n = 1 = 360°, n = 0.5 = 180° (half a revolution)
The starting angle of the helix is advanced by 180°. With positive
rotation this means that AS with nS = AS – 180° = –180°
• Starting coordinate: Z = P . (nT + nS) = –1.5 . 8.5 mm = –12.75
Note:
• The thread is being cut in an upward direction towards ZE = 0; therefore

ZS is negative.
Part program

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
6 L X+50 Y+50 FMAX
7 CC
8 L Z–12.75 R0 FMAX M3
9 LP PR+32 PA-180 RL F100
10 CP IPA +3240 IZ+13.5 DR+ RL F200
11 L X+50 Y+50 R0
12 L Z+100 FMAX M2
TNC 360 5-35

5.6 M-Functions for Contouring Behavior and Coordinate Data

The following miscellaneous functions enable you to change the TNC's
standard contouring behavior in certain situations, such as:
• Smoothing corners
• Machining small contour steps
• Machining open contour corners
• Entering machine-referenced coordinates
Smoothing corners: M90

Standard behavior – without M90
At angular transitions such as internal corners and contours without radius
compensation (i.e. with R0), the TNC stops the axes briefly.
Advantages:
• Reduced wear on the machine R0
• High definition of corners
Note:
In program blocks with radius compensation (RR/RL), at external corners
the TNC automatically inserts a transition arc.
Fig. 5.41: Standard contouring behavior with

R0 and without M90
Smoothing corners with M90

The tool moves around corners at constant speed.
Advantages:
• Provides a smoother, more continuous surface
• Reduces machining time R0
Example application:
Surfaces consisting of several straight line elements.
Fig. 5.42: Contouring behavior with R0 and

M90
Duration of effect
The miscellaneous function M90 is effective only in the blocks in which it
is programmed. Operation with servo lag must be active.
A limit value can be set in machine parameter MP7460 (see page 12-9) below which the tool will move at constant
leed rate (valid for operation both with servo lag and with feed precontrol). This value is valid regardiess of M90.
5-36 TNC 360

Machining small contour steps: M97

The TNC inserts a transition arc at outside corners. Y
At very short contour steps this would cause the
tool to damage the contour. In such cases the TNC
interrupts the program run and shows the error WZ
message TOOL RADIUS TOO LARGE.
X
Fig. 5.43: Standard behavior without M97 if the block were to be
executed as programmed
Machining contour steps with M97

The TNC calculates the contour intersection S Y
(see figure) of the contour elements – as at inside
corners – and moves the tool over this point. M97
is programmed in the same block as the outside
S WZ S
corner point.
13 16 17
Duration of effect
The miscellaneous function M97 is effective only in 14 15
the blocks in which it is programmed.
X
Fig. 5.44: Contouring behavior with M97
A contour machined with M97 is less complete than one without. You may wish to rework the contour with a
smaller tool.
Program example
.
.
.
5 TOOL DEF L ... R+20 ......................................... Large tool radius
.
.
.
13 L X ... Y ... R.. F .. M97 ....................................... Move to contour point 13
14 L IY–0.5 .... R .. F.. .............................................. Machine the small contour step 13 - 14
15 L IX+100 ... ......................................................... Move to contour point 15
16 L IY+0.5 ... R .. F.. M97 ...................................... Machine the small contour step 15 - 16
17 L X .. Y ... ............................................................ Move to contour point 17
.
.
.
The outer corners are programmed in blocks 13 and 16: these are the
blocks in which you program M97.
TNC 360 5-37

Machining open contours: M98

The TNC calculates the intersections S of the
radius-compensated tool paths and changes
traverse direction at these points. If the corners are
open on one side, however, machining is incom-
plete.
S S
Fig. 5.45: Tool path without M98
Machining open corners with M98

With the miscellaneous function M98 the TNC
temporarily suspends radius compensation to
ensure that both corners are completely machined. 10
Duration of effect
The miscellaneous function M98 is effective only in
the blocks in which it is programmed.
11 12
Fig. 5.46: Tool path with M98
Programming example
.
.
.
10 L X ... Y ... RL F .. ................................................ Move to contour point 10
11 L X .. IY–.. ... M98 ............................................... Move to contour point 11
12 L IX + .. ... ........................................................... Move to contour point 12
.
.
.
5-38 TNC 360

Programming machine-reference coordinates: M91/M92

Standard behavior
Coordinates are referenced to the workpiece datum (see page 1-7).
Scale reference point

The position feedback scales are provided with one or more reference
marks. Reference marks are used to indicate the position of the scale
reference point. If the scale has only one reference mark, its position is
the scale reference point. If the scale has several – distance-coded –
reference marks, then the scale reference point is indicated by the left-
most reference mark (at the beginning of the measuring range).
Machine zero — miscellaneous function M91

The machine zero point is required for the following tasks:
• Defining the limits of traverse (software limit switches)

• Moving to machine-reference positions (e.g. tool-change position)
• Setting the workpiece datum
Machine zero is identical with the scale reference point.
If you want the coordinates in a positioning block to be reference to the

machine zero point, end the block with the miscellaneous function M91.
Coordinates that are referenced to the machine zero point are indicated in
the display with REF.
Additional machine datum M92

In addition to the machine zero point, the machine
tool builder can define another machine-reference
position, the machine datum. ZM
The machine tool builder defines the distance for

Z
each axis from the machine zero to the machine
datum. YM Y
If you want the coordinates in a positioning block to X

be referenced to the machine datum, end the block XM
with the miscellaneous function M92.
Workpiece datum
The user enters the coordinates of the datum for
workpiece machining in the MANUAL OPERATION
mode (see page 2-7).
Fig. 5.44: Machine datum and workpiece datum
TNC 360 5-39

5.7 Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI)

In the POSITIONING WITH MANUAL DATA INPUT mode you can enter
and execute single-axis positioning blocks. The entered positioning blocks
are not stored.
Application examples:
• Pre-positioning
• Face milling
POSITIONING MANUAL DATA INPUT
Select the MDI operating mode.
Press an orange axis-selection key and enter a single-axis positioning block.
BLOCK COMPLETE
Execute the block.

I
Application example
To remove workpiece misalignment on a rotary table
Preparation:
Perform a basic rotation with the 3D touch probe system; write down the
ROTATION ANGLE and cancel the basic rotation again.
• Switch modes of operation
POSITIONING WITH MANUAL DATA INPUT
Select the positioning with MDI mode of operation.
• Program the desired rotation
IV COORDINATES?
• Enter the ROTATION ANGLE that you previously wrote down.

• Enter the FEED RATE.
END Conclude the block.
BLOCK COMPLETE
The table rotates to correct the misalignment.

I
5-40 TNC 360

Subprograms and program section repeats enable you to program a

machining sequence once and then run it as often as you wish.
Labels
Subprograms and program section repeats are marked by labels.
A label carries a number from 0 to 254. Each label number (except 0) can
only appear once in a program. Labels are assigned with the command
LABEL SET.
LABEL 0 marks the end of a subprogram.
6.1 Subprograms
Principle
The program is executed up to the block in which 0 BEGIN PGM ...
.
the subprogram is called with CALL LBL ( 1 ).
. 1
Then the subprogram is executed from beginning to .
end (LBL 0) ( 2 ). .
CALL LBL 1
.
Finally, the main program is resumed from the S
. 3
block after the subprogram call ( 3 ).
.
. R
.
L Z+100 M2
. LBL 1
.
. 2
.
. LBL 0
END PGM ...
Fig. 6.1: Flow diagram for a subprogram.

Operating limits S = jump, R = return jump
• One main program can contain to 254 subpro-

grams.
• Subprograms can be called in any sequence and
as often as desired.
• A subprogram cannot call itself.
• Subprograms should be located at the end of the
main program (after the block with M2 or M30).
• If subprograms are located in the program before
the block with M02 or M30, they will be execut-
ed at least once even without being called.
6-2 TNC 360

6.1 Subprograms
Programming and calling subprograms

To mark the beginning of the subprogram:
LBL
SET LABEL NUMBER?
The subprogram begins with label number 5.

e.g. 5 ENT
Resulting NC block: LBL 5
To mark the end of the subprogram:

A subprogram must always end with label number 0.
LBL
SET LABEL NUMBER?
0 ENT
End of subprogram.
To call the subprogram:

A subprogram is called with its label number.
LBL
CALL LABEL NUMBER?
e.g. 5 ENT Calls the subprogram following LBL 5.
REPEAT REP?
NO Program section is subprogram: no repetitions.

ENT
Resulting NC block: CALL LBL 5
The command CALL LBL 0 is not allowed because label 0 can only be used to mark the end of a subprogram.
TNC 360 6-3

6.1 Subprograms
Example for exercise: Group of four holes at three different locations
The holes are drilled with cycle 1 PECK

DRILLING. You enter the setup clearance, feed
rate, drilling feed rate etc. once in the cycle. Z
You can then call the cycle with the
miscellaneous function M99 (see page 8-3).
Y
Coordinates of the first hole in each group:
20
Group 1 X = 15 mm Y = 10 mm 20
2
Group 2 X = 45 mm Y = 60 mm
Group 3 X = 75 mm Y = 10 mm 20
Spacing of holes: 60 20 3 X
IX = 20 mm IY = 20 mm 1
20 5
Total hole depth (DEPTH): Z = 10 mm
Hole diameter: Ø = 5 mm 10 75
45
15
Part Program

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL DEF 1 L+0 R+2.5
4 TOOL CALL 1 Z S1000
5 CYCL DEF 1.0 PECK DRILLING
6 CYCL DEF 1.1 SETUP –2
7 CYCL DEF 1.2 DEPTH –10 Cycle definition PECKING (see page 8-5)
8 CYCL DEF 1.3 PECKG –10
9 CYCL DEF 1.4 DWELL 0
10 CYCL DEF 1.5 F100
11 L Z+100 FMAX
12 L X+15 Y+10 R0 FMAX M6 ................................ Move to hole group 1, insert tool
13 L Z+2 FMAX M3 ................................................. Pre-position in the infeed axis
14 CALL LBL 1 ........................................................ Subprogram call (with block 14 the subprogram is executed
once)
15 L X+45 Y+60 FMAX ........................................... Move to hole group 2
16 CALL LBL 1 ........................................................ Subprogram call
17 L X+75 Y+10 FMAX ........................................... Move to hole group 3
18 CALL LBL 1 ........................................................ Subprogram call
19 L Z+100 FMAX M2 ............................................. Retract tool; return to program (M2):
............................................................................ The subprogram is entered after M2
20 LBL 1 .................................................................. Beginning of subprogram
21 L M99 ................................................................. Execute peck drilling cycle for first hole in group
22 L IX+20 FMAX M99 ............................................ Move to position for second hole and drill
23 L IY+20 FMAX M99 ............................................ Move to position for third hole and drill
24 L IX–20 FMAX M99 ............................................ Move to position for fourth hole and drill
25 LBL 0 .................................................................. End of subprogram
6-4 TNC 360

6.2 Program Section Repeats

As with subprograms, program section repeats are
marked with labels.
Principle
The program is executed up to the end of the 0 BEGIN PGM ...
labelled program section (block with CALL LBL) ( 1 , .
. 1
2 ).
.
Then the program section between the called LBL .
LBL 1
and the label call is repeated the number of times .
entered after REP in the CALL LBL command ( 3 , . 2 3 4
4 ). . R R
.
After the last repetition, the program is resumed CALL LBL 1 REP 2/2
.
( 5 ). .
5
.
.
Programming notes END PGM ...
• A program section can be repeated up to 65 534

times in succession. Fig. 6.2: Flow diagram with program section repeats, R = return
• The number behind the slash after REP indicates jump
the number of remaining repetitions.
• The total number of times the program section
will be carried out is always one more than the
programmed number of repetitions.
Programming and calling a program section repeat

Mark the beginning:
LBL
SET LABEL NUMBER?
e.g. 7 ENT Repeat the program section beginning with LABEL 7.
Number of repetitions
Enter the number of repetitions in the block which calls the label. This
block also identifies the end of the program section.
LBL
CALL LABEL NUMBER?
e.g. 7 ENT
Execute the program section beginning with LABEL 7.
REPEAT REP?
e.g. 1 0 ENT Repeat the program section from LBL 7 to this block 10 times.
The program section will therefore be executed a total of 11 times.
Resulting NC block: CALL LBL 7 REP 10/10
TNC 360 6-5

Example for exercise: Row of holes parallel to X-axis
Coordinates of 1st hole: X = 5 mm Y =10 mm

Spacing between holes: IX =15 mm
No. of holes: N= 6
Hole depth: Z = 10 Z
Hole diameter: Ø = 5 mm
Y
5 X
10 55
15
5
Part Program

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL DEF 1 L+0 R+2,5
6 L X–10 Y+10 Z+2 FMAX M3 .............................. Pre-position in negative X-direction
7 LBL 1 .................................................................. Beginning of program section to be repeated
8 L IX+15 FMAX
9 L Z–10 F100
10 L Z+2 FMAX ....................................................... Move to hole position, drill, retract
11 CALL LBL 1 REP 5/5 ........................................... Call LABEL 1; repeat program section between blocks 7 and
11 five times (for 6 holes!)
12 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M2
6-6 TNC 360

Example for exercise: Milling with program section repeat without radius compensation
Y Z
Machining sequence
• Upward milling direction 100 78,35
4
0
• Machine the area from X=0 to 50 mm 6 89 10
21,64 X
(program all X-coordinates with the tool 50
radius subtracted) and from Y=0 to 11
100 mm: LBL 1

• Machine the area from X=50 to R30
X=100 mm (program all X-coordinates with
the tool radius added) and from Y=0 to –20,
2
100 mm: LBL 2 –30
• After each upward pass, the tool is moved Z
Y
by an increment of +2.5 mm in the Y-axis. –51
100
–70
21 X
10
22 20
11
19
The illustration to the right shows the block

numbers containing the end points of the 8
corresponding contour elements.
Part Program:

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–70
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 ..................... Note: the blank form has changed
5 L X–20 Y–1 R0 FMAX M3
6 LBL 1
7 L Z–51 FMAX
8 L X+1 F100
9 L X+11.646 Z–20.2 Program section repeat 1: machining from
10 CT X+40 Z+0 X=0 to 50 mm and Y=0 to 100 mm
11 L X+41
12 L Z+10 FMAX
13 L X–20 IY+2.5
14 CALL LBL 1 REP40/40
15 L Z+20 FMAX
Retract, reposition
16 L X+120 Y–1
17 LBL2
18 L Z–51 FMAX
19 L X+99 F100
20 L X+88.354 Z–20.2 Program section repeat 2: machining from X=50 to
21 CT X+60 Z+0 100 mm and Y=0 to 100 mm
22 L X+59
23 L Z+10 FMAX
24 L X+120 IY+2.5
25 CALL LBL 2 REP40/40
26 L Z+100 FMAX M2
TNC 360 6-7

6.3 Main Program as Subprogram
Principle
A program is executed until another program is
called (block with CALL PGM) ( 1 ).
0 BEGIN PGM A... 0 BEGIN PGM B...
The called program is executed from beginning to . .
end ( 2 ). . 1 S .
. .
Execution of the program from which the other . .
CALL PGM B 2
program was called is then resumed with the block . .
following the CALL PGM block ( 3 ). . .
3
. R .
. .
END PGM A... END PGM B...
Fig. 6.3: Flow diagram of a main program as subprogram;

S = jump, R = return jump
Operating limits
• Programs called from an external data storage
medium (such as a floppy disk) must not contain
any subprograms or program section repeats.
• No labels are needed to call main programs as
subprograms.
• The called program must not contain the miscel-
laneous functions M2 or M30.
• The called program must not contain a jump into
the calling program.
Calling a main program as a subprogram
PGM
CALL PROGRAM NUMBER?
Enter the main program call and the number of the program you want to call.
Resulting NC block: CALL PGM NAME
A main program can also be called with Cycle 12 PGM CALL (see page 8-38).
6-8 TNC 360

6.4 Nesting
Subprograms and program section repeats can be nested in the following
variations:
• Subprograms in subprograms
• Program section repeats in program section repeats
• Subprograms can be repeated
• Program section repeats can appear in subprograms
Nesting depth
The nesting depth is the number of successive levels for which subpro-
grams or program sections can call further subprograms or program
sections.
Maximum nesting depth for subprograms: 8
Maximum nesting depth for calling main programs: 4
Subprogram in a subprogram
Program layout
.
. 1
.
e.g. 17 CALL LBL 1 .............................................. Call of subprogram at LBL1
.
. 5
.
e.g. 35 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M2 ............................. Last program block of main program (with M2)
36 LBL 1
.
. 2
.
Subprogram 1
e.g. 39 CALL LBL 2 with program call of
. subprogram 2
. 4
.
e.g. 45 LBL 0 ........................................................ End of subprogram 1
46 LBL 2
.
. 3 Subprogram 2
.
e.g. 62 LBL 0 ........................................................ End of subprogram 2
63 END PGM 360069 MM ............................ End of main program
Sequence of program execution

Step 1: Main program 360069 is executed up to block 17.
Step 2: Subprogram 1 is called and executed up to block 39.
Step 3: Subprogram 2 is called and executed up to block 62.
End of subprogram 2 and return to subprogram from
which it was called.
Step 4: Subprogram 1 is executed from block 40 to block 45.
End of subprogram 1 and return to main program 360069.
Step 5: Main program 360069 is executed from block 18 to block 35.
Return jump to block 1 and program end.
A subprogramm ending with LBL 0 must not be nested in another subprogram!
TNC 360 6-9

6.4 Nesting
Example for exercise: Group of four holes at three positions (see page 6-4), but with three different tools
Machining sequence:
Countersinking – Drilling – Tapping
Z
The drilling operation is programmed with cycle
1: PECK DRILLING (see page 8-5) and cycle 2:
TAPPING (see page 8-7). The groups of holes
are approached in one subprogram, and the 100
machining is performed in a second subprogram. 75
15 20 20
Coordinates of the first hole in each group:

–3
1 X = 15 mm Y = 10 mm X
2 X = 45 mm Y = 60 mm –15
3 X = 75 mm Y = 10 mm –20
Spacing between
holes: IX = 20 mm IY = 20 mm
Hole data:
Countersinking ZS = 3 mm Ø = 7 mm
Drilling ZT = 15 mm Ø = 5 mm
Tapping ZG = 10 mm Ø = 6 mm
Part program

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL DEF 25 L+0 R+2,5 Tool definition for countersinking (T35), peck drilling (T25) and
4 TOOL DEF 30 L+0 R+3 tapping (T30)
5 TOOL DEF 35 L+0 R+3.5
6 CYCL DEF 1.0 PECKING
7 CYCL DEF 1.1 SETUP–2
8 CYCL DEF 1.2 DEPTH–3
9 CYCL DEF 1.3 PECKG–3 Cycle definition PECKING for countersinking
10 CYCL DEF 1.4 DWELL0
13 CALL LBL 1 ........................................................ Call of subprogram 1
16 CYCL DEF 1.2 DEPTH–25
17 CYCL DEF 1.3 DEPTH–6 Cycle definition PECKING
19 CYCL DEF 1.5 F50
22 CYCL DEF 2.0 TAPPING
24 CYCL DEF 2.2 DEPTH–15 Cycle definition TAPPING
29 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M2 ....................................... Last program block, return jump
Continued...
6-10 TNC 360

6.4 Nesting
30 LBL 1
31 L X+15 Y+10 R0 FMAX M3
32 L Z+2 FMAX
33 CALL LBL 2
34 L X+45 Y+60 FMAX Move to first hole in each group, then call subprogram 2
35 CALL LBL 2
36 L X+75 Y+10 FMAX
37 CALL LBL 2
38 LBL 0
39 LBL 2
40 L M99
41 L IX+20 F9999 M99 Machine first hole, then move to and machine the other holes
42 L IY+20 M99 using the same cycle
43 L IX–20 M99
44 LBL 0
45 END PGM 3600610 MM
Repeating program section repeats

Program layout
.
.
1
.
e.g. 15. LBL 1

. 1 4
.
e.g. 20 LBL 2
.
. 21 2x 2 4 2x 5
.
e.g. 27 CALL LBL 2 REP 2/2 ................................ Program section between this block and LBL 2 (block 20) is
. repeated twice
. 3 6
.
e.g. 35 CALL LBL 1 REP 1/1 ................................ Program section between this block and LBL 1 (block 15) is
repeated once
.
. 7
.
e.g. 50 END PGM 3600611 MM

Step 1: Main program 3600611 is executed up to block 27.
Step 2: Program section between block 27 and block 20 is repeated
twice.
once.
Step 5: Repetition of step 2 within step 4 .
Step 6: Repetition of step 3 within step 4 .
End of program.
TNC 360 6-11

6.4 Nesting
Repeating subprograms
Program layout
.
.
. 1
e.g. 10 LBL 1
11 2x 3
CALL LBL 2 ............................................... Subprogram call
12 CALL LBL 1 REP 2/2 ..... Program section repeat
.
. 4
.
e.g. 19 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M2 .............................. Last program block of main program with M2
20 LBL 2 ......................................................... Beginning of subprogram
.
. 2
5
.
e.g. 28 LBL 0 ......................................................... End of subprogram
29 END PGM 3600612 MM ........................... End of main program

Step 1: Main program 3600612 is executed to block 11.
Step 2: Subprogram 2 is called and executed.
twice: subprogram 2 is repeated twice.
Step 4: Main program 3600612 is executed from block 13 to block
19. End of program.
6-12 TNC 360

Q Parameters are used for:

• Programming families of parts
• Defining contours through mathematical functions
Q6
A family of parts can be programmed in the TNC in a single part pro-
gram. You do this by entering variables — called Q parameters — instead Q3
Q1
of numerical values.
Q parameters can represent for example: Q4

• Coordinate values
Q2
• Feed rates Q5
• Spindle speeds
• Cycle data
A Q parameter is designated by the letter Q and a number between 0 and

113. Fig. 7.1: Q parameters as variables
Q parameters also enable you to program contours that are defined

through mathematical functions.
With Q parameters you can make the execution of machining steps

dependent on logical conditions.
Q parameters and numerical values can also be mixed within a pro-

gram.
The TNC automatically assigns data to some Q parameters. For example, parameter Q108 is assigned the current
tool radius. You will find a list of these parameters in chapter 12..
7-2 TNC 360

7.1 Part Families — Q Parameters Instead of Numerical Values

The Q parameter function FN0: ASSIGN is used for assigning numerical
values to Q parameters.
Example: Q10 = 25
This enables you to enter variable Q parameters in the program instead of

numerical values.
Example: L X + Q10 (corresponds to L X + 25)
For part families, the characteristic workpiece dimensions can be pro-

grammed as Q parameters. Each of these parameters is then assigned a
different value when the parts are machined.
Example
Cylinder with Q parameters Q1
Cylinder radius R = Q1
Cylinder height H = Q2 Q1
Cylinder Z1: Q1 = +30
Q2 = +10
Cylinder Z2: Q1 = +10 Q2 Z2

Q2 = +50
Q2
Z1
Fig. 7.2: Workpiece dimensions as Q parameters
To assign numerical values to Q parameters:
Q
DEF FN0: ASSIGN
ENT Open a new block with the function FN0: ASSIGN.
PARAMETER NUMBER FOR RESULT?
e.g. 5 ENT Enter Q parameter number.
FIRST VALUE / PARAMETER?
e.g. 6 ENT Enter value or another Q parameter whose value is to be assigned to

Q5.
Resulting NC block: FN0: Q5 = 6
The value to the right of the equal sign is assigned to the Q parameter to
the left.
TNC 360 7-3

7.1 Q Parameters Instead of Numerical Values
Example for exercise: Full circle
Z
Circle center CC: X = 50 mm
Y = 50 mm
Y
Beginning and end
of circular arc C: X = 50 mm
Y = 0 mm CC
Milling depth: Z = –5 mm X
50
–5 50
Part program without Q parameters
0 BEGIN 360074 MM ............................................ Start of program

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20 ........................ Blank form definition
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL DEF 6 L+0 R+15 ...................................... Tool definition
4 TOOL CALL 6 Z S500 ......................................... Tool call
5 CC X+50 Y+50 .................................................... Coordinates of circle center CC
6 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M6 ....................................... Insert tool
7 L X+30 Y–20 FMAX ............................................ Pre-position tool
8 L Z–5 FMAX M3
9 L X+50 Y+0 RR F100 .......................................... Move to first compensation point with radius compensation
10 C X+50 Y+0 DR+ ................................................ Mill circular arc C around circle center CC; coordinates of end
point: X = +50 mm and Y = 0; positive direction of rotation
11 L X+70 Y–20 R0 FMAX
12 L Z+100 FMAX M2
13 END PGM 360074 MM ...................................... Retract tool and end program
Part program with Q parameters

1 FN 0: Q1 = +100 ................................................ Clearance height
2 FN 0: Q2 = +30 .................................................. Start pos. X
3 FN 0: Q3 = –20 ................................................... Start-End pos. Y
4 FN 0: Q4 = +70 .................................................. End pos. X
5 FN 0: Q5 = –5 ..................................................... Milling depth Blocks 1 to 12:
6 FN 0: Q6 = +50 .................................................. Center point X Assign numerical values to the Q
7 FN 0: Q7 = +50 .................................................. Center point Y parameters
8 FN 0: Q8 = +50 .................................................. Circle starting point X
9 FN 0: Q9 = +0 .................................................... Circle starting point Y
10 FN 0: Q10 = +0 .................................................. Tool length L
11 FN 0: Q11 = +15 ................................................ Tool radius R
12 FN 0: Q20 = +100 .............................................. Milling feed rate F
13 BLK FORM 0.1.Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20
14 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
15 TOOL DEF 1 L+Q10 R+Q11
17 CC X+Q6 Y+Q7 Blocks 13 to 24:
18 L Z+Q1 R0 FMAX M6 Corresponding to blocks 1 to 12
19 L X+Q2 Y+Q3 F MAX from program 360074
20 L Z+Q5 F MAX M3
21 L X+Q8 Y+Q9 RR FQ20
22 C X+Q8 Y+Q9 DR+
23 L X+Q4 Y+Q3 R0 FMAX
24 L Z+Q1 FMAX M2
25 END PGM 3600741 MM
7-4 TNC 360

7.2 Describing Contours Through Mathematical Functions
Overview
The mathematical functions assign the results of one of the following
operations to a Q parameter:
FN0: ASSIGN
e.g. FN0: Q5 = +60
Assigns a value directly
FN1: ADDITION
e.g. FN1: Q1 = –Q2 + –5
Calculates and assigns the sum of two values
FN2: SUBTRACTION
e.g. FN2: Q1 = +10 – +5
Calculates and assigns the difference between two values
FN3: MULTIPLICATION
e.g. FN3: Q2 = +3 ❊ +3
Calculates and assigns the product of two values
FN4: DIVISION
e.g. FN4: Q4 = +8 DIV +Q2
Calculates and assigns the quotient of two values
Note
Note: Division by 0 is not possible!
FN5: SQUARE ROOT

e.g. FN5: Q20 = SQRT 4
Calculates and assigns the square root of a number
Note: Square root of a negative number is not possible!
The “values” in the overview above can be:

• two numbers
• two Q parameters
• a number and a Q parameter
The Q parameters and numerical values in the equations can be entered
with positive or negative signs.
To select a mathematical operation
Q
DEF FN0: ASSIGN
GOTO
3 ENT Select function directly or with arrow keys,
e.g. FN3: MULTIPLICATION.
or
FN3: MULTIPLICATION
ENT Open a new block with the function FN3: MULTIPLICATION.
TNC 360 7-5

7.2 Describing Contours Through Mathematical Functions
Programming example for fundamental operations

Assign the value 10 to parameter Q5, and assign the product of Q5 and 7
to parameter Q12.
Q
DEF
FN 0 : ASSIGN
ENT
Select Q parameter function FN 0.
5 ENT Enter parameter number, e.g. Q5.
0 Assign numerical value to Q5.

1 ENT
Q
DEF FN 0 : ASSIGN
GOTO
3 ENT Select Q parameter function FN 0 again.
FN3: MULTIPLICATION
ENT
Select Q parameter function FN3.
1 2 ENT
Enter parameter number, for example Q12.
Q 5 ENT
Enter Q5 (=10).
SECOND VALUE / PARAMETER?
7 ENT Enter the value 7.
Resulting NC blocks: FN0: Q5 = +10

FN3: Q12 = +Q5 ❊+7
7-6 TNC 360

7.3 Trigonometric Functions

Sine, cosine and tangent are the terms for the ratios of the sides of right
triangles. Trigonometric functions simplify many calculations.
For a right triangle,

Sine: sin α = a / c
Cosine: cos α = b / c
c a
Tangent: tan α = a / b = sin α / cos α
Where α
• c is the side opposite the right angle b
• a is the side opposite the angle α
• b is the third side
The angle can be derived from the tangent:

α = arctan α = arctan (a / b) = arctan (sin α / cos α)
Fig. 7.3: Sides and angles on a right triangle
Example: a = 10 mm
b = 10 mm
α = arctan (a / b) = arctan 1 = 45°
Furthermore: a2 + b2 = c2 (a2 = a . a)
2 2
c= a +b
Overview
FN6: SINE
e.g. FN6: Q20 = SIN –Q5
Calculate sine of an angle in degrees (°) and assign it to a parameter
FN7: COSINE
e.g. FN7: Q21 = COS –Q5
Calculate the cosine of an angle in degrees (°) and assign it to a
parameter
FN8: ROOT SUM OF SQUARES

e.g. FN8: Q10 = +5 LEN +4
Take the square root of the sum of two squares, and assign it to a
parameter
FN13: ANGLE
e.g. FN13: Q20 = +10 ANG –Q1
Calculate the angle from the arc tangent of two sides or from the
sine and cosine of the angle, and assign it to a parameter
TNC 360 7-7

7.4 If–Then Operations with Q Parameters

If–Then conditional operations enable the TNC to compare a Q parameter
with another Q parameter or with a numerical value.
Jumps
The jump target is specified in the block through a label number. If the
programmed condition is true, the TNC continues the program at the
specified label; if it is false, the next block is executed.
To jump to another program, you enter a PGM CALL after the block with
the target label (see page 6-8).
Abbreviations used:
IF If
EQU Equals
NE Not equal
GT Greater than
LT Less than
GOTO Go to
Overview
FN9: IF EQUAL, JUMP

e.g. FN9: IF +Q1 EQU +Q3 GOTO LBL 5
If the two values or parameters are equal,
jump to the specified label.
FN10: IF NOT EQUAL, JUMP

e.g. FN10: IF +10 NE –Q5 GOTO LBL 10
If the two parameters or values are not equal,
FN11: IF GREATER THAN, JUMP

e.g. FN11: IF +Q1 GT–10 GOTO LBL 5
If the first value or parameter is greater
than the second value or parameter,
FN12: IF LESS THAN, JUMP

e.g. FN12: IF +Q5 LT +0 GOTO LBL 1
If the first value or parameter is less
than the second value or parameter,
7-8 TNC 360

7.4 If–Then Operations with Q Parameters
Unconditional jumps
Unconditional jumps are jumps which are always executed because the
condition is always true.
Example:
FN 9: IF +10 EQU +10 GOTO LBL1
Since it is always true that 10=10, the jump will always be executed.
Program example
When Q5 becomes negative, a jump to program 100 will occur.
.
.
.
5 FN0: Q5 = +10 ................................................... Assign value (such as 10) to parameter Q5
.
.
.
9 FN 2: Q5 = +Q5–+12 ......................................... Reduce the value of Q5
10 FN 12: IF +Q5 LT +0 GOTO LBL 5 ..................... If +Q5 is less than 0, jump to label 5
.
.
.
15 LBL 5 .................................................................. Label 5
16 PGM CALL 100 ................................................... Jump to program 100
.
.
.
TNC 360 7-9

7.5 Checking and Changing Q Parameters

Q parameters can be checked during program run or during a test run, and
changed if necessary.
Preparation:
• A running program must be aborted (e.g. press machine STOP button
and STOP key)
• If you are doing a test run, you must interrupt it
To call a Q parameter:
Q Q =
e.g. 1 0 ENT
Select desired parameter (in this example, Q10).
Q10 = + 100
The TNC displays the current value.
e.g. 0 ENT
Change Q parameter (in this example, Q10 is changed to 0).
ENT
Leave the Q parameter unchanged.
7-10 TNC 360

7.6 Output of Q Parameters and Messages
Displaying error messages

With the function FN14:ERROR you can call messages that were pre-
programmed by the machine tool builder.
If the TNC encounters a block with FN 14 during a program run or test run,
it interrupts the run and displays an error message. The program must
then be restarted.
Input example:
FN 14: ERROR = 254
The TNC will display the text of error number 254.
Error number to be entered Prepared dialog text
0 to 299 ERROR 0 to ERROR 299

300 to 399 PLC ERROR 01 to PLC ERROR 99
400 to 483 DIALOG 1 to 83
484 to 499 USER PARAMETER 15 to 0
Your machine builder may have programmed a text that differs from the above.
Output through an external data interface

The function FN 15: PRINT transmits the values of Q parameters and error
messages over the data interface. This enables you to send such data to
external devices, for example to a printer.
• FN15: PRINT with numerical values up to 200
Example: FN15: PRINT 20
Transmits the corresponding error message (see overview for FN14).
• FN 15: PRINT with Q parameter
Example: FN15: PRINT Q20
Transmits the value of the corresponding Q parameter.
Up to six Q parameters and numerical values can be transmitted simulta-
neously. The TNC separates them with slashes.
Example: FN15: PRINT 1/Q1/2/Q2
Assigning values for the PLC

Function FN19: PLC transmits up to two numerical values for
Q parameters to the PLC.
Input increment and unit of measure: 1 µm or 0.001°
Example: FN19: PLC = +10/+Q3
The number 10 corresponds to 10 µm or 0.01°.
TNC 360 7-11

7.7 Measuring with the 3D Touch Probe During Program Run

The 3D touch probe can measure positions on a workpiece during pro-
gram run.
Z
Applications:
• Measuring differences in the height of cast surfaces Y L?
• Checking tolerances during machining
α?
To activate the touch probe, press the TOUCH PROBE key. You pre- 100
position the probe, which then automatically probes the specified position.
The coordinate measured for the probe point is stored in a Q parameter. α? X
100
The TNC interrupts the probing process if the probe is not deflected within
a certain range (range selected with MP 6130).
–10
Fig. 7.4: Workpiece dimensions to be

measured
To program the use of a touch probe:
TOUCH
PROBE TCH PROBE 0: REF. PLANE
ENT
Select the touch probe function.
5 ENT
Enter the number of the Q parameter to which the coordinate is to be
assigned (in this example, Q5).
PROBING AXIS/PROBING DIRECTION?
X Enter the probing axis for the coordinate (in this example, X).
+/ ENT Select and confirm the probing direction.
POSITION VALUE?
Enter all coordinates of the pre-positioning point values, in this

X 5 example, X = 5 mm, Y = 0, Z = –5 mm.
Y 0
Z +/ 5
ENT
Conclude input.
Resulting NC blocks:
TCH PROBE 0.0 REF. PLANE Q5 X–
TCH PROBE 0.1 X+5 Y+0 Z–5
Pre-position the touch probe manually such that it will not collide with the workpiece when it moves toward the
programmed position.
7-12 TNC 360

7.7 Measuring with the 3D Touch Probe During Program Run
Example for exercise: Measuring the height of an island on a workpiece
Coordinates for pre-positioning the 3D touch

probe
Touch point 1: X = + 20 mm (Q11)
Z
Y = 50 mm (Q12)
Z = 10 mm (Q13)
Touch point 2: X = + 50 mm (Q21)
Y = 10 mm (Q22)
Z = 0 mm (Q23)
1
Y 2
Part program:

1 FN0: Q11 = + 20
2 FN0: Q12 = + 50 Begin the program; assign the coordinates for pre-
3 FN0: Q13 = + 10 positioning the touch probe
4 FN0: Q21 = + 50
5 FN0: Q22 = + 10
6 FN0: Q23 = + 0
7 TOOL CALL 0 Z
8 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M6 ....................................... Insert touch probe
9 TCH PROBE 0.0 REF.PLANE Q10 Z–
10 TCH PROBE 0.1 X+Q11 Y+Q12 Z+Q13 ............. The Z coordinate probed in the negative direction is stored in
Q10 (1st point)
11 L X+Q21 Y+Q22 ................................................. Auxiliary point for second pre-positioning
12 TCH PROBE 0.0 REF.PLANE Q20 Z–
13 TCH PROBE 0.1 X+Q21 Y+Q22 Z+Q23 ............. The Z coordinate probed in the negative direction is stored in
Q20 (2nd point)
14 FN2: Q1 = Q20–Q10 .......................................... Measure the height of the island and assign to Q1
15 STOP .................................................................. Q1 can be checked after the program run has been stopped
(see page 7-14)
16 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M2
17 END PGM 3600717 MM .................................... Retract the tool and end the program
TNC 360 7-13

7.8 Example for Exercise

Rectangular pocket with corner rounding and tangential approach
Pocket center coordinates:

24
X = 50 mm (Q1) 25
Y = 50 mm (Q2) 26
Pocket length X = 90 mm (Q3) 27

Pocket width Y = 70 mm (Q4) 17
Working depth Z = (–) 15 mm (–Q5) 32

23
Corner radius R = 10 mm (Q6) 21
Milling feed F = 200 mm/min (Q7) 31 22
29 20
30
28
At the corners 21 and 31 the workpiece will be
machined slightly differently than shown in
the drawing!
Part program

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 FN 0: Q1 = +50
4 FN 0: Q2 = +50
5 FN 0: Q3 = +90
6 FN 0: Q4 = +70
7 FN 0: Q5 = +15
8 FN 0: Q6 = +10
9 FN 0: Q7 = +200
12 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M6
13 FN4: Q13 = +Q3 DIV+2
14 FN4: Q14 = +Q4 DIV+2
15 FN4: Q16 = +Q6 DIV+4 ..................................... Rounding radius for tangential approach
16 FN4: Q17 = +Q7 DIV+2 ..................................... Feed rate in corners is half the rate for linear movement
17 L X+Q1 Y+Q2 R0 FMAX M3 .............................. Pre-position in X and Y (pocket center), spindle ON
18 L Z+2 FMAX ....................................................... Pre-position over workpiece
19 L Z–Q5 FQ7 ........................................................ Move to working depth Q5 (= –15 mm) with feed rate Q7
(=100)
20 L IX+Q13 Y+Q2 RL
21 RND RQ16 FQ17
22 L IY+Q14
23 RND RQ6 FQ17
24 L IX–Q3
25 RND RQ6 FQ17
26 L IY–Q4
27 RND RQ6 FQ17
28 L IX+Q3
29 RND RQ6 FQ17
30 L IY+Q14
31 RND RQ16 FQ17
32 L X+Q1 Y+Q2 R0 FMAX
33 L Z+100 FMAX M2 ............................................. Retract tool
7-14 TNC 360

7.8 Examples for Exercise
Bolt hole circle
Bore pattern distributed over a full circle: Y

Entry values are listed below in program
blocks 1 - 8.
Movements in the plane are programmed

with polar coordinates. 25
Bore pattern distributed over a circle sector: 90°
30°
Entry values are listed below in lines 20 - 24,
1
Q5, Q7 and Q8 remain the same.
25
70
35
30 90 X
Part program
0 BEGIN PGM 3600715 MM ..................................... Load data for bolt hole circle 1:
1 FN 0: Q1 = + 30 ...................................................... Circle center X coordinate
2 FN 0: Q2 = +70 ....................................................... Circle center Y coordinate
3 FN 0: Q3 = +11 ....................................................... Number of holes
4 FN 0: Q4 = +25 ....................................................... Circle radius
5 FN 0: Q5 = +90 ....................................................... Start angle
6 FN 0: Q6 = +0 ......................................................... Hole angle increment (0: distribute hole over 360°)
7 FN 0: Q7 = +2 ......................................................... Setup clearance
8 FN 0: Q7 = +15 ....................................................... Total hole depth
9 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20
10 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
13 CYCL DEF 1.0 PECKING ....................................... Definition of the pecking cycle
14 CYCL DEF 1.1 SET UP +Q7 .................................. Setup clearance
15 CYCL DEF 1.2 DEPTH –Q8 ................................... Total hole depth according to the load data
16 CYCL DEF 1.3 PECKG +5
17 CYCL DEF 1.4 DWELL 0
19 CALL LBL 1 ........................................................... Call bolt hole circle 1, load data for bolt hole circle 2
(only re-enter changed data)
20 FN 0: Q1 = +90 ..................................................... New circle center X coordinate
21 FN 0: Q2 = +25 ..................................................... New circle center Y coordinate
22 FN 0: Q3 = +5 ....................................................... New number of holes
23 FN 0: Q4 = +35 ..................................................... New circle radius
24 FN 0: Q6 = +30 ..................................................... New hole angle increment (not a full circle, 5
holes at 30° intervals)
25 CALL LBL 1 ........................................................... Call bolt hole circle 2
26 L Z+200 R0 F MAX M2
Continued ...
TNC 360 7-15

27 LBL 1 ..................................................................... Subprogram bolt hole circle

28 FN 0: Q10 = +0 ..................................................... Set the counter for finished holes
29 FN 10: IF +Q6 NE +0 GOTO LBL 10 .................... If the hole angle increment has been entered, jump to LBL 10
30 FN 4: Q6 = +360 DIV +Q3 .................................... Calculate the hole angle increment, distribute holes over 360°
31 LBL 10
32 FN 1: Q11 = +Q5 + +Q6 ....................................... Calculate second hole position from the start angle and hole
angle increment
33 CC X+Q1 Y+Q2 .................................................... Set pole at bolt hole circle center
34 LP PR+Q4 PA+Q5 R0 F MAX M3 ........................ Move in the plane to 1st hole
35 L Z+Q7 R0 F MAX M99 ........................................ Move in Z to setup clearance, call cycle
36 FN 1: Q10 = +Q10 + +1 ....................................... Count finished holes
37 FN 9: IF +Q10 EQU +Q3 GOTO LBL 99 ............... Finished?
38 LBL 2
39 LP PR+Q4 PA+Q11 R0 F MAX M99 .................... Make a second and further holes
40 FN 1: Q10 = +Q10 + +1 ....................................... Count finished holes
41 FN 1: Q11 = +Q11 + +Q6 ..................................... Calculate angle for next hole
(update)
42 FN 12: IF + Q10 LT + Q3 GOTO LBL 2 ................ Not finished?
43 LBL 99
44 L Z+200 R0 F MAX ............................................... Retract in Z
45 LBL 0 ..................................................................... End of subprogram
46 END PGM 3600715 MM
7-16 TNC 360

Ellipse
X coordinate calculation: X = a x cos α

Y Y´
Y coordinate calculation: Y = b x sin α b
a, b : Semimajor and semiminor axes of the P
Y1
ellipse
α : Angle between the leading axis and
X2 α2 α1
the connecting line from P to the –a X1 a X´
center of the ellipse.
X0, Y0 : Center of the ellipse Y2
–b
Process:
The points of the ellipse are calculated and Y Y´ X
connected by many short lines. The more
points that are calculated and the shorter
Q5
the lines between them, the smoother the αS
curve. DR–
α0 =α E
The machining direction can be varied by Q4
DR+
X´
changing the entries for start and end angles.
The input parameters are listed below in blocks
1 - 12.
Part program
0 BEGIN PGM 360079 MM ....................................... Load data

1 FN 0: Q1 = +50 ....................................................... X coordinate for center of ellipse
2 FN 0: Q2 = +50 ....................................................... Y coordinate for center of ellipse
3 FN 0: Q3 = +50 ....................................................... Semiaxis in X
4 FN 0: Q4 = +20 ....................................................... Semiaxis in Y
5 FN 0: Q5 = +0 ......................................................... Start angle
6 FN 0: Q6 = +360 ..................................................... End angle
7 FN 0: Q7 = +40 ....................................................... Number of calculating steps
8 FN 0: Q8 = +0 ......................................................... Rotational position
9 FN 0: Q9 = +10 ....................................................... Depth
10 FN 0: Q10 = +100 ................................................. Plunging feed rate
11 FN 0: Q11 = +350 ................................................. Milling feed rate
12 FN 0: Q12 = +2 ..................................................... Setup clearance Z
13 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20
14 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
15 TOOL DEF 1 L+0 R+2.5
17 L Z+2000 R0 F MAX
18 CALL LBL 10 ......................................................... Call subprogram ellipse
19 L Z+20 R0 F MAX M02 ......................................... Retract in Z, end of main program
Continued ...
TNC 360 7-17

20 LBL 10
21 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM SHIFT
22 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+Q1
23 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+Q2 ............................................. Shift datum to center of ellipse
24 CYCL DEF 10.0 ROTATION
25 CYCL DEF 10.1 ROT +Q8 ..................................... Activate rotation, if Q8 is loaded
26 FN2: Q35 = +Q6 – +Q5 ........................................ Calculate angle increment (end angle to start angle
divided by number of steps)
27 FN4: Q35 = +Q35 DIV +Q7 .................................. Current angle for calculation =
set start angle
28 FN0: Q36 = +Q5 ................................................... Set counter for milled steps
29 FN0: Q37 = +0 ...................................................... Call subprogram for calculating the points of the ellipse
30 CALL LBL 11 REP ................................................. Call subprogram for calculating the points of the ellipse
31 L X+Q21 Y+Q22 R0 F MAX M03 ......................... Move to start point in the plane
32 L Z+Q12 R0 F MAX M .......................................... Rapid traverse in Z to setup clearance
33 L Z–Q9 R0 FQ10 M ............................................... Plunge to milling depth at plunging feed rate
34 LBL 1
35 FN1: Q36 = +Q36 + +Q35 .................................... Update the angle
36 FN1: Q37 = +Q37 + +1 ........................................ Update the counter
37 CALL LBL11 REP .................................................. Call subprogram for calculating the points of the ellipse
38 L X+Q21 Y+Q22 R0 FQ11 M ................................ Move to next point
39 FN 12: IF +Q37 LT +Q7 GOTO LBL 1 .................. Unfinished?

41 CYCL DEF 10.1 ROT+0 ......................................... Reset rotation
43 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+0
44 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+0 ................................................ Reset datum shift
45 L Z+Q12 R0 F MAX M .......................................... Move in Z to setup clearance
46 LBL 0 ..................................................................... End of subprogram for milling the ellipse
47 LBL 11
48 FN7: Q21 = COS + Q36
49 FN3: Q21 = +Q21* + Q3 ...................................... Calculate X coordinate
50 FN6: Q22 = SIN + Q36
51 FN3: Q22 = +Q22 * +Q4 ...................................... Calculate Y coordinate
52 LBL 0
7-18 TNC 360

7.8 Example for exercise
Three-dimensional machining (machining a hemisphere with an end mill)
Notes on the program:

• The tool moves upwards in the ZX plane.
• You can enter an oversize in block 12 (Q12)
if you want to machine the contour in
several steps.
• The tool radius is automatically compensated
with parameter Q108.
The program works with the following values:

• Solid angle: Start angle Q1
End angle Q2
Increment Q3
• Sphere radius Q4
• Setup clearance Q5
• Plane angle: Start angle Q6
End angle Q7
Increment Q8
• Center of sphere: X coordinate Q9
Y coordinate Q10
• Milling feed rate Q11
• Oversize Q12
The parameters additionally defined in the

program have the following meanings:
• Q15: Setup clearance above the sphere
• Q21: Solid angle during machining
• Q24: Distance from center of sphere
to center of tool
• Q26: Plane angle during machining
• Q108: TNC parameter with tool radius
Part program

1 FN 0: Q1 = + 90
2 FN 0: Q2 = + 0
3 FN 0: Q3 = + 5
4 FN 0: Q4 = + 45
5 FN 0: Q5 = + 2
6 FN 0: Q6 = + 0 Assign the sphere data to the parameters
7 FN 0: Q7 = + 360
8 FN 0: Q8 = + 5
9 FN 0: Q9 = + 50
10 FN 0: Q10 = + 50
11 FN 0: Q11 = + 500
12 FN 0: Q12 = + 0
13 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–50
14 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
Workpiece blank; define and insert tool
17 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M6
18 CALL LBL 10 ...................................................... Subprogram call
19 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M2 ....................................... Retract tool; jump to beginning of program
Continued...
TNC 360 7-19

7.8 Example for exercise
20 LBL 10
21 FN1: Q15 = + Q5 + + Q4
22 FN0: Q21 = + Q1 Determine starting and calculation values
23 FN1: Q24 = + Q4 + + Q108
24 FN0: Q26 = + Q6
25 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM
26 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+Q9 Shift datum to center of sphere
27 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+Q10
28 CYCL DEF 7.3 Z–Q4
29 CYCL DEF 10.0 ROTATION Rotation for program start (starting plane angle)
30 CYCL DEF 10.1 ROT + Q6
31 CC X+0 Y+0
32 LP PR + Q24 PA + Q6 R0 FQ11 ......................... Pre-positioning before machining
33 LBL 1
34 CC Z+0 X+Q108
35 L Y+0 Z+0 FQ11 ................................................. Pre-positioning at beginning of each arc
36 LBL 2
37 LP PR+Q4 PA+Q21 R0 FQ11
38 FN2: Q21 = + Q21 – + Q3 Mill the sphere upward until the highest points is reached
39 FN11: IF + Q21 GT + Q2 GOTO LBL2
40 LP PR+Q4 PA+Q2
Mill the highest point and then retract the tool
41 L Z+Q15 R0 F1000
42 L X+Q24 R0 FMAX
43 FN1: Q26 = + Q26 + + Q8 ................................. Prepare the next rotation increment
44 FN0: Q21 = + Q1 ................................................ Reset solid angle for machining to the starting value
Rotate the coordinate system about the Z axis until
46 CYCL DEF 10.1 ROT + Q26
plane end angle is reached
47 FN12: IF + Q26 LT + Q7 GOTO LBL1
48 FN9: IF + Q26 EQU + Q7 GOTO LBL1
50 CYCL DEF 10.1 ROT + 0
51 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM Reset rotation and datum shift
52 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+0
53 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+0
54 CYCL DEF 7.3 Z+0
55 LBL 0 .................................................................. End of subprogram
7-20 TNC 360

8 Cycles
8.1 General Overview of Cycles

Frequently recurring machining sequences which comprise several steps
are stored in the TNC as cycles. Coordinate transformations and other
special functions are also available as cycles.
The cycles are divided into several groups:

• Simple fixed cycles such as pecking and tapping as well as the milling
operations slot milling, circular pocket milling and rectangular pocket
milling.
• SL (Subcontour List) cycles, which allow machining of relatively
complex contours composed of several overlapping subcontours.
• Coordinate transformation cycles which enable datum shift, rotation,
mirror image, enlarging and reducing for various contours.
• Special cycles such as dwell time, program call and oriented spindle
stop.
Programming a cycle
Defining a cycle
Pressing the CYCL DEF key opens the cycle directory. Select the desired
cycle and program it in the dialog. The following example shows how to
define any cycle:
CYCL Open the cycle directory.

DEF
CYCL DEF 1 PECKING
Select a cycle with the vertical arrow keys (in this example, cycle 17).
GOTO
1 7 ENT
Address the desired cycle directly with GOTO.
CYCL DEF 17 RIGID TAPPING
ENT
Confirm entry of the selected cycle.
.
.
.
8-2 TNC 360

8 Cycles
8.1 General Overview
.
.
.
The TNC then requests the data for the selected cycle:
SETUP CLEARANCE?
+/ Enter setup clearance, for example –2 mm.

2 ENT
TOTAL HOLE DEPTH?
+/ Enter total hole depth, for example –30 mm.

3 0 ENT
THREAD PITCH?
Enter thread pitch, for example +0.75 mm.

0 . 7 5 ENT
Resulting NC block: 17.0 RIGID TAPPING

17.1 SET UP –2
17.2 DEPTH –30
17.3 PITCH +0.75
Cycle call
The following cycles become effective immediately upon being defined in
the part program:
• Coordinate transformation cycles
• Dwell time
• The SL cycle CONTOUR
All other cycles must be called separately. Further information on cycle
calls is provided in the descriptions of the individual cycles.
If the cycle is to be programmed after the block in which it was called up,
program the cycle call
• with CYCL CALL
CYCL
CALL MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION
3 ENT Cycle call with miscellaneous function M3.
• with the miscellaneous function M99.

If the cycle is to be run after every positioning block, it must be called with
the miscellaneous function M89 (depending on the machine parameters).
M89 is cancelled through

• M99
• CYCL CALL
• a new cycle definition
Prerequisites:
The following data must be programmed before a cycle call:
• BLK FORM for graphic display
• Tool call
• Positioning block for starting position X, Y
• Positioning block for starting position Z (setup clearance)
• Direction of rotation of the spindle (miscellaneous functions M3/M4)
• Cycle definition (CYCL DEF).
TNC 360 8-3

8 Cycles
8.1 General Overview
Dimensions in the tool axis

The dimensions for tool axis movement are always referenced to the
position of the tool at the time of the cycle call and interpreted by the
control as incremental dimensions. It is not necessary to press the
incremental key.
The algebraic signs for SETUP CLEARANCE, TOTAL HOLE DEPTH and
JOG INCREMENT define the working direction. They must be entered
identically (usually negative).
Customized macros
The machine tool builder can store additional cycles in the control
memory. These cycles can be called up under cycle numbers 68 to 99.
Information on these cycles is available from the machine builder.
The TNC assumes that at the beginning of the cycle the tool is positioned over the workpiece at the clearance
height.
8-4 TNC 360

8 Cycles
8.2 Simple Fixed Cycles
PECKING (Cycle 1)
Process:
1. 2. 3. 4.
• The tool drills at the entered feed rate to the first
pecking depth. A A A
• The tool is then retracted at rapid traverse C C
t
(FMAX) to the starting position and advances
again to the first pecking depth, minus the
advanced stop distance t (see calculations).
• The tool advances with another infeed at the
programmed feed rate.
• These steps are repeated until the programmed
total hole depth is reached. A A
• After a dwell time at the bottom of the hole, the t
tool is retracted to the starting position at FMAX B
C
for chip breaking. t
Fig. 8.1: PECKING cycle
Input data
• SETUP CLEARANCE A :
Distance between tool tip (at starting position) and workpiece surface
• TOTAL HOLE DEPTH B :
Distance between workpiece surface and bottom of hole (tip of drill
taper)
• PECKING DEPTH C :
Infeed per cut.
If the TOTAL HOLE DEPTH equals the PECKING DEPTH, the tool will
drill to the programmed hole depth in one operation. The PECKING
DEPTH does not have to be a multiple of the TOTAL HOLE DEPTH. If
the PECKING DEPTH is greater than the TOTAL HOLE DEPTH, the tool
only advances to the TOTAL HOLE DEPTH.
• DWELL TIME:
Length of time the tool remains at the total hole depth for chip
breaking.
• FEED RATE:
Traversing speed of the tool when drilling
Calculations
The advanced stop distance is automatically calculated by the control:
• Total hole depth up to 30 mm: t = 0.6 mm
• Total hole depth over 30 mm: t = Total hole depth / 50
maximum advanced stop distance: 7 mm
TNC 360 8-5

8 Cycles
Example: Pecking
Hole coordinates:
Z
1 X = 20 mm Y = 30 mm
2 X = 80 mm Y = 50 mm
Hole diameter: 6 mm
Setup clearance: 2 mm Y
Total hole depth: 15 mm
6
Pecking depth: 10 mm 2
Dwell time: 1 s 50
1 X
Feed rate: 80 mm/min
30
80
20
PECKING cycle in a part program

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
6 CYCL DEF 1.1 SET UP –2 ................................... Setup clearance
7 CYCL DEF 1.2 DEPTH –15 ................................. Total hole depth
8 CYCL DEF 1.3 PECKG –10 ................................. Pecking depth
9 CYCL DEF 1.4 DWELL 1 .................................... Dwell time
10 CYCL DEF 1.5 F 80 ............................................. Feed rate
11 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M6 ....................................... Approach tool change position
12 L X+20 Y+30 FMAX M3 ..................................... Pre-positioning for first hole, spindle on
13 L Z+2 FMAX M99 ............................................... Pre-positioning in Z, first hole, cycle call
14 L X+80 Y+50 FMAX M99 ................................... Approach second hole, cycle call
15 L Z+100 FMAX M2
8-6 TNC 360

8 Cycles
TAPPING with floating tap holder (cycle 2)

Process 1. 2. 3. 4.
• The thread is cut in one pass.
• When the tool reaches the total hole depth, the
direction of spindle rotation is reversed. After the
programmed dwell time the tool is retracted to B
the starting position.
• At the starting position, the direction of rotation
is reversed once again.
A
Required tool
A floating tap holder is required for tapping. The B
floating tap holder compensates the tolerances for
feed rate and spindle speed during the tapping
process.
Fig. 8.2: TAPPING cycle
Input data
Distance between tool tip (starting position) and workpiece surface.
Standard value: 4x thread pitch.
• TOTAL HOLE DEPTH B (thread length):
Distance between workpiece surface and end of thread
• DWELL TIME:
Enter a value between 0 and 0.5 seconds to prevent wedging of the
tool when retracted. (Further information is available from the machine
manufacturer.)
• FEED RATE F:
Traversing speed of the tool during tapping.
The signs for setup clearance and total hole depth are the same and
depend on the working direction.
Calculations
The feed rate is calculated as follows:
F = Sxp
F: Feed rate (mm/min)
S: Spindle speed (rpm)
p: Thread pitch (mm)
When a cycle is being run, the spindle speed override control is disabled. The feed rate override control is only active
within a limited range (preset by the machine tool builder).
For tapping right-hand threads activate the spindle with M3; for left-hand threads use M4.
TNC 360 8-7

8 Cycles
Example: Tapping with a floating tap holder
Cutting an M6 thread at 100 rpm
Coordinates of the hole:

X = 50 mm Y = 20 mm
Pitch p = 1 mm
F = S x p ð F = 100 . 1 = 100 mm/min Y
Setup clearance: 3 mm
Thread depth: 20 mm X
Dwell time: 0.4 s
Feed rate: 100 mm/min 20
50
TAPPING cycle in a part program

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
5 CYCL DEF 2.0 TAPPING
7 CYCL DEF 2.2 DEPTH –20 ................................. Thread depth
8 CYCL DEF 2.3 DWELL 0.4 ................................. Dwell time
9 CYCL DEF 2.4 F 100 ........................................... Feed rate
10 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M6 ....................................... Approach tool change position
11 L X+50 Y+20 FMAX M3 ..................................... Pre-positioning, spindle on clockwise
12 L Z+3 FMAX M99 ............................................... Pre-positioning in Z, cycle call
13 L Z+100 FMAX M2
8-8 TNC 360

8 Cycles
RIGID TAPPING (Cycle 17)

Process
The thread is cut without a floating tap holder in one or several passes.
Advantages over tapping with a floating tap holder:
• Higher machining speeds
• Repeated tapping of the same thread; repetitions are made possible by
spindle orientation to the 0° position during cycle call
(depending on machine parameters)
• Increased traverse range of the spindle axis
Machine and control must be specially prepared by the machine manufacturer to enable rigid tapping.
Input data
Z
Distance between tool tip (starting position) and workpiece surface.
• TAPPING DEPTH B :
Distance between workpiece surface (beginning of thread) and
end of thread
C
The signs for setup clearance and thread pitch are the same and depend
on the working direction. A
• THREAD PITCH C : X
The sign differentiates between right-hand and left-hand threads: B
+ = Right-hand thread
– = Left-hand thread
Fig. 8.3: Infeeds and distances in the

ROUGH-OUT cycle
The control calculates the feed rate from the spindle speed. If the spindle speed override knob is turned during
tapping, the control automatically adjusts the feed rate accordingly. The feed rate override is disabled.
TNC 360 8-9

8 Cycles
SLOT MILLING (Cycle 3)

Process
Roughing process:
• The tool penetrates the workpiece from the
starting position and mills in the longitudinal
direction of the slot.
• After downfeed at the end of the slot, milling is
performed in the opposite direction.
These steps are repeated until the programmed
milling depth is reached.
Finishing process:
• The control advances the tool in a quarter circle
at the bottom of the slot by the remaining
finishing cut. The tool subsequently climb mills Fig. 8.4: SLOT MILLING cycle
the contour (with M3).
• At the end of the cycle, the tool is retracted in
rapid traverse to the setup clearance.
If the number of infeeds was odd, the tool
returns to the starting position at the level of the
setup clearance.
Required tool
This cycle requires a center cut end mill (ISO 1641). The cutter diameter
must not be larger than the width of the slot and not smaller than half the
width of the slot. The slot must be parallel to an axis of the current
coordinate system.
A
Input data C
B
• Setup clearance A
• Milling depth B : Depth of the slot
• Pecking depth C
• FEED RATE FOR PECKING:
Traversing speed of the tool during penetration.
• FIRST SIDE LENGTH D :
Length of the slot. Specify the sign to determine the first milling Fig. 8.5: Infeeds and distances for the
direction. SLOT MILLING cycle
• SECOND SIDE LENGTH E :
Width of the slot
• FEED RATE:
Traversing speed of the tool in the working plane.
Fig. 8.6: Side lengths of the slot
8-10 TNC 360

8 Cycles
Example: Slot milling
A horizontal slot 50 mm x 10 mm and a vertical

slot 80 mm x 10 mm are to be milled.
Y
The starting position takes into account the tool
radius in the longitudinal direction of the slot.
100
Starting position slot 1 :
90
X = 76 mm Y = 15 mm
Starting position 2 : 10
X = 20 mm Y = 14 mm
SLOT DEPTHS: 15 mm
Setup clearances: 2 mm
Milling depths: 15 mm
Pecking depths: 5 mm
Feed rate for pecking: 80 mm/min
1
1 2 2 10
Slot length 50 mm 80 mm 10
1st milling direction – +
X
Slot widths: 10 mm
15 30 80 100
Feed rate: 120 mm/min
SLOT MILLING cycle in a part program

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
5 CYCL DEF 3.0 SLOT MILLING ........................... Slot parallel to X-axis
7 CYCL DEF 3.2 DEPTH –15 ................................. Milling depth
8 CYCL DEF 3.3 PECKG –5 F80 ............................ Pecking depth, feed rate for pecking
9 CYCL DEF 3.4 X–50 ............................................ Slot length and first milling direction (–)
10 CYCL DEF 3.5 Y+10 ........................................... Slot width
11 CYCL DEF 3.6 F120 ............................................ Feed rate
12 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M6
13 L X+76 Y+15 FMAX M3 ..................................... Approach starting position, spindle on
14 L Z+2 F1000 M99 ............................................... Pre-positioning in Z, cycle call
15 CYCL DEF 3.0 SLOT MILLING ........................... Slot parallel to Y-axis
18 CYCL DEF 3.3 PECKG –5 F80 ............................ Pecking depth, feed rate for pecking
19 CYCL DEF 3.4 Y+80 ........................................... Slot length and first milling direction (+)
20 CYCL DEF 3.5 X+10 ........................................... Slot width
21 CYCL DEF 3.6 F110 ............................................ Feed rate
22 L X+20 Y+14 FMAX ........................................... Approach starting position
23 CYCL CALL ......................................................... Cycle call
24 L Z+100 FMAX M2
TNC 360 8-11

8 Cycles
POCKET MILLING (Cycle 4)

Process
The rectangular pocket milling cycle is a roughing cycle, in which
• the tool penetrates the workpiece at the starting position (pocket
center)
• the tool subsequently follows the programmed path at the specified
feed rate (see Fig. 8.9) .
The cutter begins milling in the positive axis direction of the longer side. A
With square pockets, the cutter begins in the positive Y-direction. At the C
end of the cycle, the tool returns to the starting position. B
Requirements / Limitations
This cycle requires a center-cut end mill (ISO 1641) or a separate pilot
drilling operation at the pocket center. The pocket sides are parallel to the
axes of the coordinate system.
Fig. 8.7: Infeeds and distances for the
POCKET MILLING cycle
Input data
• Setup clearance A
• Milling depth B
• Pecking depth C
Traversing speed of the tool during penetration.
• FIRST SIDE LENGTH D : DR+
Length of the pocket, parallel to the first main axis of the working
plane. E
• SECOND SIDE LENGTH E :
Width of the pocket DR–
The signs of the side lengths are always positive F
• FEED RATE:
Traversing speed of the tool in the working plane. D
• DIRECTION OF THE MILLING PATH:
DR + : Climb milling with M3
DR – : Up-cut milling with M3
Fig. 8.8: Side lengths of the pocket
The radius of the pocket corners is determined by the cutter radius. The tool does not perform any circular move-
ment in the pocket corners.
Calculations:
Stepover factor k:
k = KxR
K: Overlap factor (preset by the machine builder)
R: Cutter radius
Fig. 8.9: Tool path for roughing out
8-12 TNC 360

8 Cycles
Example: Rectangular pocket milling
Coordinates of the pocket center:

X = 60 mm Y = 35 mm Y
Milling depth: 10 mm
Pecking depth: 4 mm
Feed rate for pecking: 80 mm/min 55
5
First side length: 80 mm
R
Second side length: 40 mm
40
Milling feed rate: 100 mm/min
Direction of cutter path: +
15
80 X
20 100
POCKET MILLING cycle in a part program

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+110 Y+100 Z+0 ..................... Note: BLK FORM has been changed!
5 CYCL DEF 4.0 POCKET MILLING
8 CYCL DEF 4.3 PECKG –4 F80 ............................ Pecking depth and feed rate for pecking
9 CYCL DEF 4.4 X+80 ........................................... First side length of pocket
10 CYCL DEF 4.5 Y+40 ........................................... Second side length of pocket
11 CYCL DEF 4.6 F100 DR+RADIUS 0 ................... Feed rate and direction of cutter path
12 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M6
13 L X+60 Y+35 FMAX M3 ..................................... Pre-positioning in X, Y (pocket center), spindle on
14 L Z+2 FMAX ....................................................... Pre-positioning in Z
15 CYCL CALL ......................................................... Cycle call
16 L Z+100 FMAX M2
TNC 360 8-13

8 Cycles
CIRCULAR POCKET MILLING (Cycle 5)

Process
• Circular pocket milling is a roughing cycle. The tool penetrates the
workpiece from the starting position (pocket center).
• The cutter then follows a spiral path at the programmed feed rate (see
illustration at right). The stepover factor is determined by the value of k
(see Cycle 4, RECTANGULAR POCKET MILLING: calculations).
• The process is repeated until the programmed milling depth is reached.
• At the end of the cycle the tool returns to the starting position.
Required tool
This cycle requires a center-cut end mill (ISO 1641) or a separate pilot
drilling operation at the pocket center.
Fig. 8.10: Cutter path for roughing-out
Input data
• SETUP CLEARANCE A
• MILLING DEPTH B : depth of the pocket
• PECKING DEPTH C
Traversing speed of the tool during penetration
• CIRCLE RADIUS R :
Radius of the circular pocket
• FEED RATE: A
Traversing speed of the tool in the working plane C
• DIRECTION OF THE MILLING PATH: B
DR + : Climb milling with M3
DR – : Up-cut milling with M3
Fig. 8.11: Distances and infeeds with

CIRCULAR POCKET MILLING
F
DR+ DR–
Fig. 8.12: Direction of the cutter path
8-14 TNC 360

8 Cycles
Example: Milling a circular pocket
Coordinates of the pocket center:

Z
X = 60 mm Y = 50 mm
Milling depth: 12 mm Y
Pecking depth: 6 mm
Feed rate for pecking: 80 mm/min 12
Circle radius: 35 mm
35 X
50
Direction of the cutter path: –
60
CIRCULAR POCKET MILLING cycle in the part program

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
5 CYCL DEF 5.0 CIRCULAR POCKET
8 CYCL DEF 5.3 PECKG –6 F80 ............................ Pecking depth and feed rate for pecking
9 CYCL DEF 5.4 RADIUS 35 .................................. Circle radius
10 CYCL DEF 5.5 F 100 DR– ................................... Milling feed rate and direction of cutter path
11 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M6
12 L X+60 Y+50 FMAX M3 ..................................... Pre-positioning in X, Y, pocket center, spindle on
13 L Z+2 FMAX M99 ............................................... Starting position in Z, cycle call
14 L Z+100 FMAX M2
TNC 360 8-15

8 Cycles
8.3 SL Cycles
Subcontour list (SL) cycles are very powerful cycles that enable you to mill
any plane contour. They are characterized by the following features:
• A contour can consist of superimposed subcontours. Pockets and
islands compose the subcontours.
• The subcontours are programmed as subprograms.
• The control automatically superimposes the subcontours and calculates
the points of intersection of the subcontours with each other.
Cycle 14 CONTOUR GEOMETRY contains the subcontour list and is a

purely geometric cycle, containing no cutting data or infeed values.
Programming the parallel axes

Pockets and islands can also be machined in planes formed by parallel
axes.
Prerequisite:
The plane has to be perpendicular to the tool axis in TOOL CALL.
Example:
Tool axis Z or W; possible planes X/Y, U/Y, X/V, U/V
The coordinates of the desired machining plane must be in the first

coordinate block (positioning block or CC block) of the first subprogram
named in cycle 14 CONTOUR GEOMETRY.
Example:
Tool axis Z, machining plane X/V
.
.
.
TOOL DEF 1 L+0 R+3
TOOL CALL 1 Z S 1000
CYCL DEF 14.0 CONTOUR GEOM.
CYCL DEF 14.1 CONTOUR LABEL 1/2/3
.
.
.
L....M2
LBL 1
CC X+20 V+10
.
.
.
All other coordinates are then ignored.
8-16 TNC 360

8 Cycles
8.3 SL Cycles
The machining data are defined in the following cycles:

• PILOT DRILLING (cycle 15)
• ROUGH-OUT (cycle 6)
• CONTOUR MILLING (cycle 16)
Each subprogram defines whether RL or RR radius compensation applies.
The sequence of points determines the direction of rotation in which the
contour is to be machined. The control deduces from these data whether
the specific subprogram describes a pocket or an island:
• For a pocket the tool path is inside the contour
• For an island the tool path is outside the contour
• The way the SL contour is machined is determined by MP7420.

• We recommend a graphical test run before you machine the part. This will show if all contours were correctly
defined.
• All coordinate transformations are allowed in the subprograms for the subcontours.
• F and M words are ignored in the subprograms for the subcontours.
The following examples will at first use only the ROUGH-OUT cycle.
Later, as the examples become more complex, the full range of possibili-
ties of this group of cycles will be illustrated.
CONTOUR GEOMETRY (Cycle 14)

Application C D
A B
Cycle 14 CONTOUR GEOMETRY contains the list
of subcontours that make up the complete contour
Input data
Enter the LABEL numbers of the subprograms. A
maximum of 12 subprograms can be listed.
Effect
Cycle 14 becomes effective as soon as it is defined. Fig. 8.13: Example of an SL contour: A, B = pockets; C, D = islands
TNC 360 8-17

8 Cycles
8.3 SL Cycles
ROUGH-OUT (Cycle 6)
Process
Cycle 6 specifies the cutting path and partitioning.
• The tool is positioned in the tool axis above the first infeed point, taking
the finishing allowance into account.
• Then the tool penetrates into the workpiece at the programmed feed
rate for pecking.
Milling the contour:

• The tool mills the first subcontour at the specified feed rate, taking the
finishing allowance into account.
• When the tool returns to the infeed point, it is advanced to the next
pecking depth.
This process is repeated until the programmed milling depth is reached.

• Further contours are milled in the same manner.
Roughing out pockets:

• After milling the contour the pocket is roughed out. The stepover is
defined by the tool radius. Islands are jumped over.
• If necessary, pockets can be cleared out with several downfeeds.
• At the end of the cycle the tool returns to the setup clearance.
Required tool
This cycle requires a center cut end mill (ISO 1641) if the pocket is not
separately pilot drilled or if the tool must repeatedly jump over contours.
Input data
• SETUP CLEARANCE A A
• MILLING DEPTH B
C
• PECKING DEPTH C
B
Traversing speed of the tool during penetration
• FINISHING ALLOWANCE D :
Allowance in the machining plane (positive number)
• ROUGH-OUT ANGLE α :
Feed direction for roughing out. The rough-out angle is relative to the
angle reference axis and can be set such that the resulting cuts are as D
long as possible with few cutting movements.
Fig. 8.14: Infeeds and distances with the
• FEED RATE: ROUGH-OUT cycle
Traversing speed of the tool in the machining plane.
Machine parameters determine whether

• the contour is first milled and then surface machined, or vice-versa
• the contour is milled conventionally or by climb milling
• all pockets are first roughed out to the full milling depths and then D
contour milled, or vice-versa
• contour milling and roughing out are performed together for each
pecking depth.
Fig. 8.15: Tool path for rough-out
8-18 TNC 360

8 Cycles
8.3 SL Cycles
Example: Roughing out a rectangular pocket
Rectangular pocket with rounded corners

Tool: center-cut end mill (ISO 1641),
radius 5 mm. Y
12
2 5
R
Coordinates of the island corners: 60 1
X Y
1 70 mm 60 mm LBL
2 15 mm 60 mm
3 15 mm 20 mm 20
70 mm 20 mm 3 4
4 8
Coordinates of the auxiliary pocket: X
15 70
X Y
9
6 –5 mm –5 mm
7 105 mm –5 mm
8 105 mm 105 mm 7
9 –5 mm 105 mm
Starting point for machining: 6
5 X = 40 mm Y = 60 mm
Pecking depth: 8 mm
Finishing allowance: 0
Rough-out angle: 00
Feed rate for milling: 500 mm/min
Cycle in a part program

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
5 CYCL DEF 14.0 CONTOUR GEOM.
6 CYCL DEF 14.1 CONTOUR LABEL 2/1
7 CYCL DEF 6.0 ROUGH-OUT .............................. Cycle definition ROUGH-OUT
8 CYCL DEF 6.1 SET UP –2 DEPTH –15
9 CYCL DEF 6.2 PECKG –8 F100 ALLOW +0
10 CYCL DEF 6.3 ANGLE +0 F500
11 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M6
12 L X+40 Y+50 FMAX M3 ..................................... Pre-positioning in X, Y, spindle on
13 L Z+2 FMAX M99 ............................................... Pre-positioning in Z, cycle call
14 L Z+100 FMAX M2
15 LBL 1
16 L X+40 Y+60 RR
17 L X+15
18 RND R12
19 L Y+20 Subprogram 1:
20 RND R12 Geometry of the island
21 L X+70 (From radius compensation RR and counterclockwise
22 RND R12 machining, the control concludes that contour element 1
23 L Y+60 is an island)
24 RND R12
25 L X+40
26 LBL 0
27 LBL 2 Subprogram 2:
28 L X–5 Y–5 RL Geometry of the auxiliary pocket
29 L X+105 External limitation of the machined surface
30 L Y+105 (From radius compensation RL and counter-clock-
31 L X–5 wise machining, the control concludes that contour
32 L Y–5 element 2 is a pocket)
33 LBL 0
TNC 360 8-19

8 Cycles
8.3 SL Cycles
SL Cycles: Overlapping contours Z

Y
Pockets and islands can be overlapped to form a new contour. The area of
a pocket can thus be enlarged by another pocket or reduced by an island. X
Starting position
Machining begins at the starting position of the first pocket in cycle 14
CONTOUR GEOMETRY. The starting position should be located as far as Y Z
possible from the overlapping contours.
X
Fig. 8.16: Example for overlapping contours
Example: Overlapping pockets

Machining begins with the first contour label defined in block 6. The first
pocket must begin outside the second pocket.
Inside machining with a center-cut end mill

(ISO 1641), tool radius 3 mm.
Coordinates of the circle centers:

1 X = 35 mm Y = 50 mm Y
2 X = 65 mm Y = 50 mm
5
Circle radii 5
R2
R2
R = 25 mm
50 1 2
Pecking depth: 5 mm
X
Finishing allowance: 0 35 65
Rough-out angle: 0
Continued...
8-20 TNC 360

8 Cycles
8.3 SL Cycles

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
6 CYCL DEF 14.1 CONTOUR LABEL 1/2 .............. "List" of contour subprograms
7 CYCL DEF 6.0 ROUGH-OUT .............................. Cycle definition ROUGH-OUT
11 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M6
12 L X+50 Y+50 FMAX M3 ..................................... Pre-positioning X, Y, spindle on
13 L Z+2 FMAX M99 ............................................... Setup clearance Z, cycle call
14 L Z+100 FMAX M2 ............................................. Retract, return to start of program
15 LBL 1
.
.
.
19 LBL 0 Subprograms on pages 8-21 and
20 LBL 2 8-22 are inserted here
.
.
.
24 LBL 0
Subprograms: Overlapping pockets

The pocket elements A and B overlap.
The control automatically calculates the points of intersection S1 and S2,
so these points do not have to be programmed.
The pockets are programmed as full circles.
15 LBL 1
S1
16
17
L X+10 Y+50 RL
CC X+35 Y+50 A Left pocket
A B
18 C X+10 Y+50 DR+ S2
19 LBL 0
20 LBL 2
21 L X+90 Y+50 RL
22
23
CC X+65 Y+50
C X+90 Y+50 DR+
B Right pocket
24 LBL 0
25 END PGM 360821 MM Fig. 8.17: Points of intersection S1 and S2 of
pockets A and B
Depending on the control setup (machine parameters), machining starts
either with the outline or the surface:
Fig. 8.18: Outline is machined first Fig. 8.19: Surface is machined first
TNC 360 8-21

8 Cycles
8.3 SL Cycles
Area of inclusion
Both areas (element A and element B) are to be
machined — including the area of overlap.
• A and B must be pockets.
• The first pocket (in cycle 14) must start outside
the second. B
15 LBL 1
A
16 L X+10 Y+50 RL
17 CC X+35 Y+50
18 C X+10 Y+50 DR+
19 LBL 0
20 LBL 2
21 L X+90 Y+50 RL
22 CC X+65 Y+50
23 C X+90 Y+50 DR+ Fig. 8.20: Overlapping pockets: area of inclusion
24 LBL 0
Area of exclusion
Surface A is to be machined without the portion
overlapped by B:
• A must be a pocket and B an island.
• A must start outside of B.
15 LBL 1
16 L X+10 Y+50 RL B
17 CC X+35 Y+50 A
18 C X+10 Y+50 DR+
19 LBL 0
20 LBL 2
21 L X+90 Y+50 RR
22 CC X+65 Y+50
23 C X+90 Y+50 DR+
24 LBL 0
Fig. 8.21: Overlapping pockets: area of exclusion
Area of intersection
Only the area of intersection of A and B is to be
machined.
• A and B must be pockets.
• A must start inside B. A B
15 LBL 1
16 L X+60 Y+50 RL
17 CC X+35 Y+50
18 C X+60 Y+50 DR+
19 LBL 0
20 LBL 2
21 L X+90 Y+50 RL
22 CC X+65 Y+50
23 C X+90 Y+50 DR+ Fig. 8.22: Overlapping pockets: area of intersection
24 LBL 0
The subprograms are used in the main program on page 8-21.
8-22 TNC 360

8 Cycles
8.3 SL Cycles
Subprograms: Overlapping islands

An island always requires a pocket as an additional boundary (here,
LBL 1). A pocket can also reduce several island surfaces. The starting
point of this pocket must be within the first island. The starting points of
the remaining intersecting island contours must lie outside the pocket.

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL DEF 1 L+0 R+2.5
6 CYCL DEF 14.1 CONTOUR LABEL 2/3/1
7 CYCL DEF 6.0 ROUGH-OUT
11 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M6
12 L X+50 Y+50 FMAX M3
13 L Z+2 FMAX M99
14 L Z+100 FMAX M2
15 LBL 1
16 L X+5 Y+5 RL
17 L X+95
18 L Y+95
19 L X+5
20 L Y+5
21 LBL 0
22 LBL 2
.
.
.
26 LBL 0
27 LBL 3
.
.
.
31 LBL 0
Area of inclusion
Elements A and B are to be left unmachined
including the mutually overlapped surface:
• A and B must be islands.
• The first island must start outside the second
island. B
22 LBL 2 A
23 L X+10 Y+50 RR
24 CC X+35 Y+50
25 C X+10 Y+50 DR+
26 LBL 0
27 LBL 3
28 L X+90 Y+50 RR
29 CC X+65 Y+50
30 C X+90 Y+50 DR+
Fig. 8.23: Overlapping islands: area of inclusion
31 LBL 0
The supplements and subprograms are entered in the main program on page 8-23.
TNC 360 8-23

8 Cycles
8.3 SL Cycles
Area of exclusion
All of surface A is to be left unmachined except the
portion overlapped by B:
• A must be an island and B a pocket.
• B must start inside A.
22 LBL 2
B
23 L X+10 Y+50 RR A
24 CC X+35 Y+50
25 C X+10 Y+50 DR+
26 LBL 0
27 LBL 3
28 L X+40 Y+50 RL
29 CC X+65 Y+50
30 C X+40 Y+50 DR+
31 LBL 0
32 END PGM 360823 MM Fig. 8.24: Overlapping islands: area of exclusion
Area of intersection
Only the area of intersection of A and B is to remain
unmachined.
• A and B must be islands.

• A must start inside B. A B
22 LBL 2
23 L X+60 Y+50 RR
24 CC X+35 Y+50
25 C X+60 Y+50 DR+
26 LBL 0
27 LBL 3
28 L X+90 Y+50 RR
29 CC X+65 Y+50
30 C X+90 Y+50 DR+
31 LBL 0 Fig. 8.25: Overlapping islands: area of intersection
8-24 TNC 360

8 Cycles
8.3 SL Cycles
Example: Overlapping pockets and islands
PGM 360825 is an expansion of PGM 360821

for the inside islands C and D. 16 16
Y
Tool: Center-cut end mill (ISO 1641),
radius 3 mm. 50 16
The SL contour is composed of the elements
25
R2
R
A and B (two overlapping pockets) as well as
5
C and D (two islands within these pockets). X
35 65
D
C B
A

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
5 CYCL DEF 14.1 CONTOUR LABEL 1/2/3/4
11 L Z+2 R0 FMAX M3 Fig. 8.26: Milling the outlines
12 CYCL CALL
13 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M2
14 LBL 1
15 L X+10 Y+50 RL
16 CC X+35 Y+50
17 C X+10 Y+50 DR+
18 LBL 0
19 LBL 2
20 L X+90 Y+50 RL
21 CC X+65 Y+50
22 C X+90 Y+50 DR+
23 LBL 0
24 LBL 3
25 L X+27 Y+42 RL Fig. 8.27: Milling completed
26 L Y+58
27 L X+43
28 L Y+42
29 L X+27
30 LBL 0
31 LBL 4
32 L X+57 Y+42 RR
33 L X+73
34 L X+65 Y+58
35 L X+57 Y+42
36 LBL 0
TNC 360 8-25

8 Cycles
8.3 SL Cycles
PILOT DRILLING (Cycle 15)

Process Y
Pilot drilling of holes for cutter infeed at the starting points of the subcon-
tours. With SL contours that consist of several overlapping surfaces, the
cutter infeed point is the starting point of the first subcontour:
• The tool is positioned above the first infeed point.
• The subsequent drilling sequence is identical to that of cycle 1
PECKING.
• The tool is then positioned above the next infeed point, and the drilling
process is repeated.
X
Input data
• SETUP CLEARANCE
• TOTAL HOLE DEPTH Identical to cycle 1
Fig. 8.28: Example of cutter infeed points
• PECKING DEPTH for PECKING
PECKING
• DWELL TIME
• FEED RATE
• FINISHING ALLOWANCE
Allowed material for the drilling operation (see Fig. 8.29). Y
The sum of the tool radius and finishing allowance should be the same
for pilot drilling and roughing out. D
Fig. 8.29: Finishing allowance
8-26 TNC 360

8 Cycles
8.3 SL Cycles
CONTOUR MILLING (Cycle 16)

Cycle 16 CONTOUR MILLING is used to finish-mill the contour pocket.
This cycle can also be used generally for milling contours.
Process
• The tool is positioned above the first starting point.
• The tool then penetrates at the programmed feed rate to the first
pecking depth.
• On reaching the first pecking depth, the tool mills the first contour at
the programmed feed rate and in the specified direction of rotation.
• At the infeed point, the tool is advanced to the next pecking depth.
A
This process is repeated until the programmed milling depth is reached.
The remaining subcontours are milled in the same manner. C
B
Required tool
This cycle requires a center-cut end mill (ISO 1641).
Fig. 8.30: Infeeds and distances for

CONTOUR MILLING
Input data
• SETUP CLEARANCE A
• MILLING DEPTH B
• PECKING DEPTH C Y
Traversing speed of the tool during penetration. D
• DIRECTION OF ROTATION FOR CONTOUR MILLING:
The following is valid for M3:
DR+: Climb milling for pocket and
island
DR–: Up-cut milling for pocket and
island
• FEED RATE:
Traversing speed of the tool in the machining plane.
X
Fig. 8.31: Finishing allowance
TNC 360 8-27

8 Cycles
8.3 SL Cycles
The following scheme illustrates the application of the cycles Pilot Drilling,
Rough-Out and Contour Milling in part programming:
1. List of contour subprograms

CYCL DEF 14.0 CONTOUR GEOM.
Cycle call not required.
2. Drilling
Define and call the drilling
CYCL DEF 15.0 PILOT DRILLING
Pre-positioning
Cycle call required!
Fig. 8.32: PILOT DRILLING cycle
3. Rough-out
Define and call tool for rough milling
CYCL DEF 6.0 ROUGH-OUT
Pre-positioning
Fig. 8.33: ROUGH-OUT cycle
4. Finishing
Define and call finish milling tool
CYCL DEF 16.0 CONTOUR MILLING
Pre-positioning
Fig. 8.34: CONTOUR MILLING cycle
5. Contour subprograms
STOP M02
Subprograms for the subcontours.
8-28 TNC 360

8 Cycles
8.3 SL Cycles
Example: Overlapping pockets with islands
Inside machining with pilot drilling, roughing out

and finishing.
PGM 360830 is based on 360825:

The main program has been expanded by the
cycle definition and cycle calls for pilot drilling
and finishing.
The contour subprograms 1 to 4 are identical to

those in PGM 360825 (see page 8-25) and are
to be added after block 39.

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL DEF 1 L+0 R+2.2 ..................................... Drill
4 TOOL DEF 2 L+0 R+3 ........................................ Rough mill
5 TOOL DEF 3 L+0 R+2.5 ..................................... Finish mill
7 CYCL DEF 14.1 CONTOUR LABEL 1/2/3/4
8 CALL LBL 10
9 STOP M6
11 CYCL DEF 15.0 PILOT DRILL
12 CYCL DEF 15.1 SET UP –2 DEPTH –10 Pilot drilling
13 CYCL DEF 15.2 PECKG –5 F500 ALLOW +2.8
14 L Z+2 R0 FMAX
15 CYCL CALL M3
16 CALL LBL 10
17 STOP M6
21 CYCL DEF 6.2 PECKG –5 F100 ALLOW +2 Rough out
23 L Z+2 R0 FMAX
24 CYCL CALL M3
25 CALL LBL 10
26 STOP M6
28 CYCL DEF 16.0 CONTOUR MILLING
29 CYCL DEF 16.1 SET UP –2 DEPTH –10 Finishing
30 CYCL DEF 16.2 PECKG –5 F100 DR– F500
31 L Z+2 R0 FMAX
32 CYCL CALL M3
33 CALL LBL 10
34 L Z+20 R0 FMAX M2 ......................................... Retract and rapid return
35 LBL 10
36 TOOL CALL 0 Z .................................................. Tool change
37 L Z+100 R0 FMAX
38 L X–20 Y–20 R0 FMAX
39 LBL 0
From block 40: add the subprograms listed on page 8-25
TNC 360 8-29

8 Cycles
8.4 Cycles for Coordinate Transformations

Coordinate transformations enable a programmed
contour to be changed in its position, orientation or
size. A contour can be: NULLPUNKT-
VERSCHIEBUNG: SPIEGELN:
• shifted (cycle 7 DATUM SHIFT)
• mirrored (cycle 8 MIRROR IMAGE)
• rotated (cycle 10 ROTATION)
• made smaller or larger
(cycle 11 SCALING)
The original contour must be identified as a subpro-
gram or program section.
Activation of coordinate transformation

Immediate activation: A coordinate transformation DREHUNG: MASSFAKTOR:
becomes effective as soon as it is defined (it does
not have to be called). The transformation remains
effective until it is changed or cancelled.
To cancel a coordinate transformation:

• Define cycle for basic behavior with new values,
such as scaling factor 1.0
• Execute miscellaneous function M02, M30 or
END PGM block (depending on machine para-
meters)
• Select a new program Fig. 8.35: Examples of coordinate transformations
8-30 TNC 360

8 Cycles
DATUM SHIFT (Cycle 7)

Z
Application
With the aid of a datum shift, machining operations can be repeated at
various locations on the workpiece. Y Z
Y
X
Activation
X
When the DATUM SHIFT cycle has been defined, all coordinate data are
based on the new datum. Shifted axes are identified in the status display
by the letter N.
Input data
Only the coordinates of the new datum need to be entered. Absolute
values are based on the workpiece datum manually defined with datum Fig. 8.36: Activation of the datum shift
setting. Incremental values are based on the last valid datum; this datum
can itself be shifted.
Z Z
Y Y
IY
Y X X
IX
Fig. 8.37: Datum shift, absolute Fig. 8.38: Datum shift, incremental
Cancellation
To cancel a datum shift, enter the datum shift coordinates X = 0, Y = 0
and Z = 0.
When combining transformations, program the datum shift first.
TNC 360 8-31

8 Cycles
Example: Datum shift
A machining sequence in the form of a

subprogram is to be executed twice: Z
a) once, referenced to the specified datum 1
X+0/Y+0 and
b) a second time, referenced to the shifted
datum 2 X+40/Y+60.
Y Z
Y
15 X
2
20
60
25 X
40 30
1
20
15
25 30

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
5 L Z+100 R0 FMAX
6 CALL LBL 1 ........................................................ Without a datum shift
8 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+40
9 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+60
10 CALL LBL 1 ........................................................ With a datum shift
11 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM SHIFT ............................ Cancellation of datum shift
12 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+0
13 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+0
14 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M2
15 LBL 1
16 L X–10 Y–10 R0 FMAX M3
17 L Z+2 FMAX
18 L Z–5 F200
19 L X+0 Y+0 RL
20 L Y+20
Subprogram for the geometry of the original contour
21 L X+25
22 L X+30 Y+15
23 L Y+0
24 L X+0
25 L X–10 Y–10 R0
26 L Z+2 FMAX
27 LBL 0
The location of the subprogram (NC block) depends on the transformation

cycle:
LBL 1 LBL 0
Datum shift Block 15 Block 27
Mirror image, rotation, scaling Block 19 Block 31
8-32 TNC 360

8 Cycles
MIRROR IMAGE (Cycle 8)

Application
This cycle makes it possible to machine the mirror Z
image of a contour in the machining plane.
Y
Fig. 8.39: MIRROR IMAGE cycle
Activation Z
The Mirror Image cycle becomes active as soon as
it is defined:
Mirrored axes are identified in the status display by
the letter S.
Y
• If one axis is mirrored, the machining direction of X
the tool is reversed (this holds only for machining
cycles).
• If two axes are mirrored, the machining direction
remains the same.
The mirror image depends on the location of the

datum:
• If the datum is located on the mirrored contour,
the part "flips over."
• If the datum is located outside the mirrored Fig. 8.40: Multiple mirroring and milling direction
contour, the part flips over and also moves to
another location.
Input data Z
Enter the axis that you wish to mirror. The tool axis Y
cannot be mirrored.
X
Cancellation
To cancel a mirror image, answer the dialog query
with NO ENT.
Fig. 8.41: Datum lies outside the mirrored contour
TNC 360 8-33

8 Cycles
Example: Mirror image
A machining sequence (subprogram 1) is to be

executed once – as originally programmed – Z
referenced to the datum X+0/Y+0 1 and then
again referenced to X+70/Y+60 2 mirrored 3 Z
in X.
Y Y
3
2
X
X
60
1
20
15
70
25 30
MIRROR IMAGE cycle in a part program

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
5 L Z+100 R0 FMAX
6 CALL LBL 1 ........................................................ Not mirrored 1 ; mirrored execution sequence:
7 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM ....................................... 1. Datum shift 2
8 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+70
9 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+60
10 CYCL DEF 8.0 MIRROR IMAGE ......................... 2. Mirror image 3
11 CYCL DEF 8.1 X
12 CALL LBL 1 ........................................................ 3. Subprogram call
13 CYCL DEF 8.0 MIRROR IMAGE ......................... Cancel mirror image
14 CYCL DEF 8.1
15 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM ....................................... Cancel datum shift
16 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+0
17 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+0
18 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M2
19 LBL 1
20 L X–10 Y–10 R0 FMAX M3
21 L Z+2 FMAX
22 L Z–5 F200
23 L X+0 Y+0 RL
24 L Y+20 This subprogram is identical to the subpro-
25 L X+25 gram on page 8-32
26 L X+30 Y+15
27 L Y+0
28 L X+0
29 L X–10 Y–10 R0
30 L Z+2 FMAX
31 LBL 0
8-34 TNC 360

8 Cycles
ROTATION (Cycle 10)

Application
Within a program the coordinate system can rotated about the active
datum in the working plane.
Activation
A rotation becomes active as soon as the cycle is defined. This cycle is
also effective in the POSITIONING WITH MANUAL INPUT mode.
Reference axis for the rotation angle:

• X/Y plane X-axis
• Y/Z plane Y-axis
• Z/X plane Z-axis
The active rotation angle is indicated in the status display with ROT.
Input data
The angle of rotation is entered in degrees (°).
Entry range: –360° to +360° (absolute or incremental)
Cancellation
To cancel a rotation, enter a rotation angle of 0°.
Example: Rotation
A contour (subprogram 1) is to be executed

once – as originally programmed – referenced Z
to the datum X+0/Y+0 and then executed again
referenced to X+70 Y+60 and rotated by 35°.
Z
X
Y
Y 3
35°
2 X
1
60
70
Continued...
TNC 360 8-35

8 Cycles

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
5 L Z+100 R0 FMAX
6 CALL LBL 1 ........................................................ Non-rotated execution 1
7 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM ....................................... Rotated execution. Sequence:
8 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+70
9 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+60 ........................................... 1. Datum shift 2
10 CYCL DEF 10.0 ROTATION ................................ 2. Rotation 3
11 CYCL DEF 10.1 ROT +35
12 CALL LBL 1 ........................................................ 3. Subprogram call
13 CYCL DEF 10.0 ROTATION ................................ Cancel rotation
14 CYCL DEF 10.1 ROT 0
15 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM ....................................... Cancel datum shift
16 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+0
17 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+0
18 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M2
19 LBL 1
.
.
.
LBL 0
END PGM 360838 MM
The corresponding subprogram (see page 8-32) is programmed after M02.
SCALING FACTOR (Cycle 11)

Application
This cycle allows you to increase or reduce the size of contours within a
program, such as for shrinkage or finishing allowances.
Activation
A scaling factor becomes effective as soon as the cycle is defined.
Scaling factors can be applied
• in the machining plane, or to all three coordinate axes at the same time
(depending on MP7410)
• to the dimensions in cycles
• also in the parallel axes U, V, W
The scaling factor is indicated in the status display with SCL.
Input data
The cycle is defined by entering the scaling factor SCL. The TNC multiplies
the coordinates and radii by the SCL factor (as described under
“Activation” above).
To increase the size: enter SCL greater than 1 (max. 99.999 999)
To reduce the size: enter SCL less than 1 (down to 0.000 001)
Cancellation
To cancel a scaling factor, enter a scaling factor of 1.
Prerequisite
Before entering a scaling factor it is advisable to set the datum to an edge
or corner of the contour.
8-36 TNC 360

8 Cycles
Example: Scaling factor
A contour (subprogram 1) is to be executed

once – as originally programmed – at the Z
manually set datum X+0/Y+0 and then executed
again referenced to the position X+60/Y+70 and
with a scaling factor of 0.8.
Z
Y
Y 3
X
12
16 20
2
70 24
X
20 1
15
60
25 30
SCALING FACTOR cycle in a part program

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z–20
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
5 L Z+100 R0 FMAX
6 CALL LBL 1 ........................................................ Execution at original size 1
7 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM ....................................... Execution with scaling factor. Sequence:
8 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+60
9 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+70 ........................................... 1. Datum shift 2
10 CYCL DEF 11.0 SCALING ................................... 2. Define scaling factor 3
11 CYCL DEF 11.1 SCL 0.8
12 CALL LBL 1 ........................................................ 3. Call subprogram (scaling factor active)
13 CYCL DEF 11.0 SCALING ................................... Cancel transformations
14 CYCL DEF 11.1 SCL 1
15 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM
16 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+0
17 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+0
18 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M2
19 LBL 1
20 L X–10 Y–10 R0 FMAX M3
21 L Z+2 FMAX
22 L Z–5 F200
23 L X+0 Y+0 RL
24 L Y+20
25 L X+25
26 L X+30 Y+15
27 L Y+0
28 L X+0
29 L X–10 Y–10 R0
30 L Z+2 FMAX
31 LBL 0
TNC 360 8-37

8 Cycles
8.5 Other Cycles
DWELL TIME (Cycle 9)

Application
Within a running program, the execution of the next block is delayed by
the programmed dwell time.
The dwell time cycle can be used, for example, for chip breaking.
Activation
This cycle becomes effective as soon as it is defined. Modal conditions
(such as a spindle rotation) are not affected.
Input data
A dwell time is entered in seconds.
Entry range: 0 to 30 000 s (approx. 8.3 hours) in increments of 0.001 s.
PROGRAM CALL (Cycle 12)

Application and activation
Part programs such as special drilling cycles, curve milling or geometric
modules, can be written as main programs and then called for use just like
fixed cycles.
Input data
Enter the file name of the program to be called.
The program is called with

• CYCL CALL (separate block) or
• M99 (blockwise) or
• M89 (modally)
Example: Program call

A callable program (program 50) is to be called into a program with a cycle
call.
Part program
.
.
.
CYCL DEF 12.0 PGM CALL ........................................ Definition:
CYCL DEF 12.1 PGM 50 ............................................. “Program 50 is a cycle”
L X+20 Y+50 FMAX M99 ........................................... Call of program 50
.
.
.
8-38 TNC 360

8 Cycles
8.5 Other Cycles
ORIENTED SPINDLE STOP (Cycle 13)
Application
The control can address the machine tool spindle as a 5th axis and turn
it to a certain angular position. Oriented spindle stops are required for:
• Tool changing systems with a defined tool change position
• Orientation of the transmitter/receiver window of the TS 511 Touch
Probe System from HEIDENHAIN OO
Activation
The angle of orientation defined in the cycle is positioned to with M19. If
M19 is executed without a cycle definition, the machine tool spindle will
be oriented to the angle set in the machine parameters.
Fig. 8.42: Oriented spindle stop
Oriented spindle stops can also be programmed in machine parameters.
Prerequisite
The machine must be set up for this cycle.
Input data
Angle of orientation (based on the reference axis of the machining plane)
Input range: 0 to 360°
Input resolution: 0.1°
TNC 360 8-39

The digitizing option enables you to reduce a three-dimensional part into

discrete digital information by scanning it with the TS 120 touch probe.
The following components are required for digitizing:
• TS 120 three-dimensional touch probe
• “Digitizing option” software module in the TNC
• External data storage, such as:
HEIDENHAIN FE 401 floppy disk unit
or
PC (IBM-compatible) with HEIDENHAIN TNC.EXE data transfer soft-
ware
The digitized surface data can be evaluated with the
• SUSA evaluation software for IBM-compatible PCs
.
The TNC and machine must have been prepared by the machine tool builder for the use of a 3D touch probe.
9.1 The Digitizing Process

The touch probe scans a 3D surface point-for-point in a selectable grid.
The scanning speeds vary from 200 to 600 mm/min (about 8 to 24 ipm).
The TNC transmits the digitized positions as straight-line blocks in
HEIDENHAIN format. The interface function PRINT (see page 7-15)
determines where the blocks are stored:
• In the program memory of the TNC
• Externally via RS-232 interface
If very large amounts of data are generated, you will have to store them in
a PC.
Generating programs with digitized data

The TNC automatically converts the digitized data into an NC part pro-
gram. Such a program can be run without any additional processing
provided that the cutter has the same radius as the probe stylus tip.
The HEIDENHAIN evaluation software SUSA calculates male/female
transformations and tool paths for tool radii and tool shapes that differ
from the shape of the probe stylus tip.
Overview: Digitizing cycles

The following digitizing cycles are available:
• RANGE For defining the scanning range
• MEANDER For digitizing line by line
• CONTOUR LINES For digitizing contour lines
Transferring digitized data

The digitized data are stored externally in a file which you name in cycle 5:
RANGE.
• The digitizing cycles operate in HEIDENHAIN conversational dialog.

• Digitizing cycles are programmed only for the axes X, Y and Z.
• Coordinate transformations or a basic rotation must not be active during digitizing.
9-2 TNC 360

9.2 Digitizing Range

The digitizing range is defined in cycle 5: RANGE. The model to be
scanned must lie within this range. You also enter the name of the file for
the digitized data as well as a clearance height for pre-positioning the
Z
touch probe.
MAX
Y ZS
MIN
Fig. 9.1: Clearance height and digitizing
range
Input data
• PGM NAME
Name of the file in which the digitized data is to be stored
• MIN POINT RANGE
Coordinates of the lowest point in the range to be digitized
• MAX POINT RANGE
Coordinates of the highest point in the range to be digitized
• CLEARANCE HEIGHT
Position in the probe axis at which the probe cannot collide with the
model
Setting the scanning range
TOUCH
PROBE TCH PROBE: 0 REF. PLANE
GOTO
5 ENT
Select digitizing cycle 5: RANGE.
TCH PROBE: 5 RANGE
ENT
Confirm selection.
PGM NAME?
Enter the name of the file in which the digitizing data are to be stored.
TCH PROBE AXIS?
Enter the touch probe axis.

e.g. Z
.
.
.
TNC 360 9-3

9.2 Digitizing Range
.
.
.
MIN. POINT RANGE ?
e.g. 0 ENT
Enter in sequence the X, Y and Z coordinates of the range MIN point.
0 ENT
0 ENT
MAX. POINT RANGE?
e.g. 1 0 ENT Enter in sequence the X, Y and Z coordinates of the range MAX point.
e.g. 1 0 ENT
e.g. 2 0 ENT
CLEARANCE HEIGHT?
e.g. 1 0 0 Enter the clearance height for the touch probe.
ENT
.
.
.
TCH PROBE 5.0 RANGE
TCH PROBE 5.1 PGM NAME: 5007
TCH PROBE 5.2 Z X+0 Y+0 Z+0
TCH PROBE 5.3 X+10 Y+10 Z+20
TCH PROBE 5.4 HEIGHT: + 100
.
.
.
9-4 TNC 360

9.3 Line-By-Line Digitizing Z

The MEANDER cycle scans and digitizes a 3D
contour in a back-and-forth (“meandering”) series
of parallel lines.
Y
Fig. 9.2: Scanning a line on the 3D surface
Starting position
• Coordinates from the RANGE cycle:
X and Y coordinates of the MIN point
Z coordinate = CLEARANCE HEIGHT
• Automatically move to the starting position:
first Z, then X and Y
Contour approach
The touch probe moves in the negative Z direction towards the model.
Upon contact, the TNC stores the position.
Input data
• LINE DIRECTION
Coordinate axis in whose positive direction the touch probe moves
(beginning with the first contour point).
• LIMIT IN NORMAL LINES DIRECTION
Distance the probe is retracted from the model after each deflection of
the stylus during scanning
• LINE SPACING
The offset by which the probe moves at the ends of the lines before
scanning the next line
• MAX. PROBE POINT INTERVAL
Maximum spacing between consecutive digitized positions
The LINE SPACING and MAX. PROBE POINT INTERVAL cannot exceed 5 mm.
TNC 360 9-5

9.3 Line-By-Line Digitizing
The touch probe moves in the positive direction of

the axis entered under LINE DIRECTION. When the Z
probe reaches the MAX coordinate on this axis, it
moves by the line spacing (L.SPAC) in the positive
direction of the other axis in the working plane (i.e.
in the column direction). It then moves back in the
negative line direction, and at the other end moves Y
again by the programmed line spacing.
This process is repeated until the entire range has

been scanned. X
While the probe is moving, the coordinates of the
center of the probe tip are stored at intervals equal
to or less than the programmed probe point
interval.
When the entire range has been scanned, the Fig. 9.3: Digitizing with the MEANDER cycle
touch probe returns to the CLEARANCE HEIGHT.
Setting the digitizing parameters:
TOUCH
PROBE TCH PROBE: 0 REF PLANE
GOTO
6 ENT
Select the digitizing cycle 6: MEANDER.
TCH PROBE: 6 MEANDER
ENT
LINE DIRECTION ?
e.g. X ENT
Enter the line direction, for example X.
LIMIT IN NORMAL LINES DIRECTION ?
e.g. 0 . 5 Enter the distance by which the probe is to retract from the surface,
for example 0.5 mm.
ENT
LINE SPACING ?
. Enter the desired line spacing, for example 0.2 mm.

e.g. 0 2
ENT
.
.
.
9-6 TNC 360

9.3 Line-By-Line Digitizing
.
.
.
MAX. PROBE POINT INTERVAL ?
Enter the maximum probe point interval, for example 0.8 mm.
e.g. 0 . 8
ENT
TCH PROBE 6.0 MEANDER
TCH PROBE 6.1 DIRECTN: X
TCH PROBE 6.2 TRAVEL: 0.5 L.SPAC: 0.2
P.P. INT: 0.8
Before cycle 6: MEANDER the program must have a range defined in digitizing cycle 5: RANGE.
TNC 360 9-7

9.4 Contour Line Digitizing Z
The CONTOUR LINES cycle scans a 3D contour by

circling around the model in a series of upwardly
successive levels. Y
1
Fig. 9.4: Scanning one level of a 3D surface
Starting position
• Z coordinate of the MIN point from the RANGE cycle if the line spacing
was entered as a positive value, or Z coordinate of the MAX point if the
line spacing was entered as a negative value.
• Define the X and Y coordinates in the CONTOUR LINES cycle
• Automatically approach the starting point:
first in Z to the CLEARANCE HEIGHT (from RANGE cycle), then in
X and Y
Contour approach
The probe moves towards the surface in the programmed direction. When
it makes contact, the TNC stores the position coordinates.
Input data
• TIME LIMIT
The time within which the probe must orbit the model and reach the
first probe point. If the time limit is exceeded, the control aborts the
digitizing cycle. The input value 0 means there is no time limit.
• STARTING POINT
Coordinates of the starting point in the plane perpendicular to the probe
axis.
• AXIS AND DIRECTION OF APPROACH
Coordinate axis and direction in which the probe approaches the model.
• STARTING PROBE AXIS AND DIRECTION
Coordinate axis and direction in which the probe begins scanning the
model.
• LIMIT IN NORMAL LINES DIRECTION
Distance by which the probe is retracted from the model after a stylus
deflection.
• LINE SPACING
Offset by which the probe moves to start a new contour line. The
algebraic sign determines the direction.
• MAX. PROBE POINT INTERVAL
Maximum distance between digitized positions.
• The LINE SPACING and MAX. PROBE POINT INTERVAL cannot exceed 5 mm.
• After digitizing, the TNC moves the 3D touch probe back to the programmed STARTING POINT.
9-8 TNC 360

9.4 Contour Line Digitizing
Limits of the scanning range

• In the touch probe axis:
The defined range must be lower than the highest point of the 3D
model by at least the radius of the probe tip.
• In the plane perpendicular to the touch probe:
The defined range must be larger than the 3D model by at least the
radius of the probe.
The probe starts scanning in the direction that was

entered as the STARTING PROBE AXIS AND Z
DIRECTION. The scanned positions are digitized at
intervals equal to or less than the MAX. PROBE
POINT interval. Y
When the probe has orbited the model and re-
turned to the first probe point, it then moves in Z
direction by the programmed LINE SPACING:
• Positive LINE SPACING:
offset in positive Z direction
X
• Negative LINE SPACING:
offset in negative Z direction
The probe must return to the coordinates of the 1

first digitized position to within one-quarter of the
programmed point spacing. The process is repeat-
ed until the entire range is scanned. Fig. 9.5: Digitizing with the CONTOUR LINES cycle
When the entire range has been scanned, the

probe returns to the CLEARANCE HEIGHT.
Setting the digitizing parameters
TOUCH
PROBE TCH PROBE: 0 REF. PLANE
GOTO
7 ENT
Select digitizing cycle 7: CONTOUR LINES.
TCH PROBE: 7 CONTOUR LINES
ENT
TIME LIMIT ?
e.g. 2 0 0 Enter the time limit, for example 200 seconds.
ENT
STARTING POINT ?
X e.g. 5 0 Enter the coordinates of the starting point (for example, X = 50 mm

and Y = 0), and confirm your entry.
Y e.g. 0
ENT
.
.
TNC 360 9-9
.
.
.
AXIS AND DIRECTION OF APPROACH ?
z.B. Y +/ ENT
Enter the approach direction, for example Y–.
STARTING PROBE AXIS AND DIRECTN?
e.g. X +/ ENT Enter the starting direction, for example X+.
LIMIT IN NORMAL LINES DIRECTION ?
e.g. 0 . 5 Enter the distance the probe is retracted, for example 0.5 mm.
ENT
LINE SPACING AND DIRECTION ?
e.g. +/ ENT
Enter the line spacing, here 1 mm. The algebraic sign determines the
direction in which the probe moves to start the next contour line.
MAX. PROBE POINT INTERVAL ?
e.g. 0 . 2 Enter the maximum probe point interval, for example 0.2 mm.
ENT
TCH PROBE 7.0 CONTOUR LINES
TCH PROBE 7.1 TIME: 200 X+50 Y+0
TCH PROBE 7.2 ORDER Y–/X+
TCH PROBE 7.3 TRAVEL: 0.5 L.SPAC: –1 P.P. INT: 0.2
Before Cycle 7: CONTOUR LINES, the program must have a range defined in digitizing Cycle 5: RANGE.
9-10 TNC 360

The TNC generates an NC part program from the digitized data. The
program name is entered in the scanning cycle RANGE.
During machine execution, the tool radius determines the shape of the
machined contour.
When tool radius equals the effective probe tip radius

The program can be run without any changes. The model that has been
scanned is reproduced.
When the tool radius does not equal the effective probe tip radius
In this case the machined part will be either smaller or larger than the
model. The HEIDENHAIN evaluation software SUSA can reproduce the
original shape of workpiece models that were scanned with the meander
scanning process.
9.5 Using Digitized Data in a Part Program

Program example with digitized data from the CONTOUR LINES cycle
0 BEGIN PGM DATA MM ..................................... Program name DATA.H is entered in the RANGE cycle
1 L Z+40 FMAX ..................................................... Starting point in Z
2 L X+0 Y–25 FMAX .............................................. Starting point in X, Y
3 L X+2.005 Y–12.561 ........................................... 1st digitized position
4 L X+2.025 Y–12.375 ........................................... 2nd digitized position
.
.
.
L X+2.005 Y–12.560 ........................................... Contour line completed: probe has returned to first digitized
. position
.
.
L Z+0.5 X+0 Y–10.423 ........................................ 1st digitized position at the height of the new line
.
.
.
L X+0 Y–12.560 .................................................. Last digitized position
.
.
.
L X+0 Y–25 FMAX .............................................. Return to starting point in X, Y
L Z+40 FMAX ..................................................... Return to clearance height
END PGM DATA MM ......................................... Program end
Note:
• The feed rate of the touch probe system for approaching the starting
point and departing the end point is set in machine parameters for the
touch probe.
• The program length is limited only by the capacity of the external
storage device. After block 65535 the numbering begins again with 0.
• The probe scans the contour up to the next contour line.
• The TNC automatically marks the program beginning and end for data
transfer.
TNC 360 9-11

9.5 Using Digitized Data in a Part Program
Executing a part program from digitized data

Before the digitized data program can be transferred blockwise
(see page 3-6) and executed, the TNC must receive the following informa-
tion from another program:
• Tool radius and length
• Feed rate of tool
• Spindle axis and rpm
• Miscellaneous function for spindle
The program must contain the following five lines:
0 BEGIN PGM 444 MM ......................................... Any program number

1 TOOL DEF 1 L+30 R+4 ...................................... Tool
2 TOOL CALL 1 Z S1000 ....................................... Tool axis and spindle speed
3 L R0 F500 M3 ..................................................... No radius compensation
4 L R F M xy .......................................................... M xy: M function defined by the machine builder, through
which the tool, feed rate and direction of spindle
rotation remain effective even when a new program
(the digitized data program) is selected.
5 END PGM 444 MM
At the end of the digitized data program generated by the CONTOUR LINES cycle, the tool is returned to the pro-
grammed starting point.
9-12 TNC 360

The TNC features an RS-232-C data interface for

transferring data to and from other devices. It can PROGRAMMING AND EDITING
be used in the PROGRAMMING AND EDITING SELECTION = ENT/END = NOENT
operating mode and in a program run mode. PROGRAM DIRECTORY
READ-IN ALL PROGRAMS
READ-IN PROGRAM OFFERED
Possible applications: READ-IN SELECTED PROGRAM
• Blockwise transfer (DNC mode) READ-OUT SELECTED PROGRAM
• Downloading program files into the TNC READ-OUT ALL PROGRAMS
• Transferring program files from the TNC to
external storage devices Fig. 10.1: Menu for external data transfer
• Printing files
10.1 Menu for External Data Transfer

To select external data transfer:
Menu for external data transfer appears on the screen.

EXT
Use the arrow keys to select the individual menu

options.
Function Menu option
Display program numbers of the programs PROGRAM DIRECTORY

on the storage medium
Transfer all programs from the storage medium READ-IN ALL PROGRAMS
into the TNC
Display programs for transfer into the TNC READ-IN PROGRAM OFFERED
Transfer selected program into the TNC READ-IN SELECTED PROGRAM
Transfer selected program to an external device READ-OUT SELECTED PROGRAM
Transfer all programs which are in TNC memory READ-OUT ALL PROGRAMS
to an external device
Aborting data transfer

To abort a data transfer process, press END.
If you are transferring data between two TNCs, the receiving control must be started first.
Blockwise transfer
In the operating modes PROGRAM RUN/FULL SEQUENCE and SINGLE
BLOCK, it is possible to transfer programs which exceed the memory
capacity of the TNC by means of blockwise transfer with simultaneous
execution (see page 3-6).
10-2 TNC 360

10.2 Pin Layout and Connecting Cable for the Data Interface
RS-232-C/V.24 Interface
HEIDENHAIN devices
External unit HEIDENHAIN V.24- HEIDENHAIN X21

eg. FE standard cable adapter block connecting cable TNC
3m max. 17 m
Id.-Nr. 242 869 01 Id.-Nr. 239 758 01 Id.-Nr. 239 760..
WH/BN WH/BN WH/BN WH/BN

GND 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 GND Chassis
GN YL
TXD 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 RXD Receive Data
YL GN
RXD 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 TXD Transmit Data
GY PK
RTS 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 CTS Clear To Send
PK GY
CTS 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 RTS Request To Send
BL BN
DSR 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 DTR Data Terminal Ready
RD RD
GND 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 GND Signal Ground
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14
15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19
BN BL
DTR 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 DSR Data Set Ready
Fig. 10.2: Pin layout of the RS-232-C/V.24 interface for HEIDENHAIN devices
The connecting pin layout on the TNC logic unit (X25) is different from that on the adapter block.
Non-HEIDENHAIN devices
The connector pin layout on a non-HEIDENHAIN device may differ
considerably from that on a HEIDENHAIN device. The pin layout will
depend on the unit and the type of data transfer.
TNC 360 10-3

10.3 Preparing the Devices for Data Transfer
HEIDENHAIN Devices
HEIDENHAIN devices (FE floppy disk unit and ME magnetic tape unit) are
designed for use with the TNC. They can be used for data transfer
without further adjustments.
Example: FE 401 Floppy Disk Unit

• Connect the power cable to the FE
• Connect the FE and the TNC with data transfer cable
• Switch on the FE
• Insert a diskette into the upper drive
• Format the diskette if necessary
• Set the interface (see page 11-3)
• Transfer the data
The baud rate can be selected on the FE 401 floppy disk unit.
Non-HEIDENHAIN devices
The TNC and non-HEIDENHAIN devices must be adapted to each other.
Adapting a non-HEIDENHAIN TNC

• PC: Adapt the software
• Printer: Adjust the DIP switches
Adapting the TNC for a non-HEIDENHAIN device

• Set user parameter 5020
10-4 TNC 360

11 MOD Functions
The MOD functions provide additional displays and input possibilities. The
MOD functions available depend on the selected operating mode.
Functions available in the operating modes PROGRAMMING AND EDIT-

ING and TEST RUN:
• Display NC software number
• Display PLC software number
• Enter code number
• Set the data interface
• Machine-specific user parameters
• Selection of axes for L block generation
Functions available in all other modes:

• Display NC software number
• Display PLC software number
• Select position display
• Select unit of measurement (mm/inch)
• Select programming language
• Set traverse limits
• Selection of axes for L block generation
11.1 Selecting, Changing and Exiting the MOD Functions

To select the MOD functions:
MOD Select the MOD functions.
To change the MOD functions:
Select the desired MOD function with the arrow keys.
ENT Page through the MOD functions until you find the desired function.
Repeatedly
To exit the MOD functions:
END
Close the MOD functions.
11.2 NC and PLC Software Numbers

The software numbers of the NC and PLC are displayed in the dialog field
when the corresponding MOD function is selected.
11-2 TNC 360

11 MOD Functions
11.3 Entering the Code Number

The TNC asks for a code number before allowing access to certain
functions:
Function Code number
Cancel erase/edit protection (status P) 86357

Select user parameters 123
Timers for:
Control ON
Program run
Spindle ON 857282
Code numbers are entered in the dialog field after the corresponding MOD
function is selected.
11.4 Setting the External Data Interfaces

Two functions are available for setting the external data interface:
• BAUD RATE
• RS-232 INTERFACE
Use the vertical arrow keys to select the functions.
BAUD RATE
The baud rate is the speed of data transfer in bits per second.
Permissible baud rates (enter with the numerical keys):
110, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400 baud
The ME 101 has a baud rate of 2400.
RS-232-C Interface
The proper setting depends on the connected device.
Use the ENT key to select the baud rate.
External device RS-232-C interface =
HEIDENHAIN FE 401 and FE 401B

floppy disk units FE
HEIDENHAIN ME 101 magnetic tape

unit (no longer in production) ME
Non-HEIDENHAIN units such as printers,

tape punchers, and PCs without TNC.EXE EXT
No transfer of data – empty –
TNC 360 11-3

11 MOD Functions
11.5 Machine-Specific User Parameters

The machine tool builder can assign functions to up to 16 USER
PARAMETERS. For more detailed information, refer to the operating
manual for the machine tool.
1
11.6 Selecting Position Display Types
2 3
The positions indicated in Fig. 11.1 are:
• Starting position A A Z
• Target position of the tool Z
• Workpiece datum W 4 5
• Scale datum M
W
Fig. 11.1: Characteristic positions on the workpiece and scale
The TNC position display can show the

following coordinates:
• Nominal position (the value presently

commanded by the TNC) 1 ...................................................... NOML.
• Actual position (the position at which the
tool is presently located) 2 ........................................................ ACTL.
• Servo lag (difference between the nominal
and actual positions) 3 .............................................................. LAG
• Reference position (the actual position as
referenced to the scale datum) 4 .............................................. REF
• Distance remaining to the programmed position
(difference between actual and target position) 5 .................... DIST.
Select the desired information with the ENT key. It is then displayed
directly in the status field.
11-4 TNC 360

11 MOD Functions
11.7 Selecting the Unit of Measurement

This MOD function determines whether coordinates are displayed in
millimeters or inches.
• Metric system: e.g. X = 15.789 (mm)
MOD function CHANGE MM/INCH
The value is displayed with 3 places after the decimal point
• Inch system: e.g. X = 0.6216 (inch)
MOD function CHANGE MM/INCH
The value is displayed with 4 places after the decimal point
11.8 Selecting the Programming Language

The MOD function PROGRAM INPUT lets you choose between program-
ming in HEIDENHAIN plain language format and ISO format:
• To program in HEIDENHAIN format:
Set the PROGRAM INPUT function to HEIDENHAIN
• To program in ISO format:
Set the PROGRAM INPUT function to: ISO
11.9 Axes for L Block from Actual Position Capture

With the MOD function AXIS SELECTION you can determine which axis
coordinates will be stored in the L block generated through actual position
capture. Press the orange axes keys to select the desired axes. You can
select up to three axes.
The machine and TNC must be prepared for this feature by the machine tool builder.
TNC 360 11-5

11 MOD Functions
11.10 Setting the Axis Traverse Limits Z

The AXIS LIMIT mod function allows you to set
limits to axis traverse within the machine's maxi-
mum working envelope. Z
max
Possible application: Z
min
to protect an indexing fixture from tool collision.
Y
The maximum traverse range is defined by soft- X
ware limit switches. This range can be additionaly min Y
limited through the AXIS LIMIT mod function. With X
max max
this function you can enter the maximum traverse
positions for the positive and negative directions.
Y
min
These values are referenced to the scale datum.
X
Fig. 11.2: Traverse limits on the workpiece
Working without additional traverse limits

To allow certain coordinate axes to use their full range of traverse, enter
the maximum traverse of the TNC (+/– 30 000 mm) as the AXIS LIMIT.
To find and enter the maximum traverse:
Select POSITION DISPLAY REF.
Move the spindle to the desired positive and negative end positions of the X, Y and Z axes.
Write down the values, noting the algebraic sign.
MOD Select the MOD functions.
Enter the values that you wrote down as LIMITS in the corresponding axes.
END Exit the MOD functions.
• The tool radius is not automatically compensated in the axis traverse limits values.
• Traverse range limits and software limit switches become active as soon as the reference marks are crossed
over.
• In every axis the TNC checks whether the negative limit is smaller than the positive one.
• The reference positions can also be captured directly with the Actual Position Capture function
(see page 4-19).
11-6 TNC 360

12.1 General User Parameters

General user parameters are machine parameters which affect the
behavior of the TNC. These parameters set such things as:
• Dialog language
• Interface behavior
• Traversing speeds
• Machining sequence
• Effect of the overrides
Selecting the general user parameters

General user parameters are selected with code number 123 in the MOD
functions.
The MOD functions also include machine-specific user parameters.
Parameters for external data transfer

These parameters define control characters for blockwise transfer.
Input values: Number between 0 and 32 382
(ASCII character with 16-bit coding)
Note:
The character defined here for end of program is also valid for the setting
of the standard interface.
MP 5010
Function MP Bit
• End of program 5010.0 .................................................................................. 0 to 7

• Beginning of program 5010.0 .................................................................................. 8 to 15
• Data input 5010.1 .................................................................................. 0 to 15

• Data output 5010.2 .................................................................................. 0 to 15
• Beginning of command block 5010.3 .................................................................................. 0 to 7

• End of command block 5010.3 .................................................................................. 8 to 15
• Positive acknowledgment 5010.4 .................................................................................. 0 to 7

• Negative acknowledgment 5010.4 .................................................................................. 8 to 15
• End of data transfer 5010.5 .................................................................................. 0 to 15
12-2 TNC 360

Integrating the TNC interfaces to external devices:

Data format and transmission stop
Input value: number between 0 and 255
Sum of the individual values from the “value” column.
MP 5020
Function Selections Values
• Number of data bits 7 data bits (ASCII code, 8th bit = parity) .................................... +0
8 data bits (ASCII code, 9th bit = parity) .................................... +1
• Block Check Character (BCC) BCC can be any character ............................................................ +0

BCC control character not allowed ............................................... +2
• Transmission stop with RTS Active ........................................................................................... +4

Inactive ......................................................................................... +0
• Transmission stop with DC3 Active ........................................................................................... +8

Inactive ......................................................................................... +0
• Character parity Even ............................................................................................. +0

Odd ............................................................................................. +16
• Character parity Not desired ................................................................................... +0

Desired ....................................................................................... +32
• Number of stop bits 11/2 stop bits ................................................................................ +0

2 stop bits .............................................................................. +64
1 stop bit .............................................................................. +128
1 stop bit .............................................................................. +192
Example
To adapt the TNC interface to an external non-HEIDENHAIN device, use
the following setting:
8 data bits, BCC any character, transmission stop with DC3, even charac-
ter parity, character parity desired, 2 stop bits.
Input value: 1+0+8+0+32+64 = 105, so enter 105 for MP 5020.
Interface type
MP 5030
Function Selections Value
• Interface type Standard .......................................................................................... 0

Interface for blockwise transfer ...................................................... 1
TNC 360 12-3

Parameters for 3D Touch Probes

Signal transmission type
MP 6010
Function Value
• Cable transmission ........................................................................................................................................... 0
• Infrared transmission ....................................................................................................................................... 1
Traversing behavior of touch probe
Parameter Function Value
MP 6120 Probing feed rate in mm/min ............................................................... 80 to 30 000
MP 6130 Maximum measuring range to first scanning point in mm .................... 0 to 30 000
MP 6140 Safety clearance over probing point

during automatic probing, in mm ........................................................... 0 to 30 000
MP 6150 Rapid traverse for probe cycle in mm/min ........................................... 80 to 30 000
Parameters for TNC Displays and the Editor

Programming station
MP 7210
Function Value
• TNC with machine ........................................................................................................................................... 0
• TNC as programming station with active PLC ................................................................................................. 1
• TNC as programming station with inactive PLC .............................................................................................. 2
12-4 TNC 360

Block number increment with ISO programming

MP 7220
Function Value
• Block number increment ...................................................................................................................... 0 to 255
Dialog language
MP 7230
Function Value
• National dialog language .................................................................................................................................. 0
• Dialog language English (standard) .................................................................................................................. 1
Edit-protect OEM cycles

For protection against editing of programs whose program number is the
same as an OEM cycle number.
MP 7240
Function Value
• Edit-protect OEM cycles .................................................................................................................................. 0
• No edit protection of OEM cycles ................................................................................................................... 1
Defining a tool table (program 0)

Input: numerical value
Parameter Function Value
• MP 7260 Total number of tools in the table ......................................... 0 to 99
• MP 7261 Number of tools with pocket numbers ................................. 0 to 99
• MP 7264 Number of reserved pockets next to special tools ................. 0 to 3
TNC 360 12-5

Settings for MANUAL OPERATION mode

Entry values 0 to 3:
Sum of the individual values from the “value” column.
MP 7270
• Display feed rate in manual mode Display feed rate .......................................................................... +1

Do not display feed rate ............................................................... +0
• Spindle speed S and M functions S and M still active ....................................................................... +0

still active after STOP S and M no longer active .............................................................. +2
Decimal character
MP 7280
Function Value
• Decimal point ................................................................................................................................................... 1
• Decimal comma ............................................................................................................................................... 0
12-6 TNC 360

Display step for coordinate axes

MP 7290
Function Value
• Display step 0.001 mm .................................................................................................................................... 0
• Display step 0.005 mm .................................................................................................................................... 1
Q parameters and status display

MP 7300
• Q parameters and status display Do not erase ................................................................................. +0

Erase with M02, M30 and END PGM .......................................... +1
• Last programmed tool after Do not activate ............................................................................. +0

power interruption Activate ........................................................................................ +4
Graphics display
Entry range: 0 to 3 (sum of the individual values)
MP 7310
• View in 3 planes Projection method 1 .................................................................... +0

according to ISO 6433 Projection method 2 .................................................................... +1
• Rotate coordinate system Rotate ........................................................................................... +2

by 90° in the working plane Do not rotate ................................................................................ +0
Parameters for machining and program run

Effect of cycle 11 SCALING
MP 7410
Function Value
• SCALING effective in 3 axes ............................................................................................................................ 0
• SCALING effective in the working plane ......................................................................................................... 1
MP 7411 Tool compensation data in the TOUCH PROBE block

Function Value
• Overwrite current tool data with the calibrated data of the touch probe ......................................................... 0
• Retain current tool data .................................................................................................................................... 1
TNC 360 12-7

Behavior of machining cycles

This general user parameter affects pocket milling.
Entry value: 0 to 15 (sum of the individual values in the “value” column)
MP 7420
Function Cases Value
• Milling direction for a Clockwise for pockets, counterclockwise for islands .................. +1
channel around the contour Counterclockwise for pockets, clockwise for islands .................. +0
• Sequence of roughing out and First mill contour channel, then rough out .................................... +0
channel milling First rough out, then mill contour channel .................................... +2
• Merge contours Merge compensated contours ..................................................... +0

Merge uncompensated contours ................................................. +4
• Milling in depth At each pecking depth, mill channel and rough out
before going to next depth ........................................................... +8
Mill contour channel to full pocket depth, then
rough out to full pocket depth ...................................................... +0
Overlapping with pocket milling

Overlap factor with pocket milling:
product of MP7430 and the tool radius
MP 7430
Function Value
• Overlap factor for pockets ............................................................................................................. 0.1 to 1.414
Effect of M functions
The M functions M6 and M89 are influenced by MP 7440:
Entry range: 0 to 7
(Sum of the individual values in the “value” column)
MP 7440
• Programmable stop with M06 Program stop with M06 ............................................................... +0

No program stop .......................................................................... +1
• Modal cycle call with M89 Modal cycle call with M89 ........................................................... +2
M89 vacant M function ................................................................ +0
• Axes are stopped when M Axis stop with M functions .......................................................... +4

function carried out No axis stop .................................................................................. +0
12-8 TNC 360

Safety limit for machining corners at constant path speed

Corners whose inside angle is less than the entered value are no longer
machined at constant path speed with M90.
MP 7460
Function Value
• Maintain constant path speed at inside corners for angles of (degrees) ...................................... 0 to 179.999
Coordinate display for rotary axis

MP 7470
Function Value
• Angle display up to ± 359.999° ........................................................................................................................ 0
• Angle display up to ± 30 000° .......................................................................................................................... 1
Parameters for override behavior and electronic handwheel

Override
Entry range: 0 to 7 (sum of the individual values in the “value” column)
MP 7620
• Feed rate override when rapid traverse Override effective ............................................................. +1

key pressed in program run mode Override not effective ....................................................... +0
• Increments for overrides 1% increments ................................................................. +0

2% increments ................................................................. +8
• Feed rate override when rapid traverse key Override effective ............................................................. +4
and machine axis direction button pressed Override not effective ....................................................... +0
TNC 360 12-9

Setting the TNC for handwheel operation

Entry range: 0 to 5
MP 7640
Function Value
• No handwheel .................................................................................................................................................. 0
• HR 330 with additional keys – the keys for traverse direction
and rapid traverse are evaluated by the NC ..................................................................................................... 1
• HR 130 without additional keys ....................................................................................................................... 2

• HR 330 with additional keys – the keys for traverse direction
and rapid traverse are evaluated by the PLC ................................................................................................... 3
• HR 332 with 12 additional keys ....................................................................................................................... 4
• Multi-axis handwheel with additional keys ...................................................................................................... 5
12-10 TNC 360

12.2 Miscellaneous Functions (M Functions)
Miscellaneous functions with predetermined effect
M Function Effective at
start of end of
block block
M00 Stop program run / Spindle stop / Coolant off •
M02 Stop program run / Spindle stop / Coolant off. Clear the status display •
(depending on machine parameter) / Return to block 1
M03 Spindle on clockwise •
M04 Spindle on counterclockwise •
M05 Spindle stop •
M06 Tool change / Stop program run (depending on machine parameter) / Spindle •
stop
M08 Coolant on •
M09 Coolant off •
M13 Spindle on clockwise / Coolant on •
M14 Spindle on counterclockwise / Coolant on •
M30 Same function as M02 •
M89 Vacant miscellaneous function •

or
Cycle call, modally effective (depending on machine parameter) •
M90 Smoothing corners •
M91 Within the positioning block: •

Coordinates are referenced to the machine datum

Coordinates are referenced to a position defined by the
machine tool builder (such as a tool change position)

Coordinates are referenced to the current tool position.
Effective in blocks with R0, R+ R–
M94 Limit display of rotary axis to value under 360° •
M95 Reserved •
M96 Reserved •
M97 Machine small contour steps •
M98 Completely machine open contours •
M99 Blockwise cycle call •
TNC 360 12-11

12.2 Miscellaneous Functions (M Functions)
Vacant miscellaneous functions

Vacant M functions are defined by the machine tool builder.
They are described in the operating manual of your machine tool.
Effect of vacant miscellaneous functions
M Function Effective at M Function Effective at

start of end of start of end of
block block block block
M01 • M50 •
M07 • M51 •
M10 • M52 •
M11 • M53 •
M12 • M54 •
M16 • M55 •
M17 • M56 •
M18 • M57 •
M19 • M58 •
M20 • M59 •
M21 • M60 •
M22 • M61 •
M23 • M62 •
M24 • M63 •
M25 • M64 •
M26 • M65 •
M27 • M66 •
M28 • M67 •
M29 • M68 •
M30 • M69 •
M31 • M70 •
M32 • M71 •
M33 • M72 •
M34 • M73 •
M35 • M74 •
M36 • M75 •
M37 • M76 •
M38 • M77 •
M39 • M78 •
M40 • M79 •
M41 • M80 •
M42 • M81 •
M43 • M82 •
M44 • M83 •
M45 • M84 •
M46 • M85 •
M47 • M86 •
M48 • M87 •
M49 • M88 •
12-12 TNC 360

12.3 Preassigned Q Parameters

The Q parameters Q100 to Q113 are assigned values by the TNC. Such
values include:
• Values from the PLC

• Tool and spindle data
• Data on operating status, etc.
Values from the PLC: Q100 to Q107

The TNC uses the parameters Q100 to Q107 to transfer values from the
PLC to an NC program.
Tool radius: Q108

The radius of the current tool is assigned to Q108.
Tool axis: Q109

The value of parameter Q109 depends on the current tool axis.
.
Tool axis Parameter value

No tool axis defined Q109 = –1
Z axis Q109 = 2
Y axis Q109 = 1
X axis Q109 = 0
Spindle status: Q110

The value of Q110 depends on the M function last programmed for the
spindle.
M function Parameter value

No spindle status defined Q110 = –1
M03: Spindle on clockwise Q110 = 0
M04: Spindle on counterclockwise Q110 = 1
M05 after M03 Q110 = 2
M05 after M04 Q110 = 3
Coolant on/off: Q111
M function Parameter value

M08: Coolant on Q111 = 1
M09: Coolant off Q111 = 0
TNC 360 12-13

12.3 Preassigned Q Parameters
Overlap factor: Q112

The overlap factor for pocket milling (MP 7430) is assigned to Q112.
Unit of measurement: Q113

The value of Q113 specifies whether the highest-level NC program (for
nesting with PGM CALL) is programmed in millimeters or inches.
After NC start, Q113 is set as follows:
Unit of measurement (main program) Parameter value

Millimeters Q113 = 0
Inches Q113 = 1
Current tool length: Q114
The current value of the tool length is assigned to Q114.
Coordinates from probing during program run
Parameters Q115 to Q118 are assigned the coordinates of the spindle

position upon probing during a programmed measurement with the 3D
touch probe.
Coordinate axis Parameter

X axis Q115
Y axis Q116
Z axis Q117
IV axis Q118
Current tool radius compensation
The current tool radius compensation is assigned to parameter Q123 as

follows:
Current tool compensation Parameter value

R0 Q123 = 0
RL Q123 = 1
RR Q123 = 2
R+ Q123 = 3
R– Q123 = 4
12-14 TNC 360

12.4 Diagrams for Machining
Spindle speed S
The spindle speed S can be calculated from the tool radius R and the
cutting speed v as follows:
S = V
2 . R .π
Units:
S in rpm
V in mm/min
R in mm
You can read the spindle speed directly from the diagram.
Example:
Tool radius R = 15 mm
Cutting speed V = 50 000 mm/min
Spindle speed S ≈ 500 rpm
(calculated S = 530 rpm)
Tool radius
R [mm]
Cutting velocity
V [m/min]
TNC 360 12-15

Feed rate F
The feed rate F of the tool is calculated from the number of tool teeth n,
the permissible depth of cut per tooth d, and the spindle speed S:
F= n.d.S
Units:
F in mm/min
d in mm
S in rpm
The feed rate read from the diagram must be multiplied by the number of
tool teeth.
Example:
Depth of cut per tooth d = 0.1 mm
Spindle speed S = 500 rpm
Feed rate from diagram F = 50 mm/min
Number of tool teeth n = 6
Feed rate to enter F = 300 mm/min
The diagram provides approximate values and assumes the following:

Downfeed in the tool axis = 0.5 . R and the tool is cutting through solid metal, or
Lateral metal-to-air ratio = 0.25 . R and downfeed in the tool axis = R
Depth of cut per tooth

d [mm]
Spindle speed
S [rpm]
12-16 TNC 360

Feed rate F for tapping

The feed rate for tapping F is calculated from the thread pitch p and the
spindle speed S:
F = p.S
Units:
F in mm/min
p in mm/1
S in rpm
The feed rate for tapping can be read directly from the diagram below.
Example:
Thread pitch p = 1 mm/rev
Spindle speed S = 100 rpm
Feed rate for tapping F = 100 mm/min
Thread pitch
p [mm/rev]
Spindle speed
S [rpm]
TNC 360 12-17

12.5 Features, Specifications and Accessories
TNC 360
Description
Contouring control for up to 4 axes, with oriented spindle stop.
Components
Logic unit, keyboard, monochrome flat luminescent screen or CRT.
Data interface
RS-232-C / V.24
Simultaneous axis control for contour elements

• Straight lines up to 3 axes
• Circles in 2 axes
• Helices 3 axes
Background programming
For editing one part program while the TNC is running another.
Test run
Internally and with test run graphics.
Program types
• HEIDENHAIN plain Language format and ISO programs
• Tool table
Program memory
• Battery-buffered for up to 32 programs
• Capacity: approximately 4000 program blocks
Tool definitions
• Up to 254 tools in one program or up to 99 tools in the tool table
(program 0).
12-18 TNC 360

Programmable Functions
Contour elements
Straight line, chamfer, circle center, circle radius, tangentially connecting
arc, corner rounding.
Program jumps
Subprogram, program section repetition, main program as subprogram.
Fixed cycles
Peck drilling, tapping (also with synchronized spindle), rectangular and
circular pocket milling, slot milling, milling pockets and islands from a list
of subcontour elements.
Coordinate transformations
Datum shift, mirroring, rotation, scaling factor.
3D Touch Probe System

Probing functions for measuring and datum setting, digitizing 3D surfaces
(optional).
Mathematical functions
Basic operations +, –, x and %, trigonometric functions
sin, cos, tan and arctan.
Square roots ( a ) and root sum of squares ( a2 + b2 ).
Logical comparisons greater than, smaller than, equal to, not equal to.
TNC Specifications
Block execution time 1500 blocks/min (40 ms per block)
Control loop cycle time 6 ms
Data transfer rate Max. 38 400 baud
Ambient temperature 0°C to 45°C (operation)
–30°C to 70°C (storage)
Traverse Max. ± 30 m (1181 inches)
Traversing speed Max. 30 m/min (1181 ipm)
Spindle speed Max. 99 999 rpm
Input resolution As fine as 1 µm (0.0001 in.) or 0.001°
TNC 360 12-19

Accessories
FE 401 Floppy Disk Unit
Description Portable bench-top unit
Applications All TNC contouring controls,

TNC 131, TNC 135
Data interfaces Two RS-232-C interface ports
Data transfer rate • TNC : 2400 to 38400 baud

• PRT : 110 to 9600 baud
Diskette drive s Two drives, one for copying,

capacity 795 kilobytes (approx.
25 000 blocks), up to 256 files
Diskette type 3.5", DS DD, 135 TPI
Triggering 3D Touch Probes
Description Touch probe system with ruby tip

and stylus with rated break point,
standard shank for spindle insertion
Models TS 120: Cable transmission,

integrated interface
TS 511: Infrared transmission,
separate transmitting
and receiving units
Spindle insertion TS 120: manual

TS 511: automatic
Probing reproducibility Better than 1 µm (0.000 04 in.)
Probing speed Max. 3 m/min (118 ipm)
Electronic Handwheels
HR 130 • Integrable unit
HR 330 • Portable version with cable

transmission, equipped with
axis address keys, rapid traverse
key, safety switch, emergency
stop button.
12-20 TNC 360

12.6 TNC Error Messages

The TNC automatically generates error messages when it detects such
things as
• Incorrect data input
• Logical errors in the program
• Contour elements that are impossible to machine
• Incorrect use of the touch probe system
An error message containing a program block number was caused by an
error in that block or in the preceding block. To clear a TNC error message,
first correct the problem and then press the CE key.
Some of the more frequent TNC error messages are explained in the
following list.
TNC error messages during programming
ENTRY VALUE INCORRECT
• Enter a correct LBL number.

• Observe the input limits.
EXT. IN-/OUTPUT NOT READY
The external device is not correctly connected.
FURTHER PROGRAM ENTRY IMPOSSIBLE
Erase some old files to make room for new ones.
LABEL NUMBER ALLOCATED
Label numbers can only be assigned once.
JUMP TO LABEL 0 NOT PERMITTED
Do not program CALL LBL 0.
TNC 360 12-21

TNC error messages during test run and program run
ANGLE REFERENCE MISSING
• Define the arc and its end points unambiguously.

• If you enter polar coordinates, define the polar coordinate angle correct-
ly.
ARITHMETICAL ERROR
You have attempted to calculate with illegal values.

• Define values within the range limits.
• Choose probe positions for the 3D touch probe that are farther separat-
ed.
• Calculations must be mathematically possible.
AXIS DOUBLE PROGRAMMED
Each axis can only have one value for position coordinates.
BLK FORM DEFINITION INCORRECT
• Program the MIN and MAX points according to the instructions.

• Choose a ratio of sides less than 84:1.
• When programming with PGM CALL, copy the BLK FORM into the
main program.
CHAMFER NOT PERMITTED
• A chamfer block must be inserted between two straight line blocks.
CIRCLE END POS. INCORRECT
• Enter complete information for tangential arcs.

• Enter end points that lie on the circular path.
CYCL INCOMPLETE
• Define the cycle with all data in the proper sequence.

• Do not call coordinate transformation cycles.
• Define a cycle before calling it.
• Enter a pecking depth other than 0.
EXCESSIVE SUBPROGRAMMING
• Conclude subprograms with LBL0.

• Program CALL LBL for subprograms without REP.
• Program CALL LBL for program section repeats to include the repeti-
tions (REP).
• Subprograms cannot call themselves.
• Subprograms cannot be nested in more than 8 levels.
• Main programs cannot be nested as subprograms in more than 4
levels.
FEED RATE IS MISSING
• Enter the feed rate for the positioning block.

• Enter FMAX in each block.
12-22 TNC 360

GROSS POSITIONING ERROR
The TNC monitors positions and movements. If the actual position

deviates too greatly from the nominal position, this blinking error message
is displayed. To correct the error, press and hold the END key for several
seconds (warm start).
KEY NON-FUNCTIONAL
This message always appears when you press a key that is not needed for
the current dialog.
LABEL NUMBER NOT ALLOCATED
You can only call labels numbers that have been assigned.
PATH OFFSET WRONGLY ENDED
Do not cancel tool radius compensation in a block with a circular

path.
PATH OFFSET WRONGLY STARTED
• Use the same radius compensation before and after a RND and CHF
block.
• Do not begin tool radius compensation in a block with a circular path.
PGM SECTION CANNOT BE SHOWN
• Enter a smaller tool radius.

• Movements in a rotary axis cannot be graphically simulated.
• Enter a tool axis for simulation that is the same as the axis in the BLK
FORM.
PLANE WRONGLY DEFINED
• Do not change the tool axis while a basic rotation is active.

• Define the main axes for circular arcs correctly.
• Define both main axes for CC.
PROBE SYSTEM NOT READY
• Orient transmitting/receiving window of TS 511 to face receiving unit.

• Check whether the touch probe is ready for operation.
PROGRAM-START UNDEFINED
• Begin the program only with a TOOL DEF block.

• Do not resume an interrupted program at a block with a tangential arc
or pole transfer.
RADIUS COMPENSATION UNDEFINED
Enter radius compensation in the first subprogram to cycle 14:

CONTOUR GEOM.
TNC 360 12-23

ROUNDING OFF NOT DEFINED
Enter tangentially connecting arcs and rounding arcs correctly.
ROUNDING RADIUS TOO LARGE
Rounding arcs must fit between contour elements.
SELECTED BLOCK NOT ADDRESSED
Before a test run or program run you must go to the beginning of the
program by entering GOTO 0.
STYLUS ALREADY IN CONTACT
Before probing, pre-position the stylus so that it is not touching the

workpiece surface.
TOOL RADIUS TOO LARGE
Enter a tool radius that

• lies within the given limits, and
• permits the contour elements to be calculated and machined.
TOUCH POINT INACCESSIBLE
Pre-position the 3D touch probe to a point nearer the surface.
WRONG AXIS PROGRAMMED
• Do not attempt to program locked axes.

• Program a rectangular pocket or slot in the working plane.
• Do not mirror rotary axes.
• Chamfer length must be positive.
WRONG RPM
Program a spindle speed within the permissible range.
WRONG SIGN PROGRAMMED
Enter the correct sign for the cycle parameter.
12-24 TNC 360

TNC error messages with digitizing
AXIS DOUBLE PROGRAMMED
Program two different axes for the coordinates of the starting point
(CONTOUR LINES cycle).
EXCHANGE TOUCH PROBE BATTERY
Exchange the battery in the touch probe head (TS 511). This message is
displayed when the probe reaches the end of a line.
FAULTY RANGE DATA
• Enter MIN coordinates that are smaller than their MAX coordinates.
• Define the RANGE within the limits set by software limit switches.
• Define the RANGE for the MEANDER and CONTOUR LINES cycles.
MIRRORING NOT PERMITTED
Reset all coordinate transformations before digitizing.
PLANE WRONGLY DEFINED
Define the starting position coordinates (CONTOUR LINES cycle) in axes

different from the stylus axis.
PROBE SYSTEM NOT READY
• Orient transmitting/receiving window of TS 511 to face receiving unit.

• Check that the touch probe is ready for operation.
• The touch probe cannot be retracted (collision with workpiece).
RANGE EXCEEDED
Enter a RANGE that includes the entire 3D surface to be scanned.
ROTATION NOT PERMITTED
SCALING FACTOR NOT ALLOWED
START POSITION INCORRECT
Program the starting point coordinates for the CONTOUR LINES cycle so
that they lie within the RANGE.
TNC 360 12-25

STYLUS ALREADY IN CONTACT
Pre-position the touch probe so that the stylus cannot be deflected before
it reaches the RANGE.
TIME LIMIT EXCEEDED
Enter a TIME LIMIT that is appropriate to the 3D surface to be scanned

(CONTOUR LINES cycle).
TOUCH POINT INACCESSIBLE
• The stylus must not be deflected before it reaches the RANGE.

• The stylus must be deflected somewhere within the RANGE.
WRONG AXIS PROGRAMMED
Enter calibrated touch probe axis in the RANGE cycle.
12-26 TNC 360

Miscellaneous Functions (M Functions)
Miscellaneous functions with predetermined effect
M Function Effective at
start of end of
block block
M00 Stop program run / Spindle stop / Coolant off •
M02 Stop program run / Spindle stop / Coolant off. Clear the status display (depend- •
ing on machine parameter) / Return to block 1
M03 Spindle on clockwise •
M04 Spindle on counterclockwise •
M05 Spindle stop •
M06 Tool change / Stop program run (depending on machine parameter) / Spindle •
stop
M08 Coolant on •
M09 Coolant off •
M13 Spindle on clockwise / Coolant on •
M14 Spindle on counterclockwise / Coolant on •
M30 Same function as M02 •
M89 Vacant miscellaneous function •
or
Cycle call, modally effective (depending on machine paraemeter) •
M90 Smoothing corners •

Coordinates are referenced to the machine datum

Coordinates are referenced to a position defined by the
machine tool builder (such as a tool change position)

Coordinates are referenced to the current tool position.
Effective in blocks with R0, R+, R–
M94 Limit display of rotary axis to value under 360° •
M95 Reserved •
M96 Reserved •
M97 Machine small contour steps •
M98 Completely machine open contours •
M99 Blockwise cycle call •

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HEIDENHAIN User's Manual

Controls on the Visual Display Unit Programmable Contours

S % R+R R-L Activate tool radius compensation

POSITIONING WITH MANUAL DATA INPUT

Move cursor (highlight) Actual position capture

Step Task TNC Refer to

2 Set workpiece datum

3 Determine spindle speeds

4 Switch on machine —— 1.3

5 Traverse reference marks or 1.3, 2.1

7 Set the datum /

7a ... with the 3D touch probe or 2.5

7b ... without the 3D touch probe or 2.3

Entering and testing part programs

8 Enter part program

9 Test part program for errors 3.1

10 Test run: Run program

Machining the workpiece

12 Insert tool and

Program step Key Refer to Section

1 Create or select program PGM 4.4

2 Define workpiece blank BLK 4.4

3 Define tools TOOL 4.2

4 Call tool data TOOL 4.2

5 Tool change L e.g. 5.4

6 Move to starting position L 5.2/5.4

7 Move tool to (first) working depth L

8 Move to first contour point L

9 Machining to last contour point 5 to 8

10 Move to end position L

11 Retract tool in spindle axis

TNC programming courses are offered by many machine tool builders as

For the TNC expert, this manual serves as a comprehensive reference

The dialog flow charts consist of sequentially arranged instruction boxes.

Layout of the dialog flowcharts

L DIALOG PROMPT (ON TNC SCREEN)

3 ENT The functions of the keys are explained here.

NEXT DIALOG QUESTION

Function of the key.

Press this key A dashed line means that either

Or press this key

. The trail of dots indicates that:

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 407

1.1 The TNC 360 .............................................................................................. 1-2

1.2 Fundamentals of Numerical Control (NC) .............................................. 1-6

1.3 Switch-On ................................................................................................. 1-14

1.4 Graphics and Status Display ................................................................... 1-15

1.5 Programs ................................................................................................... 1-19

2.1 Moving the Machine Axes ....................................................................... 2-2

2.3 Setting the Datum Without a 3D Touch Probe ...................................... 2-7

2.4 3D Touch Probe Systems ......................................................................... 2-9

2.6 Measuring with the 3D Touch Probe System ........................................ 2-19

3.1 Test Run .................................................................................................... 3-2

3.2 Program Run ............................................................................................. 3-3

3.3 Blockwise Transfer: Executing Long Programs ..................................... 3-6

4.1 Editing part programs .............................................................................. 4-2

4.2 Tools .......................................................................................................... 4-5

4.3 Tool Compensation Values ..................................................................... 4-11

4.4 Program Creation ..................................................................................... 4-15