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    HANDOUT Academic Style

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    Susan Ch
    The document provides guidelines for writing in an academic style with three key points: 1. Use formal grammar with no contractions, complex structures, and show cause and effect through complete sentences. Remain objective without addressing the reader directly. 2. Choose words carefully and write concisely with every word serving a purpose. Avoid repetition, wordiness, and indirect phrasing. 3. Support all statements with evidence from literature and qualify information using words like "likely" and "some." Stay focused on the central theme and make explicit connections between ideas.

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    HANDOUT Academic Style

    Uploaded by

    Susan Ch
    31 views3 pages
    The document provides guidelines for writing in an academic style with three key points: 1. Use formal grammar with no contractions, complex structures, and show cause and effect through complete sentences. Remain objective without addressing the reader directly. 2. Choose words carefully and write concisely with every word serving a purpose. Avoid repetition, wordiness, and indirect phrasing. 3. Support all statements with evidence from literature and qualify information using words like "likely" and "some." Stay focused on the central theme and make explicit connections between ideas.

    Original Description:

    A list of tips about how to write academic papers in English

    Original Title

    HANDOUT Academic style

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    The document provides guidelines for writing in an academic style with three key points: 1. Use formal grammar with no contractions, complex structures, and show cause and effect through complete sentences. Remain objective without addressing the reader directly. 2. Choose words carefully and write concisely with every word serving a purpose. Avoid repetition, wordiness, and indirect phrasing. 3. Support all statements with evidence from literature and qualify information using words like "likely" and "some." Stay focused on the central theme and make explicit connections between ideas.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    31 views3 pages

    HANDOUT Academic Style

    Uploaded by

    Susan Ch
    The document provides guidelines for writing in an academic style with three key points: 1. Use formal grammar with no contractions, complex structures, and show cause and effect through complete sentences. Remain objective without addressing the reader directly. 2. Choose words carefully and write concisely with every word serving a purpose. Avoid repetition, wordiness, and indirect phrasing. 3. Support all statements with evidence from literature and qualify information using words like "likely" and "some." Stay focused on the central theme and make explicit connections between ideas.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    ACADEMIC STYLE

    FORMAL GRAMMAR
    No contractions
    Uses complex grammatical structures
    Do not use too many simple sentences
    Show a cause and effect
    The city introduced road fees. Rush hour congestion fell.
    Because the city introduced road fees, the rush hour congestion fell.

    OBJECTIVITY
    Create distance between the text and yourself.
    Amazing – biased
    Wonderful – biased
    Never address the reader: you, we, as we can see here
    “I am sure that you can demonstrate…scary and shocking”
    The reality of global warming can be demonstrated by studying changes in
    Antarctic ice layers.
    Changes in Antarctic ice layers that global warming is a real phenomenon.
    Be careful not to use too many passive structures.
    A review of literature yielded many good articles. Use relevant articles.
    Personal pronouns? - are they allowed in your discipline
    Research articles are okay now and then
    We argue that -> This paper argues that
    We performed -> The next step was performed…
    When you refer to yourself as authors -> is okay
    As we can see…

    FORMAL WORDS
    Nowadays -> today
    Like -> for example
    Looking into -> investigate
    Avoid emotive vocabulary

    CONCISENESS
    Wordy language is difficult to process
    Each word has a function
    Avoid indirect phrasing -> Researchers arrived at the conclusion vs. Researchers
    concluded…
    Remove redundant information
    EELS is a technique that is used by scientists and engineers to perform material
    analysis.
    Avoid repetition -> he was unwanted and unwelcome

    CAUTIOUS
    Hedging (likelihood – likely/unlikely/possible)
    Modals (may, might, can)
    Qualify information – some, on average

    Support statements with evidence -> The data suggests, Brown (2012) states
    that… (hide behind your evidence when you state your claims)

    FOCUSED AND CLEAR


    With explicit connection between ideas
    Revolves around a central theme
    Never lose sight of your purpose
    What to include, how to structure
    Stay on track in order to be seen as relevant
    There must be a connection between ideas, in a paragraph or across several
    paragraphs

    FORMALITY
    Spelling
    Meaning
    Grammar
    Pronunciation
    Register
    Collocations
    Avoid contractions

    Formal negative
    -Negative verb + positive adjective (has not been realistic)
    +Positive verb + negative adjective = Has been unrealistic
    Not many -> few people eat lunch these days
    Not much -> We have little time.
    Not any -> We have no time

    Avoid rhetorical questions


    But a research question is accepted.

    Avoid colloquial language (slang words)


    Really -> extremely
    Nowadays -> currently
    Like -> such as

    Be careful with punctuatin


    Do not use e.g., …, -

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