Feasibility Study: 5.1 Scope of Priority Projects

CHAPTER 5 FEASIBILITY STUDY
5.1 Scope of Priority Projects
5.1.1 Water Supply System

Expansion and rehabilitation of Salaulim Water Supply Scheme were selected as the priority
projects because the scheme has the most serious problem of water shortage from the urgency
point of view. The project scale was set based on a careful examination of water demand,
supply capacity, raw water availability and the PWD’s financial capabilities. The priority
projects have been selected from the components of Stage 1 of the Salaulim Scheme. The
priority projects are described below:
• Expansion of the Salaulim Treatment Plant by 100,000 m3/day, resulting in a total
capacity of 260,000 m3/day.
• Rehabilitation and Improvement of the Existing Salaulim Treatment Plant, which has a
production capacity of 160,000 m3/day.
• Construction of a 20,000 m3 Master Balancing Reservoir (MBR) at Sirvoi rock hill.
• Installation of 73.65 km of Transmission Mains, φ150 to φ1400
• Rehabilitation of 13.8 km of the Existing Transmission Mains, φ1200
• Construction of six Reservoirs
• Construction of five Pumping Stations
• Replacement of 4 units of Pumping Equipment at Verna Pumping Station
• Improvement of Operation and Maintenance such as installation of flow meters, control
valves and float valves and improvement of safety standards of WTPs for 7 WSSs
• Establishment of Central Laboratory
In addition to the facility expansion and rehabilitation, reduction of NRW is also major
objective of the priority projects. To reduce NRW in Goa State, NRW Reduction Roll-out Plan
is recommended. The NRW reduction plan includes rehabilitation of distribution facilities,
improvement of quantity measurement system at treatment plants and transmission system, and
replacement of defective water meters on house connections. Furthermore, in addition to the
facility improvements, organizational improvements such as establishment of NRW Reduction
Unit, capacity building for implementation of the NRW reduction plan are proposed in the
feasibility study as part of the priority projects.
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5.1.2 Sewerage System
On the selection of priority projects, sewerage is advantageous comparing to onsite or
decentralized system because sewerage shall be constructed in urban areas with large population
and benefits spreads widely. Each sewerage project was evaluated from the aspects of number
of beneficiary, cost effects, positive impacts and urgency.
Regarding the present situation of the sewerage services in the Study Area, the PWD Goa does
not have sufficient institutional setup to run their services, resulted in low house connection
rates. Under this situation, it is recommended to limit the number of priority project in order to
manage and run sewerage systems at an appropriate level.
Considering above aspects, three (3) projects, namely North Coastal Belt (new), Margao
(expansion) and Mapusa (new) were selected as priority projects. The Summary of the priority
projects are shown Table 51.1.
Table 51.1 Priority Projects for Sewerage Development

North Coastal
Location Unit Margao Mapusa Remarks
Belt
Expansion Area ha 398 221 180
Population in the Expansion Area Person 22,129 36,779 34,942
Trunk Sewer Construction km 6.1 6.0 3.9
Branch Sewer Construction km 47.8 44.2 31.5
Pumping Station Construction Nos. 1 1 0
Treatment Plant Capacity MLD 5.6 (7.5)+6.7 5.4 (Existing)
5.2 Water Supply System
5.2.1 Expansion Work

(1) Expansion of Salaulim WTP: 100,000 m3/day
It is proposed to increase the treatment capacity of Salaulim WTP by 100,000 m³/day, to cope
with future demands in 2018. Therefore, the total capacity will become 260,000 m³/day. The
proposed WTP is recommended the rapid sand filtration system as well as the existing process
plus manganese sand filtration process to remove manganese contained in raw water. The
proposed treatment process is shown in Figure 52.1.
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Alum, Lime,
Chlorine
Salaulim
Raw Water Receiving Biological Rapid
Dam
Intake Well Contact Filter Mixer
Reservoir
Transmission
by pumping
Flocculator/ Sand Clear Water to Sirvoi MBR
Clarifier Filter Reservoir
Chlorine
Note: Biological Contact Filter will be installed if it was judged necessary based on results of continuous water
quality monitoring on Ammonia-Nitrogen.
Figure 52.1 Treatment Process of the Proposed Salaulim WTP
(2) Installation of Transmission Mains: 73.65 km

To transmit the treated water from the proposed Salaulim Plant to the existing and proposed
reservoirs, via the Sirvoi Master Balancing Reservoir, transmission mains of 73.65 km in total
length with diameters of φ150 to φ1400 need to be installed.
(3) Proposed Reservoirs

1) Master Balancing Reservoir at Sirvoi: 20,000 m³
Since the proposed treatment plant is located at lower level of the existing plant, a pumping is
required to transmit the treated water to a high altitude reservoir which is a master balancing
reservoir and then from the master balancing reservoir the water will be transmitted and
distributed to respective distribution reservoirs or service areas under gravity flow.
Construction of a master balancing reservoir (MBR) of 20,000 m³ at Sirvoi Rock Hill is
proposed.
2) Other Reservoirs: 6 reservoirs

It is proposed to construct the six reservoirs (excluding the Sirvoi MBR) to supply the treated
water to the expanded service area.
(4) Pumping Stations: 5 stations

The constructions of five pumping stations are proposed as the priority projects in order to
pump transmitted water into the proposed reservoirs for supplying water to the expanded service
area.
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5.2.2 Rehabilitation Work
(1) Rehabilitation of Salaulim WTP: 160,000 m³/day
The Salaulim WTP was constructed in 1989 with a production capacity of 160,000 m³/day and
is the sole WTP of Salaulim WSS. Therefore deterioration of facilities and equipment have
become a significant problem for stable operation of the plant and water supply to the service
area. The equipment and facilities in the Salaulim WTP are used for almost 20 years.
According to the site investigations during the study period, the equipment and facilities in the
WTP have not been maintained proactively and operated based on written operation and
maintenance manual. Therefore, the equipment and facilities have been deteriorated, some
equipment are not able to operate properly, and many leaks have been found at piping systems.
In order to secure water supply to the existing service area from the Salaulim WTP, it has been
judged that the rehabilitation works for the Salaulim WTP is indispensable and selected as a
priority project.
(2) Transmission Main from Margao to Verna: 13.8 km of φ1200

Rehabilitation of the existing transmission mains from the existing Salaulim WTP to Verna
Pumping Station which is prestressed concrete (PSC) pipe has been identified as a high priority
for securing the sustainable and continuous supply of treated water from both the existing and
proposed treatment plants, since pipe break accidents have occurred frequently because of
deteriorated quality of the pipes.
The PWD is, therefore, replacing the PSC pipes of a diameter of 1,400 mm, which are laid from
the Salaulim WTP to Margao with mild steel (MS) pipes. The PWD has replaced about 10 km
PSC pipes with MS pipes as of July 2006. The replacement of the remaining 11.3 km PSC
pipes are under implementation and will complete within the year 2007 according to the PWD’s
information. Therefore, the priority projects include the replacement of the remaining
transmission lines of PSC pipes which is about 13.8 km of 1,200 mm from Margao to Verna
Pumping Station.
(3) Replacement of Pumping Equipment at Verna Pumping Station: 4 units

The existing Verna Pumping Station has six pumps which are used to pump water to the Verna
Master Balancing Reservoir. The proposal includes replacing four units of the existing
pumping equipment (pumps and motors). This is required because water demand is expected
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to increase in the Mormugao Taluka (especially domestic demand in the Vasco da Gama
Municipality and the industrial demand in the Verna Industrial Area); and because the design
life of the existing pumping equipment has been exceeded. The specifications of the new
pumps are 28.16 m³/min × H69m × 456kW × 4 units (pumps and motors). Remaining other 2
units are proposed to be replaced at the Stage II.
5.2.3 Improvement of Operation and Maintenance

(1) Installations of Flow Meters at Reservoirs and WTPs: 371 meters
The study proposes to install the flow meters at all existing reservoirs for all the 7 WSSs in
order to understand the flow rate into the distribution system belonged to the respective
reservoirs as well as float valves to avoid unnecessary overflow from the reservoirs. Also the
installations of flow meters at all WTPs are included in the priority projects to control and
understand the flow discharged from the WTPs.
(2) Installations of Flow Meters and Flow Control Valves at Transmission Mains:
30 locations
As the priority projects, the flow meters are proposed to be installed at major points of the
existing and proposed transmission mains for all the 7 WSSs in order to understand the flow rate
through the transmission mains. In addition, the control valves are recommended to be
provided upstream or downstream of proposed flow meters for controlling the transmission flow
appropriately.
(3) Improvement of Safety Standards at WTPs

The existing WTPs are operating and maintaining under the poor safety standards. The
priority projects include the following safety improvement works for the operation and
maintenance of all WTPs.
• Improvement of chlorine facilities such as isolation and ventilation of chlorine room,
replacement of piping from chlorine gas cylinder to chlorinator with copper pipes,
installation of gas detector, etc.
• Improvement of other plant safety such as railing of open channels, guarding of moving
equipment/shaft, etc.
(4) Establishment of Central Laboratory

At present the PWD can not measure all the water quality parameters complied with the
recommended guidelines in India, “Manual on Water Supply and Treatment, CPHEEO, May
1999” for water supply and “Ambient Standards for Ambient Air, Automobiles, Fuels, Industries
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and Noise, Central Pollution Control Board, July 2000“ for sanitation. The priority projects
include the establishment of the central laboratory with adequate testing equipment which can
measure all the required parameters.
5.2.4 Summary of the Priority Projects
In conclusion Table 52.1 shows a summary of the priority projects and Figure 52.2 also shows a
outline of the priority projects for the Salaulim WSS excluding the work components 3 in Table
52.1, “Improvement of Operation and Maintenance”.
Table 52.1 Summary of the Priority Projects
Work Component Description
1. Expansion Works (for Salaulim WSS)

Salaulim WTP 100 MLD
Transmission Mains 73.65 km, 150 – 1,400 mm
Reservoirs Sirvoi MBR, 20,000 m3
6 reservoirs, 100 – 800 m3
Pumping Stations 5 stations
2. Rehabilitation Works (for Salaulim WSS)
Salaulim WTP 160 MLD
Transmission Mains, Margao to Verna, 13.8 km, 1,200 mm
Pumping Equipment 4 units of Pumping Equipment at Verna Pumping Station
3. Improvement of Operation and Maintenance (for all 7 WSSs)
Installation of Flow Meters 23 nos at WTPs
348 nos at reservoirs with float valve
30 nos at transmission mains with flow control valve
Safety Standards for WTPs Chlorination Facility and others

Central Laboratory established at Tonca, Panaji
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N
W E
φ150DI, 0.5km S
φ900DI, 0.85km
φ300DI, 0.5km
Verna P/S
28.16m3/min x 69m
x 456kW x 4 units
φ1200MS, 13.8km
Goddemol, 800m3
1.29m3/min x H95m
x 29kW x 3 units,
300m3 sump P φ250DI, 5.2km Maulinguem, 300m3
φ200DI, 2.1km
P 0.32m3/min x H58m
x 4.3kW x 3 units,
φ300DI, 2.4km 300m3 sump
φ400DI, 3.9km
Legend φ200DI, 3.6km
Existing Treatment Plant to be rehabilitated

φ1400MS, 19.2km Quepem, 800m3
Proposed Treatment Plant φ450DI, 2.7km φ250DI, 3.6km φ150DI, 9.6km
Sirvoi, 20,000m3
Existing Transmission Mains φ200DI, 1.4km
Existing Transmission Mains to be rehabilitated φ1400MS, 7.5km 0.20m3/min x H55m

x 2.6kW x 3 units,
Proposed Transmission Mains P
100m3 sump
φ400DI, 0.8km Details of Transmission Mains 0.14m3/min x H48m Salaulim WTP P
x 1.5kW x 3 units, Existing: 160,000 m3/day
φ150DI, 3.4km
Existing Reservoirs 100m3 sump Expansion: 100,000 m3/day
Bati, 200m3
Proposed Reservoirs
Cupwada, 100m3
Padi, 300m3 Details of Reservoir, Location & Volume
P Existing Pumping Stations to be rehabilitated P

3
P Proposed Pumping Stations 0.48m /min x H83m
x 9.3kW x 3 units, φ200DI, 7.2km
14.3kW x 3 units, 100m3 sump
Details of Pumping Stations
100m3 sump
Boundary of Taluka
Not to scale
Padi, 300m3
Figure 52.2 Outline of the Priority Projects of the Salaulim WSS
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5.3 NRW Reduction Roll-out Plan
The ‘NRW reduction roll-out plan’ has been formulated based on the experiences gained from the
‘NRW reduction pilot project’ conducted by the joint PWD/JICA Study Team during April/May
2006 and the review of current PWD NRW performance and practices during the first and second
phases of the study. During the pilot project, not only leakages but also illegal or unregistered
connections were found. The premise on which the plan is based is as follows:
• NRW is at an unacceptable level and will need to be reduced by adopting a more proactive
approach to NRW reduction
• The NRW reduction pilot project was a success in demonstrating the benefits to be gained
in reducing NRW by taking and ‘active’ approach and PWD are keen to build on the
transfer of knowledge and technology gained during the project
• PWD would benefit from gaining additional assistance in developing and delivering the
roll-out plan to ensure it’s success and to maximise benefits and sustainability
• A number of actions, resources and investments are required to bring NRW under control
and to sustain it at economic levels. This may include the need to let external contracts as
well as to enhance in-house efforts
• NRW reduction activities will need to become ‘a way of life’ as opposed to a series of
adhoc or one-off exercises
5.3.1 Actions to be Addressed by the NRW Reduction Roll-out Plan

A successful NRW reduction roll-out plan will need:
Leadership – From the top of the organisation, there must be a “Champion” to ensure that the
whole organisation concentrates upon the basics of increasing income and reducing the physical
leakage
Commitment – Throughout the organisation there must be a determination to follow through

the processes that reduce NRW.
Resources – Significant resources are required to make the step change necessary to reduce
NRW. Once NRW is under control and efficient and effective processes are in place then the
resource can be reduced to a lower level. It must be recognised that NRW control is an ongoing
operation.
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Based on the experience gained from the NRW reduction pilot project, the following actions will
need to be addressed:
• Improve network management practices
• Agree standards for new connections and repairs including standard specifications for
materials, fittings, meters, layout, non-return valves, sealing, testing, calibration etc
• Introduce leakage policy and improved methods
• Replace all defective (leaking) house connections
• Repair all existing visible leaks
• Introduce metering policy and improved practices
• Replace all defective meters
• Conduct enabling works and leakage control measures
• Set up Active Leakage Teams within each Division or Region with appropriate tools to find
and fix leaks. It may also be prudent to establish a ‘centrol coordinating’ role to collate and
share Regional performance across the State
• Institutionalise NRW management measures and tackle ‘apparent’ as well as ‘real’ losses
• Ensure 100% billing and improve revenue collection practices
It should be noted that the premis on which the feasibility study for water supply is based,
emphasises the provision of 24 × 7 supplies in future. This brings with it the challenges of
ensuring that leakage control measures are put in place to keep leakage ‘in-check’, as potentially,
increasing the hours of supply could increase the level of water lost as a result of leaks if the
current ‘passive’ approach to leakage management is not changed.
5.3.2 Strategies for Setting up and Running NRW Reduction Activities

There are a number of options available to PWD in tackling the current levels of NRW and for
putting measures in place to firstly bring it within acceptable limits and then to maintain it at
economic levels.
External Technical Assistance Approach

Even with the enthusiasm generated from the success of the NRW reduction pilot project, it will
be difficult to get the roll-out programme ‘off the ground’ by using entirely PWD staff with out
additional external technical assistance. External technical assistance will provide the expertise
and ‘driving force’ to formulate and initiate roll-out so that PWD can implement the plan
successful following a thorough planning phase. In short, external technical assistance would:
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• Help PWD in planning a successful roll-out program
• Help PWD in developing capacity to implement the programme
• Help start-up of the State wide roll-out programme
• Support PWD during implementation of the programme
• Support PWD in analysing the benefits of the programme
Based on the number and complexity of water supply schemes, it would be preferable to seek
external technical assistance by means of including a part of the priority projects.
5.3.3 Priority of Implementation

Implementation of NRW reduction measures will need to be prioritized regardless of whether the
approach to tackling NRW is conducted in-house or by a combination of the three approaches
described above. PWD will need to consider prioritization based on the following:
Areas wise: Areas suffering severe water shortages/intermittent supplies should be tackled as a
priority as savings in water resulting from NRW reduction measures will make more water
available to existing customers and provide supplies to those that currently do not receive a supply.
This will improve supply coverage, increase revenues and improve service delivery and public
image.
Scheme wise: The water supply schemes that provide the largest volume of water or supply the
largest amount of customers or contributes the largest amount of revenue should be tackled as a
priority as these will return the greatest benefits in the short term. However, it should be noted that
the larger schemes will present the biggest challenges as these are likely to contain longer
transmission/piped distribution lines and more reservoirs. The current lack of reservoir level
control and flow measuring devices will need to be rectified accordingly.
5.4 Sewerage System

On the selection of priority projects, sewerage is advantageous comparing to onsite or
decentralized system because sewerage shall be constructed in urban areas with large population
and benefits spreads widely. Each sewerage project was evaluated from the aspects of number
of beneficiary, cost effects, positive impacts and urgency.
According to the result of comparison study to select the priority projects, three (3) projects,
namely North Coastal Belt (new), Margao (expansion) and Mapusa (new) were selected as
priority projects. The summary of basic values of sewerage system in the Feasibility Study is
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shown in Table 54.1. In addition to the construction of sewerage facilities, sewer cleaning
equipment is also proposed to be procured as part of the priority projects to secure an
appropriate maintenance of sewers.
In North Coastal Belt STP, a part of treated effluent is further treated by sand filters for reuse as
gardening water. The remaining treated effluent is also treated to reduce the suspended solids
because it is discharged near to the world famous beach resorts.
Table 54.1 Summary of Basic Values of Sewerage System in Stage I

Location Unit Margao Mapusa North Coastal Belt
Calangute & Candolim
Stage Stage I M/P Stage I M/P Stage I M/P
Target year 2015 2025 2015 2025 2015 2025
Covered population Person 80,680 118,193 34,260 68,255 19,772 39,358
Sewage flow m³/day 13,678 20,861 5,354 10,782 5,090 11,172
Sewage treatment plant
Capacity (New) m³/day 6,700 13,400 5,400 10,800 5,600 11,200
(Existing) m³/day 7,500 7,500 - - - -
(Total) m³/day 14,200 20,900 5,400 10,800 5,600 11,200
Treatment method Activated sludge method
Conventional OD OD
+ (Sand filtration) + (Sand filtration) + Sand filtration
Location Margao Mapusa Calangute
Discharge river Sal River Tributary of Mandovi R. Baga River
Sewage quality In Out In Out In Out
BOD mg/ℓ 300 30 300 30 240 10
SS mg/ℓ 250 100/50 250 100/50 200 100/50(10)

Notes: (Sand filtration) Sand filtration is a future plan for Margao and Mapusa
Sewage quality of SS out: Effluent quality standard/ expected effluent quality (with sand filtration)
The general Layout plans of sewerage system and STP of Margao, Mapusa and North Coastal
Belt are presented in Figures 54.1 to 54.6.
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Figure 54.1 General Layout Plan of Margao Sewerage System
Figure 54.2 General Layout Plan of Margao STP
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Figure 54.3 General Layout Plan of Mapusa Sewerage System
Figure 54.4 General Layout Plan of Mapusa STP
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Not to scale
Figure 54.5 General Layout Plan of North Coastal Belt Sewerage System
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Figure 54.6 General Layout Plan of Baga (North Coastal Belt) STP
5.5 Operations & Maintenance Improvement Plan

This O&M improvement plan has been formulated based on the knowledge gained primarily
from discussions with PWD during the three phases of the study and is based on the review of
current PWD O&M performance and practices. The assumptions related to water and
wastewater schemes are as follows:
For water supply schemes, the premise on which this plan is based is as follows:
• The feasibility study for enhancement and augmentation of existing water production
facilities emphasises the use of familiar technologies (in-line with existing installations)
• Improved methods of process control will be employed including the testing and analysis
of process water and final water delivered to the customer’s tap
• Improved network designs will be employed and include devices for the measurement and
control of pressures and flows in order to ‘balance’ the networks and to aid the
management and control of NRW
• Improved operations management practices will be employed including the need to collect
and act on asset and process data
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• Improved maintenance management practices will be employed including the need to
employ a more ‘proactive’ approach to maintenance such as the use of planned
preventative maintenance practices to ensure efficient plant availability and operability
• Improved safety standards will be employed to ensure safe installation, maintenance and
operation of disinfection and chlorine handling facilities
For sanitation schemes, the premise on which this plan is based is as follows:
• The feasibility study for enhancement and augmentation of existing sewage treatment
facilities emphasises the use of familiar technologies (in-line with existing installations) as
well as the ‘oxidation ditch’ method of treatment
• Improved methods of process control will be employed including the testing and analysis
of effluents prior to discharge into public water bodies to ensure compliance with
environmental legislation in force. This includes the safe disposal of screenings, grit and
sludge generated at plants as a result of the sewage treatment process
• Improved operations management practices will be employed including the need to collect
and act on asset and process data
• Improved maintenance management practices will be employed including the need to

employ a more ‘proactive’ approach to maintenance such as the use of planned
preventative maintenance practices to ensure efficient plant availability and operability
• Improved sewerage network designs will be employed to ensure efficient flows to ensure
self cleaning properties to minimise deposits
• Modern techniques and tools will be employed to ensure that the sewerage networks are
regularly cleaned and maintained to prevent sewer blockages and sewage flooding
• Improved safety standards will be employed to ensure safe installation, maintenance and
operation of equipment in potentially explosive atmospheres
5.5.1 Actions to be Addressed by the O&M Improvement Plan

As well as being based on the assumptions mentioned above, the O&M improvement Plan
builds on the suggestions and strategies formulated in the Master Plan. The Plan addresses the
shortfalls identified in the review of current O&M performance and practices and the need for:
• Policy formulation, setting of departmental targets and objectives
• Asset management plans and for asset information to be recorded
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• O&M manuals that clearly states the parameters, procedures, schedules and responsibilities
for effective plant operation
• ‘Planned preventative maintenance’ practices to be adopted
• Installation of devices for measuring inflow and outflow to accurately determine the
volume of water into supply. Additionally, installation of good quality revenue meters to
accurately determine consumption
• H&S policy/manuals and contingency/emergency plans; to raise H&S awareness and to

improve the level of installation, operation and maintenance of chlorine facilities
• Statistical process control techniques and to act on process data to optimise water quality
and wastewater effluent standards
• Providing and acting on meaninful and timely management information
• Improved maintenance and H&S practices at water treatment plants (WTP’s), sewage
treatment plants (STP’s), pumping stations and when working in highways and in sewers
• Improved sewer cleaning, sludge management and trade-effluent compliance
• Improved housekeeping standards and computerisation of O&M administrative activities
• The setting up of ‘pilot offices’ to develop best practice
• Institutionalising the O&M improvement measures within each region by use of best
practices developed within the pilot offices
5.5.2 Strategies for Setting up and Running O&M Improvement Activities

There are a number of options available to PWD in tackling the current levels of O&M
performance related to water treatment facilities, water distribution networks, wastewater
treatment and sewerage networks and for putting measures in place to improve management
capability, plant performance and availability, service standards and service delivery.
Given the number of offices and staff responsible for the operation and maintenance of the
water and sanitation schemes throughout the State, it will be difficult to get the O&M
improvement plan ‘off the ground’ by using entirely PWD staff with out additional external
technical assistance. Implementing improvements requires not only the need to develop
improved methods of working but also ‘change management’ skills to ensure that the
improved methods are successfully adopted and applied in practice. External technical
assistance will provide the expertise and ‘driving force’ to formulate and initiate improvements
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as well as a ‘Change Management Plan’ so that PWD can implement improvements successfully.
In short, external technical assistance would:
• Help PWD in planning a successful O&M Improvement Plan including the need for a
‘Change Management Plan’
• Help PWD in developing capacity to implement the O&M Improvement
• Help start-up of the State wide pilot office improvement teams and priorities tangible and
achievable improvements
• Support PWD during implementation of the programme
• Support PWD in analysing the benefits of the programme
Based on the number of functional skill requirements needed to bring about changes in the
management of O&M activities, it would be preferable to seek external technical assistance by
means of including as part of the priority projects.
5.6 Institutional Development Plan
5.6.1 Capacity Building Agenda

Based on the earlier assessments of strengths and weaknesses of PHE, a detailed Capacity
Building Plan is presented in the following Table 56.1. It has been agreed with PHE that, to
successfully implement the plan, an external technical capacity building support project during
2007-2012.
The technical assistance will include the provision of advisory services to PHE, provision of
software, augmentation of computer hardware. A budget, in the order of about US 6.2 M for
the 6-year period (2007-2012) has been developed. This is about 4% of the proposed capital
investment project.
5.6.2 Restructuring Agenda

Following assessment of internal institutional arrangements, a scheme-based structure is
recommended.
• Service area is defined by the presence of facilities; implies that the service area
responsibility of each water or sewerage system will be expanding in the future.
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• Responsibility for expansion of services to un-served areas will be with the Technical
Services Office – not with the system managers.
• Operation and maintenance of small village services will, for practical reasons, have to be
managed by the “nearest” system manager.
• Revenue and cost performance will be tracked by scheme; and consolidated at the
Department level.
The Study recommended a detailed description of the functions and responsibility of each work
group, including proposed staffing levels up to the year 2012. The staff productivity ratio is
envisaged to be improved from the current 16.1 staff per thousand connections to 14. This
may be achieved by intensified campaign for new connections over the period, from about
194,000 in 2005 to 236,500 in 2012, while retaining, more or less, the current number of staff.
The Study proposes that PHE:
1. Review proposed restructuring of PHE
2. Seek authorization and approval of new organization structure.
3. Implement new PHE structure.
4. Introduce a system and methodology for regular review of organization structure and
staff competency mix in each of the working groups in the future.
5.6.3 Policy Agenda

In addition to the broader legislation suggested in the Master Plan, additional policy decisions
are needed for this institutional development plan to proceed, as follows:
• Authorize reorganization of PHE.
• Authorize use of an independent accounting system which will be implemented parallel
with the existing financial reporting system now implemented by PHE.
• Enable PHE to retain revenues generated, plus a state subsidy indexed on revenue
generated (or other performance targets) to support water and sewerage services.
• Authorize PHE to adopt personnel rules and regulations (including, compensation
enhancement schemes, incentives, sanctions, job classification, training, etc). Guarantee
security of tenure of staff who may be adversely affected by these changes.
• Create mechanisms for regular dialogue with consumers and consumer groups.
• Consider a state policy requiring mandatory connection to the sewerage system within a
fixed time to achieve viability of investments.
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Table 56.1 Synopsis of Capacity Building Plan and Indicative Timetable
Current weakness & oppor- Expected 2012 Outcome 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1 Proposed Capacity Building Activities
tunities to be addressed “PHE is better able to… … through ….: 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
A. Physical (operation and maintenance) System
O&M deficiencies
Not all O&M procedures and Operate and maintain pro- Operation and maintenance A-1 Agree on overall scope, content and structure of the PHE Operation and
standards written, documented perly all water supply pro- standards & guidelines Maintenance Guidelines – from specific intake structures to specific pumping
and readily available for both duction, treatment and dis- (OMG’s). These guidelines stations to specific brands of water meters (in use).
water supply and sewerage. tribution facilities and se- will also be the basic training A-2 Gather and review all existing O&M documents.
Limited operation and main- werage collection, treat- materials for O&M. A-3 Draft/update OMG’s. Compile OMG’s as the PHE O&M Manual
tenance skills and equipment. ment and disposal facili- [Process Owner: Technical A-4 Conduct a detailed technical review of the OMG drafts.
ties. Services Office] A-5 Design & implement a system for regular internal review, upgrading and
formal adoption of the OMG.
Water supply system monitoring
Difficulty in quickly assessing Take operating or design Use of hydraulic modeling A-6 Evaluate, procure and install appropriate hydraulic modeling software. Train
impact of pressure-flow decisions based on rapid software. staff on use of the software in daily operation decisions.
variations in the water system considerations of several
along transmission lines and demand, flow and pressure
network. conditions.
High NRW
NRW is high due to various Reduce NRW resulting in An expanded program for A-7 Implement expanded Non-Revenue Water Reduction Plan and 'active leakage
reasons. more water availability for Control of Non-revenue teams' to reduce NRW to an 'economic' level (based on pilot project)
Pilot exercise has demonstrated use/sale; higher revenues, water A-8 Evaluate viability of outsourcing leakage reduction plans, including meter
benefits of an NRW program; reduced operating ex- [Process Owner: NRW replacement, leakage repair, operation and/or maintenance of assets etc.
staff trained; equipment pense; and possible capital Reduction Team]
available. deferment.
Outsourcing opportunities
Good experience with outsour- Promote and engage more Clearer PHE outsourcing A-9 Assess PHE experience and lessons from current outsourced activities. Identi-
cing of bill preparation function. public-private partnerships policy and procedures. fy and assess other possible areas of current operations which may be out-
in service provision. [Process Owner: Management sourced or provided through service contracts and assess the advantages or
Services Office] benefits of doing so.
A-10 Draft a policy note adopting principles to use in deciding when to outsource;
how to outsource (transparency), including sample agreements.
Project management deficiencies
No experience with major exter- Manage major externally Formal project management A-11 Organize Project Management Unit to supervise and monitor implementation
nally-funded capital investments. financed capital invest- standards and procedures for (procurement, project planning and monitoring, project supervision, reporting,
ment and project manage- externally-financed projects, project accounts, etc.)
ment effectively. particularly project super- A-12 Familiarize with of existing project management policies, systems, procedures
Utilize project funds on vision, accounting and re- and other requirements of external funding agency; comparison and
investments that deliver porting requirements and pro- coordination with local management requirements.
best return for PHE based curement of goods and servi- A-13 Set-up required project management support systems.
on master plans and asset ces by international competi-
planning criteria. tive bidding procedures.
[Process Owner: Project
Management Department]
B. Organization Planning
System
Planning Deficiencies
• Goa State’s annual development Prepare, update and moni- Adoption of a PHE business B-1 Review strategic intent, vision and mission statements and share these with the
plans are not translated into a tor annual & 5-year plans model entire workforce.
PHE corporate or business plan. to ensure that the strategic Introduction of formal corpo- B-2 Adopt proposed new business model and corporate planning model.
• Minimal participation of mana- intent and corporate objec- rate planning and annual busi- Facilitate a series of discussion meetings / training with participation up to
gers and supervisors, and possib- tives are supported, as- ness planning process. section heads and supervisors in the process.
ly other stakeholders, in plan- signed, measured , moni- Input and participation from B-3 Pilot/facilitate a corporate (and annual) planning and review exercise,
ning. tored and met by all key more managers and staff in the including budgeting, for the following year
players. process. B-4 Review the pilot experience and institutionalize the process.
[Process Owner: Corporate
Planning Office]
1
As presented in the progress report and interim report.
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C. Customer Service System Process Owner: Marketing and Public Information Office
Low customer service orientation Increased responsiveness Streamlined procedures for C-1 Implement independent survey of public perception about PHE and common
among PHE staff. to customer service convenience of customers (a business transactions with public.
Customer complaints about requests; Customer Focus Program). C-2 Analyze survey results and formulate a customer focus program and
difficulties in dealing with PHE. MIS-based Customer Service community relations program
Management (CSM) module. C-3 Design a customer service management module, including database, service
[Process Owner: Marketing & request tracking system.
Public Information Office] C-4 Verify and input current customer records into the database.
C-5 Install, test the new Customer Service Management module.
C-6 Train customer service staff on the use of the CSM module.
No formal customer service stan- Meet the service expec- Complaints and response C-7 Review meter reading, billing and collection cycle practices; identify measures
dards (example, billing cycles not tations of its customers. time analysis done monthly to improve procedures, such as spot billing, handheld registers, etc
standardized, response time to Formal customer service C-8 Review current practices and develop a clear set of customer service standards
complaints) standards or norms which PHE will commit to provide to each customer.
[Process Owner: Management C-9 Adopt the upgraded customer service standards and revise the Customer
Services Office] Charter (and service contract) to reflect the customer service standards.
Disseminate to the public.
Lack of customer participation. Get timely feedback from Systematic customer feed- C-10 Design and implement a more pro-active customer feedback system (Go out
Lack of customer confidence in customers by implemen- back system. and get feedback; do not just wait for it to come; engage in dialogue with
PHE. ting a systematic customer Public confidence-building customers and customer groups).
focus program and by pro- tools, such as Citizen Advisory C-11 Organize Citizens Advisory Council. Assess and develop other means to
moting more regular Councils, Annual Consumer enable due consideration of consumers’ views in the planning of services.
dialogue with the public. Confidence Report, etc. C-12 Assess, formulate and implement a continuous community relations program
Implementation of public for current and prospective customers. Introduce community relations
awareness, information and activities such as open days, schools liaison, road shows, customer literature,
education program. customer surveys etc.
[Process Owner: Marketing &
Public Information Office]
Low connection rates to sewer Enable customers to con- Loan program which is fun- C-13 Design a system and proposal to offer customers a soft loan to connect to the
systems nect to the sewerage ded, widely-used and opera- water and sewerage system, including toilet improvement. (i.e., formulate
system. tional. documentation and assist PHE in seeking financing of the revolving fund)
[Process Owner: ____ Office]
D. Financial Management and Control System
Difficult to assess financial per- Prepare standard financial Accurate and timely financial D-1 Develop the financial accounting system and procedures for PHE.
formance of PHE as a public uti- accounting reports for wa- and operating reports – D-2 Design and install system, train staff, supervise start-up. Monitor use of new
lity due to absence of ter and sewerage utilities. operating highlights, monthly system.
readily-available data. income statements, balance D-3 Formulate, test and implement benchmarking report format.
Current data and reports more sheets.
suited to an asset creation (or Benchmarking indicators re-
project) organization. ports
[Process Owner: Accounting
Office]
PHE is not able to assess the im- Determine, on an factual Simple simulation models to D-4 Develop a simulation model to examine the impact of adjusting tariff structure
pact of tariff structure adjustments and continuing basis, the forecast revenues. on revenues and consumption patterns of various customer groups.
on the overall revenue. appropriate tariff structure Monitoring access of
(including blocking) with low-income groups to PHE
due consideration for services.
low-income groups. [Process Owner:Accounting
Office]
E. Administrative Support System Process Owner: Asset Management Office
No formal system to guide deci- Implement a systematic Introduction of an asset ma- E-1 Organize the Asset Management Office and adopt a methodology for asset
sion-making on asset acquisition preventive maintenance nagement system, integrated planning that links overall strategic direction with financial planning and
and maintenance matters, i.e., not program with the MIS, which contains project delivery.
based on data about serviceability, Control asset expenditures asset history and analysis of E-2 Design, identify software (part of integrated MIS), install, train and start up the
demand, risk analysis, value (equipment justification, maintenance expenditure, PHE asset Management System
analysis and other ‘life cycle' pa- financing, operation and breakdown frequency, burst E-3 Review existing asset management system; evaluation and valuation of
rameters control) in line with stra- frequency etc. existing assets. Monitor application.
No analysis of maintenance tegic intent, i.e., funds are [Process Owner: Asset E-4 Implement a computerized Asset Register for all above and below ground
expenditures. used on assets that deliver Management Office] assets and determine asset conditions for all assets.
best return based on life E-5 Introduce a preventive maintenance program for all assets using the asset
cycle parameters maintenance management program.
Inventory and spare parts system Efficiently manage level of Effective inventory and spare E-6 Examine the current inventory planning and control policies and practices in
needs to be better planned and supplies and materials parts control and availability PHE.
controlled. inventories through better [Process Owner: Asset E-7 Recommend and implement policy and system management improvements to
inventory controls. Management Office] inventory and property management systems, including Inventory
Management Module.
2
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F. Human Resources Management & Development System [Process Owner: Training & Research Office]
Insufficient job descriptions and Define clearly the job Job descriptions, with clear F-1 Develop, review and update existing job descriptions for all PHE job titles.
qualification standards for all job requirements, standards qualification requirements F-2 Propose practical qualification requirements and productivity standards and
titles and qualification for all indicators for each of the job titles.
job titles
No method for determining staf- Deploy the appropriate Adoption of rational staffing F-3 Conduct simple observation, work load analysis to propose a reasonable initial
fing requirements and skill speci- number of staff and skill and manpower projection criteria or target to apply for staffing projections.
fications mix in each work team. methods F-4 Identify and define practical (more job specific) staffing indicators to be
Project future skill and introduced, for example, no. of treatment operators/process train or no of water
staffing requirements. meter readers/HH/month, etc. in each department.
F-5 Propose a system for regular annual updating of manpower needs based on
type of skills and competency needs (not only number of staff needed).
Inadequate performance evalua- Assess the performance of Objectives-based perfor- F-6 Formulate and get approval for an enhanced performance review and incentive
tion and incentive system. staff and work groups; mance review system and ad- system.
Provide reasonable incen- ditional performance-based F-7 Implement new performance review and incentive program.
tives for outstanding per- incentives.
formance.
Unsafe working conditions, par- Provide staff basic safe Worker safety program F-8 Appoint a “process owner” for health, safety and welfare matters in each
ticularly in the chlorination facili- working conditions Health Safety and Security working subunit. ".
ties, along the major roads and audits F-9 Design and implement a H&S Strategy and site-specific System of Local
streets and in confined-space fa- Organization and Arrangements (LOAD) to handle hazards.
cilities. F-10 Conduct Health Safety and Security audits and ensure that all operational and
commercial sites are upgraded.
Lack of long-term human re- Provide high quality trai- Regular year-round program of F-11 Organize the PHE Training and Research Office to plan and implement an
sources development plan. ning opportunities for all in-company training for all year-round program of staff development activities.
Limited opportunities for staff staff by expansion of staff. (See Training Plan for F-12 Review and adoption of the overall framework for technical and managerial
development and training. in-company training details) training proposed in this Study.
Narrow “competencies”. systems and capacity. Establishment of training and F-13 Adopt a training management system (planning & monitoring, including
Financial analysis skills limited. research office. records keeping)
Establish linkages with other training and development centers in the country
and Asia.
F-14 Develop, implement and evaluate training plan (as proposed in this Study)
F-15 Organize trainer training and materials development.
F-16 Establish a staff library (for information and research) at a central location
with hi-speed Internet access as part of the Training Center for use of all staff.
G. Management information system (MIS) Process Owner: MIS Unit
Data and record keeping not stan- Standardize, share and ex- Use of appropriate Manage- G-1 Design comprehensive integrated MIS Development Plan, with initial focus on
dardized; “individualized” change information across ment Information System the following application modules:
information systems. departments on a regular • Asset Management Module
Minimal sharing (“consolida- and continuing basis for • Financial Management and Control (Accounting) Module.
tion”) of information among sound decision making • Customer Service Module (including customer database, billing &
working units. with improved data collec- collection and complaints monitoring)
Limited familiarity with information, processing, infor- • Inventory Control Module
tion systems and information mation integrity, reporting G-2 Install hardware and software; train managers and staff; start-up system.
technology. and dissemination. G-3 Develop MIS expansion plan for other application areas (such as Project
Use information techno- Management, Human Resources Management, etc)
logy effectively.
3
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Table 56.2 Proposed Organization Structure
Managing Director
Corporate Planning,
Technical Service Office
Accounting, & MIS
Central Procurement Management

Corporate Accounting &
Office Information
Planning Cell Financial Cell
System (MIS) Cell
Water Supply Department Sewerage Department Operations Support Project Management

Department Office
Chandel WSS Assonora WSS Panaji Sewerage System

Marketing & Public Project Implementation
NRW Reduction Team NRW Reduction Team Information Office Unit (Stage I)
Water Water Customer Accounting Water Water Customer Accounting Sewage Sewage Customer Accounting
Treatment/ Distribution Service /Admini- Treatment/ Distribution Service /Admini- Collection Treatment Service /Admini-
Transmissi Team Team stration Transmissi Team Team stration Team Team Team stration
on Team Team on Team Team Team
Training & Research
Project Team 2
Office
Vasco Sewerage System
Sanquelim WSS Dabose WSS
NRW Reduction Team NRW Reduction Team

Sewage Sewage Customer Accounting Central Water Quality
Collection Treatment Service /Admini-
Water Water Customer Accounting Water Water Customer Accounting stration Laboratory
Treatment/ /Admini- Treatment/ /Admini- Team Team Team Team
Transmissi Distribution Service stration Transmissi Distribution Service stration
on Team Team Team Team on Team Team Team Team
Margao Sewerage System

Management Services
Opa WSS Salaulim WSS
Office
NRW Reduction Team NRW Reduction Team
Sewage Sewage Customer Accounting
Water Water Customer Accounting Water Water Customer Accounting stration
Treatment/ /Admini- Treatment/ /Admini- Team Team Team Team Asset Management Office
Transmissi Distribution Service stration Transmissi Distribution Service stration
on Team Team Team Team on Team Team Team Team
Mapusa Sewerage System

Canacona WSS
NRW Reduction Team

Water Water Customer Accounting stration
Treatment/ /Admini- Team Team Team Team
Transmissi Distribution Service stration
on Team Team Team Team
North Coastal
Sewerage System

Team Team Team stration
Team
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5.7 Cost Estimate and Implementation Schedule
5.7.1 Introduction
The construction period of the priority projects is expected to be three years. Structural
component of water and sewage treatment plants will be constructed in the first two years, while
the M&E works and the test operation will be carried out in the last year. Rehabilitation of the
existing water treatment plant will be carried out in parallel to the expansion works.
About other transmission mains, trunk sewers, branch sewers, reservoirs and pumping stations,
there are no restrictions, so the works can be carried out at any convenient time within a period
of two and a half years.
5.7.2 Water Supply

A summary of the water supply annual costs is presented in Table 57.1.
Table 57.1 Annual Cost Estimate for Water Supply Components

Amount (Rs. In Million)
Item
Total 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1.Construction Cost 3,519.38 737.91 1,906.20 875.27
1) Expansion Project 2,256.72 451.39 1,280.29 525.04
(1) Water Treatment Plant 738.01 147.61 369.01 221.39
(2) Transmission Main 1,395.20 279.07 837.16 278.97
(3) Reservoir 114.75 22.95 68.85 22.95
(4) Pumping Station 8.76 1.76 5.27 1.73
2) Rehabilitation Works 955.30 191.22 536.91 227.17
(1) Water Treatment Plant 362.80 72.71 181.40 108.69
(2) Transmission Main 537.86 107.58 322.72 107.56
(3) Pumping Station 54.64 10.93 32.79 10.92
3) Water Quality Control 17.50 0.00 17.50 0.000
4) O&M Improvement 289.86 95.30 71.50 123.06
(1) Water Supply System O&M 266.06 71.50 71.50 123.06
(2) NRW Reduction Improvements 23.80 23.80 0.00 0.00
2. Engineering Cost 351.94 70.00 130.00 43.79 70.62 37.53
3. Administration Cost 193.57 3.50 6.50 39.09 98.84 45.64
4. Land Acquisition 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
5. Physical Contingency 387.13 7.00 13.00 78.17 197.68 91.28
6. Price Contingency 1,240.57 5.15 19.78 184.71 645.11 385.82
Total excluding Price Contingency 4,452.02 80.50 149.50 898.96 2,273.34 1,049.72
Total 5,692.59 85.65 169.28 1,083.67 2,918.45 1,435.54
Total In Million US$
125.82 1.89 3.74 23.95 64.51 31.73
(in Million US$1.00=Rs.45.24)
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Notes: 1) Improvement and rehabilitation of distribution system and installation of house connections should be
conducted as routine work of the PWD. Therefore, costs for these portions are not included in table
above. However, these costs are taken into account for following economic/financial analysis.
2) Components of 3) Water Quality Control and 4) O&M Improvement are derived from improvement of
O&M improvement plan, therefore, these components are not listed as priority projects for water supply
as shown on Table 52.1.
5.7.3 Sewerage
A summary of the sewerage annual costs is presented in Table 57.2.
Table 57.2 Annual Cost Estimate for Sanitation Components

Item
Total 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1.Construction Cost 881.20 262.92 314.34 303.94
1) Margao 344.97 98.91 123.03 123.03
(1) Trunk Sewer 108.18 36.06 36.06 36.06
(2) Branch Sewer 132.15 44.05 44.05 44.05
(3) Pump 10.84 0.00 5.42 5.42
(4) Sewage Treatment Plant 93.80 18.80 37.50 37.50
2) Mapusa 234.56 68.12 85.22 81.22
(1) Trunk Sewer 77.73 25.91 25.91 25.91
(2) Branch Sewer 75.33 25.11 25.11 25.11
(3) Pump 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3) North Coastal Belt 286.67 80.89 106.09 99.69
(1) Trunk Sewer 79.23 26.41 26.41 26.41
(2) Branch Sewer 103.44 34.48 34.48 34.48
(3) Pump 10.40 0.00 5.20 5.20
4) O&M Improvement 15.00 15.00 0.000 0.00
2. Engineering Cost 105.74 20.00 40.00 11.55 17.72 16.47
3. Administration Cost 49.34 1.00 2.00 13.72 16.60 16.02
4. Land Acquisition 18.20 9.10 9.10 0.00 0.00 0.00
5. Physical Contingency 100.52 2.91 4.91 27.45 33.21 32.04
6. Price Contingency 318.16 2.11 7.40 64.86 108.36 135.43
Total excluding Price Contingency 1,155.00 33.01 56.01 315.64 381.87 368.47
Total 1,473.16 35.12 63.41 380.50 490.23 503.90
Total In Million US$
32.57 0.78 1.40 8.41 10.84 11.14
(in Million US$1.00=Rs.45.24)
5.7.4 Capacity Building, Institutional/Organizational Improvement

A summary of the capacity building, institutional/organizational improvement annual costs is
presented in Table 57.3.
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Table 57.3 Annual Cost Estimate for Capacity Building, Institutional/
Organizational Improvement
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total
1. Institutional/Organizational Improvement Cost 48.99 49.34 49.58 49.39 44.41 42.47 284.18
2. Engineering Cost 5.01 5.05 5.07 5.06 4.55 4.35 29.09
3. Administration Cost 2.70 2.72 2.73 2.72 2.45 2.34 15.66
4. Physical Contingency 5.40 5.44 5.47 5.45 4.90 4.68 31.34
5. Price Contingency 0.00 4.00 8.31 12.87 15.98 19.79 60.95
Total minus Price Contingency 62.10 62.55 62.85 62.62 56.31 53.84 360.27
Total 62.10 66.55 71.16 75.49 72.29 73.63 421.22
Total (in Million US$1.00=Rs.45.24) 1.37 1.47 1.57 1.67 1.60 1.63 9.31
5.7.5 Implementation Schedule

Construction period for water supply and sewerage systems is scheduled to be for three years
from year 2010 to 2012. A consultancy service for the capacity development is scheduled to
be implemented at the same time.
5.7.6 Schedule of Pre-construction Stage

Before award of contracts for contractors, there are several procedures or stages are required
such as detailed design, pre-qualification of contractors, bidding, and bid evaluation as
pre-construction stage.
Schedule of the pre-construction stage is prepared as shown on figure below to be able to

commence the constructions or services for capacity development from the year 2010. As
shown on this schedule, it is recommended to complete budgetary arrangements by the end of
fiscal year 2007.
FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
MAM J J A S O N D J F MAM J J A S O N D J F MAM J J
Loan Agreement
Selection of Consultants
Contract of D/D, SV Service
Detailed Design
Issuance of Pre-Qualification Doc.
Submission of Pre-Qualification Doc.
Pre-Qualification Evaluation
Tender Announcement
Issuance of Tender Doc.
Tender Opening
Tender Clarification/Evaluation
Approval of Successful Tederer
Award of Contract
Figure 57.1 Schedule of Pre-construction Stage
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5.8 Economic and Financial Analysis
Economic and financial analyses were conducted applying same method as master plan.
(1) Priority Projects for Water Supply

The EIRR of the proposed priority projects was estimated at 16.3%, which exceeds the
opportunity cost of capital at 12%. This indicates that the projects are economically viable.
The NPV, and B/C ratio was Rs.1,064 million and 1.35, respectively.
The results of sensitivity analysis indicated that the priority projects for water supply are still
economically viable with more than 12% EIRR, even under the fluctuations of costs and
benefits within the range of plus minus 10%, as shown in the Figure 58.1.
20.00%
19.00%
18.00%
Cost -10%
17.00% Cost -5%
EIRR
Cost 0%
16.00% Cost +5%
Cost +10%
15.00%
14.00%
13.00%
-10% -5% 0% +5% +10%
Benefit
Figure 58.1 Sensitivity Analysis of EIRR of Priority Projects for Water Supply
Feasibility of the priority projects for water supply was analyzed, assuming the following tariff
increases applied each year until the year 2025. The FIRRs were as follows:
Table 58.1 FIRR estimation for each case of tariff increase

Case Tariff increase per annum FIRR
Case 1 Domestic 0% Non-domestic 0% N.A.
Case 2 Domestic 3.00% Non-domestic 1.50% 4.50％
Case 3 Domestic 3.50% Non-domestic 2.00% 5.20%
Case 4 Domestic 4.00% Non-domestic 2.50% 5.88%
Note: *1; Rate of tariff increase excludes the inflation adjustment.
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Water tariff in the year 2025 by applying annual 3.50% increase is estimated at 2.04% of the
average household income, assuming continuous economic growth of Goa State. The
percentage is under the household’s willingness to pay (2.48%) and is below the household’s
affordability to pay (3.5%). The project is deemed to financially feasible when the annual
tariff increase of 3.5% and 2.0% is implemented for domestic and non-domestic sectors
respectively, since the FIRR exceeds the discount rate at 5.15%.
Sensitivity analysis was conducted for the Case 3 of Table 58.1. Shaded areas in Table 58.2
are the combinations of cost and benefit changes that make the priority projects not to be
financially feasible. Basically, when the cost increases, benefit must be raised at the same
percentage of cost increase in order to be the projects feasible. On the other hands, by
reducing the total costs of projects including O&M costs, PHE is able to restrain the increase of
the benefit, in other words, necessary tariff revenues.
Table 58.2 Sensitivity Analysis of FIRR of Priority Projects for Water Supply
Benefit
%
-10% -5% 0% 5% 10%
-10% 5.20% 5.71% 6.20% 6.66% 7.12%
-5% 4.69% 5.20% 5.68% 6.14% 6.59%
Cost 0% 4.21% 4.71% 5.20% 5.66% 6.10%
5% 3.76% 4.26% 4.74% 5.20% 5.64%
10% 3.33% 3.83% 4.30% 4.76% 5.20%
(2) Priority Projects for Sewerage

The economic evaluation indicated that EIRR was 12.7%. NPV, and B/C ratio was Rs.47
million and 1.06, respectively. The project is economically viable because the EIRR exceeds
the opportunity cost of capital at 12%.
Sensitivity analysis was conducted for EIRR of sewerage priority projects. Shaded areas in
Table 58.3 are the sets of cost and benefit changes that make the priority projects not to be
economically viable. It must be careful that the projects may not become economically viable
if the project costs increase more than 10% without benefits increase.
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Table 58.3 Sensitivity Analysis of EIRR of Priority Projects for Sewerage
Benefit
%
-10% -5% 0% 5% 10%
-10% 12.74% 13.40% 14.05% 14.68% 15.29%
-5% 12.09% 12.74% 13.37% 13.98% 14.58%
Cost 0% 11.48% 12.12% 12.74% 13.34% 13.92%
5% 10.92% 11.55% 12.15% 12.74% 13.31%
10% 10.39% 11.01% 11.60% 12.18% 12.74%
The FIRR was not available for the proposed sewerage priority projects. The benefit cost ratio
(B/C) was found to be only 0.13, which indicates the present value of benefits is only 13% of
the present value of costs. NPV was minus Rs.1,075 million. Sensitivity analysis indicated
that sewerage priority projects are financially not feasible even under the any combination of
costs and benefits changes within the range of plus minus 10%.
Generally, it is not easy to recover the full costs of sewerage project including capital
expenditure, since sewerage charge is usually not high enough to recover the full cost. On the
other hands, benefits of sewerage are not limited to the users but also to the others. Therefore,
it is recommended for sanitation services to aim the cost recovery for operation and
maintenance in the long run and provision of public fund as subsidy.
Financial plan was compiled regarding sanitation service of PHE covering all the existing and
expansion facilities with sanitation master plan. Annual tariff raise until 2025 was calculated
at 7.5% for domestic and 6.0% for non-domestic at constant price to secure the cost recovery of
the operation and maintenance costs excluding depreciation costs and interest expenses.
Sewerage charge in 2025 raised at 7.5% per annum at constant price will be less than the ceiling
of ATP and WTP for sanitation under the assumption of 3% annual growth of average household
income at constant price.
Above tariff raise may cause the strong resistance from customers and PHE may not able to
conduct the tariff raise enough to recover the O&M costs. For such a case, the required
amounts of subsidy are predicted as follows for sewerage enterprise to keep providing the
service for several cases of sewerage tariff raise, which are less than the proposed rate of tariff
raise.
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Table 58.4 Annual Necessary Subsidy and Accumulated Subsidy for Each Tariff Raise
(Unit: Rs. in million)
Necessary subsidy/year (constant price) Accumulated
Tariff raise subsidy by
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2042
Domestic:0%, Non-domestic:0% 181 238 380 356 344 348 10,787
Domestic:7.5%, Non-domestic:6% 179 223 324 211 168 173 7,101
Notes: *1; Excluding inflation adjustment. The table shows the extracts of subsidy for every five years, but actually
subsidy inputs is required every year until the year 2042.
Regarding the sewerage enterprise, it is recommended that 7.5% annual tariff raise for domestic
and 6.0% annual tariff raise for non-domestic at constant prices, since it is advisable to recover
the major O&M costs for sewerage. Nevertheless, in case that the less tariff raise is conducted
actually, it is impossible for the enterprise to keep providing the project benefits continuously
without the inputs of above mentioned subsidy to the sewerage enterprise.
5.9 Social Consideration and Environmental Impact Assessment

(1) Public Consultation
It is important to consult with the stakeholders to generate support for the priority projects.
The main component of the third stage of public consultation was a 3rd stakeholder meeting.
The 3rd stakeholder meeting was held by the PWD in cooperation with the JICA Study Team on
18 July 2006. Results from the Rapid-EIA study were presented to the stakeholders at this
meeting. These results could include the impact of the priority projects, analysis of alternative
project options, recommended mitigation measures, and environmental monitoring programs.
The need for the PWD to provide better daily customer services was highlighted in the
discussion as well as second stakeholder meeting.
(2) Implementation of Rapid-EIA

In practice, any water supply and sewerage projects are not included targeted sectors for EIA
requirement in National level. However, environmental clearance is necessary in relation to
any development projects within Goa State. However, the proponent needs to prepare the
“Rapid-EIA” to gain official approval from the Goa State Pollution Control Board and DST&E
and to satisfy requirement of international donor agencies. Accordingly, the Rapid-EIA report
must submit to the Impact Assessment Wing as soon as practicable to obtain the permission of
environmental and social consideration clearance. The Study Team assisted the PWD to
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conduct the Rapid-EIA for the selected priority projects. The Rapid -EIA report wasprepared
in accordance with JICA’s Environmental and Social Consideration Guidelines.
(3) Results of Rapid-EIA and Recommended Mitigation Measures

The Rapid-EIA study was undertaken to identify any potential negative or positive impacts on
the social and natural environment, resulting from the Feasibility Study for the priority projects.
A full evaluation of potential significant anticipated impacts both environmental and social
aspects, and the recommendation of mitigation measures are provided in the Rapid-EIA report
(see Volume V Appendix Feasibility Study). It is recommended that a Rapid-EIA report that
prepared by the project proponent (PWD) must submit to the DST&E without delay.
Several mitigation measures for avoiding anticipated negative impacts were also considered in
the Rapid-EIA report. Before implementation of the priority projects, PWD must formulate
the Environmental Management Plan in detail to present both domestic and international
agencies as part of an environmental clearance procedure. It is also essential to involve the
staff who will be responsible for the execution of the Environmental Management Plan as well
as to train the staff in practising the mitigation actions.
5.10 Emergency Measures To be Taken by the PWD/PHE
5.10.1 Water Supply System

Preparation of Asset Drawings
The PHE is recommended to prepare the drawings of its assets and maps with adequate scales,
and keep those not only at the headquarters, division offices and sub-division offices but also at
the site of each facility.
Collection of Operation and Maintenance Data

The PHE is recommended to collect and maintain operation and maintenance data and records,
and keep those not only at the headquarters, division offices and sub-division offices but also at
the site of each facility.
Cleaning up the Facilities
The PHE is recommended to clean up at all facilities and to keep clean not only for appearance
and keeping chemicals of good condition and quality but also for as safety measures.
Repair of Visible Leaks

There are many visible leaks at the WTPs and at the air and scour valves located along the
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transmission and distribution mains. It is recommended to repair all visible leaks as soon as
possible.
Implementation of On-going Projects without Delay

The PHE is implementing the projects such as Dobose, Canacona, Assonora, pipe installation to
Panaji and replacement of existing transmission from Salaulim WTP at present. For
preparation of the master plan and feasibility study, these projects are taken into account. The
PHE is recommended to execute/complete these projects without any delays or suspensions.
Ganjem and Maisal Schemes

The PHE has plans of implementation of the Ganjem (25 MLD) and Maisal (10 MLD) Schemes
for securing the water supply to Panjim as emergency measures. General plans on these
schemes have prepared respectively according to the request and information from the PHE and
the results are attached to Volume IV Appendix for Master Plan. It is, however, recommended
that the PHE should study in detail the necessary capacity of each scheme based on the demand
projection and possibility of supply area from each scheme comparing with costs required.
Development of Distribution Network

It should be noted that since the priority projects cover only transmission pipelines upto the
reservoirs, the PHE should develop distribution network systems from the reservoirs depending
on the expansion of the service area for the Salaulim WSS and install the distribution pipelines
and house connections every year as the routine works.
NRW Reduction Roll-out Plan

PWD will need to consider implementation of the NRW Reduction Roll-out Plan and in doing
so will need to progressively implement the detailed NRW mitigation measures in order to bring
NRW under control now and into the future. The scale of the tasks involved in tackling NRW
reduction should not be underestimated and PWD will therefore need to decide on the best
strategic approach in bringing NRW under control as well as maintaining it within acceptable
and economic levels in future bearing in mind the desire to augment schemes and to provide 24
hour supply capability.
5.10.2 Sewerage System

Sanitation Improvement Outside the Sewerage Area
It is recommended that the PWD undertake sanitation improvement for the areas outside of the
sewerage service area. To achieve this, the PWD should provide technical and financial
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assistance to residents for the construction and maintenance of on-site and decentralized
treatment facilities. It is also recommended that the PWD improve its public relations
regarding sanitation.
Sewer Cleaning
The blockage of sewers causes serious problems for sewerage systems. Blockages not only
generate odor, but can also cause sewage overflow into gutters and contamination of
groundwater. Periodic sewer cleaning is necessary to prevent blockages and to prevent a
decline in the sewer capacity (caused by the accumulation of sand, soil and other materials). It
is therefore recommended to undertake a survey of sewer conditions, to prepare a cleaning
schedule, to procure cleaning equipment, to secure appropriate personnel, and to prepare a
budget.
Ambient Water Quality Monitoring

Water quality data analyzed by PWD or agencies concerned are not adequately accumulated and
it is difficult to utilize these data for evaluation of environmental conditions. The PWD is
recommended to monitor surface and groundwater quality, in order to assess and improve water
quality. An effective monitoring system should involve relevant organizations and agencies,
such as the pollution control board, the health department, and the water resource department
and Central Laboratory which will be established under the priority project. It is
recommended that water quality monitoring data be shared between the related organizations
and agencies.
5.10.3 Capacity Building

Physical System
PHE can immediately take the following steps prior to the implementation of the capacity
building plan with respect to the management of the physical water and sewerage systems.
• Prepare an initial list of areas where operation and maintenance guidelines should be
developed. There are areas suggested in the O&M assessments.
• Draft a standard format for how each guideline should look like;
• Gather and centralize all existing written equipment manuals and “as-built” drawings;
• Implement the expanded NRW Reduction Program based on the pilot study to other key
areas and,
• Identify and agree on other areas of current operations which could be outsourced for
public private partnerships.
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Organization Planning System
On the organization planning system, much of the improvements will have to be initiated during
the period of external technical assistance itself. Many of the improvements needed are
founded on a new set of corporate values and processes which need to be understood.
Customer Service System

The following steps can be initiated by PHE with respect to the customer service system
improvements.
• Review and update its present “Citizens Charter” with a view towards challenging its
own ability to provide high quality services to the consumers.
• Continue holding regular consultations with the public on current issues, similar to
those Stakeholders Meetings initiated during the Study period.
• Clean up and verify customer database using independent house-to-house surveys in
preparation for the implementation of a computerized system.
• Organize and implement the concept of Citizens Advisory Councils to advise PHE
management on how to proceed.
Administrative System
To facilitate the introduction of an asset management system and an improved inventory control
system, PHE can immediately take up the following tasks.
• Initiate a simple registry of available existing assets, including the current condition of
the asset.
• Prepare a unified process map starting from the requisition, procurement, store-keeping,
issuance and reporting of all supplies and commonly-used spare parts.
Human Resources Management and Development System

In preparation for the human resources management system improvements, PHE should:
• Conduct a detailed review of the existing available job description in the CPWD
Manuals and prepare additional annotations and remarks about other tasks which the
incumbents are currently doing or are responsible for.
• Implement the health and safety improvement recommendations indicated in the O&M
improvement plans.
• Organize, on an interim basis, a training committee to start planning and implementing
basic training programs; identify local resources in the State who may be tapped to
provide the training services. Trainers or speakers may be invited to make
presentations as part of the regular management staff meetings of PHE.
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Management Information System
In the immediate future, PHE should continue to keep abreast of the current initiatives to set up
the MIS of the PWD (which currently focuses on capital investment monitoring for roads
projects). It should take advantage of the training programs currently underway. The
expanded MIS for PHE will seek to be integrated into (and be part of) the broader MIS of PWD.
• Attend the basic MIS training programs currently being organized for PWD staff.
Preparatory Activities for Internal Re-structuring Agenda

PHE management should undertake a detailed review and plan to implement the proposed
restructuring, including the movement of staff and transfer of responsibilities. The initial set of
the activities involve securing the needed approvals for the restructuring.
Preparatory Activities for the Policy and Legislative Agenda

Much of the needed institutional and managerial improvements will need to be initiated by PHE
itself. With respect to the legislative and policy agenda, the Study recommends that PHE an
initial paper be put together for discussion first among the PHE management team and for
consideration of PWD and State officials. As presented in the Study, the key recommendations
involve:
o Authorization of PHE to undertake internal restructuring;
o Authorization of PHE to use of independent financial accounting systems and other
financial management guidelines, such as proper treatment of depreciation and use of
external auditors and other safeguards;
o Enable PHE to retain revenues generated (plus a state subsidy indexed on revenue generated
(or other performance targets) to support water and sewerage services);
o Authorization of PHE to adopt personnel rules and regulations (including, compensation
enhancement schemes, incentives, sanctions, job classification, training, etc) based on ;
o Guarantee security of staff to be affected by the reforms; and
o Create mechanisms for regular dialogue with consumers and consumer groups.
The Water Sector Reform initiatives also suggest consideration of new sector policy legislation.
The recommendations mentioned above are consistent with the intent and spirit of that reform.
It is envisaged that all these policy recommendations will be taken up as a single policy reform
action.
The Strategy will be to coordinate with the legislative agenda of ongoing sector reform
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If the reform recommendations are fully accepted, the Institutional Development Plan will
certainly be more challenging. The scope and scale of the Plan will be tailored to suit the
policy decision made.
5.10.4 Improvement of Financial Management

Planning and design of independent accounting systems
The compilation of independent accounting system tailored for water supply and sanitation
services shall be strongly recommended. The intent is to make available to PHE and PWD
managers, timely and vital financial information affecting their internal operations as a business.
The introduction of this system helps to bring PHE performances more transparent; and help
sector policymakers and concerned State officials make informed decisions about tariff and
service levels.
Meter Reading and Bill Collection Procedure

It is strongly recommended that the PHE standardize the period of meter reading for all
sub-divisions. In cases where there is no enough capacity to conduct monthly meter reading,
data input, bill preparation or bill delivery, the sub-division are able to conduct meter reading
once every two months as described in the Chapter 7 of Volume III. By having consistent meter
reading and billing periods across all divisions, the PHE will be able to identify malfunctioning
water meters and data input mistakes at bill preparation, in addition to obtaining much useful
management and financial information.
Promotion of connection to the public sewer system

Especially in Margao, low connection rate to the public sewer is one of the important problems
for PHE’s enterprise management. For example, by ‘One Time Subsidized Sewerage
Connection Scheme’ that was implemented during April to August 2005, 1,508 customers were
newly connected to the public sewer system. On the other hands, Rs. 3 crores public funds
were required as the total cost for all the connections. As a result, it is calculated that on
average Rs.19,894 was required for the sewer connection per customer. Initial burden on an
applicant is one of the major constraints for PHE to increase the customers of public sewer
system, since the initial construction cost to connect sewer in their own land is approximately as
much as three to four times of average household income. It is necessary that state
government shall establish the legal framework which obligates residents to connect to the
public sewer system. Even after the development of the legal system, the initial construction
cost is still heavy burden on the residents. Therefore, it is recommended to implement the
installment plan for initial cost of public sewer.
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Reduction of Public Stand Post by promoting the house connection
Presently, PWD is promoting the reduction of PSP and application to the house connection.
Consumption of water from PSP is usually not billed and does not generate revenue. Unbilled
PSP is one of the major causes for the high NRW rate in Goa. Promotion of the reduction of
PSP by PHE is appreciated in the aspect of financial management. Introduction of installment
payment described above is also considered useful to promote the application to house
connection, in case the initial investment cost is the hurdle for new customers. It is
recommended that installment plan for water connection shall also be implemented as one of the
emergency measures.
5.11 Need for Project Implementation
5.11.1 Project Components

The feasibility study assesses three key components of the target priority projects. The first
component is the development of the water supply system. The second component is the
development of the sewerage system. These two components require facility improvement and
include construction work. These components can be categorized as hardware improvements.
The third component is capacity building of the PWD/PHE, including reduction of NRW and
asset management. This component is a fundamental part of the first and the second
components because it will help to secure the sustainability of the water supply and sanitation
systems.
The policy, strategy and action plan for capacity building is discussed in the feasibility study.
These items are not only for discussion in the feasibility study but also represent key actions that
need to be implemented to support the facility improvement.
The feasibility study recommends actions that would build the capacity of the PWD/PHE.
External assistance would be required to implement these actions. A contracted management
consultant would provide this assistance. The contractor would develop a detailed action plan
for presentation to the PWD/PHE. The action plan would be based on the capacity building
plan described in the feasibility study. The contractor would work with the PWD/PHE to assist
them implement the action plan. This component would include various kinds of training
(including on-the-job-training), and asset inventory surveys to help with asset management.
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Utilization of JICA Expert Scheme might be one of alternative external assistances as part of the
priority projects.
The technical, financial, and environmental feasibility of the three components of the priority
projects have been analyzed in previous chapters. Financial feasibility is confirmed under the
condition of full O/M cost recovery. This does not currently occur in India. For the water
supply project to be financially feasible not only would full O/M cost recovery be required, but
part of the capital investment cost would also need to be recovered.
Increases to the water and sewage tariff would be required to recover these costs. The
proposed tariff increase plan is presented in the feasibility study. The proposed tariff increases
have been carefully set so as not to exceed the customers’ willingness to pay and affordability to
pay during the design life of the project (through to 2025). The proposed rate for increasing
tariffs does not to exceed the historical rate of increases.
In this context, it can be concluded that the project is feasible and that sustainable management
of the water supply and sewerage system can be strengthened by undertaking capacity building
(which is the third component of the project).
5.11.2 Need for Project Implementation

1) Reducing water shortages and improving environmental conservation
Water demand has been increasing as a result of population growth, improved living standards,
industrial development and the increased number of tourist visiting Goa. The demand now
exceeds the supply capacity and water shortages are expected in the near future. To reduce the
likelihood of water shortages the development of the water supply system is required as soon as
possible. Increased water usage increases wastewater generation from domestic and
non-domestic customers.
Goa is a world famous beach resort. Approximately 1.8 million tourists visited Goa during
2005. The number of tourists is expected to increase to 4 million by 2025. Tourism is one of
the most important industries in Goa. Improving the water supply and sanitation situation is
fundamental to supporting the development of the industry. Improvements to the sewerage
system will help to prevent further contamination of the beautiful natural environment in Goa.
NRW reduction is one of the main components of the capacity building program. NRW
reduction will also help to avoid water shortages. JICA Expert Scheme might be applicable for
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NRW reduction introducing Japanese experiences of leakage and NRW reductions.
2) Delivering a Continuous Water Supply (24 hours a day, 7 days a week)

Goa’s water is currently supplied intermittently, meaning people can only access water several
hours each day. The water supply master plan was developed to help move the system from
providing intermittent supply to providing a continuous water supply. Currently, no water
supply authority in India supplies water continuously. The measures that are needed to provide
for a continuous water supply are described in the previous section. As the previous section
indicates, to achieve a continuous water supply both technical changes and capacity building are
required.
3) Internal Structural Reform and Independent Accounting System

To transform the PWD/PHE into a more customer oriented, accountable, and effective
organization, the feasibility study proposes internal structural reform. The capacity building
required for this reform will be undertaken with external assistance.
Currently, the PWD does not undertake financial management because all of the tariff revenue is
transferred to the state government. Also, the annual PWD budget is provided by the state
government. This situation means there are no strong incentives for the PWD to generate
revenue or to reduce expenditure. Therefore, in the long term, it is recommended that the
PWD operates to be financially self sufficient. The feasibility study recommends that an
independent accounting system be introduced during the transition period. Introduction of an
independent account system does not need any changes to the existing legislative framework.
The independent accounting system will allow the PWD to improve its financial management
ability gradually. As the PWD becomes aware of and responsible for its financial situation
cost savings and increases in revenue will result.
These structural reforms and the introduction of an independent accounting system are
recommended for implementation as part of the capacity building project.
4) Poverty Alleviation
There are very few “notified slums” in Goa, however Margao and Vasco have some small scale
slums. These slum areas are covered by the priority water supply project. According to the
Government of Goa’s policy, new water connections to low income groups in “notified slums”
will be provided by the government but the monthly tariff should be paid by the consumer.
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5) Using this Project as an Example of Best Practice in India
Development indices for Goa state (such as socio-economic levels, living standard,
infrastructure, culture and education) are higher than the average figures for India. Therefore
Goa has significant potential capability to establish a sustainable, accountable, customer
oriented, and reliable public service provider. The priority projects proposed in the feasibility
study include aspects of best practice such as providing continuous water supply, capacity
building including NRW reduction, asset management, cost recovery, an independent
accounting system, and institutional reform. These practices have proven very difficult for
India in the past. If these best practices are implemented in Goa, other states in India can learn
from Goa’s experiences. This will make it easier to implement similar practices in the other
states in the future.
These practices can be implemented in the short and medium term without changing the existing
legislative framework or the status of the PWD/PHE as a public service provider. Although
the PWD/PHE will remain a public authority, outsourcing some of the services, such as meter
reading/billing, operation and maintenance of plant, and sewer cleaning, should be considered
as a means of improving the service efficiency.
5.11.3 Actions for Project Implementation

1) Vigorous Approaches of the Government of Goa
To implement proposed projects and to attract external financial sources, the Indian side
understood the importance of vigorous approaches of the Government of Goa to central
government or international lending agencies.
2) Establishment of Project Implementation Unit

To implement to project smoothly, the PWD/PHU should establish the Project Implementation
Unit (PIU). Roll and formation of the PIU is described in Volume III Chapter 7. The PIU
shall be central control center of entire project implementation from budgetary arrangements for
project implementation to handing over the facilities to PHE department concerned.
3) Reserving Land Space Required for the Projects

According to the consultation with the Government of Goa, land spaces required for the projects
are owned by government or communities, therefore, land acquisition will not be required.
However, to reserve the land spaces as planned in the feasibility study, coordination with other
departments which have jurisdiction of the land and with communities is indispensable and such
coordination should be started as soon as possible.
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4) Arrangements of Organization for Operation & Maintenance of the New Facilities
Several new facilities are planned to be constructed under the projects. Organization with
adequate staffing should be arranged for susutainable operation and maintenance. Details of
arrangements required for the new facilities are described in Volume III Chapter 7.
5) Necessity of Detailed Design

After budgetary arrangements are completed, detailed design should be conducted before
starting bidding procedures. The preliminary design conducted during the feasibility study
stage of this project was based on a preliminary topographic survey and preliminary
geotechnical investigations. The preliminary design was undertaken to identify possible
locations and land area requirements for the proposed facilities, and potential pipe alignments.
The preliminary design was also used to estimate the project costs used in the
economic/financial analysis and to provide basic information for international lending agencies.
The preliminary design is not suitable to inform construction work.
Construction work should be based on detailed design drawings, not the preliminary design
drawings. The detailed design drawings will be prepared as part of the next stage of the
project. The detailed design drawings will be based on more detailed topographic survey and
further geotechnical investigations. A more detailed topographic survey may provide more
accurate information about land ownership which would facilitate the land acquisition process.
Further geotechnical investigations are required to locate any underground utilities such as
telephone and electric cables. Depending on the location of these utilities the location of the
proposed facilities, the pipe alignments, or the foundation types may need to be revised from
those proposed in the preliminary design.
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Feasibility Study: 5.1 Scope of Priority Projects

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CHAPTER 5 FEASIBILITY STUDY

5.1 Scope of Priority Projects

5.1.1 Water Supply System

Table 51.1 Priority Projects for Sewerage Development

5.2 Water Supply System

5.2.1 Expansion Work

(2) Installation of Transmission Mains: 73.65 km

(3) Proposed Reservoirs

2) Other Reservoirs: 6 reservoirs

(4) Pumping Stations: 5 stations

(2) Transmission Main from Margao to Verna: 13.8 km of φ1200

(3) Replacement of Pumping Equipment at Verna Pumping Station: 4 units

5.2.3 Improvement of Operation and Maintenance

(3) Improvement of Safety Standards at WTPs

(4) Establishment of Central Laboratory

5.2.4 Summary of the Priority Projects

Table 52.1 Summary of the Priority Projects

Work Component Description

1. Expansion Works (for Salaulim WSS)

Safety Standards for WTPs Chlorination Facility and others

Existing Treatment Plant to be rehabilitated

Existing Transmission Mains to be rehabilitated φ1400MS, 7.5km 0.20m3/min x H55m

P Existing Pumping Stations to be rehabilitated P

Figure 52.2 Outline of the Priority Projects of the Salaulim WSS

5.3.1 Actions to be Addressed by the NRW Reduction Roll-out Plan

Commitment – Throughout the organisation there must be a determination to follow through

5.3.2 Strategies for Setting up and Running NRW Reduction Activities

External Technical Assistance Approach

5.3.3 Priority of Implementation

5.4 Sewerage System

Table 54.1 Summary of Basic Values of Sewerage System in Stage I

Calangute & Candolim

Stage Stage I M/P Stage I M/P Stage I M/P

Target year 2015 2025 2015 2025 2015 2025

Covered population Person 80,680 118,193 34,260 68,255 19,772 39,358

Sewage flow m³/day 13,678 20,861 5,354 10,782 5,090 11,172

Sewage treatment plant

Capacity (New) m³/day 6,700 13,400 5,400 10,800 5,600 11,200

(Existing) m³/day 7,500 7,500 - - - -

(Total) m³/day 14,200 20,900 5,400 10,800 5,600 11,200

Treatment method Activated sludge method

+ (Sand filtration) + (Sand filtration) + Sand filtration

Location Margao Mapusa Calangute

Discharge river Sal River Tributary of Mandovi R. Baga River

Sewage quality In Out In Out In Out

BOD mg/ℓ 300 30 300 30 240 10

SS mg/ℓ 250 100/50 250 100/50 200 100/50(10)

Figure 54.2 General Layout Plan of Margao STP

Figure 54.4 General Layout Plan of Mapusa STP

5.5 Operations & Maintenance Improvement Plan

• Improved maintenance management practices will be employed including the need to

5.5.1 Actions to be Addressed by the O&M Improvement Plan

• Policy formulation, setting of departmental targets and objectives

• Asset management plans and for asset information to be recorded

• ‘Planned preventative maintenance’ practices to be adopted

• H&S policy/manuals and contingency/emergency plans; to raise H&S awareness and to

• Providing and acting on meaninful and timely management information

• Improved sewer cleaning, sludge management and trade-effluent compliance

• Improved housekeeping standards and computerisation of O&M administrative activities