CHEM 102 - Fundamentals of Chemistry II - Section 4K

Laboratory Techniques and Measurements

Final Report
Student Name Bao Duong
Student ID 124060
Lesson Laboratory Techniques and Measurements
Institution University of South Carolina
Session Section 4K - Fall 2020
Course CHEM 102 - Fundamentals of Chemistry II - Section 4K
Instructor Fernanda Burke

Test Your Knowledge

1. Rank the measurements in order from smallest to largest.

3.0 x 10-7 m

2.0 x 10-6 m

1.0 x10-5 m

1.0 m

4.0 x 103 mm

2. Match each SI base unit to the appropriate measurement.

Length Mass Time Temperature Amount of

Matter

1 2 3 4 5

meter kilogram second kelvin mol

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 3. Perform the following conversions.

345.7
Convert 61° F to °C 1 16° C
K

12° C Convert 19.4° C to K 2 292.6 K

2.53 Convert 15.3 mm to cm 3 1.53 cm

cm

Convert 4.25 cm to m 4 0.0425 m

0.425
m
Convert 218.4 g to kg 5 0.2184 kg
2.184
kg

Exploration

1. A micrometer is equal to 0.000001 m.

True

False

2. The SI system is derived from the _____.

United States system

metric system

English unit system

math system

3. Every measuring device measures length to the same degree of accuracy and precision.

True

False

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4. The SI system unit for temperature is _____.

degrees Celsius

degrees Fahrenheit

kelvin

5. One liter is equal to _____.

1 cm3

10 cm3

100 cm3

1,000 cm3

6. A meniscus is the curve that forms between the liquid and the surface of the container.

True

False

7. Graduated cylinders and graduated pipets are designed to measure _____ volume(s).

a range of

only one

8. Archimedes’ method is used to measure the volume of a(n) _____.

square

rectangle

irregularly shaped object

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 8. Archimedes’ method is used to measure the volume of a(n) _____.

square

rectangle

irregularly shaped object

10. In the equation C1 x V1 = C2 x V2 , C1 represents the _____ of the solution.

initial concentration

initial volume

final concentration

final volume

11. The final digit in any measurement is the estimated, uncertain digit.

True

False

Exercise 1

1. Water boils at 100°C at sea level. If the water in this experiment did not boil at 100°C, what could be the reason?

The fire was not hot enough to get the water reaching the full boil or maybe the temperature of the experiment environment
affecting it. Another reason could be that the experimenter did not measure it during the full boil.

2. While heating two different samples of water at sea level, one boils at 102°C and one boils at 99.2°C. Calculate the
percent error for each sample from the theoretical 100.0°C.

99.2 degree Celcius = 0.8% error

102 degree Celcius = 2.0% error

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Data Table 1: Length Measurements

Length (cm) Length (mm) Length (m)

CD or 12 120 0.12
DVD

Key 5 50 0.05

Spoon 21 210 0.21

Fork 18 180 0.18

Data Table 2: Temperature Measurements

Temperature (°C) Temperature (°F) Temperature (K)

Hot from Tap 49 120 322

Boiling 100 212 373

Boiling for 5 75 167 348

minutes

Cold from Tap 7 45 280

Ice Water - 1 0 32 273

minute

Ice Water - 5 0 32 273

minutes

Data Table 3: Mass Measurements

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 Estimated Mass (g) Actual Mass (g) Actual Mass (kg)

Pen or Pencil 6.7 7.0 0.007

3 Pennies 7.4 7.5 0.0075

1 Quarter 5.6 5.7 0.0057

2 Quarters, 3 Dimes 18.1 18.1 0.0181

4 Dimes, 5 Pennies 21.5 21.6 0.0216

3 Quarters, 1 Dime, 5 31.7 31.8 0.0318

Pennies

Key 10.2 10.3 0.0103

Key, 1 Quarter, 4 25.7 26.0 0.026

Pennies

Exercise 2

1. An unknown, rectangular substance measures 3.60 cm high, 4.21 cm long, and 1.17 cm wide. If the mass is 21.3 g,
what is this substance’s density (in grams per milliliter)?

3.60 cm x 4.21 cm x 1.17 cm = 17.3 cm3

cm3=mL
21.3 g / 17.3 cm3 = 1.23 g/cm3= 1.23 g/mL

2. A sample of gold (Au) has a mass of 26.15 g. Given that the theoretical density is 19.30 g/mL, what is the volume of
the gold sample?

26.15 g / 19.30 g/mL = 1.35 mL

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3. A student was given an unknown metal. The student determined that the mass of the metal was 30.2 g. The
student placed the metal in a graduated cylinder filled with 20.0 mL of water. The metal increased the volume of
water to 22.9 mL. Calculate the density of the metal and determine the identity of the metal using the table below.

22.9 mL - 20.0 mL = 2.9 mL volume of unknown metal

30.2 g / 2.9 mL = 10.4 g/mL density of unknown metal
The unknown metal is Silver

Data Table 4: Liquid Measurements

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 Water Isopropyl Alcohol

Mass A: Graduated Cylinder (g) 25.23 g 25.23 g

Volume (mL) 5 mL 5 mL

Mass B: Graduated Cylinder with Liquid 30.23 g 29.23 g

(g)

Mass B-A: Liquid (g) 5g 4g

Density (g/mL) 1 g/mL 0.8 g/mL

Percent Error (%) 0% 2%

Data Table 5: Magnet - Direct Measurement Method

Magnet

Mass (g) 50 g

Length (cm) 2 cm

Width (cm) 2 cm

Height (cm) 0.2 cm

Volume (cm3) 0.8

Density (g/cm3) 0.016

Data Table 6: Water Displacement Method

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 Magnet Metal Bolt

Mass (g) 50 g 22 g

Initial Volume of Graduated Cylinder 8 mL 8 mL

(mL)

Final Volume of Graduated Cylinder 57 mL 28 mL

(mL)

Object Volume (mL) 49 mL 20 mL

Density (g/mL) 1.02 g/mL 1.10 g/mL

Exercise 3

1. How would you prepare 10 mL of a 0.25% m/v HCl solution if 1% m/v HCl was available? How much 1% m/v HCl is
needed? How much distilled water is used?

2.5 mL of 1% m/v HCl and (10 - 2.5) = 7.5 ml distilled water taken to prepare 10 mL of a 0.25% m/v HCl
solution.
2.5 mL of 1% m/v HCl is needed
7.5 mL of distilled water is used

2. From the graph of Density vs. Concentration, created in Graph 1, what was the relationship between the
concentration of the sugar solution and the density of the sugar solution?

The relationship between the concentration of the sugar solution and the density of the sugar solution in graph 1 is if the
concentration increase, then the density will also increase responding to the concentration.

Data Table 8: Initial Concentration

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 Sugar (C12H22O11)

Mass of Volumetric Flask (g) 23.9 g

Mass of Sugar (g) 8g

Total Volume (mL) 40 mL

Concentration (% m/V) 20 % m/V

Data Table 9: Solutions

Solution Volume Mass (g) Density Initial Volume Final

(mL) (g/mL) Concentration Transferred Concentration
(% m/v) (mL) (% m/v)

0 25.00 27.6 g 1.112 g/mL 0 mL 20 % m/v

mL

1 25.00 25.1 g 1.004 g/mL 20 % m/v 2.5 mL 2 % m/v

mL

2 25.00 25.5 g 1.020 g/mL 20 % m/v 4.5 mL 3.6 % m/v

mL

3 25.00 25.3 g 1.012 g/mL 20 % m/v 3.0 mL 2.4 % m/v

mL

4 25.00 25.6 g 1.024 g/mL 20 % m/v 6.0 mL 4.8 % m/v

mL

Graph 1: Density versus Concentration

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Competency Review

1. The SI system unit for the amount of a substance is _____.

grams per liter

moles

Avogadro's number

kilograms

2. The International System of Units (SI) is _____.

a scale of measurement

the same as U.S. Customary Units

the same as English units

a standard system to measure length, temperature, time, amount of substance, and mass

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3. Convert 15.00oF to oC.

1.58oC

8.33oC

-9.40oC

59oC

-8.7oC

4. Convert 5.00 miles to kilometers.

8.05 km

3.11 km

2.49 km

1.53 km

5. A meniscus is the curve that forms between the liquid and the surface of the container as the
result of surface tension, cohesion, and adhesion.

True

False

6. _____ is defined as mass per unit of measure.

Volume

A kilogram

Molarity

Density

Concentration

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7. The definition of % m/V is _____.

grams solute/mL solution x 100

grams solution/mL solute x 100

mL solute/grams solution x 100

mL solution/grams solute x 100

8. Significant figures include only the certain digits of a measurement.

True

False

9. When reading a graduated cylinder made of glass, one must read the volume at eye level from
the middle of the meniscus.

True

False

10. A volumetric flask contains 25.0 mL of a 14% m/V sugar solution. If 2.5 mL of this solution is
added to 22.5 mL of distilled water, what is the % m/V of the new solution.

1.4 % m/V

14 % m/V

7.1 % m/V

71 % m/V

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 11. Calculate experimental error using the following data: the measured value equals 1.4 cm; the
accepted value equals 1.2 cm.

-14.3%

14.3%

-16.7%

16.7%

12. What is the volume of an irregularly shaped object that has a mass 3.0 grams and a density of
6.0 g/mL?

1.0 mL

0.5 mL

2.0 mL

18.0 mL

Extension Questions

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In the movie, "Raiders of the Lost Ark", Indiana Jones takes a gold idol from a cave. The statue is resting on a table which is
rigged with a weight sensor. The weight sensor can detect when the weight is removed and will set off a series of unfortunate
accidents. To prevent this from happening, Indiana replaces the gold idol with a bag of sand. The volume of the gold idol is
approximately 1.0 L. The density of gold is 19.3 g/mL and the density of sand is 2.3 g/mL.

1. a. Assuming the idol is pure gold, what volume would the bag of sand have to be in order to weigh exactly the
same as the idol and not set off the booby-traps?

b. Let’s assume that Indiana is successful in removing the idol and returning with it to his laboratory. He decides to
determine if it is really pure gold. He weighs the idol and measures the volume by a water displacement method. The
results are: mass = 16.5 kg and volume of water displaced = 954 mL. Is the idol made of pure gold? Explain your
answer based on the experimental results.

The volume of the bag of sand has to be 8.4 L in order to not set off the booby-traps because the density of gold is
8.4 time higher than the density of sand

No, because as you calculate the density of the idol to find the density the result comes out to be 17.3 g/mL which is
lower than the pure gold density of 19.3 g/mL so it is not a pure gold idol.

16.5 kg = 16500 g

Density of idol = 16500 g / 954 mL = 17.3 g/mL

pure gold Density = 19.3 g/mL

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