MODULE 10

GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT

At the end of the session, the students shall be able to:

1. Define key concepts in gender and development
2. explain what gender sensitivity is all about
3. discuss the present laws concerning sexual harassment, and

Introduction:

A lot of cultures tend to see gender as a natural phenomenon deriving

from biological differences between women and men. However, understanding
of masculine and feminine differ across culture or geographical locations. In
addition, factors such as socio-economic class, race, or religion can also greatly
affect how genders are treated. For instance, in some parts of India and
Thailand, construction work is considered a lowly job and reserved for women. In
contrast, in the Philippines, it is a man’s job because it requires physical strength
that is believed to be a man’s turf.

Task 1. Fill out the table with words that describe, or are associated with men
and women.
Men Women

Based on the description you have given, what do you think is SEX and what is
GENDER?

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Definition of Terms:

1. "Gender" refers to the socially or culturally constructed characteristics,

roles, attitudes and values ascribed as appropriate to men and
women.
2. "SEX” refers to the physical or biological differences between men and
women. It is what we are born with and which cannot be changed.

In your culture, what are considered acceptable for men and women, boys or
girls?
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What are the biological differences that make a person male or female?
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Give at least two conclusions you can draw from your answers above.

The pictures that follow show beliefs and practices that pervade our
society and families. Write your reflections on each picture. Limit your
comments in two sentences only.
 GAD is a development perspective that recognizes the legitimacy of
gender equality as a fundamental value that should be reflected in
development choices. The GAD is a critical lens with which to view roles and
relationships. It questions society’s social, economic and political structures and
the validity of the gender roles ascribe to men and women. It contends that
women are active agents of development and not just a passive recipients of
development assistance (NCRFW, 2001).
An important aspect of the GAD approach is the use of gender
mainstreaming, an approach that seeks to integrate women and men’s
concerns and experiences in the design, implementation , monitoring, and
evaluation of policies, programs and projects in all social, political and
economic agenda.
SAFE SPACES ACT (R. A. 11313)
Declaration of Policies:

Policy of the State

1. Value the dignity of every human person and guarantee full respect for
human rights.

2. Recognize the role of women in nation-building and ensure the fundamental

equality before the law of women and men.

3. State recognizes that both men and women must have equality, security and
safety not only in private, but also on the streets, public spaces, online,
workplaces and educational and training institutions

PUBLIC SPACES refer to streets and alleys, public parks, schools, buildings,
malls, bars, restaurants, transportation terminals, public markets, spaces
used as evacuation centers, government offices, public utility vehicles as
well as private vehicles covered by app-based transport network services
and other recreational spaces such as, but not limited to, cinema halls,
theaters and spas.
Task 2. Identify a public space where you or a friend may have
experienced being harassed.
 Gender-based Streets and Public Spaces (SPS) Sexual Harassment

• Unwanted and uninvited sexual actions /advances/ remarks against any

person regardless of the motive and has threatened one’s sense of
personal space and physical safety; committed in streets and public
spaces.

• Cursing
• Catcalling – rude sexual remarks made by men to women
passing by.
• Wolf-whistling - a two-note whistled sound to show
interest, especially to a person viewed as physically or sexually
attractive

• Leering/Intrusive Gazing - looking or gazing in a

lascivious or unpleasant way.

• Taunting – A taunt is a battle cry, sarcastic

remark, gesture, or insult intended to demoralize
the recipient, or to anger them and encourage
reactionary behaviors without thinking

• Unwanted Invitations
*Persistent uninvited comments or gestures on a
person’s appearance

• Relentless request for personal details such as

name, contact and social media details or
destination

• Use of words, gestures or actions that ridicule

on the basis of sex, gender or sexual
orientation, identity and/or expression
including sexist, homophobic and
transphobic statements and slurs

• Persistent telling of sexual jokes

• Use of sexual names, comments and

demands
PENALTIES

• First Offense : Fine of One Thousand Pesos (P 1,000.00) AND

Community Service of 12 hours inclusive of attendance to a Gender

Sensitivity Seminar (to be conducted by the PNP in coordination with
the LGU and the Philippine Commission on Women (PCW)
• Second Offense: Arresto Menor (11 to 30 days) imprisonment OR a
Fine of Fifteen Thousand Pesos (P 15,000.00)

 Third Offense: Arresto Mayor (1 month and 1 day to 6 months)

imprisonment AND a fine of Twenty Thousand Pesos ( P 20,000.00)

Assessment: Write T if the statement is true; F if not.

1. Only women can be victims of sexual harassment.

2. Only men can cause harassment.
3. The home is a venue for gender socialization.
4. Men are good in math, girls in languages.
5. The state is responsible in safeguarding the rights of all its citizens.
6. The LGBTQ community does not have the same rights as straight men or
women.
7. Discrimination may happen because of gender bias.
8. Language may become sexist and discriminating.
9. “Men take charge, women take care.” Is gender-fair.
10. The portrayal of women as victims or vamp is accurate.

Gender-Based Online (GBO) Sexual Harassment

• Includes acts that use information and communication technology in

terrorizing and intimidating victims.

GBO SH is committed through:

A) Psychological and emotional threats online;
 • B) Unwanted sexual misogynistic, transphobic, homophobic and sexist
remarks and comments online whether publicly or through direct and
private messages

• C) Invasion of victim’s privacy through cyberstalking and incessant

messaging,

• D) uploading and sharing without the consent of the victim, any form of
media that contains photos, voice, or video with sexual content,

• E) Unauthorized recording and sharing of any of the victim’s photos,

videos, or any information online.
• F) Impersonating identities of victims online or posting lies about victims to
harm their reputation.
• G) Filing false abuse reports to online platforms to silence victims.

PENALTIES:
• If natural person

• Prison Correctional (6 mos. 1 day to 6 years) in its medium period or a fine

of not less than One Hundred Thousand Pesos (P100,000.00) but not more
than Five Hundred Thousand Pesos (P 500,000.00) or both at the discretion
of the court.

• If juridical person – License or franchise shall be automatically deemed

revoked and the persons liable shall be the officers thereof, including the
editor or reporter in the case of print media, and the station manager,
editor and broadcaster in the case of broadcast media

• If alien – subject to deportation proceedings after serving sentence and

payment of fines.
Self-Help Task:

List down at least two (2) Philippine laws that protect women and children.
Discuss briefly how these laws can protect you in all spheres of your existence.

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Design a poster that can best inform students of their rights and prevent possible
offenders from doing harassment in public spaces.
Criteria:

Quality and Quantity of Content/Message/ Substance: 50

Artistry/ Color/ Design: 30
Ingenuity/Resourcefulness: 20
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