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दर्शनमाला- Darsana Mala-Nārāyana Guru (नारायण गु रु)

The DARSANA MALA is the most beloved work of Shri. Narayana Guru Devan.

It is a poem(Sanskrit) of one hundred verses, divided into ten chapters of ten verses each. 

This is not unusual in the Indian tradition where aphoristic verses are often preferred to the long
verbose treatises which are the only form used by western philosophy. Panini's Grammar and
Patanjali's Yoga Sutras are classic examples of this terse poetic style.

The DARSANA MALA is a mala, Sanskrit for a necklace or garland, of the "darsanas". A
darsana is more or less translatable as a school of philosophy or a thought-system.
Traditionally in India there are six schools, but here Narayana Guru has divided the poem into
ten and not six sections, which do not correspond strictly to the traditional darsanas. Perhaps
the word darsana could be translated here as "philosophical viewpoint".

For example, the first chapter's point of view is that the world is real and has a creator.
The next chapter will suppose the opposite; another will view the world as consciousness; yet
another from the point of view of action etc.
Thus, he presents ten possible visions of the universe, of ourselves and of the value or purpose
of life - which together comprise philosophy. These different viewpoints could be taken as
contradicting or excluding each other, especially in the context of western philosophy. The Guru
however links them together by a common thread of value which runs through them all. Each
darsana or "vision" is thus related structurally to the others, as are the verses inside each
chapter.

English translation done by Shri. Nataraja Guru, (disciple-successor of Shri.

Gurudevan.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nataraja_Guru

At Narayana Guru's instigation, NatarajaGuru received a Western education at the Sorbonne

as well as his training in the ancient wisdom-school represented by Narayana himself. in 1948-
49 Nataraja Guru undertook the translation of the Darsana Mala into English.

A philosophical system in the West means logic, not experience.

In the West, science and religion have separated.
Religion has different connotations in East and West.
In the East, the emphasis is on an experience: a vision.
Indian Philosophy depends on the experience of a yogi .
This experience is called a vision, or Darsana.
Is a Darsana a system of philosophy?
A "Darsana" is a conceptual and perceptual vision of the Absolute
Philosophy is logical - Philosophy is distinct from experience.
Indian Philosophy has a different kind of logic for each of the Darsanas,
which are closed systems, graded in a certain order.
In the Bhagavad Gita there are eighteen chapters, each with contradictions.
Each is a system of its own, with a logic of its own.
This is not like the West, where every philosophy excludes all others.

There are traditionally 6 Darsanas, or schools of Indian Philosophy: 

1. Nyaya - founded by Gautama, 
2. Vaisesika -founded by Kanada, 
3. Samkhya - founded by Kapila, 
4. Yoga - founded by Patanjali, 
5. Purva Mimamsa - founded by Jaimini, 
6. Uttara Mimamsa - founded by Badarayana

This is not unique to Indian Philosophy.

We may read in the Western context: 
" The world is in me and I am not in the world,
I am not in them, they are in me”
or: " The ocean is not in the wave, but the wave is in the ocean". 
These are apparent contradictions or paradoxes.

The many possible systems of thought that may seem to contradict each other are brought
together by the Guru in this work and united by a common thread of value. Narayana Guru
adopts a different logic for each vision – he grades them by going progressively from the known
to the unknown, starting with the vision of a “real” world created by a “real” god, which is the
way most people see the universe. 

In the first chapter, he starts in the Upanishadic tradition with "Adhyaropa" as the first Darsana.
Adhyaropa means “supposition”, as in:
“let us suppose this world is real”. 
The second vision is Apavada: “non-supposition” 
“let us suppose, as some philosophers do, that the world is not real”.

Thus, the first question is :"whence this world?".

Narayana Guru respects this question and replies with the first Darsana, in which he first
accepts this world as a given datum. 
Why is there reference to a "Lord"? Because a “real” universe with a creator is how most
people have seen reality? 
This commonly accepted view must be respected.

Because of a misunderstanding of this methodology, Vedanta has been charged with:

Solipsism - quoting itself in support of itself; the argument of self-evidence of the self.
Syncretism - that it is an aggregate of miscellaneous opinions, composed of all sorts of
heterogeneous things assembled together.
Eclecticism, Escapism , Idealism , Nihilism, Pantheism, Empiricism, Mysticism,
Phenomenology, Yogism, Negativity etc.

(Shri. Nataraja Guru in his commentary about Darsana Mala)

I VISION BY SUPPOSITION. Commentary 

This is essentially a realistic and theological chapter. If the world is treated as real, then one
has to find a source for it somewhere, whether in a maker or a final cause. Usually, Sankara's
Vedanta treats the world as Maya, and whatever reality it has in practical life belongs to the
order of the Vyavaharika rather than to that of the Paramarthika, which refers to reality in its
fullest sense. Here in the Darsana Mala we have a chapter called Adhyaropa which is one of
"supposition for argument's sake". Suppose the world is real, as the majority of ordinary men
and women take it to be in life? There must be a vision corresponding to such a natural
position.
To brush aside such an ordinary man's position in respect of ordinary natural philosophical
problems would be to slight all common men who have doubts. A seemingly theological answer
is given here for such a man in the street, but, on careful and closer examination of the
contents, one finds that the Guru does not deviate one bit from the strictly Vedantically valid
position here; not even when compared to doctrines of the Vedanta Sutras themselves, which
begin by stating: "Janmadyasya Yatah": "By which the visible world is traced back to Brahman".
(Sutra 2). The justification for this is a long one to explain, but it will suffice to note here that
when it is said that the world is the Sankalpa (willed presentiment) of Parameswara ( the Great
Lord) and that its status is the same as that of a dream, as the very first verse of this chapter
lays down, the position strictly conforming to Vedanta is not violated at all. But instead of
referring to the Ajata (uncreated) and Vivarta (presentiment) theories commonly accepted by
Advaita Vedantins, the Guru here is able to reconcile a theological God with a philosophical
Absolute. In doing so, he bridges the gap which has been the source of much wasted polemics
between Sankara, Ramanuja and Madhva.
II. VISION BY NON-SUPPOSITION Commentary 
This chapter has its accent slightly shifted epistemologically and subjectively from the objective
empirical to the mental or rational sphere. It is, however, to be noted that the gross and subtle
aspects, one more mental than the other, receive equal emphasis here, instead of one being
abandoned in favour of the other. There is an equation of cause and effect, the latter visible and
the former intelligible. By cancellation of these two factors, one against the other, the neutral
Absolute remains still the "subject matter" as well as the "object matter" of this vision. It thus
resembles the Neutral Monism of Russell and James.
III. VISION OF NON-EXISTENCE Commentary 
This chapter will be seen to be more epistemologically idealist than realist. The blue of the sky
is neither "in us" nor " out there", but is a subjective awareness in a more accentuated sense
than in the previous vision. The perceptual and the actual are here cancelled out in the
Absolute, which can contain them both without contradiction. By the time we reach the last
verse of this chapter, all duality between the universal and the specific will have been abolished
in favour of a unitive view.
IV. VISION BY NEGATION Commentary 
Here we enter a deeper epistemological ground in which, beginning from Vidya (knowledge)
and its counterpart Avidya (nescience), all epistemological pairs or factors that enter into the
negative side of the Absolute as the Maya-principle, which is the over-all category of all
possible error in respect of the Absolute, are passed under review, to show how they fall short
yet of full- - fledged reality. The epistemological position of Maya, admitting and transcending
contradiction, is a subtle one. From Pure Reason to Nature spreads the amplitude of this vision
coming under Maya.

V. VISION OF CONSCIOUSNESS Commentary 

As the last verse of this chapter occupies the central position in the whole work, this chapter is
so conceived in epistemological gradation that it studies the neutral Absolute in terms of
consciousness alone. The perfect neutrality of the Absolute, where the conceptual and the
perceptual abolish each other into the glory of the Absolute, as contained in such Vedantic dicta
as Aum Tat Sat (Aum, That Exists) etc., is here marked; and we can say that, like a pendant
that might hang in a necklace of gems strung together from its most central gem, the
Mahavakya or Great Saying is seen subtly indicated in its most suitable context at the end of
the 50th verse of the whole work, at the end of this chapter. The reader or keen student has
himself to fit all such detailed implications into the text wherever they are warranted.

VI. VISION OF ACTION. Commentary 

Here we have already passed the centre of gravity, as it were, of this work. Karma (action or
work) is generally considered outside the scope of Vedanta, which is called the Jnana-Kanda
(wisdom section); but as Karma-Yoga it appears in the Bhagavad Gita and is to be treated as
being on a par with wisdom when done passionlessly as an offering to the Absolute, as a
necessary aspect of life only, and non-obligatorily in the social sense. Done in such a free spirit,
and in a rationally or dialectically revalued form, it becomes a help rather than a hindrance to
emancipation. When done for its own sake, without any duality of ends and means entering into
it, and with vertical aspects alone accentuated and the horizontal aspects eliminated, it can be
part and parcel of the wisdom-discipline of Advaita Vedanta proper. Like the "unmoved mover"
and the "pure act" in the philosophy of Aristotle , there is a dialectically balanced way of
engaging in works, without prejudice to one's progress in the path of wisdom. Detachment is
referred to in Verse 5, and what takes place within body limits, as also such acts as seeing,
which is a kind of interaction between the seer and the seen, the Self and the non- Self, have
all to be cancelled out against their dialectical counterparts, and the neutral Absolute arrived at
under this Darsana.

VII. VISION OF AWARENESS Commentary 

Knowledge being the central subject here, one might inquire if this had not been covered in
Chapter V. There it was passive awareness that was examined. Here, on the other hand,
coming after action of the previous chapter, it is positive thinking and its results that are treated
as knowledge. The duality of subject and object comes out again into evidence as a
methodological and epistemological necessity for the discussion to complete its round. The
various kinds of ratiocination and logical inferences, and the use of analogies, inductively,
inferentially or hypothetically, are all covered in an order of the Guru's own. The absolute
knowledge mentioned in Verse 10 of this Darsana may be compared with that of the
corresponding verse in Chapter V, so as to bring out into full relief the differences in the
epistemological status of this chapter, which could be said to be more positive, while the fifth
chapter was a neutral view of the same subject as the content, rather than the object, of
consciousness.

VIII. VISION BY CONTEMPLATION. Commentary 

Devotion being the subject of this chapter, a close scrutiny of the verses will reveal that the only
distinguishing feature of devotion as against of knowledge in the previous chapter is that an
element of joy is introduced here, which will be noticed to become further accentuated in the
two remaining Darsanas. Joy, bliss or communion with the Absolute has various grades or
degrees before it becomes perfected into identity with the Absolute, which would mark the term
of progress in contemplative life. It is the Self that the Self contemplates with joy, and not any
deity or godhead before whose idol it is usual to associate a typical man of Bhakti dancing or
singing with cymbal or drumbeats in India. Both Sankara and Narayana Guru here elevate
Bhakti to a fully contemplative status, dis- -countenancing mere popular effusions in its name.

IX. VISION OF MEDITATION Commentary 

The title here refers to the most publicized and misunderstood of all topics in Indian spirituality,
namely, Yoga.
Yoga means union of two aspects of the same Self, as if happening within consciousness itself.
And further, this union has to be conceived under two distinct heads as happening between the
horizontally dual aspects, and as taking place between the lower and higher selves vertically.
This delicate distinction has not been brought out by Patanjali in his Yoga-Sutras. The four
different definitions of Yoga found in the Bhagavad Gita too, although elaborate in their own
way, leave out this delicate matter where the union is both Samyoga (contiguous association)
and Sambandha (continuous association) at once, of the tendencies within the Self. The very
first verse makes this clear in its striking definition. The joy of being thus unitively absorbed in
the Absolute is here seen to be more accentuated than in the case of Bhakti, which is in this
respect a more passive or negative state, although both belong to the positive side of
contemplation as a whole.

X. VISION OF EMANCIPATION Commentary 

To complete the contemplative cycle, the supreme value of release or emancipation is here the
subject-matter. We find in the world many persons who claim spirituality: how are they to be
classified and graded according to inner principles proper to the subject of contemplation?
Almost like a book on grammar, the Guru here excels in analysis and divides and even
numbers the possible varieties of mystical and contemplative experience into various grades
and sub-grades. It will be noticed that, in the higher grades, all matters of doing good in a
philanthropic sense drop off, although in less perfect stages they exist, as it were, on
sufferance. Piety and works have to part company somewhere, and when one is totally
absorbed in unity with Brahman, the Absolute, no question of a second value outside the self
can even arise. Self-realisation in the fullest sense, when a man forgets himself in the Absolute
completely, is the last mark of punctuation to which this garland takes us. It catches up thereby
with the very first chapter where the world is given primacy as against the Self that is given
primacy in this last of all chapters. The garland thus retains its link with the beginning of the
subject, and a full cycle of contemplative topics has thus been covered in a graded inner order,
always under the same normative reference to the Absolute.

DARSANA MALA (1916) - Shri Narayana Gurudevan

I. ADHYAROPA-DARSANAM (VISION BY SUPPOSITION)

1.asidagre sadevedam bhuvanam svapnavat punah

sasarja sarvam sankalpamatrena paramesvarah

In the beginning, there was

Non-existence indeed!
Dream-wise then again, by mere willing
Everything existent created He, the Lord supreme.

AGRE, in the beginning (before creation),

IDAM BHUVANAM, this world,
ASAD EVA, even as nothingness ( as non-existence, indeed),
ASID, existed,
PUNAH, thereafter (at the time of creation),
PARAMESVARAH, the supreme lord,
SARVAM, everything,
SANKALPAMATRENA, by mere willing,
SVAPNAVAT, like a dream,
SA-SARJA, (he) created.

2. vasanamayamevada vasididamatha prabhuh

asrjanmayaya svasya mayavivakhilam jagat

In the beginning, in the form of incipient memory factors,

(All) this remained. Then the Lord,
By his own power of false presentiment, like a magician,
Created all this world (of change).

ADAU, in the beginning (at inception, before creation),

IDAM, this (visible world),
VASANAMAYAM EVA, in the form of incipient memory factors,
(i.e. as Samskaras, deep aperceptive masses in consciousness),
ASID, (remained) existent,
ATHA, thereafter (at the time of creation),
PRABHUH, the lord,
SVASYA, (by) his own
MAYAYA, by (his power of) false presentiment,
MAYAVIVA, like a magician,
AKHILAM JAGAT, the whole world,
ASRIJAT, created.

3. pragutpatteridam svasmin vilinamatha vai svatah

bijadankuravat svaysa saktireva'srjatsvayam
This (world) before creation was
Latent within Himself.
Thereafter, like a sprout from seed,
From Himself, by His power, by itself it was created.

IDAM, this (world),

PRAKUTPATTEH, before creation,
SVASMIN, in Himself (in the self, in the lord),
VILINAM, was latent,
ATHA VAI, thereafter,
BIJAD ANKURAVAT, like sprout from seed,
SVATAH, from himself (from the lord),
SVASYA SAKTIH, his power,
SVATAH EVA, by itself,
ASRJAT, created.

4. saktistu dvividha jneya taijasi tamasiti ca

sahavaso'nayornasti tejastimirayoriva

The power, however, as of two kinds

Is to be known, as the bright and the dark;
There is no co-existence between these two,
As with light and darkness.

SAKTIS TU, this power, however,

TAIJASI TAMAS ITI CA, and thus made of light and darkness,
DVIVIDHA, two kinds,
JNEYA, is to be known,
ANAYOH, as between these,
TEJASTI MIRAYOR IVA, so with light and darkness,
SAHAVASAH STI, there is no co-existence.

5. manomatramidam citramivagre sarvamidrsam

prapayamasa vaicitryam bhagavan citrakaravat

In the beginning, this world,

Which was in the form of mind stuff, like a picture
Achieved with all this picturesque variety,
Like an artist, the Lord.

AGRE, in the beginning (before creation),

MANO MATRAM, in the form of mind-stuff
(as made of mere mind-stuff),
IDAM, this (world),
CITRAM IVA, like a picture,
SARVAM IDRISAM,all this as such here,
VAICITRIYAM,(with its picturesque variety),
PRAPAYAMASA, achieved,
CITRAKARAVAT, like an artist,
BHAGAVAN, the lord.

6. asit prakrtirevedam yatha'dau yogavaibhavah

vyatanodatha yogivasiddhijalam jagatpatih
Potentially, what even as Nature remained
Like the psychic powers of Yoga-
Like a Yogi did He, the Lord of the world, work out
His varied psychic powers thereafter.

ADAU, in the beginning,

YATHA YOGAVAI BHAVAHA, as (in the case of) psychic powers,
IDAM, this (world),
PRAKRTIR EVA, as nature(itself),
ASIT, remained,
ATHA, thereafter,
YOGI SIDDHI JALAMIVA, as a yogi with his varied psychic powers,
JAGAT PATIH,the lord of the world,
IDAM, this (world),
VYATANOD, worked out.

7. yada'tmavidyasamkocastada'vidya bhayankaram
namarupatmana'tyartham vibhatiha pisacavat

When Self-knowledge shrinks,

Then prevails nescience fearful;
Ghost-like, taking name and form,
In most terrible fashion looms here.

YADA, when,
ATMA VIDYA SAMKOCAH (BHAVATI), knowledge about the self shrinks,
TADA, then,
AVIDYA, nescience,
NAMA RUPA ATMANA, taking name and form,
PISACAVAT, ghost-like,
ATYARTHAM BHAYANKARAM, in most terrible fashion,
IHA, here,
VIBHATI, looms

8. bhayankaramidam sunyam vetalanagaram yatha

tathaiva visvamakhilam vyakarodadbhutam vibhuh

Terrible and empty of content

Like a city infernal,
Even as such a marvel
Did the Lord make the whole universe.

IDAM, this (visible world),

VETALA NAGARAM YATHA, like an infernal city,
BHAYANKAR IDAM SUNYAM (CA BHAVATI), terrible and empty of content both (remain),
VIBHUH, the lord,
AKHILAMVISVAM, the whole universe,
TATHA IVA, even as such,
ADBHUTAM, a marvel,
VYAKAROD, made

9. arkadyathakramam visvam tatha naivedamatmanah

supteriva pradurasidyugapatsvasya viksaya

If from a sun in graded succession

This world came, such was not the case at all.
Presented as if out of slumber,
At one stroke, all came to be.

IDAM VISVAM, this world,

ARKAD, from the sun,
YATHA KRAMAM, as in a gradual manner,
PRADURASID (ITI CET), it is unmanifested (if it should be said),
TATHA NA IVA,thus not at all,
IDAM, this (world),
ATMANAH, from the self,
SVASYA, (by) its own,
VIKSHAYA, regard (i.e. will),
SUPTEH IVA, as if from sleep,
YUGAPAD, at one stroke,
PRADURASID, all came to be

10. dhanadiva vato yasmat pradurasididam jagat

sa brahma sa sivo visnuh sa parah sarva eva sah

He from whom, like a fig tree as from seed

Came out this world manifested -
He is Brahma, He is Siva and Vishnu,
He is the Ultimate, everything is He indeed.

DHANAT, from a seed,

VATAH IVA, like a fig tree,
YASMAT, from whom,
IDAM JAGAT, this world,
PRADURASID, manifested,
SAH BRAHMA, he is brahma,
SAH VISNU, he is visnu,
SAH SIVA, he is siva,
SAH PARAH, he is the ultimate,
SAH EVA SARVAH, everything is he indeed

II. APAVADA-DARSANAM (VISION BY NON-SUPPOSITION)

1. caitanyadagatam sthulasuksmatmakamidam jagat asti
cedsadghanam sarvam nasti cedasti cidghanam

This world, which is both subtle and gross,

And which has come to be from living consciousness,
If existent, then everything is existent;
If non-existent, then it exists as consciousness.

CAITANYAT, from living consciousness (i.e.the lord),

AGATAM, what has come to be,
STHULA SUKSHMATMAKAMIDAM, which is both subtle and gross,
IDAM JAGAT, this world,
ASTI CET, if existent,
SARVAM SADGHANAM ASTI,everything is existent,
NASTI CET, if non- existent,
CIDGHANAM ASTI, it exists as consciousness

2. anyanna karanatkaryam asadedadato'khilam

asatah kathamutpattiranutpannasya ko layah

Other than the cause, the effect cannot be,

Therefore, all this is non-existent.
Of what is non-existent, how can there be an origin?
And of something unoriginated, how (can there be) re-absorption?

KARANAT, from the cause,

ANYAT, other,
KARYAM NA, there is no effect,
ATAH, before,
ETAT AKHILAM, all this(universe),
ASAT (BHAVATI), becomes non-existent,
ASATAH, of what is non-existent,
UTPATTIH KATHAM, how can there be origin,
ANUTPANNASYA, of something unoriginated,
LAYAH, reabsorbtion,
KAH, how can there be.

3. yasyotpattirlayo nasti tat param brahma ne'tarat

utpattisca layo'stiti brahmatyatmani mayaya

To that which origin and dissolution is not,

That is none other than the ultimate Absolute.
(That there) is origin and re-absorption,
By Maya's confusion in the Self (is supposed).

YASYA, to that which,

UTPATTIH LAYA CA, origin and reabsorption,
NASTI, is not,
TAT, that,
PARAM BRAHMA, (than) the ultimate Absolute,
ITARAT NA, is none other,
UTPATTIH LAYA CA, origin and reabsorption,
ATMANI, in the self,
ASTI ITI, as present,
MAYAYA, by maya,
BHRAMATI, by confusion (one thinks)

4. karanavyatiriktatvat karyasya kathamastita

bhavatyataha karanasya kathamasti ca nastita

Because of non-difference from cause,

The effect, how could it have being?
How could there be, for the same reason,
For the cause also, any non-being?

KARANA VYATIRIKA TVAT, because of non-difference (of effect) from cause,

KARYASYA, for the effect,
KATHAM, how could there be,
ASTITA, (state of) being,
BHAVATI, come to be,
ATAH, for the same reason,
KARANASYA, for the cause,
NASTITA CA, non-being also,
KATHAMASTI, how could there be?

5. karyatvadasato'syasti karanam nahyato jagat

brahmaiva tarhi sadasaditi muhyati mandadhih

Being an effect, and thus non-existent,

An existent cause there is; the world is thus not indeed.
On the other hand, it is the Absolute alone that is existent,
That dull minds mistake as non-existing.

KARYATVAT, because of being an effect,

ASATAH, what is non-existent,
ASYA, for this (visible world),
KARANAM, an (existent) cause,
ASTI, there is,
ATAH, therefore (because there is a cause),
JAGAT, the world (which is an effect),
NA HI, is not (real) indeed,
TARHI, on the contrary,
SAT, existent (as a cause),
BRAHMA EVA, the absolute it is indeed,
MANADHIH, dull minds,
ASAD ITI, as unreal,
MUHYATI, mistake.

6. ekasyaivasti satta cedanyasya'sau kva vidyate

satyastyamatmasrayo yadyapyasati syadasambhavaha

If one alone has reality,

Another in it how could there be?
If existence is posited in existence, tautology,
And if non-existence is so asserted, contradiction (comes).

EKASYA EVA, for one only (i.e. for the absolute alone which is the cause)
SATTA, existence,
ASTI, there is,
ANYASYA, for another (i.e. for the world which is an effect,
ASAU, in this existence,
KYA VIDYATE, where could it be,
SATI, within what exists,
SATTA, existence,
ASTI CET, if we say there is (existence is),
ATMASRAYAH, there is petitio principi, (i.e. tautology),
ASATI, within non-existence,
(SATTA ASTI, existence is),
YADI, if we should say,
ASAMBHAVAH, impossibility (i.e. contradiction),
API, also,
SYAD,would come to be

7. vibhajya'vayavam sarvamekaikam tatra drsyate

cinmatramakhilam nanyaditi mayaviduragam

Dividing all parts one by one,

Everything then is seen there
As mind stuff alone, and as no other,
As thus banishing Maya (relativity) far away.

AVAYAVAM, parts, limbs,

EKAIKAM, onebyone,
SARVAM, all,
VIBHAJYA, Having divided,
TATRA, then,
AKHILAM, everything,(i.e. the whole world),
MAYAVIDURAGAM, banishing maya far away (i.e. without any taint of maya),
CINMATRA, mind stuff alone (of the stuff of absolute consciousness),
ANYAT NA, no other thing,
ITI, thus,
DRSYATE, is seen.

8. cideva nanyadhabati citah paramato nahi

yacca nabhati tadasadyadasattanna bhati ca

Thus, it is pure mind-stuff alone that shines,

There is nothing, therefore, beyond pure mind-stuff at all.
What does not shine is not real either,
And what is not real does not shine indeed.

CIT EVA, it is even pure mind-stuff,

ABHATI, shines,
ANYAD NA, not anything else,
ATAH, therefore
CITAH PARAM, beyond pure mind-stuff(i.e. other than knowledge),
NAHI, nothing indeed,
YAT CA, that which also,
NA ABHATI, does not shine,
TAT, that,
ASAT is non-real,
YAT, that which,
ASAT, is non-real,
TAT, that,
NA BHATI CA, also does not shine indeed.

9. ananda evasti bhati nanyah kascidato'khilam

anandaghanamanyanna vina'nandena vidyate

High Value (bliss) alone exists and shines,

Therefore nothing else at all,
Thus, everything is of the stuff of the High Value,
And besides this High Value, nothing else exists.

ANANDA EVA ASTI, high value (bliss) alone exists,

(ANANDA EVA) BHATI, (it is high value alone that) shines,
ANYAH KASCID NA, not anything else,
ATAH, therefore,
AKHILAM, everything (i.e.the whole world),
ANANDA GHANAM, is of the stuff of this high value,
ANYAT NA VIDYATE, nothing else exists

10. sarvam hi saccidanandam neha nana'sti kincana

yah pasyatiha naneva mrtyormrtyam sa gacchati

All is indeed existence-subsistence-value,

Herein there is not even a little plurality.
He who sees (this) as pluralistic,
From death to death he goes.

SARVAM SACCIDANANDAM HI, all this is indeed existence-subsistence- value,

IHA,herein,
KINCANA, not even a little,
NANA, plurality,
NA ASTI, there is not,
IHA, in this (absolute),
YAH, he,
NANA IVA, as if pluralistic,
PASYATI, sees,
SAH, he,
MRITYOR, from death,
MRITYAM, to death,
GACCHATI, he goes.
III. ASATYA-DARSANAM (VISION OF NON-EXISTENCE)
1. manomayamidam sarvam na manah kvapi vidyate 
ato vyomniva niladi drsyate jagadatmani

All this (world) is of mind-stuff,

The mind, however, is not anywhere.
Therefore, like the blue and so on in the sky,
The world is seen in the Self.

IDAM SARVAM,all this (world) 

MANOMAYAM,is of mind-stuff, 
MANAH,the mind,
KVAPI,anywhere,
NA VIDYATE,is not,
ATAH,therefore, 
VYOMNIVA,in the sky,
NILADI VA,like the blue and so on,
ATMANI, in the self, 
JAGAT,the world,
DRISYATE,is seen.

2. manaso'nanyaya sarvam kalpyate'vidyaya jagat 

vidyaya'sau layam yati tadalekhyamiva'khilam

By nescience, which is no other than the mind,

All this world is a presentiment of the will.
This (nescience) by knowledge gets reabsorbed,
Then the whole world (becomes) a mere configuration.

MANASAH,from the mind,

ANANYAYA,which is no other, 
AVIDYAYA,by nescience,
SARVAM JAGAT,all this world,
KALPYATE,is a presentiment of the will,
ASAU,this (nescience
VIDYAYA,by knowledge (i.e. true knowledge of the self),
LAYAM ITI,gets reabsorbed
(ignorance is abolished and self-knowledge prevails),
AKHILAM,the whole (world),
ALEKHYAMIVA (BHAVATI),then it (becomes)a mere configuration (drawing)

3. vijrmbhate yattamaso bhiroriha pisacavat

tadidam jagrati svapnalokavad drsyate budhaih

Here, what a coward finds through darkness

To be like a looming ghost,
The same is seen to be by the wise
Like a dream-world of a waking state.

IHA,here (i.e. from a workaday standpoint),

BHIROH,to a coward,
TAMASAH,through darkness,
PISACAVAT,like a ghost,
YAT,what,
VIJRIMBHATE,looms,
TAT IDAM,that same(i.e. what is visible),
BUDHAIH,by the wise,
JAGRATI,of the wakeful state,
SVAPNALOKAVAD,like a dream-world,
DRSYATE,is seen.

4. sankalpakalpitam drsyam sankalpo yatra vidyate

drsyam tatra ca nanyatra kutracidrajjusarpavat.

This visible world results from a willing presentiment.

Where willing is present alone
Is this visible world seen, not anywhere else,
As a snake, too, when alone a rope is found.

DRISYAM,this visible world is seen (results),

SANKALPA KALPITAM,(as) a presentimaent of the will,
YATRA,where,
SANKALPAH VIDYATE,willing is present,
TATRA CA,there alone,
DRISYAM VIDYATE,this visible (world) (exists),
ANYATRA KUTRACID NA,not anywhere else,
RAJJUSARPAVAT,as a snake too where alone a rope (is found)

5. sankalpamanasoh kascinnahi bhedo'sti yanmanah

tadavidyatmahprahkyam indrajalam ivadbhutam

Between the will and the mind,

There is no difference at all,
That which is mind and called nescience and darkness,
Like the magic of Indra, is a marvel.

SANKALPA MANASAH,as between the will and the mind,

KASCIT BHEDAH,any difference,
NA HI ASTI,there is none at all,
AVIYA TAMAH RAKHYAM,what is called nescience and darkness,
YAT MANAH,which is mind,
TAT,that,
INDRAJALAM IVA,like the magic of Indra,
ADBHUTAM,is a marvel

6. maricikavatprajnasya jagadatmani bhasate

balasya satyamiti ca pratibimbamiva bhramat

Like a mirage, to a wise man,

The world looms in the Self,
Just as to an infant, by confusion,
A reflected image might real seem too.

PRAJNASYA,to a wise man,(who can discriminate between what is

real and what is unreal,
JAGAT,the world,
MARICIKAVAT,like a mirage,
ATMANI,in the self,
BHASATE,shines,looms,
BALASYA,to an infant
(without discrimination),
BHRAMAT,by confusion,
PRATIBIMBAM IVA,
like a reflected image,
SATYAM ITI CA,as if real too,
(BHASATE), might seem

7. atma na ksiravadyati rupantaramato'khilam

vivartamindrajalena vidyate nirmitam yatha

This Self, like milk (that turns),

Does not attain to another form.
Therefore, the whole (universe), as if created
By Indra's magic, exists as (an eidetic) presentiment.

ATMA,the self,
KSHIRAVAT,like milk,
RUPA ANTARAM,to another form,
NA YATHA INDRAJALENA NIRMITAM,as if created by Indra's magic,
VIVARTAM VIDYATE,exists as (an eidetic) presentiment,
(i.e.being non-existent,it appears as existent)

8. mayaiva jagatamadikaranam nirmitam taya

sarvam hi mayino nanyadasatyam siddhijalavat

Maya itself is the prime (material) cause

Of the world, by that which is no other
Than the Maya-maker (Self) is all this
Created, as various magical effects.
MAYA IVA,maya itself is,
JAGATAM,of the world,(with varied forms),
ADI KARANAM,the prime material cause,
MAYINAH NA ANYAT,what is no other than the maya-maker,(i.e. the self),
SIDDHIJALAVAT ASATYAM,as various unreal magical
effects,
SARVAM,everything,(i.e. the whole world),
TAYA HI,indeed by herself(i.e. by maya),
NIRMITAM,created,made

9. vibhati visvam vrddhasya viyadvanamivatmani

asatyam putrika rupam balasyeva viparyayam

To the mature mind, this universe

Looms like a sky-forest in the Self -
Even as an unreal puppet-form
To a child (would seem) contrariwise.

VISVAM,the universe,
VRIDDHASYA,to the mature mind,
VIYADVANAM IVA,like a sky-forest,
ATMANI,in the self,
VIBHATI,seems,
ASATYAM,unreal,
PUTRIKA RUPAM, puppet form,
BALASYA,to a child,
VIPARYAYAM IVA,as contrariwise (would seem)

10. ekam satyam na dvitiyam hyasatyam bhati satyavat

silaiva sivalingam na dvitiyam silpina krtam

One (alone) is real, not a second,

What is unreal, indeed, seems as being real.
The Siva Lingam is stone itself,
Not a second made by the mason.

EKAM SATYAM,one (alone) is real,

DVITIYAM NA,not a second,
ASATYAM HI, what is unreal indeed,
SATYAVAT BHATI,seems as being real,
SILA IVA SIVA LINGAM,the siva lingam is stone itself,
SILPINA KRITAM DVITIYAM NA,not a second made by a mason

IV. MAYA-DARSANAM (VISION BY NEGATION)

1. na'vidyate ya sa maya vidya'vidya para'para

tamah pradhanam prakrtirbahudha saiva bhasate

What is not real, that is Negation,

Which by itself, as by science-nescience,
Transcendence-immanence, darkness and prime potency
Of nature, in many forms looms.
YA NAVIDYATE,what is not real,
SA MAYA,that is negation,
SA EVA,itself,
VIDYA,science,
AVIDYA,nescience,
PARA,transcendance,
APARA,immanence,
TAMAH,darkness,
PRADHANAM,prime potency,
PRAKRITIH,nature,
(ITI) BAHUDHA,(thus)in many forms,
BHASATE,looms

2. pragutpatteryatha'bhavo mrdeva brahmanah prthak

na vidyate brahma hi ya sa maya'mevaibhava

Just as for the origin of the pot the clay itself is

In its non-being,(so too before the origin of the world),
as other than the world,
What had no being as the Absolute itself,
Such is Maya , the negative principle
of indeterminate possibility.

YATHA,just as,
(GHATASYA) UTPATTEH PRAG,before the origin (of the pot),
ABHAVAH,the non-existence,
MRID-EVA,is the clay itself,
(TATHA JAGAT UTPATTEH PRAK),(in the same way, before the origin of the world),
YA BRAMANAH PRTHAK NA VIDYATE,what as other than the absolute is not there,
YA BRAHMA HI,what is the absolute indeed,
SA MAYA AMEYAVAIBHAVA,such is the negative principle of indeterminate possibility

3. anatma na sadatma saditi vidyotate yaya

sa vidyeyam yatha rajjusarpatattvadharanam
"The non-Self is unreal, the Self is real."
Thus what looms is vidya (knowledge),
As the reality of the snake (appearance)
(Superimposed) on the rope-reality is understood.

ATMA SAT,the self is real,

ANATMA NA SAT,the non-self is unreal
ITI YAYA VIDYOTATE,thus what looms,
SA IYAM VIDYA,that what is here is knowledge,
YATHA-RAJJU-SARPA-TATTVA-AVADHARANAM,as the reality of the snake (superimposed)
on the reality of the rope is understood

4. atma na sad anatma saditi vidyotate yaya

saiva'vidya yatha rajjusarpayoryatharthadrk

"The Self is unreal, the non-Self is real."

Thus what looms is avidya (nescience) indeed,
As the erroneous cognition
As between rope and snake.
ATMA NA SAT,the self is unreal,
ANATMA SAT,the non-self is real,
ITI YAYA VIDYOTATE,that what looms (in awareness),
SA EVA AVIDYA, that indeed is nescience,
YATHA RAJJU-SARPAYOR-AYATHARTHA-DRIK,as the erroneous cognition as between rope
and snake

5. indriyani manobuddhipancapranadayo yaya

visrjyante saiva para suksmangani cidatmanah

The senses, the mind, intelligence and the five

Vital tendencies, what creates-
That is the transcendent (para) indeed, even (they being)
The subtle limbs of the reasoning Self.

CIDATMANAH,of the reasoning self (which is the vital principle),

SUKSHMA-ANGANI,the subtle limbs,
INDRIYANI,the senses,
MANO-BUDDHI-PANCAPRANADAYAH,mind,intelligence,the five vital
tendencies,etc.,
YAYA,that by which,
VISRJYANTE,is created,
SA-EVA PARA,that indeed is the transcendant aspect (of maya)
NOTE
JNANENDRIYAS: the five organs of knowledge; hearing (SROTRA),
sight (CAKSUS),touch (TVAK),taste (RASANA) and smell (GHRAND)
KARMENDRIYAS:the five organs of action;speech (VAK),grasping
(PANI),legs (PADA),excretory organs (PAYO) and sex organs
(UPASTHA)PANCA PRANAS:the five vital tendencies;the upward vital
tendency,(PRANA),the downward (APANA),the equalizing (SAMANA),
the outgoing,(UDANA) and the evenly spread (VYANA)

6. aganyetanyavastabhya sukhi dukhiva muhyati

cidatma mayaya svasya tattvato'sti na kincana

Adopting as its own these limbs, the reasoning Self,

By its own negative base of error, imagines
(Itself) as if happy or suffering,
In truth, there is nothing at all.

CIDATMA,the reasoning self (which is the vital principle),

SVASYA MAYAYA,by its own negative base of error,
ANGANI-ETANI-AVASHTHABYA,adopting as its own these limbs,
SUKHI IVA,as if happy,
DUKHI-IVA,as if suffering,
MUHYATI,imagines,
TATTVATAH,in truth,
KINCANA NA ASTI,there is nothing at all
7. indriyanam hi visayah prapanco'yam visrjyate
yayasaiva para'dhyatmasthulasankalpanamayi

The objective data of the senses, which is the world,

What emanates forth - that indeed,
In the context of the Self, is the immanent (apara),
The basis of all gross presentiments of the will.

INDRIYANAM HI,of the senses indeed,

VISHAYAH,the objective data,
AYAM PRAPANCAH,which is the world,
YAYA,by what (maya factors),
VISRIJYANTE,emanates forth,
SA-EVA,that indeed,
ADHYATMA-STHULA-SANKALPANAMAYI APARA,which in the context of the self is the basis
therein of all gross presentiments of the will, is the immanent

8. suktikayam yatha'jnanam rajatasya yadatmani

kalpitasya nidanam tattama ityavagamyate

As the ignorance about the mother-of-pearl

Is the basis of the silver-presentiment,
So too what in the Self is the basis (of the world),
That is known as darkness (tamas).

YATHA,as,
SUKTIKAYAM,in the mother-of-pearl,
KALPITASYA,what is a presentiment,
RAJATASYA,of silver,
AJNANAM,lack of knowledge
NIDANAM,the basis,
BHAVATI,is,
TATHA,so,
ATMANI,in the self, 
YAD,that which,
KALPITASYA,of what is imagined,
JAGATAH,as the world, 
NIDANAM,the basis,
AJNANAM,lack of knowledge, 
TAT-TAMAH-ITI-AVAGAMYATE,this is known as darkness

9. dhiyate'smin prakarsena bije vrksa ivakhilam

atah pradhanyato va'sya pradhanamiti kathyate

Because of being that aspect (of Maya) which is a marvel,

By containing all this (universe) like a tree in a seed,
Or by virtue of its importance (above others),
This here is known as the prime potent power (pradhana).

BIJE-VRIKSHA-IVA-AKHILAM,as the tree in the seed,everything,

ASMIN,in this (i.e.in this aspect of maya),
PRAKARSHENA DHIYATE,contains as a marvel,
ITI ATAH VA,or else it,
ASYA,of this,
PRADHANYATAH (VA),(or) its importance
,IDAM,this,
PRADHANAM -ITI- KATHYATE,is known as the prime potent power.

10. karotiti prakarsena prakrtyaiva gunan prthak

nigadyate'sau prakrtiritihatrigunatmika

By its very nature, because in a marvellous way

It diversifies the three nature modalities,
This aspect (of Maya) consisting of the three
Modalities is well known as Nature (prakrti).

PRAKRTYA-EVA,by its very nature,

GUNAN,the nature modalities,
PRAKARSHENA,in a marvellous way,
PRTHAK KAROTI-ITI,in that it diversifies,
ASAU,(this aspect of maya),
TRIGUNATMIKA,as consisting of the three modalities,
PRAKRTIH-ITI-HA NIGADYATE,it is well-known as nature (PRAKRTI)

V. BHANA-DARSANAM (VISION OF CONSCIOUSNESS)

1. antarbahirvadasinam sada bhramaracancalam

bhanam dvidhaiva samanyam visesa iti bhidyate

Present equally within (and) without,

In constant bee-agitation,
Consciousness is of two kinds-
The generic and the specific.

BAHIRVAD ANTAH ASINAM,present as within (and) without,

SADA BRAHMARA-CANCALAM-BHANAM,in constant bee-agitation,
consciousness,
SAMANYAM VISESAH ITI,as the generic and the specific,
DVIDHA-EVA BHIDYATE,is of two kinds

2. sthulam suksmam karanam ca turyam ceti caturvidham

bhanasrayam hi tannama bhanasyapyupyacaryate

As the concrete, the subtle, the causal and the Absolute,

Basic consciousness (is) of four kinds,
So these names even (of basic consciousness)
Are also applicable to consciousness.

STHULAM,(as the) concrete,

SUKSHMAM,the subtle,
KARANAM,the causal,
TURYAM CA ITI,and the absolute,
CATURVIDHAM,(there are) four kinds,
BHANASRAYAM (BHAVATI),of basic consciousness,
TAT NAMA HI,these names too,
BHANASYA API,for consciousness also,
UPACARYATE CA,are applicable also
3. drsyatmiha kayo'ham ghato'yamiti drsyate
sthulamasritya yadbhanam sthulam taditi manyate

Lo, here, "I am the body, this is the pot,"

Depending on the concrete,
What looms in consciousness,
That is known as the concrete.

IHA,here (in a visible manner),

DRSYATAM,lo,
AHAM KAYAH ,I am the body,
AYAM GHATAH ITI,this is the pot,
STHULAM-ASRITYA,depending on the concrete,
YAT BHANAM DRSYATE,what looms as consciousness,
TAT STHULAM ITI MANYATE,that is known as the concrete

4. atra kayo ghata iti bhanam yattadvisisyate

tatha'hamayamiti yat samanyamiti ca smrtam

Here, what is the consciousness of the body

And the pot, that is the specific,
Likewise too what is (the consciousness of) "I" or "this"
Is known as the generic.

ATAR,here (in what has been said above),

KAYAH,(of) the body,
GHATAH,the pot,ITI BHANAM YAT,what is the consciousness,
TAT VASISHYATE,that is the specific,
TATHA,likewise,AHAM,(of)"I",
AYAM,"this",
(BHANAM) YAT,what is (the consciousness),
(TAT) SAMANYAM-ITI CA SMRTAM,(this) as the generic is known

5. indriyani manobuddhivisayah panca vayavah

bhasyante yena tatsuksmam asya suksmasrayatvatah

The senses, mind, intellect, interest items

And the five vital tendencies,
By what are made conscious - that is (know as) the subtle.
Because of dependence on the subtle.

INDRIYANI,the senses (such as hearing),

MANO-BUDDHI,mind (and) intellect,
VISHAYAH,interest items,(like sound and form),
PANCAVAYAVAHA,the five vital tendencies,
YENA BHASYANTE,by what is made conscious,
ASYA SUKSHMASRAYATVATAH,because of dependence on the subtle,
TAT SUKSHMAM (ITI MANYATE),this (is known) as the subtle

6. ajno'hamiti yadbhanam tatkaranamudhartam

atra'hamiti samanyam viseso'jna iti sphurat
"I am ignorant" Such a consciousness
Is said to be the causal.
Here , that aspect which stands for "I" is the generic,
And the specific what stands for "am ignorant"
AJNOHAM,"I am ignorant",
ITI BHANAM YAT,such a (specific) consciousness,
TAT KARANAM ITI UDAHRITAM is said to be causal,
ATRA,here,
AHAM-ITI YAT TAT SMANYAM,what stands for "I" is the generic,
AJNANAH ITI SPHURAT (YAT TAT) VISESHAH (CA BHAVATI), (and that which) makes for
the consciousness "am ignorant" is the specific.

7. aham brahmeti yadbhanam tatturyamiti samsyate

samanyamahamitiyamso brahmetyatra visisyate

"I am the Absolute." Thus what consciousness attains

Is praised as (the consciousness of) the Absolute.
Here, the element "I" is the generic,
And "Absolute" is its specific attribute.

AHAM BRAHMA-ITI BHANAM YAT,"I am the Absolute"- thus what

consciousness makes,
TAT-TURYAM-ITI SAMSYATE,is praised as that absolute (consciousness),
ATRA,here,
AHAM-ITI-AMSAH SAMANYAM,the element "I" is the generic,
BRAHMA-ITI (AMSAH) VISISHYATE, (the element that refers to)the absolute is the specific

8. yatra bhanam tatra bhasyam bhanam yatra na

samanyamahamitiyamso brahmetyatra visisyate

Where consciousness (exists), there the

Object of consciousness (exists), where
Consciousness exists not, its object neither.
Thus, both by agreement and difference, certitude comes.

YATRA BHANAM (VARTATE),where consciousness (exists),

TATRA BHASYAM VARTATE,there (exists) the object of consciousness,
YATRA BHANAM NA (VARTATE),where consciousness (exists) not,
TARA BHASYAM NA VARTATE,the object of consciousness (exists) not,
ITI-ANVAYENA VYATIRIKENA API BODHYATE,so by agreement and
difference certitude comes

9. yatha drgdrsamatmanam svayamatma na pasyati

ato na bhasyate hyatma yam pasyati sa bhasyate

As with the eye which cannot see itself,

(So) the Self does not see itself,
Therefore indeed, the Self is not the object of consciousness.
That which the Self sees is the object of consciousness.

YATHA DRIG-DRISAM SVAYAM NA PASYATI,as with the eye that cannot see itself, (TATHA)
ATMA ATMANAM (SVAYAM) NA PASYATI,(so) the self does not see itself,
ATA ATMA NA BHASYATE HI,therefore indeed the self is not the object of consciousness, 
ATMA-YAM PASYATI SA BHASYATE, that which the self sees is the object of consciousness

10. yadbhasyate tadadhyastam anadhyastam na bhasyate

yadadhyastam tadasadapyanadhyastam sadeva tat

What is the object of consciousness, that is conditioned,

What is unconditioned, that is not the object of consciousness.
What is conditioned is non-existent,
But what is unconditioned, itself THE EXISTENT IS THAT.

YAD BHASYATE,what is the object of consciousness,

TAD ADHYASTAM (BHAVATI)that is conditioned,
YADANADHYASTAM,what is unconditioned,
TAT NA BHASYATE,that is not the object of consciousness, 
YAD ADHYASTAM, what is conditioned,
TAT ASAD,that is non-existent, 
API YAT ANADHYASTAM, and what is unconditioned (i.e. the self), 
TAT SAD-EVA,itself THE EXISTENT IS THAT

VI. KARMA-DARSANAM (VISION OF ACTION)

1. atmaiva mayaya karma karoti bahurupadhrk

asangah svaprakaso'pi nidrayamiva taijasah

It is indeed the Self, though self-luminous

And detached, that through negativity
Does action bearing many forms,
Like the dream-agent in sleep.

ASANGA SVAPRAKASAH-API,although detached and self-luminous,

NIDRAYAM TAIJASAH IVA,like the dream-agent in sleep,
ATMA-EVA BAHURUPADHRIK,the self itself bearing many forms,
MAYAYA KARMA KAROTI,by means of its negative principle does
action

2. manye vadami grhnami srnomitiyadirupatah

kriyate karma paramatmana cittendriyatmana

"I think, I speak, I grasp, I hear."

In forms such as these are actions accomplished
By the supreme Self, (which is also)
The Self of pure reason and the senses.

PARAMATMANA MANVE VADAMI GRIHNAMI,by the supreme self "I speak, I grasp",
SRINOMI-ITYADI RUPATAH,"I hear",in such forms,
KARMA KRIYATE,actions are accomplished,
CITENDRIYATMANA,by the self of pure reason and the senses (having the form of ego-sense
with motor senses)

3. atmaivah karmanah purvamanyat kincinna vidyate

tatah svenaiva karmani kriyante nijamayaya
Prior to action, it is the Self (that exists);
There is nothing else at all.
Through the Self, by its own negative principle,.
By itself are accomplished all actions.

KARMANAH PURVAM, prior to action,

ATMA-EVA VIDYATE, it is the self that exists,
ANYAT KINCIT NA,there is nothing else at all,
TATAH,through it, 
SVENA-EVA,by theself itself,
NIJAMAYAYA,by its own negative principle,
KARMANI KRIYANTE,(all) action is accomplished

4. saktirasyamanah kacid durghata na prthak svatah

tayaivaropyate karma nikhilam niskriyatmani

From the Self, not different from itself

There exists a certain undefinable specificatory power
By that (power), all actions
Are falsely attributed to the actionless Self.

ATMANAH,from the self,

SVATAH NA PRTHAK,not different from itself,
DURGATAH,an undefinable,
KACID SAKTIH ASTI,there exists a certain (specificatory) power,
TAYA-EVA,by that (power),
AROPYATE,is falsely attributed,
NIKHILAM KARMA,all action,
NISHKRIYATMANI,in the actionless self

5. sarvada'sanga evatma 'jnataya karma sangivat

karoti na karomiti na jnah karmasu sajjate

The Self is always detached indeed.

One performs action as if attached due to ignorance.
The wise man, saying "I do nothing,"
Is not interested in action.

ATMA,the self,
SARVADA,always,
ASANGA EVA,is detached indeed,
AJNATAYA,due to ignorance,
SANGIVAT,as if attached,
KARMA KAROTI,does the action,
JNAH,the wise man,
NA KAROM-ITI,saying "I do nothing"
NA KARMASU SAJJATE,is not interested in action

6. jvalati jvalano vayurvati varsati varidah

dharatma san dharati khalveko vahati vahini

The one (Self) alone as fire (it) burns,

As wind (it) blows,
As water (it) rains,
As earth (it) supports (and) as a river (it) flows.

EKAH KHALU,the one (self) alone,

JVALANAH SAN JVALATI,as fire it burns,
VAYUH SAN VATI,as wind (it) blows,
VARIDAH SAN VARSHATI, as water it rains,
DHARATMA SAN DHARATI,as earth it supports,
VAHINI SAN VAHATI,as a river it flows

7. urdhvam prano hyadho'panah khalveko yati niskriyah

nadyantarale dhamati krandoti spandati sthitah

The one (Self) alone, remaining actionless,

Moves (as) upward and downward vital tendencies
Within the nervous centres, indeed,
It beats, murmurs and pulsates.

EKAH KHALU,the one (self) alone,

NISHKRIYAH STHITAH,remaining actionless,
PRANAH (SAN) URDHVAN,as upwards vital tendency,
APANAH (SAN) ADAH,as downward vital tendency,
YATI,moves,
NADYANTARALE, within the nervous centres,
DHAMATI KRANDATI SPHANDATI HI,indeed beats,murmurs and pulsates

8. astijanmarddhiparinatyapaksayavinasanam
sadbhavamiha yo yati sa nanyo'vikriyatmanah

Here (in this visible world), as what exists,

Grows, transforms, decreases and attains its end-
As subject to six forms of becoming-
(That) is no other than the actionless Self.

IVA,here (in this visible world),

YAH,what,
ASTI JANMAR ADHI PARINATYA PAKSHAYA VINASANAM, as what exists,is born,grows, is
transformed,decreases,attains its end,
SHADBHAVAM,six forms,
YATI,what is subject to,
SAH,that,
AVIKRIYATMANAH,from the actionless self,
ANYAH NA,is no other

9. svayam kriyante karmani karanairindriyairapi

aham tvasangah kutastha iti janati kovidah

By means of the inner organs and the senses

Actions become Self-accomplished.
However, the wise man knows,
"I am the unattached, inner well-founded one"
KARANAIH-INDRIYAIH-API,by the means of the inner organ and the
senses,
KARMANI SVAYAM KRIYANTE,actions become self-accomplished,
KOVIDAH TU,however,the wise man,
AHAM ASANGAH KUTASTHA ITI JANATI,knows "I am am the unattached,inner well-founded
one"

10. drsyatvadbhasyamaham apyato'ham suktirangavat

adhyastameka evadya svopi sarvoparisthitah

Because of being an object of experience,

Even the "I" is a conditioning factor,
Superimposed like the mother-of-pearl gleam.
Above everything else, today and tomorrow one alone is.

AHAM API,even the "I",

DRISYATVAT,because of being the object of experience,
BHASYAM,is a conditioning factor,ATAH,because of this,
AHAM,I,SUKTI-RANGAVAT,like the silver gleam in the mother-of-pearl,
ADHYASTAM,is superimposed,
ADYA SVOPI,today and tomorrow (i.e. always),
SARVOPARI-STHITAH,fixed above all things,
EKAH EVA,even one (is)

VII. JNANA-DARSANAM (VISION OF AWARENESS)

1. jnanamekam hi nirupadhikam sopadhikam ca tat

ahankaridhinam yajjnanam tannirupadhikam

Awareness is one and unconditioned indeed,

There is also the conditioned.
Awareness without egoism, etc.,
That is the unconditioned.

JNANAM-EKAM NIRUPADHIKAM HI,awareness is one and unconditioned indeed,

SOPADHIKAM CA TAT,that is also the conditioned,
YAT JNANAM AHAMKARADI-HINAM,awareness without egoism,etc.,
TAT NIRUPADHIKAM,that is the unconditioned

2. ahantaya'ntarbahirasti yadevamidantaya
bhanavrttya'nvitam yattu jnanam sopadhikam

That which is accompanied by egoism as if inside,

And which again as qualified by this-ness is
Accompanied by conscious activity,
Such awareness is to be understood as conditioned.

YAT,that which,
AHANTAYA BHANA VRITTYANVITAM ANTAH, accompanied by the active consciousness of
egoism inside,
EVAM YATTU,that by which again,
IDANTAYA (BHANA VRITTYANVITAM CA) ASTI,as if accompanied by active consciousness
thisness) as outside,
(TAT) JNANAM,(that) awareness,
SOPADHIKAM (ITI)
MATAM,is understood to be conditioned

3. anatmanamahankaradinam yenanubhuyate
saksi tadatmajnanam syadyenaivamrtamasyate

That by which are experienced all things

Of the non-Self, such as egoism, etc.,
And even by which immortality is enjoyed,
(As) the Witness, is Self-awareness.

ANATMANAM,of things pertaining to the non self,

AHAMKARADINAM,such as egoism,etc,
SAKSHI,the witness(i.e. the self),
YENA-ANUBHUYATE, what is experienced,
YENA-EVA,by which even,
AMRITAM,immortality,
ASYATE,is enjoyed,
TAT-ATMA-JNANAM SYAD,that is (absolute) self-awareness

4. ahankaradi karyam yadanatmakamasankhyakam

yenavagamyate'natmajnanam tadavadharyate

As innumerable effects of egoism, etc.,

What as pertaining to the non-Self
Attains to awareness, that is said to be
Awareness of the non-Self.

YAT,what,
ANATMAKAM,as pertaining to the non self,
ASANKHYAKAM,as innumerable,
AHANKAR ADI KARYAM,as effects such as egoism etc.,
YENA,by what,
AVAGAMYATE,awareness attains,
TAT,that,ANATMAJNANAM (ITI),as awareness of the non-self,
AVADHARYATE,it is said to be

5. yathavadvastuvijnanam rajjutattvabodhavat
yattadyatharthavijnanamayatharthamato'nyatha

Knowing things as they really are,

As when one attains to the truth of the rope,
What makes for such is true awareness,
Wrong awareness is what is otherwise.

RAJJU-TATTVA-AVABODHAVAT,like the right knowledge about the rope,

YATHAVAT-VASTU-VIJNANAM,awareness of things as they really are,
YAT,which,
TAT-YATHARTHA-VIJNANAM,that is right awareness,
ATHAH ANYATHE,what is different from this,
AVATHARTHAM (CA BHAVATI),wrong awareness(too becomes)
6. yatsannidhyadeva sarvam bhasate svayameva tat
pratyaksajnanamiticaparoksamiti laksyate

By the very presence of which everything looms

In consciousness by itself,
That awareness is indicated as empirical awareness,
And also as non-transcendental awareness.

YAT-SANNIDHYAD-EVA,by the very presence of which,

SARVAM SVAYAM-EVA BHASATE,everything looms in consciousness by itself,
TAT,that, 
PRATYAKSHA-JNANAM-ITI,as empirical awareness,
APAROKSHAM-ITI CA and also as non-transcendental awareness,
LAKSHYATE,is indicated

7. yaya'nusadhakam sadhyam miyate jnanarupaya

vrttya sa'numitissahacarasyamskarajanyaya

That function of awareness by which

The means to an end is appraised,
And which arises out of associative innate disposition,
That is inferential awareness.

YAYA,that by which,
SAHACARYA-SAMSKARA-JANYAYA,as originating in associative innate disposition,
JNANARUPAYA,having the form of awareness,
VRTTYA,by function,
ANUSADHAKAM SADHYAM,means for ends, 
MIYATE,are brought into awareness,
SA-ANUMITI,this is inferential (awareness)

8. gatva samipam meyasya miyate srutalaksanah

yaya samvitsopamitirmrgo'yamiti rupaya

On going near to an object to be ascertained,

What - in the form of "this is the animal
known by such marks"-
Is the functional basis for certitude,
That is (said to be) analogical awareness.

MEYASYA,of the object to be known,

SAMIPAM,near,
GATVA,going,
SRUTA-LAKSHANAH MRIGAH-AYAM-ITI RUPAYA,in the
form of " this is the animal having the marks I heard about",
YAYA (VRITTYA),by what (functional activity),
(MEYAH) MIYATE,(what is to be understood) is brought into awareness,
SA SAMVIT UPAMITIH,this is analogical awareness

9. aham mameti jnanam yadidam taditi yacca tat

jivajnanam tadaparamindriyajnanamisyate
That awareness of "I" and "mine"
And that other as "this" or "that"-
The former as vital awareness, and the latter
As sense awareness, is declared.

AHAM MAMA-ITI JNANAM YAT,that awareness expressing itself as "I"and "mine",

TAT JIVA-JNANAM,that as vital awareness,
APARAM IDAM TAD-ITI JNANAM YAT,and that which also expresses itself as "this"and "that",
TAT INDRIYA JNANAM CA, that as sense awareness
,ISHYATE,is declared

10. om tatsaditi nirdistam brahmataiyamupagattam

kalpanadivihinam yattatparajnanamiryate

Designated as AUM, THAT EXISTS,

Attained to unity of Absolute and Self,
Devoid of willing and other functions -
That is said to be the ultimate awareness.

AUM-TAT-SAD-ITI NIRDISHTAM,that which is designated as "aum- that-exists",

BRAHMATMA AIKYAM,the unity of the self and the absolute,
UPAGATTAM,havingattained,
KALPANADI VIHINAM,devoid of all willing,
(JNANAM) YAT,what awareness there is,
TAT-PARAJNANAM (ITI) IRYATE, that is said to be the ultimate awareness
VIII. BHAKTI-DARSANAM (VISION BY CONTEMPLATION)

1. bhaktiratmanusandhanamatma'nandaghano yatah
atmanamanusandhatte sadaivatmavidatmana

Meditation on the Self is contemplation,

Because the Self consists of bliss,
A knower of the Self meditates by the Self,
Upon the Self, for ever.

ATMAANUSANDHAMNAM,meditation on theself,
BHAKTIH,contemplation,
YATAH,because,
ATMA,theself,
ANANDAGHANAH (BHAVATI),Consists of bliss,
TATAH,for that reason,
ATMAVID,a knower of the self,
ATMANAM,the self,
ATMANA,by the self,
SADA-EVA,forever always,
ANUSANDHATTE,meditates upon

2. anusandhiyate brahma brahmanandaghanam yatah

sada brahmanusandhanam bhaktirityavagamyate

The Absolute is meditated upon

Because it consists of bliss.
Constant meditation on the Absolute
Is thus known as contemplation.

BRAHMA,the absolute,
ANUSANDHIYATE,is meditated upon,
YATAH,because of this,
BRAHMA,the absolute,
ANANDAGHANAM, consists of bliss,
SADA BRAHMA-ANUSANDHANAM,constant meditation on the absolute,
BHAKTIHITI-AVAGAMYATE,is thus known as contemplation

3. anandameva dhyayanti sarve duhkham na kascana

yadanandaparam dhyanam bhaktirityupadisyate

It is even bliss that all do meditate,

No one at all (meditates) suffering.
That which is meditation of bliss,
As contemplation it is thought.

SARVE,all,ANADAM-EVA,even bliss,
DHYAYANTI,do meditate,
KASCANA,no-one,
DUHKAM,suffering,
NA (DHYAYATI),does not (meditate),
YAT,that which,
ANANDAPARAM,as pertaining to bliss,
DHYANAM,meditation,
(TAT),(that),BHAKTIH-ITI,as contemplation,
UPADISYATE,it is taught

4. atmaiva brahma bhajati nanyamatmanamatmavit

bhajatiti yadatmanam bhaktirityabhidhiyate

It is the Self alone that contemplates the Absolute;

The knower of the Self
Meditates on the Self, and not on any other.
That which is meditation on the Self
Is said to be contemplation.

ATMA-EVA BRAHMA,it is the self alone that is the absolute,

ATMAVIT,the knower of the self,
ATMANAM,on the self,
BHAJATI,meditates,
ANYAM NA (BHAJATI),does not (meditate) any other,
ATMANAM,on the self,
BHAJATI-ITI-YAT,that which is meditation,
(TAT)BHAKTIH-ITI, (that) as contemplation,
ABHIDHIYATE,is said to be

5. ananda atma brahmeti namaitasyaiva tanyate

iti niscitadhiryasya sa bhakta iti visrutah

Bliss, the Self and the Absolute

Are said to be the names of this alone.
In whom there is such sure awareness,
He as a contemplative is well known.

ANANDAH ATMA BRAHMA-ITI,bliss,the self and the absolute,

ETASYA-EVA NAMA,are the names of this alone,
ANYATE,is said to be,
ITI,thus,
YASYA,of whom,
NISCTADHIH (ASTI),there(is) sure awareness,
SAH,he,BHAKTAH IVA VISRUTAH,so as a contemplative is well known

6. anando'hamaham brahma'tma'hamasmiti rupatah

bhavena satatam yasya sa bhakta iti visrutah

"I am Bliss, I am the Absolute, I am the Self."

In whom, in such forms,
There is always creative imagination,
As a contemplative he is well known.

AHAM ANANDAHA-ASMI,"I am bliss",

AHAM BRAHMA (ASMI)," I am the absolute",
AHAM ATMA (ASMI),”I am the self”,
ITI RUPATAH,in such forms,
YASYA,in whom,
SATATAM,always,
BHAVANA (ASTI),there (is) creative imagination,
SA BHAKTAH ITI VISRUTAH,as a contemplative he is well known

7. bharya bhajati bhartaram bhartta bharyam na

svanandameva bhajati sarvopi visayastitam

The wife does not merely adore the husband,

Nor the husband merely adore the wife,
It is self-bliss alone that they adore,
As lodged within every sensuous object.

BHARYA BHARTARAM, the wife,the husband,

NAKEVALAM BHAJATI, does not merely,
BHARTTA-BHARYAM,the husband the wife,
NA BHAJATI,does not merely adore,
SARVAH-API,even every,
VISHAYA-STHITAM,lodged within every sensuous object,
SVANANDAM EVA,it is even self-bliss,
BHAJATI,(they) adore

8. evam pasyati kutrapi vidvanatmasukham vina

na kincidaparam tasya bhaktireva gariyasi

For the wise man who sees

Thus at any place whatever,
There is nothing at all other than Self-bliss.
(Such) contemplation verily is the highest.
EVAM,thus,VIDVAN,the wise man(of self-knowledge),
KUTRAPI,at any place whatever,
ATMA SUKHAM VINA,other than self-bliss,
APARAMKINCID(API),(even) a little of anything else,
NA PASYATI,does not see,
TASYA BHAKTIH-EVA,his contemplation verily,
GARIYASI,is most exalted

9. lokasya pitari svasyagurau pitari matari

satyasya sthapitari ca tatpathenaiva yatari

Towards the Father of the World, to one`s

Spiritual teacher, father, mother,
Towards the Founders of Truth, and
Towards those who walk in the same path;

LOKASYA PITARI,towards the father of the world,

SVASYA,to one's,
GURAU PITARI MATARI,spiritual teacher,father,mother,
SATYASYA STHAPITARI,towards the founders of truth,
TAT-PATHENA-EVAYATARI,towards those who walk in the same path

10. niyantari nisiddhasya sarvesam hitakarttari

yo'nurago bhaktiratra sa para paramatmani

Towards those who put down evil,

And those who do good to all -
What sympathy there is, is devotion here,
(While) what here belongs to the Self Supreme is the ultimate.

NISHIDHASYA NIYANATARI,towards those who put down evil (i.e.

towards those who control (their subjects) from forbidden actions),
SARVESAM HITA KARTTARI (CA),(also) towards those who do good to all,
ANURANGAH YA,what sympathy there is,
SA BHAKTIH,that is devotion,
ATRA PARAMATMANI,what belongs to the supreme self,
SA PARA,that is the ultimate (devotion)

IX. YOGA-DARSANAM (VISION OF MEDITATION)

1. satatam yojayati yadyunakti ca cidatmani

mano nirodharupo'yam sa yoga iti samsitah

That which always unites the mind

With the reasoning Self, and also gets united with it,
And which is in the form of restraint,
That is praised as Yoga.

YAD,that which,
CIDATMANI,in the reasoning self (i.e. in the absolute which is in the nature of wisdom)
MANAH,the mind,
SATATAM,always,
YOJAYATI,unites,
YUNAKTI CA and gets united,
NIRODHA-RUPAH SAH AYAM,that which is of the form of restraint (of the mind),
YOGAH,yoga,
ITI SAMSITAH,is praised to be

2. na drasta darsanam drsyam vidyate yatra tatra hrt

yojayedvasana yavadyogo'yamiti yogavit

Where the seer, the sight and the seen

Are not present, there the heart
Should be joined, as long as incipient memory-factors (are present):
Such is Yoga, (says) the knower of Yoga.

YATRA,where,
DRASHTA DARSANAM DRISYAM CA,the seer,the sight and
the seen,
NA VIDYATE,are not present,
TATRA,there (i.e. in the ultimate self),
HRIT,the heart (or mind),
YAVAT VASANA (VIDYATE),as long as incipient memory factors (are present),
YOJAYET,it should be joined,
AYAM YOGAH,such is yoga,
ITI YOGAVIT (VADATI),(says) the knower of yoga

3. namarupamidam sarvam brahmaiveti viliyate

yadbrahmani mano nityam sa yoga iti niscitah

All this consisting of name-form, (knowing)

As verily the Absolute, the mind ever merges
In the Absolute, what constitutes such,
As Yoga is ascertained.

IDAM NAMA-RUPAM SARVAM,all this of name-form,

BRAHMA-EVA ITI,as verily the absolute,
MANAH,the mind,
NITYAM,always,
BRAHMANI,in the absolute,
VILIYATE,gets merged,
(ITI) YAT,(such) what is,
SAH,that,
YOGAH ITI NISCITAH,as yoga is ascertained

4. cittasya tailadharavadvrttya'vichinnaya'tmani
nirantaram ramyate yatsayogo yogibhih smrtah

The unbroken functioning of reason

Which in the Self, like a streak of oil,
Finds incessant joy - such as Yoga
Is by Yogis recognized.

TAILA-DHARAVAT,like the streak of flowing oil,

AVICCHANNAYA,unbroken,
ITTASYAVRITTYA,by the functioning of the reason,
ATMANI,in the self,
NIRANTARAM,incessantly,
REMYATE (ITI)YAT,(in that) it finds joy,
SAH YOGAH (ITI),that (as) yoga,
YOGIBHIH SMRITAHA,is recognized by yogis.

5. yato yato mano yati sada'tmani tatastatah

niyamya yojayedetadyogo'yam yujyatmiha

To which or which order (interest) the mind goes,

From that or that other into the Self,
Ever restraining it, it should be joined,
In such Yoga here let it be united.

MANAH,the mind,
YATAH YATAH,from which or which other (interest),
YATI,goes,
TATAH TATAH,from that or that other,
ETAT,this (the mind),
NIYAMYA,having restrained,
SADA,always,
ATMANI,in the self,
YOJAYET,should be joined,
AYAM YOGAH,this is yoga,
IHA,in this here, (yoga),
YUJYATAM,let it be united (i.e.let it be joined,let samadhi be practiced)

6. sarvanatakarah pumsam sankalpah kalpitaih saha

unmulya vasanajalairyenamani nirudhyate

Uprooting those incipient memory-factors of willing,

The source of all human disasters, (he) who
Together with their varied willed objects
Restrains in the form of Self (saying):

PUMSAM,for man,
SARVA-ANARTHA-KARAH,which is the source of all
disasters,
SANKALPAH,willing,
KALPITAIH,with the objects of wilful
desire,
VASAN-JALAIH SAHA,together with the various incipient memory factors belonging to the will,
UNMULYA,uprooted,
YENA,by whom,
ATMANI,in the self,
NIRUDHYATE,is restrained

7. drsyasya na drso'stitvam ato drsyam drgatmakam

iti yunjita drgrupe yah sa yogavidham varah

"What is seen has no existence as such,

"Thus what is seen is the seer's Self"-
He among knowers of Yoga
Is the most superior.

DRSYASYA,in visible objects,

NA ASTITVAM,there is no existence,
DRISAH (ASTITVAM ASTI),it is the seer (that has existence),
ATAH,thus,
DRISYAM DRIGATMAKAM (BHAVATI),the seen is the form of the seer,
ITI,thus,
YAH,who,
DRIGRUPE,in the form of the self
YUNJITA, joins,
SAH YOGAVIDAM VARAH,he is the knower of yoga

8. yada piban mano bhrngah svanandamadhumadhurim

na spandati vasikrtya yojito yogavayuna

When the mind-bee drinking

Of the nectar-sweetness of Self-bliss
Is drawn into union with Yoga breeze
And does not flutter, (Yoga takes place).

YADA,when,
YOGAVAYUNA,by the breeze of yoga,
VASIKRITYA, being drawn to its side,
YOJITAH,having attained to yoga union,
MANO-BHRINGAH,the bee that is the mind,
SVANANDA-MADHU-MADHURIM,the nectar sweetness of self-bliss,
PIBAN,while enjoying,
NA SPANDATI,does not flutter,
(TADA YOGA SYAT),(then yoga takes place)

9. dhyanamantantarbhruvordrstirjihvagram lambikordhvatah
yada syatkhecari mudra nidralasyadinasini

When meditation with gaze fixed between the eye-brows

And the tongue-tip touching beyond the uvula (takes place)
Then happens (khecari mudra) that space-freedom attitude
Of drowsiness - and fatigue - dispelling capacity.

YADA,when,
BHRUVOH,of the two eyebrows,
ANTAH,in the middle,
DHYANAM DRISTIH (CA),meditation and gaze,
LAMBIKA-URDHVATAH,placed beyond the uvula,
JIHVAGRAM (CA),the tip of the tongue also,
(SYAD),(takes place),
JIHVAGRAM (CA),the tip of the tongue also,
(SYAD),(takes place), 
YADA),(then),
NIDRA-ALASYA-ADI-NASISNI,of sleep,fatigue etc., dispelling potency,
SYAD,happens,
KHECARI-MUDRA,an attitude enabling one to attain the freedom of space
10. jnanam karmeti loke'smin dvidha yogah samasatah
anayoryogavistarah sarvah parisamapyate

As of wisdom or action, Yoga in this world

Is of two kinds; and within these summarily
The whole of the further elaboration of Yoga
Is comprised conclusively.

ASMIN LOKE,in this world,

YOGAH,yoga,
JNANAM KARMAITI, as of wisdom and action,
SAMASATAH,in summary fashion,
DVIDHA,in two kinds
,YOGAVISTARAH SARVAH,the whole of any further elaboration of yoga,
ANAYOH,within these,
PARISAMAPYATE,is comprised conclusively

X. NIRVANA DARSANAM (VISION OF EMANCIPATION)

1. nirvanam dvividham suddhamasuddham ceti tatra yat

suddham nirvasanam tadvadasuddham vasananvitam

Emancipation is of two kinds -

What is pure and what is impure.
What is without incipient memory-factors, that is pure,
Likewise, what is qualified by incipient memory-factors is impure.

NIRVANAM,emancipation (i.e. absorbtion),

SUDDHAM-ASUDDHAM-CA-ITI,as pure and impure,
DVIVIDHAM,of two kinds,
TATRA,of these,
YAT NIRVASANAM,what is without incipient memory factors,
TAT SUDDHAM,that is pure,
TADVAT,likewise,
YAT-VASANA ANVITAM,what is qualified by incipient memory factors,
(TAT) ASUDDHAM (CA BHAVATI),(that becomes) the impure

2. atisuddham suddhamiti suddham ca dvividham tatha

asuddhasuddhancasuddhamasuddhasuddhamucyate

As pure and extra-pure,thus

Are two kinds, likewise,
The impure also as impure-pure
And impure-impure is spoken of.

SUDDHAM CA,the pure also,

ATISUDDHAM-SUDDHAM ITI,(as) the extra-pure and the pure,
DVIVIDHAM,of two kinds,
TATHA,likewise,
ASUDDHAM-CA,the impure also,
ASUDDHA-SUDDHAM ASUDDHA ASUDDHAM (ITI DVIVIDHAM) UCHYATE,pure-impure and
impure-impure are spoken of

3. atisuddham tridha pascadvare caikam variyasi

ekamekam varisthe'tha suddham brahmavidisthitam

The extra-pure is again of three kinds -

One is the elect, one is the more elect,
One is the most elect - while the pure
Exists in the (simple) knower of the Absolute.

ATISUDDHAM,the extra-pure,
PASCAT TRIDHA,again is of three kinds,
EKAM VARE,one in the elect (knower of the absolute),
EKAM VARIYASI,one in the more elect (superior knower of the absolute),
EKAM VARISHTHE,one in the most elect (most superior knower of the
absolute),
STHA,while,
SUDDHAM,the pure,
BRAHMAVIDI CA STHITAM,exists in the (simple) knower of the absolute

4. asuddhasuddham virajastamo'nyatsarajastamaha
mumuksau prathamam vidyat dvitiyam siddhikamisu

The impure - pure is without passion and inertia,

- the other is with passion and inertia.
The former as in one who desires liberation,
While the latter as in one who desire psychic powers is to be known.

ASUDDHA-SUDDHAM,the impure-pure,
VIRAJAS-TAMAH,is without passion and inertia,
ANYAT,the other (i.e. the impure-impure),
SARAJAS-TAMAH,is with passion and inertia,
PRATHAMAM,the former,
MUMUKSHAU,(as) in one who desires liberation,
DVITIYAM,the latter,
SIDDHIKAMESU,(as) in those who desire psychic powers,
VIDYAT,is to be known

5. dagdhva jnanagnina sarvamuddisya jagatam hitam

karoti vidhivatkarma brahmavidbrahmani sthitah

Established in the Absolute, a knower of the Absolute,

By the fire of wisdom having burnt everything up,
Aiming at the good of the world,
Performs action according to what is considered as right.

BRAHMANI STHITAH,established in the absolute,

BRAHMAVIT,a knower of the absolute,(i.e.a man who is emancipated while still alive),
JNANAGNINA,by the fire of wisdom,
SARVAM DAGDHVA,having burnt everything up,
JAGATAM HITAM UDDISYA,aiming at the good of the world,
VIDHIVAT KARMA KAROTI,performs actions according to what is considered as right
6. samnasya sarvakarmani satatam brahmanisthaya
yascaratyavanau dehayatrayai brahmavidvarah

(He who) renouncing all action,

Always established in the Absolute,
Continues the course of the bodily life,
In the world - (he) is the elect knower of the Absolute.

YAH,he who,
SARVA-KARMANI SAMNASYA,renouncing all action,
SATATAM BRAHMANISHTHAYA,always established in the absolute,
DEHA YATRA YAI,continuing the course of the daily life,
AVANAU CARATI,wandering in the world,
(SAH) BRAHMAVIDVARAH,(he) is the elect knower of the absolute

7. anyena vedito vetti na vetti svayameva yah

sa variyan sada brahmanirvanamayam asnute

(He who) being informed by another is able to know,

But (he) himself does not know-
He is the more elect, who always
Enjoys absorption in the Absolute.

YAH,he (i.e. the the jivanmukta,or man attaining liberation while

still alive,
ANYENA VEDITAH,being informed by another,
VETTI,is able to know,
SVAYAM-EVA,then by himself,
NA VETTI,does not know,
SAH VARIYAN,he is the more elect,
AYAM,such a one,
SADA,always,
BRAHMANIRVANAM,absorption in the absolute,
ASNUTE,enjoys

8. svayam na vetti kincinna vedito'pi tathaiva yah

sa varisthah sada vrttisunyo'yam brahma kevalam

(He who) by himself does not know anything,

And even when made to know (knows) not -
Such a one, always void of activity,
The most elect, is the Absolute alone (in itself).

YAH,he who,
SVAYAM,by himself,
KINCIT,anything,
NA VETTI,does not know,
TATHAIVA VEDITAH-API,and likewise even when made to know,
NA (VETTI),(he) knows not,
SA VARISHTHAH,he is the most elect,
NYAM,such a one,
VRITTI-SUNYAH,void of activity,
KEVALAM BRAHMA,is the absolute alone (in himself)

9. heyopadeyata nahyasya'tma va svaprakasakah

iti matva nivartteta vrttirnavarttate punah

Of this (world) there is certainly nothing to be accepted or rejected,

As for the Self, it is self-luminous.
Having understood (thus), one should withdraw (from all functionings),
Thereafter, function does not repeat (itself).

ASYA,of this (world),

HEYA UPADEYATA,rejection or acceptance,
NA-HI,certainly there is not,
ATMA-VA,as for the self,
SVA PRAKASAKAHA,it is self-luminous,
ITI MATVA,having understood thus,
NIVARTTETA,one should withdraw (from all activity),
PUNAH,thereafter,
VRITTIH,function,
NA AVARTATE,does not repeat (itself)

10. ekameva'dvitiyam brahmasti nanyanna samsayah

iti vidvannivartteta dvaitannavartate punah.

The one Absolute alone there is without a second,

Nothing else there is, no doubt herein.
Having thus understood, the well-instructed one
From duality should withdraw, (he) does not return again.

ADVITIYAM,without a second,
BRAHMA EKAM-EVA (ASTI),one absolute alone (there is),
NA ANYAT ASTI,nothing else there is,
(ATRA) NA SAMSAYAH,(here) is no doubt,
ITI MATVA,having thus understood,
VIDVAN,the well-instructed one,
(ATRA) NA SAMSAYAH,(here) is no doubt,
ITI MATVA,having thus understood,
VIDVAN,the well-instructed one,
DVAITAT,from duality,
NIVARTTETA,should withdraw,
(SAH) PUNAH NA-AVARTTATE,(he) does not return again

|| ॐ तत ् सत ् ||
.

  #2  
 07 November 2009, 05:43 AM
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Re: दर्शनमाला- Darsana Mala-Nārāyana Guru (नारायण गुरु)

Darsana Mala by Shri. Narayana Gurudevan (Translated by Nataraja Guru)

DARSANA MALA (Only English text for easier reading)

I. VISION BY SUPPOSITION

In the beginning, there was

Non-existence indeed!
Dream-wise then again, by mere willing
Everything existent created He, the Lord supreme.

In the beginning, in the form of incipient memory factors,

All this remained. Then the Lord,
By his own power of false presentiment, like a magician,
Created all this world of change.

This world before creation was

Latent within Himself,
Thereafter, like a sprout from seed,
From Himself, by His power, by itself it was created.

The power, however, as of two kinds

Is to be known, as the bright and the dark;
There is no co-existence between these two,
As with light and darkness.

In the beginning, this world,

Which was in the form of mind stuff, like a picture
Achieved with all this picturesque variety,
Like an artist, the Lord.

Potentially, what even as Nature remained

Like the psychic powers of Yoga-
Like a Yogi did He, the Lord of the world, work out
His varied psychic powers thereafter.

When Self-knowledge shrinks,

Then prevails nescience fearful;
Ghost-like, taking name and form,
In most terrible fashion looms here.
Terrible and empty of content
Like a city infernal,
Even as such a marvel
Did the Lord make the whole universe

If from a sun in graded succession

This world came; such was not the case at all.
Presented as if out of slumber,
At one stroke, all came to be.

He from whom, like a fig tree as from seed

Came out this world manifested -
He is Brahma, He is Siva and Vishnu,
He is the Ultimate, everything is He indeed.

II. VISION BY NON-SUPPOSITION

This world, which is both subtle and gross,

And which has come to be from living consciousness,
If existent, then everything is existent;
If non-existent, then it exists as consciousness.

Other than the cause, the effect cannot be,

Therefore, all this is non-existent.
Of what is non-existent, how can there be an origin?
And of something unoriginated, how can there be re-absorption?

To that which origin and dissolution is not,

That is none other than the ultimate Absolute.
That there is origin and re-absorption,
By Maya`s confusion in the Self is supposed.

Because of non-difference from cause,

The effect, how could it have being?
How could there be, for the same reason,
For the cause also, any non-being?

Being an effect, and thus non-existent,

An existent cause there is; the world is thus not indeed.
On the other hand, it is the Absolute alone that is existent,
That dull minds mistake as non-existing.

If one alone has reality,

Another in it how could there be?
If existence is posited in existence, tautology,
And if non-existence is so asserted, contradiction comes.

Dividing all parts one by one,

Everything then is seen there
As mind stuff alone, and as no other,
As thus banishing Maya, relativity, far away.

Thus, it is pure mind-stuff alone that shines,

There is nothing, therefore, beyond pure mind-stuff at all.
What does not shine is not real either,
And what is not real does not shine indeed.

High Value, bliss, alone exists and shines

Therefore nothing else at all,
Thus, everything is of the stuff of the High Value,
And besides this High Value, nothing else exists.

All is indeed existence-subsistence-value,

Here in there is not even a little plurality.
He who sees this as pluralistic,
From death to death he goes.

III. VISION OF NON-EXISTENCE

All this world is of mind-stuff,

The mind, however, is not anywhere.
Therefore, like the blue and so on in the sky,
The world is seen in the Self.

By nescience, which is no other than the mind,

All this world is a presentiment of the will.
This nescience by knowledge gets reabsorped,
Then the whole world becomes a mere configuration.

Here, what a coward finds through darkness

To be like a looming ghost,
The same is seen to be by the wise
Like a dream-world of a waking state.

This visible world results from a willing presentiment.

Where willing is present alone
Is this visible world seen, not anywhere else,
As a snake, too, when alone a rope is found.

Between the will and the mind,

There is no difference at all,
That which is mind and called nescience and darkness,
Like the magic of Indra, is a marvel.

Like a mirage, to a wise man,

The world looms in the Self,
Just as to an infant, by confusion,
A reflected image might real seem too.

This Self, like milk that turns,

Does not attain to another form.
Therefore, the whole universe, as if created
By Indra's magic,exists as an eidetic presentiment.

Maya itself is the prime material cause

Of the world, by that which is no other
Than the Maya-maker, the Self, is all this
Created, as various magical effects.

To the mature mind, this universe

Looms like a sky-forest in the Self -
Even as an unreal puppet-form
To a child would seem contrariwise.

One alone is real, not a second,

What is unreal, indeed, seems as being real.
The Siva Lingam is stone itself,
Not a second made by the mason.

IV. VISION BY NEGATION

What is not real, that is Negation,

Which by itself, as by science-nescience,
Transcendence-immanence, darkness and prime potency
Of nature, in many forms looms.

Just as for the origin of the pot the clay itself is

In its non-being, so too before the origin of the world, as other than the world,
What had no being as the Absolute itself,
Such is Maya, the negative principle of indeterminate possibility.

"The non-Self is unreal, the Self is real."

Thus what looms is vidya, knowledge,
As the reality of the snake appearance
Superimposed on the rope-reality is understood.

"The Self is unreal, the non-Self is real."

Thus what looms is avidya, nescience indeed,
As the erroneous cognition
As between rope and snake.

The senses, the mind, intelligence and the five

Vital tendencies, what creates-
That is the transcendent, indeed, even they being
The subtle limbs of the reasoning self.

Adopting as its own these limbs, the reasoning Self,

By its own negative base of errror,
Imagines itself as if happy or suffering,
In truth, there is nothing at all.

The objective data of the senses, which is the world,

What emanates forth - that indeed,
In the context of the Self, is the immanent,
The basis of all gross presentiments of the will.

As the ignorance about the mother-of-pearl

Is the basis of the silver-presentiment,
So too what in the Self is the basis of the world,
That is known a darkness.

Because of being that aspect of Maya which is a marvel,

By containing all this universe like a tree in a seed,
Or by virtue of its importance above others,
This here is known as the prime potent power.

By its own nature, because in a marvellous way

It diversifies the three nature modalities,
This aspect of Maya consisting of the three
Modalities is well known as Nature.

V. VISION OF CONSCIOUSNESS

Present equally within and without,

In constant bee-agitation,
Consciousness is of two kinds-
The generic and the specific.

As the concrete, the subtle, the causal and the Absolute

Basic consciousness is of four kinds,
So these names even of basic consciousness
Are also applicable to consciousness.

Lo, here, "I am the body,this is the pot,"

Depending on the concrete,
What looms in consciousness,
That is known as the concrete.

Here, what is the consciousness of the body

And the pot, that is the specific,
Likewise too what is the consciousness of "I" or "this"
Is known as the generic.

The senses, mind, intellect, interest items

And the five vital tendencies,
By what are made conscious - that is known as the subtle.
Because of dependence on the subtle.

"I am ignorant: such a consciousness

Is said to be the causal.
Here, that aspect which stands for "I" is the generic,
And the specific what stands for "am ignorant"

"I am the Absolute." Thus what consciousness attains

Is praised as the consciousness of the Absolute.
Here, the element "I" is the generic,
And "Absolute" is its specific attribute.

Where consciousness exists, there the

Object of consciousness exists, where
Consciousness exists not, its object neither.
Thus, both by agreement and difference, certitude comes.

As with the eye which cannot see itself,

So the Self does not see itself,
Therefore indeed, the Self is not the object of consciousness.
That which the Self sees is the object of consciousness.
What is the object of consciousness, that is conditioned,
What is unconditioned, that is not the object of consciousness.
What is conditioned is non-existent,
But what is unconditioned, itself THE EXISTENT IS THAT.

VI. VISION OF ACTION

It is indeed the Self, though self-luminous

And detached, that through negativity
Does action bearing many forms,
Like the dream-agent in sleep.

"I think, I speak, I grasp, I hear."

In forms such as these are actions accomplished
By the supreme Self, which is also
The Self of pure reason and the senses.

From the Self, not different from itself

There exists a certain undefinable specificatory power
By that power, all actions
Are falsely attributed to the actionless Self.

The Self is always detached indeed.

One performs action as if attached due to ignorance.
The wise man, saying "I do nothing,"
Is not interested in action.

The one Self alone as fire it burns,

As wind it blows,
As water it rains,
As earth it supports and as a river it flows.

The one Self alone, remaining actionless,

Moves as upward and downward vital tendencies
Within the nervous centres, indeed,
It beats, murmurs and pulsates.

Here in this visible world, as what exists,

Grows, transforms, decreases and attains its end-
As subject to six forms of becoming-
That is no other than the actionless Self.

By means of the inner organs and the senses

Actions become Self-accomplished.
However, the wise man knows,
"I am the unattached, inner well-founded one"

Because of being an object of experience,

Even the "I" is a conditioning factor,
Superimposed like the mother-of-pearl gleam.
Above everything else, today and tomorrow one alone is.

VII. VISION OF AWARENESS

Awareness is one and unconditioned indeed,
There is also the conditioned.
Awareness without egoism etc.
That is the unconditioned.

That which is accompanied by egoism as if inside,

And which again as qualified by this-ness is
Accompanied by conscious activity,
Such awareness is to be understood as conditioned.

That by which are experienced all things

Of the non-Self, such as egoism, etc.
And even by which immortality is enjoyed,
As the Witness, is Self-awareness.

As innumerable effects of egoism,etc.

What as pertaining to the non-Self
Attains to awareness, that is said to be
Awareness of the non-Self.

Knowing things as they really are,

As when one attains to the truth of the rope,
What makes for such is true awareness,
Wrong awareness is what is otherwise.

By the very presence of which everything looms

In consciousness by itself,
That awareness is indicated as empirical awareness,
And also as non-transcendental awareness.

That function of awareness by which

The means to an end is appraised,
And which arises out of associative innate disposition,
That is inferential awareness.

On going near to an object to be ascertained,

What - in the form of "this is the animal known by such marks"-
Is the functional bassis for certitude,
That is said to be analogical awareness.

That awareness of "I" and "mine"

And that other as "this" or "that"-
The former as vital awareness, and the latter
As sense awareness, is declared.

Designated as AUM, THAT EXISTS,

Attained to unity of Absolute and Self,
Devoid of willing and other functions -
That is said to be the ultimate awareness.

VIII. VISION BY CONTEMPLATION

Meditation of the Self is contemplation,

Because the Self consists of bliss,
A knower of the Self meditates by the Self,
Upon the Self, for ever.

The Absolute is meditated upon

Because it consists of bliss.
Constant meditation on the Absolute
Is thus known as contemplation.

It is even bliss that all do meditate,

No one at all meditates suffering.
That which is meditation of bliss,
As contemplation it is thought.

It is the Self alone that contemplates the Absolute;

The knower of the Self meditates on the Self, and not on any other.
That which is meditation on the Self
Is said to be contemplation.

Bliss, the Self and the Absolute

Are said to be the names of this alone.
In whom there is such sure awareness,
He as a contemplative is well known.

"I am Bliss, I am the Absolute, I am the Self."

In whom, in such forms,
There is always creative imagination,
As a contemplative he is well known.

The wife does not merely adore the husband,

Nor the husband merely adore the wife,
It is self-bliss alone that they adore,
As lodged within every sensuous object.

For the wise man who sees

Thus at any place whatever,
There is nothing at all other than Self-bliss.
Such contemplation verily is the highest.

Towards the Father of the World, to one`s

Spiritual teacher, father, mother,
Towards the Founders of Truth, and
Towards those who walk in the same path;

Towards those who put down evil,

And those who do good to all -
What sympathy there is, is devotion here,
While what here belongs to the Self Supreme is the ultimate.

IX. VISION OF MEDITATION

That which always unites the mind

With the reasoning Self, and also gets united with it,
And which is in the form of restraint,
That is praised as Yoga.

Where the seer, the sight and the seen

Are not present, there the heart
Should be joined, as long as incipient
memory-factors are present:

All this consisting of name-form, knowing

As verily the Absolute, the mind ever merges
In the Absolute, what constitutes such,
As Yoga is ascertained.

The unbroken functioning of reason

Which in the Self, like a streak of oil,
Finds incessant joy - such as Yoga
Is by Yogis recognized.

To which or which order interest the mind goes,

From that or that other into the Self,
Ever restraining it, it should be joined,
In such Yoga here let it be united.

Uprooting those incipient memory-factors of willing,

The source of all human disasters, he who
Together with their varied willed objects
Restrains in the form of Self saying:

"What is seen has no existence as such,

"Thus what is seen is the seer's Self"-
He among knowers of Yoga
Is the most superior.

When the mind-bee drinking

Of the nectar-sweetness of Self-bliss
Is drawn into union with Yoga breeze
And does not flutter, Yoga takes place.

When meditation with gaze fixed between the eye-brows

And the tongue-tip touching beyond the uvula takes place
Then happens that space-freedom attitude
Of drowsiness and fatigue - dispelling capacity.

As of wisdom or action, Yoga in this world

Is of two kinds; and within these summarily
The whole of the further elaboration of Yoga
Is comprised conclusively.

X. VISION OF EMANCIPATION

Emancipation is of two kinds -

What is pure and what is impure.
What is without incipient memory-factors that is pure,
Likewise, what is qualified by incipient memory-factors is impure.

As pure and extra-pure, thus

Are two kinds, likewise,
The impure also as impure-pure
And impure-impure is spoken of.
The extra-pure is again of three kinds -
One is the elect, one is the more elect,
One is the most elect - while the pure
Exists in the simple knower of the Absolute.

The impure - pure is without passion and inertia,

- the other is with passion and inertia.
The former as in one who desires liberation,
While the latter as in one who desire psychic powers is to be known.

Established in the Absolute, a knower of the Absolute,

By the fire of wisdom having burnt everything up,
Aiming at the good of the world,
Performs action according to what is considered as right.

He who renouncing all action,

Always established in the Absolute,
Continues the course of the bodily life,
In the world - he is the elect knower of the Absolute.

He who being informed by another is able to know,

But he himself does not know-
He is the more elect, who always
Enjoys absorption in the Absolute.

He who by himself does not know anything,

And even when made to know, knows not -
Such a one, always void of activity,
The most elect, is the Absolute alone in itself.

Of this world there is certainly nothing to be accepted or rejected,

As for the Self, it is self-luminous.
Having understood thus, one should withdraw from all functionings,
Thereafter, function does not repeat itself.

The one Absolute alone is without a second,

Nothing else there is, no doubt herein.
Having thus understood, the well-instructed one
From duality should withdraw, he does not return again