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    Bma 111 - Basic Mathematics Number Systerms: Φ Therefore, examples are

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    john mwambu
    This document discusses different number systems including: 1) Natural numbers which are positive whole numbers denoted by IN. 2) Integers which include positive, negative and zero numbers denoted by Z. 3) Rational numbers which can be written as fractions and irrational numbers which cannot. 4) Real numbers which include all previous number types and are represented on the x-axis, denoted by IR. 5) Complex numbers which are numbers written as a + ib, where a and b are real numbers.

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    Bma 111 - Basic Mathematics Number Systerms: Φ Therefore, examples are

    Uploaded by

    john mwambu
    679 views4 pages
    This document discusses different number systems including: 1) Natural numbers which are positive whole numbers denoted by IN. 2) Integers which include positive, negative and zero numbers denoted by Z. 3) Rational numbers which can be written as fractions and irrational numbers which cannot. 4) Real numbers which include all previous number types and are represented on the x-axis, denoted by IR. 5) Complex numbers which are numbers written as a + ib, where a and b are real numbers.

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    BMA 111 _1_

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    This document discusses different number systems including: 1) Natural numbers which are positive whole numbers denoted by IN. 2) Integers which include positive, negative and zero numbers denoted by Z. 3) Rational numbers which can be written as fractions and irrational numbers which cannot. 4) Real numbers which include all previous number types and are represented on the x-axis, denoted by IR. 5) Complex numbers which are numbers written as a + ib, where a and b are real numbers.

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    679 views4 pages

    Bma 111 - Basic Mathematics Number Systerms: Φ Therefore, examples are

    Uploaded by

    john mwambu
    This document discusses different number systems including: 1) Natural numbers which are positive whole numbers denoted by IN. 2) Integers which include positive, negative and zero numbers denoted by Z. 3) Rational numbers which can be written as fractions and irrational numbers which cannot. 4) Real numbers which include all previous number types and are represented on the x-axis, denoted by IR. 5) Complex numbers which are numbers written as a + ib, where a and b are real numbers.

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    of 4

    BMA 111 – BASIC MATHEMATICS

    NUMBER SYSTERMS
    This involves the numbers used in mathematics.
    i. Natural Numbers
    These are positive whole numbers i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4…
    The set is denoted by IN
    The set is also called counting numbers.
    ii. Integers
    These are whole numbers, positive and negative including zero. The set is
    denoted by Z
    Therefore
    Z = Z- U Z+ U {0}
    Therefore,
    Z = {….., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ….}
    The set is infinite.
    iii. Rational and irrational numbers
    a
    A rational number is any number which can be written in the form of where
    b
    a and b are integers, b ≠ 0 and the common divisor between a and b is 1.
    The set is denoted by Φ
    1 −1 13
    Therefore, examples are , 3, ,
    2 5 7
    a
    An irrational number is any number which cannot be written in the form of .
    b
    The set of irrational number is denoted by Φc.
    Example of irrational numbers are;

    √ 2, √ 3,√ 5, √ 7,√ 6, √ 11,√ 12


    iv. Real Numbers
    These are numbers which can be represented on the x- axis of the Cartesian
    plane.
    The set includes the combination of natural number, integers and rational and
    irrational numbers.
    The set is denoted by IR.
    The set is infinite.
    In general,

    IN C
    →
    ZC
    →
    Φ U Φc C
    →
    IR

    Therefore the set of real numbers is the superset of all the others number
    systems.
    v. Complex Numbers
    This is the set of numbers which can be written in the form Z= a+ ib where a
    and b are real numbers, a is the real part of Z, b is the imaginary part of Z and
    i =√ −1.
    Recurring Decimals
    These are decimals which endless recurring numbers after the decimal point.
    Examples
    4.22222….
    0.323232….
    5.000…….
    Recurring decimals van be expressed as rational numbers.
    Example.
    Express 1..272727… as a rational number
    Solution
    Let
    1.272727 = n ……………………… (i)
    1.272727 = 100n …………………. (ii)
    (ii) to (i)
    127.272727 100n
    1.272727 1n
    126.000000 99n
    136 14
    n= =
    99 11
    Theorem
    √ 2 is irrational. Proof
    Proof
    We prove by contradiction i.e. assume that √ 2 is rational.
    a
    √ 2= b

    a2
    2=
    b2
    Then
    2b2 = a2 ………………. (i)
    From (i) a2 and a are divisible by 2.
    Therefore
    Let a = 2p
    Then
    a2 = 4p2
    Therefore
    2b2 = 4 p2
    Then
    2 = 2p2 ……….. (ii)
    From (ii) b and b are divisible by 2.
    Since both a and b are divisible by 2 and we assumed that √ 2 is rational, this is
    a contradiction therefore √ 2 must be irrational.
    Theorem
    √ 5 is irrational. Proof
    Proof
    We prove by contradiction i.e. assume that √ 5 is rational.
    m
    √ 5= n
    m2
    5= 2
    n
    Then
    5n2 = m2 ………………. (i)
    From (i) m2 and m are divisible by 5.
    Therefore
    Let m = 5k
    Then
    m2 = 25k2
    Therefore
    5n2 = 25 k2
    Then
    n2 = 5k2 ……….. (ii)
    From (ii) n2 and n are divisible by 5.
    Since both n and m are divisible by 5 and we assumed that √ 2 is rational, this
    is a contradiction therefore √ 2 must be irrational.

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