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    Cec 526 Experimental Geotechnics - Ii: Static Cone Penetration Test (SCPT)

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    rishav baishya
    Based on the given CPT data and assumptions: At 0-4m depth (clay): - γt = 18 kN/m3 - Ko = 0.5 - E' = su x 1500 = 15 x 1500 = 22,500 kPa - su = 15 kPa - φ' = Assume 30° At 4-12m depth (sand): - γt = 20 kN/m3 - Ko = 0.5 - E' = 1600 x qc = 1600 x 10 = 16,000 kPa - su = N/A - φ' = 37° At 12-28m depth (sand): -

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    Cec 526 Experimental Geotechnics - Ii: Static Cone Penetration Test (SCPT)

    Uploaded by

    rishav baishya
    86 views32 pages
    Based on the given CPT data and assumptions: At 0-4m depth (clay): - γt = 18 kN/m3 - Ko = 0.5 - E' = su x 1500 = 15 x 1500 = 22,500 kPa - su = 15 kPa - φ' = Assume 30° At 4-12m depth (sand): - γt = 20 kN/m3 - Ko = 0.5 - E' = 1600 x qc = 1600 x 10 = 16,000 kPa - su = N/A - φ' = 37° At 12-28m depth (sand): -

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    Experiment no2

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    Based on the given CPT data and assumptions: At 0-4m depth (clay): - γt = 18 kN/m3 - Ko = 0.5 - E' = su x 1500 = 15 x 1500 = 22,500 kPa - su = 15 kPa - φ' = Assume 30° At 4-12m depth (sand): - γt = 20 kN/m3 - Ko = 0.5 - E' = 1600 x qc = 1600 x 10 = 16,000 kPa - su = N/A - φ' = 37° At 12-28m depth (sand): -

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    86 views32 pages

    Cec 526 Experimental Geotechnics - Ii: Static Cone Penetration Test (SCPT)

    Uploaded by

    rishav baishya
    Based on the given CPT data and assumptions: At 0-4m depth (clay): - γt = 18 kN/m3 - Ko = 0.5 - E' = su x 1500 = 15 x 1500 = 22,500 kPa - su = 15 kPa - φ' = Assume 30° At 4-12m depth (sand): - γt = 20 kN/m3 - Ko = 0.5 - E' = 1600 x qc = 1600 x 10 = 16,000 kPa - su = N/A - φ' = 37° At 12-28m depth (sand): -

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 32

    CEC 526 EXPERIMENTAL GEOTECHNICS –II

    Experiment No. 2

    STATIC CONE PENETRATION TEST


    (SCPT)
    IS-4968, Part III-1976

    Prof. Sowmiya
    Chawla
    Cone Penetration Test
    (CPT)

    Dynamic Cone Static Cone Penetration


    Penetration Test (DCPT) Test (SCPT)

    Similar to SPT; hammer driven Pushed into the ground @ 1cm/s


    Using cone instead of split spoon Gives continuous measurements
    Gives blow counts @ 1.5 m depth intervals

    Closed ends; no
    samples
    STATIC CONE PENETRATION TEST (SCPT)
    ✔ The Static cone penetration test is also known as “Dutch Cone test”.

    ✔ The static cone tests in a valuable method of recording variation in the in-situ penetration
    resistance of soils.

    ✔ It is useful in cases where the in-situ density is disturbed by boring operations, thus making
    the standard penetration test unreliable specially under water.

    ✔ The results of the test are also useful in determining the bearing capacity of the soil at various
    depths below the ground level.

    ✔ In addition to bearing capacity values, it is also possible to determine by this test the skin
    friction values used for the determination of the required lengths of piles in a given situation.
    STATIC CONE PENETRATION TEST (SCPT)

    ✔ The static cone test is most successful in soft or loose soils like silty sands, loose sands,
    layered deposits of sands, silts and clays as well as in clayey deposits.

    ✔ A complete static cone penetration test up to depths of 15 to 20 m can be completed in a day


    with manual operations of the equipment, making it one of the inexpensive and fast methods
    of sounding available for investigation.
    Apparatus Required

    ✔ A steel cone

    ✔ A friction jacket • The steel cone shall be of


    steel with tip hardened.
    ✔ Sounding rod • It shall have an apex
    angle of 60° ± 15′ and
    overall base diameter of
    ✔ Mantle tube 35.7 mm giving a
    cross-sectional area of 10
    ✔ A driving mechanism cm2.

    ✔ Measuring equipment
    Cone assembly and friction jacket for static cone penetration test
    Tip Resistance
    ✔ The tip resistance is measured by load cells located just behind the tapered
    cone.
    ✔ The tip resistance is theoretically related to undrained shear strength of a
    saturated cohesive material, while the sleeve friction is theoretically related
    to the friction of the horizon being penetrated.
    ✔ The tapered cone head forces failure of the soil about 15 inches ahead of the
    tip and the resistance is measured with an embedded load cell in tons/ft2
    (tsf).
    ✔ The tip of the cone penetrometer
    senses out ahead of itself as it
    induces a local bearing failure of
    the soil it passes through.
    ✔ The tip resistance recorded by the
    instrument is an average across
    this tip influence zone.
    ✔ Therefore, caution should be
    exercised when evaluating in-situ
    strength parameters for horizons
    less than about 8 inches (20 cm)
    thick
    Local or Sleeve Friction

    ✔ The local friction is measured by tension load cells embedded in


    the sleeve for a distance of 4 inches behind the tip.
    ✔ They measure the average skin friction as the probe is advanced
    through the soil.
    ✔ If cohesive soils are partially saturated, they may exert appreciable
    skin friction, negating the interpretive program.
    1 2

    Set up of static cone penetration test: (1) Manually operated (2) Mechanically operated
    Procedure
    • The cone is pushed alone through the soil strata to be tested at a steady rate of 10 mm/sec through
    a depth of 35 mm each time. Cone resistance Qc is recorded.

    • The cone is pushed by applying thrust and not by driving.

    • Then the cone and the friction jacket is pushed into the soil and the combined resistance (Qt) is
    recorded.
    Frictional resistance (fs) = Combined resistance – Cone resistance

    • The process is repeated at predetermined intervals.


    • After reaching the deepest point of investigation the entire assembly should be extracted out of the
    soil.
    • The results of the test shall be presented graphically, in two graphs, one showing the cone
    resistance in kN/m2 with depth in metres and the other showing the friction resistance in
    kN/m2 with depth in metres, together with a bore hole log.

    • The cone resistance shall be corrected for the dead weight of the cone and sounding rods
    in use.
    • The combined cone and friction resistance shall be corrected for the dead weight of the
    cone, friction jacket and sounding rods. These values shall also be corrected for the ratio
    of the ram area to the base area of the cone.

    • The test is unsuitable for gravelly soils and for soils with standard penetration value N
    greater than 50. Also, in dense sands the anchorage becomes too cumbersome and
    expensive and for such cases dynamic cone penetration tests may be carried out.
    • 
    • 
    Relationship between cone point
    resistance and angle of internal friction
    for uncemented quartz sand ( Robertson
    and Campanella, 1983b)
    The friction ratio is an indicator of the
    soil type penetrated. It permits
    approximate identification of soil type
    though no samples are recovered.

    Soil classification based on friction ratio (Sanglerat,


    1972)

    A simplified classification chart (Douglas, 1984)


    A typical sounding log
    • 

    where N = SPT value


    Typical CPT summary logs
    Typical Geologic Profile derived from CPT soundings
    Example 1
    Several geoparameters need to be determined based on the given CPT data collected for
    the South Abutment of a bridge in Benton County, MN (Figure). The groundwater table
    (GWT) was measured at 4 m. Determine all the geoparameters found in Table at depths of
    0 to 28 m. All sand layers can be assumed “drained” with ν = 0.2.

    Note: Assume relevant parameters

    Calculate the following Geotechnical parameters evaluated for Case Example 1

    Symbol Parameter
    γt Soil total unit weight
    Ko Lateral stress coefficient
    Eʹ Drained Young’s modulus
    su Undrained shear strength
    ϕʹ Effective friction angle

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