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    HIS 101 Module 2 Lecture

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    Jonard Pedrosa
    This document outlines a module on sources and criticisms of historical data. It discusses [1] written sources like narratives, documents, and social records, as well as non-written sources like artifacts and oral evidence. [2] It also defines primary sources as first-hand accounts and secondary sources as later interpretations. [3] The module teaches that historians must employ external criticism to validate sources and internal criticism to evaluate content reliability when crafting narratives from primary sources.

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    HIS 101 Module 2 Lecture

    Uploaded by

    Jonard Pedrosa
    51 views4 pages
    This document outlines a module on sources and criticisms of historical data. It discusses [1] written sources like narratives, documents, and social records, as well as non-written sources like artifacts and oral evidence. [2] It also defines primary sources as first-hand accounts and secondary sources as later interpretations. [3] The module teaches that historians must employ external criticism to validate sources and internal criticism to evaluate content reliability when crafting narratives from primary sources.

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    This document outlines a module on sources and criticisms of historical data. It discusses [1] written sources like narratives, documents, and social records, as well as non-written sources like artifacts and oral evidence. [2] It also defines primary sources as first-hand accounts and secondary sources as later interpretations. [3] The module teaches that historians must employ external criticism to validate sources and internal criticism to evaluate content reliability when crafting narratives from primary sources.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    51 views4 pages

    HIS 101 Module 2 Lecture

    Uploaded by

    Jonard Pedrosa
    This document outlines a module on sources and criticisms of historical data. It discusses [1] written sources like narratives, documents, and social records, as well as non-written sources like artifacts and oral evidence. [2] It also defines primary sources as first-hand accounts and secondary sources as later interpretations. [3] The module teaches that historians must employ external criticism to validate sources and internal criticism to evaluate content reliability when crafting narratives from primary sources.

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    Republic of the Philippines

    City of Olongapo
    GORDON COLLEGE
    Olongapo City Sports Complex, East Tapinac, Olongapo City
    Tel. No. (047) 224-2089 loc. 314

    Title: Sources and Criticisms of Historical Data


    Module No. 2
    I. Introduction
    This module presents the sources of Historical Data, the written and non-
    written sources of information or data. It discusses historical criticisms, namely
    external and internal criticisms. The important aspects in ascertaining the authenticity
    and reliability of primary sources upon which narratives are crafted.
    II. Learning Objectives
    After studying this module, you should be able to:
    a. Determine the Sources of Historical Data
    b. Explain how important Criticism in writing the Historical Data.
    c. Master the lessons in Module 1 and Module 2.

    III. Topics and Key Concepts


    Historical Data
    Historical data is the data collected about past events and
    circumstances that pertains to a particular subject. These are sourced from
    artifacts that have been left by the past. These artifacts can either be relics or
    remains, or the testimonies of witnesses of the past. This are also the materials
    from which the historians construct meaning. There are two types of Sources in
    History.
    A. Written Sources – Are sources that usually in written form. It has three
    categories
    a. Narrative or Literature – These sources are chronicles or tracts
    presented in a narrative form, it tells a story or narrates the story of the
    events. E.g Diary, newspaper etc.

    b. Diplomatic Sources – are understood to be those documents/records


    of an existing legal situation or create a new one. This source is also
    called as legal documents. Eg. Laws, Memorandums, Executive
    orders, etc

    c. Social Documents – this are information pertaining to economic,


    social, political or judicial significance. E.g Research findings,
    Records of census, civil registry, etc.

    B. Non-Written Sources – Sources that are not in written form.


    EXCLUSIVELY FOR GORDON COLLEGE USE ONLY!
    NOT FOR SALE!
    a. Material Evidence – this is also known as archeological evidence.
    These artifacts can tell a great deal about the ways of life people in the
    past, and their culture. E.g swords, relics, bones, etc.

    b. Oral Evidence – sources that are transmitted orally. Eg. Tales, folk
    songs, interviews. Etc.
    There are two general kinds of Historical sources.
    A. Primary Sources – are original sources, the first-hand information. The first-
    hand account of an event or period that are usually written or made
    during/close to the event or period. Eg. Diaries, journals, maps, speeches, etc.

    B. Secondary Sources – Are materials made by people long after the events
    being described had taken place to provide valuable interpretations of
    historical events. These are interpreted information also known as second
    hand information. Eg Research papers, Articles, Editorials, etc.

    Historical Criticisms
    Many documents have primary and secondary segments. For instance,
    examining a newspaper as a historical source entails a discerning mind to identify its
    primary and secondary components. A news item written by a witness of an event is
    considered as a primary source, while a feature article is usually considered as a
    secondary material. Similarly, a book published a long time ago does not necessarily
    render it as a primary source. It requires reading of the document to know its origin.

    To ascertain the authenticity and reliability of primary sources to be used in


    crafting a narrative, a historian needs to employ two levels of historical criticism,
    namely external criticism and internal criticism.

    a. External criticism – answers concerns and questions pertinent to the authenticity


    of a historical source by identifying who composed the historical material, locating
    when and where the historical material was produced, and establishing the material’s
    evidential value

    b. Internal criticism – deals with the credibility and reliability of the content of a
    given historical source. It focuses on understanding the substances and message that
    the historical material wants to convey by examining how the author framed the intent
    and meaning of a composed material.
    IV. Teaching and Learning Materials and Resources
    Notebooks, Pen, Laptop / Cellphone, and Internet/Data.
    V. Learning Task
    Quiz.
    A. Answer the following questions write the answer before the number.
    1. The practice of Historical Writing.
    2. The Greek word of History.
    3. The meaning of the Greek word History.
    4.
    5. Three Aims of Verisimilitude.
    6.
    7. History that presents the readers plain and basic information
    8. History that goes beyond facts
    9. The process of critically examining and analysing the records of the
    past.
    10. Who is the writers of history?
    11. The Four steps of
    12. Historical Analysis.
    13.
    14.
    15. The reason why historical knowledge has limitations.

    B. Identify the following if it is written or not-written. Put a Circle O if its


    Primary source, and put a square if it is Secondary Source.
    1. Journal 6. Books
    2. Bible 7. Wheel
    3. Flag 8. Biography
    4. Relics 9. Auto Biography
    5. Bones 10. Songs
    C. Essay.
    1. Does criticism helps the historical data in preserving the authenticity of
    the information? Yes or no? Why and How? (5pts)

    VI. Reference
    Ligan, et al., (2018). Readings in the Philippine History, Mutya Publishing, Inc.
    Reflection part

    What are your reflections on this module?


    4
    Page

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