Aws D3.6M (1999) PDF

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COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

Licensed by Information Handling Services
Key Words- Underwater welding, dry spot AWS D3.6M:1999
welding, habitat welding, one An American National Standard
atmosphere welding, wet welding,
hyperbaric welding Approved by
American National Standards Institute
April 14, 1999
Specification for
Undewate r Welding
Supersedes ANSUAWS D3.6-93
Prepared by
AWS Committee on Welding in Marine Construction
Subcommittee on Underwater Welding
Under the Direction of

AWS Technical Activities Committee
Approved by
AWS Board of Directors
Abstract
This specification covers the requirements for welding structures or components under the surface of water. It includes
welding in both dry and wet environments. Sections 1 through 6 constitute the general requirements for underwater weld-
ing while sections 7 through 10 contain the special requirements applicable to four individual classes of weld:
Class A-Comparable to above-water welding
Class &For less critical applications
Class C-Where load bearing is not a primary consideration
Class &To meet the requirements of another designated code or specification
American Welding Society

550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, Florida 33126

Statement on Use of AWS Standards
All standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American
Welding Society are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of the Ameri-
can National Standards Institute. When AWS standards are either incorporated in, or made part of, documents that are
included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmental bodies, their provisions carry
the full legal authority of the statute. in such cases, any changes in those AWS standards must be approved by the gov-
ernmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws and regulations. in all cases,
these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokes the AWS standards. Where
this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS standard must be by agree-
ment between the contracting parties.
International Standard Book Number: 0-87171-542-2
American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126
O 1999 by American Welding Society. All rights reserved

Printed in the United States of America
Note: The primary purpose of AWS is to serve and benefit its members. To this end, AWS provides a forum for the ex-
change, consideration, and discussion of ideas and proposals that are relevant to the welding industry and the consensus
of which forms the basis for these standards. By providing such a forum, AWS does not assume any duties to which a
user of these standards may be required to adhere. By publishing this standard, the American Welding Society does not
insure anyone using the information it contains against any liability arising from that use. Publication of a standard by
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formation in this standard should make an independent, substantiating investigation of the validity of that information
for their particular use and the patent status of any item referred to herein.
Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may be obtained by sending a request, in
writing, to the Managing Director Technical Services, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL
33126 (See Annex F.) With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS stan-
dards may be rendered. However, such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving
them. These individuals do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opin-
ions or interpretations of AWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an offi-
cial interpretation.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS D3 Committee. It must be reviewed every five years and if
not revised, it must be either reapproved or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions, or deletions) and any
pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are requested and should be addressed to AWS Headquarters.
Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS D3 Committee and the author of the comments will be in-
formed of the Committee's response to the comments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS D3 Commit-
tee to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are
provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from
the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.
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online: http://www.copyright.com

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Personnel
AWS D3 Committee on Welding in Marine Construction
R. D. Holdsworth, Chair Management Systems Technology
K. Masubuchi, Ist Vice Chair Massachusetts institute of Technology
B. A. Hallila, 2nd Vice Chair Avondale industries, incorporated
L. ì? Connor, Secretary American Welding Society
G. M.Cain Oxylance Corporation
C. B. Champney TRW Nelson Studs Welding Division
*S. A. Collins Maine Maritime Academy
D. Cottle R&D Consultants
J . H. Devletian Oregon Graduate institute
l? B. Dickerson Consultant
C. E. Grubbs Global Divers
?V Hanzalek ABS Americas
L. D. Holt The ESAB Group
G. Hutt S l o t Comex Seaway Limited
A. Li! Johnson A. W. Johnson and Associates
L. G. Kvidahl Ingalls Shipbuilding Company
J . L. Matthews General Dynamics/Quincy
C. L. Null Naval Sea Systems Command
S. E. Pollard Machinists incorporated
D. Preston TRW-Nelson Division
T J . Pruitt Tacoma Boatbuilding Company
J . M.Sawhill Jr. Newport News Shipbuilding
A. T Sheppard Tri State Steel Construction, Incorporated
AWS D3B Subcommittee on Underwater Welding

R. D. Holdsworth, Chair Management Systems Technology
E. L. Von Rosenberg, Ist Vice Chair Materials and Welding Technology
ì? T. Delaune, Jr., 2nd Vice Chair Dyn McDermott Corporation
L. ì? Connor, Secretary American Welding Society
C. L. Anderson Sonsub International, Incorporated
*K. Berard American Oilfield Divers
*B. Brown Thistle Well Services Limited
G. M.Cain Oxylance Corporation
J. Couch Oceaneering international
S. T Cuílen U.S. Navy Underwater Construction Team
E Dyhrkopp Minerals Management Service
J. Grantham Welding and Joining Management Group
*A. Griggel Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division
C. E. Grubbs Global Divers and Contractors
A. Harjo J. Ray McDermott, incorporated
S. Ibarra, Jr. Amoco Corporation
*R. lzdepski The Unversal Diver
*E. Klein Cal Dive international
*Advisoi
iii

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AWS D3B Subcommittee on Underwater Welding (Continued)
*i! Kononenko E. O. Paton Electric Welding Institute
*K. Masubuchi Massachusetts Institute of Technology
*D.McKay KTS
R. Murray Naval Diving & Salvage Training Center
D.Ogden College of Oceaneering
J . E. O’Sullivan P P & L, Incorporated
I. Pachniuk Pachniuk Welding Consultants
*T L. Payne Rust Utility Services
T. J. Reynolds Global Divers and Contractors
L. R. Rowland Shell Offshore, Incorporated
w w st. cyr, II NASA, John C. Stennis Space Center
J . Steinmetz Marine Technology Services
E L. Stonum Project Consulting Services
J . M. Sturrock Mobil Technology Company
i? Szelagowski GKSS Research Center
E. D.Waguespack Chevron Petroleum Technology Company
i? D. Watson Southwest Research Institute
7: C. West Welding Engiwering Services
B. J. Wood Mobil Research and Development
*Advisor
iv

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Foreword
(This Foreword is not a part of AWS D3.6M:1999, Specificationfor Underwater Welding, but is included for infor-
mation only.)
In 1975, the AWS Committee on Marine Construction requested the Subcommittee on Underwater Welding to estab-
lish a standard reflecting state-of-the-art technology relative to underwater welding. The first edition of the specification
was published in 1983, with subsequent editions issued in 1989 and 1993.
This current edition is presented in the same format as the 1993 edition except that the SI units of measure are the
standard. The U.S. Customary Units are approximate and for information only. Sections 1 through 6 constitute the gen-
eral requirements applicable to all classes of underwater welds. Sections 7 through 10 contain unique requirements ap-
plicable to each class.
Initially applied as a means of temporary repair for damaged steel-hulled vessels, underwater welding has evolved
into an accepted method of construction and repair of engineered structures. Recent applications include engineered re-
pair and alteration of off-shore structures, submerged marine pipelines, underwater port facilities and nuclear power
plant components.
There are five basic methods of underwater welding currently in use:
(1) Welding in a pressure vessel in which the pressure is reduced to approximately one atmosphere, independent of
depth. (Dry welding at one atmosphere)
(2) Welding at ambient pressure in a large chamber from which water has been displaced in an atmosphere such that
the weldeddiver does not work in diving equipment. (Dry welding in a habitat)
(3) Welding at ambient pressure in a simple open-bottomed dry chamber that accommodates, as a minimum, the
head and shoulders of the welder/ diver in full diving equipment. (Dry chamber welding)
(4) Welding at ambient pressure in a small, transparent, gas-filled enclosure with the weldeddiver outside in the water.
(Dry spot welding)
(5) Welding at ambient pressure with the weldeddiver in the water without any mechanical barrier between the water
and the welding arc. (Wet welding)
No sharp distinction exists between these methods; intermediate degrees of weldment and welder protection from the
water are in use. Metal-transfer characteristics, solidification behavior, weld appearance, mechanical properties, and
other characteristics can vary with pressure, and each method of welding may differ from its usual behavior with con-
ventional surface welding. Special quality requirements and inspection procedures must be established for underwater
welds because of the altered environment and accessibility. This document is intended to define the important variables
associated with underwater welding and to describe welding and inspection procedures so that work of a known quality
level can be conveniently specified.
Four weld classes (A, B, C, and O) are specified herein. They encompass the range of quality and properties currently
produced by application of the various methods. Each weld class defines a set of criteria for weldment properties that
must be established during qualification, and a set of weld soundness requirements that are to be verified during con-
struction. Welds in each class must meet all the criteria specified for that class. This specification does not address the
selection of the class that meets the service requirements of a particular application. The selection of the class of weld to
be provided is to be prescribed by the customer.
Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be addressed to the Sec-
retary, Subcommittee on Underwater Welding, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.
Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may be obtained by sending a request, in
writing, to the Managing Director, Technical Services at the American Welding Society. A formal reply will be issued
after it has been reviewed by the appropriate personnel following established procedures.

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Table of Contents
Page No .
Personnel ....................................................................................................................................................................
...
111
Foreword ................................................................................................................................................................... v
List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................................ x
List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................................... x
List of Forms .................................................................................................................................................................
1 . General Provisions ................................................................................................................................................ 1
1 .1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 References ..................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Purpose .......................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Application .................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.5 Base Metals ................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.6 Welding Process ............................................................................................................................................ 2
1.7 Definitions .................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.8 Welding and NDE Symbols .......................................................................................................................... 2
1.9 Safety and Health .......................................................................................................................................... 2
1.10 Standard Units of Measure ........................................................................................................................... 2
2 . Classification and Design of Welded Connections................................................................................................ 3
2.1 Classification of Welds ................................................................................................................................. 3
2.2 Design ........................................................................................................................................................... 3
3. Workmanship ......................................................................................................................................................... 5
3.1 General .......................................................................................................................................................... 5
3.2 Base Metal Preparation ................................................................................................................................. 5
3.3 Assembly ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
3.4 Confirmation Weld ........................................................................................................................................ 5
3.5 Dimensional Tolerances ................................................................................................................................ 6
3.6 Weld Profiles ................................................................................................................................................. 7
3.7 Tack Welds and Temporary Welds ................................................................................................................ 7
3.8 Repairs .......................................................................................................................................................... 7
3.9 Peening .......................................................................................................................................................... 7
3.10 Arc Strikes .................................................................................................................................................... 7
3.11 Weld Cleaning ............................................................................................................................................... 7
4 . Technique............................................................................................................................................................... 9
4.1 Filler Metal ................................................................................................................................................... 9
4.2 Measurement of Variable Conditions ........................................................................................................... 9
4.3 Weld Temperature Control ............................................................................................................................ 9
..........................................................................................................................................................
5. Quali~cation 9
Part I-General Requirements ................................................................................................................................... 11
5.1 Approved Procedure ................................................................................................................................... 11
5.2 Previous Qualification ................................................................................................................................ 11
5.3 Performance Qualification .......................................................................................................................... 11
5.4 Qualification Responsibility ....................................................................................................................... 11
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Part 11-Procedure Qualification ................................................................................................................................ 11
5.5 Limitation of Variables ............................................................................................................................... 11
5.6 Procedure Qualification Variables .............................................................................................................. 15
5.7 Types of Tests ............................................................................................................................................. 16
5.8 Position of Test Welds ................................................................................................................................. 16
5.9 Joint Configuration ..................................................................................................................................... 24
5.10 Test Specimens: Number and Type ............................................................................................................. 25
5.11 Preparation and Testing of Specimens ........................................................................................................ 25
5.12 Test Results Required ................................................................................................................................. 33
5.13 Supplemental Requirements ....................................................................................................................... 33
5.14 Records ....................................................................................................................................................... 33
Part 111-Welder Qualification................................................................................................................................... 33
5.15 General ........................................................................................................................................................ 33
5.16 Limitations of Variables .............................................................................................................................. 34
5.17 Qualification Tests Required ....................................................................................................................... 39
5.18 Method of Testing ....................................................................................................................................... 39
5.19 Test Results Required ................................................................................................................................. 46
5.20 Retests ......................................................................................................................................................... 46
5.21 Period of Effectiveness ............................................................................................................................... 46
5.22 Records ....................................................................................................................................................... 46
6. Inspection ............................................................................................................................................................ 49
Part I-General Requirements ................................................................................................................................... 49
6.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................ 49
6.2 Inspection of Materials ............................................................................................................................... 49
6.3 Inspection of Equipment ............................................................................................................................. 49
6.4 Verification of Procedure and Performance Qualification.......................................................................... 49
6.5 Inspection of Work and Records ................................................................................................................. 49
6.6 Obligations of Contractor ............................................................................................................................
6.7 Inspection Methods ..................................................................................................................................... 50
6.8 Inspection Personnel Qualification ............................................................................................................. 50
Part II-Visual Examination ...................................................................................................................................... 51
6.9 General ........................................................................................................................................................ 51
6.10 Procedure .................................................................................................................................................... 51
Part 111-Radiographic Examination .......................................................................................................................... 51
6.1 1 General ........................................................................................................................................................ 51
6.12 Procedure .................................................................................................................................................... 51
Part IV-Ultrasonic Examination .............................................................................................................................. 52
6.13 General ........................................................................................................................................................ 52
6.14 Procedure .................................................................................................................................................... 52
Part V-Magnetic Particle Examination .................................................................................................................... 55
6.15 General ........................................................................................................................................................ 55
6.16 Procedure .................................................................................................................................................... 56
Part VI-Eddy Current Examination ......................................................................................................................... 56
6.17 General ........................................................................................................................................................ 56
6.18 Procedure .................................................................................................................................................... 56
7. Class A Welds ...................................................................................................................................................... 57
7.1 Application .................................................................................................................................................. 57
Part I-Procedure Qualification ................................................................................................................................. 57
7.2 Testing Requirements.................................................................................................................................. 57
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7.3 Groove Welds .............................................................................................................................................. 57

7.4 Fillet Welds ................................................................................................................................................. 61
Part II-Welder Qualification .................................................................................................................................... 62
7.6 Groove Welds .............................................................................................................................................. 62
7.7 Fillet Welds ................................................................................................................................................. 63
Part III-Examination ................................................................................................................................................ 63
7.8 Examination Requirements ......................................................................................................................... 63
7.9 Visual Acceptance Criteria ......................................................................................................................... 66
7.10 Radiographic and Macroetch Test Acceptance Criteria .............................................................................. 66
7.11 Surface Examination Acceptance Criteria .................................................................................................. 66
7.12 Ultrasonic Examination Acceptance Criteria ............................................................................................. 66
8. Class B Welds ...................................................................................................................................................... 73
8.1 Application .................................................................................................................................................. 73
8.3 Groove Welds .............................................................................................................................................. 73
8.4 Fillet Welds ................................................................................................................................................. 78
Part Il-Welder Qualification .................................................................................................................................... 78
8.6 Groove Welds .............................................................................................................................................. 78
8.7 Fillet Welds ................................................................................................................................................. 81
8.10 Radiographic and Macroetch Test Acceptance Criteria .............................................................................. 83
9. Class C Welds ...................................................................................................................................................... 85
9.1 Application ................................................................................................................................................. 85
9.3 Groove Welds .............................................................................................................................................. 85
9.4 Fillet Welds ................................................................................................................................................. 85
Part Il-Welder Qualification .................................................................................................................................... 85
9.6 Groove Welds .............................................................................................................................................. 85
9.7 Fillet Welds ................................................................................................................................................. 85
9.10 Macroetch Test Acceptance Criteria ........................................................................................................... 87
10. Class O Welds...................................................................................................................................................... 89
10.1 Application .................................................................................................................................................. 89
Part I-Procedure Qualification................................................................................................................................. 89
10.3 Groove Welds .............................................................................................................................................. 89
10.4 Fillet Welds ................................................................................................................................................. 91
...
VIII

Part It-Welder Qualification ......................... .......................................................................................................... 91
10.5 Requirements .............................................................................................................................................. 91
Part 111-Examination ................................................................................................................................................ 91
10.7 Acceptance Criteria..................................................................................................................................... 91
Annex A-Sample Welding Forms .............................................................................................................................. 93
Annex B-Terms and Definitions .............................................................................................................................. 107
Annex C-Commentas, on A WS D3.6M:1999, Specification for Underwater Welding .......................................... 109
Annex D-Recommended Guidelines for Safety in Underwater Welding ................................................................ 119
Annex E-References ................................................................................................................................................ 121
Annex F-Guidelines for Preparation of Technical Inquiries for A WS Technical Committees ............................... 125
Index ......................................................................................................................................................................... 127
AWS Marine Welding Document List ....................................................................................................................... 131
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List of Tables
Table Page No .
5.1 Welding Variables-Dry Welding by Shielded Metal Arc. Gas Metal Arc. Flux Cored Arc.
Gas Tungsten Arc. and Plasma Arc Welding Processes .............................................................................. 12
5.2 Welding Variables-Wet Welding by Shielded Metal Arc or Flux Cored Arc Welding ............................. 14
5.3 Depth Limitations for Qualification Welding .............................................................................................. 16
5.4 Procedure Qualification-Type and Position Limitations ........................................................................... 19
5.5 Positions for Welder Qualification ............................................................................................................... 47
5.6 Pipe Diameter Groups for Welder Qualification .......................................................................................... 47
7.1 Weld Procedure Qualification-Number and Type of Test Specimens for Class A Welds ........................ 58
7.2 Weld Procedure Qualification-Mechanical Test Acceptance Criteria for Class A Welds ........................ 62
7.3 Welder Performance Qualification-Number and Type of Test Specimens for Class A Welds .................63
8.1 Weld Procedure Qualification-Number and Type of Test Specimens for Class B Welds ......................... 74
8.2 Welder Performance Qualification-Mechanical Test Acceptance Criteria for Class B Welds ................. 77
8.3 Welder Performance Qualification-Number and Type of Test Specimens for Class O Welds ................. 78
10.1 Weld Procedure Qualification-Number and Type of Test Specimens for Class O Welds ........................ 90
List of Figures
Figure Page No.
3.1 Tolerances in Assembly of Groove Weld Butt Joints-Dry Welding ............................................................ 6
5.1 Positions of Groove Welds ........................................................................................................................... 17
5.2 Positions of Fillet Welds .............................................................................................................................. 18
5.3 Positions of Test Plates for Groove Welds ................................................................................................... 20
5.4 Positions of Test Pipe or Tubing for Groove Welds ..................................................................................... 21
5.5 Positions of Test Plates for Fillet Welds ...................................................................................................... 23
5.6 Positions of Test Pipes for Fillet Welds ....................................................................................................... 24
5.7 Reduced Section Tension Specimens ........................................................................................................... 26
5.7A Reduced Section Tension Specimens ........................................................................................................... 27
5.8 Fillet Weld Break and Macroetch Test Specimens....................................................................................... 28
5.8A Fillet Weld Break and Macroetch Test Specimens....................................................................................... 29
5.9 Lap Joint Fillet Macroetch Test Assembly and Specimen Location ............................................................ 30
5.10 Face- and Root-Bend Specimens ................................................................................................................. 31
5.10A Face- and Root-Bend Specimens ................................................................................................................. 32
5.11 Side-Bend Specimens .................................................................................................................................. 33
5.11A Side-Bend Specimens .................................................................................................................................. 34
5.12 Bend Test Jigs .............................................................................................................................................. 35
5.12A Bend Test Jigs .............................................................................................................................................. 36
5.13 All-Weld-Metal Tension and Impact Specimen Test Plate Design and Specimen Locations ...................... 37
5.13A All-Weld-Metal Tension and Impact Specimen Test Plate Design and Specimen Locations ...................... 38
5.14 All-Weld-Metal Test Specimen Design ........................................................................................................ 39
5.14A All-Weld-Metal Test Specimen Design ........................................................................................................ 40
5.15 Location of Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Specimens in Test Weld ............................................................ 40

5.16 Fillet Weld Shear Strength Specimens-Longitudinal from Plate .............................................................. 41
5.16A Fillet Weld Shear Strength Specimens-Longitudinal from Plate .............................................................. 42
5.17 Fillet Weld Shear Strength Specimens-Transverse from Plate .................................................................. 43
5.17A Fillet Weld Shear Strength Specimens-Transverse from Plate .................................................................. 44
5.18 Transverse Weld Shear Strength Test Coupon for Pipe ............................................................................... 45
5.18A Transverse Weld Shear Strength Test Coupon for Pipe ............................................................................... 45
5.19 Bridge Bend Test .......................................................................................................................................... 46
6.1 Ultrasonic Scanning Techniques .................................................................................................................. 54
6.2 Discontinuity Evaluation .....:........................................................................................................................ 55
7.1 Location and Type of Test Specimens on Welded Plate Test Procedure Qualification Assembly,
Class A Groove Welds ................................................................................................................................. 59
7.1A Location and Type of Test Specimens on Welded Plate Test Procedure Qualification Assembly,
Class A Groove Welds ................................................................................................................................. 60
7.2 Location and Types of Test Specimens on Welded Pipe Test Procedure Qualification Assembly,
Class A Groove Welds in Pipe ..................................................................................................................... 61
7.3 Type and Location of Bend Test Specimens for Welder Qualification, Class A Groove Welds .................64
7.4 Test Assembly for T-, K-, and Y-Connections on Pipe or Square or Rectangular Tubing-
Welding Procedure and Welder Performance Qualification, Class A Welds .............................................. 65
7.4A Test Assembly for T-, K-, and Y-Connections on Pipe or Square or Rectangular Tubing-
Welding Procedure and Welder Performance Qualification, Class A Welds .............................................. 65
7.5 Acceptable and Unacceptable Weld Profiles for Class A Welds ................................................................. 67
7.6 Ultrasonic Inspection Acceptance Criteria .................................................................................................. 68
7.6A Ultrasonic Inspection Acceptance Criteria .................................................................................................. 70
8.1 Location and Types of Specimens on Welded Plate Test Procedure Qualification Assembly,
Class B Groove Welds ................................................................................................................................. 75
8.1A Location and Types of Test Specimens on Welded Plate Test Procedure Qualification Assembly,
Class B Groove Welds ................................................................................................................................. 76
8.2 Location and Types of Test Specimens on Welded Pipe Test Procedure Qualification Assembly,
Class B Groove Welds in Pipe ..................................................................................................................... 77
8.3 Type and Location of Bend Test Specimens for Welder Qualification, Class B Groove Welds ................. 79
8.4 Test Assembly for T-, K., and Y-Connections on Pipe or Square or Rectangular Tubing-
Welding Procedure and Welder Performance Qualification, Class B Welds ............................................... 80
8.4A Test Assembly for T-, K., and Y-Connections on Pipe or Square or Rectangular Tubing-
Welding Procedure and Welder Performance Qualification, Class B Welds ............................................... 80
8.5 Acceptable and Unacceptable Weld Profiles for Class B Welds ................................................................. 82
9.1 Acceptable and Unacceptable Weld Profiles for Class C Welds ................................................................. 86
List of Forms
Form Page No .
Al. Welding Procedure Specification-Wet Welding and Dry Hyperbaric Welding ......................................... 94
A2. Procedure Qualification Record (PQR)-Wet Welding Variables ............................................................... 98
A3. Procedure Qualification Test Record-Wet Underwater Welding ............................................................... 99
A4. Welder or Welding Operator Performance Qualification Test Record-Wet Welding Process ................ 100
A5 . Procedure Qualification Record (PQR)-Dry Hyperbaric Welding Variables .......................................... 101
A6. Procedure Qualification Test Record-Dry Hyperbaric Underwater Welding .......................................... 102
A7. Welder or Welding Operator Performance Qualification Test Record-Dry Welding Processes ............. 103
A8. Ultrasonic Examination Report Form ........................................................................................................ 104
A8A . Ultrasonic Examination Report Form ........................................................................................................ 105
xi

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AWS 03.6M:1999
Specification for Underwater Welding

i. General Provisions
1.1 Scope ASTM E 426, Standard Practice for Electromagnetic

(Eddy-Current) Examination of Seamless and Welded
This specification covers underwater welding in both Tubular Products Austenitic Stainless Steel and Simi-
dry and wet environments. Operations required at the lar Alloys
surface related to and in support of underwater welding ASTM E 709, Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination
are within the scope of this document, but welding above ASTM E 1219, Standard Test Method for Fluorescent
the surface is not. All provisions of this document apply Liquid Penetrant Examination Using the Solvent-
equally to new construction and to modification and re- Removable Process
pair of existing structures underwater. ASTM E 1220, Standard Test Method for visible Liquid
Penetrant Examination Using the Solvent-Removable
1.2 References Process
ASTM E 1416, Standard Test Method for Radioscopic
It shall be the responsibility of the Customer to spec- Examination of Weldments
ify the appropriate editions of the standards referenced in ASTM E 1444, Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle
this specification. The following documents are incorpo- Examination
rated by reference: I S 0 148, S t e e l x h a r p y Impact Test (V-Notch)
ANSIIAWS A2.4, Standard Symbols for Welding, Braz- IS0 3452, Non-destructive Testingqenetrant Inspec-
ing, and Nondestructive Testing tion-General Principles
ANSIIAWS A3.0, Standard Method for Standard Welding I S 0 4136, Fusion Welded Butt Joints in Steel-Trans-
Terms and Definitions verse Tensile Test
ANSIIAWS B4.0, Mechanical Testing of Welds I S 0 4969, Steel-Macroscopic Examination by Etching
ANSIIAWS D1.1, Structural Welding Code-Steel with Strong Mineral Acids
API RP2X, Recommended Practice for Ultrasonic and I S 0 6892, Metallic Materials-Tensile Testing at Ambient
Magnetic Examination of Offshore Structural Fabri- Temperature
cation and Guidelines for Qualification of Technicians I S 0 6947, Welds-Working Positions4efinitions of
ASTM A 370, Standard Methods and Definitions for Angles of Slope and Rotation
Mechanical Testing of Steel Products IS0 9304, Seamless and Welded (Except Submerged Arc
ASTM E 92, Test Method for vickers Hardness of Metallic Welded) Steel Tubes for Pressure Purposes-Eddy
Materials Current Testingfor the Detection of Imperfections
ASTM E 164, Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Contact ISO/DIS 9015.2, Welding-Welded Joints in Metallic
Examination of Weldments Materialsaardness Testing
ASTM E 165, Standard Test Method for Liquid Pene- ISOIDIS 9016.2, Welding-Welded Joints in Metallic
trant Examination Materials-Specimen Location and Notch Orienta-
ASTM E 309, Standard Practice for Eddy-Current Ex- tion for Impact Tests
amination of Steel Tubular Products using Magnetic QW-470, Etching Processes and Reagents (ASME
Saturation B&PV Code Section IX)
ASTM E 340, Standard Test Method for Macroetching SNT-TC-1A, American Society for Nondestructive Test-
Metals and Alloys ing, Recommended Practice

W 07842b5 0511427 35T II
AWS D3.6M:1999 GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.3 Purpose 1.6 Welding Process

This specification addresses fabrication and quality stan- 1.6.1 Gas metal arc welding (GMAW), gas tungsten arc
dards for underwater welding. This document may be welding (GTAW), flux cored arc welding (FCAW),
used in conjunction with other applicable codes or speci- plasma arc welding (PAW), and shielded metal arc weld-
fications for design, construction, or repair. ing (SMAW) are the principal joining processes addressed
by this specification. These processes may be used, pro-
vided the welding procedure is qualified in accordance
1.4 Application with all applicable requirements of this document.
1.4.1 All references to the need for approval shall be in- 1.6.2 Other welding processes may be used at the discre-
terpreted to mean approval by a duly designated person tion of the Customer, provided the applicable qualifica-
acting for and in behalf of the Customer on all matters tion requirements of this specification are met.
within the scope of this specification. The Customer may
designate an engineer, inspector or other(s) to act in the
Customer’s behalf to assure that the requirements of this 1.7 Definitions
specification are fulfilled. The Customer should specify
the authority of the authorized representatives. Hereinaf- The welding terms used in this specification shall be
ter, the term Customer shall be used to mean the party interpreted in accordance with the definitions given in
contracting for the work or the authorized representative. the latest edition of ANSIIAWS A3.0, Standard Welding
Terms and Definitions, supplemented by Annex B of this
1.4.2 In this specification, the term “shall” indicates a
document (AWS D3.6M).
mandatory requirement and has the significance of
excluding the idea of discretion. The word “should” indi-
cates a nonmandatory recommended practice. The word
“may” implies no obligation and expresses liberty or 1.8 Welding and NDE Symbols
permission.
Welding and examination symbols shall be those
1.43 For Class O welds (see 2.1.7 and 5.6), conflicts be- shown in ANSIIAWS A2.4, Standard Symbols for Weld-
tween referenced documents and this document shall be ing, Brazing, and Nondestructive Examination. Special
brought to the attention of the Customer for disposition. conditions shall be fully explained by added notes or
in general, the referenced documents may take prece- details.
dence in matters not affected by the underwater environ-
ment. However, this document shall take precedence in
matters related to the underwater welding environment
and working conditions. 1.9 Safety and Health
This document is not a safety standard and does not
establish specific performance requirements for safety is-
1.5 Base Metals sues or procedures associated with diving or underwater
welding. However, Annex D provides some guidance
1.5.1 The base metals presently included under this spec- relative to safety in underwater welding and cutting. Ad-
ification are carbon, low alloy, and austenitic stainless ditional pertinent welding safety information can be
steels commonly used in the fabrication of steel struc- found in the documents referenced in Annex E. In addi-
tures. The weldability of the steel and the procedures for tion, manufacturer’s safety literature on equipment and
welding it shall be established by qualification. Each materials, as well as other pertinent documents, should
procedure is qualified based on the carbon content, car- be considered. Each contractor must determine indepen-
bon equivalent, and strength of the base metal to be dently whether the safety precautions contained in the
welded in production. Production welding on base metal referenced publications are adequate.
of carbon equivalent or strength above that qualified
shall require requalification of the procedure. (Carbon
equivalent shall not applicable to austenitic stainless’
steel base metals.) 1.10 Standard Units of Measure
1.5.2 This specification may be used for welding of other The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
base metals. in such cases, applicability of specific re- standard. United States Customary Units, shown paren-
quirements shall be determined by the Customer. thetically, may be approximate and are for information.

= 078Y265 0511428 2îb I AWS D3.6M:1999
2. Classification and Design of Welded Connections
2.1 Classification of Welds 2.1.5 Class B Welds. Class B underwater welds are in-
tended for less critical applications where lower ductility,
2.1.1 A weld class specifies a level of serviceability and moderate porosity, and other limited discontinuities can
a set of required properties, as defined by mechanical be tolerated. The unique requirements for Class B welds
tests, surface appearance, and nondestructive examina- are specified in section 8. The suitability of a Class B
tion requirements, to which welds of a given class must weld for a particular application should be evaluated on a
conform. “Fitness for Purpose” basis.
2.1.2 In any solicitation for work, contract, or bid, the 2.1.6 Class C Welds. Class C underwater welds need
Customer shall specify each weld class and any supple- only satisfy lesser requirements than class A, B, and O
mentary requirements for the proposed work. All welds and are intended for applications where the load-bearing
produced in accordance with this specification shall be function is not a primary consideration. The unique re-
made in accordance with a qualified welding procedure quirements for Class C welds are specified in section 9.
and shall meet the general requirements applicable to all Selection of a Class C weld shall include a determination
weld classes specified in sections 1 through 6 and the that its use will not impair the integrity of the primary
unique requirements for one or more of the weld classes structure by creating fracture-initiation sites.
specified in this section. Each designated weld must
2.1.7 Class O Welds. Class O underwater welds must
meet all the requirements for the weld class specified.
meet the requirements of some designated code or speci-
2.1.3 Toughness and hardness of weldments that are fication, as well as additional requirements, defined
made underwater may be significantly different from herein, to cope with the underwater welding environment
those properties of similar weldments made above the and working conditions. The unique requirements for
surface. The Customer may specify supplemental re- Class O welds are specified in section 10. The Customer
quirements for any class of weld. shall specify the standard that applies to this class of
weld.
2.1.4 Class A Welds. Class A underwater welds are in-
tended to be suitable for applications and design stresses
comparable to their conventional surface welding counter- 2.2 Design
parts by virtue of specifying comparable properties and This specification does not address design consider-
testing requirements. The unique requirements for Class ations such as arrangement of parts or stress calculations.
A welds are specified in section 7. Additional require- The Customer shall determine the service conditions, the
ments may be appropriate for critical applications, and required performance level, and the appropriate design
should be agreed to in advance and specified in the con- stress level. The Customer shall specify the weld class,
tract document. inspection method, and acceptance criteria.

07134265 051iL429 122 W
AWS D3,6M:1999
3. Workmanship
3.1 General ification. Alternatively, the tolerances given on Figure

3.1 may be applied to groove welds. In either case, the
All welds produced in accordance with this specifica- qualified welding procedure shall define the limits.
tion shall be examined using the criteria specified for the Where irregularities prevent alignment or fit-up to
particular weld class. This requirement is met when the limits identified in the qualified welding procedure, al-
results of all required examinations are submitted to and ternative methods may be used to achieve the limits, sub-
accepted by the Customer. ject to the Customer’s approval. Welding procedures
utilized to achieve acceptable fit shall be qualified under
3.2 Base Metal Preparation the rules of this specification.
When the joint includes a backing bar, the separation
3.2.1 Corrosion pits or other discontinuities that would between faying surfaces of butt joints landing on a back-
adversely affect the integrity of the weld shall be re-
ing shall not exceed 1.5 mm (1/16 in.). Where irregulari-
paired. When repair by welding is required, the welding
ties prevent alignment or fit-up to limits qualified in the
procedure shall be qualified to the specification require- welding procedure, the methods used to meet those limits
ments of 5. Qualification for the weld class specified.
shall be subject to the Customer’s approval. Welding pro-
The repair procedure shall be submitted to the Customer
cedures required to achieve the correct fit are also re-
for approval before weld repair begins. The surfaces to be
quired to be qualified under the rules of this specification.
welded and the surfaces adjacent to the weld shall be free
from scale, paint, marine growth, or other foreign matter. 33.1.2 The parts to be joined by fillet welds shall be
3.2.2 In the repair of excessive discontinuities observed brought into as close contact as practical. The root open-
on cut edges, such as entrapped slag, refractory inclu- ing shall not exceed the maximum permitted by the qual-
sions, deoxidation products, porosity, or blow holes, the ified welding procedure. If the root opening cannot be
amount of metal removed shall be the minimum neces- closed to meet this tolerance, a suitable compensating
sary to eliminate the discontinuity, unless otherwise technique approved by the Customer shall be required.
specified in the repair procedure. Any increase in the size of the root opening beyond
1.5 mm (1/16 in.) shall require that the leg of the fillet
3.23 Laminations in plate edges may, with the approval
weld be increased by a similar amount.
of the Customer, be repaired by welding. The repair shall
include complete removal of the lamination or removal 3.3.2 Wet Welding. Joint assembly tolerances shall be
of metal to a distance equal to the lesser of half of the developed during welding procedure qualification. The
base-metal thickness or 10 mm (3/8 in.) from the original assembly and fit-up tolerances shall be defined in the
prepared edge, using a method described in the approved qualified welding procedure and approved by the Cus-
repair procedure. Welding shall be performed with pro- tomer prior to the start of production welding.
cedures qualified for production welding or with proce-
dures qualified specifically for the repair. The Customer
shall be notified before repair commences. 3.4 Confirmation Weld
Unless otherwise specified by the Customer, the re-
3.3 Assembly quirements of 3.4.1,3.4.2,3.4.3, and 3.4.4 apply.
33.1 Dry Welding 3.4.1 General. Prior to production underwater welding, a
33.1.1 Tolerances for the weld preparation and joint confirmation weld test shall be satisfactorily completed.
fit-up shall be developed during welding procedure qual- The confirmation weld shall be satisfactorily completed

AWS D3.6M:1999
= 07842b5 0533430 944 = WORKMANSH IP
+lo" +lo"
f i 0.8 mm
( f i 1/32 in.)
R i l . 5 mm
(R i 1/16 in.) -)1 R + 6.5 mm (1/4 in.)
R - 1.5 mm (- 1/16 in.)
(A) GROOVE WELD WITHOUT BACKING- (B) GROOVE WELD WITH B A C K I N G

NOT BACKGOUGED NOT BACKGOUGED
+lo"
t
R + 1.5 mm (1116 in.)
R - 3.0 mm (- 1/8 in.)
(C) GROOVE WELD WITHOUT BACKING-

BACKGOUGED
Notes:
a - groove angle
Fi - root opening
f -root face
The groove configurations shown are for illustration only.
Figure 3.1-Tolerances in Assembly of Groove Weld Butt Joints-Dry Welding
at the job site and at the depth at which production weld- made in the position in production in which the majority
ing will take place. At least one confirmation weld, of welding will be done or as directed by the Customer.
excluding automated welding, shall be satisfactorily
completed for each welding system to be used during 3.4.4 Examination Requirements. Each confirmation
production. The confirmation test weld shall be a fillet weld shall undergo visual inspection and fillet break test-
break weld conforming to the requirements of section ing, except that Class C welds require only visual exami-
5.11.7 except that the length shall be a minimum of nation. Macroetch testing shall not be required. The test
200 mm (8 in.). Unless otherwise specified by the Cus- plate may be cut into smaller sections by any convenient
tomer, the requirements of 3.4.2, 3.4.3, and 3.4.4 apply. means (e.g., oxygen-acetylene) to facilitate breaking.
However, cutting shall not interfere with evaluation of
3.4.2 Base Metals. The base metal for the confirmation the root pass start and stop. Acceptance criteria shall be
weld should be 10 mm (3/8 in.) minimum thickness and as specified in sections 7,8,9, or 10 for the class of weld.
carbon equivalent within 0.05 of the maximum CE of the
base metal welded in production.
3.43 Position. Where the production weld is to be made 3.5 Dimensional Tolerances
in only one welding position, the confirmation weld shall
be made in that position. Where welding in more than The sizes and lengths of welds shall not be smaller
one position is necessary, the confirmation weld shall be than those specified. Fillet weld sizes shall not exceed

07842b5 05LL43L 880 E
WORKMANSHIP AWS 03.6M:1999
the specified sizes by more than 25 percent or 3 mm thickness is violated, the thickness shall be restored by
(1/8 in.), whichever is greater. The lengths of the weld welding, using a qualified procedure.
shall not exceed the specified length by more than
3.83 Prior approval shall be obtained from the Customer
25 mm (1 in.) or 15 percent, whichever is greater, with-
for all corrections. The repaired or replaced weld shall be
out the Customer’s approval. The location of welds shall
reinspected using the technique and acceptance criteria
not be changed without the approval of the Customer.
as originally specified.
3.8.4 The correction shall be in accordance with the orig-
3.6 Weld Profiles inal welding procedure or with a procedure prepared spe-
cifically for the repair, and qualified in accordance with
All welds must be neat and workmanlike in appear- this specification.
ance and shall, as a minimum, meet the visual acceptance
criteria for weld profiles as defined in Part III of sections
7 through 10 for Class A through O welds, respectively.
3.9 Peening
The root layer shall not be peened. Peening of subse-
3.7 Tack Welds and Temporary Welds quent beads shall be permitted only with prior approval
of the Customer. Care shall be taken to prevent slag en-
3.7.1 All tack welds incorporated in the final weld shall trapment, overlap, or cracking of the welds. The cap or
be subject to the same qualification requirements and ac- toe of a finished weld may be peened with a blunt instru-
ceptance criteria as the final welds. ment, when approved by the Customer, but such peening
3.7.2 The location and dimensions of temporary welds shall be preceded by all required nondestructive exami-
shall be subject to prior approval by the Customer. Tem- nation and followed by an additional examination using
porary welds, including tack welds that are not incor- magnetic particle methods.
porated i n the final weld, shall be removed, unless
otherwise permitted by the Customer. Removal of tem-
porary welds shall be accomplished using a procedure 3.10 Arc Strikes
that does not cause damage to the base metal. Temporary
Arc strikes outside the area of permanent welds
welds not removed shall conform to the requirements of
should be avoided on any base metal. Cracks or blem-
this specification for the class of weld selected.
ishes caused by arc strikes shall be ground to a smooth
contour under the restrictions stated in 3.8.2.
3.8 Repairs
3.8.1 The removal of weld metal or portions of the base 3.11 Weld Cleaning
metal shall be done by a method approved by the Cus-
tomer, and in such a manner that the remaining weld After completion of a weld, the weldment surfaces
shall be cleaned and prepared such that surface finish
metal or base metal is not damaged. The surfaces shall be
conditions will not interfere with inspections or nonde-
restored to a suitable condition before rewelding.
structive examinations to be employed. Excessive slag
3.8.2 Flaws may be removed by grinding. The base- and spatter shall be removed from the weld and adjacent
metal thickness shall not be reduced below the required base metal. Surface discontinuities which could mask
minimum thickness. If the required minimum base-metal weld defects shall be removed.

' = 0784265 0511432 717 AWS D3.6M:1999
4. Technique
4.1 Filler Metal 4.2 Measurement of Variable

4.1.1 After filler metals are removed from their original
Conditions
package, they shall be protected or stored so that their Effective means of verifying variables (such as weld-
characteristics and welding properties are not adversely ing current, arc voltage, and shielding gas composition
affected. Surface storage conditions shall conform to the and flow rate) should be provided at the location under-
filler metal manufacturer's recommended practice, or an water where the welding is to be performed. If not mea-
alternate written procedure shall be submitted to the Cus- sured at the weld location, provisions shall be made to
tomer for approval. ensure that compensation has been made for the effects
of the leads, ambient pressure, and other operating condi-
tions. Records of welding variables to be maintained dur-
ing production shall be as specified by the Customer.
4.1.2 There shall be no addition or deletion of electrode

coatings (e.g., waterproofing) from those used during
4.3 Weld Temperature Control
welding procedure qualification. Where weld temperature control is utilized during
procedure qualification, the procedure qualification
record shall state the required temperature range and the
time at temperature. The method used for temperature
measurement and control and the maximum and mini-
4.1.3 Methods of underwater transport and storage of mum heating and cooling rates at temperatures exceed-
filler metals shall be specified in the welding procedure. ing 260°C (500°F) shall be specified.

œ 07842b5 0511433 6 5 3 œ
AWS D3.6M:1999
5. Qualification
Part I Welders qualified to deposit Class A welds are also

qualified to deposit Class B and Class C welds. Welders
General Requirements qualified to deposit Class B welds are also qualified to
deposit Class C welds.
5.1 Approved Procedure

5.1.1 Procedure Specification. All welding shall be per- 5.4 Qualification Responsibility
formed in accordance with a Welding Procedure Specifi-
cation (WPS) which meets the requirements of this Each Contractor shall be responsible for the qualifica-
section. The WPS employed shall be qualified prior to tion of welding procedures and welders employed in per-
production welding in accordance with the requirements forming work to this specification and shall conduct the
of this section. Satisfactory evidence that the procedure tests required to accomplish these qualifications. Satis-
has been qualified shall be submitted to the Customer in factory evidence that the procedure and welders have
the form of a Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) sup- been qualified shall be submitted to and approved by the
porting the WPS and approved by the Customer prior to Customer prior to production welding.
any production welding.
5.1.2 Procedure Qualification. A welding procedure
- *
specification shall be qualified by testing weldments pro- Part II

duced under actual or simulated site conditions. The test
welds shall demonstrate that a joint of required integrity Procedure Qualification
can be made within the essential variables of the proce-
dure specification. The specific tests required for each
weid class are identified in Part I of sections 7 through 10 5.5 Limitation of Variables
for Class A through O welds, respectively.
5.5.1 Essential and Nonessential Variables. Each weld-
ing variable described in 5.6 shall be designated as either
5.2 Previous Qualification an essential or nonessential variable for each process.
The Customer may accept evidence of previous quali- 5.5.2 Limitations on Essential and Nonessential Vari-
fication, provided all the requirements of this specifica- ables. Changes in essential variables beyond the limits
tion are met. specified in Table 5.1 (Dry Welding Variables) and 5.2
(Wet Welding Variables), require development and quali-
fication of a separate procedure or revision and requalifi-
cation of an existing welding procedure. The qualified
5.3 Performance Qualification ranges of essential variables are those used during the
All persons performing any welding shall be qualified procedure qualification test. Changes may be made in the
for a given weld class in accordance with this section. nonessential variables without requalification of the pro-
Satisfactory evidence that the requirements are met shall cedure. This may be documented by revising or amend-
be submitted to and approved by the Customer prior to ing the original Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)
any production welding. or by preparing a new WPS.
11

m 07842b5 05LL434 57T
AWS D3.6M:1999 QUALIFICATION
Table 5.1
Welding Variables
Dry Welding by Shielded Metal Arc, Gas Metal Arc, Flux Cored Arc, Gas 'liingsten Arc, and Plasma Arc Welding Processes
A. Variables Common to All Welding Processes
1. Joints
(a) Fillet weld to groove weld Essential
(b) Multiple pass fillet weld to single pass fillet weld and vice versa Essential
(c) Omission of backing Essential
(d) A backing thickness change of 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) or 25%, whichever is greater Essential
(e) Groove shape: a decrease in included angle, a decrease in root opening, or an increase in root face beyond the Essential
range specified in 5.9.3
(0 Groove weld to multiple pass fillet weld, subject to paragraph 5.9.2 Nonessential
(g) Fillet Weld Size: For single pass fillet welding procedure qualification, the production weld size (leg length) Essential
shall be 1.5swhere S is the size of the qualification weld and smaller. For multiple pass fillet welding procedure
qualification, the production weld size shall be the qualification size or larger.
2. Base Metal
(a) Thickness: For groove welding procedure qualification with a test plate or pipe thickness, t, the maximum Essential
production thickness shall be 1.5t. The minimum production plate or pipe thickness shall be 0.50t. Qualification
on two different thicknesses of plate or pipe also qualifies all intermediate thicknesses
(b) A change in chemical composition beyond the limits of 5.6.1 except for carbon equivalent. Essential
(c) An increase in specified minimum tensile strength beyond the greater of (a) the all-weld-metal tensile Essential
strength, or (b) the tensile strength measured in the transverse tension test
3. Filler Metal
(a) Filler metal classification or type Essential
(b) Procedure for underwater transport and storage, including (but not limited to) change from internally pressurized Essential
to unpressurized transfer containers.
(c) Addition or deletion of supplementary coatings Essential
(d) An increase in exposure time of filler metal in the qualification depth atmosphere Essential
4. Position
(a) Any change beyond that qualified in Table 4 Essential
5. Weldment Temperature
(a) A decrease in preheat or interpass temperature Essential
(b) A decrease in postweld heat treatment temperature or time at postweld heat treatment temperature Essential
6. Electrical Characteristics
(a) Welding current type (direct current electrode positive, direct current electrode negative, pulsed current, and Essential)
others)
(b) Type of power source (constant current, constant voltage) Essential
(c) Welding current Essen tia1
(d) Arc voltage Essential
7. Technique
(a) Stringer bead to weave and vice versa Essential
(b) Progression up or down Essential
(c) Deletion of temper bead Essential
(d) Decrease in accessibility or visibility from change in dimensions of shroud or components Essential
(e) Change in travel speed or electrode run length Essential
(f) Welding method (manual, semiautomatic, automatic) Essential
(g) Joint cleaning Essential
(h) Addition or elimination of peening Essential
(i) Addition of temper bead Nonessential
ci) Progression direction for the initial pass on joints welded from both sides where the root pass is backgouged to Nonessential
sound weld metal prior to welding the second side
(Continued)
12

0 7 8 4 2 b 5 05LL435 426 =
QUALIFICATION AWS D3.6M:1999
Table 5.1 (Continued)

8. Environment
(a) Change in depth beyond that allowed in 5.6.2 Essential
(b) Back side dry to wet Essential
(c) Change in background gas composition or type or oxygen partial pressure beyond that associated with the Essential
depth allowance in 5.6.2
(d) Back side wet to dry Nonessential
B. Shielded Metal Arc Welding
3. Filler Metal
(a) Manufacturer Essential
@) Manufacturer’s trade name Essential
(c) In root, hot, and cap passes, a change in electrode diameter (standard size) Essential
(d) In fill passes, use of an electrode with a diameter not used during overall qualification Essential
(a) Welding current exceeding +15% of the maximum, or -15% of the minimum of that qualified Essential
(b) Arc voltage exceeding +15% of the maximum or -15% of the minimum of that qualified Essential
C. Gas Metal Arc Welding
3. Filler Metal
(a) Manufacturer Nonessential
@) Manufacturer’s trade name, for ERXXS-G(X) or EXXC-G(X) (AWS A5.18 or A5.28) Essentia1
(c) Manufacturer’s trade name, except classification ERXXS-G Nonessential
(d) Diameter Essential
(a) Welding current exceeding +lo% of the maximum, or -10% of the minimum of that qualified Essential
(b) Arc voltage exceeding +7% of the maximum, or -7% of the minimum of that qualified Essent ia1
(c) Mode of metal transfer (spray, globular, short-circuiting) Essential
9. Shielding Gas
(a) Nominal percentage composition Essential
(b) Flow rate changes exceeding +25% of the maximum, or -25% of the minimum of that qualified Essential
(c) Nozzle orifice diameter (size change) Essential
D. Flux Cored Arc Welding
3. Filler Metal
(b) Manufacturer’s trade name (even if both meet the same AWS Classification) Essential
(c) Diameter Essential
(b) Arc voltage exceeding +7% of the maximum, or -7% of the minimum of that qualified Essential
(c) Mode of metal transfer (spray, globular) Essential
9. Shielding Gas
(a) Addition, or deletion or change in gas Essentia1
(b) Flow rate change exceeding +25% of the maximum, or -10% of the minimum of that qualified Essential
E. Gas ’IiingstenArc and Plasma Arc Welding
3. Filler Metal
(b) Manufacturer’s trade name (even if both meet the same AWS Classification) Essential
- ~~~
(Continued)
13

0784265 0511436 362

(b) Arc Voltage exceeding +7% of the maximum or -7% of the minimum of that qualified Essential
(c) Arc initiation method Nonessential
(d) Electrode (non-consumable) type Nonessential
(e) Electrode (non-consumable) size Nonessential
9. Shielding Gas
(a) Gas nominal percentage composition (shielding and orifice) Essential
(b) Flow rate change exceeding +25% of the maximum, or -10% of the minimum of that qualified Essential
Table 5.2
Welding Variables
Wet Welding by Shielded Metal Arc o r Flux Cored Arc Welding
A. Variables Common to Ail Welding Processes
1. Joints
(a) Fillet weld to groove weld Essential
(b) Multiple pass fillet weld to single pass fillet weld and vice versa Essential
(c) Omission of backing Essential
(d) Groove shape: a decrease in included angle, a decrease in root opening, or an increase in root face beyond the Essential
range qualified (refer to 5.9.4)
(e) Groove weld to multiple pass fillet weld subject to paragraph 5.9.2 Nonessential
(9Fillet weld size: For single pass fillet welding procedure qualification, the maximum production weld size (leg Essential
length) shall be 1.0s and the minimum production weld size shall be 0.5S, where S is the leg length of the
qualification weld. For multiple pass fillet welding procedure qualification, maximum production weld size
(leg length) shall be 1.5S, and the minimum production weld size shall be 0.5S, where S is the leg length of
the qualification weld.
2. Base Metal
(a) Thickness: For groove welding procedure, qualification with a test plate or pipe thickness, t, the maximum pro- Essential
duction plate or pipe thickness shall be 1.5 t. The minimum production plate or pipe wall thickness shall be 0.5 t.
However, if the production weld thickness is 6 mm (U4in.) or less, the test weld shall be the same thickness
(b) An increase in carbon equivalent or percent carbon of the steel above that qualified (not applicable to austenitic Essential
stainless steel)
(c) An increase in the specified minimum tensile strength beyond that qualified Essential
(d) A change in chemical composition beyond that qualified in 5.6.1 Essential
3. Filler Metal
(b) Manufacturer’s trade name (even if both meet the same Filler Metal Classification) Essential
(d) Methods of underwater transport or storage Essential
(e) Addition, deletion, or change of supplementary coatings or waterproofing Essential
. . An increase in exposure time of filler metal in the qualification depth atmosphere
(f) Essential
4. Position
(a) Any change beyond that qualified in Table 5.4 Essential
5. Weldment Temperature
(a) A change in any heat treatment Essential
(Continued)
14

W 0784265 0511437 2 T î W
QUALIFICATION AWS D3.6M:lm

(a) Welding current type (direct current electrode positive, direct current electrode negative, pulsed current, and Essential
others)
(b) Type of power source (constant current, constant voltage) Essential
(c) Welding current exceeding +lo%of the maximum, or -10% of the minimum of that qualified Essential
(d) Arc voltage exceeding +lo% of the maximum, or -10% of the minimum of that qualified Essential
7. Technique
(a) Stringer bead to weave or vice versa Essential
@) Progression from up or down or vice versa Essential
(c) Deletion of temper bead Essent ia1
(d) Change in weld bead sequence Essential
(e) Travel speed or electrode run length beyond the range qualified Essential
(9 Joint cleaning Essential
(g) Addition, deletion, or change in any type of barrier to restrict water access during welding or cooling Essential
(h) Addition of temper bead Nonessential
(i) Progression direction for the root pass on double welded joints where second side is back gouged to sound Nonessential
metal
8. Environment
(a) Change in depth beyond that allowed in 5.6.2 Essential
@) Back side dry to wet if material thickness is 6 mm (1/4 in.) or greater Essential
(c) Back side dry to wet and vice versa if material thickness is less than 6 mm (1/4 in.)
(d) Pressure differential between back and front side of weld greater than that qualified Essential
(e) Water current Nonessential
(9Salinity (salt water to fresh water and vice versa) Nonessential
5.5.3 Electrical Measurement Accuracy. Electrical (1) Specification Limits-The chemical composition
measurements made under qualification and production of the metal may be based on the maximum values per-
conditions will involve different levels of accuracy. Ac- mitted by the applicable specification(s) if it can be dem-
cordingly, the electrical ranges discussed in this specifi- onstrated that all heats of the metals to be welded in
cation are considered nominal values. production were produced in accordance with the refer-
enced specification(s).
(2) Mill Test Reports-The chemical composition of
5.6 Procedure Qualification Variables the metal may be based on the maximum values from
ranges provided by the supplier for the heats of metal to
Variables for welding procedure qualification are be welded in production.
listed in Tables 5.1 and 5.2, and described in the fol- (3) Analysis Using Standard Test Methods-the
lowing sections. In general, for Class O welds, the ref- chemical composition of the metal may be based on the
erenced documents take precedence. However, this actual values as determined from analyses performed in
document shall take precedence in regard to essential accordance with IS0 or ASTM standard test methods for
variables and the extent of nondestructive and destruc- each heat of material to be welded in production.
tive examination.
(4) Historical Data-The chemical composition of
5.6.1 Requirements for Base Metals the metal may, with Customer approval, be estimated
based on the highest values from historical data, provided
5.6.1.1 The chemical composition and carbon equiva-
it can be demonstrated that the historical data is represen-
lent (if applicable) of procedure qualification test plates
tative of all the metals to be welded in production.
shall be determined by chemical analysis.
5.6.1.2 The chemical compositions of all base metals 5.6.1.3 The carbon equivalent of carbon and low-alloy
to be welded in production shall be known or determined steels used for welding procedure qualification shall not
in accordance with any of the following methods. be less than the carbon equivalent of the steel to be
15

AWS D3.6M:1999
= 07842b5 051i1438 135 =
QUALIFICATION
welded in production, as determined by the following 5.7 Q p e s of Tests

formula:
The welded test assemblies required to qualify a
Mn CrtMotV+Ni+Cu welding procedure are described in Part I of sections 7
CE = C + - + (Eq. 1)
6 5 15 through 10 for Class A through O welds, respectively.
The assemblies shall be welded with the procedure that is
When only carbon and manganese are known, the fol- to be qualified, and shall satisfy all the test requirements
lowing alternative formula may be used: for the weld class.
Mn
CE = C + - + 0.05 (Eq- 2)
6 5.8 Position of Test Welds
The values for the elements in the above formulas are Welding positions for groove and fillet welds are de-
expressed in weight percent. Other methods of determin- fined in ISO-6947 or ANSI/AWS A3.0. (Figures 5.1 and
ing the carbon equivalent may be used if permitted by the 5.2 reflect AWS A3.0 requirements)
Customer. 5.8.1 Welding position is an essential variable. Produc-
5.6.1.4 Procedure qualification testing shall be per- tion positions qualified by specific test positions are
formed on material with chemical composition and listed in Table 5.4.
mechanical properties (e.g., equivalent material specifi- 5.8.2 After a groove weld procedure for plate has been
cation and grades) as close as practical to the production qualified in one position, a smaller test plate and fewer
metal, but in no case with a carbon content less than the tests are required to qualify additional positions. The ‘‘first
metal to be welded in production. position” and “additional position” test plates are identi-
fied in Part I of sections 7 and 8 for Class A and B welds,
5.6.2 Depth Range
respectively. The Customer shall determine which position
5.6.2.1 Welding procedure qualification depth limita- shall be used for the first position (i.e., larger test plate).
tions shall be in accordance with Table 5.3. 5.8.3 After a groove weld procedure for pipe has been
qualified in one position, additional positions may be
5.6.2.2 For all welding, qualification at two depths
qualifies for any depth between the two. qualified by making similar welds that are tested as iden-
tified in Part I of sections 7 and 8 for Class A and B
5.6.23 The effects of wave action when welding at welds, respectively. Each procedure shall be tested in the
shallow depths should be considered. manner indicated in 5.8.5.
Table 5.3
Depth Limitations for Qualification Welding
I 1 I
Type of Welding Depth of Production Welding Max. Depth Qualified Min. Depth Qualified
Dry welding All X plus 10 m (33 ft) X minus 10 m (33 ft) or 0.2X,
whichever is greater
Wet welding with carbon or Greater than 3 m (10 ft) X plus 10 m (33 ft) X minus 10 m (33 ft) or 0.2X,
low-alloy steel filler metal whichever is greater
Equal to or less than 3 m (10 ft) X plus 10 m (33 ft) X
Wet welding with austenitic All X plus 3 m (10 fi) X minus 10 m (33 ft) or 0.2X,
stainless steel filler metal whichever is greater
Wet welding with other filler All X X minus 10 m (33 ft) or 0.2X,
metals whichever is greater
16

0764265 05LL439 0 7 1 H
Tabulation of Positions of Groove Welds

Position Diagram Reference Inclinationof Axis Rotation of Face
Flat A O" to 15' 150" to 21O"
80"to 150"
Horizontal B O" to 15" 21O" to 280°
O" to 80"
Overhead C O" to 80" 280" to 360"
Vertical D 15" to 80" 80" to 280"
E 80" to 90" O" to 360"
.. .
I
I
I
..-..
80"
90"
AXIS
. -1
-- LIMITS I
I
FOR E I
I I
I
I
I
I
I
AXIS LIMITS F A C / I
I
I
I
1
I
I
AXIS LIMITS FOR D I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
.. I
.
I
I
_--- --- . I1
-
c HORIZONTAL PLANE _ - - -- - - -
Notes:
1. The horizontal reference plane is always taken to lie below the weld under consideration.
2. The inclination of axis is measured from the horizontal reference plane toward the vertical reference plane.
3. The angle of rotation of the face is determined by a line perpendicular to the theoretical face of the weld which passes through the
axis of the weld. The reference position (W) of rotation of the face invariably points in the direction opposite to that in which the axis
angle increases. When looking at point P, the angle of rotation of the face of the weld is measured in a clockwise direction from the
reference position (O').
Figure 5.1-Positions of Groove Welds
17

W 07842b5 0511440 873 =
AWS D3.6M:l-g QUALIFICATION
Tabulation of Positions of Fillet Welds

Position Diagram Reference Inclination of Axis Rotation of Face
Flat A O" to 15" 150" to 210"
125"to 150"
Horizontal B O" to 15" 210" to 235"
0" to 125"
Overhead C O" to 80" 235" to 360"
D 15" to 80" 125" to 235"
Vertical E 80"to 90" 0" to 360"
.
I 2.
. ...
....
I
I
I
l . .. c
5
i
AXIS
I
LIMITS I
FOR E I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
-
.
c
.-._.._ - -
..
O"
Figure 5.2-Positions of Fillet Welds
18

m 07842b5 05Lk44L 72T m
QUALIFICATION AWS 03.6M:1999
Table 5.4
Procedure Qualification-Type and Position Limitations
Type of Weld and Position of Welding Qualified(4)
Qualification Test Piate(') Pipe(')
Weld Plate or Pipe Positions(5) Groove Fillet Groove Fillet(3)

PA (1G) F F F F
PC (2G) H H H H
Plate-groove PG (3G) V down V down
PF (3G) VUP v UP
PE (4G) OH OH
PA (1F) F
PB (2F) H
Plate-fillet PG (3F) V down
PF (3F) v UP
PD (4F) OH
PA (1G) F F F F
PC (2G) H H H H
PG (5G) V down V down F, V, OH F, V, OH
Pipe-groove PF (5G) v UP v UP F, V, OH F, V, OH
H-, J-LLl45 (6G)(2) F, H, V, OH(*) F, H, V, OH F, H, V, OH(') F,H, V, OH(2)
H-, J-Lû45 Restricted (6GR) All All All All
PA (1F) F F
PB (2F) H H
PB 2FR H H
Pipe-fillet PD (4F) OH OH
PG (5F) V down All
PF (5F) v UP All
Notes:
1. Plate qualifies for welding pipe or tubing over 610 mm (24 in.) in diameter.
2. Qualifies for fillet and groove welds in all positions except for complete joint penetration groove welding of T-, Y-,and K-connections.
3. See 5.9.2 and Part I of sections 7 through 10 for requirements.
4. Positions of welding: F = flat, H = horizontal. V = vertical, OH = overhead.
5. Positions as defined in 5.8.
5.8.4 Plate Groove Welds. In making the tests to qualify 5.8.5 Pipe Groove Welds. In making the tests to qualify
groove welds, test plates shall be welded in the following groove welds, the positions shall be as indicated below
positions (illustrated in Figure 5.3): (illustrated in Figure 5.4):
5.8.4.1 Position PA (1G) Flat. The plates are placed 5.8.5.1 Position PA (1G) Pipe Horizontal Rolled.
in an approximately horizontal plane and the weld metal The pipe shall be placed with its axis horizontal and the
is deposited from the upper side. See Figure 5.3(A). groove in an approximately vertical plane. The pipe shall
5.8.4.2 Position PC (2G) Horizontal. The plates are be rotated during welding, so the weld metal is deposited
placed in an approximately vertical plane with the from the upper side. See Figure 5.4(A).
groove approximately horizontal. See Figure 5.3(B). 5.8.5.2 Position PC (2G) Pipe Vertical. The pipe
5.8.4.3 Position PG (3G down) or PF (3G Up). The shall be placed with its axis vertical and the welding
plates are placed in an approximately vertical plane with groove approximately horizontal. The pipe shall not be
the groove approximately vertical. See Figure 5.3(C). rotated during welding. See Figure 5.4(B).
5.8.4.4 Position PE (4G) Overhead. The plates are 5.8.53 Position PG (5G down) or PF (5G up) Pipe
placed in an approximately horizontal plane, and the weld Horizontal Fixed. The pipeshall be placed with its axis
metal is deposited from the under side. See Figure 5.3(D). horizontal and the groove in an approximately vertical
19

W 0 7 8 4 2 b 5 0511442 btib =
QUALIFICATION
AWS D3.6M:1999
PLATES VEFITICAL;
PLATES HORIZONTAL
AXIS OF WELD
HORIZONTAL
(A)TEST POSITION PA (1G)
(B)TEST POSITION PC (2G)
PLATES VERTICAL;
AXIS OF WELD
VERTICAL
(C)TEST POSITION PF (3G UP)
PLATES VERTICAL: PLATES HORIZONTAL

AXIS ÖF WELD
VERTICAL
(D)TEST POSITION PG (36 DOWN) (E)TEST POSITION PE (4G)
Figure 5.3-Positions of Test Plates for Groove Welds
20

= 07842b5 0533443 5T2
PIPE HORIZONTALAND ROTATED.

WELD FLAT (115"). DEPOSIT
FILLER METAL AT OR NEAR THE TOP.
(A) TEST POSITION PA (1G)
PIPE OR TUBE VERTICAL AND

NOT ROTATED DURING WELDING.
WELD HORIZONTAL (115').
I44
15" 15" (6)TEST POSITION PC (2G)
15" 15"
PIPE OR TUBE HORIZONTAL FIXED (115") AND NOT ROTATED DURING WELDING.
WELD FLAT, VERTICAL DOWN.
(C) TEST POSITION PG (5G VERTICAL DOWN)
PIPE OR TUBE HORIZONTAL FIXED (115") AND NOT ROTATED DURING WELDING.
WELD FLAT, VERTICAL UP.
(D) TEST POSITION PF (5G VERTICAL UP)
Figure 5.4-Positions of Test Pipe or Tiibing for Groove Welds
21

= 0784265 0533444 439 W
PIPE INCLINED FIXED (45" 15") AND NOT ROTATED DURINGWELDING.
(E) TEST POSITION J-L 045 (F) TEST POSITION J-L 045 (6GR VERTICAL DOWN)
(6G VERTICAL DOWN) (T-, Y- OR K-CONNECTIONS)
RESTRICTION RING x
TEST
\ 45" I5"
J
PIPE INCLINED FIXED (45" 15") AND NOT ROTATED DURING WELDING.
(G) TEST POSITION H-LO45 (H) TEST POSITION H-LO45 (6GR VERTICAL UP)
(6G VERTICAL UP) (T-, Y- OR K-CONNECTIONS)
Figure 5.4 (Continued)-Positions of Test Pipe or nibing for Groove Welds
plane. The pipe shall not be rotated during welding. See 5.8.6 Plate Fillet Welds. In making the tests to qualify
Figure 5.4(C). fillet welds, the test plate positions shall be as indicated
below (illustrated in Figure 5.5):
5.8.5.4 Position H-, J-L 045 (6G down) or H-L 045
(6G up) Pipe Inclined Fixed. The pipe shall be inclined
5.8.6.1 Position PA (1F) Flat. The plates are placed
at 45 degrees with the horizontal. The pipe shall not be
such that each fillet weld is deposited with its axis ap-
rotated during welding. See Figure 5.4(E and G).
proximately horizontal and its throat approximately ver-
5.8.5.5 Position H-, J-L 045 Restricted (6GR). Test tical. See Figure 5.5(A).
for complete joint penetration groove welds of tubular
T, Y-, and K-connections-The pipe shall be inclined at 5.8.6.2 Position PB (2F) Horizontal. The plates are
45 degrees with the horizontal. The pipe (or tube) shall placed such that each fillet weld is deposited on the
not be rotated during welding. See Figure S.4(E), and upper side of a horizontal surface and against a vertical
Figures 7.4, 8.4. surface. See Figure SS(B).
22

0784265 05LL445 375 W
AXIS OF WELD
l A@, OF WELD
THROAT
VERTC ,
HORIZONTAL
~ ~
AXIS OF WELD
HORIZONTAL
@/
H 0
NOTE: ONE PLATE MUST BE HORIZONTAL
(A) TEST POSITION PA (1F) (B)TEST POSITION PB (2F)
AXIS OF WELD VERTICAL AXIS OF WELD VERTICAL
AXIS OF WELD
SI
HORIZONTAL
I
I
NOTE: ONE PLATE MUST BE HORIZONTAL
(C)TEST POSITION PG (D)TEST POSITION PF (E) TEST POSITION PD (4F)

(3F DOWN) (3F UP)
Figure 5.5-Positions of Test Plates for Fillet Welds
5.8.63 Position PG (3F Down) or PF (3F Up) Verti- zontal and rotated during welding; the weld metal shall
cal. The plates are placed such that each fillet weld is depos- be deposited from above and at the highest point of rota-
ited with its axis approximately vertical. See Figure 5.5(C). tion of the joint. The axis of the weld at that point shall
be horizontal and the throat vertical. Refer to Figure
5.8.6.4 Position PD (4F) Overhead. The plates are 5.6(A).
placed such that each fillet weld is deposited on the un-
derside of a horizontal surface and against a vertical sur- 5.8.7.2 Position PB (2F) Horizontal. The assembly
face. See Figure 5.5(D). shall be placed with the pipe axis vertical so that the weld
is deposited on the upper side of a horizontal surface and
5.8.7 Pipe Fillet Welds. In making tests to qualify fillet against a vertical surface. The axis of the weld shall be
welds, test pipes shall be welded in the positions indi- horizontal, and the pipe shall not be rotated during weld-
cated below (illustrated in Figure 5.6): ing. Refer to Figure 5.6(B).
5.8.7.1 Position PA (1F) Flat. The assembly shall be 5.8.73 Position PB (2FR) Horizontal Rotated. The
placed with the pipe axis inclined at 45 degrees to hori- assembly shall be placed with the pipe axis horizontal
23

AWS D3.6M:1999
7-
(A) TEST POSITION PA (1F) (B)TEST POSITION PB (2F) . (C)TEST POSITION PB (2FR)
FOR FLAT POSITION FOR HORIZONTAL POSITION FOR HORIZONTAL
(ROTATED) (FIXED) POSITION (ROTATED)
(D)TEST POSITION PD (4F) (E)TEST POSITION PG (5F) (F) TEST POSITION PF (5F)
FOR OVERHEAD POSITION FOR MULTIPLE POSITION DOWN FOR MULTIPLE POSITION UP
(FIXED) (FIXED) (FIXED)
Figure 5.&Positions of Test Pipes for Fillet Welds
and rotated during welding. The weld metal shall be de- a vertical plane. The pipe shall not be rotated during
posited at the highest point of rotation of the pipe, on the welding. Refer to Figure 5.6(E).
upperside of a horizontal surface and against a vertical
surface. Refer to Figure 5.6(C).
5.8.7.4 Position PD (4F)Overhead. The assembly

shall be placed with the pipe axis vertical so that the weld
5.9 Joint Configuration
is deposited on the underside of a horizontal surface and 5.9.1 Joint configuration shall be an essential variable for
against a vertical surface. The axis of the weld shall be welding procedure specifications. (Refer to Tables 5.1
horizontal, and the pipe shall not be rotated during weld- and 5.2.)
ing. Refer to Figure 5.6(D).
5.9.2 A procedure qualified to perform groove welds
5.8.7.5 Position PG (5F down) or PF (5F up) Multi- shall be qualified to perform multiple-pass fillet welds.
ple Positions. The assembly shall be placed with the Single-pass fillet welds are not qualified by groove weld
pipe axis horizontal and the axis of the deposited weld in qualification.
24

m 0784265 0511447 148
QUALIFICATION AWS 03.6M:1999
5.9.3 Tolerances for the weld preparation and joint fit-up be bent a full 180 degrees in a guided bend test jig having
for dry welding may be developed during weld proce- the contour dimensions shown in Figure 5.12. Bend ra-
dure qualification. dius shall be as specified in Part I of sections 7 through
10 for Class A through O welds, respectively.
5.9.4 Joint assembly tolerances for wet welding shall be
developed during welding procedure qualification and 5.113.1 Any convenient means may be used to move
identified on the welding procedure specification. the plunger member of the guided bend test jig, Figure
5.12, with relation to the die member. The specimen shall
be placed on the die member of the jig with the weid at
5.10 Test Specimens: Number and midspan. Facebend specimens shall be placed with the
face of the weld toward the die member and rootbend
TYPe specimens with the root of the weld toward the die mem-
The number and type of test specimens required for ber. Side bend specimens shall be placed with that side
procedure qualification to test the first position and addi- showing the greater number of discontinuities, if any, to-
tional positions, as required by 5.8, for one process are ward the die member.
summarized in Part I of sections 7 through 10 for Class The plunger shall force the specimen into the die until
A through O welds, respectively. Specimens shall be re- the specimen assumes a U-shape. The weld and heat-
moved and tested in accordance with 5.11. Test results affected zones shall be centered and shall be completely
shall be in accordance with Part 1 of sections 7 through within the bent portion of the specimen after testing.
10, as applicable.
5.113.2 When using the alternate wraparound jig,
Figure 5.12 (B), the specimen shall be firmly clamped on
5.11 Preparation and Testing of one end so that there is no sliding of the specimen during
the bending operation. The weld and heat-affected zones
Specimens shall be completely in the bent portion of the specimen
Test assemblies and specimens shall be prepared in after testing. Test specimens shall not be removed from
accordance with the requirements of Part i of sections 7 the jig until the outer roll has been moved 180 degrees
through 10 for Class A through O welds, respectively. In from the starting point. Bend specimens shall be posi-
addition, the following requirements shall apply: tioned with respect to the fixed pin of diameter A in the
same manner as with the plunger member of Figure
5.11.1 Reduced-Section Tension Specimens. Speci-
5.12(A).
mens shall be prepared to the dimensions shown in Fig-
ure 5.7. Before testing, the least width and corresponding 5.11.4 All-Weld-Metal Tension Test. An ali-weld-metal
thickness of the reduced section shall be measured. The tension test specimen shall be prepared as shown in Fig-
specimen shall be tested to rupture under tensile load, ures 5.13 or 5.14. If approved by the Customer, the spec-
and the maximum load shall be determined. The tensile imen may be machined from the procedure test weld. For
strength shall be obtained by dividing the maximum load hydrogen release, the sample may be aged at 95"-105"C
by the cross-sectional area. (200"-220°F) for approximately 10 hours prior to test-
5.11.2 Macroetch Test. Specimens shall be removed as ing. The test specimen shall be tested in accordance with
shown in Figure 5.8, 5.9, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, or 8.2 as applica- IS0 6892 or ANSI/AWS B4.0.
ble. The cross-section surfaces cut from the test weld for
5.11.5 Charpy Impact Tests. The location and orienta-
macroscopic examination shall be prepared with a sur-
tion of Charpy V-notch impact specimens are to be as
face finish appropriate for macroetching. A suitable etch-
shown in Figure 5.13. Charpy V-notch specimens shall
ing solution shall be used to give a clear definition of the
be machined in accordance with ISO/DIS 9016.2 or
weld metal and the heat-affected zone. (Refer to IS0
ASTM A 370. For groove weld qualifications, three
4969 or ASTM E 340.)
Charpy V-notch impact specimens shall be machined
5.11.3 Root, Face, and Side Bend Specimens. Trans- from the weld metal and three from the heat-affected
verse bend specimens, 10 mm (3/8 in.) thick, shall be zone in accordance with Figure 5.15. For qualification of
prepared in accordance with Figures 5.10 or 5.11. Speci- fillet welds, three Charpy V-notch impact specimens
mens may be machine cut or oxyfuel gas cut from the shall be machined from the weld metal only. Specimen
test plates. if they are oxyfuel gas cut, an additional preparation and testing shall be in accordance with IS0
3 mm (1/8 in.) of metal shall be included on both sides 148 or ASTM A 370. The test temperature shall be the
of the rough-cut sample. The sample shall be machined minimum design service temperature, unless a lower test
or ground to the final dimensions. Each specimen shall temperature is specified by the Customer.
25

AWS D3.6M:1999
- 07842b5 05LL448 084
QUALIFICATION
MACHINE THE
DISSIMILAR THICKNESS MINIMUM AMOUNT
NEEDED TO OBTAIN ALL DIMENSIONS
PLANE PARALLEL
-------- FACES OVER THE
REDUCED SECTION
IN MILLIMETERS
THESE EDGES MAY MACHINE WELD

BE OXYGEN-CUT REINFORCEMENT
, FLUSH WITH
PIPE \ I I / / BASE METAL
PREFERABLY BY MILLING
- EDGE OF WIDEST
FACE OF WELD
Dimensions in mm
Test Plate Test Pipe
Less than 150 mm 150 mm (nominal)
Tp s 40 mm Tp z 40 (nominal) and Greater
A-Length of reduced section Widest face of weld + 12, 60 min. Widest face of weld + 12, 60 min.
L-Overall length, min (Note 2) As required by testing equipment As required by testing equipment
W-Width of reduced section (Notes 3, 4) 20 20 12 20
C-Width of grip section (Notes 4, 5) W + 12 min. W + 12 min. W + 12 min. W + 12 min.
Maximum possible with plane
t-Specimen thickness (Note 6) TP Tp/n (Note 6)
parallel faces within length A
r-Radius of fillet, min 35 35 25 25
Notes:
1. Metric specimens may be produced in accordance with IS0 4136.
2. It is desirable, if possible, to make the length of the grip section large enough to allow the specimen to extend into the grips a distance
equal to two-thirds or more of the length of the grips.
3. The ends of the reduced section shall not differ in width by more than 0.1 mm. Also, there may be a gradual decrease in width from
the ends to the center, but the width of either end shall not be more than 0.4 mm larger than the width at the center.
4. Narrower widths (W and C) may be used when necessary. In such cases, the width of the reduced section should be as large as the
width of the material being tested permits. If the width of the material is less than W, the sides may be parallel throughout the length
of the specimen.
5. For standard plate-type specimens, the ends of the specimen shall be symmetrical with the centerline of the reduced section within
6.5mm.
6. For plates over 40 mm thick, specimens may be cut into "n" approximately equal strips. Each strip shall be at least 20 mm thick. The
test results of each strip shall meet the minimum requirements.
Figure 5.7-Reduced Section Tension Specimens
26

0784265 0511449 TL0 W
QUALIFICATION AWS D3.6M:lM
MACHINE WELD REINFORCEMENT ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES

FLUSH WITH BASE METAL
PLATE
THESE EDGES MAY
BE OXYGEN-CUT
EDGE OF WIDEST
FACE OF WELD
L *
6GR SPECIMEN MACHINE THE MINIMUM AMOUNT
NEEDED TO OBTAIN PLANE PARALLEL
FACES OVER THE REDUCED SECTION
--------
Dimensions in inches
Test Plate Test Pipe
Less than 6.625 in. 6.625 in. and Greater
Tp n 1-112 in. Tp > 1-1/2 in. Outside Diameter Outside Diameter
A-Length of reduced section Widest face of weld + 1/2 in., 2-1/4 min. Widest face of weld + 112 in., 2-1/4 min.
L-Overall length, min (Note 2) As required by testing equipment As required by testing equipment
W-Width of reduced section (Notes 3,4) 314 in. min. 314 in. min. 112 f 0.01 314 in. min.
C-Width of grip section (Notes 4,5) W + 112 in. min. W + 1/2 in. min. W + 112 in. min. W + 1/2 in. min.
Maximum possible with plane
t-Specimen thickness (Note 6) TP Tpln (Note 6)
parallel faces within length A
r-Radius of fillet, min 1I2 112 1 1
Notes:
1. Tp = Nominal Thickness of the Plate.
2. It is desirable, if possible, to make the length of the grip section large enough to allow the specimen to extend into the grips a distance
equal to two-thirds or more of the length of the grips.
3. The ends of the reduced section shall not differ in width by more than 0.004 in. Also, there may be a gradual decrease in width from
the ends to the center, but the width of either end shall not be more than 0.015 in. larger than the width at the center.
4. Narrower widths (W and C) may be used when necessary. In such cases, the width of the reduced section should be as large as the
width of the material being tested permits. If the width of the material is less than W, the sides may be parallel throughout the length
of the specimen.
5. For standard plate-type specimens, the ends of the specimen shall be symmetrical with the centerline of the reduced section within
0.25 in.
6. For plates over 1-1/2 in. thick, specimens may be cut into “n” approximately equal strips. Each strip shall be at least 314 in. thick. The
test results of each strip shall meet the minimum requirements.
Figure 5.7A-Reduced Section Tension Specimens
27

0784265 05LL450 732 M
A IC/-75mm ALL DIMENSIONS

FILLET WELD
BREAK
150 mm
/
......
Ø
A'
'i/ I - P I I T 1 IhlC
IN MILLIMETERS
MACROETCH SPECIMEN
(ETCH INTERIOR FACE)
100 mm
STOP AND RESTART

WELDING NEAR CENTER
MACROETCHSPECIMEN
(A) FOR PLATE QUALIFICATION
Notes:
1. t in accordance with Tables 5.1 [Item A.2(a)], and 5.2 [Item A.2(a)]. As a minimum, t = s + 3 mm.
2. L-equal to 300 mm min. for welder performance qualification and for welding procedure qualification.
3. Fillet weld break specimen may be cut in sections to facilitate breaking.
SURFACE M (TYP.)
FOUR TEST SPECIMENS CUT

FROMTEST WELD AT 90"
(8)FOR PIPE QUALIFICATION

Notes:
1. Diameter of d selected from Table 5.6 to qualify for production pipe sizes (welder qualification only).
2. Thicknesses t in accordance with Tables 5.1 [Item A.2(a)] and 5.2 [Item A.2(a)] for procedure qualification and Section 5, Part 111 for
performance qualification. As a minimum, t = s + 3 mm.
3. Surfaces M to be examined for macroetch test. Hardness tests, when required, shall be made on the specimen from the six o'clock
position.
Figure 5.8-Fillet Weld Break and Macroetch Test Specimens
28

= 0784265 051145L 679
QUALIFICATION AWS D3.6M:IW
FILLET WELD
A v-3in. ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES
BREAK
CUTLINE
r FILLET WELD
STOP AND RESTART

WELDING NEAR CENTER
MACROETCH SPECIMEN
(A) FOR PLATE QUALIFICATION
Notes:
I . t in accordance with Tables 5.1 [Item A.2(a)], and 5.2 [Item A.2(a)]. As a minimum, t = s + 1/8 in.
2. L-equal to 12 in. min. for welded performance qualification and for welding procedure qualification.
3. Fillet weld break specimen may be cut in sections to facilitate breaking.
SURFACE M (TYR)
4 in.
FOUR TEST SPECIMENS CUT

FROM TEST WELD AT 90"
(B) FOR PIPE QUALIFICATION

Notes:
1 . Diameter of d selected from Table 5.6 to qualify for production pipe sizes (welder qualification only).
2. Thickness in accordance with Tables 5.1 [item A.2(a)] and 5.2 [Item A.2(a)] for procedure qualification and Section 5, Part 111 for per-
formance qualification. As a minimum, t = s + 1/8 in.
3. Surfaces M to be examined for macroetch test. Hardness tests, when required, shall be made on the specimen from the six o'clock
position.
Figure MA-Fillet Weid Break and Macroetch Test Specimens
29

= 0784265 0511452 505
ALL DIMENSIONS
IN MILLIMETERS
MACRO
(8 in.)
100 mm
MACROS
(4 in.)
I I r r ( l MACRO
a = SURFACESTO
BE EXAMINED
200 mm (8 in.) -
NOTE: THICKNESS ti, AND t2 ARE TO BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH TABLES 5.1 AND 5.2 FOR PROCEDURE
QUALIFICATION AND SECTION 5, PART 111 FOR PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATION.
Figure 5.9-Lap Joint Fillet Macroetch Test Assembly and Specimen Location
When the average value of the three specimens 5.11.8 Fillet-Weld-ShearStrength Test. The specimen
equals or exceeds the minimum value permitted for a prepared for the fillet-weld-shear strength testing shall
single specimen and the value for more than one speci- conform to Figures 5.16,5.17, or 5.18. The specimen type
men is below the required average value, or when the and welding position are to be specified by the Customer.
value for one specimen is below the minimum value Position of welding may have a significant effect on the
permitted for a single specimen, a retest of three addi- properties of the weld, and the Customer should take this
tional specimens shall be made. The value for each of into consideration in design and in selection of the first
these retest specimens shall equal or exceed the required and other positions during procedure qualification.
average value. Before testing, the average throat and length of the
test weld shall be measured. The throat of the fillet weld
5.11.6 Hardness Test. The specimens used for macro- is the distance from the root of the joint preparation to
etch and hardness test shall be prepared in accordance the face of the weld, minus any convexity, disregarding
with ISO/DIS 9015.2 or ASTM E 92. The location of in- any root penetration. The specimen shall be ruptured
dentations shall be as shown in ISO/DIS 9015.2 or as under tensile load, and the maximum load shall be deter-
specified by the Customer. mined. The cross-sectional area shall be obtained by
multiplying the average throat of the weld by the length.
5.11.7 Fillet-Weld-BreakTest. The coupon prepared for The shear strength shall be obtained by dividing the max-
the fillet-weld-break test shall conform to Figure 5.8(A) imum load by the cross-sectional area.
for plate, and 5.8(B) for pipe qualifications. The entire 5.11.9 Bridge Bend Test. The weld test coupons shall be
length of the fillet weld shall be examined visually. For made as shown in Figure 5.19. The coupons shall be bent
plate, one fillet weld break specimen approximately with the weld bead in tension. Bending shall proceed
150 mm (6 in.) long, and for pipe, four (4) specimens until a minimum angle of 20 degrees has been developed
[each containing approximately 25 mm (i in.) of weld] in the coupon on either side of the bead. The test will
shall be tested. The specimens shall be loaded in such a pass if no cracks have opened up in either the weld or
way that the root of the weld is in tension until the speci- heat-affected zone. The specimen is unacceptable if a
men fractures or bends flat upon itself. crack is detected.
30

W 07842b5 0511453 441
QUALIFICATION AWS D3.6M:lgW
t-- 150 (SEE NOTE 1) -4 RADIUS
ALL DIMENSIONS
IN MILLIMETERS
NOTE 2
MATERIAL TO BE REMOVED
f-- - - - - - --
FOR CLEANUP
(PLATE) (PIPE)
TI f \
NOTE 3 _/”
(A) FACE BEND SPECIMEN
t-- 150 (SEE NOTE 1) -4 RADIUS
NOTE 2-v
NOTE 3
LI -1
A t
- - - - - _ . (PLATE) (PIPE)
tA&iAL T o BE REMOVED
FOR CLEANUP
(B) ROOT BEND SPECIMEN
Dimensions
Test Weldment Test Soecimen Width. Mn mm
Plate 40
Test Pipe smaller than 150 mm (nominal) 25
Test PiDe 150 mm ínominalì or areater AO
Notes:
1. A longer specimen length may be necessary when using a wraparound-type bending fixture or when testing bends with greater than
3T bend radius. A longer specimen will be necessary for testing Class B welds with a 6T bend radius.
2. These edges may be oxygen cut and may or may not be machined.
3. The weld reinforcement and backing, if any, shall be removed flush with the surface of the specimen. If a recessed backing is used,
this surface may be machined to a depth not exceeding the depth of the recess to remove the backing; in such cases, the thickness of
the finished specimen shall be that specified above. Cut surfaces shall be smooth and parallel.
Figure 5.10-Face- and Root-Bend Specimens
31

07842b5 0533454 388
AWS D3,6M:1999 ' QUALIFICATION
ALL DIMENSIONS
I-- 6 MIN (SEE NOTE 1) 4 \
RADIUS 118 MAX IN INCHES
(PLATE) (PIPE)
(A) FACE BEND SPECIMEN
6 MIN (SEE NOTE 1) 4 r R A D I U S 118 M A X 7
NOTE 2 _v
MATERIAL TO BE REMOVED
f-- - - - - - --
FOR CLEANUP
(PLATE) (PIPE)
- r i \ /
NOTE 3 ft
318
(B) ROOT BEND SPECIMEN
Dimensions
Test Weldment Test Specimen Width, oiy) in.
Plate 1-1/2
Test Pipe smaller than 6 NPS 1
Test Pipe 6 NPS and greater in outside diameter 1-1/2
Notes:
2. These edges may be oxygen cut and may or may not be machined.
3. The weld reinforcement and backing, if any, shall be removed flush with the surface of the specimen. If a recessed backing is used,
this surface may be machined to a depth not exceeding the depth of the recess to remove the backing; in such cases, the thickness of
the finished specimen shall be that specified above. Cut surfaces shall be smooth and parallel.
Figure 5.1OA-Face- and Root-Bend Specimens
32

0 7 8 4 2 b 5 05LL455 2L4 M
RADIUS 3 MAX
1-3 MIN pb 'O mm 1
- ALL DIMENSIONS
IN MILLIMETERS
i- 3 MIN
IF OXYGEN-CUT, ALLOW NOT LESS
THAN 3 TO BE MACHINED FROM EDGES
WHEN t EXCEEDS 40, CUT ALONG

THIS LINE. EDGE MAY BE OXYGEN-CUT. DISSIMILAR THICKNESS
-----
L--- --- L--- - - Jl I 7 7
MACHINE THE MINIMUM AMOUNT
NEEDED TO OBTAIN PLANE PARALLEL
FACES (OPTIONAL)
t, mm T, m m
10 to 40 1
> 40 See Note 2
Notes:
2. For plates over 40 mm thick, cut the specimen into approximately equal strips with T between 20 mm and 40 mm and test each strip.
3. t = plate or pipe thickness.
Figure 5.11-Side-Bend Specimens
5.12 Test Results Required (WPS) including the results of examinations and tests
performed. The PQRs shall be maintained as long as the
Required results for Procedure qualification testing WPS is used. Supporting records shall be maintained for
are identified in Part I of sections 7 through 10 for Class a minimum of one year unless otherwise specified by the
A through O welds, respectively. Customer.
5.13 Supplemental Requirements Part III

At the discretion of the Customer, supplemental test- Welder Qualification
ing may be specified for qualification of any welding
procedure.
5.15 General
5.14 Records All welders employed in executing work in accor-
dance with the requirements of this specification shall be
The Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) shall con- qualified prior to production welding in accordance with
tain all information necessary to support the essential the requirements of this section. Each Contractor shall
variables defined in the Welding Procedure Specification conduct the tests required to qualify the welders. The
33

= O784265 0511456 150 111
-b 6 MIN 1- r 1 / 8 MIN
ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES
IF OXYGEN-CUT, ALLOW
L 1 / 8 MIN RADIUS 1/8 MAX 1
NOT LESS THAN 1/8 TO BE
MACHINED FROM EDGES
r------ 1y - - \ t- -----
L WHEN t EXCEEDS 1-1/2, CUT ALONG MACHINE THE MINIMUM AMOUNT

THIS LINE. EDGE MAY BE OXYGEN-CUT. NEEDED TO OBTAIN PLANE PARALLEL
FACES (OPTIONAL)
t T
3/8 to 1-1I2 1
> 1-1/2 See Note 2
Notes:
2. For plates over 1-1/2 in. thick, cut the specimen into approximately equal strips with T between 3/4 in. and 1-1/2 in. and test each
strip.
3. t = plate or pipe thickness.
Figure 5.11A-Side-Bend Specimens
welder performance tests are intended to establish each (4) Change in pipe diameter or wail thickness beyond
welder’s ability to make sound welds using a qualified the limits of Tables 5.1,5.2, or 5.6
welding procedure specification. In general, for Class O (5) Change in electrode classification (for example:
welds, the referenced documents take precedence. How- AWS EXXlO, to AWS EXX11) or proprietary type, in-
ever, this document shall take precedence in regard to es- cluding waterproofing
sential variables and the extent of nondestructive and (6) An increase in electrode diameter for wet welding
destructive examination. (7) Change in position from that qualified in accor-
dance with Table 5.5
(8) Change in depth beyond the limits specified in
5.6.2
5.16 Limitations of Variables (9) Change from a mixed breathing gas to air
Welders shall be qualified to weld with each procedure (10) Change in shielding gas beyond the limits of Tables
used for production. A welder shall requalify to weld with 5.1 or 5.2
an appropriately qualified procedure when there are (11) Change in direction of vertical travel from up-
changes made in the following essential variables: ward to downward or vice versa
(i) Change in welding process (12) Change from stringer bead to weave technique
(2) Change in welding method (manual, serni- (13) Where production welding visibility is less than
automatic, automatic) 150 mm (6 in.), unless the welder has already qualified
(3) Omission of backing, but not vice versa with visibility less than 150 mm (6 in.)
34

II 0784265 0533457 097 I
-t AS REQUIRED
I
HARDENED ROLLERS 40 mm IN
DIAMETER MAY BE SUBSTITUTED
FOR JIG SHOULDERS
AS ALL DIMENSIONS
SHOULDER HA
AND GREASE
PLUNGER AND
SURFACES
SHALL BE
MACHINE-
FINISHED.
(A) GUIDED BEND TEST JIG
t+*l
ROLLER ANY '-Q
B = 112 A
I_ '4 /--RUIN
(B) ALTERNATIVE WRAPAROUND (C) ALTERNATIVE ROLLER EQUIPPED GUIDED BEND

GUIDED BEND TEST JIG TEST JIG FOR BOlTOM EJECTION OF TEST SPECIMEN
Dimensions in mm
Bend Radius (B) A B C D
2T 40 20 63 32
2-2/3T 53 27 76 38
3-113T 67 33 90 45
6T 120 60 143 72
Note: For required radius, refer to Parts I and II of Section 7 through 10 for Class A through O welds, respectively. Bending fixture
dimensions are for specimen radius bends on 10 mm thick specimens. If qualification welds are required on thinner material, fixture
dimensions may be altered so bending radius remains as specified. T equals thickness of bend specimen.
Figure 5.12-Bend Test Jigs
35

07842bS OSLL458 T23
ALL DIMENSIONS AS REQUIRED 4

IN INCHES HARDENED ROLLERS 1-112 in IN
TAPPED HOLE TO SUIT DIAMETER MAY BE SUBSTITUTED
TESTING MACHINE FOR JIG SHOULDERS
SHOULDER HARDENED
AND GREASED
NOTE:
PLUNGER AND 1'4
INTERIOR DIE
SURFACES
SHALL BE
MACHINE-FINISHED.
(A) GUIDED BEND TEST JIG
ROLLER ANY '-g t-*l

B = 112 A
I_ CRMIN
(B) ALTERNATIVE WRAPAROUND (C) ALTERNATIVE ROLLER-EQUIPPED GUIDED BEND

GUIDED BEND TEST JIG TEST JIG FOR BOTTOM EJECTION OF TEST SPECIMEN
Dimensions in inches
Bend Radius (6) A B C D
2T 1-112 314 2-318 1-3116
2-213T 2 1 2-718 1-7116
3- 113T 2-112 1-114 3-318 1-11/16
6T 4-112 2-114 5-318 2-11/16
Note: For required radius refer to Parts I and II of Section 7 through 10 for Class A through O welds, respectively. Bending fixture
dimensions are for specimen radius bends on 318 in. thick specimens. If qualification welds are required on thinner material, fixture
dimensions may be altered so bending radius remains as specified. T equals thickness of bend specimen.
Figure 5.12A-Bend Test Jigs
36

QUALIFICATION
0784265 0533459 î b T = AWS D3.6M:1999
2507
7
I
-t 25
20 ALL DIMENSIONS
IN MILLIMETERS
A*
I
I
PB
I
1Llr
1125
I I 12
125
WELD MFTAL
IMPACT SPECIMENS
L ALL-WELD-METAL'
TENSION W X I M E N
FOR FILLET WELD QUALIFICATION 1
I
f
(A) TEST PLATE SHOWING LOCATION OFTEST SPECIMENS
SECTION A-A SECTION B-B
(B) ORIENTATION AND LOCATION OF (C) LOCATION OF ALL-WELPMETAL

WELD METAL IMPACT SPECIMEN TENSION SPECIMEN
(SEE ALSO 5.1 1.5 AND FIGURE 7.1)
SURFACING
LAYERS7
SURFACING
LAYERS
10 I I
I I
I
I -4
NOTE: EITHER SEQUENCE IS ACCEPTABLE.
(D) SEQUENCE FOR DEPOSITINGTHEWELD METAL
Figure 5.13-All-Weld-Metal Tension and Impact Specimen

Test Plate Design and Specimen Locations

1111 0784265 0511460 681
At-i
I TB
I !
1-
I WELD METAL
IMPACT SPECIMENS
L ALL-WELD-METAL'
TI"
FOR FILLET WELD QUALIFICATION
SR
' XVIEN
I
c
(A)TEST PLATE SHOWING LOCATION OFTEST SPECIMENS
WELD
u
SECTION A-A SECTION 8-B
(B) ORIENTATION AND LOCATION OF (C) LOCATION OF ALL-WELPMETAL

WELD METAL IMPACT SPECIMEN TENSION SPECIMEN
(SEE ALSO 5.11.5 AND FIGURE 7.1)
SURFACING
SURFACING
LAYERS
NOTE: EITHER SEQUENCE IS ACCEPTABLE.
(O) SEQUENCE FOR DEPOSITINGTHE WELD METAL
Figure 5.13A-All-Weld-Metal Tension and Impact Specimen

Test Plate Design and Specimen Locations
38

, M 07842b5 05LL4bL 518
QUALIFICATION AWS D3.6M:19!99
Standard Specimen Small Size Specimens Proportionalto Standard

D - Diameter (Notes 1, 2) 20 I0.150 1O f 0.075 5 f 0.040
G- Gage Length (5:l) 100 f 1.o 50 I0.5 25 I0.25
r - Radius of fillet, min 10 5 3
A - Length of reduced section, min (Note 4) 110 55 28
Notes:
1. Preferred IS0 6892 sizes are as shown. Other sizes may be used, provided the gauge length to diameter ratio of 5 is maintained, that
is, G/D= 5, and r 2 D/2.
2. Metric specimens may be prepared in accordance with ASTM E 8M.
3. The reduced section may have a gradual taper from the ends toward the center, with the ends not more than one percent larger than
the center (controlling dimension).
4. If desired, the length of the reduced section may be increased to accommodate an extensometer of any convenient gauge length.
Reference marks for the measurement of elongation shall be spaced at the indicated gauge length.
5. The gauge length and fillets shall be as shown, but the ends may be of any form to fit the holders of the testing machine in such a way
that the load is axial. If the ends are to be held in wedge grips, it is desirable, if possible, to make the length of the grip section great
enough to allow the specimen to extend into the grips a distance equal to two-thirds or more of the length of the grips.
6. The surface finish with the A dimension shall be no rougher than 1.5 pm.
7. The weld coupon for the all-weld-metaltension coupon may be welded in the PA (1G)position.
Figure 5.14-All-Weld-Metal Tension Test Specimen Design
In addition to the above listed performance variables, 5.17.4 T-, Y-, and K-Connections. To qualify a welder
other factors unique to work in the underwater environ- for complete joint penetration groove welds in tubular T-,
ment which could affect performance (thermal condi- Y-, and K-connections, a welded H-, J-L 045 Restricted
tions, diver dress, amount of assistance provided, etc.) (6GR) test assembly (Refer to Figure 7.4 or 8.4) shall be
should be considered during welder performance qualifi- required in accordance with 5.16. Testing on 13 mm
cation testing. (1/2 in.) or greater wall thickness qualifies for welding
T-, Y-, and K-connections for all wall thicknesses and di-
ameters for which the welder is qualified with a given
5.17 Qualification Tests Required procedure. The type and number of specimens required to
qualify from each assembly are described in Part II of
5.17.1 A welder may be qualified either under simulated sections 7 and 8 for Class A and B welds, respectively.
conditions or at the site of the production welds, pro-
vided the essential variables for welder qualification are 5.17.5 Fillet Welds. The welder shall weld fillet-weld
satisfied. test assemblies in accordance with the requirements of
variables and positions of 5.16 and Table 5.5. The re-
5.17.2 The Customer may accept evidence of previous
quired type and number of specimens are described in
qualification, provided all the requirements of this speci-
Part II of sections 7 through 10 for Class A through O
fication are met.
welds, respectively.
5.17.3 Groove Welds. Test assemblies shall be welded
for position, thickness, and diameters in accordance with
the requirements for variables and positions of 5.16 and 5-18 Method ofTesting
Table 5.5, to qualify a welder for groove welding in plate
or pipe. The required type and number of specimens are 5.18.1 Visual and radiographic examination of welder
described in Part 11 of sections 7 through 10 for Class A qualification coupons shall be accomplished in accor-
through O welds, respectively. dance with section 6, Parts II and III, as applicable.
39

AWS D3.6M:1999
Dimensions íinchesl
Standard SDecimen Small Size SDecimens Proportionalto Standard
Nominal Diameter 0.500 in. round 0.350 in. round 0.250 in. round
G- Gage Length 2.000 f 0.005 1.400 f 0.005 1.O00 f 0.005
D - Diameter (Note 1) 0.500 f 0.010 0.350 f 0.007 0.250 f 0.005
r - Radius of fillet, min 318 114 3116
A - Length of reduced section, min (Note 2) 2-114 1-314 1-114
Notes:
1. The reduced section may have a gradual taper from the ends toward the center, with the ends not more than one percent larger than
the center (controlling dimension).
2. If desired, the length of the reduced section may be increased to accommodate an extensometer of any convenient gauge length.
Reference marks for the measurement of elongation shall be spaced at the indicated gauge length.
3. The gauge length and fillets shall be as shown, but the ends may be of any form to fit the holders of the testing machine in such a way
that the load is axial. If the ends are to be held in wedge grips, it is desirable, if possible, to make the length of the grip section great
enough to allow the specimen to extend into the grips a distance equal to two-thirds or more of the length of the grips.
4. The surface finish with the A dimension shall be no rougher than 63 pin.
5 If necessary, a subsize specimen, as shown in the filler metal specification, may be used.
6. The weld coupon for the all-weld-metaltension coupon may be welded in the PA (1G) position.
Figure 5.14A-AIl- Weld-Metal Tension Test Specimen Design
WELD METAL
SPECIMENS
-----
SPECIMENS
"---
I)----
SEE DETAIL-, I
(A) THICKNESS, t, LESS THAN 25 mm (1 in.)
OPTIONAL HAZ LOCATION
(B) THICKNESS, t, 25 m m (1 In.) AND GREATER ' (C) HAZ DETAIL
NOTE: NOTCH IN EACH SPECIMEN IS TO RUN PERPENDICULAR TO THE PLATE SURFACE.
Figure 5.15-Location of Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Specimen in Test Weid
40

07842b5 05LL4b3 390 H
ALL DIMENSIONS
IN MILLIMETERS
/-
I
UNDERWATER
4 PLACES
I- 180 MIN kzN+
+i&+ I80 MIN 4
S
SHOP WELD SHOP TACK
tl/ \ I / / / / / / ,, / / / / , A ,
T=s+
MINIMUM
- MINIMUM
3
AS WELDED
A F l O MIN REMOVED BY MACHINING EACH SIDE
D
I , bikj
a
SLOT MACHINED
ON BOTH SIDES
f
0
U-J
1
ENDS
REDUCED
AS REQUIRED
TO FIT
TENSILE
MACHINE
n AS TESTED
Notes:
1. Test fillet weld size s = 10 mm except for single-pass fillet welds.
2. Other plate thicknesses and fillet weld sizes may be used by agreement.
3. Total length of fillet weld tested in shear shall not exceed the total length of the shop fillet weld. The test length is determined by the
distance between the machined slots. Minimum length of underwater fillet weld to be tested is 200 mm.
4. Prior to testing, the average throat and total test length of the test fillet weld shall be measured. The throat of the weld is the minimum
distance from the root of the joint to the face of the fillet weld. Root penetration is disregarded. The weld area in shear is calculated by
multiplyingthe average throat by the total test length.
5 . The specimen shall be tested in tension to failure, which shall be by shear through the test fillet welds. The maximum load is
recorded.
6. The shear strength is determined by dividing the maximum load by the total weld area (throat times length) in shear.
7 . Wider cover plates may be necessary to prevent tensile failure across the cover plates. Higher tensile strength plate may be used.
a. This specimen may also be used for procedure qualification of fillet welds on pipe.
Figure 5.1tLFillet Weid Shear Strength Specimens-Longitudinal from Plate
41

AWS D3.6M:i 999
NDERWATER - 4 PLACES
S
s + 118 MINIMUM
s + 118 MINIMUM
AS WELDED
4 I t 1 1 2 MIN REMOVED BY MACHINING EACH SIDE

1
D 1
ENDS REDUCED AS
REQUIRED TO FIT
TENSILE MACHINE
SLOT MACHINED
ON BOTH SIDES
MAY BE REMOVED
AS TESTED
Notes:
1. Test fillet weld size s = 3/8in. except for single-pass fillet welds.
3. Total length of fillet weld tested in shear shall not exceed the total length of the shop fillet weld. The test length is determined by the
distance between the machined slots. Minimum length of underwater fillet weld to be tested is 8 in.
4. Prior to testing, the average throat and total test length of the test fillet weld shall be measured. The throat of the weld is the minimum
multiplying the average throat by the total test length.
5. The specimen shall be tested in tension to failure, which shall be by shear through the test fillet welds. The maximum load is
recorded.
7. Wider cover plates may be necessary to prevent tensile failure across the cover plates. Higher tensile strength plate may be used.
8. This specimen may also be used for procedure qualification of fillet welds on pipe.
Figure 5.16A-Fillet Weld Shear Strength Specimens-Longitudinal from Plate
42

= 0784265 0511465 1b3
I 400 MIN 1
115 MIN
ALL DIMENSIONS
I- 25 I Ir3
I I I
I I DISCARD
IN MILLIMETERS
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I DISCARD
I I
25
SHOP WELDS UNDERWATER WELDS

t=s+3 tI/
II V
I
t=s+3
Notes:
1. Test fillet weld size s = 10 mm except for single-pass fillet welds.
3. The number of specimens (straps) cut from the coupon, and their width, W, may be controlled by testing machine capacity. The
minimum total length of underwater weld to be tested is 200 mm, ¡.e., 100 mm on top and 100 mm on bottom of the coupon as
indicated.
4. Specimens shall be machine cut, with edges smooth and parallel.
5. Prior to testing, the average throat and total test length of each fillet weld test specimen shall be measured. The throat of the weld is
the minimum distance from the root of the joint to the face of the fillet weld. Root penetration is disregarded. The weld area in shear is
calculated by multiplying the average throat by the total test length.
6. Each specimen shall be tested in tension to failure, which shall be by shear through the test fillet welds. The maximum load is
recorded.
7. The shear strength for each specimen is determined by dividing the maximum load by the total weld area (throat times length) in
shear. The reported shear strength is the average of the shear strengths of all specimens from the transverse fillet weld test coupon.
Figure 5.17-Fillet Weld Shear Strength Specimens-Transverse from Plate
43

0784265 05LL4bb OTT E
6 MIN
Notes:
1. Test fillet weld size s = 3/8in. except for single-passfillet welds.
3. The number of specimens (straps) cut from the coupon, and their width, W, may be controlled by testing machine capacity. The
minimum total length of underwater weld to be tested is 8 in., ¡.e., 4 in. on top and 4 in. on bottom of the coupon as indicated.
4. Specimens shall be machine cut, with edges smooth and parallel.
5. Prior to testing, the average throat and total test length of each fillet weld test specimen shall be measured. The throat of the weld is
the minimum distance from the root of the joint to the face of the fillet weld. Root penetration is disregarded. The weld area in shear is
calculated by multiplying the average throat by the total test length.
6. Each specimen shall be tested in tension to failure, which shall be by shear through the test fillet welds. The maximum load is
recorded.
7. The shear strength for each specimen is determined by dividing the maximum load by the total weld area (throat times length) in
shear. The reported shear strength is the average of the shear strengths of all specimens from the transverse fillet weld test coupon.
Figure 5.17A-Fillet Weid Shear Strength Specimens-Ilansverse from Plate
44

0 7 8 4 2 b 5 05LL4b7 T3b D
QUALIFICATION AWS D3.6M: 1999
Notes:
1. Other pipe and fillet weld sizes may be used by agreement.
2. Pipe I.D. may be machined for joint fitup.
3. d = 60 mm. Larger pipe sizes may result in breaking strengths exceeding usual testing machine capabilities.
4. The coupon length shall be sufficient to accommodate the plug and testing machine jaws as shown in ASTM A370 or ANSVAWS 84.0.
5. Prior to testing, the average throat dimension and total fillet weld test length shall be measured. The throat of the weld is the minimum
multiplyingthe average throat by the total test length.
recorded.
a. The specimen may also be used for procedure qualification of fillet welds on plate.
Figure 5.18-Transverse Weld Shear Strength Test Coupon for Pipe
Notes:
1. Other pipe and fillet weld sizes may be used by agreement.
2. Pipe I.D. may be machined for joint fitup.
3. d = 2.375 in. (or 2 in. nominal pipe size). Larger pipe sizes may result in breaking strengths exceeding usual testing machine
capabilities.
4. The coupon length shall be sufficient to accommodate the plug and testing machine jaws as shown in ASTM A370 or ANSI/AWS 84.0.
5. Prior to testing, the average throat dimension and total fillet weld test length (Le., 3.14 x [d + S/2]) shall be measured. The throat of the
weld is the minimum distance from the root of the joint to the face of the fillet weld. Root penetration is disregarded. The weld area in
shear is calculated by multiplying the average throat by the total test length.
recorded.
8. The specimen may also be used for procedure qualification of fillet welds on plate.
Figure 5.18A-Transverse Weld Shear Strength Test Coupon for Pipe
45

0784265 0511468 972 =
AWS 03.6M:lQW QUALIFICATION
- -b 4-
300 mm (12 in.)
r-----------
WELD BEAD ON PLATE
I I
25 mm (1 in.) -+d
Notes:
1. Test weld to be made with a single pass.
2. Sample to be bent with the face in tension.
3. Sample is to be supported at each end with a slowly applied force (P) applied at the center (three point bending).
4. Bending is to proceed until the sample has a permanent bend angle of 20 degrees minimum.
Figure 5.1P-Bridge Bend Test
5.18.2 Bend specimens shall be tested in accordance with 5.21 Period of Effectiveness
the requirements of 5.11.3.
Qualified welders shall remain qualified for one year
5.18.3 Fillet-weld specimens shall be tested in accor- from their last qualification or acceptable production
dance with 5.11.6,5.11.7, and 5.11.8, as applicable. weld within the range of variables in 5.16. Nevertheless,
when a qualified welder has not welded with the proce-
5.18.4 Macroetch test specimens shall meet the require-
dure at any time during the previous 90 days, a 200 mm
ments of 5.11.
(8 in.) long weld shall be welded in the vertical or over-
head position or the position in production in which the
majority of the welding will be done. Thickness of mate-
5.19 Test Results Required rial and weld size shall be within the range qualified by
the welding procedure qualification. The welder shall
Required results for welder qualification testing are remain qualified if visual (for fillet welds) and radio-
identified in Part II of sections 7 through 10 for Class A graphic (for groove welds) inspections meet the accept-
through O welds, respectively. ance criteria for the class of weld. Macroetch tests may
be substituted for radiographic examination as specified
in 7.6.1 or 8.6.1.
5.20 Retests
If a welder fails to satisfy the requirements of this sec-
tion in a given position, the welder may be retested in
that position by welding two test welds. Both welds shall
5.22 Records
satisfy the requirements of this section. If either or both Records of welder qualification test results shall be
welds are unsatisfactory, the welder must provide evi- maintained by the Contractor and shall be available to
dence of further training prior to retest, those authorized to examine them.
46

0784265 0511469 809 W
Table 5.5
Positions for Welder Qualification
~~~~ ~ ~
Type of Weid and Position of Welding Qualified(3)
Qualification Test Piate(') Pipe(')
Weid Piate or Pipe Positions(4) Groove Fillet Groove Fillet
PA (1G) F F, H F F, H
PC (2G) F, H F, H F, H F, H
PG (3G) F, H, V down F, H, V down F, H, V down
Plate-groove PF í3G) F. H. V UD F. H.V UD F, H, v up
PE ( 4 ~ j 'F,OH ' F, H, OH F, H, OH
PG or PF, & PE (3G & 4G) All All All
PA (1F) F F
PB (2F) F, H F, H
PG (3F) F, H, V down F, H, V down
Plate-fillet PF (3F) F, H,V up F, H, v up
PD ( 4 9 F, H, OH F, H, OH
PG or PF, & PD (3F & 4F) Al i All
PA (1G) F F, H F F, H
PC (2G) F, H F, H F, H EH
PG (5C) F, OH, V down F, OH, V down F, V, down, OH F, V down, OH
Pipe-groove PF (5G) F, OH, V up F, OH, V up F, V up, OH F, V up, OH
H-M45, J-M45 (6G) All All All (2) Ail
PG or PF, & PC (2G & 5G) All Al I All (2) All
(6GR) All All All All
PA (1F) F F
PB (2F or 2FR) F, H F, H
Pipe-fillet PD (4F) F, H, OH OH
PG (SF) F, H, OH, V down F, H, V down, OH
PF (SF) F, H, OH, V up F, H, V up, OH
Notes:
1. Plate qualifies pipe or tubing over 600 mm (24 in.) in diameter.
2. Except complete joint penetration groove welds in tubular T-, Y-, and K-connections.
3. Position of welding: F-flat, H-horizontal, V-vertical, OH-overhead.
4. Positions as defined in 5.8.
Table 5.6
Pipe Diameter Groups for Welder Qualification
Test Pipe Diameter, D, m m (in.) Diameter of Production Pipe Qualified
100 (4) and under 0.7D to 2D
Over 1O0 (4) up to 300 (12) 0.50D to 2D
300 (12) and over OSOD and above
General Notes:
1 . See Tables 5.1 and 5.2 for range of thickness qualified.
2. See section 5.16 for other welder qualification variables.
3. See Figures 7.3 and 8.3 for required number of test specimens.
47

0784265 05LL470 520 111
AWS D3.6M:1999
6. Inspection
Part I 6.3 Inspection of Equipment

General Requirements The Customer shall have the right to examine the
equipment to verify that it is suitable for use in produc-
tion welding.
6.1 General
6.1.1 The Contractor shall assure that materials, fabrica-
tion, and examination procedures conform to this specifi- 6.4 Verification of Procedure and
cation. The Customer should verify this conformance. Performance Qualification
6.1.2 All weld classes shall, as a minimum, receive vi- 6.4.1 The Contractor shall not proceed with production
sual examination in accordance with the requirements of welding until the Customer has approved the procedure
Part II of this section. Welds shall meet the inspection qualification records and has verified that the procedure
requirements and acceptance criteria specified in Part III qualification is appropriate for the materials to b e
of sections 7 through 10 for Class A through O welds, welded.
respectively. 6.4.2 The Contractor shall furnish the Customer with evi-
6.1.3 Drawings or other documents shall show the size, dence that all welders are qualified in accordance with
type, class, and location of welds to be made and the the requirements of section 5. Evidence of previous qual-
method of examination required for each weld where ification may be accepted by the Customer if the qualifi-
other than visual examination is required. When supple- cation meets all applicable criteria of this specification.
mental nondestructive examination is required, the Cus- The Contractor shall maintain a record at the job site of
tomer shall designate the welds to be examined, extent of the qualifications of all welders, all procedure qualifica-
examination of each weld, method of examination, re- tions or other tests that are made, and such other infor-
quired resolution, and acceptance standards. When ran- mation as required by the Customer.
dom or partial examinations are required, the Customer 6.4.3 The Contractor shall have sufficient evidence sub-
shall designate weld(s) to be inspected. mitted to and approved by the Customer to verify that the
6.1.4 The Customer shall be notified prior to the start of confirmation weld meets the requirements of 3.4.
welding operations. 6.4.4 Where the Customer judges that a welder’s work
may not meet this specification, the welder shall produce
a requalification weld made in accordance with section
6.2 Inspection of Materials 5, Part III. At the Customer’s discretion, an alternate test
suitable for the type of welding involved (e.g., fillet weld
The Customer shall have the right to examine the break test) may be performed.
materials, welding consumables, and supporting docu-
mentation to verify that they are qualified for use in pro-
duction welding.
The Customer may not have access to the worksite
6.5 Inspection of Work and Records
in some operations; therefore, special consideration for 6.5.1 All welds, including repair welds, shall be exam-
the collection and recording of data will generally be ined. The examination procedures are described in Part II,
necessary. Visual Examination, Part III, Radiographic Examination,
49

AWS D3.6M:1999
Part IV, Ultrasonic Examination, Part V, Magnetic Parti- 6.7 Inspection Methods
cle Examination, and Part VI, Eddy Current Examination,
all in this section. Acceptance standards are described in 6.7.1 When visual or supplemental visual examination is
Part III of sections 7 through 10 for Class A through O used, the procedure and technique shall be in accordance
welds, respectively. Satisfactory results for all required with 6.10.
examinations shall be submitted to and approved by the 6.7.2 When radiographic examination is used, the proce-
Customer. Surface condition of the material shall be such dure and technique shall be in accordance with 6.12.
that an adequate examination of the weld can be made
with the pertinent examination method. 6.7.3 When ultrasonic examination is used, the proce-
dure and technique shall be in accordance with 6.14.
6.5.2 The Contractor shall provide sufficient evidence to
the Customer to verify that the size, length, and location 6.7.4 When magnetic particle examination is used, the
of all welds conform to the requirements of this standard procedure and technique shall be in accordance with
and to the detail drawings, that no specified welds are 6.16.
omitted, and that no unspecified welds have been added 6.7.5 For detecting discontinuities that are open to the
without approval. surface, dye penetrant examination procedures suitable
6.5.3 The Customer shall have the right of inspection of at hyperbaric pressures may be used for welds in a dry
all welds by supplementary visual means (¡.e., photo- environment. The standard methods set forth in IS0
graphic, video, etc.), by radiographic or other nonde- 3452 or ASTM E 165 shall be used for dye penetrant ex-
structive methods, and by destructive testing. Inspection amination. This method is not generally suitable for ex-
may be made both during the welding operation and after amination of welds in an underwater wet environment.
the welding has been completed. 6.7.6 When eddy current examination is used, the proce-
dure and techniques shall be in accordance with 6.18.
6.5.4 If nondestructive examination other than visual is
not specified herein but is requested by the Customer, the
Contractor shall perform such requested examination or
permit the examination to be performed in accordance 6.8 Inspection Personnel Qualification
with 6.7 of this specification. 6.8.1 When inspection is to be conducted in a wet envi-
6.5.5 Welds examined nondestructively that do not meet ronment, the nondestructive examination operators and
the requirements of this specification shall be repaired by technician/divers shall provide supplementary evidence
the methods permitted by section 3. of training and experience establishing their capability to
operate the equipment and perform examinations in the
underwater environment to the satisfaction of the Cus-
tomer. Personnel interpreting nondestructive examina-
6.6 Obligations of Contractor tion results shall be qualified as NDT Lever II or III in
6.6.1 The Contractor shall be responsible for initial vi- accordance with the current edition of American Society
sual examination of all welds. The Contractor shall cor- for Nondestructive Testing, Recommended Practice No.
rect defective welds in accordance with the welding SNT-TC-IA. Individuals qualified AWS “RI” qualified
procedure specification and the requirements of this Inspector or AWS “CWI” as determined by the Cus-
specification. tomer, may also interpret nondestructive testing results.
6.6.2 In the event that faulty welding, or removal of 6.8.2 Additional Ultrasonic Qualification Require-
faulty welding for repair, damages the base metal and, in ments. In addition to the requirements of 6.8.1, when ul-
the judgment of the Customer, retention of the base metal trasonic examinations of T-, Y-, and K-connections are
is not in accordance with the intent of the drawings and to be performed, the operator shall be required to demon-
specifications, the Contractor shall remove and replace strate ability to apply the special techniques required for
the damaged base metal or shall otherwise correct the de- such examination. Practical tests for this purpose shall be
ficiency in a manner approved by the Customer. performed as specified in API RPZX, Recommended
Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Offshore Struc-
6.6.3 When nondestructive examination other than visual tural Fabrication and Guidelines for Qualification of
examination is specified in the contract, it shall be the Ultrasonic Technicians using mock-up welds similar to
Contractor’s responsibility to ensure that all specified the welds to be inspected. The mock-up welds should
welds meet the acceptance criteria specified in Part 111 contain a representative range of dihedral angles and
of sections 7 through 10 for Class A through O welds, thicknesses to be encountered in production. The inspec-
respectively. tion shall be qualified and approved for use.

07842b5 05&&472 3T3
INSPECTION AWS D3.6M:1999
Each mock-up shall contain natural or artificial dis- acceptable conditions prior to and subsequent to repair.
continuities that yield ultrasonic indications above and Approval of the data by the Customer shall constitute ac-
below the reject criteria specified in the approved proce- ceptance of the weld. Retention or disposition of inspec-
dure to be used. Performance shall be judged based upon tion data, or both, is the responsibility of the Customer.
the ability of the operator to determine the size and clas-
sification of each discontinuity with an accuracy required
to accept or reject each weldment and to locate accu-
rately the rejectable discontinuities along the weid and Part III
within the cross section of the weld. Radiographic Examination
6.83 Additional Eddy Current Qualification Require-
ments. For either the wet or dry environment, operators
manipulating the probe coil shall be qualifEd to the mini- 6.11 General
mum level outlined in SNT-TC-1A-ET1. Personnel inter-
6.11.1 The requirements described herein shall govern
preting the ET results shall be qualified to SNT-TC-IA-
radiographic examination of welds when such examina-
ET2 in either the wet or dry environment, as applicable.
tion is required. These procedures shall be used for ex-
amining groove welds in both wet and dry environments.
6.11.2 Variations in examination procedure, equipment,
Part II and acceptance standards may be used upon agreement
Visual Examination with the Customer. Variations may be necessary to ac-
commodate location, application, or operator safety.
Such variations include but are not limited to: (1) the ra-
6.9 General diographic examination of fillet, T-joint, or corner welds;
(2) changes in source-to-film distances; (3) application
6.9.1 The procedure and standards described herein shall of film for unusual geometries; (4)unusual penetrameter
govern the visual examination of welds in both dry and application; (5) film types or densities; and (6) film ex-
wet environments. posure or development variations. The Customer may re-
6.9.2 Variation in procedure, equipment, or criteria may quire that the applicability of other procedures b e
be used upon agreement with the Customer. demonstrated prior to use.
6.93 Welds which do not meet the visual acceptance cri- 6.113 When spot radiographic examination is specified,
teria specified i n Part 111 of sections 7 through 10, as the number of spots in each designated category of weld
applicable for the class of weld inspected, shall be cor- or the number required to be made in a stated length of
rected in accordance with section 3. weld shall be specified by the Customer. Each spot ex-
amined shall cover at least 100 mm (4 in.) of the weid
length. When spot examination reveals discontinuities
that require repair, two additional spots selected by the
6.10 Procedure Customer shall be radiographically examined. If discon-
6.10.1 The Customer may verify that the inspection tinuities requiring repair are revealed in either of these,
meets the requirements of this section, and that the weid the entire length of the weld in that welded joint shall be
meets the visual acceptance criteria of Part III of sections radiographically examined.
7 through 10 for the class of weld inspected.
6.11.4 When radiography is required, welds which do not
6.10.2 Visual examination techniques shall employ aids meet the radiographic acceptance criteria of Part I I I in
as necessary to provide adequate resolution. The method section 7 through 10 as applicable for the class of weld in-
to be used shall be included in a written examination pro- spected, shall be corrected in accordance with section 3.
cedure. The procedure shall be qualified by the Contrac-
tor and approved by the Customer prior to examination
of production welds. 6.12 Procedure
6.10.3 Each weld shall be uniquely identified on all vi-
6.12.1 All radiographic examinations (RT) shall be in ac-
suai examination records.
cordance with a procedure complying with the require-
6.10.4 All videotapes and photographs, and a report in- ments of this specification and which has been prepared
terpreting the inspection results, shall be submitted to the or approved by an individual qualified to SNT-TC-1A
Customer. This data shall include documentation of un- Level III. A written procedure specifying equipment and
51

M 0784265 05BL473 23T M
AWS D3.6M:1999 INSPECTION
operations required to radiograph the weld shall be sub- 6.12.9 A viewer with suitable high-intensity and suffi-
mitted to the Customer for approval prior to its use on cient capacity to illuminate radiographs with an H and D
production welding. density of 4.0 without difficulty shall be used.
6.12.2 The size of discontinuities, as a percent of the 6.12.10 Before a weld subject to radiographic examina-
thickness of the weld, that must be resolved in the radio- tion is accepted, all radiographs, including any revealing
graph shall be 2 percent or less of the base-metal thick- unacceptable indications prior to repair, and a report in-
ness. A radiographic image quality indicator (IQI) shall terpreting the results shall be submitted to and approved
be used to provide proof of resolution. by the Customer. Approval of the radiographs by the
Customer shall constitute acceptance of the weld.
6.12.3 If, in the Customer’s judgment, film processing
defects may have obscured defects, the weld shall be
reexamined.
Part IV
6.12.4 If, in the Customer’s judgment, weld surface ir- Ultrasonic Examination
regularities may obscure defects, the surface shall be
smoothed by a procedure submitted to and approved by
the Customer.
6.13 General
6.12.5 Radiographs shall have an H & D (Hurter and Procedure requirements described herein are conven-
Driffield) density of not less than 1.8 nor more than 4.0. tional contact methods only.
Densities within the range of 2.5 to 3.5 are preferred.
6.12.6 The source of radiation shall be approximately

centered with respect to the length being examined. An 6.14 Procedure
IQI shall be located within 25 mm (i in.) of each end of
the applicable length of film, and it shall be placed on the All ultrasonic examinations (UT) shall be in accor-
side of the work nearer the source, where accessible. dance with procedures written in compliance with the re-
quirements of this specification and which have been
When a complete girth weld in pipe is radiographed in
prepared or approved by a qualified individual experi-
a single exposure using a source inside the pipe, a mini-
enced in UT of welded structures. Prior to use on produc-
mum of three image quality indicators equally spaced
tion welds, the procedure and acceptance criteria shall be
around the circumference shall be used. The perpendicu-
approved by the Customer, and personnel shall have
lar distance from the radiation source to the film shall be
been successfully qualified per 6.8. When T-, Y-, and K-
no less than seven times the maximum thickness of the
connections are to be examined, the UT specialist shall
weld under examination, and the rays shall not penetrate
also be experienced in examination of those types of
the weld at an angle greater than 26-1/2 degrees from a
weldment.
line perpendicular to the film surface. Where the source
side is not accessible for locating the IQI, the procedure 6.14.1 Minimum Requirements. The written procedure
test shall establish the required IQI on the film side. shall contain as a minimum the following information re-
garding the UT method and techniques:
6.12.7 Each radiograph shall show the following: (1) Type of weld joint configuration to be examined
(i) The specified sensitivity of the IQI (¡.e., the applicable range of thickness, diameter, and
(2) An IQI identification number local dihedral angle’)
(3) A radiograph identification code (2) Acceptance criteria for each type and size of weld
(4) Weld sector identification (3) Description of UT instrumentation (make and
model)
6.12.8 A radiographic procedure shall be resubmitted for (4) Length of coaxial cable (connecting cable from
approval when one or more of the following apply: UT instrument to search unit)
(1) The IQI is transferred from the film side to the
source side of the weld or vice versa.
1. Conventional techniques are limited to diameters of 320 mm
(2) Intensification or absorption screens are added or
(12-3/4 in.) and above, thicknesses of 13 mm (1/2 in.) and
deleted. above, and local dihedral angles of 30 degrees or greater.
(3) The type of radiation source shall be changed (x- Special techniques for small sizes may be used, provided they
ray, gamma ray, etc.). are qualified as described herein, using the smallest size of
(4) The type or grade of film shall be changed. application.
52

(5) Transducer (search unit) frequency, size, and (2) Distance amplitude correction-The sensitivity
shape of active area, beam angle, and type of wedge on level shall be adjusted to provide for attenuation loss
angle beam probes2 throughout the range of sound path to be used either by
(6) Functions to be performed by and information distance amplitude correction curves, by electronic
displays available to diver and topside technician means, or by other means as described in the approved
(7) Surface preparation and couplant (where used) procedure.
(8) Type of calibration test block and reference reflector (3) Transfer correction-Instrument sensitivity shall
(9) Method of calibration and required accuracy for be adjusted to compensate for differences between the
distance (sweep), beam spread, vertical linearity, angle calibration standard contact surface curvature and rough-
sensitivity, and resolution ness, versus those of the material being examined. This
may be determined by noting the difference between re-
(10) Recalibration interval for each item
sponses received from the same reference reflector (e.g.,
(1 1) Method for determining acoustical continuity of
a second search unit acting as a reflector) in both situa-
base metal (see 6.14.3) and for establishing weld geome-
tions, after correcting for distance as described above.
try as a function of local dihedral angle and thickness
(12) Scanning pattern and sensitivity (see 6.14.4) 6.14.23 Reference may be made to the ultrasonic ex-
(13) Adjustment for depth (pressure) effects amination requirements of section 6 of ANSUAWS D1.l,
(14) Transfer correction for surface curvature and for establishing procedures regarding ultrasonic instru-
roughness, where amplitude methods are used [see mentation and calibration requirements.
6.14.2.2 (3)]
(15) Methods for determining effective beam angle (in 6.143 Base Metal Examination. The entire area subject
curved material), indexing root area, and flaw location to ultrasonic scanning shall be examined by the longitu-
dinal wave technique to detect laminar reflectors that
(16) Method of determining discontinuity length and
could interfere with the intended, directed sound wave
width
propagation. All areas containing laminar reflectors shall
(17) Method of defect verification during excavation be marked for identification prior to weld examination.
and repair Welds in that area shall be examined using an alternate
6.14.2 Calibration. UT equipment qualifications and weld scanning procedure, if applicable. Base material
calibration methods shall be established in the approved discontinuities that exceed the limits of applicable base
procedure and shall meet the following requirements. material specifications or other established requirements
shall be brought to the attention of the Customer.
6.14.2.1 Range (Distance) Calibration. Calibration
shall include, as a minimum, the entire sound-path dis- 6.14.4 Weld Scanning. Scanning of normal groove
tance to be used during the specified examination. This welds shall be in accordance with the requirements of
may be adjusted to represent either sound-path travel, Figure 6.1, or as established in the approved procedure.
surface distance, or equivalent depth below the contact Scanning of T-,Y-, and K-connections shall be per-
surface, displaced along the instrument horizontal scale, formed from the attachment surface (see Figure 6.1), or
as described in the approved procedure. as established in the approved procedure. All examina-
tions shall be made in leg I and II where possible. For
6.14.2.2 Sensitivity Calibration. Standard sensitivity initial scanning, the sensitivity shall be increased by
ARL (Amplitude Reject Level) for examination of pro- 12 dB above the ARL established in 6.14.2.2 at the max-
duction welds using amplitude techniques shall be the imum sound path. Indication evaluation shall be per-
sum of the basic sensitivity, the distance amplitude cor- formed with reference to the standard sensitivity.
rection, and the transfer correction. This calibration shall
be performed at least once for each joint to be tested. 6.14.5 Optimum Angle. indications found in the root
(1) Basic sensitivity-Reference level screen height areas of groove welds in butt joints, and along fusion
shall be obtained using maximum reflection from the faces of all welds, shall be further evaluated with a 70,
1.5 mm (0.060 in.) diameter hole of the IIW block (or 60, or 45 degree search unit angle, whichever is nearest
other block which results in the same basic calibration to being perpendicular to the expected fusion face.
sensitivity) as described in the approved procedure.
6.14.6 Discontinuity Evaluation. Discontinuities shall
be evaluated using a combination of beam boundary and
2. Procedures using transducers with frequency up to and amplitude techniques. Sizes shall be given as length, and
including 6 MHz, size down to and including 6 mm (1/4 in.), height (depth dimension) or amplitude, as applicable.
and various geometric shapes may be used, provided they are Amplitude shall be related to “standard calibration.” In
also used during the procedure qualification. addition, discontinuities shall be classified as linear or
53

i0784265 05334’75 O02 W
AWS D3.6M:1999 INSPECTION
NOTE: COVER WELD VOLUME COMPLETE

FROM BOTH SIDES, WHERE ACCESSIBLE.
(A) GROOVE WELDS
BEAM DIRECTION-MAINTAIN SOUND BEAM PERPENDICULAR TO THE WELD.
V-PATHS-USE SINGLE AND MULTIPLE LEGS AND

VARIOUS ANGLES, AS REQUIRED, TO COVER THE
COMPLETE WELD INCLUDINGTHE ROOT AREA.
1-Y-,
(6) , AND K-CONNECTIONS
Figure 6.1-Ultrasonic Scanning Techniques
54

078'i265 0511476 T 4 9 D
planar, versus spherical, by noting changes in amplitude 6.14.83 Areas of any part for which complete in-
as the transducer is swung in an arc centered on the re- spection was not practicable shall also be explained in
flector. The location (position) of discontinuities within the report.
the weld cross section, as well as from an established ref-
6.14.8.4 Unless otherwise specified, the reference po-
erence point along the weid axis, shall be determined.
sition and the location and extent of rejectable flaws shall
See Figure 6.2 for additional evaluation requirements.
also be marked physically on the workpiece.
6.14.7 Acceptance Criteria. Refer to 7.12.
6.14.8 Reporting
Part V
6.14.8.1 A report clearly defining the environment Magnetic Particle Examination
(depth, etc.) and identifying the part and the area of in-
spection shall be completed by the ultrasonic technician
at the time of inspection. A detailed report including a
sketch showing the location along the weld axis, location
6.15 General
within the weld cross section, size, extent, orientation, 6.15.1 The procedure and standards described herein
and classification for each discontinuity shall be com- shall govern magnetic particle examination, when such
pleted for each weld in which significant indications are an examination is required. This method is used for de-
found. A recommended form is included in Annex A. tecting linear discontinuities at or very near the surface
Report forms shall be submitted to the Customer upon of welds in magnetic materials.
completion of the work.
6.15.2 Variations in the examination procedure, equip-
6.14.8.2 When specified, discontinuities approaching ment, and acceptance criteria may be used with approval
rejectable size, particularly those about which there is of the Customer. Such variations may include means used
some question in their evaluation, shall also be reported. to magnetize the weld or to apply magnetic particles.
BRACEMEMBER
WELD THROAT THICKNESS = (T)

HEIGHT
BRACE MEMBER DIAMETER = (O)
LENGTH (L) y
Evaluation Requirements:
i.Use combination of beam boundary and amplitude.
2. Give size as length (L) and height (H).
3. Determine"class": Linear/Planar versus Spherical.
4. Length (L) and height (H)shall be based upon a rectangle that totally encloses the indicated discontinuity.
5. Aligned discontinuities separated by less than (L, + L2)/2 and parallel discontinuities separated by less than (Hl + H2)/2 shall be
evaluated as being continuous.
6. Accumulative flaws shall be evaluated over a 150 mm (6 in.) or D/2 length of weld, whichever is less.
7. Root area shall be defined as that lying within 6 mm (1/4 in.) or T/4, whichever is greater, of the root of the theoretical weld.
8. Record the position (location) of discontinuities within the weld cross section as well as from an established reference point along the
weld axis.
Figure 6.2-Discontinuity Evaluation
55

AWS D3.6M:1999
6.15.3 When magnetic particle examination is required,

I07134265 05LL477 985 - INSPECTION
method shall be used for detecting linear discontinuities

welds which do not meet the surface acceptance criteria at or very near the surface of welds in ferritic and austen-
of Part III in sections 7 through 10, as applicable for the itic materials.
class of welds inspected, shall be corrected in accordance
with section 3. Light grinding may be employed to deter- 6.17.2 Variation in the examination procedure, equip-
mine relevancy of indications. ment, or acceptance criteria may be used with approval
of the Customer.
6.173 When eddy current examination is required, welds

6.16 Procedure or other materials which do not meet the surface accep-
6.16.1 Technique. When magnetic particle examination tance criteria of Part III in sections 7 through 10, as appli-
is to be used in a wet or dry environment, the procedure cable for the class of weld inspected, shall be corrected in
and technique shall be in accordance with ASTM E 709 accordance with section 3. Light grinding may be em-
(Dry and Wet Powder). ployed to determine relevancy of indications.
6.16.2 Magnetization. Alternating current, direct cur-
rent, or permanent magnets may be used to magnetize
the weld. The magnetizing current or ampere turns used 6.18 Procedure
shall be specified in accordance with ASTM E 709. The
examination procedure shall state whether the magnetiz- 6.18.1 Technique. When using ET examination in wet or
ing current shall be maintained during the readout of in- dry environment, the procedure and technique shall be in
dications. accordance with IS0 9304 (ASTM E 309 or E 426). Ref-
erences in this specification to IS0 9304, ASTM E 309,
6.16.3 Particles. The ferromagnetic particles shall be of and E 426 which refer to tubular material, may also
a color contrasting to the surface. Fluorescent magnetic apply to nontubular materials.
particles may be used with a black light.
6.16.4 Preparation and Disposition of Reports 6.18.2 Supplemental Examination. When of defects are
found in magnetic materials using ET examination, those
6.16.4.1 A report clearly identifying the work and the areas may also be examined with the magnetic particle
area of examination shall be completed by the magnetic method, in accordance with Part V of this section, for
particle interpreter at the time of examination. Reports purposes of verification.
for acceptable welds need only contain sufficient infor-
mation to identify the weld, the segment inspected, the 6.183 Communications. During examinations in the wet
interpreter (signature), examination variables, and the ac- or dry environment, communications between the probe
ceptability of the weld. When specified by the Customer, manipulator and the interpreter (see 6.8.3) shall be contin-
indication of defects shall be documented by photogra- uous and clear in nature, utilizing a dedicated system.
phy. Reports shall be submitted to the Customer upon
completion of the work. 6.18.4 Preparation and Disposition of Reports
6.16.4.2 Before a weld subject to magnetic particle 6.18.4.1 A report clearly identifying the work and the
examination is accepted, all reports pertaining to the area of examination shall be completed by the ET inter-
weld, including any identifying unacceptable indications preter at the time of the examination. Reports for accept-
prior to repair, shall be submitted to and approved by the able welds need only contain sufficient information to
Customer. Approval of the reports by the Customer shall identify the weld, the segment inspected, the interpreter
constitute acceptance of the weld. (signature), examination variables, and the acceptability
of the weld. When specified by the Customer, indications
of defects shall be documented by photography. Reports
Part VI shall be submitted to the Customer upon completion of
Eddy Current Examination the work.
6.18.4.2 Before a weld subject to ET examination is ac-

cepted, all reports pertaining to the weld, including any
6.17 General identifying unacceptable indications prior to repair, shall
6.17.1 The procedure and standards described herein be submitted to and approved by the Customer. Approval
shall govern eddy current (Electromagnetic test, or ET) of the reports by the Customer shall constitute accep-
examination when such examination is required. This tance of the weld.
56

07842b5 05LL478 BLL E
AWS D3.6M:1999
7. Class A Welds
7.1 Application 7.3 Groove Welds

The requirements of this section apply to Class A 7.3.1 Test Specimens. Test specimens for Class A
welds. Class A defines a set of requirements for under- groove welds shall be located in accordance with Figures
water welds that are intended to be suitable for structural 7.1 and 7.2. All-weld-metal specimens shall be prepared
applications involving design stresses comparable to and located in accordance with 5.11.4 and Figures 5.13
similar above-water applications. This class of weld will and 5.14. As an option, the length of the procedure quali-
meet the Customer's requirements for a particular struc- fication test assembly (Figure 7.1) may be increased, and
ture and shall satisfy the requirements of this specifica- the all-weld-metal tension specimen may be removed
tion for Class A welds. from the procedure qualification test assembly.
7.3.2 Test Results. Procedure qualification test results
7.1.1 Welding procedure specifications for Class A
for Class A groove welds shall meet the following
welds shall be qualified in accordance with the general
requirements:
requirements of section 5, Parts I and II, and the specific
requirements of Part I of this section. 73.2.1 Visual Examination. The welds shall meet
the visual acceptance criteria of 7.9.
7.1.2 All welders, including tack welders, making Class 73.2.2 Radiographic Examination. The welds shall
A welds shall be qualified prior to production welding in
meet the acceptance of 7.10.1.
accordance with the Reneral requirements of section 5,
I
Parts I and III, and with the specific requirements of Part 73.23 Reduced-Section Tension Test. The tensile
II of this section. strength shall equal or exceed the specified minimum
tensile strength of the base metal for each sample.
7.1.3 Minimum examination requirements for all Class 7.3.2.4 All-Weld-Metal Tension Tests. The yield
A production welds and acceptance for in- strength and tensile strength shall exceed the minimums
spection and examination of Class A welds, including specified for the base metal. The minimum acceptable
that performed procedure and performance quali- elongation shall be dependent on the base metal specified
fication, are defined in Part III of this section. minimum yield strength as indicated in Table 7.2.
7.3.2.5 Bend Tests. The bending fixture shall con-
form to Figure 5.12 of section 5, Part II. Bend radius (B)
for testing shall be in accordance with Table 7.2. Four
samples shall be tested, and they shall not reveal tears or
Part I other defects exceeding 3 mm (1/8 in.) in the weld metal
Procedure Qualification or fusion zone after bending. Tears which originate at the
corner of the specimen and are less than 6 mm (U4 in.)
long shall not be cause for rejection unless they are asso-
7.2 Testing Requirements ciated with a defect.
The number and type of test specimens required for 7.3.2.6 Macroetch. Macroetch test specimens shall
procedure qualification to test the first position and addi- reveal no cracks at 5X magnification and shall meet the
tional positions for Class A welds are summarized in requirements of 7.10. Microhardness measurements shall
Table 7.1. not exceed 325 HV 10 (see 5.11.6).
57

= 07842b5 0511479 758 CLASS A WELDS
AWS D3.6M:1999
-5
c
al*
E;
i'
CA
Il i;
wï
z
B
8
E
58

D O784265 0533480 47T D
CLASS A WELDS AWS D3.6M:1999
DIRECTION OF ROLLING - ALL DIMENSIONS
p l 5 0 MIN+
I DISCARD
150 MIN 9
I 4 DIRECTION OF ROLLING
t c - 1 5 0 MIN+
-
IN MILLIMETERS
150 MIN
-
-- - SECTION
-REDUCED
--
-
TENSILE
-
------ - FACE BEND
I REDUCED SECTION TENSILE I l
I
- - - - 4 4 - - - - 500
WELD METAL IMPACTS
----Ad----
----
-----a----
HAZ IMPACTS
--- MAGRO-
* MIN
1 --- 1- - - - I
WELD METAL IMPACTS
HAZ IMPACTS
14OOMlN
I
---- ROOT BEND
-
------- I REDUCED SECTION TENSILE I I
- - -
=---*q====
FACE BEND
LAYOUT FOR ROOT AND FACE BENDS LAYOUT FOR SIDE BENDS
TEST PLATE < 10 THICK TEST PLATE 2 20 THICK
(A) FIRST POSITION PLATES
+DIRECTION OF ROLLING +
130 OR
= =DICICÀRD
*e==SIDE BEND
==*e== SIDE BEND
--
- - 250MIN 200 MIN
ROOT BEND SIDE BEND

==*e= FACE BEND
==te=
SIDE BEND
===I== ==I==
DISCARD DISCARD
TEST PLATE 2 10 THICK TEST PLATE 2 20 THICK
(e) ADDITIONAL POSITION PLATES
Note: As an option, the length of the test plate may be increased to provide for the all-weld-metal tensile test specimen in accordance
with 7.3.1 when the plate thickness is z 20 mrn. For plates between 10 and 20 mm, customer may specify root and face bends or side
bends for first and additional position plates.
Figure 7.1-Location and Type of Test Specimens on Welded Plate

Test Procedure Qualification Assembly, Class A Groove Welds
59

0784Zb5 05LL48L 30b
AWS D3.6M:1999 CLASS A WELDS
b-
DIRECTION OF ROLLING
6 MIN+ 6 MIN
-
I REDUCED SECTION TENSILE I l
I WELD METALIMPACTS I I
- - -HAZ-!--I---
IMPACTS
20 MIN
I
---AA---
--
- - *-
= q-
-
MACRO
16 MIN
1
---
ROOT BEND
-- - -+ q = = =
- A
REDUCED SECTION TENSILE
===*+====
TEST PLATE 2 3/8 THICK TEST PLATE 2 3/14 THICK
f DIRECTION OF ROLLING + +DIRECTION OF ROLLING -W

5 OR 5 OR
AS REQUIRED AS REQUIRED
DISCARD DISCARD
==*e== ROOT BEND
==$e=
SIDE BEND
===t:e== =*e=
SIDE BEND
=TI==
-++-
- A L -
ROOT BEND SIDE BEND

==*j== =*t=
FACE BEND-
===I=-
SIDE BEND
==Es-
-
DISCARD DISCARD
TEST PLATE 2 3/8 THICK TEST PLATE 2 3 4 THICK
(B) ADDITIONAL POSITION PLATES
Note: As an option, the length of the test plate may be increased to provide for the all-weld-metal tensile test specimen in accordance
with 7.3.1 when the plate thickness is z 3/4in. For plates between 3/8 and 3/4 in., customer may specify root and face bends or side
bends for first and additional position plates.
Figure 7.1A-Location and Type of Test Specimens on Welded Plate

Test Procedure Qualification Assembly, Class A Groove Welds
60

07842b5 05LL482 242 I
TOP OF PIPE FOR

If POSITIONS 5G AND 6G
Notes:
1. If the pipe diameter is too small to permit all specimens to be machined from a single weld, additional welds shall be made to provide
sufficient material for test.
2. First position weld, test all specimens shown. Additional position welds, test bend specimens only.
a. t n 10 mm (3/8in.)-Two root and two face bends.
b. t 6 20 mm (314 in.)-Four side bends.
c. t between 10 mm (3/8in.) and 20 mm (3/4 in.), customer may specify root and face or side bends.
d. Specimen geometry as described in Figures 5.7, 5.10, and 5.1 1.
Figure 7.2-Lacation and Types of Test Specimens on Welded Pipe

Test Procedure Qualification Assembly, Class A Groove Welds in Pipe
73.2.7 Charpy Impact Test. The average and mini- on the basis of a groove weld qualification in accordance
mum Charpy energy values of the three specimens shall with the requirements of 5.9.2.
satisfy the requirements of Table 7.2B when tested at a
minimum design service temperature (see 5.11.5) unless 7.4.2 Test Results. Procedure qualification test results
other requirements are specified by the Customer. for Class A fillet welds shall meet the following
requirements:
7.4.2.1 Visual Examination. All test welds shall meet
7.4 Fillet Welds the visual acceptance criteria of 7.9.
7.4.1 Test Specimens. A groove weld for the all-weld- 7.4.2.2 Radiographic Examination. The groove
metal tension specimen and Charpy V-notch impact weld for the all-weld-metal tension and Charpy V-notch
specimens shall be produced in accordance with 5.11.4 impact specimens shall meet the acceptance criteria of
and 5.11.5. Fillet weld shear specimens shall be pro- 7.10.1.
duced in accordance with the requirements of 5.11.8 (re- 7.4.23 Fillet-Weld-Shear-Strength Test. The mini-
fer to Figures 5.16 or 5.17 for plate qualification and mum acceptable shear strength of the weld shall be 60%
Figure 5.18 for pipe qualification). Fillet weld break test of the minimum tensile strength of the weld metal mea-
coupons shall be produced in accordance with the re- sured in the all-weld-metal tension test.
quirements of 5.11.7 (refer to Figure 5.8 for plate and
pipe qualification). As an option, the Contractor may 7.4.2.4 All-Weld-Metal Tension Test. The test speci-
choose to qualify a multiple-pass fillet weld procedure men machined from the groove weld, as described in
61

AWC D3.6M:lQQQ CLASS A WELDS
Table 7.2
Weld Procedure Qualification-Mechanical Test Acceptance Criteria for Class A Welds
A. Tensile and Bend Test Acceptance Criteria (0
All-Weld-Metal TensileJMinimumPercent Elongation Bend Specimen
Base Metal GLID = 5@) GL/D = 4(*) Maximum Bend

Minimum Specified Yield Strength (Figure 5.14) (Figure 5.14A) Test Bend
350 MPa (50 ksi) and below 18 20 2T

Over 350 MPa to but not including 600 MPa 14 16 2-213 T
600 MPa and Over (90 ksi) As specified by Customer As specified by Customer 3-113 T
B. Charpy V-Notch and Microhardness Acceptance Criteria(’)
Weld-Metal and HAUCharpy V-Notch

Base Metal Maximum
Minimum Specified Tensile Strength Average Energy Minimum Energy Macro-Hardness
485 MPa (70 ksi) and below 20 J (15 ft-lb) 14 J (10 ft-lb) 325 HV 10
Over 485 MPa to 550 MPa 27 J (20 ft-lb) 19 J (14 ft-lb) 325 HV 10
Over 550 MPa (80 ksi) 34 J (25 ft-lb) 23 J (17 ft-lb) 325 HV 10
Notes:
1. Values apply to carbon, low alloy, and austenitic stainless steel.
2. GL = Gage Length; D = Machined Diameter.
3. T is the specimen thickness, ¡.e., 10 mm (3/8 in.) for side bends.
4. Use 2T for all grades of austenitic stainless steel.
5. Vickers hardness and Charpy impact test not applicable for austenitic stainless steel base metals.
5.11.4, shall be tested in accordance with IS0 6892 or Part II

ASTM A 370. The yield strength and tensile strength
shall exceed the minimum values specified for the base
Welder Qualification
metal. The minimum elongation shall meet the require-
ments of Table 7.2.
7.5 Testing Requirements
7.4.2.5 Fillet-Weld-Break Test. The specimen shall
pass if it bends flat upon itself. If the fillet weld fractures, The number and type of test specimens required for
it shall show fusion to the root of the joint but not neces- welder qualification for Class A welds are summarized
sarily beyond. The fracture surface shall exhibit no inclu- in Table 7.3.
sion or porosity greater than 2.5 mm (3/32 in.) in the
greatest dimension. The sum of the greatest dimensions
of all inclusions and porosity shall not exceed 10 mm 7.6 Groove Welds
(3/8 in.) in any 150 mm (6 in.) of weld.
7.6.1 Test Specimens. Test specimens for welder qualifi-
7.4.2.6 Macroetch. Macroetch test specimens shall cation shall be prepared and located in accordance with
reveal no cracks at 5X magnification and shall meet the Figure 7.3 for groove welds, and Figures 7.4 for T-, Y-,
requirements of 7.10.2. Hardness tests on the surfaces and K-connections on pipe or tubing. Four bend speci-
shall not exceed 325 HV 10. (See 5.11.6.) mens shall be removed from each weld coupon. In lieu of
radiographic or ultrasonic inspection, three macroetch
7.4.2.7 Charpy Impact Test. Charpy impact test test specimens may be removed from the weld adjacent
specimens, as described in 5.11.5, shall be prepared and to the required bend specimens; such specimens shall be
tested. They shall meet the impact requirements for prepared and etched in accordance with 5.11.2 and shall
Class A welds listed in 7.3.2.7. meet the requirements of 7,6.
62

07842b5 05LL484 015 I
I
CUSS A WELDS AWS D3.6M:1999
~ ~~ ~
Table 7.3
Welder Performance Qualification-Number and Type of Test Specimens for Class A Welds
(Per Welder)
Bendd2)(See 5.11.3)
Fillet Weld
Thickness Tested Visual(4) Radiographic(4) Root and Break (See
Coupon Joint Type m m (in.) (See 6.9) (See 6.1 1) Face Side Macro(3) Figure 5.8)
T s 10 (3/8) Yes Yes(') 2 each - - -
Plate Groove 10 (3/8) < T c 20 (3/4) Yes Yes(') 2each or 4 - -
T 2 20 (3/4) Yes Yes(') 4 - -
T 5 10 (3/8) Yes Yes(') 2 each - - -

Pipe Groove 10 (3/8) c T c20 (3/4) Yes Yes(') 2each or 4 - -
T 2 20 (3/4) Yes Yes(') 4 - -
Plate Fillet All Yes - - - 2 1
Pipe Fillet All Yes - - - 4 4

Notes:
1. Ultrasonic or three Macros may be substituted. See 7.6.1.
2. For plate and pipe between 10 mm (3/8 in.) and 20 mrn (3/4 in.) thick, Customer may specify either root and face bends or side bends.
3. See 5.1 1.2,7.7, and Figure 5.8. Hardness tests not required.
4. See Section 6, Part II for visual examination, Part III for radiographic examination.
7.6.2 Test Results. Welder qualification test results for 7.7.2 Test Results. Welder qualification test results for
Class A groove welds shall meet the following require- Class A fillet welds shall meet the following requirements:
ments as applicable as applicable:
7.6.2.1 Visual Examination. The welds shall meet the visual acceptance criteria of 7.9.
the visual acceptance criteria of 7.9.
7.7.2.2 Macroetch. Macroetch test specimens shall
70602.2 Radiographic Or Macroetch. The welds shall reveal no cracks at 5X magnification and shall meet the
meet the acceptance criteria of 7.10. acceptance criteria of 7.10.2.
7.6.23 Ultrasonic Examination. The welds shall 7.7.23 Fillet-Weld-Break Test. The specimen shall
meet the acceptance criteria of 7.12. pass if it bends flat upon itself. If the fillet weld fractures,
7.6.2.4 Bend Tests. The bending fixture shall conform it shall show fusion to the root of the joint but not neces-
to Figure 5.12 of section 5,Part II, with the bend radius as sarily beyond. The fracture surface shall exhibit no inclu-
specified in 7.3.2.5. Four samples shall be tested, and they sion or porosity greater than 2.5 mm (3/32 in.) in the
shall not reveal cracks or other defects exceeding 3 mm greatest dimension. The sum of the greatest dimensions
(1/8 in.) in the weld metal or fusion zone after bending. of all inclusions and porosity shall not exceed 10 mm
Cracks which originate at the corner of the specimen and (3/8 in.) in any 150 mm (6 in.) of weld.
are less than 6 mm (U4 in.) long shall not be cause for re-
jection unless they are associated with a defect.
Part III
7.7 Fillet Welds Examination
7.7.1 Test Specimen. The welder shall weld fillet-weld-
break and macroetch test assemblies as shown in Figure 7.8 Examination Requirements
5.8 in accordance with the requirements of variables and
positions of 5.16 and Table 5.5. The number and type of All Class A production welds shall be visually exam-
specimens required to qualify from each assembly are ined in accordance with section 6, Part II. In addition,
shown on Table 7.3. unless otherwise specified by the Customer, complete
63

0784265 05LL485 T5L m
-
-T 7
iI
ALL DIMENSIONS
----
DISCARD
ROOT BEND
=SIDE
*e BEND
= IN MILLIMETERS
AND INCHES
- A C -
I FACEBEND I
250 mm 200 mm
(10 in.) MIN (8 in.) MIN
1
SIDE BEND
= =SIDE
t jBEND
== -
-
-=CS-
DISCARD
(A) FOR PLATE
TOP OF PIPE FOR
I
f POSITIONS 5G AND 6G
I / A
(B) FOR PIPE
Note: For plates between 10 mm (3/8in.) and 20 mm (3/4in.) thick, Customer may specify root and face bends or side bends (for pipe).
a. t a 1O mm (3/8in.)-Two root and two face bends.
b. t s 20 mm (3/4 in.)-Four side bends.
c. t between 10 mm (3/8 in.) and 20 mm (3/4in.), customer may specify root and face or side bends.
d. Specimen geometry as described in Figures 5.10 and 5.11.
Figure 7.3-Qpe and Location of Bend Test Specimens

for Welder Qualification, Class A Groove Welds
64

E 07842b5 05LL48b 998
ALL DIMENSIONS
IN MILLIMETERS
12 MAX
12 MIN
Figure 7.4-Test Assembly for T-, Y-, and K-Connections on

Pipe or Square or Rectangular Tubing-Welding Procedure
and Welder Performance Qualification, Class A Welds
Figure 7.4A-Test Assembly for T-, Y-, and K-Connections on

Pipe or Square or Rectangular 'Iiibing-Welding Procedure
and Welder Performance Qualification, Class A Welds
65

W 0784265 05LL487 824 I
joint-penetration welds shall be either radiographed (sec- vidual discontinuity shall not exceed two-thirds of the ef-
tion 6, Part III) or ultrasonically examined (section 6, Part fective throat or two-thirds of the weld size.
IV); partial penetration and fillet welds shall be examined If t is greater than 30 mm (1-3/32 in.), the greatest di-
by the magnetic particle method (section 6, Part V). Ac- mension of any discontinuity shall not exceed 20 mrn
ceptance criteria shall be in accordance with the following. (3/4 in.).
(3) No discontinuity shall be closer than three times
its greatest dimension to the end of a groove weld subject
7.9 Visual Acceptance Criteria to primary tensile stress.
The following acceptance criteria, in accordance with (4) For a group of discontinuities in line, the sum of the
the procedures and standards of section 6, Part II, shall greatest dimensions of all discontinuities in any portion of
the weld equal in length to six times the effective throat or
apply to all Class A welds, during visual examination for
surface defects: weld size, shall be less than the effective throat or weld
(1) The weld shall have no cracks, surface porosity, size. When the length of the weld being examined is less
or entrapped slag as identified by the unaided eye. than six times the effective throat or weld size, the permis-
(2) Complete fusion shall exist between adjacent sible sum of the greatest dimensions shall be directly pro-
portionate (i.e., 1/6 x effective throat or weld size.).
weld beads, and between weld metal and base metal.
(3) All craters shall be filled. (5) The space between two adjacent linear discon-
(4) Weld profiles shall be in accordance with Figure tinuities shall be at least three times the greatest dimen-
sion of the larger of the discontinuities in the pair being
7.5(A), (BI, or (DI.
(5) Undercut shall be restricted for base metals of considered.
thickness t a s follows: (6) Independent of the requirements of 7.10.1(2)
(a) t > 25 mm (1 in.): Undercut shall not exceed through 7.10.1(5), the sum of the greatest dimensions of
1.5 mm (1/16 in.) in depth, and the length of any under- all discontinuities with a greatest dimension of less than
cut is not restricted. 3 mm (1/8 in.) shall not exceed 10 mm (3/8 in.) in any
(b) 6 mm (1/4 in.) s t 5 25 mm (1 in.): Undercut continuous 25 mm (1 in.) of weld.
shall not exceed 0.8 mm (1/32 in.) i n depth, and the 7.10.2 Macroetch Test Acceptance Criteria. Weld shall
length of any undercut exceeding 0.4 mm (U64 in.) in be free of cracks. Slag, porosity, or other defects exceed-
depth shall not exceed 50 mm (2 in.) in length in any ing 3 mm (1/8 in.) in height or width shall be cause for
continuous 300 mm (12 in.) of weld. rejection. However, linear indications associated with the
(c) t < 6 mm (U4 in.): Undercut shall not exceed root of partial penetration joints and groove welds with
0.4 mm (U64 in.) in depth, and the length of any under- backing bars are acceptable, provided such linear indica-
cut shall not be restricted. tions do not exceed 1.0 mm (U32 in.), and provided such
(6) The root surface of single-welded groove welds adjacent linear indications are separated by at least 3 mm
without backing that require complete joint penetration (1/8 in.).
shall be inspected, where accessible, and there shall be
no incomplete fusion or incomplete joint penetration.
(7) The maximum root surface underfill shall be
1.5 mm (1/16 in.), and the maximum melt-through shall
7.11 Surface Examination Acceptance
be 3 mm (1/8 in.). The weld thickness shall be equal to or Criteria
greater than that of the base metal. The acceptance criteria of 7.9 and 7.10 shall apply to
nondestructive surface examination (magnetic particle,
liquid penetrant, or eddy current) performed on Class A
7.10 Radiographic and Macroetch welds.
Test Acceptance Criteria
7.10.1 Radiographic Acceptance Criteria. The follow-
ing acceptance criteria for Class A production and quali- 7.12 Ultrasonic Examination
fication welds, as applicable, shall be satisfied. Acceptance Criteria
(i) The welds shall be free of cracks.
The Customer shall designate the Class, X or R,
(2) If the base metal thickness, t, is 6 mm (1/4 in.) or
which applies to all welds to be examined.
less, the greatest dimension of any individual discontinu-
ity shall be less than 3 mm (1/8 in.). 7.12.1 Disregard all DRL (Disregard Level) indications
If c is more than 6 mm (U4 in.) but less than or equal having half (6 dB) or less amplitude compared to the
to 30 mm (1-3/32 in.), the greatest dimension of any indi- standard sensitivity level (with due regard for 6.14.6).
66

0784265 05LL48ö 7b0
NOTE: CONVEXITY C SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.1 TIMES ACTUAL LEG SIZE, OR THE LONGER LEG IN THE CASE OF AN
UNEQUAL LEG FILLET WELD, PLUS 1.5 rnm (1/16 in.).
(A) DESIRABLE FILLETWELD PROFILES (B) ACCEPTABLE FILLET WELD PROFILES
INSUFFICIENT EXCESSIVE EXCESSIVE OVERLAP INSUFFICIENT INCOMPLETE

THROAT CONVEXITY UNDERCUT LEG FUSION
(C) UNACCEPTABLE FILLET WELD PROFILES
L R
NOTE REINFORCEMENT R SHALL NOT EXCEED 3 rnrn (118 in.)
(D) ACCEPTABLE GROOVE WELD PROFILE
UNDERFILL EXCESSIVE OVERLAP

UNDERCUT
(E) UNACCEPTABLE GROOVE WELD PROFILES
Figure 7.5-Acceptable and Unacceptable Weld Profiles for Class A Welds
67

E 0784265 053L489 6 T ï 0
7.12.2 Indications exceeding the DRL shall be evaluated (2) Class R (applicable when UT is used as an alter-
as follows: native to radiography and for T-, Y-, and K-connections
(1) Class X (applicable to T-, Y-, and K-connections of steels without controlled notch toughness and with
in redundant structures of notch-tough steels) nonredundant design)
(a) Spherical reflectors shall be evaluated as de- (a) Isolated, random spherical reflectors, with
scribed in Class R, except that any indications within the 25 mm (1 in.) minimum separation, shall be accepted up
limits of Figure 7.6 for linear or planar reflectors are to the standard sensitivity level. Larger reflectors shall be
acceptable. evaluated as linear or planar.
(b) Linear or planar reflectors shall be evaluated (b) Aligned spherical reflectors shall be evaluated
using beam boundary techniques, and those that have as linear reflectors.
dimensions exceeding the limits of Figure 7.6 shall be (c) Clustered spherical reflectors having a density of
retested. Discontinuities in the backup weld3 shall be more than one per 650 mm2 (one per square inch) with in-
disregarded. dications above the disregard level [projected area normal
to the direction of applied stress, averaged over a 150 mm
(6 in.) length of weld] shall be rejected.
3. As defined for tubular T-, Y-, and K-connections in AWS (d) Linear or planar reflectors, whose lengths (ex-
D1.l. tent) exceed the limits of Figure 7.6 or 7.9 shall be rejected.
6 OR TI4 c I
I-- REJECT
ACCUMULATIVE
T-, Y-, AND K- ROOT DEFECTS
ALL DIMENSIONS
IN MILLIMETERS
Y
F
k FOR COMPLETE JOINT PENETRATION WELD IN
I SINGLE WELDED T-. Y-, AND K- TUBULAR
0 INDIVIDUAL
W FLAWS CONNECTIONS MADE WITHOUT BACKING.
I 1.5
DISCONTINUITIESIN THE BACKUP WELD IN THE
ACCEPT ROOT OF THE JOINT TO BE DISREGARDED.
12 25 50 100 150ORD/2
LENGTH
--
I (SEE FIGURE 6.2) ARE TO BE DISREGARDED.
ACCEPT I
ANY*
I
I l
I I I
I I
--
(A) CLASS X INDICATIONS
Figure 7.6-Ultrasonic Inspection Acceptance Criteria
68

0781i2b5 05LL4ïO 3Lï M
CLASS A WELDS AWS D3.6M:lW
ALL DIMENSIONS
IN MILLIMETERS
NOTES:
1. INTERNAL LINEAR OR PLANAR
REFLECTORS ABOVE STANDARD
SENSITIVITY (EXCEPT ROOT
OF SINGLE WELDED
T-, Y-, AND K-CONNECTIONS).
2. MINOR REFLECTORS' (ABOVE
DISREGARD LEVEL UP TO AND
INCLUDING STANDARD SENSITIVIV).
*ADJACENT REFLECTORS SEPARATED
BY LESS THAN THEIR AVERAGE
LENGTH SHALL BE TREATED AS
CONTINUOUS.
13 25, 38 50 OVER
WELD THICKNESS, rnrn 50
I I
INTERNAL LINEAR OR PLANAR
1: REFLECTORSABOVE STANDARD
SENSITIVITY (EXCEPT ROOT OF
SINGLEWELDEDT-, Y-, AND
2!
-- K-CONNECTIONS).
3€
50
64
\
\
75
\
\
ALL RELECTORS ABOVE
DISREGARD LEVEL INCLUDING
90
WELDED T-,Y-, AND
K-CONNECTIONS."'
--
100
UNDER13
UNDER75
13
15
25
150 225
38 50
305
OVER 50-
-
OVER 305
FOR THIS WELD SIZE
EVALUATE OVER THIS
WELD THICKNESS, rnrn LENGTH (NOT TO EXCEED D/2
WHERE D IS DIAMETER)
'"ROOT AREA DISCONTINUITIES FALLING OUTSIDE THEORETICAL WELD
(B) CLASS R INMCATIONS
Figure 7.6 (Continued)-Ultrasonic Inspection Acceptance Criteria
69

-_
0 03842h5 05LL49L 255
I
REJECT
114 OR TI4
E lia
I I s-~Z~UATIVE
-I
T-, Y-, AND K- ROOT DEFECTS
FOR COMPLETE JOINT PENETRATION WELD IN
5
0
UI
INDIVIDUAL
FLAWS
I l SINGLE WELDED T-. Y-, AND K- TUBULAR
CONNECTIONS MADE WITHOUT BACKING.
I 1116 DISCONTINUITIES IN THE BACKUP WELD IN THE

ROOT OF THE JOINT TO BE DISREGARDED.
ACCEPT
I I I I I
112 1 2 4 6 0 R DI2
LENGTH
114 OR TI4 - - -I REJECT
ACCUMULATIVE
INTERNAL REFLECTORS AND ALL OTHER WELDS
z. i t a -- DISCONTINUITIESTHAT ARE WITHIN H OR TI6 OF

I THE OUTSIDE SURFACE SHALL BE SIZED AS IF
G INDIVIDUAL I EXTENDING TO THE SURFACE OF THE WELD.
52
1/16 __
FLAWS \
L, -- 'REFLECTORS BELOW STANDARD SENSITIVITY
(SEE FIGURE 6.2) ARE TO BE DISREGARDED.
I
ACCEPT I
I I I I
ANY' I l I I
114 112 1 2 4 6ORDl2
LENGTH
(A) CLASS X INDICATIONS
Figure 7.6A-Ultrasonic Inspection Acceptance Criteria
70

H 0784265 05LL492 L91
114
NOTES:
112 1. INTERNAL LINEAR OR PLANAR
REFLECTORS ABOVE STANDARD
3l4
SENSITIVITY (EXCEPT ROOT
OF SINGLE WELDED
1
T-, Y-, AND K-CONNECTIONS).
2. MINOR REFLECTORS* (ABOVE
DISREGARD LEVEL UP TO AND
INCLUDING STANDARD SENSITIVITY).
1-112
'ADJACENT REFLECTORS SEPARATED
BY LESS THAN THEIR AVERAGE
LENGTH SHALL BE TREATED AS
2 CONTINUOUS.
O 112 1 1-112 2 OVER
WELD THICKNESS, in. 2
112 REFLECTORSABOVE STANDARC

SENSITIVITY (EXCEPT ROOT OF
SINGLEWELDED T-, Y-, AND
a: 1
W
8
\
\
\
\
\
Q
u
3~ I I
a ALL RELECTORSABOVE
DISREGARDLEVEL INCLUDING
ROOT REFLECTORSOF SINGLE
WELDED T-, Y-, AND
K-CONNECTIONS."
\
\ --
UNDER 112
UNDER3
112
3
1
6
1-112
9
2
12
OVER 2
OVER 12
-
- FOR THIS WELD SIZE
EVALUATE OVER THIS
WELD THICKNESS, in. LENGTH (NOT TO EXCEED Dl2
WHERE D IS DIAMETER)
"ROOT AREA DISCONTINUITIES FALLING OUTSIDE THEORETICAL WELD
(B) CLASS R INDICATIONS
Figure 7.6A (Continued)-Ultrasonic Inspection Acceptance Criteria
71

I07842b5 05LL493 028 I
I
AWS D3.6M:1999
8. Class B Welds
8.1 Application 8.3 Groove Welds

The requirements of this section apply to Class B 83.1 Test Specimens. Test specimens for Class B welds
welds. Class B underwater welds are intended for less shall be located in accordance with Figures 8.1 or 8.2.
critical applications where lower ductility, moderate po-
rosity and other larger discontinuities can be tolerated. 83.2 Test Results. Procedure Qualification test results
This class of weld shall meet the requirements of this for Class B groove welds shall meet the following re-
specification for Class B welds, and shall satisfy the quirements:
Customer’s requirements for a particular application.
83.2.1 Visual Examination. The weid shall meet the
8.1.1 Welding procedure specifications for Class B visual acceptance criteria of 8.9.
welds shall be qualified in accordance with the general
requirements of section 5, Parts I and II, and the specific 83.2.2 Radiographic Examination. The weid shall
requirements of Part I of this section. meet the radiographic acceptance criteria of 8.10.
8.1.2 All welders, including tack welders, making Class 83.23 Reduced-Section Tension Tests. The tensile
B welds shall be qualified prior to production welding in strength shall equal or exceed the specified minimum
accordance with the general requirements of section 5, tensile strength of the base metal for each sample.
Part I and III, and the specific requirements of Part II of
this section.
83.2.4 Bend Tests. The bending fixture shall con-
form to Figure 5.12 of section 5, Part 11. Maximum bend
8.1.3 Minimum examination requirements for all Class radius for testing shall be 6T unless a smaller radius is
B production welds and acceptance criteria for ail in- specified by the customer. Four samples shall be tested,
spection and examination of Class B welds, including and none shall reveal tears or other defects exceeding
that performed during procedure and performance quali- 3 mm (1/8 in.) in the weld metal or fusion zone after the
fication, are outlined in Part III of this section. bending. Tears which originate at the corner of the spec-
imen and are less than 6 mm (1/4 in.) long shall not be
cause for rejection unless they are associated with a
defect.
Part I 83.2.5 Macroetch. Macroetch test specimens shall

Procedure Qualification contain no cracks at 5X magnification and shall meet the
requirements of 8.10. Microhardness measurements shall
not exceed 375 HV10 (see 5.11.6) unless otherwise spec-
ified by the Customer.
The number and type of test specimens required for 83.2.6 Charpy Impact Test. The average and mini-
procedure qualification to test the first position and addi- mum Charpy energy values shall satisfy the requirements
tional positions for Class B welds are summarized in of Table 8.2, unless other requirements are specified by
Table 8.1. the customer.
73

AWS D3.6M:1999
- 0784265 0511494 T 6 4 m
CLASS B WELDS

CLASS B WELDS
= 07842b5 05LL495 î T O
AWS D3.6M:1999
-
-
f-- DIRECTION OF ROLLING ALL DIMENSIONS
IN MILLIMETERS
150 MIN+ 150 MIN __i

--- --- $ = f = = = = : SIDE BEND
-
---- FACE BEND
WELD METAL IMPACTS

- - - -4 4 - - - - . 500
HAZ IMPACTS
MIN
-----LA----
- --- --- 400 MIN
1
-
------ - ROOT BEND

----
e - - -
-
------ -* = I = = = =
FACE BEND
DISCARD
LAYOUT FOR SIDE BENDS

TEST PLATE 2 20 THICK
f DIRECTION OF ROLLING + +DIRECTION OF ROLLING -+

130 OR AS 130 OR AS
REQUIRED REQUIRED
==*e=ROOT BEND
===I:#==
SIDE BEND
==*e= ==*e=
250 MIN
-- e
==f.= ===fi===
FACE BEND- SIDE BEND
==CS- ===tæ==
DISCARD
TEST PLATE 2 10 THICK TEST PLATE 2 20 THICK
(6)ADDITIONAL POSITION PLATES
NOTE: FOR PLATES BETWEEN 10 mm AND 20 mm THICK, THE CUSTOMER MAY SPECIFY ROOT AND FACE BENDS OR SIDE
BENDS.
Figure 8.1-Location and ‘Spes of Test Specimens on Welded Plate Test Procedure
Qualification Assembly, Class B Groove Welds
75

AWS D3.6M:1999
- 07842b5 05LL49b 837 9
CLASS B WELDS
- ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES
-
- f--- DIRECTION OF ROLLING

DISCARD
- - = = ROOT
* aBEND= = = =
- - - - =):q====
---- -$ $ = = = =
-
-------?=I====
FACE BEND
WELD METAL IMPACTS

- - - -& + - - - - 20 MIN WELD METAL~MPACTS
HAZ IMPACTS
ti----
HAZ IMPACTS MIN
--- ---
I==== REDUCED 2ECTIPN TENSILE
,,-*q====
MACRO-

&A====
*=#====
FACE BEND
---=E=----
SIDE BEND
DISCARD
DISCARD
TEST PLATE < 38 THICK TEST PLATE 2 3 4 THICK
f DIRECTION OF ROLLING + f DIRECTION OF ROLLING +

5 OR AS 5 OR AS
REQUIRED
DISCARD
==SF=
ROOT BEND
==*e==SIDE BEND
==*e= ===$e=
SIDE BEND
===ti== -
FACE BEND-
===tt-
-
- - =-
SIDE BEND
I=-=
DISCARD
TEST PLATE 3/8THICK TEST PLATE 2 3i4 THICK
(B) ADDITIONAL POSITION PLATES
NOTE: FOR PLATES BETWEEN 3/8in. AND 3/4in. THICK, THE CUSTOMER MAY SPECIFY ROOT AND FACE BENDS OR SIDE
BENDS.
Figure 8.1A-Location and Types of Test Specimens on Welded Plate Test Procedure
Qualification Assembly, Class B Groove Welds
76

CLASS B WELDS
07842b5 05LLir97 773 =
AWS D 3 . 6 M : l M
TOP OF PIPE FOR

POSITIONS 5G A N û a I
Notes:
1. If the pipe diameter is too small to permit all specimens to be machined from a single weld, additional welds shall be made to provide
sufficient material for test.
2. First position weld: test all specimens shown. Additional position welds: use bend specimens only.
3. Type of bend specimens to be used:
a. t s 10 mm (3/8 in.)-Two root and two face bends.
b. t 5 20 mm (3/4 in.)-Four side bends.
c. T between 1O mm (3/8 in.) and 20 mm (3/4 in.), customer may specify root and face or side bends.
d. Specimen geometry as described in Figures 5.7, 5.10, and 5.11.
Figure 8.2-Location and Types of Test Specimens on Welded Pipe

Test Procedure Qualification Assembly, Class B Groove Welds in Pipe
Table 8.2
Weld Procedure Qualification-Mechanical Test Acceptance Criteria for Class B Welds
Base Metal Minimum Bend Specimen Weld Metal and H A Z Maximum
Specified Tensile Strength Maximum Bend Radius(') Charpy V-Notch Impact Test(*) Microhardnesd3)
Figure 5.12 Average Energy Minimum Energy
485 MPA (70 ksi) and below 6T 203 (15 ft-lb) 145 (10 ft-lb) 375 HVlO
Over 485 MPA to 550 MPA 6T 273 (20 ft-lb) 195 (14 ft-lb) 375 HVIO
Over 550 MPA (80 ksi) 6T 345 (25 ft-lb) 235 (17 ft-lb) 375 HV10
Notes:
1. See also 8.3.2.4.
2. See5.11.5andTable8.1,Note5.
3. See 8.3.2.5.
77

0784265 0533498 b O T m
AWS D3.6M:1999 CLASS B WELDS
8.4 Fillet Welds total number of these disconi nuities u p to 5 m m

(3/16 in.) in the greatest dimension, shall not exceed two
8.4.1 Test Specimens. Fillet weld shear strength speci- (2) per 25 mm (i in.) of weld length nor eight (8) per
mens shall be produced in accordance with the require- 150 m m (6 in.). Discontinuities less that 1.5 mm
ments of 5.11.8 (refer to Figures 5.16 or 5.17 for plate (1/16 in.) shall be ignored.
qualification and Figure 5.18 for pipe qualification). Fil-
let weld break test coupons shall be produced in accor- 8.4.2.4 Macro. Macroetch test sections transverse to
dance with the requirements of 5.11.7 (refer to Figure 5.8 the weld shall reveal no cracks at SX magnification and
for plate and pipe qualification). As an option, the con- shall meet the requirements of 8.10.
tractor may choose to qualify a multiple-pass fillet weld
procedure on the basis of a groove weld qualification in
accordance with the requirements of 5.9.2.
Part II
8.4.2 Test Results. Procedure qualification test results for Welder Qualification
Class B fillet welds shall meet the following requirements:
the visual acceptance criteria of 8.9. 8.5 Testing Requirements
8.4.2.2 Fillet Weld Shear Test. The minimum accept- The number and type of test specimens required for
able shear strength of the weld shall be 60 percent of the welder qualification for Class B welds are summarized
specified minimum tensile strength of the base metal to in Table 8.3.
be welded in production.
8.4.23 Fillet Weld Break Tests. A fillet weld break 8.6 Groove Welds
test shall pass the test if it bends flat upon itself. If the fil-
let weld fractures, it shall show fusion to the root of the 8.6.1 Test Specimens. Test specimens for welder qualifi-
joint, but not necessarily beyond for at least 90 percent of cation shall be located in accordance with Figure 8.3 for
the joint length. The fractured surface shall not exhibit groove welds and Figure 8.4 for T-, Y-, and K-connections
porosity (including piping porosity) or inclusions ex- on pipe or tubing. Four bend specimens shall be removed
ceeding S mm (3/16 in.) in the greatest dimension; the from each weld coupon. In lieu of radiographic inspection,
Table 8.3
Welder Performance Qualification-Number and Type of Test Specimens for Class B Welds
(Per Welder)
Bends(*)(See 5.11.3)
Fillet Weld
Thickness Tested Visual Radiographic Root and Break (See
Coupon Joint Type m m (in.) (See 6.9) (See 6.1i) Face Side Macro(') Figure 5.9)
T 5 10 (3/8) Yes Yes(') 2 each - - -

Plate Groove 10 (3/8) < T < 20 (3/4) Yes Yes(') 2each or 4 - -
T 2 20 (3/4) Yes Yes(') 4 - -
~~ ~~~ ~
T s 10 (3/8) Yes Yes(') 2 each - - -

Pipe Groove 10 (3/8) < T <20 (3/4) Yes Yes(') 2each or 4 - -
T z 20 (314) Yes Yes(') 4 - -
Plate Fillet All Yes - - - 2 1
~- ~ ~
Pipe Fillet All Yes - - - 4 4

Notes:
1. Ultrasonic or three Macros may be substituted (see 8.6.1).
2. For plate and pipe between 10 mm (3/8 in.) and 20 m m (3/4 in.) thick, Customer may specify either root and face bends or side bends.
3. See 5.1 1.2,8.7 and Figure 5.8, 8.1, or 8.2. Hardness tests not required.
78

0784265 05LL477 5 4 b
CLASS B WELDS AWS D3.6M:1999
DISCARD
-
----
=*e=DISCARD
ALL DIMENSIONS IN
MILLIMETERS AND INCHES
'
ROOT BEND SIDE BEND
==*e= FACE BEND
-
a.-
SIDE BEND
-
-
=3 - (loin.)
===te==
250 mm
MIN
ROOT BEND SIDE BEND
==te=
200 mm
(8 in.) MIN
===I===
FACE BEND -
SIDE BEND
==I=-
DISCARD DISCA-RD
(A) FOR PLATE
/ I
I /
(B) FOR PIPE
Notes:
1. For plates between 10 mm (318 in.) and 20 mm (314 in.) thick, Customer may specify root and face bends or side bends (for pipe).
a. t i10 mm (318 in.)-Two root and two face bends.
b. t s 20 mm (314 in.)-Four side bends.
c. t between 10 mm (3/8in.) and 20 mm (314 in.), customer may specify root and face or side bends.
d. Specimen geometry as described in Figures 5.7,5.10, and 5.1 1.
e. For rectangular tubing, rotate bend and tensile specimens approximately 45 degrees counterclockwise from indicated location.
Figure 8.3-vpe and Location of Bend Test Specimens

for Welder Qualification, Class B Groove Welds
79

0784265 051iL500 O98 =
CLASS B WELDS
AWS D3.6M:1999
ALL DIMENSIONS
IN MILLIMETERS
12 MIN
12 MAX
Figure 8.4-Test Assembly for T-, Y-, and K-Connections on Pipe or

Square or Rectangular 'lhbing-Welding Procedure and Welder
Performance Qualification, Class B Welds
1/16
1/2 MIN -
il2 MAX
112 MIN
Figure 8AA-Test Assembly for T-, Y-, and K-Connections on Pipe or

Square or Rectangular Tubing-Welding Procedure and Welder
Performance Qualification, Class B Welds
80

W 07842b5 05LL50L T 2 4
CLASS 6 WELDS AWS D3.6M:1999
three macroetch test specimens may be removed from the 150 mm (6 in.). Discontinuities less that 1.5 mm
weld adjacent to the required bend specimens; such speci- (U16 in.) shall be ignored.
mens shall be prepared and etched in accordance with
5.11, and meet the requirements of 8.6.
8.6.2 Test Results. Welder qualification test results Part III
for Class B groove welds shall meet the following Examination
requirements:
8.6.2.1 Visual Examination. The weld shall meet the

visual acceptance criteria of 8.9. 8.8 Examination Requirements
8.6.2.2 Radiographic (or Macroetch Test Specimens) All Class B production welds shall, as a minimum, be
Examination. The weld shall meet the acceptance crite- visually examined in accordance with section 6, Part II.
ria of 8.10. Any additional examination shall be as specified by the
Customer, and performed in accordance with the require-
8.6.23 Bend Tests. The bending fixture shall con- ments of section 6, as applicable. Acceptance criteria
form to Figure 5.12 of section 5, Part B. Maximum bend shall be in accordance with the following.
radius for testing shall be 6T. Four samples shall be
tested, and none shall reveal tears or other defects ex-
ceeding 3 mm (1/8 in.) in the weld metal or fusion zone 8.9 Visual Acceptance Criteria
after the bending. Tears which originate at the corner of
the specimen and are less than 6 mm (U4in.) long shall The following acceptance criteria, in accordance with
not be cause for rejection unless they are associated with the procedures and standards of section 6, Part 11, shall
a defect. apply to all Class B welds during visual examination for
surface defects.
8.9.1 The weld shall have no cracks.
8.7 Fillet Welds
8.9.2 Complete fusion shall exist between adjacent weld
8.7.1 Test Specimens. The welder shall weld fillet-weld- beads and full penetration shall exist between weld metal
break and macroetch test assemblies as shown in Figure and base metal.
5.8 in accordance with the requirements of variables and
8.93 All craters shall be filled.
positions of 5.16 and Table 5.5. The number and type of
specimens required to qualify from each assembly are 8.9.4 Weld profiles shall be in accordance with Figure
shown in Table 8.3. W A ) , (B), or (W.
8.7.2 Test Results. Welder qualification test results 8.9.5 The sum of the diameters of porosity which ex-
f o r Class B fillet welds shall meet the following ceeds 1.5 mm (U16 in.) in diameter shall not exceed
requirements: 10 mm (3/8 in.) in any linear 25 mm (1 in.) of weld.
8.7.2.1 Visual Examination. All test welds shall meet 8.9.6 Undercut shall not exceed 1.5 mm (U16 in.) in
the visual acceptance criteria of 8.9. depth with the following exception. Isolated undercut
over 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) but not more than 3 mm (1/8 in.)
8.7.2.2 Macroetch Test. Macroetch test sections shall or 20 percent of the base-metal thickness in depth,
reveal no cracks at 5X magnification and shall meet the whichever is less, shall be permitted, provided it does not
acceptance criteria of 8.10. exceed 10 mm (3/8 in.) in length and it shall be separated
by a minimum of 150 mm (6 in.) from adjacent undercut
8.7.23 Fillet-Weld-Break Tests. A fillet weld break
that is deeper than 1.5 mm (1/16 in.). The maximum
test shall pass the test if it bends flat upon itself. If the fil- length of undercut between 0.8 mm (1/32 in.) and
let weld fractures, it shall show fusion to the root of the 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) in depth shall not exceed 100 mm
joint for at least 90 percent of the joint length, but not (4 in.) in any continuous 300 mm (12 in.) of weld. Un-
necessarily beyond. The fractured surface shall not ex-
dercut less than 0.8 mm (1/32 in.) in depth shall be ac-
hibit porosity (including piping porosity) or inclusions
ceptable without restrictions.
exceeding 5 mm (3/16 in.) in the greatest dimension; the
total number of these discontinuities up to 5 mm 8.9.7 When root surfaces are present and accessible,
(3/16 in.) in the greatest dimension, shall not exceed two drop-through is not limited. Incomplete joint penetration
(2) per 25 mm (1 in.) of weld length nor eight (8) per or melt-through is limited to 3 mm (1/8 in.) maximum
81

II 07842b5 0533502 î b 0 m
AWS D3.6M:1999 CLASS 6 WELDS
NOTE: CONVEXITY C SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.1 TIMES ACTUAL LEG SIZE, OR THE LONGER LEG IN THE CASE OF AN
UNEQUAL LEG FILLET WELD, PLUS 1 mm (W64 in.).
(A) DESIRABLE FILLETWELD PROFILES (B) ACCEPTABLE FILLETWELD PROFILES

NOTE: REINFORCEMENT R SHALL NOT EXCEED 5 mm (a16 in.)
(D) ACCEPTABLE GROOVE WELD PROALE
UNDERFILL EXCESSIVE OVERLAP

UNDERCUT
(E) UNACCEPTABLE GROOVE WELD PROFILES
Figure 8.5-Acceptable and Unacceptable Weld Profiles for Class B Welds
82

07842b5 05LL503 B T 7
CLASS B WELDS AWS D3.6M:1999
depth and 100 m m (4 in.) maximum length in any 8.10.1.5 Incomplete Fusion. The maximum continu-
300 mm (12 in.) of weld length. Class B welds are fre- ous length of any single defect shall not exceed the base-
quently fillet or groove welds with a backing strip and, metal thickness, and the maximum cumulative total
therefore, root surfaces may not be visible. length of all defects shall not exceed 100 mm (4 in.) in
any 300 mm (12 in.) of weld. Incomplete fusion defects
that appear to be continuous from one bead or layer to
8.10 Radiographic and Macroetch the next are unacceptable regardless of length.
Test Acceptance Criteria 8.10.1.6 Root Underfill. Image areas indicating root
underfill shall not have a radiographic density greater
8.10.1 Radiographic Acceptance Criteria. The fol-
than that of the base metal. For the purpose of this mea-
lowing acceptance criteria for Class B production and
surement, the maximum face reinforcement shall not ex-
qualification welds, as applicable, shall be satisfied. Dis-
ceed 3 mm (1/8 in.), unless specifically approved by the
continuities found by radiographic examination shall not
Customer.
exceed the dimensions specified.
8.10.1.7 Melt-Through. The length of any unrepaired
8.10.1.1 Cracks. The welds shall have no cracks.
excessive melt-through shall not exceed the base-metal
8.10.1.2 Porosity. Dispersed pores in a size range of thickness .
from 1.5 mm (U16 in.) diameter to 5 mm (3/16 in.) di-
8.10.1.8 Accumulation of Discontinuities. The total
ameter shall not exceed 7 per linear 25 m m (1 in.) of
accumulative length of all discontinuities shall not ex-
weld per 25 mm (1 in.) of weld thickness. The maximum
ceed 100 mm (4 in.) in 300 mm (12 in.) of weld length.
pore size shall not exceed 5 mm (3/16 in.). Pores smaller
than 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) in diameter shall not be restricted 8.10.2 Macroetch Test Acceptance Criteria. Slag and
in number. porosity shall not exceed 5 percent of the surface area,
and the maximum dimension of any discontinuity shall
8.10.13 Slag. The maximum width of isolated slag
not exceed 2 mm (3/32 in.). Linear indications of 1.5 m m
inclusions shall not exceed 3 m m (1/8 in.). The maxi-
(U16 in.) and less are acceptable when associated with
mum length of any slag inclusions shall not exceed
the root of partial penetration and backing bar groove
50 mm (2 in.). The total length of slag inclusions be-
welds, provided such adjacent linear indications are sep-
tween 0.8 mm (U32 in.) and 3 mm (U8 in.) in width shall
arated by at least 3 mm (U8 in.).
not exceed 100 m m (4 in.) in any continuous 300 m m
(12 in.) of weld. Adjacent slag inclusions greater than
0.8 m m (1/32 in.) wide shall be separated by 5 m m
(3/16 in.) minimum.
8.11 Surface Examination Acceptance
8.10.1.4 Inadequate Joint Penetration. Image areas
indicating inadequate joint penetration shall not have a
Criteria
radiographic density greater than that of the base metal, The acceptance criteria of 8.9 and 8.10 shall apply to
and for this purpose, the maximum height of face rein- nondestructive surface examination (magnetic particle,
forcement shall not exceed 3 mm (U8 in.), unless specif- liquid penetrant or eddy current) performed on Class B
ically approved by the Customer. welds.
83

m 0 7 w e b s 0 ~ ~ 1 , 5 0733
4 m
AWS D3.6M:1999
9. Class C Welds
9.1 Application Figure 5.9 for plate qualification and Figure 5.8(B) for
pipe qualification, shall be prepared in accordance with
The requirements of this section apply to Class C 5.11.2. A bridge bend test coupon, as shown in Figure
welds. Class C underwater welds are intended for appli- 5.19, shall be produced in accordance with 5.11.9, unless
cations where the load-bearing function is not a primary otherwise specified by the customer. The coupons shall
consideration. Fillet welds are the only type of Class C satisfy the requirements for welding variables of Tables
weld addressed in this specification. 5.1 and 5.2.
9.1.1 Welding procedure specification for Class C welds
shall be qualified in accordance with the general require- 9.4.2 Test Results. Procedure qualification test results for
ments of section 5, Part I and II, and the specific require- Class C fillet welds shall meet the following requirements:
ments of Part I of this section. 9.4.2.1 Visual Examination. The welds shall meet
9.1.2 All welders, including tack welders, making Class the visual acceptance criteria of 9.9.
C welds shall be qualified prior to production welding in
9.4.2.2 Macroetch Test. Macroetch test sections shall
accordance with the general requirements of section 5,
reveal no cracks at 5X magnification and shall meet the
Parts I and III, and the specific requirements of Part II of
requirements of 9.10.
this section.
9.1.3 Minimum examination requirements for all Class 9.4.2.3 Bridge Bend Test (Figure 5.19). The test will
C production welds and acceptance criteria for all in- pass if no cracks open up in either the weld or heat-af-
spection and examination of Class C welds, including fected zone. The specimen is unacceptable if a crack is
that performed during procedure and performance quali- detected.
fication, are defined in Part III of this section.
Part II
Part I Welder Qualification
Procedure Qualification
9.2 Testing Requirements One fillet weld test coupon (four macroetch test spec-
One fillet weld test coupon (four macroetch test specimens) is required in each position required by Table 5.5
imens) is required in each position required by Table 5.4 for performance qualification for Class C fillet welds.
for procedure qualification for Class C welds.
9.6 Groove Welds
9.3 Groove Welds This specification does not address welder qualifica-
This specification does not address Class C groove tion for Class C groove welds.
welds.
9.7 Fillet Welds
9.4 Fillet Welds 9.7.1 Test Specimen. The test coupons shall be produced
9.4.1 Test Specimens. Fillet welded test coupons, each in accordance with Figure 5.8 for pipe and Figure 5.9 for
consisting of four macroetch specimens, as shown in plate. Four macroetch test specimens shall be removed
85

II 07ôLi2b5 0511505 b7T
AWS D3.6M3999 LWSS C WELDS
from each coupon from locations shown in Figure 5.8 or Any additional examination shall be as specified by the
Figure 5.9 and shall be prepared in accordance with Customer, and performed in accordance with the require-
5.11.2 (Refer to Table 5.6). ments of section 6, as applicable. Acceptance criteria
shall be in accordance with the following.
9.7.2 Test Results. Welder qualification test results for
Class C fillet welds shall meet the following requirements:
9.7.2.1 Visual Examination. The welds shall meet
the visual acceptance criteria of 9.9. 9.9 Visual Acceptance Criteria
9.7.2.2 Macroetch Test. Macroetch test specimens The following acceptance criteria, in accordance with
shall reveal no cracks at 5X magnification and shall meet the procedures and standards of section 6, Part II, shall
the requirements of 9.10. apply to all Class C welds during the visual examination
for surface defects:
9.9.1 The weld shall have no cracks.

Part III
Examination 9.9.2 Complete fusion shall exist between adjacent weld
beads, and f u l l penetration shall exist between weld
metal and base metal.
9.8 Examination Requirements
9.93 All craters shall be filled.
All Class C production welds shall, as a minimum, be
visually examined in accordance with section 6, Part II. 9.9.4 Weld profiles shall be in accordance with Figure 9.1.
NOTE: CONVEXITY C SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.2 TIMES ACTUAL LEG SIZE, PLUS 1 m m (W64 in.).
(A) DESIRABLE FILLETWELD PROFILES (B) ACCEPTABLE RLLET WELD PROFILES

Figure 9.1-Acceptable and Unacceptable Weld Profiles for Class C Welds
86

rn 07842b5 05LL50b 50b rn
CLASS C WELDS AWS D3.6M:lQS
9.9.5 Porosity shall not be restricted. 9.10 Macroetch Test Acceptance

9.9.6 Undercut shall not exceed 1.5 mm (U16 in.) in Criteria
depth with the following exception. Isolated undercut When examined, Class C welds shall be free of
over 1.5 mm (U16 in.) but not more than 3 mm (U8 in.) cracks, and shall meet the criteria of 9.9. Fillet welds shall
or 20 percent of the base-metal thickness in depth, have fusion to the joint root, but not necessarily beyond.
whichever is less, is permitted, provided it is separated
by a minimum of 150 mm (6 in.) from adjacent undercut
that is deeper than 1.5 mm (U16 in.). The maximum 9.11 Surface Examination Acceptance
length of undercut between 0.8 mm (1/32 in.) and
1.5 mm (1/16 in.) in depth shall not exceed 100 mm
Criteria
(4 in.) in any continuous 300 mm (12 in.) of weld. Un- The acceptance criteria of 9.9 shall apply to nonde-
dercut less than 0.8 mm (U32 in.) in depth shall be ac- structive surface examination performed on Class C
ceptable without restrictions. welds.
87

rn 0 ~ ~ 8 4 20 ~5 s~ ~ 5 0442
7 m
AWS D3.6M:1999
10. Class O Welds
10.1 Application of the weld is required to be impact tested, the weld

metal and heat-affected zone in the procedure qualifica-
The requirements of this section apply to Class O tion test coupon shall also be impact tested.
welds. Class O underwater welds are intended to meet When an all-weld metal tension test is specified, a sec-
the requirements of some other code or specification des-
ond welded test assembly should be prepared as shown in
ignated by the Customer. Class O welds shall also meet
Figures 5.13 and 5.14. (This should not be mandatory for
the requirements identified in this section. dry Class O welds unless specifically required by the Cus-
10.1.1 Welding procedure specifications for Class O tomer or referenced standard.) As an option, the length of
welds shall be qualified in accordance with the general the procedure qualification test assembly may be in-
requirements of section 5, Parts I and II, and the specific creased, and the all-weld-metal tension specimen may be
requirements of Part I of this section. removed from the procedure qualification test assembly.
10.1.2 All welders, including tack welders, making Class 10.3.2 Test Results. Procedure qualification test results
O welds shall be qualified prior to production welding in for Class O groove welds shall meet the following
accordance with the general requirements of section 5, requirements:
Parts I and III, and the specific requirements of Part II of
this section. 103.2.1 The visual and nondestructive examination
acceptance criteria and mechanical property requirements
10.13 Minimum examination requirements for all Class shall satisfy the standard designated by the Customer.
O production welds and acceptance criteria for all in-
spection and examination of Class O welds, including 103.2.2 Radiography. Radiographic examination is
that performed during procedure and performance quali- be required for groove welds and shall satisfy the desig-
fication, are defined in Part III of this section. nated standard for production welds.
103.23 All-Weld-Metal Tension Tests. The yield
and tensile strength shall not be less than the specified
Part I minimum required of the base metal. When no all-weld-
Procedure Qualification metal elongation requirement is specified by the govern-
ing standard, the minimum elongation requirement for
10.2 Testing Requirements Class A shall apply.
The number and type of test specimens required for 103.2.4 Macroetch Test. Macroetch test specimen
procedure qualification to test the first position and addi- transverse to the weld shall reveal no cracks at 5X mag-
tional positions, for Class O welds are summarized in nification. Slag, porosity, and other defects, as well as
Table 10.1. (Refer also to 5.6.) hardness exceeding limits specified by the designated
standard, shall be cause for rejection. (See Part III of this
section .)
10.3 Groove Welds 103.2.5 Charpy Impact Tests. If Charpy notch
103.1 Test Specimens. Welded test assemblies shall sat- toughness testing is required in the referenced standard,
isfy the dimensional requirements of the standard desig- the qualification weld shall be tested and shall satisfy
nated by the Customer. Provision should be made to those requirements. The weld metal shall also be impact
remove a macroetch test specimen from the procedure tested if the base material on both sides of the weld must
qualification test coupon. If the base metal on both sides meet impact test requirements. The minimum absorbed
89

W 078Y2b5 0511508 389
AWS D3.6M:1999 CLASS O WELDS
90

W 0384265 05LL509 215
CLASS O WELDS AWS 03.6M:1999
energy values and testing temperatures shall be as speci- groove and fillet welds shall be in accordance with the
fied by the referenced standard or by the Customer. requirements of the standards specified by the Customer.
Refer also to 5.15.
10.4 Fillet Welds

10.4.1 Test Specimens. The coupons required for fillet
weld qualification in the standard referenced by the Cus- Part III
tomer shall be produced. Allowance should be included Examination
to permit removal of a weld macroetch test specimen. A
groove weld shall be produced in accordance with Figure
5.13 for the all-weld-metal tensile and the Charpy V-
notch weld-metal tests.
10.6 Examination Requirements
All Class O welds shall, as a minimum, be visually
10.4.2 Test Results. The provisions of 10.3.2.1 and
examined in accordance with section 6, Part 11. Unless
10.3.23 through 10.3.2.5 shall apply to fillet weld test
otherwise specified by the Customer, all Class O produc-
results.
tion welds shall also be examined in accordance with the
requirements of the standard specified.
Part II
Welder Qualification
10.7 Acceptance Criteria
10.5 Requirements Acceptance criteria for inspection and examination of
The number and type of test specimens and the re- Class O welds shall be in accordance with the require-
quired test results for welder qualification for Class O ments of the standard specified by the Customer.
91

07842b5 OSLI510 T37
AWS D3.6M:1999
Annex A
Sample Welding Forms
(This Annex is not a part of AWS D3.6M:1999, Specification for Underwater Welding, but is included for information
purposes only.)
This Annex contains eight (8) forms that the Underwater Welding Subcommittee has approved for the recording of
procedure qualification, welder qualification, welding operator qualification data required by this specification. Refer-
ences in parentheses identify applicable sections or tables of D3.6M concerning the variables. Also included are labora-
tory report forms for recording the results of ultrasonic examination of welds.
It is suggested that qualification and NDT information required by this specification be recorded on these forms,
available from AWS, or similar forms which have been prepared by the user. A variation of these forms to suit the user’s
needs are permissible.
Al. Welding Procedure Specification-Wet Welding and Dry Hyperbaric Welding
A2. Procedure Qualification Record (PQR)-Wet Welding Variables
A3. Procedure Qualification Test Record-Wet Underwater Welding
A4. Welder or Welding Operator Performance Qualification Test Record-Wet

Welding Processes
AS. Procedure Qualification Record (PQR)-Dry Hyperbaric Welding Variables
A6. Procedure Qualification Test Record-Dry Hyperbaric Underwater Welding
A7. Welder or Welding Operator Performance Qualification Test Record-Dry

Welding Processes
A8. Ultrasonic Examination Report Form
ASA. Ultrasonic Examination Report Form
93

AWS D3.6M:1999 ANNEX A
FORM Al-WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION

WET WELDING AND DRY HYPERBARIC WELDING
AWS D3.6M:1999
Customer Job No.
Procedure No. Date
Revision No. Date
Welding Process(es)
Contract No.
94

W 0784265 0511512 BOT
ANNEX A AWS D3.6M:1999
FORM A l (Continued)-WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION

AWS D3.6M:1999
I GENERAL DATA I ENVIRONMENTAL DATA
I Client I I Water Depth
I Location I I D.W.C. Gas
I Certifying Authority I I D.W.C. Pressure

Welding Code I D.W.C. Temp. (est) I
Weld Class u
-m idity
i
JOINT DETAILS JOINT CONFIGURATION SKETCH
Configuration
Backing
Position
Alignment Clamp I
BASE PLATE MATERIAL I WELDING CONSUMABLES I

Material Spec. I Process I Type I Size I
Wall Thickness I F.C.A.W. I I I
Carbon Equiv.
I M.M.A. I I I
DOUBLER PLATE MATERIAL I PRE-HEAT I

Material Spec. Temp. Interpass Heater
I Wall Thickness I "C (Min) Temp. (Max)
I Carbon Equiv. I
TECHNIQUE
95

AWS D3.6M:1999
0 7 8 4 2 b 5 0511513 74b = ANNEX A

AWS D3.6M:1999
Item F.C.A.W. T.I.G. M.M.A.

Torch
Gas Shroud I I I I
Electrode I
Arc Length I I I I
WELD PASS SEQUENCE
Pass Progress DC Polarity Volts Amps Speed Oscillation
Procedure Qual. Welder Qual. Operational
96

m 07842b5 0511534 682 D
ANNEX A AWS 03.6M:1999

AWS D3.6M:1999
ANY OTHER RELEVANT SPECIAL DATA
APPLICABLE PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION

APPENDIX SHEETS
97

D 0784265 05L15L5 519 E
FORM A2-PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION RECORD (PQR)

WET WELDING VARIABLES
AWS D3.6M:199+Table 5.2
CONTRACTOR Page of
WPS NO. PQTR NO.
DEPTH PROCESS WELD CLASS (2.1)
Manual Machine Auto Acceptance Code (Class O Only)
BASE METAL
Thickness Fable 5.2-A.2.(a)J Specification Fable 5.2-A.2. (b)]
Minimum Tensile Strength Fable 5.2-A.2.(c)] Grade Fable 5.2-A.2.(d)]
Carbon Equivalent Fable 5.2-A.2.(d)] Carbon Content (5.6.1.3)
FILLER MATERIAL
Manufacturer Fable 5.2-A.3.(a)] Manufacturer’sType Fable 5.2-A.3.(b)]
AWS Specification AWS Classification
Electrode Size [Table 5.2-A.3.(c)] UlW Transport Method Fable 5.1-A.3.(d)]

Supplementary Coating or Waterproofing Modifications [Table 5.2-Ae3.(e)J 0YES 0NO
Max Exposure Time to Ambient Conditions (9Depth Fable 5.2-A.3.(f)]
(EXAMPLES OF TRANSPORT METHOD; PRESSURE, VACUUM, OR ONE ATMOSPHERE CONTAINER)
POSITION
Position [Table 5.2-A.4.(a)]
ELECTRICAL
Type of Welding Current Fable 5.2-A.6.(a)] Type of Power Source Fable 5.2-A.6.(b)]
TECHNIQUE
StringerlWeave Fable 5.2-A.7.(a)J Progression UplDown (Table 5.2-A.7.(b)]
Temper Beads Fable 5.2-A.7.(c) (h)] 0YES 0NO Water Barrier [Table 5.2-A.7.(g)] 0YES 0NO
ENVIRONMENT
Depth of Test Fable 5.2-A.8.(a)] Backside WeVDry Fable 5.2-A.8.(b) (c)]
Pressure Differential Fable 5.2-A.8.(d)]
COMMENTS
98

0784265 05LL5Lb 455
ANNEX A
AWS D3.6M:1999
FORM A3-PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION TEST RECORD

WET UNDERWATER WELDING
AWS SPECIFICATION D3.6M:1999
PQTR NO. Page of
Joint Detail
Include: Joint Type Fable 5.2-A.l .(a)], No. Passes Fable 5.2-A.l .(b)], Backing [Table 5.2-A.l .(c)],
Dimensions [Table 5.2-A. 1.(e)], Thicknesses Fable 5.2-A.2.(a)], Weld Bead Sequence [Table 5.2-A.7.(d)]
Measured Variables (Ranges)
Electrode Welding Current

Sizefly pe Amps Volts Travel Speed
rabie 5.2- [Table 5.2- Fable 5.2- [Table 5.2-
Pass No. ~ . 3(b)(c)i
. A.6. (c)] A.6.(d)]
Specimen Nos. Welder’s Name

Date of Testing Witnessed By
99

AWS D3.6M:1999
0784265 0513537 391 = ANNEX A
FORM A4-WELDER OR WELDING OPERATOR

PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATION TEST RECORD
WET WELDING PROCESSES
AWS D3.6M:1999 (Section 5.15)
WELDER’S NAME I.D. NUMBER

PQR NO. WPS NO. (5.15) WELD CLASS (2.1)
Process [5.16(2)1 Acceptance Code (Class O Only)
ESSENTIAL VARIABLES
BASE METAL
Thickness [5.16(4)] Diameter (Pipe) [5.16(4)]
Material Specification
FILLER METAL
AWS Classification [5.16(5)] Waterproof Coating Modifications [5.16(5)]
Supplementary Coating Modifications [5.16(5)]
POSITION
Position [5.16(7)] Progression Up/Dn [5.16(1l ) ]
ENVIRONMENT
Depth [5.16 (8)] Diving Dress [5.16(1)]
Visibility [5.16(13)] Time and Temperature of Exposure [5.1 S(l)]
TEST RESULTS
Visual Examination Radiographic
Ultrasonic Macroetch Examination
TY Pe Results TY Pe Results
FILLET WELD BREAK SPECIMENS

Fillet Size Fracture Test and Root Penetration
We, the undersigned, certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the test welds were prepared, welded,
and tested in accordance with the requirements of AWS D3,6M:1999, Specification for Underwater Welding, section 5.1 6.
Inspection Co. Inspector
Test Lab Conducted By
Contractor Authorized By
Date of Welder Test Lab Report No.
1O0

0784265 05115119 228
FORM A H R O C E O U R E QUALIFICATION RECORD (PQR)

DRY HYPERBARIC WELDING VARIABLES
AWS D3.6M:lWGTable 5.1
CONTRACTOR Page of
WPS NO. PQR NO.
DEPTH PROCESS WELD CLASS
Manual Machine Auto Acceptance Code (Class O Only)
BASE METAL
Specification Grade
Thickness Fable 5.1-A.2.(a)] Carbon Content (5.6.1.3)
Minimum Tensile Strength [Table 5.1-A.2.(c)]
FILLER MATERIAL
Manufacturer Fable 5.1-8.3) AWS Filler Metal Type Fable 5.1-A.3.(a)]
U N Transport Method Fable 5.1-A.3.(b)] Supplementary Coating Fable 5.1-A.3.(c)] YES 0NO
Max Exposure Time To Ambient Atmosphere @ Depth [Table 5.1-A.3.(d)]
Electrode Size (SMAW) Fable 5.1-B.3.(c)] Root Hot Fill Cap

Filler Wire Diameter [GMAW, Table 5.1-C.3.(d)] [FCAW, Table 5.1-D.3.(c)] [GTAW & PAW, Table 5.1-E.3.(c)]
(EXAMPLES OF TRANSPORT METHOD; PRESSURE, VACUUM, OR ONE ATMOSPHERE CONTAINER)
POSITION
Position [Table 5.1-A.4.(a)]
WELDMENT TEMPERATURE
Interpass/Preheat [Table 5.1 - A 5 (a)] Postheat Treatment Fable 5.1-A.5.(b)]
ELECTRICAL
Type of Welding Current Fable 5.1-A.6.(a)] Type of Power Source Fable 5.1-6.(b)]
TECHNIQUE
StringerNeave Fable 5.1-A.7.(a)] Progression Up/Down Fable 5.1-A.7.(b)]
Temper Beads Fable 5.1-A.7.(c)] OYES 0NO Peening Fable 5.1-A.7.(h)] 0YES 0NO
ENVIRONMENT
Backside WeffDry [Table 5.1-A.8.(b)(d)] Breathing Gas/PP02 Fable 5.1-A.8.(c)]
SHIELDING GAS
Nominal % Composition Fable 5.1-C.9.(a)] Flow Rate Fable 5.14.9.(b)]
Nozzle Orifice Diameter Fable 5.1-C.9.(c)]
(See Table 5.1-D.9. and Table 5.1-E.9. for Flux Core and GTA welding)
101

I
I 07842b5 05L15Lï Lb4
ANNEX A AWS D3.6M1999
FORM AGPROCEDURE QUALIFICATION TEST RECORD

DRY HYPERBARIC UNDERWATER WELDING
AWS D3.6M:199&Table 5.1
PQTR NO. Page of
Joint Detail
Include: Joint Type [Table 5.1-A.l .(a)], No. Passes [Table 5.1-A.l .(b)], Backing [Table 5.1-A.l .(c)], Dimensions
[Table 5.1-A.l .(e)],ThicknesSes [Table 5.1-A.2.(a)], Weld Bead Sequence [Table 5.l-A.7.(all)]
Measured Variables (Ranges)
Welding Current
Electrode
Sizeflype Amps Volts Travel Speed
[Table 5.1- [Table 5.1- Fable 5.1 - [Table 5.1-
Pass No. B. (c) (dl1 B.~.(c)] B.6.(b)] A.7.(e)] Remarks
Specimen Nos. Welder’s Name
Date of Testing Witnessed By
102

AWS D3.6M:1999
m
FORM A7-WELDER OR WELDING OPERATOR

078q2b5 05Ll1520 98b - ANNEX A
PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATION TEST RECORD

DRY WELDING PROCESSES
AWS D3.6M:1999 (Section 5.15)
WELDER’S NAME 1.0. NUMBER

POR NO. WPS NO. (5.15) WELD CLASS (2.1)
Process [5.16(2)] Acceptance Code (Class O Only)
ESSENTIAL VARIABLES
BASE METAL
Thickness [5.16(4)] Diameter (Pipe) [5.16(4)]
FILLER METAL
AWS Classification [5.16(5)]
Supplementary Coating Modifications [5.16(5)]
POSITION
Position [5.16(7)] Progression Up/Dn [5.16(1 I)]
ENVIRONMENT
Depth [5.16 (8)] Shielding Gas [5.16(10)]
Breathing Gas [5.16(9)]
Time and Temperature of Exposure [5.16(1)]
TEST RESULTS
Visual Examination Radiographic
Ultrasonic Macroetch Examination
GUIDED BEND, TENSILE, OR NICK-BREAK TEST
Type Results Type Results
FILLET WELD BREAK SPECIMENS

Fillet Size Fracture Test and Root Penetration
We, the undersigned, certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the test welds were prepared, welded,
and tested in accordance with the requirements of AWS D3.6M:1999, Specification for Underwater Welding, section 5.16.
Inspection Co. Inspector

Test Lab Conducted By
Contractor Authorized By
Date of Welder Test Lab Report No.
103

m 078q265 0511521 812 m
FORM AB-ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION REPORT FORM
ALL DIMENSIONS
IN MILLIMETERS
NDT COMPANY NAME JOB NO.

WELD NO.
NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION REPORT DATE
ENVIRONMENT
NDE METHOD: O UT OMT 0 PT ORT 0
NDE PROCEDURE NO.: TECHNIQUE:
EQUIPMENT USED:
INDICATION LOCATION AND EVALUATION
TOP OF STRUCTURE
(INSTALLED POSITION)
3 104
UT AMPLITUDE
CATEGORY
NDE TECH.
NDE CO.
INSPECTOR

0784265 0511522 759
FORM AIA-ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION REPORT FORM
DIMENSIONS
ARE IN INCHES
NDT COMPANY NAME JOB NO.

WELD NO.
NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION REPORT DATE
ENVIRONMENT
I
NDE METHOD: 0 UT MT OPT RT O o

NDE PROCEDURE NO.: TECHNIQUE:
EQUIPMENT USED:
INDICATION LOCATION AND EVALUATION
TOP OF STRUCTURE
(INSTALLEDAPOSITION)
UT AMPLITUDE 2 3
CATEGORY DRL-ARL OVER ARL
NDE TECH.
NDE CO.
I INSPECTOR
105

07842b5 05LL523 b î 5 I
AWS D3.6M:1999
Annex B
Terms and Definitions
purposes only.)
The terms and definitions in this glossary are unique to confirmation weld. A test weld made at the underwater
underwater welding and applicable to this specification. work site prior to production welding. The confirma-
tion weld is intended to demonstrate proper function-
ambient pressure. Pressure of the environment sur- ing of the welding system (e.g., power supply and
rounding the welding arc. welding leads) under actual conditions (e.g., wave ac-
tion, visibility, current). It is not intended to be used as
arc-dry. A condition in which the welding arc and any
requalification of the welding procedure, welder, or
shielding gas are separated from the aqueous environ-
ment by a mechanical barrier. both.
controlled rolling. A thermomechanical treatment for
arc-wet. A condition in which no mechanical barrier exists forming steel plate. The final thickness reduction is
between the welding arc and the aqueous environment. made near the critical temperature, producing a fine-
background gas. Gas which serves to displace water, grained steel of improved toughness.
but is not necessarily intended to shield the arc. It may crack. A fracture-type discontinuity characterized by a
or may not be breathable. sharp tip and high ratio of length and width to opening
displacement.
bottom time. Time normally used in diving to calculate
decompression. In this specification, it is taken to be customer. The party contracting for the work or the au-
the total elapsed time measured in minutes, from the thorized representative.
time when the diver leaves the surface in descent, to
the time that the diver begins ascent. depth. Distance below the water surface at which under-
water welding is executed.
caisson. A watertight chamber used underwater in con-
direct visual examination. Examination performed at
struction work or as a foundation.
the weld site of the surface appearance of a weld. (See
carbon equivalent. Carbon equivalent (CE) is an empir- also indirect visual examination .)
ical guide relating the chemical composition of steel dive team. Divers and support personnel involved in a
with hydrogen-induced cracking tendencies. Carbon diving operation, including the designated person-in-
Equivalent is calculated in accordance with 5.6.1.3. charge.
cofferdam. A watertight barrier that surrounds the weld diving mode. A type of diving requiring specific equip-
site. When the water is evacuated, the weld site is at ment, procedures, and techniques (Le., SCUBA, sur-
atmospheric pressure. face-supplied air, mixed gas saturation diving, etc.).
cofferdam welding. Welding below the water surface in- dry-backed weld joint. The condition in which all water
side a cofferdam. Both the welder and the arc are in a is excluded from contact with any part of the weld
dry environment. joint for a distance of 150 mm (6 in.) or greater.
1O7

I0784265 0511524 521 M
AWS D3.6M:1999 ANNEX B
dry chamber welding. A hyperbaric underwater weld- mixed-gas diving. A diving mode in which the diver is
ing method in which the weldment is in a dry environ- supplied in the water with a breathing gas other than air.
ment provided by a chamber fitted over the joint to be one-atmosphere welding. Welding underwater in a
welded. Water is displaced from the chamber by gas pressure vessel in which the pressure is maintained at
at ambient pressure. The chamber may be of any size, approximately one atmosphere independent of depth.
and is such that diving dress is required.
saturation diving. A diving mode which does not im-
dry-spot welding. An underwater welding method in pose limits on exposure time, nor require decompres-
which only the arc is in a dry environment, and where sion until the diver’s work is completed. This mode is
the protective welding gases are maintained at the arc used when pressure at working depths makes surface
by a mechanical barrier. diving impractical, due to limited exposure time and
dry welding. Any welding in which water is excluded extended decompression after each dive.
from the immediate vicinity of the arc by a mechani- scuba diving. A diving mode, independent of surface
cal barrier. supply, in which the diver uses open-circuit self-
essential variable. Essential variables are those for contained underwater breathing apparatus.
which a change may affect the mechanical properties surface diving. Diving mode in which the diver returns
of the weldment or the operating characteristics of the to atmospheric conditions after each dive. The breath-
procedure. ing mixture, air or mixed gas, is supplied to the diver
from the surface.
faying surface. The mating surface of a member that is
in contact with or in close proximity to another mem- T-, Y-, and K-connections. A truss joint or node in tu-
ber to which it is to be joined. bular structures formed by members whose axes inter-
sect in T-, Y-, K-, and other configurations.
gas diving, Use of gases other than air for the breathing
gas. temper bead. An over-lapping weld bead applied adja-
cent to, but not in contact with, the base metal with
habitat welding. A hyperbaric underwater welding the intent to minimize hardness, and-when applied
method in which the weldment and the welder are in a within defined time constraints-to promote hydro-
dry environment, provided by a chamber of sufficient gen release in the base metal heat-affected zone.
size to contain the welder and to permit free move-
ment by the welder inside of it. Water is displaced underwater stage. A suspended underwater platform
from the chamber by gas at ambient pressure. The which supports a diver in the water.
chamber is such that diving dress is not required dur- underwater welding. Any welding performed below the
ing welding. water surface.
heavy gear. Diver-worn deep sea dress including helmet, underwater work site. The location underwater where
breastplate, dry suit, and weighted shoes. work is performed.
hyperbaric conditions. Pressure conditions in excess of visual examination. A general term which includes both
surface pressure. indirect and direct examination of the surface of a weld.
image quality indicator. (lai)A device whose image in welder/diver. A person who is qualified in accordance
a radiograph is used to determine radiographic quality with this specification to perform underwater welding.
level. It is not intended for use in judging the size nor welding system. All welding equipment and supplies
for establishing acceptance limits of discontinuities. it used for making a weld.
is commonly referred to as a penetrameter.
weld type. A group of groove or fillet welds having sim-
indirect visual examination. Examination of the surface ilar mechanical properties, similar surface appearance
appearance of a weld by methods that do not require requirements and quality, and capable of withstanding
that the inspector be at the weld site. Methods may in- similar operating conditions.
clude photographic, video, or other means approved
by the Customer. (See also direct visual examination.) wet-backed weld joint. A weld joint contained in a dry
chamber when a water wet surface is less than
inspector. See 1.3.1 150 mm (6 in.) from the joint.
inspector/diver. A person capable of conducting an in- wet welding. Welding at ambient pressure with the
vestigation, such as visual or radiographic, at an un- welder/diver in the water and with no mechanical bar-
derwater site. rier around the arc.
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07842b5 OCLL525 468
AWS D3.6M:1999
Annex C
Commentary on AWS D3.6M: 1999,
Specification for Underwater Welding
purposes only.)
Foreword Ci. General Provisions

This commentary on AWS D3.6M: 1999, Specifica- C1.4 Application
tion for Underwater Welding, is primarily intended to
provide clarification of its provisions, requirements, and C1.4.1 The early editions of the specification contained
intended applications. In addition, the Commentary pro- various references to “Owner,” “Customer,” and “Inspec-
vides background information, where appropriate, to ex- tor.” These terms were intended to (respectively) relate
plain the rationale behind its unique requirements- to: (1) contractual, (2) engineering, design and approval,
especially those which differ from the common codes and (3) inspection aspects of the work. The subcommittee
and specifications dealing with conventional surface, or decided that all responsibilities should be under the aus-
“in-air” welding. In so doing, an attempt is made to re- pices of one party-termed the Customer-who is
flect the bases for the requirements as discussed in D3B responsible for formally delegating defined scopes of re-
Subcommittee meetings and as substantiated by related sponsibility to those whom the Customer selects.
research and development or practical application of the To assist the user of this specification in identifying
specification. the nature and scope of individual responsibilities as-
This Commentary is not intended to supplement the signed to the Customer, a detailed listing of reference
requirements of AWS D3.6M, but rather to provide an paragraphs has been provided in the index under the
informative document for explanation, interpretation, heading “Customer.”
and application of the specification; as such, none of its
provisions are binding. Comments or inquiries pertaining
to this Commentary are welcome and should be ad-
C1.6 Welding Process
dressed to the Secretary, D3B Subcommittee, as indi- C1.6.1 The five welding processes covered by this spec-
cated in the Foreword to this specification. ification are all suitable (under certain conditions) for
dry underwater welding; however, only two have had
substantial success i n wet underwater applications-
Preface shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) and flux cored arc
welding (FCAW).
It is the intention of the D3B Subcommittee on Un-
derwater Welding to revise this Commentary with each C1.10 Standard Units of Measure
revision of the specification. In this manner, the bases for
all substantive changes will be provided concurrent with in this specification, a “soft” conversion between
the changes. United States Customary and SI Units is generally
109

m 0 7 8 4 2 b 5 053352b 3 T 4
AWS D3.6M:1999 ANNEX C
reflected in the text-as well as in figures which do not comparable to welds produced above water in accor-
have an IS0 counterpart-in order to make the document dance with AWS D1.l or ASME Section IX. This class
more user-friendly. The soft conversion utilizes metric or of groove weld is qualified on the basis of visual and ra-
U S . integers and sizes wherever exact conversion is not diographic examination, reduced section tension, all
technically necessary. weld-metal tension, 2T to 3-1/3T bends, macroetch,
The metric figures incorporate, where applicable, hardness and impact tests. Testing for fillet welds include
equivalent standard metric coupon/specimen shapes and fillet-weld-break and fillet-weld-shear tests. The accep-
dimensions when provided by applicable IS0 Standards. tance criteria for all qualification testing, nondestructive
in such cases, related test acceptance criteria have been examination, and inspection is very similar to the codes
adjusted to reflect disproportionate differences. Where a covering above-water welding.
more appropriate metric standard detail exists, the cus- Class A welding procedures are generally specified
tomer is at liberty to utilize it-provided, of course, the for most dry hyperbaric welding of ferritic and austenitic
test data is properly reconciled with the results stipulated base metals (routinely for depths to 500 fV150 m and in
in the specification. In such cases, the Subcommittee re- some cases to 2000 ft/600 m) and for shallow (less than
quests that the more appropriate metric standard be 50 ft/15 m) wet shielded metal arc or flux-cored arc weld-
brought to its attention for future incorporation into the ing of austenitic stainless steels. However, some success
specification. has been achieved in qualifying wet flux cored arc weld-
ing for ferritic steel base metals to the requirements of
Class A, and there has been limited success in wet
SMAW welding of mild steel base metals meeting the
C2. Classification and Design Class A bend test criteria.
of Welded Connections C2.1.5 Class B Welds. Class B defines an intermediate
set of mechanical and examination requirements repre-
senting a slightly lower level of quality, but still resulting
C2.1 Classification of Welds in a weld of predictable strength. Class B welds are
intended for less critical applications where reduced duc-
The categorization of welds for underwater welding tility and increased porosity can be tolerated. The suit-
posed several questions for the D3B Subcommittee on ability of Class B welds for a particular application is
Underwater Welding, including whether to categorize intended to be evaluated on a fitness-for-purpose basis.
welding by the different processes or procedures used to Class B welds are qualified similarly to Class A, except
produce the weld or to establish levels of quality reflect- that a larger bend radius (typically 6t) is used for qualifi-
ing the mechanical and physical properties achievable cation testing, and the acceptance limits of porosity for
with underwater welding processes. The subcommittee visual and radiographic tests are expanded.
ultimately chose the latter criterion as having the most Class B requirements are generally applied for most
meaning to the user community. wet welding of ferritic steel base metals at depths of from
For the majority of underwater welding, it was de- O to 50 m (150 ft), with occasional applications to depths
cided to specify three types of welds representing three of 100 m (325 ft). Class B is also used for welding of
levels of quality: Type A, Type B, and Type C welds. It austenitic stainless steels at depths to about 25 m (75 ft).
was also decided to provide the user with all of the quali-
C2.1.6 Class C Welds. Class C welds satisfy lesser re-
fication, installation, and examination requirements per-
quirements than the other types and are intended for
tinent to these three types of welds in one stand-alone set
applications where the load-bearing function is not a pri-
of requirements, or specification. In addition, it was rec-
mary consideration. A Class C weld is intended for fillet
ognized that in some situations the user would require a
welding temporary or minor attachments to structures
weld that met all of the obligatory codes and standards
and therefore is not required to develop full strength. The
applicable to a weld made on the surface. Type O was
specified requirements are intended to ensure that the
created for these welds and was intended to imply that
weld does not impair the integrity of the primary struc-
“other” requirements applied in addition to the unique re-
ture. The only qualification tests required for Class C
quirements pertinent to the underwater environment.
welds are macroetch examinations and a bridge bend test
Since these four categories generally reflected levels of
which is intended to demonstrate that no detrimental
quality, the term was changed, in the 1993 Edition of
cracking occurs in the base metal as a result of the weld
AWS D3.6, from type to class.
deposit.
C2.1.4 Class A Welds. Class A defines a stand-alone set Due to the ever-present possibility of HAZ cracking,
of requirements for underwater welds intended to be it is generally recommended that Class C welds qualified
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0784255 05LL527 230
ANNEX C AWS D3.6M:1999
only by macroetch be applied solely to non-critical mem- work site is functioning properly. It is not intended to be
bers of a structure or to primary members having a low a retest of the procedure nor of welders who have already
(<0.40) carbon equivalent (CE). Class C welding to com- been qualified.
ponents with higher CE, therefore, should require a
bridge bend test on material of similar CE.
C2.1.7 Class O Welds. Class O invokes the qualifica- C3.5 Dimensional Tolerances
tion, installation, and examination requirements, includ- Minimum specified size and length of welds must be
ing acceptance criteria, of some “other” code or standard satisfied to ensure that required design strengths are
applicable to above-water welding such as API-1104, as achieved. Limitations are imposed on the size of fillet
specified by the Customer. However, since the essential welds and lengths of all welds for purposes of avoiding
variables that must be incorporated into an underwater excessive distortion of the welded members.
welding procedure are much more extensive than for a
surface weld, this specification takes precedence relative
to essential variables for procedure and performance
qualification.
C3.7 Tack Welds and Temporary
Class O welding procedures are generally applicable Welds
to the same underwater welding conditions as noted C3.7.1 Since it is difficult, especially in wet welding, to
above for Class A welds. completely remelt tack welds, it is essential that all tack
welds be made with a fully qualified procedure. Cracked
tack welds should never be welded over since they can
be generating points for faults and progressive cracking.
C3. Workmanship
C3.8 Repairs
C3.3 Assembly
For weldments requiring repair underwater, it is es-
C3.3.1 Dry Welding. The standard tolerances for joint sential that excavation and subsequent preparation for
preparation and fit-up provided in Figure 3.1 may be ap- welding be accomplished properly and carefully. Exces-
plied to dry welding. Alternatively, during development sive excavation for wet welded repairs can result in burn-
of dry welding procedures, the most restrictive groove through which may be impossible to repair properly. In
angle, root opening and root face may be tested [see some cases, use of a mock-up sample may be necessary
A.l.(f) of Table 5.11. in either case, the WPS must iden- to pre-qualify a repair procedure. By using a properly de-
tify the tolerances to be applied. veloped and qualified repair procedure, most problems
C3.3.2 Wet Welding. Joint designs typically utilized in
associated with the repair of weldments can be avoided,
the performance of underwater wet welding are generally with the integrity of the finished product ensured.
more restrictive in nature, due to the limitations of the
process. Position, steaming, bubbling effects, arc pres-
sure, electrode diameter, deposition rates, and many C3.10 Arc Strikes
other variables significantly affect the ability to make Arc strikes occurring outside of the weld area can re-
sound weldments in this environment. Consequently, sult in untempered hardened and embrittled areas having
joint designs should be as simple as possible, minimizing a potential for micro-fissures which can cause crack-ini-
use of the overhead position. For wet welding, joint as- tiation and propagation. All arc strikes encountered dur-
sembly and fit-up tolerances are critical and must be es- ing underwater welding must be removed with light
tablished during qualification testing. This specification grinding or filing.
does not require that the extremes be tested, only that the
most restrictive configuration be tested and qualified (see
A.l.(e) of Table 5.2). However, the range or limits must
be specified in the WPS (see reference 5.9.4). C4. Technique
C3.4 Confirmation Weld C4.1 Filler Metal

The purpose of the confirmation weld is to confirm The two most popular electrodes for wet welding of
that the welding system to be utilized at the underwater carbon steel are the E6013 and E7014. For dry hyper-
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07842b5 0533528 377
baric welding, some low-hydrogen electrodes such as Austenitic Stainless Filler Metal. Because of the influ-
E7018M, are produced with improved moisture-resistant ence of ferrite in preventing hot-cracking in austenitic
flux coatings. However, just meeting the AWS require- materials, average delta ferrite content of austenitic filler
ments for these classifications does not mean that a par- metal is often considered an important factor in wet un-
ticular filler metal will be capable of producing the derwater welding of stainless steel, and even when stain-
desired results underwater. Even a single manufacturer less filler metal is used on carbon or alloy steel base
can produce several different types of filler metal fulfill- metals. Use of austenitic filler metal with average ferrite
ing the requirements for a single AWS classification, and content of 7FN or greater has proven to significantly re-
only one-or even none-may be suitable for under- duce the potential for hot-cracking. The amount of undi-
water use. luted delta ferrite, or Ferrite Number, can be determined
Even for dry hyperbaric welding, moisture resistance from an analysis of the chemical composition of the weld
of the flux coating can have a significant effect on the metal using the latest WRC Constitution Diagrams or
electrodes ability to resist humidity, such as that found in from direct ferrite measurement of weld metal in accor-
the underwater habitat. For these reasons, the specifica- dance with AWS A5.4, Specification for Stainless Steel
tion requires any change in electrode (AWS classifica- Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding. In cases of
tion, manufacturer, manufacturer’s trade name) to be an welds involving dissimilar metals (e.g., carbon steel
essential variable (reference section 3 of Tables 5.1 and welded with austenitic stainless steel or nickel elec-
5.2). trodes), the potential for galvanic corrosion should be
considered.
C4.1.2 Waterproofing of electrodes, particularly for wet
welding, is common practice. There are many different
types and methods of waterproofing, and the different
types or methods of coatings react in various ways on
different electrodes. For example, one type of coating C5. Qualification-Procedure
may work well on a mild steel electrode and not work at and Performance
all on stainless steel. Even different coating thicknesses
will cause a change in the way an electrode performs; a
heavy coating will cause the arc to elongate, resulting in
an increase in the arc voltage. Part I
C4.1.3 Transporting of electrodes for dry underwater General Requirements
welding is an essential variable due to the fact that get-
ting the electrode to the work site could adversely affect Underwater welding procedure and performance
the quality of the rod. Also, when a pressurized container qualification requirements must take into consideration
is used for transport in either wet or dry underwater factors which are not applicable to surface welding qual-
welding, the media used to pressurize the container ification testing. Such factors as increased weldment
should be the same as used during qualification, includ- cooling rate, arc constriction due to pressures at depth,
ing moisture content of the pressurizing media. Once the and high-hydrogen arc atmospheres, among others, re-
rod is at the work site, it is important that the storage of quire some degree of additional qualification testing as
the electrodes be consistent with that utilized during compared with surface welding.
qualification testing, since once an exposure and storage The qualification requirements of this specification
method has been established, any variation in that pro- consider the fact that the final welded fabrication will not
cess creates unknown variables that can have adverse ef- be as accessible for subsequent inspection as a fabrica-
fects on the mechanical properties of the production tion welded on the surface. Accordingly, these require-
welds. ments are intended to provide a reasonable degree of
Standard electrode coatings and supplemental coat- confidence in the lifetime structural integrity of weld-
ings (particularly those used for waterproofing purposes) ments produced using the procedures and personnel
have been found to deteriorate after lengthy submer- qualified in accordance with this specification.
gence in the wet environment or high-humidity atmo-
spheres associated with dry underwater welding. Since
such deterioration adversely impacts the weldability of
the filler metal, the time of exposure underwater is also
C5.2 Previous Qualification
considered an essential variable and is required to be es- It is up to the Customer to ensure that all of the appli-
tablished during qualification testing and defined in the cable essential variables (for both procedure and perfor-
WPS. mance qualifications) are met. The review and approval
112

0784265 05LL529 003 D
of previous qualification documents should be carried out ination can be reduced by application of the stringer bead
by someone who is familiar with reviewing welding doc- technique or use of temper beads. In the latter case, it is
uments and with the requirements of this specification. essential that the tempering layer be applied very soon
(typically less than one minute) after deposition of the
previous bead.
C5.3 Performance Qualification When carbon and low-alloy steels with carbon equiv-
alents greater than 0.40 percent are wet welded, the
If a welder-diver qualifies to a class A procedure and heat-affected zone of the base metal is susceptible to
all essential variables from Table 5.2 are the same the hydrogen-induced cold cracking and undesirable high
welder-diver is also qualified to weld production welds hardness. For underwater dry hyperbaric welding, pre-
that are designated Class B and Class C. If a welder- heating and maintenance of interpass temperatures is
diver qualifies to a Class B procedure and all essential commonly used for the control of moisture. However,
variables from Table 5.2 are the same the welder-diver is when welding carbon and low-alloy steels with compara-
also qualified to weld production welds that are desig- tively high carbon equivalents, specific heat treatment
nated Class C. may be required to optimize notch toughness and reduce
hardness in the heat-affected zone.
C5.5.2 Limitations on Essential and Nonessential
Variables. The number and type of essential variables (3.6.1.4 When the following elements are known to
are quite different for underwater welding than for sur- exist in the base metal in amounts exceeding the indi-
face welding. This is necessary because of differences in cated weight percentages, consideration should be given
welding in the underwater environment and the effects of to requiring similar percentages of those elements in the
changes (Le., depth, diving mode) in the underwater en- welding procedure qualification test plates:
vironment. It will be noted that filler metal manufacturer (i) cerium, 0.03%
is an essential variable; this is because filler metals from (2) chromium, 0.25%
different manufacturers, although of the same AWS clas- (3) copper, 0.40%
sification, may produce different results underwater (see (4) lead, 0.05%
Commentary section 4.1). It will also be noted that base- (5) molybdenum, 0.15%
metal chemical composition controls are generally tighter (6) nickel, 0.40%
with respect to the essential variables; this is due to the (7) niobium (columbium), 0.05%
higher propensity for base metal cracking as cooling (8) phosphorous, 0.05%
rates are increased (see C5.6.1.3). (9) sulfur, 0.05%
Almost every variable that can have an influence on (10) titanium, 0.05%
heat input is essential for wet welding. Better welding (11) vanadium, 0.12%
quality is typically achieved using small diameter elec- The presence of elements above these percentages is
trodes in a stringer-bead technique. Multi-layer beads- generally indicative of a special alloy or non-ferritic base
especially using promptly-applied temper-bead tech- metal.
niques-are also very beneficial in wet ferritic applica- (3.6.2 Depth Range
tions, as are quickly applied post weld heat treatments.
Such methods can reduce the amount of absorbed hydro- C5.6.2.1 The gas absorption of molten material is di-
gen, as well as reduce hardness in the heat-affected zones rectly related to the surrounding pressure and the temper-
of the base metal. ature of the molten material. The higher the surrounding
pressure or temperature, of the liquefied materials, the
more gas that can be absorbed. This is a reversible pro-
cess. High cooling rates can therefore lead to entrapped
C5.6 Procedure Qualification gas due to a reduced solubility in solidified material.
Variables During solidification, the entrapped gas cannot evaporate
C5.6.1 Requirements for Base Metais from the warmer inner part through the rigid shell. This
will then lead to a gas bubble (pore) in the cooled weld-
C5.6.13 Carbon steels suitable for general-purpose ment. The deeper the operational depth in which the
wet welding are those with a carbon content of less than welding process is applied, the higher will be the pore
0.10% and a Carbon Equivalent (CE) of less than 0.40%. formation.
Steels with CE greater than 0.40% have a strong ten- Because different filler metals have different levels of
dency for hydrogen-induced cold cracking (HICC) and sensitivity to water depth/pressure, Table 5.3 has differ-
can only be wet-welded utilizing special materials and ent depth limitations for mild steel, austenitic stainless
techniques. The cracking effect due to hydrogen contam- steel, and other filler metals. The limitations are based on
113

E O784265 0511530 825 E
the experience that wet welding procedures have been cracking in the weld metal and adjacent base metal.
qualified with carbon and low alloy steel electrodes Hydrogen-induced underbead cracking can be a prob-
down to 325 ft (100 m) while the maximum depth for lem, especially when wet welding the higher carbon
wet welding qualification of nickel-based electrodes is equivalent base metals.
typically only 30 ft (10 m). Maximum qualification Suitable etchants may include those described by
depth for austenitic stainless steel filler metal is reported ASTM E 340, Standard Test Method for Macroetching
to be 90 ft (30 m). Metals and Alloys, IS0 4969, Macroscopic Examination
by Etching With Strong Mineral Acids, ANSIIAWS B2.1
Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance
C5.8 Position of Test Welds Qualijïcation-Annex F, or ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code, Section iX QW-470.
The international Standard Organization (KO) weld- When Macroetch specimens are to be used for hard-
ing position designations (reference IS0 6947) are used ness testing, the two machined surfaces must be parallel
in this document. There presently are no [SO designa- to produce meaningful results.
tions for 6GR (for T-, Y-,K-connection full-penetration
groove joints) nor for Pipe Fillet position 1F. C5.11.3 Root, Face, and Side Bend Specimens. Trans-
in wet welding, the flat and horizontal positions are verse bend tests are performed to verify the soundness
and ductility of the weld metal, weldbase metal interface,
usually the simplest with which to weld in the underwa-
and heat-affected zones (HAZ) of the underwater weld-
ter environment. Vertical-down, because of the rapid
ment. Since even minute surface impressions can drasti-
cooling effects of water, is usually the preferred direction
for wet underwater welding, resulting in good welder cally influence bend test results, consideration should be
given to the final finish of the tested surface. Also, the di-
visibility and a bead with soft, smooth shape. Uphill
rection of any surface finishing or polishing should be
welding typically results in increased undercut and rough
aligned along the longitudinal axis of the specimen.
bead transitions with a propensity for slag inclusions.
Overhead is the most difficult position in wet welding, C5.113.2 The wrap around jig has been found to be
due to presence of gas bubbles which can obstruct the particularly beneficial when the test assembly consists of
visibility of the arc and weld puddle, causing the welder two different plate or pipe materials having significantly
to utilize an increased arc length. different yield strengths, or when the deposited weld
metal has significantly different as-deposited yield
strength from the base metal being welded.
(25.9 Joint Configuration C5.11.4 All-Weld-Metal Tension Test. All-weld-metal
Table 5.1 (dry welding) and Table 5.2 (wet welding) tension tests are specified for Class A and Class O welds
include joint configurations as essential variables. Joints to evaluate potential hydrogen damage, and to ensure
that may be welded underwater can vary from simple to that a particular filler metal meets the ultimate tensile
complex. Joint design is included as an essential variable strength, yield strength and elongation requirements
due to the effects of groove shape on the quality of the specified at the depths and in the environment applicable
weld that is produced. to the actual welding.
if the all-weld-metal specimen is machined from a
procedure qualification test weld, it may be necessary to
prepare a smaller specimen proportional to the specified
C5.11 Preparation and Testing of size. In this case, the diameter, D, should be the largest
Specimens able to be machined from the test weld, and the L/D ratio
must meet that specified.
C5.11.1 Reduced-Section Tension Specimens. Re-
duced-section tension specimens are used to confirm the C5.11.5 Charpy Impact Tests. The orientation of the
tensile strength suitability of the underwater weldment Charpy impact specimen relative to plate rolling direction
for the intended application. The dimensions of the re- can have a pronounced effect on the measured impact
duced-section tensile specimens are identical to those toughness of the HAZ. Maximum toughness is generally
required by ANSi/AWS D1.l. To comply with the re- obtained when the fracture plane is perpendicular to the
quirements of IS0 4136, the width of the tensile speci- rolling direction. Some material specifications and codes
mens for metric plate tests was increased to 25 mm give different minimum toughness requirements for trans-
(1 in.). versely and longitudinally oriented specimens.
C5.11.2 Macroetch Test. Macroscopic examinations C5.11.6 Hardness Test. in underwater welding, high
ensure, in addition to overall weld quality, the absence of hardness is most likely to be found in the HAZ of the
114

base metal; as carbon content and carbon equivalent in- tion, thermal environment and length of exposure time,
crease so does HAZ hardness. Developmental work has and reduction support provided to the weldeddiver.
demonstrated that with special temper bead welding Although these conditions can have a significant im-
techniques, Class B wet welds can be made on high car- pact on a person’s ability under certain circumstances,
bon (0.20%)/high carbon equivalent (0.46%) base metal they are not always applicable and are no longer classi-
that meets AWS D3.6 specified maximum hardness of fied as essential. They should, however, be considered as
325HV10 for Class A welds. potential supplemental essential variables whenever
more severe production conditions exist.
C5.11.7 Fillet Weld Break Test. The fillet weld break (i) A welder that needs to utilize GTAW welding on
test is a simple method for evaluating the soundness of a job and is only currently qualified for the SMAW pro-
fillet welds. If it fractures through the weld, visual exam- cess cannot use the GTAW process until he/she qualifies
ination of the fracture surfaces provides information on on that additional process.
the amount and size of porosity, slag inclusions, and root (2) Direction of vertical travel applies only to the PF
penetration. and PG (3G, 3F, 6G, and 5F positions where the vertical
weld orientation may be encountered), and H-L045and
C5.11.8 Fillet Weld Shear Strength Test. Fillet weld
shear strength tests are required for fillet weld procedure
J-LO45(6G) positions. A welder who only qualifies
welding vertical downhill is not qualified to weld vertical
qualification in order to ensure that the extent of any
uphill, or vice versa.
weld discontinuities and the influence of the underwater
environment do not result in a strength level failing to
meet the specified requirements.
C5.21 Period of Effectiveness
C5.11.9 Bridge Bend Test. A base-metal evaluation test The specification requires that for qualified
for Class C welds intended to demonstrate that a weld welder/divers to remain qualified, they must produce at
will not act as a fracture initiation site. The specification least one inspected and accepted fillet weld (to retain fil-
requires the carbon content and carbon equivalent of the let weld qualification) or groove weld (to retain fillet and
test plate to be not less than the carbon content and carbon groove weld qualification) with each procedure at least
equivalent of the material to be welded in production. In once every ninety days. Application of a bead-on-plate
addition, the test plate should be of the same material type or similar “process use” applications are not acceptable
and grade, as well as heat-treated condition (normalized for purposes of retaining performance qualifications for
vs. as-rolled) as that to be welded in production. underwater welding.
(3.13 Supplemental Requirements

C6. Inspection
Supplemental requirements are sometimes specified
in the contract to verify conformance with specific de-
sign criteria applicable to unique situations. The most Part I
common supplemental testing requirements imposed on
procedure qualification are Hardness Testing (specifi- General Requirements
cally identified as to type, quantity and location of mea-
surement points), Charpy Impact (including specific
quantity, and location of specimens and notches) and C6.8 Personnel Qualification
special fracture toughness tests such as CTOD (Crack Underwater ultrasonic examination is often accom-
Tip Opening Displacement). plished as a team effort, requiring considerable skill on
the part of a topside ultrasonic inspector employing clear,
effective communication with a diver. In this case, a
C5.16 Limitations of Variables qualified, certified ultrasonic inspector performs the test-
ing with a diver serving to position the transducer at the
The mandatory variables identified in the specifica- required locations on the tested component. The diver
tion have been revised to include only those related to also provides comments and input on conditions such as
skill and ability of the welder/diver and to exclude those pitting, biofouling, or coating failures. All data interpre-
which relate more to physical stamina. Variables which tation, equipment adjustment, etc., is performed topside
have been excluded include working environment (wet, by the inspector whose qualification should include
dry chamber, dry habitat), change in diving suit protec- demonstration of ability to effectively communicate with
115

W 0 7 8 4 2 b 5 0511532 bTã M
and provide direction to a relatively inexperienced diver electric charging of film during transport between the
manipulating the transducer. surface and the underwater work site.
Part IV
Part II Ultrasonic Examination
Visual Examination
C6.13 General
C6.9 General Other ultrasonic methods which may be approved by
the Customer include ANSI/AWS D1.l, Structural Weld-
The logistics and expense associated with diving support
ing Code-Steel, paragraph 6.15, Ultrasonic Equipment.
for third party inspection personnel often necessitate that
remote video examination methods be employed for in-
spection of underwater welding. Recent technological im-
provements, such as solid-state video pickups and C6.14 Procedure
enhanced white light sources, permit continuous viewing of Ultrasonic examination procedures should consider
the welding operation, which can be advantageous to the routine maintenance necessitated by use in the underwa-
experienced inspector in confirming the over-all acceptabil- ter environment. In particular, attention should be paid to
ity of an underwater weldment. Such video methods, com- the fact that coax cables will deteriorate after several
bined with audio communication with and assistance from weeks exposure to salt water, and may require frequent
the weldeddiver, may also be employed by a topside in- testing to establish need for replacement.
spector to verify dimensions, weld sizes and weld locations.
C6.14.1 Minimum Requirements. Procedures must ad-
dress required surface preparation, which can be depen-
dent upon the type of examination used. For example,
C6.10 Procedure use of shear wave for flaw detection could require more
Remote video inspection procedures for critical appli- extensive surface cleaning. Also, the procedure must
cations often require in-situ calibration by demonstrating consider the fact that certain geometries utilized for un-
ability to detect a fine object, such as a one-mil wire po- derwater wet welds may not be conducive to ultrasonic
sitioned on the surface of the weld to be examined. When examination techniques.
magnified video is used in cases where surface examina- The following should be considered in the selection of
tion techniques would normally be used (such as for wet equipment for use in the underwater environment: Suit-
underwater stainless steel weldments) the inspection pro- ability for use with long cable lengths, water-tightness of
cedure and visual inspectors should be qualified by dem- transducer bodies, waterproof sealing of transducer con-
onstrating ability to detect sample discontinuities nections (e.g., use of self-vulcanizing rubber tape) and
rejectable by the surface examination acceptance criteria. use of a local ultrasonic CRT screen to help the trans-
ducer direction. In some cases it may be beneficial to uti-
lize a s u p e r i m p o s e d v i d e o i m a g e o f t r a n s d u c e r
manipulation with the ultrasonic CRT screen.
Part III
Radiographic Examination
Part V
Magnetic Particle Examination
C6.12 Procedure
It is important that radiographic equipment identified C6.16 Procedure
in the procedure be designed and constructed for under-
water (wet or hyperbarically-pressurized) environments. Since the apparent weight of magnetic particles is less
Improperly contained radiation sources can become in water than in air, the particles are more mobile in the
flooded, resulting in contaminated spill hazards. Cathode water and “find” cracks or other unacceptable indications
ray tubes, on the other hand, usually necessitate very sta- more readily. Additionally, since magnetic forces are un-
ble mounting. Lengthy exposure time and even thin films affected by water and gravitational forces are reduced,
of water can adversely affect the results. In all cases, leakage fields are more effective in holding particles at
there is a potential for film anomalies caused by static- the site of a discontinuity. Underwater magnetic particle
116

0784265 0533533 534 M
equipment typically consists of permanent magnet or wa- supplemental magnetic particle examination, where fea-
terproofed alternating current yokes with articulating sible, to provide visual indication of the discontinuity for
legs, utilized with a slurry of magnetic particles and wa- removal purposes. Eddy current examination can be par-
ter. A white or ultraviolet light source is normally re- ticularly advantageous for inspecting through coatings,
quired to provide adequate lighting of the inspected in poor visibility conditions, and at locations affected by
areas. Magnetic particle examination procedures used in wave action or sea currents.
underwater applications require prior verification testing Geometric shape and surface finish of the weldment
of field strengths using metallic field strength indicators. must be considered in selection of equipment for per-
in addition, it is essential that ac circuits be totally iso- formance of eddy current examination in the underwater
lated to avoid the possibility of electrocution in the un- environment. In addition, the following should be
derwater environment. considered.
Use of a phase display for differentiation of surface
conditions, durability and compatibility of the probe, wa-
Part VI terproofing of the probe, suitability of equipment for
Eddy Current Examination driving the signals over long cable lengths. The probe
should be capable of examining the toes of welds, and
the probe-coil arrangement should be of a proven design
C6.17 General (e.g., reflection coil). In some cases, it may be worth-
Eddy current testing can be effective in detecting the while to superimpose a video image of the probe manip-
presence of cracks open to the surface, but may require ulation with the eddy current CRT phase display.
117

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AWS D3.6M:1999
Annex D
Recommended Guidelines for Safety in Underwater Welding
(Informative Annex)
purposes only.)
The following recommendations reflect the consensus safe practices/operations manual which reflects, as a
opinion of industry representatives on the AWS D3B minimum, all legal regulations applicable to the specific
Subcommittee on Underwater Welding. AWS and the work location. This manual should be made available at
Subcommittee make no assurances regarding accuracy, the dive location to each dive team member. The opera-
completeness, or thoroughness of these recommendations manual should include, in addition to diving safety
tions, and expressly disclaim responsibility for any in- procedures, procedures dealing with the use of hand-held
j u r y o r d a m a g e arising from adherence to these power tools and welding and thermal cutting equipment.
recommendations. Users should make an independent
determination as to the appropriateness of these recom-
mendations, both generally and as applied to a specific D3.0 Communications
situation.
Two-way communications should be available and ac-
cessible at any diving or hyperbaric work site in order to
D1.O Scope engage emergency services as required. In addition,
when underwater welding or cutting is to be performed,
This annex is limited to recommended safe practices constant two-way voice communications should be
specifically related to underwater welding and associated maintained between the diver and a topside supervisor or
work activities performed in either a dry (hyperbaric) or tender in control of the welding or cutting equipment.
a wet environment. Although these guidelines are pre-
sented as recommendations, many of their provisions are
mandatory, depending on the legal jurisdiction applicable D4.0 Electrical Equipment
at the work location. For additional recommendations
applicable to safety in underwater welding, and for re- All underwater electrical equipment powered from
quirements and recommendations applicable to diving topside should be equipped with a ground fault inter-
and diver safety, see the references at the end of this rupter (GFI), between the power source and the tool. Al-
annex. ternating current (ac) circuits should never be used for
manual or diver-assisted welding or cutting activities be-
neath the surface of the water.
D2.0 Safe Practices/Operations Welding machine frames should be securely
Manual grounded. Welding and cutting cables, electrode holders,
and connections should be properly insulated and capa-
Each contractor involved in diving activities involv- ble of carrying the maximum current required for the
ing underwater welding should develop and maintain a work.
119

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AWS D3.6M:1999 ANNEX D
Welding and thermal cutting electrical circuits should Underwater habitats should be continuously moni-
have a positive disconnect switch. The switch should re- tored for presence of excessive amounts of toxic, as-
main open at all times except during actual welding or phyxiating, narcotic, and explosive gases. For example,
cutting. When an electronically-actuated switch is used these include, argon and carbon dioxide (used by the
for routine circuit activation, a manual emergency dis- welding procedure), helium (from mixed breathing gas),
connect should be within easy reach of the person tend- nitrogen (when used to offset partial pressure in the habi-
ing the switch. tat), welding fumes including carbon monoxide (from
the welding process), and hydrogen and oxygen (due to
possible explosion).
D5.0 Hand-Held Power Tools
All hand-held electric power tools should comply
with the requirements of D4.0, above. Ali hand-held hy- D7.0 Performance of Work
draulic and pneumatic power tools should have a con-
stant pressure switch or control which causes the tool to Hand-held power tools should only be supplied with
stop upon release. power from the dive location when requested by the
diver.
A current supply switch to interrupt the current flow
to the welding or thermal cutting electrode should be
D6.0 Preparation for Work tended by a dive team member in voice communication
A Job Hazard Analysis, or tailboard, should be held with the diver performing the welding or cutting, and
prior to each diving task, before any hand-held power kept in the open position except when the diver directs its
tools are used, and before any welding or thermal cutting closure for performance of welding or cutting.
is performed.
A pre-defined method for welder direction to energize
and de-energize the welding or cutting circuits, including
supervisor or tender acknowledgment of action taken, D8.O Inspections and Examinations
should be established and agreed upon prior to any un- Radiographic examination procedures should address
derwater welding or electrode-thermal cutting. it should the safety aspects of controlling and using radioactive
be emphasized to the welder that the circuit must be sources. Equipment used to contain the sources should
opened prior to touching or changing any electrode. be designed and constructed in accordance with appli-
All required equipment should be inspected prior to cable regulatory standards for use in the underwater
use to ensure it is in safe operating order. All electrical environment.
devices and umbilicals should be inspected carefully be- Use of alternating current (ac) for performance of
fore all operations, and prevented from becoming diver-assisted examinations should be avoided. Where
abraded or cut over sharp edges. GFI circuits should be they are used, ac circuits should be totally isolated to pre-
tested prior to, and at regular intervals through-out, the vent the possibility of electrocution.
operation.
All hand-held electrical tools and equipment, includ-
ing hand-held electrical equipment inside bells and habi-
tats, should be de-energized at the surface before being D9.0 References
placed into or retrieved from the water.
Insulated gloves should be worn by the diver while (i) AWS Welding Handbook, 8th Ed., Volume 3,
engaged in underwater welding and cutting. insulated Chapter 10.
gloves should also be worn whenever handling any elec- (2) ADC Consensus Standards-Latest Edition, As-
trical equipment or cables underwater-including de- sociation of Diving Contractors, Houston, TX.
energized components. (3) OSHA 1910 (Subpart T)-Occupational Safety
Prior to thermal cutting or welding on closed com- and Health Act. (Also issued as 29CFR Chapter XViI.)
partments, structures or pipes which contain a flammable (4) 46CFR Chapter 1, Subchapter V-Marine Occu-
vapor or in which a flammable vapor may be generated pational Safety and Health Standards, Part 1 9 7 - C o d e of
by the work, should be vented, flooded, or purged with a Federal Regulations.
mixture of gases which will not support combustion. (5) Code of Practice for the Safe Use of Electricity
(This is not mandatory for, hot-tapping, operations.) Underwater, Association of Offshore Diving Contractors.
120

07842b5 05LL53b 243 M
AWS D3.6M:1999
Annex E
References
(This Annex is not part of AWS D3.6M:1999, Specification for Underwater Welding, but is included for information
purposes only.)
The following documents may be referred to for addi- C. Destructive Testing

tional information concerning diving, construction stan-
dards, welding, and testing.
(i) ANSI/AWS B4.0, Standard Methods for Me-
chanical Testing of Welds, American Welding Society,
A. Construction Standards Miami, FL
(2) ASTM E 8M, Standard Test Methods for Ten-
(1) ANSIJASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, sion Testing of Metallic Materials (Metric), American
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA
NY (3) ASTM E 18, Standard Test Methods for Rock-
(2) APi RP 2.4, Recommended Practice for Planning, well Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of
Designing, and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms, Metallic Materials, American Society for Testing and
American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC Materials, Philadelphia, PA
(3) Guide for Building and Classing Fked Offshore (4) ASTM E 23, Standard Methods for Notched
Structures, American Bureau of Shipping, Paramus, NJ Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials, American
(4) Rules for Building and Classing Offshore Mobile Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA
Drilling Units, American Bureau of Shipping, Paramus, (5) ASTM E 190, Standard Method for Guided
NJ Bend Test for Ductility of Welds, American Society for
Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA
( 5 ) Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels,
American Bureau of Shipping, Paramus, NJ (6) IS0 148, S t e e l x h a r p y impact test (V-Notch)
(7) ISOJR 442, Verification of pendulum impact ma-
B. Diving chines for testing steels
(8) ISO/R 615, Methods for determining the mechan-
(1) 29 CFR 1910, Occupational Safety and Health ical properties of the weld metal deposited by electrodes
Standards, Subpart T, Commercial Diving Operations 3.15 mm or more in diameter
(2) 46 CFR 197.200, U.S. Coast Guard Commer- (9) IS0 716, Metallic materials-Hardness test-
cial Diving Regulations Verification of Rockwell hardness testing machines
(3) Consensus Standards for Commercial Diving (scales A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-K)
Operations, Association of Diving Contractors, Hous- (10) IS0 4964, Steel-Hardness conversions
ton, TX (il) IS0 5173, Fusion welded butt joints in steel-
(4) NAVSHIPS 0994-LP-001-9010, U.S. Navy Div- Transverse root and face bend test
ing Manual, Volume 1: Air Diving Volume 2: Mixed- (12) IS0 6507-1, Metallic materials-Vickers hard-
Gas Diving ness test-Part 1: Test method
(5) NOAA Diving Manual: Diving for Science and (13) IS0 6507-2, Metallic materials-Vickers hard-
Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce ness test-Part 2: Verification of testing machines
121

m 0 7 8 4 2 b 5 05LL537 LBT W
AWS D3.6M:1999 ANNEX E
(14) IS0 6508, Metallic materials-Hardness test- (16) IS0 8249, Welding-Determination of ferrite
Rockwell test (scales A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-K) number in austenitic weld metal deposited by covered
(15) IS0 7500-1, Metallic materials-Verification of Cr-Ni steel electrodes
static uniaxial testing machines-Part 1: Tensile testing (17) IS0 9712, Non-destructive testing-Qualifica-
machines tion and certification of personnel
(16) ISO/rR 10108, Steel-Conversion of hardness (18) IS0 9935, Non-destructive testing-Penetrant
values to tensile strength values flaw detectors-ûeneral technical requirements
(17) ISO/TR 12735-1, Mechanical testing of metals- (19) IS0 10375, Non-destructive testing-Ultrasonic
Symbols used with their definitions-Part 1: Symbols inspection-Characterization of search unit and sound
and definitions in published standards field
(20) Metals Handbook, Ninth Edition, Volume 17,
(18) Welding Handbook, 8th ed., Volume 1, Welding
1989, “Nondestructive Inspection and Quality Control,”
Technology, Chapter 12, Testing for Evaluation of
ASM International, Metals Park, OH
Welded Joints, American Welding Society, Miami, FL
(21) Rules for Nondestructive Testing of Hull
D. Nondestructive Examination Welds, American Bureau of Shipping, Paramus, NJ
(22) Welding Inspection, 2nd Ed., 1980, American
(i) ANSI/AWS B1.lO, Guide for the Nondestructive Welding Society, Miami, FL
Inspection of Welds, American Welding Society, Miami,
FL E. Safety
(2) ANSVAWS B1.ll, Guide for the Visual Znspec- (1) 29 CFR 1915, Occupational Safety and Health
tion of Welds, American Welding Society, Miami, FL Standards for Shipyard Employment, Subpart D, Weld-
(3) ASTM A 577, Specification for Angle-Beam ing, Cutting and Heating
Examination of Steel Plates, American Society for Test- (2) 46 CFR Chapter 1, Subchapter V-Marine Occu-
ing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA pational Safety and Health Standards, Part 197, code of
(4) ASTM A 578, Specification for Straight Beam Federal Regulations
Ultrasonic Examination of Plain and Clad Steel Plates (3) ADC Consensus Standards, Association of Div-
f o r Special Applications, American Society for Testing ing Contractors
and Materials, Philadelphia, PA (4) ANSUAWS F4.1, Recommended Safe Practices
(5) ASTM E 94, Recommended Practice for Radio- for the Preparation f o r Welding and Cutting of Con-
graphic Testing, American Society for Testing and Ma- tainers That Have Held Hazardous Substances, Ameri-
terials, Philadelphia, PA can Welding Society, Miami, FL
(6) ASTM E 142, Controlling Quality of Radio- (5) ANSUAWS 249.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting,
graphic Testing, American Society for Testing Materials, and Allied Processes, American Welding Society, Mi-
Philadelphia, PA ami, FL
(7) IS0 1027, Radiographic image quality indicators (6) ANSI 287.1, Practice for Occupational and Ed-
for non-destructive testing-Principles and identification ucational Eye and Face Protection, American National
(8) IS0 3058, Non-destructive testing-Aids to vi- Standards Institute
sual inspection-selection of low-power magnifiers (7) Code of Practice for the Safe Use of Electricity
Underwater, Association of Offshore Diving Contractors
(9) IS0 3059, Non-destructive testing-Method for
indirect assessment of black light sources (8) National Electrical Code, National Fire Protec-
tion Association, Quincy, MA
(10) IS0 3452, Non-destructive testing-Penetrant in-
(9) NFPA 5 1B, Standard for Fire Prevention in the
spection-General principles
Use of Cutting and Welding Processes, National Fire
(11) IS0 3999, Apparatus for gamma radiography- Protection Association, Quincy, MA
Specification
(10) NFPA No. 51, Standard f o r the Installation and
(12) IS0 5576, Non-destructive testing-Industrial Operation of Oxygen-Fuel Gas Systems f o r Welding
X-ray and gamma-ray radiology-Vocabulary and Cutting, National Fire Protection Association,
(13) IS0 5580, Non-destructive testing-Industrial ra- Quincy, MA
diographic illuminators-Minimum requirements (il) OSHA 1910 (Subpart T), Occupational Safety
(14) IS0 5655, Photography-Film dimensions-In- and Health Act
dustrial radiography (12) Welding Handbook, 8th ed., Volume 3, Materials
(15) IS0 6520-1, Welding and allied processes-classi- and Applications-Part 1, Chapter 10, Underwater
fication of geometric imperfections in metallic materials- Welding and Cutting, American Welding Society, Mi-
Part 1: Fusion welding ami, FL
122

= 07842b5 0513538 OLb
ANNEX E AWS D3.6M:1999
E Welding (21) MIL-STD-271, Requirements for Nondestruc-

tive Testing Methods
(1) ANSIIAWS A5.1, Specification for Carbon Steel
(22) MIL-STD-1628, Fillet Weld Size, Strength, and
Electrodes f o r Shielded Metal Arc Welding, American
Efficiency Determination
Welding Society, Miami, FL
(23) NAVSEA S0300-BB-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Un-
(2) ANSUAWS A5.4, Specification for Stainless
derwater Cutting and Welding Manual
Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding, Amer-
(24) Welding Handbook, 8th ed., Volume 3, Materials
ican Welding Society, Miami, FL
and Applications-Part 1, Chapter 10, Underwater Weld-
(3) ANSUAWS ASS, Specification for Low Alloy
ing and Cutting, American Welding Society, Miami, FL
Steel Covered Arc Welding Electrodes, American Weld-
ing Society, Miami, FL
Addresses of Publishers of Documents Listed in
(4) ANSIIAWS A5.18, Specification for Carbon
Annex E
Steel Electrodes and Rods f o r Gas Shielded Arc Weld-
ing, American Welding Society, Miami, FL American Bureau of Shipping [ABS)
(5) ANSIIAWS A5.20, Specification for Carbon 45 Eisenhower Drive
Steel Electrodes f o r Flux Cored Arc Welding, American P.O. Box 910
Welding Society, Miami, FL Paramus, NJ 07653-0910
(6) ANSVAWS A5.28, Specification for Low Alloy
Steel Electrodes and Rods f o r Gas Shielded Arc Weld- American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
ing, American Welding Society, Miami, FL 11 West 42nd Street
(7) ANSUAWS A5.29, Specification for Low Alloy New York, NY 10036
Steel Electrodes f o r Flur Cored Arc Welding, American
Welding Society, Miami, FL American Petroleum Institute (API)
(8) ANSUAWS B2.1, Specification for Welding 1220 L Street, N.W.
Procedure and Performance Qualification, American Washington, DC 20005
Welding Society, Miami, FL
The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.
(9) API Rp 1107, Recommended Pipelines Mainte-
nance Welding Practices, American Petroleum Institute, (ASNT)
Washington, DC 1711 Arlingate Lane
(10) API Std. 1104, Standard for Welding Pipelines P.O. Box 28518
and Related Facilities, American Petroleum Institute, Columbus, OH 43228-0518
Washington, DC
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
(11) ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Sec-
1916 Race Street
tion IX, Welding and Brazing Qualifications, American
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY
(1 2) Bureau Veritas; Underwater Welding, General American Welding Society (AWS)
Information and Recommendation, January 1986 550 N.W. LeJeune Road
(13) Det Norske Veritas, Recommended Practice RP Miami, FL 33126-9743
B604, January 1987
(14) IIW DOC SCUW 124-90, Standard Guidelines ASN International (formerly: American Society for Metals)
f o r Specification of Underwater Fusion Welding Metals Park, OH 44073
(15) IS0 3088, Welding requirements-Factors to be Association of Diving
considered in specifying requirements for fusion welded Houston, TX
joints in steel (technical influencing factors)
(16) IS0 3834-1, Quality requirements for welding- Government Printing Office (GPO)
Fusion welding of metallic materials-Part 1: Guidelines Superintendent of Documents
for selection and use 710 North Capitol Street, N.W.
(17) IS0 9606, Approval testing of welders-fusion Washington, DC 20401
welding
(18) IS0 9956, Specification and approval of welding International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
procedures for metallic materials Case Postale 56
(19) MIL-STD-22, Welded Joint Design CH-1211, Geneva 20
(20) MIL-STD-248, Welding and Brazing Proce- Switzerland
dure and Performance Qualification (Note: IS0 standards are available from ANSI) www.iso.ch
123

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AWS D3.6M:1999 ANNEX E
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Det Norske Veritas (DNV)

1 Batterymarch Park DNV Loss Control Management
P.O. Box 9101 4546 Atlanta Highway
Quincy, MA 02269-9904 Loganville, GA 30249-2637
4041466-2208
Det Norske Veritas Industry (NDVI)
Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) Veritas Veien 1
Naval Publication & Forms Center N-1322 Hovik
5801 Tabor Avenue Norway
Philadelphia, PA 19120 International Institute of Welding (IIW)
ZI Paris Nord II
BP 50362
Military Standards (MIL-STD) F-95942 Roissy CDG Cedex
Naval Publication and Forms Center France
5801 Taber Avenue Phone: 011-33-1-49-90-36-08
Philadelphia, PA 19120 FAX: O1 1-33-1-49-90-36-80
124

07842b5 05LL540 774 E
AWS D3.6M:1999
Annex F
Guidelines for Preparation of Technical Inquiries
for AWS Technical Committees
(Nonmandatory Information)
(This Annex is not a part of AWS D3.6M:1999, Specificationfor Underwater Welding, but is included for information
purposes only.)
Fl. Introduction F2.1 Scope. Each inquiry must address one single pro-
vision of the Standard, unless the point of the inquiry
The AWS Board of Directors has adopted a policy involves two or more interrelated provisions. That provi-
whereby all official interpretations of AWS standards sion must be identified in the Scope of the inquiry, along
will be handled in a formal manner. Under that policy, all with the edition of the standard that contains the provi-
interpretations are made by the committee that is respon- sions or that the inquirer is addressing.
sible for the standard. Official communication concern-
ing an interpretation is through the AWS staff member F2.2 Purpose of the Inquiry. The purpose of the inquiry
who works with that committee. The policy requires that must be stated in this portion of the inquiry. The purpose
all requests for an interpretation be submitted in writing. can be either to obtain an interpretation of a Standard re-
Such requests will be handled as expeditiously as possi- quirement, or to request the revision of a particular pro-
ble but due to the complexity of the work and the proce- vision in the Standard.
dures that must be followed, some interpretations may F23 Content of the Inquiry. The inquiry should be con-
require considerable time. cise, yet complete, to enable the committee to quickly
and fully understand the point of the inquiry. Sketches
should be used when appropriate and all paragraphs, fig-
ures, and tables (or the Annex), which bear on the in-
F2. Procedure quiry must be cited. If the point of the inquiry is to obtain
All inquiries must be directed to: a revision of the Standard, the inquiry must provide tech-
nical justification for that revision.
Managing Director, Technical Services
American Welding Society F2.4 Proposed Reply. The inquirer should, as a pro-
posed reply, state an interpretation of the provision that is
550 N. W. LeJeune Road
the point of the inquiry, or the wording for a proposed re-
Miami, FL 33126
vision, if that is what inquirer seeks.
All inquiries must contain the name, address, and af-
filiation of the inquirer, and they must provide enough
information for the committee to fully understand the F3. Interpretation of Provisions of the
point of concern in the inquiry. Where that point is not
clearly defined, the inquiry will be returned for clarifica-
Standard
tion. For efficient handling, all inquiries should be type- Interpretations of provisions of the Standard are made
written and should also be in the format used here. by the relevant AWS Technical Committee. The secre-
125

W 0784265 05LL54L 600 m
AWS D3.6M:1999 ANNEX F
tary of the committee refers all inquiries to the chairman Standard. The Board of Directors’ Policy requires that all
of the particular subcommittee that has jurisdiction over A W S Staff members respond to a telephone request for
the portion of the Standard addressed by the inquiry. The an official interpretation of any A W S Standard with the
subcommittee reviews the inquiry and the proposed reply information that such an interpretation can be obtained
to determine what the response to the inquiry should be. only through a written request. The Headquarters Staff
Following the subcommittee’s development of the re- can not provide consulting services. The staff can, how-
sponse, the inquiry and the response are presented to the ever, refer a caller to any of those consultants whose
entire committee for review and approval. Upon ap- names are on file at A W S Headquarters.
proval by the committee, the interpretation will be an of-
ficial interpretation of the Society, and the secretary will
transmit the response to the inquirer and to the Welding
Journal for publication. F6. The AWS Technical Committee
The activities of A W S Technical Committees in regard
to interpretations, are limited strictly to the Interpretation
F4. Publication of Interpretations of provisions of Standards prepared by the Committee or
All official interpretations will appear in the Welding to consideration of revisions to existing provisions on the
Journal. basis of new data or technology. Neither the committee
nor the Staff is in a position to offer interpretive or con-
sulting services on: (1) specific engineering problems, or
(2) requirements of Standards applied to fabrications out-
F5. Telephone Inquiries side the scope of the document or points not specifically
Telephone inquiries to AWS Headquarters concerning covered by the Standard. In such cases, the inquirer
A W S Standards should be limited to questions of a gen- should seek assistance from a competent engineer experi-
eral nature or to matters directly related to the use of the enced in the particular field of interest.
126

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AWS D3.6M:1999
Index
If subject is found in more than one subparagraph, only the primary paragraph is listed.
A Class C Welds, 9.0

Acceptance Criteria, 9.8-9.11
Acceptance Criteria, See Type of Inspection Definition, 2.1.6
Alignment, See Fit-üp Inspection, 9.8
All-Weld Metal Tension Test, 7.3.2.47,.4.2,10.3,10.4 Procedure Qualification, 9.2-9.4
Arc Strikes., 3.10 Welder Qualification, 9.5-9.7
Assembly, See Fit-Up Class O Welds, 10.0
Acceptance Criteria, 10.7
Conflicts, 1.4.3,5.65.15
,
B Definition, 2.1.7
Inspection, 10.6
Backing, 3.3.1.1,5.16 Procedure Qualification, 10.2-10.4
Base Metals, 1.5,5.6.1 Welder Qualification, 5.15,10.5
Discontinuities, 3.2 Cleaning, 3.2,3.11,6.5.1
Preparation, 3.2,3.8, 3.11 Confirmation Weld, 3.4, 6.4.3
Repair, 3.2,3.8.2, 6.6.2 Contractor Responsibilities, 1.9,3.2.3,5.4,5.15,6.1.1,6.1.4,
Bend Radius, 5.11.3,7.3.2, 8.3.2 6.3-6.6,6.10.2
Bend Testing, 5.11.3,7.3.2, 7.6,8.3.2,8.6 Corrosion, 3.2.1
Blow Holes, 3.2.2 Cracks, 3.10,7.6.2,7.9,7.10,8.9,8.10,9.4,9.7,9.9,9.10
Break Test, See Fillet Weid Break Test Craters, 7.9,8.9,9.9
Bridge Bend Test, 5.11.9, 9.4 Customer
Approval Requirements, 1.4.4,3.2.1,3.3,3.5,3.7.2,3.8,
5.1.1,5.4,5.6.1,5.11.4,6.2.10,6.4.1,6.4.3,6.6.2,6.9.2,
C 6.10.2,
6.17.2,
6.10.4,6.12.1,6.12.1
6.18.4
6.14,6.15.2,6.16.4,
0,
Carbon Content, 1.5.1,5.6.1.4 (See also Prerogatives, below)

Carbon Equivalent, 1.5.1,5.6.1 Definition, 1.4.1
Charpy ImpactTests,5.11.5,7.3.2,7.4.1,7.4.2,8.3.2,
10.3,10.4 Inspection Requirements, 3.1,6.2.2,6.36.10,6.12
,
Chemical Composition, 5.6.1 Notification Requirements, 3.2.3,6.1.4,
6.14.3
Class (defined), Foreword, 2.1 Prerogatives, 1.4.1,1.6.2,2.2,2.1.3,3.2.3,3.7.2,4.2,5.2,
Class A Welds, 7.0 5.6.1,5.11.4,5.13,5.14,5.17.2,6.1.3,6.2.2,6.3-6.5,
Acceptance Criteria, 7.9-7.12 6.8.1,6.9.2,6.10.1,6.11.2,6.12,6.17.2,7.8,8.8,9.4.1,
Definition, 2.1.4 9.8,10.3,10.6
Inspection, 7.8 Responsibilities, Foreword, 1.2,1.5.2,
2.1.2,2.2,3.1,5.8.2,
Procedure Qualification, 7.2-7.4 6.1.3,6.11.3, 6.8.1,6.10.4,6.12.10,
7.12,10.0
Welder Qualification, 7.5-7.7
Class B Welds, 8.0
Acceptance Criteria, 8.9-8.1 1
Definition, 2.1.5 D
Inspection, 8.8 Definitions, 1.7,Glossary
Procedure Qualification, 8.2-8.4 Deoxidation, 3.2.2
Welder Qualification, 8.5-8.7 Depth (Range), 5.6.2,5.16
127

W 078Li2b5 05335Li3 483 m
AWS D3.6M:1999 INDEX
Design, 2.2 Fit-Up, See Fit-Up

Diameter (Pipe), 5.16 Penetration, 7.9, 8.9,S.lO
Drop-Through, 8.9
Dry Chamber, Foreword
Dry Spot Welding, Foreword
Dye Penetrant, See Liquid Penetrant 1
Laminations, 3.2.3
Liquid Penetrant Examination, 6.7.6.5
Acceptance Criteria, 7.11, 8.11, 9.11, 10.7
E
Eddy Current Examination, 6.7.6,6.8.3,6.8.8,6.17,6.18,7.11,
8.11
Acceptance Criteria, 6.17.3 M
Elongation, 7.3.2,7.4.2, 10.3.2 Macroetch Testing, 5.11.2,5.11.6,7.3.2,7.4.2.6,7.6,7.7,
Equipment-Inspection of, 6.3 7.10.2, 8.3.2, 8.4.2, 8.6, 8.7, 8.10.2, 9.4, 9.7, 10.3, 10.4
Essential Variables, See Procedure or Welder Qualification Acceptance Criteria, 7.10.2,8.10.2,9.10, 10.7
Magnetic Particle Inspection, 6.7.4,6.15,6.16
Acceptance Criteria, 7.11,8.11,9.11, 10.7
F Materials, Inspection of, 6.2
Measurement, Units of, Foreword, 1.10
Filler Metal, 4.1 Melt-Through, 7.9,8.9,8.10.1
Coatings, 4.1.2, 5.16
Protection, 4.1.1
Transport, 4.1.3
Fillet Weld Break Test, 3.4.4,5.11.7,7.4.2,7.7,8.4,8.7
Fillet Weld Shear Test, 5.11.8,7.4.2,8.4 Nondestructive Examination, 6.7
First Position, 5.8.2,5.10,5.11.8, 7.2, 8.2 (See also Specified Method)
Fitness-for-Purpose, 2.1.5 Non-Essential Variable, See Procedure or Welder Qualification
Fit-Up
Dry Welding, 3.3.1,5.9.3
Wet Welding, 3.3.2,5.9.4
Fusion, 7.4.2, 7.7.2, 7.9, 8.4.2, 8.7.2, 8.9, 8. 10.2, 9.9 0
One Atmosphere Welding, Foreword
G
Gas P
BreathinglBackground, 5.16
Shielding, 5.6,5.16 Peening, 3.9
Performance Qualification, See Welder Qualification
Personnel Qualification
Nondestructive Examination, 6.8
H Supplemental Requirements, 6.8
Habitat, Foreword T-, Y-,K-Connections, 6.8.2,6.14
Hardness, 2.1.3 Welder, See Welder Qualification
Hardness Test, 5.11.6,7.4.2,8.3.2 Porosity, 3.2.2, 7.4.2, 7.7.2, 7.9,8.1,8.4.2,8.7.2,8.9,8.10,9.9
Hydrogen Release, 5.11.4 Position, 3.4.3, 5.8,5.11.8,5.16, Table 5.4
Definitions, 5.8.4,5.8.7
Procedure Qualification
Essential Variables, 5.5,5.6,5.16, Tables 5.1 and 5.2
I Filletvs. Groove,5.9.2,7.4.1, 8.4.1
Inclusions, 3.2.2,7.4.2,7.7.2,8.4.2,8.7.2 Joint Configuration, 5.9
Inspection,ó.O, 7.8-7.12,8.84.11, 9.8-9.11, 10.6, 10.7 Non-Essential Variables, 5.5,5.6, Tables 5.1 and 5.2
inspector, i .4.1 Records, 5.1.1,5.14
Requirements, 3.3.1.1, 3.3.2, 4.3, 5.5.2, 5.6.1.3
Test Requirements, 5.1.2,5.7, 5.8, 5.10-5.12
Class A Welds, 7.2-7.4
Class B Welds, 8.2-8.4
Joint Class C Welds, 9.2-9.4
Configuration, 5.9 Class O Welds, 10.2-10.4
128

07842b5 05LL544 3LT W
INDEX AWS D3.6M1999
Procedure Specification, 5.1 Root Geometry, 3.3.1,3.3.2,5.4.2.2,5.9.1,

Tables 5.1and
RequiredContents,3.3.1.1,3.3.2,5.5.2,5.9.4,Tables5.1and 5.2
5.2 Size, 3.5
Protection, Diving Suit, 5.16 Toughness, 2.1.3
Q U
Qualification, See Personnel, Procedure, or Welder Ultrasonic Examination, 6.7.3,6.8.2,6.13,6.14
Qualification Acceptance Criteria, 7.12,10.7
Undercut, 7.9,8.9,9.9
Underfill, 7.9,8.10
R
Radiographic Examination, 6.7.2,6.11,6.12
Acceptance Criteria, 7.10.2,8.10.1,9.9,10.7 v
Records Variables, See Procedure or Welder Qualification
Examination, 6.10.4,6.12.7,6.12.10, 6.14.8,6.16.4, 6.18.4 Measurement of, 4.2,5.5.3
Performance Qualification, See Welder Qualification Vertical Travel, 5.6,5.16,
Tables 5.1and 5.2
Procedure Qualification, See Procedure Qualification Vickers Hardness, See Hardness
Production, 4.2,6.2.1,6.4.1,6.5.1,6.5.2 Visibility, 5.16
Repair, 3.2,3.8,6.5.1,6.6.2 Visual Examination, 6.1.2,6.7.1,6.9,6.10
Rockwell Hardness, See Hardness Acceptance Criteria, 7.9,8.9,9.9,10.7
Root Opening, 3.3.1
W
S Waterproof Coating, See Filler Metal Coating
Safety, 1.9 Wave Action, 5.6.2.3
Shear Strength Test, See Fillet Weld Shear Weld Class, See Class
Slag (also see Inclusions), 3.2.2,3.11,7.7.2,8.7.2,8.10.1 Weld Identification., 6.10.3
Spatter, 3.11 Welder Qualification, 5.3,5.15
Spot Radiographic Examination, 6.1.3,6.11.3 Essential Variables, 5.15,5.16,Table 5.5
Supplementary Requirements, 2.1.2, 2.1.3,5.13,6.1.3 Expiration, 5.2.1
Support, 5.16 Records, 5.14,6.4.1
Requalification, 5.21,6.4.3
Retest, 5.20
T-, Y-, K-Connections, 5.17.4
T Test Requirements, 5.17-5.19
Tack Welds, 3.7 Class A, 7.5-7.7
Temperature, 4.3,5.11.5,5.16 Class B, 8.5-8.7
Temporary Welds, 3.7 Class C, 9.5-9.7
Tensile Strength, 7.3.2,7.4.2,8.3.2,10.3.2 Class O, 10.5
Tension Tests, 5.11,7.3.2.3,
7.4.2, 8.3.2 Wet Welding, Foreword
Tolerances
Alignment, 3.3.1.2,5.9.3,5.9.4
Length, 3.5
Location, 3.5 Y
Profile, Shape, 3.6,7.9,8.9,9.9 Yield Strength, 7.3.2,7.4.21,0.3.2
129

0784265 0511545 2 5 b
AWS D3.6M:1999
AWS Marine Welding Document List

~
AWS Designation Title

D3.5 Guide for Steel Hull Welding
D3.6 Specification for Underwater Welding
D3.7 Guide for Aluminum Hull Welding
Additional Documents of FundamentalSubjectMatter
Al.l Metric Practice Guide for the Welding Industry
A2.4 Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and Nondestructive Examination
______ ~~~~~
A3.0 Standard Welding Terms and Definitions

B4.0 Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of Welds
For ordering information, contact the AWS Order Department, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road,
Miami, FL 33126. Telephones: (800) 334-9353,(305) 443-9353,ext. 280; FAX (305) 443-7559.
131


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= 0784265 051/4LY 7TL W

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

Supersedes ANSUAWS D3.6-93

Under the Direction of

American Welding Society

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

International Standard Book Number: 0-87171-542-2

American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126

O 1999 by American Welding Society. All rights reserved

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

AWS D3B Subcommittee on Underwater Welding

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COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

7.3 Groove Welds .............................................................................................................................................. 57

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COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

Specification for Underwater Welding

1.1 Scope ASTM E 426, Standard Practice for Electromagnetic

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1.3 Purpose 1.6 Welding Process

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2. Classification and Design of Welded Connections

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3.1 General ification. Alternatively, the tolerances given on Figure

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(A) GROOVE WELD WITHOUT BACKING- (B) GROOVE WELD WITH B A C K I N G

(C) GROOVE WELD WITHOUT BACKING-

Figure 3.1-Tolerances in Assembly of Groove Weld Butt Joints-Dry Welding

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COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

4.1 Filler Metal 4.2 Measurement of Variable

4.1.2 There shall be no addition or deletion of electrode

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Part I Welders qualified to deposit Class A welds are also

5.1 Approved Procedure

specification shall be qualified by testing weldments pro- Part II

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COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

Table 5.1 (Continued)

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Table 5.1 (Continued)

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Table 5.2 (Continued)

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welded in production, as determined by the following 5.7 Q p e s of Tests

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Tabulation of Positions of Groove Welds

Figure 5.1-Positions of Groove Welds

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Tabulation of Positions of Fillet Welds

Figure 5.2-Positions of Fillet Welds

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Qualification Test Piate(') Pipe(')

Weld Plate or Pipe Positions(5) Groove Fillet Groove Fillet(3)