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    3.012 Quiz 1 3.012 Fall 2004: 2 3 NA NB

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    Alde Andro
    1. This document contains a quiz for a materials science course consisting of 50 points for structure questions and 50 points for thermodynamics questions. 2. The structure questions consider ionic compounds with specific stoichiometries and coordination numbers, as well as the structure of aluminum oxide. 3. The thermodynamics questions consider a process of heating 1 mole of solid aluminum oxide from 20°C to 200°C at constant pressure, and calculate associated properties such as heat, work, enthalpy and entropy changes.

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    3.012 Quiz 1 3.012 Fall 2004: 2 3 NA NB

    Uploaded by

    Alde Andro
    24 views8 pages
    1. This document contains a quiz for a materials science course consisting of 50 points for structure questions and 50 points for thermodynamics questions. 2. The structure questions consider ionic compounds with specific stoichiometries and coordination numbers, as well as the structure of aluminum oxide. 3. The thermodynamics questions consider a process of heating 1 mole of solid aluminum oxide from 20°C to 200°C at constant pressure, and calculate associated properties such as heat, work, enthalpy and entropy changes.

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    1. This document contains a quiz for a materials science course consisting of 50 points for structure questions and 50 points for thermodynamics questions. 2. The structure questions consider ionic compounds with specific stoichiometries and coordination numbers, as well as the structure of aluminum oxide. 3. The thermodynamics questions consider a process of heating 1 mole of solid aluminum oxide from 20°C to 200°C at constant pressure, and calculate associated properties such as heat, work, enthalpy and entropy changes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    24 views8 pages

    3.012 Quiz 1 3.012 Fall 2004: 2 3 NA NB

    Uploaded by

    Alde Andro
    1. This document contains a quiz for a materials science course consisting of 50 points for structure questions and 50 points for thermodynamics questions. 2. The structure questions consider ionic compounds with specific stoichiometries and coordination numbers, as well as the structure of aluminum oxide. 3. The thermodynamics questions consider a process of heating 1 mole of solid aluminum oxide from 20°C to 200°C at constant pressure, and calculate associated properties such as heat, work, enthalpy and entropy changes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    3.012 Quiz 1 3.

    012
    09.23.04 Fall 2004
    100 points total

    Structure (50 points total):

    1. . (16 points). Let’s consider an ionic compound of composition A2B3 in which the coordination
    number CNA of every cation is the same, and similarly, the coordination of every anion CNB is
    the same. In addition, only anions are nearest neighbors of the cations and vice versa.

    a. What are the allowed pairs of coordination numbers CNA and CNB for phases of this
    stoichiometry?

    b. Derive the range of radius ratios for which a structure of this composition is permitted
    if the coordination of A is octahedral (six-fold). Please indicate clearly the geometry
    of the coordination on which your calculation is based.

    3.012 Quiz 1 1 of 8 9/24/04


    2. (16 points) There is an alternative six-fold coordination besides octahedral: a trigonal prism.
    This arrangement would be symmetrical- an equilateral triangle of B ions in the same
    orientation above and below the central cation- and could readily be fit into a structure.

    a. One can immediately state that this configuration is less likely than octahedral
    coordination in an ionic structure. Why?

    b. In spite of the above observation, let’s compute the critical radius ratio for trigonal
    prismatic coordination assuming, as usual, that this occurs when the A and B ions
    remain in contact and the surrounding anions just touch along all edges of the
    polyhedron.

    3.012 Quiz 1 2 of 8 9/24/04


    (18 points) Let us consider the structure of AL2O3, which conforms to your considerations in the
    above problems. The larger oxygen anions are arranged in close-packing in this structure. Let
    us consider one pair of such layers.

    c. How many octahedral and tetrahedral sites per anion are present between this pair of
    sheets?

    d. Quite independent of ionic sizes, show that Pauling’s rule concerning the summation
    of bond strength makes it quite unlikely (if not impossible) that the tetrahedral
    interstices are occupied in the structure of Al2O3.

    e. The sheets of oxygen anions stack in a close-packed sequence. If some or all of the
    octahedral sites are occupied between each pair of successive layers, and the same
    fraction of available octahedral sites are occupied between each pair of layers,
    deduce a likely pattern of site occupancies for Al3+ between the pair of layers that you
    considered in part 3(a). Pauling’s rule on bond strength summation may be of use. A
    number of drawings for circles in close packing are provided on the following sheets
    for scratch work and presentation of your final prediction for this part of the problem.

    3.012 Quiz 1 3 of 8 9/24/04


    3.012 Quiz 1 4 of 8 9/24/04
    3.012 Quiz 1 5 of 8 9/24/04
    Thermodynamics (50 points total):

    3. Consider a thermodynamic system consisting of 1 mole of the material examined in problem


    3- (alumina, Al2O3)- in the solid state, reversibly heated at a constant pressure of 1 atm from
    20°C to 200°C in an oven. Solid alumina is the stable phase throughout this temperature
    range. Be sure to show your work in each part- this makes it possible to give partial
    credit.

    Thermodynamic data for Al2O3:

    J
    CPs = 106.6 + 0.0178T − 28.5 ×10 5 T −2
    mole ⋅ K
    Tm = 2327 K

    € Alumina has no structural phase transitions in the temperature range of


    interest.

    a. (4 points) What type of system is this? (State your assumptions.)

    b. (8 points) Determine the heat transferred to the system in this process.

    3.012 Quiz 1 6 of 8 9/24/04


    c. (8 points) If the internal energy of the system increases by 33,500J in this process,
    what is the reversible work performed? Is this work done on the system or done by
    the system?

    d. (8 points) What is the enthalpy change in the system during this process?

    e. (8 points) What is the entropy change in the system?

    3.012 Quiz 1 7 of 8 9/24/04


    f. (8 points) If the system is now returned to its initial pressure, temperature, and volume
    by a series of stepwise compression and cooling steps, what will the internal energy
    change for the total return process be? State why.

    g. (6 points) Finally, consider 1 mole of a sample of aluminum (heat capacity given


    below), which receives the same quantity of heat (at constant pressure) that was
    transferred to the Al2O3 sample above. (Solid aluminum is stable up to 932K).
    Without performing a detailed calculation, state whether the Al sample will have the
    same final temperature as the alumina sample, a lower temperature, or a higher
    temperature. Explain why in one or two sentences.

    J
    CPs = 20.7 + 0.0124T
    mole ⋅ K

    3.012 Quiz 1 8 of 8 9/24/04

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