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    Analog Instrument Failure

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    Hanz Alec
    This document discusses instrument failures and the elements that make up an instrument. It provides examples of analog instrument failures caused by pneumatic system failures, pitot/static system failures, and communication/navigation system malfunctions. It also lists the four principal elements that make up an instrument: detecting elements, measuring elements, coupling elements, and indicating elements.

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    Analog Instrument Failure

    Uploaded by

    Hanz Alec
    59 views3 pages
    This document discusses instrument failures and the elements that make up an instrument. It provides examples of analog instrument failures caused by pneumatic system failures, pitot/static system failures, and communication/navigation system malfunctions. It also lists the four principal elements that make up an instrument: detecting elements, measuring elements, coupling elements, and indicating elements.

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    module 3

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    AMT-1202-Module-3

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    This document discusses instrument failures and the elements that make up an instrument. It provides examples of analog instrument failures caused by pneumatic system failures, pitot/static system failures, and communication/navigation system malfunctions. It also lists the four principal elements that make up an instrument: detecting elements, measuring elements, coupling elements, and indicating elements.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    59 views3 pages

    Analog Instrument Failure

    Uploaded by

    Hanz Alec
    This document discusses instrument failures and the elements that make up an instrument. It provides examples of analog instrument failures caused by pneumatic system failures, pitot/static system failures, and communication/navigation system malfunctions. It also lists the four principal elements that make up an instrument: detecting elements, measuring elements, coupling elements, and indicating elements.

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    You are on page 1of 3

    Abela Michael E.

    AMT 2102

    AMT 2-2

    Lecture Module No.3

    Activity No.1

    ACADEMIC HONESTY STATEMENT

    For this exam/quiz/activity, I make the following truthful statement: I understand that

    acts of academic dishonesty shall be penalized to the full extent as indicated in the provision

    of the PhilSCA Student Manual (page 30, No.6.)

    ABELA MICHAEL E.

    Signature of Student over Printed Name

    1.Cite an example where instruments fails and why?

    Analog Instrument Failure

    A warning indicator, or an inconsistency between indications on the attitude indicator and

    the supporting performance instruments, usually identifies system or instrument failure. Aircraft

    control must be maintained while identifying the failed component(s). Expedite the cross-check

    and include all flight instruments. The problem may be individual instrument failure or a system

    failure affecting multiple instruments


    Pneumatic System Failure

    One possible cause of instrument failure is a loss of the suction or pressure source. This

    pressure or suction is supplied by a vacuum pump mechanically driven off the engine.

    Occasionally these pumps fail, leaving the pilot with inoperative attitude and heading indicators.

    Pitot/Static System Failure

    A pitot or static system failure can also cause erratic and unreliable instrument

    indications. When a static system problem occurs, it affects the ASI, altimeter, and the VSI. In

    most aircraft, provisions have been made for the pilot to select an alternate static source. Check

    the POH/AFM for the location and operation of the alternate static source. In the absence of an

    alternate static source, in an unpressurized aircraft, the pilot could break the glass on the VSI.

    The VSI is not required for instrument flight, and breaking the glass provides the altimeter and

    the ASI a source of static pressure. This procedure could cause additional instrument errors.

    Communication/Navigation System Malfunction

    Avionics equipment has become very reliable, and the likelihood of a complete

    communications failure is remote. However, each IFR flight should be planned and executed in

    anticipation of a two-way radio failure. At any given point during a flight, the pilot must know

    exactly what route to fly, what altitude to fly, and when to continue beyond a clearance limit.

    Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 91 describes the procedures to be

    followed in case of a two-way radio communications failure. If operating in VFR conditions at

    the time of the failure, the pilot should continue the flight under VFR and land as soon as

    practicable. If the failure occurs in IFR conditions, or if VFR conditions cannot be maintained,

    the pilot must continue the flight.


    2. What are the four principal elements which make up an instrument?

    Elements of Instrument.  An instrument as being made up of the following four principle


    elements:

    Detecting Elements.  Which detect changes in value of physical quantity or condition


    presented to it.

    Measuring Element. Which actually measures the value of the physical quantity or
    condition in terms of small translation or angular displacements.

    Coupling Element.  By which displacement are magnified and transmitted.

    Indicating Element. Which exhibits the value of the measured quantity transmitted by


    coupling element by the relative position of a pointer, or index, and a scale.

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