Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 29 views

    Lecturer: I. Umaru Tanimu Saminaka, PHD: School of Business and Public Administration University of The Gambia, 2020

    Uploaded by

    Fatou Jallow
    This document provides an introduction to research methodology. It discusses key topics like what statistics are, definitions of research, different research methods including experimental, descriptive, exploratory and correlational methods, what constitutes a good research, and types of methodologies such as qualitative and quantitative measures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lecturer: I. Umaru Tanimu Saminaka, PHD: School of Business and Public Administration University of The Gambia, 2020

    Uploaded by

    Fatou Jallow
    29 views20 pages
    This document provides an introduction to research methodology. It discusses key topics like what statistics are, definitions of research, different research methods including experimental, descriptive, exploratory and correlational methods, what constitutes a good research, and types of methodologies such as qualitative and quantitative measures.

    Original Title

    lecture 1

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document provides an introduction to research methodology. It discusses key topics like what statistics are, definitions of research, different research methods including experimental, descriptive, exploratory and correlational methods, what constitutes a good research, and types of methodologies such as qualitative and quantitative measures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    29 views20 pages

    Lecturer: I. Umaru Tanimu Saminaka, PHD: School of Business and Public Administration University of The Gambia, 2020

    Uploaded by

    Fatou Jallow
    This document provides an introduction to research methodology. It discusses key topics like what statistics are, definitions of research, different research methods including experimental, descriptive, exploratory and correlational methods, what constitutes a good research, and types of methodologies such as qualitative and quantitative measures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 20

    MBA 508: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

    LECTURE 1
    INTRODUCTION

    Master Business in Administration


    Lecturer: I. Umaru TANIMU SAMINAKA, PhD
    School of Business and Public Administration
    University of The Gambia, 2020
    OUTLINE
    1. What Is Statistics?
    2. Definition of Research
    3. Research Methods
    4. What is a Good Research ?
    5. Types of methodologies
    1. What Is Statistics?

    1. Collecting Data Data Why?

    e.g., Survey Analysis


    2. Presenting Data
    © 1984-1994 T/Maker Co.
    e.g., Charts & Tables
    Decision-
    3. Characterizing Data
    Making
    e.g., Average

    © 1984-1994 T/Maker Co.


    What is Business Statistics?
    • A collection of procedures and techniques
    used to convert data into meaningful
    information in a business environment
    Statistical Procedures
    • Descriptive Statistics
    – Procedures and techniques designed to describe
    data
    • Inferential Statistics
    – Tools and techniques that help decision makers to
    draw inferences from a set of data
    Descriptive Procedures
    • Charts, graphs, and
    tables

    • Numerical measures
    N

    x i
    Sum of all data values
    Average  i 1

    N Number of data values
    Inferential Procedures
    • Estimation
    – e.g., Estimate the average family income of all
    families in a city based on the average income of
    a sample of families in that city.
    • Hypothesis Testing
    – e.g., Use sample evidence to test the claim that
    the average family income exceeds $45,000 per
    year.
    2. Definition of Research
    French word ‘recherché’
    Literally it means ….
    The systematic process of collecting and
    analyzing data (info) to:
    • Discover new knowledge
    • Verify existing knowledge
    • Expand existing knowledge
    The Scientific Method
    3. Research Methods
    • There are 4 methods of research
    1. Experimental
    2. Descriptive
    3. Exploratory
    4. Correlational
    3. Research Methods
    • Experimental Research is the only method of
    the four that can identify cause and effect
    • Experimental research consists of several
    variables:
    – Independent Variables: factors the
    experimenter manipulates
    – Dependent Variables: measurable
    behaviors of the participants
    3. Research Methods
    • Experimental Research
    –Experimental Group: group that
    receives a treatment in an experiment
    –Control Group: group that receives no
    treatment in an experiment
    3. Research Methods
    • Descriptive Research: includes several types
    of studies to gather data
    – Observation is used to study behavior
    – Surveys use questionnaires, and interviews to
    sample a wide variety of behaviors and attitudes
    (must choose people carefully)
    – Case study
    3. Research Methods
    • Correlational Research
    – Allows Researchers to determine the degree of
    relationship between variables
    – Positive, negative and zero correlations are
    discussed when using this type of research
    4. What is a Good Research ?
    A good research follows the Standards of Scientific Research
    Method: a systemic, empirical based procedures for
    generating replicable research.

    Tenets/Principles of Scientific methods


    I. Direct observation of phenomena
    II. Clearly defined variables, methods and procedures
    III. Empirically (Observable) testable hypotheses
    IV. The ability to rule out rival hypotheses
    V. Statistical rather than linguistic justification of conclusion
    VI. The self-correcting process
    5. Types of methodologies
    • QuaLitative Measures
    –Descriptive
    –Numbers not the primary focus
    • QuaNtitative Measures
    –N for numbers
    –Statistical
    –Quantifiable
    QuaLitative Measures

    • Interviews
    • Observation
    • Focus Groups
    QuaNtitative measures

    • Compare Things
    – Comparison studies
    • Experimental and control groups
    • Program assessment using before/after
    analysis
    • Count Things
    • Survey People About Things
    • Pre & Post Tests
    Be Critical About Numbers
    (Best 2001)

    • “Every statistic is a way of summarizing complex


    information into relatively simple numbers.” (Best)
    • How did the researchers arrive at these numbers?
    • Who produced the numbers and what is their bias?
    • How can key terms be defined & in how many
    different ways?
    Be Critical About Numbers
    • How was the choice for the measurement
    made?
    • What type of sample was gathered & how
    does that affect result?
    • Is the statistical result interpreted correctly?
    • If comparisons are made, are they
    appropriate?
    • Are there competing statistics?

    You might also like