Acids, Bases - Salts 4 QP

1 (a Insoluble compounds are made by precipitation.
(i) Complete the word equation for the preparation of zinc carbonate.
Zinc sulfate + sodium → zinc + sodium sulfate
ammonia + potassium carbonate → potassium + ammonium
carbonate
(ii) Complete the following symbol equation.
Pb(NO3)2 + 2NaCl → PbCl2 + 2NaNO3 [2]
(iii) Write an ionic equation for the precipitation of the insoluble salt, silver(I) chloride.
[2]
AgNO3 + NaCl  AgCl + NaNO3
(b) 2.0 cm3 portions of aqueous sodium hydroxide were added to 4.0 cm 3 of aqueous iron(III) chloride.
Both solutions had a concentration of 1.0 mol/dm 3. After each addition, the mixture was stirred,
centrifuged and the height of the precipitate of iron(III) hydroxide was measured. The results are
shown on the following graph.
height of
precipitate of metal hydroxide / mm
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
0 2 4 6 10 12 14 16
volume of aqueous sodium hydroxide / cm3
(i) Complete the ionic equation for the reaction.
Fe3+ +3OH → Fe(OH)3 [1]
On the(ii) same grid, sketch the graph that would have been obtained if iron(II) chloride had been used
instead of iron(III) chloride? [2]
(iii) If aluminium chloride had been used instead of iron(III) chloride, the shape of the graph would be different.
How are the shapes of these two graphs different and why?
difference in shape graph slopes to the x axis

reason for difference hydroxide is atmopheric
[2]
2 The salt copper(II) sulphate can be prepared by reacting copper(II) oxide with sulphuric acid.
Complete the list of instructions for making copper(II) sulphate using six of the words below.
blue dilute filter saturated white oxide
Instructions
1 Add excess copper(II) oxide to dilute sulphuric acid in a beaker and boil it.
filter
2 to remove the unreacted copper( II ) oxide.
3 Heat the solution until it is saturated
4 cool the solution to form crystals
blue
sulfate
coloured crystals of copper ( II ) . [6]
3 Sulfuric acid is produced by the Contact process. The steps of the Contact process are shown.
(a) Sulfur is a common starting material for the Contact process.
Name a source of sulfur.
Fossil fuels [1]
(b) Describe step 2, giving reaction conditions and a chemical equation. Reference to reaction
rate and yield is not required.
2SO2 + O2  2SO3
The catalyst vanadium oxide can be used to speed up the reaction, saving time and money.
It is also a reversible reaction, and the forward reaction is exothermic, therefore keeping the
temperature low (around 450 degrees Celsius) and the pressure high (3 atm) would help
increase the yield.
[5]
(c) Step 3 involves adding sulfur trioxide to concentrated sulfuric acid to form oleum.
Complete the chemical equation for this reaction.
H2SO4 + SO3 → H2S2O7

[1]
(d) Dilute sulfuric acid is a typical acid.
A student adds excess dilute sulfuric acid to a sample of solid copper( II) carbonate in a test-
tube.
(i) Give three observations the student would make.
It would turn blue, produce bubbles and would dissolve.
[2]
(ii) Give the names of all products formed.
Copper sulphate, carbon dioxide, water [1]
(e) Concentrated sulfuric acid has different properties to dilute sulfuric acid.
When concentrated sulfuric acid is added to glucose, C6H12O6, steam is given off and a black
solid is formed.
(i) Name the black solid.
Carbon [1]
(ii) What type of reaction has occurred?
dehydration [1]
[Total: 12]
4 (a) The reactions between metals and acids are redox reactions.
Zn + 2H+ → Zn2+ + H2
(i) Which change in the above reaction is oxidation, Zn to Zn 2+ or 2H+ to H2? Give a reason for
your choice.
Zn to Zn2+ [2]
(ii) Which reactant in the above reaction is the oxidising agent? Give a reason for your choice.
Hydrogen ions because it gains ions from zinc. [2]
(b) The rate of reaction between a metal and an acid can be investigated using the apparatus
shown below.
20406080100
gas syringe
hydrochloric acid
zinc foil
A piece of zinc foil was added to 50 cm3 of hydrochloric acid, of concentration 2.0 mol / dm3.
The acid was in excess. The hydrogen evolved was collected in the gas syringe and its
volume measured every minute. The results were plotted and labelled as graph 1.
graph 2 (with copper)
graph 1
volume
0
0 time
The experiment was repeated to show that the reaction between zinc metal and hydrochloric
acid is catalysed by copper. A small volume of aqueous copper(II) chloride was added to the
acid before the zinc was added. The results of this experiment were plotted on the same grid
and labelled as graph 2.
(i) Explain why the reaction mixture in the second experiment contains copper metal.
Include an equation in your explanation.
............................................................................................................................................
.
.......................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Explain how graph 2 shows that copper catalyses the reaction.
............................................................................................................................................
.
............................................................................................................................................
.
.......................................................................................................................................
[3]
(c) If the fi rst experiment was repeated using ethanoic acid, CH 3COOH, instead of hydrochloric
acid, how and why would the graph be different from graph 1?
...................................................................................................................................................
.
...................................................................................................................................................
.
...................................................................................................................................................
.
..............................................................................................................................................
[4]
(d) Calculate the maximum mass of zinc which will react with 50 cm3 of hydrochloric acid, of
concentration 2.0 mol / dm3.
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl 2 + H2
Show your working.
[3]
[Total:
16] 5
Scandiu
m, proton
number
21, is not
a typical
transition
element.
(a) Scandium is a low density metal which has only one oxidation state in its
compounds. Scandium compounds are white solids which form colourless solutions.
Titanium, the next metal in the period, is a far more typical transition element. How
would the properties of titanium differ from those of scandium?
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) Scandium fl uoride is an ionic compound. The valency of scandium in scandium fl

uoride is
three.
Draw a diagram which shows the formula of this compound, the charges on the ions and the
arrangement of the valency electrons around the negative ions.
Use × to represent an electron from a fl uorine atom.

Use ○ to represent an electron from a scandium atom.
[3]
(c) Scandium oxide is insoluble in water. Describe how you could show that it is an
amphoteric oxide.
...................................................................................................................................................
.
...................................................................................................................................................
.
...................................................................................................................................................
.
..............................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total: 9]

Acids, Bases - Salts 4 QP

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1 (a Insoluble compounds are made by precipitation.

(ii) Complete the following symbol equation.

Pb(NO3)2 + 2NaCl → PbCl2 + 2NaNO3 [2]

precipitate of metal hydroxide / mm

volume of aqueous sodium hydroxide / cm3

(i) Complete the ionic equation for the reaction.

Fe3+ +3OH → Fe(OH)3 [1]

difference in shape graph slopes to the x axis

blue dilute filter saturated white oxide

3 Heat the solution until it is saturated

4 cool the solution to form crystals

(a) Sulfur is a common starting material for the Contact process.

Name a source of sulfur.

Fossil fuels [1]

Complete the chemical equation for this reaction.

H2SO4 + SO3 → H2S2O7

(d) Dilute sulfuric acid is a typical acid.

(i) Give three observations the student would make.

It would turn blue, produce bubbles and would dissolve.

(ii) Give the names of all products formed.

Copper sulphate, carbon dioxide, water [1]

(i) Name the black solid.

(ii) What type of reaction has occurred?

Hydrogen ions because it gains ions from zinc. [2]

graph 2 (with copper)

Show your working.

(b) Scandium fl uoride is an ionic compound. The valency of scandium in scandium fl

Use × to represent an electron from a fl uorine atom.

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