J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No.

6A

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pum;ajywGif 0gus½SdouJhodkY uAsmwGifvnf; 0gus½Sdygonf/ uAsm0gus
rsm;wGif zGJUxHk;pnf;urf;twdkif; zGJUavh½SdouJhodkY zGJUxHk;pnf;urf;ESifhvnf;
aoGznfum a&;zGJUavh½Sdygonf/ uAsmrsm;rS 0gustzGJUrsm;onf uAsm
q&m\ OD;wnfcsufESifh uAsmhtaMumif;t&mudk ay:vGifap&ef rnfodkY
taxmuftyHhjyKaeaMumif; avhvmwifjyxm;ygonf/ xdkodkYavhvmjcif;jzifh
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,lqrdygonf/

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&ygonf/ bmompum;pepfqdkonfrSm 0guszGJUyHkpepfyif jzpfygonf/ rnfol
rqdk rdrdazmfjyvdkaom taMumif;t&m &nf½G,fcsufodkY a&mufatmif pm
(odkYr[kwf) pum;jzifh azmfjy&mwGif tenf;qHk; 0guswpfaMumif;NyD;atmifzGJUí
azmfjy&NrJ jzpfygonf/ 0guswpfaMumif;qHk;ygrS qdkvdk&if;t"dyÜm,f jynfhpHkrnf
jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh bmompum;udk toHk;jyK&aom uAsmwGifvnf; 0gus
½Sdygonf/
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zGJUxHk;pnf;urf; ydí
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wpfcgwpf&HwGif rdrdajymvdkaom &nf½G,fcsufudk ay:vGifap&eftwGuf uAsm
zGJUxHk;pnf;urf;rsm;udk aoGznfa&;zGJUavh ½SdMuygonf/ xdkYaMumifh þpmwrf;wGif

Äa'gufwm? vufaxmufuxdu? jrefrmpmXme? rtlyifwuúokdvf

854 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

zGJUxHk;pnf;urf;ESifhtnDzGJUaom uAsm0gusESifh zGJUxHk;pnf;urf;ESifhrnDaom uAsm

0gus [lí tcef;cGJum avhvmwifjyxm;ygonf/
xdkodkYavhvm&mwGif oHk;aMumif;uAsmrsm;udk tavhvmcHtjzpfxm;um
avhvmwifjyxm;ygonf/ pmaMumif;oHk;aMumif;xJjzifh t"dyÜm,fudk xdxdrdrd
yHkazmfay;Edkifaom uAsmrsm;onf wpfacwfwpfcgu tvGefxif½Sm;cJhygonf/
odkYjzpf&m xdkoHk;aMumif;uAsmrsm;udk jyefvnfazmfxkwfvdkonfh qE´jzifh
vnf;aumif;? uAsm0gusudk avhvmjcif;jzifh uAsmavhvmrIudk wpfzuf
wpfvrf;rS taxmuftuljyKEdik fvdrfrh nf[laom oabmjzifhvnf;aumif; avhvm
wifjyjcif;jzpfygonf/

1/ uAsm0gus1
pum;vHk;av;rsm;udk ypönf;tjzpf toHk;jyKNyD; zefwD;onfhtEkynmudk
uAsm[k ac:ygonf/ ]ysm;ESifhvdyfjymwdkYonf rdrdwdkY tvdk½Sd&m 0wf&nfrsdK;udk
a½G;cs,fwwfMuonf/ uAsmq&muvnf; uAsmpyfvQif rdrdtvdk½Sd&m &o
ay;rnfh pum;vHk; odkYr[kwf pum;vHk;zGJUpnf;rIudk ½SmazG a½G;cs,fonf}2 [lí
wuúodkvfbkef;Edkifu qdkcJhygonf/ xdkYaMumifh uAsmwpfyk'fa&;zGJY&mwGif uAsm
q&mwdkYonf bmompum;udk toHk;jyKí zefwD;yHkazmf&jcif;jzpfay&m uAsmwGif
0guszGJUxHk;½Sdonf[k qdkEdkifygonf/
0gusqdkonfrSm-
]]qdkvdkonfh t"dyÜm,fa&mufatmif pepfwus pDpOfxm;aom
yk'ftpktaygif;}}3
[lí jrefrmtbd"mefwGif zGifhqdkjyxm;ygonf/
jrefrm0guszGJUxHk;usrf;udk jyKpkol OD;azarmifwifu-
]]uREkfyfwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ pdwful;pdwfoef;rsm;udk ajymqdk
a&;om;&mü vdk&if;t"dyÜm,f jynfhpHkatmif vdktyfaom
pum;vHk;rsm;udk pDumpOfum ajymqdka&;om;Mu\/ þuJhodkY
1
Syntax in poetry
2
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)? 2012? 147-151/
3
jrefrmpmtzGJU? 1991? 354/
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 855

vdk&if;t"dyÜm,fjynfhpHkatmif pDpOfxm;aom pum;vHk;pkudk

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qdkvdkonfh t"dyÜm,fa&mufatmif pepfwus pDpOfzGJUpnf;xm;aMumif; odEdkif
ygonf/
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t&mjzpfonf}}2
[k jrZifu zGifhqdkxm;ygonf/ uAsm\xHk;pHrSm zGJUxHk;pnf;urf;udk tav;ay;
zGJUqdk&avh ½Sdygonf/ zGJUxHk;ESifhywfoufívnf;-
]]>rufusL;csufwpfckrS t"dyÜm,fay:xGufvmatmif 0dkif;0ef;
axmufyHhMuonfh ypönf;rsm;teuf ta&;BuD;qHk;ESifh tiftm;
tBuD;qHk;rSm zGJUxHk;jzpfonf/ rnfonfhpum;vHk;onf a½SUrSvmí
rnfonfhpum;vHk;onf aemufrSvm&rnfudk owfrSwfaom
tpDtpOftm; zGJUxHk;[k ac:vdkonf/ zGJUxHk;wGif ay:ay:
vGifvGif r[kwfbJ rodrom tvdktavsmuf vIyf½Sm;onfh
owåd½Sdonf/ þonfum; pum;\*kPfowåd jzpfonf/
xdkowådaMumifhyif pum;ESifhywfoufvmvQif arQmfvifhrIawG
wzGm;zGm; ay:wwfonf/ uwåm;? uH awGUNyD;vQif Bud,mudk
arQmfonf/ Bud,mudk awGYNyD;vQif uwÅm;udk arQmfonf/
xdkarQmfvifhrIrsm; ysdK;jcif;? ESpfodrfhjcif;? rESpfodrfhbJ qdkif;iHh
xm;jcif; ponfh enf;trsdK;rsdK;jzifh pDrHcefYcGJwwfjcif;onf
uAsmq&m\ ynmjzpfonf}}3
[k uAsmaumif;wpfyk'f jzpfvm&eftwGuf uAsmwpfyk'fudk zwfvdkufvQif
uwÅm; uH Bud,m pojzifh pmzwfoludk arQmfvifhcsufay;Edkifaom wpfenf;
tm;jzifh pdwf0ifpm;vmatmif qGJaqmifEdkifaom zGJUxHk;aumif;wpfckvdktyfaMumif;?
zGJUxHk;aumif;wpfck jzpfzdkY&mrSmvnf; uAsmq&mwGif t"duusaMumif; qdkxm;
ygonf/
1
azarmifwif? 1961? 9/
2
jrZif? 1988? 69/
3
jrZif? 1988? 70/
856 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

armifcifrif("EkjzL)u 0guszGJUpnf;yHkESifh ywfoufí-

]]rnfolrqdk rdrdazmfjyvdkaom taMumif;t&mudk pum;jzifh
jzpfap? pmjzifh jzpfap azmfjy&mü tenf;qHk; 0guswpfck
NyD;atmif zGJUí azmfjy&NrJ jzpfonf/ pum;vHk;rsm;udk
0guszGJUxHk;twdkif; rzGJUbJ wGJcsifovdkwGJNyD; ajymí? a&;í
r&yg/ 0guszGJUxHk;twdkif; ra&;zGJUvQif t"dyÜm,fr½Sdaom
pum;vHk;tpkta0;om jzpfayvdrfhrnf}}1
[k qdkygonf/ xdkYaMumifh 0guswpfckwGif pum;vHk;wdkY\ zGJUpnf;yHktpDtpOfudk
rSefuefpGm toHk;rjyKygu t"dyÜm,fr½SdEdkif[k qdkEdkifygonf/
odkYaomf uAsm0gusonf pum;ajy0gusuJhodkY o'´gpnf;urf;? zGJUxHk;
pnf;urf;ESifhtnDzGJUaom uAsm0gusrsm; jzpfEdkifouJhodkY yHkrSef0guszGJUxHk;udk
aoGznfuma&;zGJYaom uAsm0gusrsdK;vnf; yg0ifwwfygonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif
uAsma&;olwdkYonf uAsmrsm; a&;zGJU&mwGif qdkvdkaom t"dyÜm,fa&muf&ef
twGuf zGJUxHk;pnf;urf;rsm;udk vspfvsL½IcGifh ½Sdygonf/ þonfudk pmqdkY
tcGifhxl; 2 [k qdkygonf/ pmqdkYtcGifhxl;t& zGJUxHk;pnf;urf;udk rvdkufembJ
aoGznfa&;avh½Sdaom uAsm0gusrsm;udk jrefrmuAsmrsm;wGif awGUjrifEdkif
ygonf/
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Bud,myk'fwpfck yg0if&ygonf/ 0gus\qdkvdkaomt"dyÜm,fudk ay:vGifxif½Sm;atmif
Bud,mu axmufyHhay;aeay&m 0guswpfaMumif;wGif Bud,monf t"duus
ygonf/ jrefrmo'´gpepfwGif 0guswpfckwnfaqmuf&mü uwåm;? uH? Bud,m
[lí tpOfvdkuf a&;om;&ygonf/ 0gus½dk; jzpfap? 0gusa&m jzpfap tenf;qHk;
Bud,mwpfckyg0if&NyD; emrfyk'fudkrl ta&twGuf tuefYtowfrxm;bJ
wnfaqmufavh ½Sdygonf/ 0guswpfaMumif;wGif jrefrmo'´gt& emrfyk'fudk
a½SUrSxm;zGJUum emrfyk'faemufrS Bud,myk'fu vdkufavh½Sdygonf/
odkYaomf uAsmrsm;zGJU&mü wpfcgwpf&HwGif xdktpOfudk aoGznfa&;zGJYavh
½Sdygonf/ emrfyk'fESifh Bud,myk'f a½SUaemufajymif;vJzGJUqdkaom uAsmrsm;?

1
cifrif?armif("EkjzL)? 2010? 28/
2
Poetic licence
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 857

emrfyk'fryg0ifbJ zGJUaom uAsmrsm;? Bud,mjzifh tqHk;rowfaom 0gusrsm;

pojzifh pmqdktcGifhxl;udk toHk;jyKum zGJUxHk;pnf;urf;ESifhrnDbJ zGJUqdkaom
uAsmrsm;udk awGU&wwfygonf/ xdktaMumif;ESifh pyfvsOf;í armifcifrif
("EkjzL)u -
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&wkwGif - ]wnfhrGef;csdefae? a&mufvG,fap[k? apha&
vSnfhvnf? wvsufjrnfonf? aejcnfjzmrS aEG;aomaMumifh}
[lí taMumif;jyBud,m0daooeESifh 0gus tqHk;owfxm;
onfudk awGU&ygonf/ odkYaomf pmzwfolu ]aejcnfjzmrS
aEG;rnf jzpfaomaMumifh jrefjrefrGef;wnfhygap[k wrf;w
qdkjrnf&ygonf[lí xdkBud,m0daooeudk a½SUodkYydkYNyD;
t"dyÜm,faumufrnfyif jzpfygonf}}1
[k ]uAsm0gusjyóem} aqmif;yg;wGif rJZmawmifajc&wkuAsmonf zGJUxHk;
pnf;urf;udk aoGznfzGJUqdkxm;aMumif; axmufjyxm;ygonf/
xdkYaMumifh uAsmwGif 0gus½Sdygonf/ odkYaomf uAsmyg 0gusonf
toHudk iJhívnf;aumif;? um&efukd iJhívnf;aumif;? teuft"dyÜm,fudk iJhí
vnf;aumif; 0gustwGif;½Sd yk'fwdkYudk a½SYaemufae&majymif;um zGJUqdkwwf
ygonf/ xdkodkYzGJUjcif;jzifh toHcsdKomrI? um&efnDrI? teuft"dyÜm,f tm;aumif;
xdrdvmrIwdkY jzpfvmwwfonfudk awGUjrif&ygonf/

2/ oHk;aMumif;uAsmrsm;ESifhywfoufí
jrefrmuAsmvrf;aMumif;wGif oHk;aMumif;uAsmrsm;onfvnf; acwfpm;
cJhzl;ygonf/ uAsmtrsm;pkonf jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;twdkif; av;vHk;pyfudk
rlwnfí pyfqdkavh ½SdMuygonf/ jrefrmuAsmvrf;aMumif;wGif oHk;aMumif;uAsm
vuFmwdkuav;rsm;onf a½S;acwfrsm;uyif ay:aygufcJhonf[k qdkEdkifygonf/
]tpav;vHk;? tv,foHk;? tqHk;ig;ckepf} [laom oHaygufuAsmwdkuav;onf
oHk;aMumif;uAsmyHkpHwdkY\ tOD;tpjzpfonf[k qdkEdkifygonf/ oHk;aMumif;uAsm
ESifhywfoufí wifrdk;u-
1
cifrif? armif ("EkjzL)? 2010? 33/
858 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

]]oHk;aMumif;uAsmwdkav;rsm;onf tif;0acwfuyif ½SdcJh

ygw,f/ ]a½TzDvufzuf? nGefYrysufESifh wufygawmhrnf
toufu,f}? ]a½T0wpfzuf? a½TMuuf,uf? awmifxuf
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'DuAsmwdkuav;awG[m pyf&vnf;vG,ful? ajcEdkifvufEdkif
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[k oHk;aMumif;uAsmyHkoP²mefopf wDxGifMuonfhtaMumif;udk ½Sif;jyxm;
ygonf/
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rsm;udk rdwfqufay;cJh&mrS uAsmwdkrsm; jyefvnfacwfpm;vmcJhonf[kvnf;
qdkEkdifygonf/ xdkYaemufrS uAsmq&mwdkYonf rdrdwdkYywf0ef;usifwGif awGUjrif
&aom taMumif;t&m? tjzpftysufrsm;? cHpm;&aom cHpm;rIrsm;udk wdkwdkESifh
vdk&if;a&mufap&eftwGuf oHk;aMumif;uAsmyHkpHudk a&;pyfvmMuonf/ xdkoHk;aMumif;
uAsmrsm;onf ydkYpuwfa&mifpHkav;rsm;wGifvnf; trsdK;rsdK;a&;om;pyfqkcd JhMuonf
udvk nf; awGU&ygonf/ xdkacwfywf0ef;usifwGif uAsmq&m armifyef;arT;u
]vG,ftdwfocif? yef;ocifudk? wG,fwmaerdNyD}? ]aeYaeYnn? owd&w,f?
cPcP atmufarhw,f}? ]MumwwfwmawG rMumapzdkY? MumawGvSLum
qkawmif;ygonf? rMumcifyJ jynfhygap} pojzifh ydkYpuwfuAsmrsm;pGmudk
a&;om;cJholjzpfaMumif; od&ygonf/
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]]ydkYpfuwfa&mifpHkvSvSav;ay:wGif aumifav;wpfaumifESifh
aumifrav;wpfaumif tvGrf;o,faeonf/ xdktvGrf;o,f
aeyHk\ eHab;wGif tMuifolonf oG,f0dkufaomenf;jzifh
cspfa&;qdkaom &nf;pm;pmqefonfh uAsmwdkuav; oHk;aMumif;
a&;tHh/ ... xdkoHk;aMumif; uAsmwdkav;rsm;\ OD;wnfcsuf
tESpfom&udkvnf; MunfhygOD;? vGrf;qGwf tonf;uGJol
wdkY\ ay;pmrsm;wGif yvDyvm wDwDwmwm tzGJUtEGJU
toDtuHk;wdkYjzifhom wefqmqifwwfavh ½Sdonf/ iSufcg;

1
wifrdk;? 1967? 187-188/
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 859

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ajymprSwfjyKMuonf}}1
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jzpfaMumif; olYtjrifudk wifjyxm;ygonf/
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,lqEdkifygonf/ acwfprf;pmqdkBuD; rif;ok0PfyifvQif ]rpdrf;yif} [laom
oHk;aMumif;uAsmav;udk pyfqdkcJhaMumif; avhvmawGU½SdcJh&ygonf/ oHk;aMumif;
uAsmonf tcspftvGrf;oufoufom zGJUonfqdkaom a'gif;EG,faqGyifvQif
]ppf}[laom oHk;aMumif;uAsmav;udk pyfqdkcJhaMumif; awGUjrif&ygonf/
rnfodYk yifjzpfap jrefrmuAsmvrf;aMumif;wGif oHk;aMumif;uAsmrsm;onf olYacwf
ESifhol acwfpm;cJhonf[kum; qdkEdkifygonf/
xdkYaMumifhyif oHk;aMumif;uAsmrsm;udk tavhvmcHtjzpfxm;um jyefvnf
azmfxkwfjyvdkaomqE´jzifh avhvmwifjyxm;ygonf/

3/ uAsm0guszefwD;rI
uAsm0guszefwD;rIwGif zGJUxHk;pnf;urf;ESifhnDaom uAsm0gusESifh zGJUxHk;
pnf;urf;ESifhrnDaom uAsm0gus [lí ESpfydkif;cGJum avhvmwifjyoGm;ygrnf/

3? 1/ zGJUxHk;pnf;urf;ESifhnDaom uAsm0gus
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a½SYaemuf pum;tquftpyf ½Sif;vif;jcif; jzpfygonf/ uAsmwpfyk'fudk
pmzwfol\ESvHk;om;xJodkY ta&mufydkYaqmif&mwGif uAsmhtaMumif;t&m? uAsmh
cHpm;rIESifh xdkcHpm;rIudk uAsmq&mu zGJUpnf;wifjyxm;yHk wpfenf;tm;jzifh
uAsmhzGJUxHk; ponfh uAsmhtESpfom&rsm;onf ta&;ygvSygonf/

1
a'gif;EG,faqG? 1978? 32-33/
860 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

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ypönf;udk jr§Kyfxm;onf/ 0guswpfaMumif;wGif 0gustqHk;owfypönf; rygygu
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ESifhrnDaom0gus[k ,lqEdkifaomfvnf; uAsmonf ajympum;jzifh a&;zGJUxm;
onfh[efjzpfojzifh zGJUxHk;pnf;urf;ESifhrnD[k w&m;aorajymEdkifay/ yxr
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1
wifrdk;? 2013? 11/
2
a'gif;EG,faqG? 1967? 188/
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 861

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tquftpyf½SdpGm a&;zGJUxm;onf[k qdkEdkifygonf/ ]ppf[kqdkvQif} onf t"du
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ygonf/ pmaMumif;oHk;aMumif;udk wpfqufwnf; ½GwfqdkMunfhvQif pum;ajy
uJhodkYyif tvG,fwul oabmaygufEdkifygonf/ ppf\ qdk;½Gm;jcif;oabm?
jynfolvlxkudk 'ku©ay;onfhoabm? pdwfrat;csrf;&onfhoabm? idka<u;
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pdwf\vsifjrefyHkoabmudk zGJUpyfxm;ygonf/ ]rSdwf- ndwf- pdwf} [lí ]tdwf}
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ajymvdkaom ]pdwf} [laom emrfyk'f\ ta½SUwGif tcsdefjyBud,m0daooetjzpf
]rsufpdwrSdwf acgif;wndwfrSm} [laompum;vHk;jzifh txl;jyKxm;onfhtwGuf
pdw\ f vsifjrefyHkudk ydkíav;eufvmapygonf/ uAsmpmaMumif;oHk;aMumif;udk wGJ½Gwf
MunfhvQif 0guswpfaMumif;xJ rSwf,lEdkifavmufatmif a½SUaemuftquftpyf
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armifom&\ ]awmfvSefa&;} uAsmwGif-
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1
aeZm? rHk½Gm? 2017? 4/
2
om&? armif? 2017? 1/
862 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

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ql;pl;onfhjzpf&yfudk av;eufapNyD; 'kwd,pmaMumif; ]tyfESifhxGifonf} [laom
jzpf&yfESifh qufpyfay;onf/ yxrpmaMumif;ESifh 'kwd,pmaMumif;udk 0gus
wpfaMumif;wnf;jzpfonf[k ,lqEdkifygonf/ wwd,,pmaMumif;wGifrl yxr
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vlxktm;vHk;? wpfenf;tm;jzifh pmzwfy&dowfudk &nfnTef;onfh emrfpm;[k
,lqEdkifygonf/ uAsmwpfyk'fvHk;onf tyfESifhxGifjcif;rSm tvum;r[kwf?
ql;pl;aomaMumifhomjzpfaMumif; taMumif;jyum xdktaMumif;ESifhywfoufí
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t"dyÜm,fazmfEdkifouJhodkY acgif;pOfESifhwGJívnf; *,ufteufrsm;pGm azmfusL;
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ygonf/ ajympum;[efjzifh uAsmzGJUxm;onf[k qdkEdkifygonf/ uAsmht"dyÜm,fudk
MunfhvQif rif;a&m iga&m toufBuD;onf[k r,lqaomfvnf; wu,frSmrl
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qdkEdkifygonf/ ]yk0g}onf toufBuD;vmaom rdef;uav;udk &nfñTef;aom
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[laom tjiif;jyypönf;udk oHk;uma&;zGJUxm;onf/ uAsmyg 0gusudk zwfMunfh

1
vSoef;? 2014? 71/
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 863

aomtcg 0gustqHk;owfypönf; aysmufaeonf[k xifEdkifaomfvnf; uAsmonf

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0gustqHk;owfypönf;udk roHk;bJ pmaMumif;ESpfaMumif;udk qufwdkufajymavh
½Sdonfudk odEdkifygonf/ wwd,pmaMumif;wGif ]'gayr,fh} ESifh0gus tqHk;owf
ypönf; ]w,f} onf tajympum;wGifomoHk;aMumif; odEdkifygonf/ Z&mudk
ra½SmifvTJEdkifonfhoabmudk ajympum;[efjzifh zGJUxHk;pnf;urf;ESifhtnD a&;zGJU
xm;&m uAsmhqdkvdk&if;udk oabmaygufem;vnfvG,fapaMumif; odEdkifygonf/
zGJUxHk;pnf;urf;ESifhnDaom uAsm0gusESifhywfoufí oHk;aMumif;uAsm
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uAsmht"dyÜm,fudk em;vnfoabmaygufap&eftwGuf wdkwdkESifhvdk&if;a&mufatmif
a&;jyavh½Sdygonf/ xdkodkYa&;zGJU&mwGif uAsmhqdkvdk&if;vnf; ay:vGifatmif?
xdxdrdrdvnf;½Sdatmif pum;toHk;tEIef; a½G;cs,frI? um&eftoH;k csrI? cHpm;csufudk
ul;pufaprIrsm;omru 0guszGJUxHk;rSmvnf; ta&;BuD;vSygonf/ zGJUxHk;pnf;urf;
ESifhtnDa&;zGJUxm;aom uAsm0gusrsm;udk toHk;jyKxm;ojzifh qdkvdk&if;udk ydkí
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ay:vGifxif½Sm;atmif? cHpm;rIav;eufvmatmif a&;zGJUEdkifcJhaom uAsmpmqdk
wdkY\ tzGJUpGrf;&nfudkvnf; awGUjrif&ygonf/

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a½SYaemuf pum;tquftpyf r½Sif;vif;bJ pmqdkYtcGifhxl;t& yk'ftxm;todk
rsm;udk a½SUaemufajymif;vJ a&;zGJUjyxm;jcif; jzpfygonf/ wpfenf;qdk&vQif
0guszGJUxHk;pnf;urf;udk aoGznfa&;zGJUjcif; jzpfygonf/
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]]cspfolYpmtdwf
&ifwGif;odyfí
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1
wifrdk;? 1967? 92/
864 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

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wpfenf;tm;jzifh cspfolu olYxH ydkYvdkufaom pmtdwfuav;onf pmwdkufyHk;
xJwGif Mum½Snfaernfudk pdk;&drfaeaomtjzpfudk zGJUpyfxm;ygonf/ uAsm
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odyfí wdwfwdwfarT;rSm pdk;rdw,f} [k 0guswpfaMumif;xJ zGJUMunfhEdkifygonf
yxrpmaMumif; ]cspfolpmtdwf} ESifh 'kwd,pmaMumif; ]&ifwGif;odyfí} udk
wGJ½GwfMunfhvQif ]udk} [laom 0dbwfaysmufaeonfudk awGYEdkifygonf/ ]udk}
[laom pum;vHk;rygojzifh 0gusonf rjynfhpHk[k ,lqEdkifygonf/ odkYaomf
uAsmq&mqdkvdkaom t"dyÜm,fudkum; csufcsif; oabmayguf em;vnfEdkif
ygonf/ uAsmacgif;pOfESifh qufpyfMunfhygu ydkít"dyÜm,fudk em;vnfcHpm;
Edkifrnf jzpfygonf/ xdkYjyif cspfol\pmudkyif o0efwdkaeonfhoabm? cspfol\
pmudk arQmfvifhaeaomoabmwdkYudk *,ufteuftjzpf od½SdEdkifygonf/
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cJhaMumif; qdkvdkygonf/ uAsmt& 0guswpfaMumif;wnf;jzifh jzpfpOfoHk;ckudk
azmfusL;jyxm;onf[k qdkEdkifygonf/ uAsmwGif ]ol} [laom emrfpm;rSm iSuf
wpfaumifudk &nfnTef;onf[k ,lqEdkifygonf/ yxrpmaMumif;wGif ]vma&muf
cdkem;} [lí vHk;wGJBud,mrsm;udk toHk;jyKxm;onf/ jrefrmo'´gt& 0gus
wpfaMumif;onf Bud,myk'fonf emrfyk'f\aemufrS vdkufavh½Sdaomfvnf;
uAsmwGifrl jyKvkyfol uwÅm;vnf;ryg? jyKvkyfcH&ol uHyk'fvnf;rygbJ Bud,m
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wpfa,mufu wpfae&m&mwGif vma&mufcdkem;oGm;onf[k qdkaomoabmjzifh

1
aygufpD? armif(ref;wuúodkvf)? 2011? 12/
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 865

yxrjzpfpOfudk azmfjyxm;onf/ 'kwd,pmaMumif;wGif ]olysHoGm;aomf} [k

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usef&pfcJhonf [laomtjzpfudk vlYb0rsm;ESifhvnf; xif[yfum *,ufteuf
aumuf,lawG;qEdkifonf[k ,lqrdygonf/
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ygonf/ taru acsmif;oHrsm;Mum;rS om;jzpfoludk ausmif;rSefrSefwuf&ef
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pmaMumif;wGif acsmif;oHrsm;Mum;ae&onfhtjzpfudk jyum 'kwd,pmaMumif;ESifh
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wpfa,mufu rSmyHkudk ]wJh} [laom 0gusaemufvdkufypönf;udk toHk;jyKxm;
ojzifh wpfqifhjyefajymaeaom avoHudk ay:vGifaeygonf/ yxrpmaMumif;
ESi'fh kwd,pmaMumif;udk qufpyfMunfhrSomvQif wpfpHkwpfa,mufonf acsmif;qdk;
aeonfhMum;rS om;jzpfoltm; ausmif;rSefrSefoGm;yg [lí rSmaecJhaMumif;
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ygonf/ xdkYaMumifh uAsmh t"dyÜm,ft&MunfhvQif pmaMumif;oHk;aMumif;onf
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oD;jcm;rxnfhbJ ajympum;xJrS ]om;} [laom pum;t&om odcGifhay;

1
apma0? 1996? 9/
866 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

xm;onf/ uwåm;yk'fudkrl y"meBud,mESifhwGJí aemufqHk;rS azmfjyxm;onf/

0gustqHk;owfypönf;udkvnf; jr§Kyfxm;onf/ pmqdkYtcGifhxl;t& tav;ay;
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oHk;aMumif;? 0gustaejzifh oHk;aMumif; zGJUpyfxm;onf[k qdkEdkifygonf/ uAsm
wpfyk'fvHk;wGif ypönf;rsm;udkjr§Kyfum emrfpum;vHk;rsm;csnf;om toHk;jyKxm;onf/
yxrpmaMumif;wGif pmuav;? cdkESifh usD;uef;wdkYonf tpm½SmazG&mwGif ae&m
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a&;zGJUxm;onf/ 'kwd,pmaMumif;wGif a&tdkifxJrS bJjzLudk avSxdk;om;ESifh
cdkif;EdIif;a&;zGJUxm;onf/ wwd,pmaMumif;wGif wDaumifonf ajrBuD;xJwGif
aeoljzpfonfhtwGuf v,fxGefpm;[k cdkif;EdIif;um a&;zGJUxm;onf/ rwlnDaom
toufarG;rIobm0rsm;udk rwlnDaom edrwfyHkrsm;jzifh zGJUjyum zefwD;xm;
ygonf/ uAsm0gustaejzifh 0gusoHk;aMumif;[k qdkEdkifaomfvnf; 0gus
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qufpyfaumuf,lMunfhrSom odomEdkifygonf/ xdkYaMumifh uAsm0guszGJUxHk;
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vlrSdef? armif? 2005? 46/
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 867

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tif;vsm;a&jyifonf wHvsyfr[kwfaMumif;? jy'g;okwfxm;aom rSefcsyfyrm
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868 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

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zefwD;rIpGrf;&nft& uAsmht&om? uAsmhteuft"dyÜm,f? uAsmhcHpm;rIrsm;onf
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pmaMumif;oHk;aMumif;xJjzifh t"dyÜm,fudk xdxdrdrd yHkazmfay;Edkifaom
oHk;aMumif;uAsmrsm;wGif zGJUxHk;pnf;urf;ESifhnDaom uAsm0gusrsm;jzifh zefwD;
xm;aom uAsmrsm; awGU&ouJhodkY zGJUxHk;pnf;urf;ESifhrnDaom uAsm0gus
rsm;jzifh zefwD;xm;aom uAsmrsm;udkvnf; awGUjrif&ygonf/
zGJUxHk;pnf;urf;;ESifhtnD a&;zGJUaom uAsm0gusrsm;ESifh ywfoufí
wifrdk;\ ]{nfhonfBuD;}? a'gif;EG,faqG\ ]ppf}? rHk½GmaeZm\ ]jrefEIef;jrifhpHcsdef} ?
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xm;ygonf/ zGJUxHk;pnf;urf;ESifhtnD a&;zGJUxm;aom uAsm0gusrsm;udk toHk;jyK
xm;ojzifh uAsm\ qdkvdk&if;udk ydkíoabmaygufem;vnfvG,fapNyD; uAsm
oHk;aMumif;xJjzifh uAsmhteuft"dyÜm,fudk ay:vGifxif½Sm;atmif? cHpm;rI
av;eufvmatmif a&;zGJUzefwD;EdkifcJhaom uAsmpmqdkwdkY\ tzGJUpGrf;&nfudkvnf;
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]pmwdkufyHk;}? armifaygufpnf(ref;wuúodkvf)\ ]{nfhonf}? apma0\ ]tar}?
armifvlrSdef\ ]obm0oif;uGJ}? pdk;atmifopf\ ]tif;vsm;} uAsmrsm;jzifh
om"ujy wifjyxm;ygonf/ uAsmtwGif;½Sd yk'fwdkYudk pmqdkYtcGifhxl;t&
vdktyfovdk a½TUajymif;toH;k jyKxm;aomfvnf; uAsmhqkdvdk&if; teuft"dyÜm,fudk
ysuf,Gif;rIr½SdbJ uAsmhtmedoifudk ydkíav;eufvmapum pmzwfoludk ESpfoufrI
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q&m\ zefwD;rIpGrf;&nft& uAsmhqdkvdk&if;? uAsmhtmedoifESifh uAsmcHpm;rI
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 869

&owGif trsdK;rsdK;uGmjcm;oGm;EdkifaMumif; awGUjrif&ygonf/ uAsmzwfolonf

uAsm0gusrSwpfqifh pum;vHk;rsm;qDodkY tm½HkjyKrdum uAsmhteufudk ydkí
awG;qEdkifonf[k xifjrifrdygonf/ uAsm0guszefwD;rIonf uAsmhOD;wnfcsuf?
uAsmhtaMumif;t&mESifh uAsmcHpm;rItwGuf rsm;pGm taxmuftyHhjyKaeaMumif;
avhvmoHk;oyfrdygonf/

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ygonf/
870 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

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