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xkwfa0jcif; / yxrtBudrf? 2009 ckESpf atmufwdkbmv
rsufESmzHk;ESifhtwGif;'DZdkif; / oD[armifarmif
qufoG,f&ef / P.O Box 93, Maesod, Tak, 63110, Thailand
Tel: 66(0)55 545 495
e.mail: [email protected] website: www.aappb.org
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_______________________________________

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_________________________________

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_______________________________________

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___________________________________________________

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aeawmU\/
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]&Si[ hf mawG cPxm;ygOD; &Sif ndKUowif;av;bmav; ar;zkUd owdr&atmif tvky&f KS wf
aeNyv D m; }
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vT/J awmfNyD [kajymum rcifat;vSnUf xGuo f mG ;onf/ [m..aeygOD;As...'gav;awG ,lomG ;ygOD; taqmif
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rcifat; ydí k pdww f u dk m
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&Sif tlaMumifaMumifvyk rf aeeJU ? azaomif;[m azaomif;yJ awmblwmuav;u rajymif;
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]usaemf bmajymif;vJvUkd vJAsm...rcifat;uvJ}
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wkUd awmblwmav;udk rrSwrf ad vmufatmif &l;oGm;NyDvm; }
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&if; w&SK;xkd;xGufoGm;onf/ azaomif;rSm [m..Asm..a&;vkdufygr,f rtm;ao;vkdU yg[kom qifajc
ay;&if; vufptvkyrf sm;qufusecf UJ \/
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tvSLcHzUkd vmaeMuw,f/ [laom owif;aMumifh rcifat;awGUorQ ydu k qf q H u JG m taqmif
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dk v f maeaom
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um rcifat; awmif;xJxnfUvku d \ f / azaomif;&,fum a0zm usaemfBudKufw,fAs pm;rSmyJ[k jyefaemuf
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olrw&m;yGJ rMumcP em;axmifaomfvn;f &Si;f rjycsi/f azaomif; tm;pdww f í
dk ]&Si&hf yk f
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csiw f m} [kaqmifBh uD; atmifBh uD; ajymvku d o f nf/
_________________________________

w&T;D &D;T ESiahf vwk;d oHrsm;Mum;rS pum;rsm;udk ndK tm;pku d ef m;axmifae&onfrmS tm;rvkd
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d jf zpfvm\/
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][UJ..arsmufu 'ku©txkyfoGm;rjznfeJUOD; a&ma,mifNyD; tqGJcH&vkdU....}
ndK rsuEf mS plí ndK MunfUcsiw f ,f ndK MunfUcsiw f ,f [líom wpmpmatmfaeonf/
_______________________________________________________
nf/
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ausmif;om; y&dwo f wfukd jrifítm;wufvmonf/
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tckae&kw&f w k o f o J J 0ifzrf;&if 'kuy© J igawmUb,fajy;&rSe;f rodb;l [k tm;i,f&if; w&m;
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yg&if;ndK taMumufajyvmonf/
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jyefa&mufvm\l/
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ajymcsurf sm;udk wvefUvefUESihf em;axmifvu dk } f
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udk oGm;BudKrvkUd [k zdwaf c:onf/
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olum;ay:rS jyefqif;&rvkv d kd jzpfae\/ a[Uaumif vku d cf UJ OD;avuGm ..[krd mS csde;f xm;
NyD;awmU[k xGe;f oufu owday;\/ olqif;rnfjyKNyD;wefUaeonf/
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wm awmu oem;ygw,f[k aigufqwfqwfajymvdu k \f /
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cRwí f urf;ay;NyD; um;ay:ygoGm;awmU\/
f
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ueJ wufacgufum at;yg &SifhxkdufeJU&SifhuH aemufrS tqkd;rqkdeJU ..tckawmU ndKUxkdufeJUndKUuHyg[k
atmf[pfusefcUJ onf/
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&if;yif a0;íuG,af ysmufomG ;&\/
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]a&mU..'DrmS ..ESv;Hk om;r&So d wl a,muf&UJ MuifemrSK}
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cHpm;vku d &f \/
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aomfvnf; r&/ tawG;pkjH zihf &SKwfaxG;aeonf/
rcifat;onf vm..oGm;Mur,f[kqkdum x&yf\/
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rukeaf o;? azaomif;vm&Sm&if rawGUbJ a,mifcsmcsmjzpfaeatmif vkycf sifvo S nf/
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í aqmif;vku d &f aomfvnf; udak zaomif; OD;xky?f udak zaomif;u igaqmif;zkUd ay;vku d w f m [laom aEG;
axG;MunfeK;rSKudk olr razsmufcsiaf y/l
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jzifh aemufausmif;om;wOD; wufvmjyefonf/ OD;oefUeJU rSKd i;f &mjynfU ta&;awmfyHk awGeUJ vufqifu h rf;
cJUwm igwkUd &JU wm0efukd pufrKS ausmif;om; udzk ek ;f armfu aoG;eJUrD;&SK;azmufNyD; tcsuaf y;cJUNyD igwkUd acwf
rSm tNyD;tjywfwu dk Mf ur,f[k qufvufa[majymvmonf/
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ajzmif;ajzmif; vufcyk o f rH sm; eSit hf wl wku d yf 0JG if&rJ ,f r[kwv f m;..tck tusO;f axmifxrJ mS &Sad ewJU ig
wkUkd &Jabmfausmif;om;awG Mum;atmif vGwaf jrmufa&;wku d yf aJG wGrmS toufay;cJUwJU igwkUd aemifawmf
trawmfawG&JU 0dOmOfawGMum;atmif a<u;aMumfMurvm;...[laom ar;oH? pifatmufrSausmif;om;
xk\ vku d rf ,f wku d yf 0JG ifr,f [laom uwday;oHrsm; em;axmif&if; olryg tm;wufvmonf/
S
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ausmif;om;rsm;udk vufcw k w
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hf wl ndKU&ifrmS vSKy&f mS ;aeonfUMum;
rS pmMunfUwku
d af &SUodUk MunfUí &SmazG&onfrmS tarmom;/
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tvsiv f dk taES;awGUovkd jzpfaeNyD /

vkud cf siof rl sm;udk ac:&ef bwfpum;iSm;&onfU wm0efyg azaomif;,l&\/ vG,v f ,G Ef iS hf
r& aemufq;Hk rS [D;Ek;d wpD;&vmí tarmwaum ac:um wifvm&onf/ pdwx f üJ tvkyu f wzuf ndK
twGuf tm;em&onfuwzuf / ausmif;0if;xJ jyefa&mufí pmMunfUwku d af &SUajy;rnfMuHumrS jyóem
uay:aeonf/
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rsm;ta&;wBuD;owif;ay;í olpkHpr;fMunfU&m ausmif;om;a&;yJvkyfr,f..edKifiHa&;ra[majymeJU[kqkd
um olwUdk wcgrS rjrifb;l olwpku pifuw kd uford ;f &efBuHjcif;yif / azaomif;pifeaH b;wif;usyaf om vkH
jcHKa&;pnf;rSm vufcsi;f csw d í f umuG,x f m;&olawG xJyg0ifae&\/
Aku
d uf w*D*G rDG nfvmrS xrif;rpm;&ao;rSe;f odvmonf/
pifatmuf&Sd xrif;xkyfrsm;rS awGUu&mtxkyfvSrf;qGJí wa,mufuvkdufcGHUa<u;\/
azaomif;wkUd vufwrJG jzKwf um&Hxm;&if; yg;pyfu0g;..rsupf u d vsiv f six
f m;&onf/ bJOwvk;H ESihf xrif;
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rod&ef zk;H zdvsuf ol&wkUd tzGUJ ysm,mcwfaeonf/
]MunfUprf; ckeuyJ tmpDo&D; tzGUJ awGvmwm igawGUygw,f/ b,frvJuakd zaomif; ..
pmMunfUwku d af &SUudk ra&mufvmbl; } b,favmufaepdrUf vJqw dk m}
t&m&mudk rsupf o d il ,fem;oli,fEiS Mhf unfUae&aom ndK rSm rcifat; pum;aMumifh pdr;f
um;jcif; "g;yg;ESihf olr&ifwiG ;f trTe;f cHae&onfU a0'emudk todtrSwrf jyKcsiyf J jyKvu dk &f NyDjzpfonf/
]igwkUd vnf; qmvSNyD ..vmwckco k mG ;pm;&atmif }
rcifat; ac:&m ndKUrSm OD;xkyu f av;aqmif;í ukyu f yk vf udk cf UJ &\/ pifay:wGif 'd;k ywfrsm;
wD;í ausmif;olo;Hk a,mufcefUu oDcsi;f rsm;qkad eonf/ [kww f yd wÅd oDcsi;f rwdu k &f bJ qk&d onfrUdk toH
rrSef? ausmif;olrsm;rSmvnf; r&Jw&Jjzpfaeí ndK0kd;w0g;omMum;&aomfvn;f [,f..ae0if;&JU ...[l
aom toHukd twdtusMum;vdu k í f ausmcsr;f ovkd jzpfr\ d /
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][kdrSm ndK ....ndK ...rcifat; ...vmvm..'Dudkvm}

pifaemufzuf olrwkUd jzwfavQmufcsed f &SKyaf xG;aeaom ausmif;om;tkyMf um;rS ac:oHaMumifh
vSnUf MunfUMuonf/ azaomif;rS pifaemufzufü tjcm;ausmif;om;rsm;ESit hf wl vlwwH idk ;f ozG,f vuf
csif;csdwfum xm;&mrS ..olrwkdUtm; rcsifhr&Jac:aejcif;yif /
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rcifat;jyefatmfNyD; ndKvufuq kd aJG c:onf/ vSnUf MunfU vSnUf MunfUESi'hf &Twf '&Twyf goGm;
aom ndKUrsuvf ;Hk uav;rsm;udk jrifíazaomif; &ifxJ vSKyfcgoGm;aomfvnf; tajctaet& olwwfeKd if
wm udo k mvkyv
f u dk &f onf/
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ay;wm ..bmrS rpm;&ao;vkUd yg}
xrif;xkyEf iS hf teD;qk;H ausmif;om;u awmif;xJrmS ykaH eaom txkyef pS x f yk q
f í JG b,frmS
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rcifat;u aeygap ...usrwkdU0,fpm;r,f [kxkdausmif;om;tm; ,Of,Ofaus;aus;wkefU
jyefaomfvn;f trwdUk awmuawmifvmtm;ay;wmqkd pm;yg/ trsm;BuD;&Syd gw,f[k twif;ay;onf/
rcifat;wGeUf qkwaf ekpOfyif azaomif;\ tm;awmift h m;em rsuv
f ;Hk rssm;ESihf &ifqidk v
f u
dk &f
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f / rcifat;u azaomif;ukd tm;&atmif rsuf
apmif;vufeufjzifh ypfcwfcUJ NyD; jyefxu G vf mcJUonf/
azaomif;um; reufjzef usaemf rcifat;taqmifudk apmapmvmcJUr,f ndK apmifah evm
ac:r,f pum;awGvn;f ajym&atmif [kom vSr;f atmfusecf UJ \/
____________________________________________

wu,fwrf;usawmU reufjzefqw dk m ra&&maom umvwckomjzpfreS ;f ndK tckawmU

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pm;&if; nonfveG cf UJ onf/ reufjzefawmU udak zaomif;ESihf pum;at;aq;ajymcGi&hf rSm aocsmw,f/ ig
vnf;wckck 0kid ;f vkyaf y;csiw f ,fvUdk &atmif ylqm&rSmyJ 'grSigvnf; ausmif;olwa,muftaeeJU wm0ef
ausr,f[k awG;um ukad zaomif;ukd ajym&rnfUpum;rsm;udk pDumywfu;Hk pOfMunfUaecJUonf/
] udak zaomif;udak v ndK t&rf;pdwu f ek af ewm odvm; bmrSvnf; ndKUtay:rSm rcifwwf
bl; ndKUudk aeylcaH qmif;wJUOD;xkyf avmufawmif tav;rxm;bl; OD;xkyu f akd wmif npfayae&if oefUpif
zdUk owd&csi&f r,f ndKUudak wmU awGUwke;f u ajymcsiw f majymvkycf UJ NyD; ndK vku d v
f mwmawmif *&kpu kd af zmf
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nDrav; awmuawmif vku d v f mtm;ay;wmuGm xrif;xkyaf y;vku d yf gvkUd a} jymvkud w
f UJ rsuEf mS av; ndK
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waeUvHk; wnvHk; ndKUtdrfrSmatmif;í jzpforQZmwfaMumif;pHkudk cif;&onfrSm
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reufr;kd rvif;cif rd;k onf;onf;Mum;rSm ndKxí azaomif;udk ESKd ;&onf /
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ndK...odNyD;a&maygU &Spf&ufaeUpr,f ..udk,fUzufrSm tm;vkH;eD;yg;tqifajyygw,f/ t

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opfyif&yd rf sm;Mum;ckeu f ;l vmonf /
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ndK jyLwif;0rSu, G u f m Adu k u
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ordik ;f 0iftvSnt hf ajymif;wckwiG f ndKwUkd NrdKUuav; tjcm;NrdKUenf;wl *kPrf i,fwrf;
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