CNC Machine Tools

CNC Milling Machine

Vertical Machining Center
The vertical milling machine is a precision tool used for shaping and fabrication by the removal of
stock typically from metallic work pieces. Mill controls may be manually operated or CNC
operated.

Horizontal Machining Center

Horizontal machining occurs on a Horizontal Machining Center (HMC), which employs a spindle
that is parallel to the ground floor. One of the advantage is that, the scrap metal naturally falls
away from the machined component due to the gravity. Second advantage is that the HMC allows
for two or more pallets. One pallet on which machining work is done and the other pallet on which
material are being loaded for machining work. These characteristics of HMC facilitate unattended
operation and reduce part cycle times.

Drill & Tapping Center

Drill & Tapping centers bring in milling, boring and tapping achieving speed, flexibility, and reduce
cycle-times. These Drill & Tapping centers have increased machining capabilities, and also have
a better reliability. Drill & Tapping centers are suitable for accurate, quick, and repeated
machining jobs. Drill & Tapping centers are also suitable for machining components with multiple
holes which are deep or may be threaded. Today there are variety of Metals which can be
machined using these Drill & Tapping centers: Aluminum, Zinc, Steel, Stainless steel, Cast Iron
and Titanium.

CNC Double Columns

Double columns CNC machine has increased rigidity and stability of the machine tool which leads
to considerable reduction of vibration, tool bending or deflection while comparing to single column
CNC machine. Use of Two columns CNC machine provides tighter tolerances while it also
operates at a suitable spindle speeds.

CNC Lathe Machine

CNC Lathes machines are commonly used for machining components, where the component is
clamped and rotated by the spindle whereas the cutting tool is stationary and mounted & moved
in various axis. CNC Lathes are also known as CNC Turning Machines.

CAD or CAM processes are used to design a customized component and also to program the
lathe machine’s tool path. The design program is then fed to the CNC lathes to produce the
component. Multi spindle CNC lathes are now available instead of more conventional lathes.

The four common type of CNC Lathe machines are Engine Lathes, Speed Lathes, Tool
Room Lathes, and Turret Lathes.

Boring Machining Center

The boring is done by specialized machines to do this work, these machine are called Boring
Machines or Boring Mills.
 Vertical Boring Machines - here the work piece rotates around a vertical axis while boring tool
moves linearly.

Horizontal Boring machine - here the work piece is placed on a table and the boring tool rotates
around a horizontal axis and bores holes in a horizontal direction. Apart from its primary job of
boring it can also do drilling, milling and facing.

CNC Grinding Machine

CNC Grinding Machines use a rotating grinding wheel to achieve material removal on a metallic
work piece by means of cutting. CNC grinding machines enables component machining to be
carried out fully in an automated manner. CNC grinding machines can do the most complex
works accurately, quickly, and automatically

EDM
Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a process that accurately removes material from
conductive materials (the work piece) using an electrode. In the space between work piece and
electrode, a discharge happens that removes material from the work piece by melting or
vaporizing. A dielectric fluid is used to submerge the work piece and the electrode for the EDM
process to take place

Wire EDM
A thin wire is used to cut the work piece. The wire is used as the electrode. The wire is constantly
fed from an automated feed with a spool. The wire is held with diamond guides. The liquid used is
deionized water. The wire is made of brass or copper.

Sinker EDM
Sinker EDM. A Die sink is used in this process which helps to produce complex shapes. This
method uses electrodes - generally graphite or copper that has been already machined to a
necessary shape.

Sheet metal machinery

Bending Machine

CNC Bending machines have versatile functions and take very less time to set it up.
These CNC bending machines are of high speed and have high accuracy. They have
displays of real time information about the forming which helps in saving time. These
CNC bending machines are very easy to use, even an operator with limited experience
can operate them without difficulty.

Press brake Machine

CNC Press Brake is used for bending sheet metal. CNC press brakes are also called
CNC brake presses. These machines vary from small to large in size depending upon
the bending of sheet metal size which can vary from just few MM across to many meters
in length. CNC press brakes can control multi-axis operations.

Shearing Machine

CNC Shearing Machines are used to cut the sheet metal component to a size. Shearing
machines are used in cutting of alloys and any other sheet metal. Some CNC shearing
 machines cuts metal with an angular shear action to produce sheets or strips. There are
shearing machines which uses a straight shear action with the blade fixed at an angle
instead of the angular movement. There are two blades in a shearing machine, one fixed
in the shear bed and the other moving vertically.

There are different types of shearing machines that can be used according to the job type
requirement, namely: Air or pneumatic shears, Hydraulic shears, Hydro-mechanical
shears, Mechanical shears, and Servo-driven shears.

Punching Machine

Punching Machine is a machine tool for punching into a sheet metal to emboss and
obtain a desired shape with accuracy.

The features of punching machine available in the market are if they are highly reliable,
operate safely, if they are automated and hence save labor & are highly efficient. Today
there are CNC Punching machines which comes with low noise, high energy efficiency.

As the punching machines work fast and with high pressure, the safety aspect is
important and therefore the punching machine should have safety features.

Laser Cutting Machine

In a laser cutting machine, laser optics and CNC are used to guide the material or the
laser beam produced. A laser beam is directed at the material, which then either melts,
burns, vaporizes away, or is blown away by a jet of gas, leaving a surface with highly
accurate finish.

There are three types of laser cutting machines:

 The Co2 laser cutting machine is used for cutting, boring, and engraving.
 The Neodymium (Nd) laser cutting machine is used for boring with high energy and
where repetition low job is required.
 The Nd-YAG laser cutting machine is used where very high power is required and for
boring and engraving.

Plasma Cutting Machine

CNC Plasma Cutting Machines are used for the job where greater flexibility is required to
cut sheet metal into diverse shapes and the work is to be done in a shorter period. CNC
plasma cutting machines are very suitable for cutting the sheet metal in curved or in an
angled shape.

Plasma cutting are mainly available in 3 configuration

 2 Axis plasma cutting for producing flat profiles, where the cut edges are at 90
degrees to the material surface.

 3+ Axis plasma cutting where the cut edges are at an angle other than 90 degrees to
the material surface, for example 30-45 degree angles.

 Tube and section plasma cutting is used while working with tube, pipe or any form of
long section.
 Stamping Press Machine
A Stamping Press is a metalworking machine which uses a die to shape or cut the sheet
metal by deforming the metal. Stamping press uses precision made dies to define the
shape of the final component.

Stamping press are designed in various shape of frame, for example C-Frame or H-
Frame depending upon the applications. The size and tonnage of the presses is based
on the type of job that is to be done like blanking, forming, progressive or transfer.

Presses are electronically connected through PLC to a feeder which automatically feeds
unrolled metal sheet through the die.

Die Spotting Machine

Die Spotting Presses are used for the manufacturing and inspection of dies and mould.
Die Spotting Press provides us with a precise and a safe way to inspect core and cavity
of a Die or a mould. It allows you to conveniently match all the parts of the mould in a
more in comfortable position. Inspection and finishing of the die happens at one place in
a safe way.

Die spotting presses today uses efficient and quick die or mould tryout, to ensure high
precision and excellent reliability of the die or mould produced.

Conventional Machine Tools

Turning Machine

Turning Machines are used for metalworking operations that rotate the work piece to
move the metal against the cutting tool. Lathes are widely used as turning machines.

Milling Machine

Milling Machines are used for metalworking operations where cutting tool rotates to place
cutting edges on the work piece. Milling machines are widely used in milling.

Grinding Machine

Grinding is used to finish work pieces by giving it a good surface quality and to correct its
shape and dimension. Accuracy that produced by a Grinding machine in dimensions is of
the order of 0.025 microns, they are mostly used in finishing applications that removes
relatively little metal at a depth of about 0.25 to 0.50 mm . Grinding machines are also
used in roughing operations in which grinding removes high volumes of material at a high
speed.

Drilling Machine
Drilling Machine is used in cutting process that uses a rotary drill bit to cut a hole of
circular cross-section in solid materials. The drill bit is faced against the work piece and is
rotated at hundreds to thousands of RPM to drill a hole.

In Drilling Machine application such as rock drilling, the hole is produced by hammering a
drill bit into the hole with rapid and repeated short movements.
 Different types of drilling machines available are:

 Hand drilling machine

 Bench drilling machine
 Upright drilling machine
 Radial drilling machine
 Gang drilling machine
 Multiple spindle drilling machine
 Deep hole drilling machine

Slotting Machine
The Slotting Machine is utilized for cutting grooves, keys and slots of different shapes.

The different types of slotting machines are:

1. Punch slotting machine: used for removing of metal from large forged or cast
components.

2. Tool room slotting machine: this machine operates at high speeds and produces
precision components

3. Production slotting machine

Band Saw Machine

A Band Saw Machine uses a powered saw. The saw is a long, sharp blade made up of a
continuous toothed metal and kept across two or more wheels to cut material. These
band saw machines are predominantly used in wood-working, metal-working &
lumbering. Since there is an even load distribution on blade tooth it produces a uniform
cutting of the material and therefore these machines have ability to cut curved or irregular
shapes.

The blade used in the band saw machines are of different sizes and tooth pitches (teeth
per inch or TPI)

Shaping Machine

In a Metalworking Shaping Machine, the cutter rides on a ram that moves relative to a
fixed work piece. The ram is typically actuated by a mechanical crank or is also
hydraulically actuated. We can add axes of motion to a shaping machine which can even
produce a spiral tool path.

Shaper Machine are used to make straight and flat surface or smoothen a rough surface.
They are also used to produce internal splines. Shaper machines are used to produce
gear teeth and the keyways in gears.

We classify Shaping Machine as: Standard Shaping Machine, Universal Shaping

Machine, and Draw cut Shaping Machine, horizontal Shaping Machine, Vertical Shaping
Machine, Geared Shaping Machine, Crank Shaping Machine, and Hydraulic Shaping
Machines.

Injection Moulding & Die Casting Machine

The steps in making a part/component in a Die Casting Machine or an Injection Moulding
Machine are the same. As a first step, we make a die or a mould and then produce the
component we want to make. In the second step, under extreme pleasure the liquid form of
material is injected into a die or a mould. We then cool the die and open it to remove the formed
component.

Die casting machine are used to make components from metal, for example an aluminum alloy.
Injection moulding machine are used to make components from plastic or polymers.

Plastic Injection Moulding machine

Injection Moulding process is versatile, as it is used to create a variety of parts, ranging in
both size and shape.

Injection Moulding Machines are classified primarily by the type of drive systems they
use: hydraulic, mechanical, electrical, or hybrid (hydraulic & electrical drives).

In Injection moulding machine moulds can be fastened in either a horizontal or vertical

position using a manual clamp or a hydraulic clamp or a magnetic clamp. In case where
fast mould changes is required magnetic and hydraulic clamps are used.

The advantage of using Injection moulding machines is the process in fast, allows use of
various plastic or polymer substances. Also, the component/product produced is of high
accuracy.

Die Casting Machine

In Die Casting Machine the molten metal under high pressure in forced into mould cavity.
Die castings process is used to make castings from non-ferrous metals such as zinc,
aluminum, lead, magnesium, copper and alloys of tin.

Die castings produces castings with high accuracy therefore secondary operations are
not required. Using Die Casting process even complex design can be cast very easily.

Die casting machines comes in two variants: 1. Hot chamber machines 2. Cold chamber
machines.

Die Casting machines are rated by the clamping force they can exert and the ratings vary
between 2,500 and 25,400 kg. For example a 2500 kg Die casting machine is capable of
producing a maximum clamping force of 2500 kg. The calculated tonnage indicates
suitable casting machine which we require and that machine will not produce defective
castings.