Feasibility Study Business Proposal Plan

Prepared By: Britech Plus+ Enterprises For: Honesty Farm Investment Limited
4, Victoria Shomorin Close

Agbado Oke Aro
08130224466
FEASIBILITY STUDY /BUSINESS PROPOSAL

PLAN
ON
GARI PROCESSING FROM CASSAVA AND

PACKAGING
DEVELOPED BY
BRITECH PLUS+ ENTERPRISES

APRIL 2020
FOR
HONESTY FARM INVESTMENT
AKINALE TOWN LAGOS-ABEOKUTAEXPRESS ROAD
OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
1
This document is confidential for Honesty Farm Investment. BTP/BFP/HFI/040620
However, Britech Plus+ Enterprises have the legal right to use it as official means of securing business proposal and contract in future.
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Table of contents
1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………3
2. Aim and Objective………………………………………………………………………4
3. Executive Summary……………………………………………………………………5
4. Market Analysis……………………………………………………………...............6
5. Management team…………………………………………………………………….12
6. Technical Specifications/Production Plan…………………………………...14
7. Marketing Plans……………………………………………………………..............28
8. Examination of Risks and Problems……………………………………………29
9. Financial and Economic Plans…………………………………………………….32
10. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………..41
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1. INTRODUCTION
(Manihot esculenta)
Cassava is a perennial woody shrub with an edible root, which grows in tropical and subtropical
areas of the world. Cassava originated from tropical America and was first introduced into Africa
in the Congo basin by the Portuguese around 1558. Today, it is a dietary staple in much of tropical
Africa.
It is rich in carbohydrates, calcium, vitamins B and C, and essential minerals. However, nutrient
composition differs according to variety and age of the harvested crop, and soil conditions,
climate, and other environmental factors during cultivation.
1.1 Importance
In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) cassava is mainly a subsistence crop grown for food by small-scale
farmers who sell the surplus. It grows well in poor soils with limited labor requirements. It
provides food security during conflicts when the invader cannot easily destroy or remove the
crop, since it conveniently grows underground. Cassava is usually intercropped with vegetables,
plantation crops (such as coconut, oil palm, and coffee), yam, sweet potato, melon, maize, rice,
groundnut, or other legumes. The application of fertilizer remains limited among small-scale
farmers due to the high cost and lack of availability. Roots can be harvested between 6 months
and 3 years after planting.
Apart from food, cassava is very versatile and its derivatives and starch are applicable in many
types of products such as foods, confectionery, sweeteners, glues, plywood, textiles, paper,
biodegradable products, monosodium glutamate, and drugs. Cassava chips and pellets are used in
animal feed and alcohol production.
1.2 Production
More than 228 million tons of cassava were produced worldwide in 2007, of which Africa
accounted for 52%. In 2007, Nigeria produced 46 million tons making it the world’s largest
producer. According to 2002 FAO estimates, Africa exports only one ton of cassava annually.
Cassava production depends on a supply of quality stem cuttings. The multiplication rate of
planting materials is very low compared to grain crops, which are propagated by true seeds. In
addition, cassava stem cuttings are bulky and highly perishable as they dry up within a few days.
1.3 Harvesting
Nineteen million hectares of cassava were planted worldwide in 2007, with about 63% in Africa.
Cassava requires less labor than all other staple crops (21% in working days as compared to
maize, yam and rice). However, it requires considerable postharvest labor because the roots are
highly perishable and must be processed into a storable form soon after harvest. Roots can be
harvested between six months and three years after planting.
Many varieties contain a substance called cyanide that can make the crop toxic if inadequately
processed. Various processing methods, such as grating, sun drying, and fermenting, are used to
reduce the cyanide content.
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1.4 Consumption
Nearly every person in Africa eats around 80 kilograms of cassava per year. It is estimated that
37% of dietary energy comes from cassava. The Democratic Republic of Congo is the largest
consumer of cassava in SSA, followed by Nigeria.
1.5 Disease and constraints
The major pests of cassava in SSA are the cassava green mite and the variegated grasshopper. The
main diseases affecting cassava are cassava mosaic disease (CMD), cassava bacterial blight,
cassava anthracnose disease, and root rot. CMD alone accounted for an estimated 47% of East
and Central Africa’s cassava production losses during a serious outbreak beginning in the early
1990’s until 2006. Pests, disease and poor cultivation practices combined can cause yield losses
as high as 50% in all of Africa.
1.6 Economic potential of Cassava production
The government of Nigeria introduced policies to encourage the substitution of high quality
cassava flour for wheat flour in bread baking from March 2012, starting with 10 percent cassava
flour inclusion with a steady increase to 40 percent by 2015. The belief that a growing demand for
cassava will spur rural industrial development and contribute to the economic development of
producing, processing and trading communities, is the basis for the 40% cassava flour inclusion
in bread.
Successful implementation of the policy on inclusion of cassava flour in bread will result in a 40%
reduction in Nigeria’s wheat imports by 2015, conserve foreign exchange earnings and increase
employment; wheat imports are currently estimated at N635 billion (about $4.2bn).
Presently, cassava is primarily produced for food especially in the form of gari, lafun and fufu
with little or no use in the agribusiness sector as an industrial raw material. However, the crop
can be processed into several secondary products of industrial market value. These products
include chips, pellets, flour, adhesives, alcohol, and starch, which are vital raw materials in the
livestock feed, alcohol/ethanol, textile, confectionery, wood, food and soft drinks industries.
Moreover, these products are tradable in the international market.
2. AIM & OBJECTIVE

This business feasibility studies try to show the likelihood of your proposed action succeeding or
failing, through a careful look at the costs and opportunities involved.
This studies helps to determine if a proposed strategic action makes sense operationally and will
produce the desired results.
 To add value to the cassavas produced by milling the roots into flour for consumption by
the farmers' families.
 To enable the community to start businesses involving baking of doughnuts and bread,
making porridge, from cassava flour.
 To boost livestock production by availing cheaper, more nutritious livestock feeds in the
form of milled cassava roots.
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2.1 OUR VISION STATEMENT
Our vision is to be the best in what we do for our customers
3. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Feasibility Study on the establishment of a cassava cultivation and processing is based on the survey
made by Britech Plus+ Enterprises, and the business wholly owned by him Mr. Innocent. The farm
will be name HONESTY FARM INVESTMENT and will concentrate on growth of cassava and
gari processing.
Honesty will supply gari and its other product forms to different quick service in south west Nigeria
and our vision is to be one of the known gari product supplier in Nigeria with a mission to have gari
and its byproducts at a very profitable venture.
From the research that was carried out it was discovered that the demand for cassava flour and its
byproducts is not fully satisfied in Nigeria, though they are already existing agricultural farms
operating around borders of Abeokuta and Ogun state environment, the cassava cultivation plant
will be sited at Idosun along Ilaro, Abeokuta in Ogun state. There are high demand in some part of
Nigeria majorly Enugu, Lagos, part of Ogun. These legal requirements for the establishment of this
venture such as local government revenue (tax) per month and security payment (vigilante) per
month have been inquired and will be carefully complied with.
The venture will help in providence employment to the locals meeting the demand of gari and
making the price affordable in future, HONESTY FARM INVESTMENT intends to develop into
other cassava by products.
3.1 KEY SUCCESS FACTOR
The key success factors are:
1) The use of quality breeds of cassava free from pest and diseases
2) The enrichment with vitamin A
3) The packaging of the product in sachet
4) The high demand of garri as an important inclusion in the diet of the people of the
Southern Nigeria.
5) In this era of growing middle class in the country, garri comes in handy to very busy
Housewives who combine their roles as mothers and workers and who scarcely have
Enough time to engage in daily pounding of cassava fufu as was done when women have
Enough time.
3.2 STRATEGY AND IMPLEMENTATION SUMMARY OBJECTIVE
 To increase number of our client by 50% within 5 years of existence.

 To evaluate our strategic marketing by every three months.
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4. MARKET ANALYSIS
4.1 Market Trends

Garri is one of Nigeria’s staple/essential diets and is taken in every home. If you intend
starting your own garri processing business, then you will need a land where you will not only
install your facility, but it must also be near as possible to your source of raw materials
A second trend in the business is having several storage facilities in strategic locations all
around Ogun State and Nigeria in general, this is so as to be close to customers, increase
awareness about the brand and also increase patronage for the business, thereby boosting
revenue.
4.2 TARGET MARKET
The target market for Garri is very huge as almost every home and everyone takes this
product. However, more people are likely to take one color of garri than the other depending
on their location. We intend to carry out a thorough market survey that will allow us
determine the quantity that would be needed to be processed for each color of garri.
Even though almost everyone takes garri in one form or the other, we are still required to
market our product so as to become a preferable brand to our customers, either existing or
potential.
Our target market includes;
Households
Schools
Restaurants
Hotels
Students
Single Popular Markets.
Males and females.
4.3 MAJOR COMPETITOR
1. Obasanjo farm (Ota farm) company. The owner of this company is Chief Olusegun
Obasanjo, he is also known as a retired army officer, and politician. His farming company
is known as Ota farm, but the full name is Obasanjo Farms Nigeria Limited. The company
was opened on October 8, 1979. In the beginning, the staff of the company consisted of four
bulldozer operators and now the number of workers is about 7,000. Obasanjo farm played
an important role in the development of agriculture in Nigeria. The company was a pioneer
of mechanization in the industry and this is one of the reasons for its success. Obasanjo
farm considers agriculture as a profitable and vital industry important for all spheres of life.
Today a high-class expert manages the company. The territory of the farm is around 30
thousand hectares.
2. Maizube farms the owner of this company is General Abdulsalami Abubakar, he is also
known for his military and political career. Maizube Farms Limited plays an important role
in the development of agriculture in the country in this era. The farm is located in Minna,
Niger State. It is a 500-hectare multi-product farm that has crop and livestock sections. The
company is considered as one of the most stable sources of animal and crop products.
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3. Sebore farms the owner of this company is Admiral Murtala Nyako, he is also known as
executive governor of Adamawa State. Admiral Murtala is not only a successful politician
but also one of the most successful farmers in Nigeria.
4. Sebore Company is a multipurpose farm situated in Mayo Belwa, Adamawa State. This
is one of the largest mechanized farms in the country. Anandaruya farms the president/CEO
of the company is Usman Dantata Jr. The large company is a poultry farm located in Tiga,
Bebej, Kano State. The company was founded by Alhaji Usman Sanusi Dantata in the 1960s.
Now the company produces above 3, 000 broilers weekly. The company is considered the
most viable farm in the country at the present time.
5. Jovana farming company The Company is situated in Mushin, Lagos. The specialization
of the company is farming of animals grass cutters (greater cane rats), quail, rabbits, guinea
pigs, antelope, fish, and so on. The CEO of the farm is Prince Arinze Onebunne, he is also a
known consultant in the questions of farming.
6. Animal care service Konsult The founder of this company is a veterinary doctor
Olatunde Agbato. The firm became a viable player in the agricultural sector. The company
does commercial poultry production, aquaculture, commercial livestock feed milling,
manufacturing, distribution and procurement of animal health products. The farm also
provides expert services of the highest level Animal care started its work in 1979 in Ogere
Remo, Ogun State.
7. Nagari integrated dairy farm the company has a status of largest single integrated dairy
farms in Africa. The territory of a farm is 1,200 hectares and the number of cattle in the
farm is more than 7,000. The firm developed its own methodologies of farming and
expertise in dairy farming.
8. Folawiyo farms limited The Company is located in Apapa, Lagos. The date of its
foundation is October 4, 1985, today there are several branches of the company across the
states of the country. Folawiyo Farms stands on a high position in many aspects of the
agriculture industry in the country. The firm works with livestock farming, fish farming,
agricultural consultancy, flour milling, engineering and development, farm tools,
horticulture, fertilizer services and so on.
9. Anu-Oluwa farm the specialization of the company is poultry and egg production and
this is one of the largest farms in the country in this sphere of industry. It also sells materials
and livestock feeds, day-old chicks, fish and fish fingerlings, table eggs, the point of lays and
livestock vaccines.
4.4 CURRENT MARKET PRICE
Fig 1. Market price report for Cassava Tubers

04/06/2020 Tuber/Ton
Sambuk Agricultural Enterprises Ltd 22000
Ogbomosho 25000
28000
Sunsed Venture
Average Price/ ONE 25,000
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Fig 2. Market price report for land Lease/Sales
04/06/2020 Land 1 plot

Lease N250,000/year
Sales N5,000,000
4.5 Cassava Processing Business Plan – MARKET ANALYSIS
4.5 SALES AND MARKETING STRATEGY
At Honesty Farm Investment, we intend to ensure that we adopt several marketing strategies
towards ensuring that our existing customers are aware of our drive towards success. Also, our
sales strategies will be done in such a way as to ensure we penetrate the market, therefore
creating a wide reach.
4.5.0 Marketing plan
There are no major garri processing company that package their garri in Abeokuta Ogun state,
hence reduced or no commendable competitor. Therefore, if Honesty Company commences
operation as planned, it will be a market leader in no distant time.
4.5.1 Promotion strategy
There will be awareness creation both on the radio and newspapers to attract people’s attention to
my product.
4.5.2 Marketing strategies
 Discount will be given to first 20 customers.

 Organizing of promos.
 Giving of gifts to customers at the end of the year.
4.5.3 Market Positioning
Honesty garri producing company will position itself as the leading market in garri marketing in
Ogun and it’s environ particularly Ilaro. The venture will create peculiar leading edge profile for
itself. Below is how the firm will be seen; as
1) A provider of the best quality garri
2) As a firm that is customer oriented providing clean and cost effective quality garri at an
awesome delivery system
3) As a trust worthy provider of consistently reliable sachet garri.
4.5.5 Our Competitive Advantage
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Our intention of starting cassava Cultivation is to ensure that we build a business that will be
amongst the top one well known processed garri brand globally and will be amongst the first top
five brands here in the Federal Republic of Nigeria. To achieve this huge vision, we have come up
with competitive strategies that will allow us compete favourably against our competitors.
We intend to process garri, which we know is more difficult to procure but which our clients will
prefer. We have therefore set plans in place to ensure that we are able to grow our own cassava so
as to fully achieve our vision. Our facility is not only one that is well equipped and fitted with
standard equipment but is also conducive and accessible to our employees.
All those who work for us come with vast experience and our management staff are those who are
not only highly experienced but understand how to build a business from scratch to becoming
a national phenomenon. We have a solid distribution network and an excellent customer service
culture that will be of great advantage to our business.
Finally, we have great welfare and incentive packages that will ensure that our employees are well
paid, and that those who work hard enough get incentives that is intended to boost their attitude.
4.6 Cassava Processing Business Plan – SALES AND MARKETING STRATEGY
 Sources of Income
HONESTY FARM INVESTMENT is established with the aim of generating revenue and
maximizing profit in the agro processing cum food industry here in Nigeria. To maximize this
profit, we are going to do all that we can to ensure that a large percentage of our target market
gets our products.
HONESTY FARM INVESTMENT will therefore generate income by selling the following products
and services;
 Sale of processed packaged gari flour to all our various clients

 Franchise
 Consultancy and Advisory Services
 Training
 Processing of Cassava by-products - In nearest Future
Sales Forecast
The use of processed garri have spread from commercial purposes to personal purpose, which
means there will always be a demand for processed gari daily.
Since cassava grow majorly in tropical regions, our location here in Abeokuta means that we are
well positioned to meet the demands of our target market all over Nigeria in not only generating
enough income but also making enough profit in the first year and breaking even in our second
to Sixth year.
Our optimism stems from the fact that we carried out critical examination of the agro processing
industry cum the food industry in order to analyse our chances and know how we were likely to
fare not only in this industry but from the environment where we are operating from. Data and
information that was used to forecast our sales projection were taken from similar start-ups such
as ours here in Abeokuta and all over Nigeria.
Below therefore are the sales projections for HONESTY FARM INVESTMENT and based on
several assumptions and data gotten from the market;
 FIRST Fiscal Year-: N2,000,000 – N5,000,000

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N.B: The above sales projections were carried out based on what we obtained from the industry
for the stated period. The assumptions used were that there won’t be an economic meltdown and
that we won’t have to battle with the arrival of a major competitor offering same services during
the stated period. Should there be any change whatsoever in the above assumptions used, it
would affect our sales projections and might cause an increase or decrease in the figures.
 Marketing and Sales Strategy
Marketing is a very important part of any start-up business as this section not only has to
understand what the target market wants but also know the right strategies that will be needed to
be applied on this target market in order to bring forth results – revenue. The revenue gotten
from marketing a business is what is being used to continue to run the business after the capital
must have been exhausted. Marketing therefore is very paramount to the growth of a business.
In view of this, we intend to first conduct a thorough market research that will allow us
understand our target market and what to expect from them. Also the market research will allow
us draft effective marketing strategies that will allow us have a huge share of the market and also
be able to compete favourably against our competitors, not only here in western side of Ogun but
all around the Federal Republic of Nigeria. We will also look for new target markets so as to gain
grounds and have a large share market in centre side of Abeokuta Nigeria
We intend to engage the services of a reputable marketing consultant who has experience in this
industry and environment to help draft effective marketing strategies that will allow us stand out
in the market place. We will also empower the marketing consultant to ensure that he or she
works with our marketing team to incorporate our corporate marketing and sales goal and help us
achieve our goals and objectives.
We intend to ensure that our marketing and sales team are not only empowered to monitor the
marketing strategies drafted but also review and remove the ones thought to be ineffective or
ones that will not fully achieve what we intend it to. Our marketing and sales team will also make
use of technology and other means in ensuring that our processed garri are marketed to our
target audience.
Therefore, the marketing and sales strategies that we intend to adopt at HONESTY FARM
INVESTMENT in selling and marketing our business are;
 Ensure that we introduce our garri processing business formally to high level and
corporate clients as well as other stakeholders in the industry
 Throw a unique party before declaring the business open, to generate interest amongst
our target market
 Place advertisements in local newspapers and food and lifestyle magazines as well as on
local radio and television stations
 Use our social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram to market and
sell our processed cassava tubers
 Ensure that we are listed in yellow pages as well as on online directories
 Engage in direct marketing to all our clients
4.7 Gari Processing Business Plan – Publicity and Advertising Strategy
Ensuring that a brand has constant and positive awareness is very important and all brands know
the essence of this, whether new or already established. Publicizing a brand is also a means of
advertising the brand to ensure that not only the target market are aware of the brand, but that
more people patronize the brand by either buying its products or paying for its services. Publicity
also ensures that the image of the brand is positively communicated as well as its corporate
values.
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In view of this, we intend to engage the services of a brand expert who not only understands the
business thoroughly but the environment we are operating from and what strategies would best
be applied that will allow more people to be attracted to us.
Also, the publicity strategies that would be proffered will be one that will allow us compete
favourably against our competitors – new or already existing. The platforms that we intend to use
therefore in promoting and advertising HONESTY FARM INVESTMENT;
 Create an interactive website and do all we can to publicize our processed cassava and
other by-products
 Place advertisements on local newspapers and lifestyle magazines as well as on radio and
television stations
 Place flexible banners in strategic locations in and around the environs of Abeokuta
 Distribute our handbills and fliers in target areas
 Use social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram to vigorously
promote our brand
 Participate in local community programs by sponsoring programs that would promote our
cassava processing business
4.8 Our Pricing Strategy
Setting the right price for our cassava and gari is very important especially as we intend to make
profit from our business. It is important therefore that we identify all the factors necessary so that
we would be able to offer fair prices to our customers whilst also not running at a loss as a
business ourselves. The factors that we will consider are what our overhead and running costs
are, what our competitors are offering and what the industry determines as fair without causing a
price war.
In order therefore for us to attract the number of customers that will allow our business to grow
as it should, we will be offering a discount on our processed cassava for the period of three
months. We have carried out a careful study of this period and have determined that even though
we will be running at a low gross margin for this period, we will not be incurring any loss
whatsoever for our business.
 Payment Options
Due to the all-inclusive payment plans we intend to adopt at HONESTY FARM INVESTMENT
that will accommodate all our different customers and their diverse preferences, we have carefully
studied several payment options and come up with the best.
Some of the payment options that we therefore will make available in every of outlets include;
 Payment via cash

 Payment via Point of Sale (POS) machine
 Payment via Credit Card
 Payment via online payment portal
 Payment via bank draft
In view of this, it should be noted that we carried out careful deliberations on each payment
option before adopting it. The above payment options will be advantageous to both our company
and our clients as well.
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5. MANAGEMENT TEAM
FARM MANAGER (1)
Job Duties and Tasks for: "Agricultural Crop Farm Manager"
QUALIFICATION: HND/BSC (AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE)
CASHIER/ACCOUNT (1)
QUALIFICATION: HND/BSC (ACCOUNTING)
STORE KEEPER/WAREHOUSE OFFICER
QUALIFICATION: ND (INVENTORY MANAGEMENT)
FARM ATTENDANT (3)
QULIFICATION: ND (ANY SCIENCE RELATED COURSE)
CLEANER (1)
QUALIFICATION: SSCE
SECURITY OFFICER (1)
QUALIFICATION: SSCE
Roles and Responsibilities
Chief Executive Officer
 Creates the vision and direction for the organization, communicates and ensures
that it is effectively implemented
 Drafts the overall budget and other important documents on behalf of the
organization
 Monitors and evaluates the direction of the business and removes policies that are
not regarded as effective
Human resources and Admin Manager
 Ensures that all the administrative functions of the organization flows smoothly
 Recruits and carries out orientation for new employees. Also trains and carries out
periodic assessment on the employees
 In charge of the overall welfare and incentive package of the employees
Purchasing Officer
 Responsible for procuring raw materials on behalf of the firm

 Sources for vendors and suppliers and ensures that they are reliable, and deals
with them on behalf of the organization
 Drafts and reviews the necessary purchasing contracts for the benefit of the
organization
Food Technologist
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 Responsible for ensuring the right preservation of the processed cashew nuts
before being packaged and sold to customers
 Ensures that due process is followed at all times during processing and packaging
of the cashew nuts
 Serves as the quality assurance officer on behalf of Honesty Farm Investment Plc
Marketing and Sales Team
 Conducts market research in order to discover new target markets on behalf of the
organization
 Responsible for drafting effective marketing strategies and also developing new
plans in order to expand and increase sales
 Helps increase sales or the organization by engaging in direct marketing and sales
Accountant/cashier
 Prepares financial statements, accounts, reports and budgets on behalf of the

organization
 Manages cash inflow and outflow and also administers payrolls
 Ensures that the organization complies with tax by preparing accurate tax
information and submitting to the tax authorities
Customer Service Executives
 Works on behalf of the company by taking orders from clients, answers inquiries
by passing along accurate information
 Maintains an accurate and updated customer database on behalf of the
organization
 Stays abreast of industry trends and also organizational policies so as to pass
accurate information to customers
Delivery Drivers
 Drives the company’s van to and from several sales location and ensures that all
orders are accurately delivered
 Supervises and assists the loading and offloading of products from the van
 Ensures that he obeys traffic regulations at all times and keeps a logbook of
distances travelled and routes taken
Store Manager
 Responsible for inventory and monitors to know when replenishment is needed

 Responsible for the security of the shop
 Carries out light repairs when necessary
Cleaner
 Responsible for cleaning the premises and convenience for employees and
customers
 Ensures that cleaning supplies don’t run out of stock
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 Carries out any other duties as might be assigned by the human resources and
admin manager
Values and norms of the company
 Workers are to resume work by 8.00 am Mondays to Saturday

 Lateness to work is highly prohibited
 Cleanliness is our priority
6. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS/PRODUCTION PLAN

6.1 OPERATIONAL PLAN
Introduction
Garri, a product gotten from the processing of cassava tubers is a very important staple food item
in Nigeria. It is one of the food items that defy socio-economic class, religious and ethnic
boundaries, It is doubtful if it is not eaten daily in one of every two homes in the country.
However in recent times due to the numerous products {Cassava Chip, Cassava pellets, Starch,}
that can gotten from Cassava tubers ,the production of garri in Nigeria has witnessed a reduction
in volume thereby prompting a shift in the demand-supply equilibrium in favour of garri
producers.
The supply gap has been identified to continue to expand as the population of the country which
is estimated to be 150 Million continues to grow at 3.5% per annum. Also the rural – urban drift
in the country would help to deepen the market for garri which is estimated at over N 28 billion
annually in Nigeria.
Garri is a creamy-white, granular flour with a slightly fermented flavour and a slightly sour taste
made from fermented, gelatinized fresh cassava tubers. Garri is widely known in Nigeria and
other West African countries. Garri constitutes a daily meal to some 150 million people
worldwide. It is a popular West African food. It is most widely eaten as Eba.
Eba is made by sprinkling garri into a bowl or pot of boiling water and stirred until dough of garri
is formed. You could add more water to the dough and stir to your desired texture. The finished
product is called eba.
Eba is served with vegetable soup and fish or meat. In combination, this constitutes a very
balanced diet.
Garri, a product gotten from the processing of cassava tubers is a very important staple food item
in Nigeria. It is one of the food items that defy socio-economic class, religious and ethnic
boundaries, It is doubtful if it is not eaten daily in one of every two homes in the country.
The annual national demand for garri is estimated at 1,000,000 tonnes while the national supply
estimate is about 250,000.
In recent times due to the other products {Cassava Starch and Flour} that can gotten from
Cassava tubers, the production of garri in Nigeria has witnessed a reduction in volume thereby
prompting a shift in the demand-supply equilibrium in favour of garri producers.
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The supply gap has been identified to continue to expand as the population of the country which
is estimated to be 165 Million continues to grow at 3.5% per annum. Also the rural – urban drift
in the country would help to deepen the market for garri which is estimated at over N 8 billion
annually in Nigeria.
6.2 PRODUCTION PROCESS
The basic processes involved in the production of Garri from cassava are:
1. Sorting: After harvest, some roots may be damaged or rotten. These are sorted to select the
wholesome roots for processing; only healthy roots (without rot or other damage) should be
processed.
2. Peeling and washing: Freshly harvested cassava roots are covered with soil and dirt and.
The roots are peeled to remove the outer brown skin and inner thick cream layer and washed to
remove stains and dirt. The water source should be checked regularly to ensure it is not dirty or
contaminated.
3. Grating: As part of the process to remove the cyanide and make the root safe to eat, the peeled
cassava are grated into a mash or pulp. Mechanized graters are needed to produce a sufficient
quantity of cassava mash to meet market demands and standards.
4. De- watering and fermenting: This completes the process of removing cyanide from the
cassava mash. The water content in the mash is reduced using hydraulic press. The bags are then
left to drain and ferment for a few days.
5. Granulating: The cake is mechanically reduced in size to produce fine granules of greater
surface area – known as grits.
6. Roasting: The grits are then roasted or fryed in a hot frying tray or pan to form the final dry
and crispy product. Gari is normally white or cream, but will be yellow when made from yellow
cassava roots or when fried with palm oil. It is important to make sure the taste and smell is
acceptable to local consumers. Yellow cassava roots and palm oil are rich in vitamin A and
therefore make nutritious gari. The roasted gari are spread on a raised platform in the open air to
cool and dry.
7. Sieving: The Gari is sieved to separate coarse particles, with a standard size sieve to produce
fine granules. A grinder is used to break the large granules into smaller ones. The
8. Packaging: The gari are weighed and then packed for marketing.
Pack desired quantities in polythene bags and/or sacks, seal or stitch as appropriate. Properly
label the packages according to the standards of national regulatory agencies.
Gari should be packaged in clean, insect- and moisture-proof materials that guarantee the
wholesomeness of the product and the retention of its nutritional, physical and sensory qualities.
The packaging should not impart any toxic substance or undesirable odor/flavor to the product.
This product could be packaged in polypropylene sacs lined with thin polythene material for bulk
sales, or in smaller bags (paper, polythene/polypropylene) as unit packages for retail market. The
unit packages could be arranged into secondary packages of cardboard boxes.
In labeling, the following information about the product should be provided:
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• The common name and/or brand name

• Name of the manufacturer or packer
• Batch or code number
• Net mass (in metric units)
• Date of manufacture
• Country of origin
• Expiry date
• Preparation, nutritional and storage information should be attached.
• Other information required by the national regulatory agencies.
9. Storing: Store in a cool, dry, well ventilated, insect and rodent free store/enclosure.
6.3 Machinery and Equipment
The major equipment for production of Gari are:
 Garifier,
 Grater,
 Hydraulic press,
 Granulator,
 Cone Blender,
 Vibro Sifter,
 Hammer mill with cyclone,
 Packaging Machine and
 weighing Machine
The major materials for production of Gari are:
 Raw material-Cassava roots

 Basins for washing and packing washed roots
 Clean washing water
 Clean stainless knives for peeling
 Clean sacks for fermenting cassava mash
 Sieve/sifter
 Fuel for toasting/roasting/Garifying; (fire wood, charcoal or cooking gas)
 Packaging materials for finished product
 Clean cloth or used sacks for washing
The cost of this equipment with capacity of 4 tonnes of Gari powder per day, including the cost of
installation, can be made on request.
6.4 Investment potential
Capital Requirement: The estimated total initial investment to kick start is ₦4, 615, 285.00.
This consist of the initial fixed capital ₦ 3, 964, 085.00 (including factory building, machinery
and equipment, office furniture and equipment and borehole), initial working capital
₦651,200.00 and production expenses ₦19,021,900.00
Space requirement: Two plot of land are adequate for the project
Production programme:
· Production Days/Week - 6
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· Production Weeks/Day - 50
· Production Days/Annum - 300
· Production Volume/Day - 4 Tonnes
· Production Volume/Annum -1200 Tonnes
· Input Output Ratio -1:0.20 or 5:1 or 20%
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a commonly produced tuber crop in Africa. It can be used as food,
as a cash crop, as feed for animals and as a source of industrial raw material. In sub-Saharan
Africa, cassava is mostly used for human consumption in various forms ranging from boiling the
fresh tuber to processing it into cassava flour. Cassava tubers are an important source of
carbohydrates, while the leaves, eaten as a vegetable, are a good source of protein and vitamins.
Challenges facing cassava production in Africa
Low productivity. Although cassava is an important crop with multiple uses, it does not receive
the much needed attention during its production. Farmers normally plant it on very poor soils,
where other crops like maize have failed. Sometimes cassava is grown as an insurance intercrop
with other nutrient-demanding crops like maize or sorghum, just in case the main crop fails.
Cassava is predominantly a crop for small-holder farmers, who basically grow for subsistence,
using rudimentary tools and operating on small and fragmented plots. Crop yields are further
reduced by infections by the cassava leaf mosaic disease, the cassava brown streak disease and the
cassava mealy bugs and scales.
High postharvest losses. Poor postharvest handling leads to uneven quality of the processed
cassava and results in contamination by fungi. Poor and inadequate facilities for milling and
storage; and poor access to roads, which are vital for adding value, further increase the
postharvest handling challenges.
Cassava remains easy to produce, adaptable to many environments, with minimal labour
requirements and less susceptible to pests and diseases. However, there is need to address
increased productivity, marketing opportunities and profitability of cassava production. The
following organic practices can contribute to achieving these goals.
Establishment of the cassava garden
In organic farming, crop management begins by giving the plants good growing conditions
through improving soil fertility, and healthy planting material. This allows the crop to grow
healthier, and produce higher yields.
Suitable varieties for organic production
Cassava varieties differ with regard to yield potential, flesh colour (white or yellow-fleshed),
diameter and length of the tubers, disease and pest resistance levels, time from planting to
harvest, cooking quality and taste. Some cultivars require 18 months or more from planting to
harvest, while others are ready to harvest in 9 months. Most cultivars have been selected by
farmers under their growing conditions based on yields and cultural tendencies. Each growing
region has its own special cultivars with farmers, often growing several different cultivars in the
field at the same time.
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Recommendations to farmers for selecting suitable cultivars
The best cassava varieties are those preferred by consumers. They grow fast, give good yields,
store well in the soil and are tolerant to major pests and diseases. The following criteria are useful
for selecting cassava varieties for organic production:
Good adaptation to local conditions. To adopt the right variety it is important to be aware of
the general growing conditions for cassava including length of the rainy season, prevalent
diseases, pests and weeds. Such information helps to determine what characteristics are needed
by each variety to perform well.
Varieties with high dry matter and good food quality. Cassava varieties with tubers with dry
matter content of more than 30% are said to produce good quality products and are more
profitable for processing.
Adaptability to different uses. The selected cassava variety should be adapted to multiple
uses such as food, animal feed or industrial processing. Varieties that are commonly preferred are
with tubers that are tasty for home consumption, can store well for processing purposes and
produce enough foliage for animals.
Ability to bulk early. Varieties that show early bulking, meaning the swelling of the root tubers,
are better able to compete with weeds, than late maturing varieties, and are suitable for drier
areas with short rains.
Ability to store well in the ground. Varieties that keep the tubers in good condition for a long
time after reaching maturity are preferred. Good ground storability leaves more time for
harvesting, thus reducing the duration of postharvest storage problems of fresh roots.
Resistance to local weeds, pests and diseases. Varieties that can tolerate the prevalent
diseases and pests in the area are most preferable.
Selection of an appropriate planting site
Cassava is drought tolerant, can grow on most soils, and gives some yields even on poor soils
where most other crops fail. However, high yields are obtained in areas with well-drained, loamy
soils, well-distributed annual rainfall of 1,000 to 1,500mm, and warm and moist climatic
conditions only. The best site for planting cassava is flat or gently sloping land. Steep slopes are
susceptible to erosion and are, therefore, not very suitable areas for growing cassava. Valleys and
depression areas are also not recommended because they are prone to water logging. Cassava is
sensitive to water logging and heavy soils do not allow the crop’s roots to proliferate and develop.
Land and seedbed preparation
In cassava cultivation, it is important to till the land to loosen up the soil, improve soil drainage
and make it easy for roots to develop. The level of tillage required for the cassava field mainly
depends on the soil type and the drainage at the selected site. In places with shallow soils or
poorly drained clayey soils, it is important to make mounds or ridges onto which the cassava is
planted, as it encourages better root development and yields. In sandy soils, only minimum tillage
is necessary and the cassava can be planted flat into the soil, as the soil is sufficiently loose to
allow root development.
Land types and recommended preparation
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Types of land Recommended preparation
Land previously under cultivation The objective is weed control and preparation of a seed bed.
If infested with stubborn weeds, e.g. Imperata (spear grass), use of herbicides is recommended. For
less weed-infested land, simply slash and till by hand, oxen or tractor. The minimum option is to slash
the vegetation.
Land under short The objective here is seed bed preparation and biomass management. For planted fallows (e.g.
natural or managed mucuna and pueraria cover crops, which are legumes) simply plough the cover crop biomass into
fallow the soil or retain as mulch on the soil surface to increase soil organic matter. Large, woody material
should be removed. The minimum option is to slash the vegetation, or spray with herbicide.
Land under long fallow The objective here is seed bed preparation and biomass management. With a longer fallow, more
woody debris that is hard to incorporate in the soil will be present. Cutting the vegetation and
selective controlled burning of woody material should be carried out. Remove tree stumps if tractor
tillage is foreseen; stumps can be retained if zero tillage or manual tillage are used. Avoid use of
bulldozers as they damage the top soil.
Mature secondary or The objective here is seed bed preparation and biomass management. Treat as for land under long
virgin forest fallow, but expect much more woody debris. Generally the use of virgin forest should be avoided as
much as possible.
Preparing good quality planting material
Cassava is propagated by planting pieces of the stem (stem cuttings). The development of cassava
and amount of yields depends on the quality of stem cuttings. There are several cassava pests and
diseases, which are stem-borne. Selecting healthy stem cuttings reduces the spread and damage
caused by pests and diseases.
Photo : Planting materials (A) The portion of cassava stem suitable for planting is between the upper and
lower points held. Where the stem is still green or leaves are, cuttings are not suitable as they may dry out
easily (photo: Stefan Hauser, IITA) (B) Reasonable length, 25–35 cm cassava cuttings with around 8 nodes
(photo: Stefan Hauser, IITA) (C) Reasonably sized cuttings of
2.5 to 3 cm diameter (photo: Stefan Hauser, IITA) (D) Correctly cut materials with minimal splintering and
chipping off of bark due to cutting with sharp tools (photo: Stefan Hauser, IITA) (E) Badly cut planting
materials with severe splintering and chipping off of the bark due to the use of blunt tools (photo: Stefan
Hauser, IITA)
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Soil tillage
Tillage involves all forms of moving and turning the soil: • Ploughing to 15-30 cm depth • Disc
harrowing to a depth of about 10 cm to produce friable topsoil • Ridging In general, root crops,
especially yam and cassava, are not amenable to zero tillage or other forms of conservation
agriculture. Under a mechanized system, the best option is to carry out any single or combination
of the above-listed tillage operations in order to achieve weed removal, biomass incorporation
and good establishment of the cassava cuttings, easier weed control later in the season, easier
harvesting and higher yields. However, handmade (hoe) mounds or ridges serve the same
purpose in a smallholder, non-mechanized system, which is more common. Selection of cassava
varieties for planting
There are many improved varieties of cassava which are adapted to various agro-ecological zones
and production purposes. Usually, farmers tend to know the varieties which are locally preferred
and available. In commercial cassava production, market requirements are a major consideration
in deciding the variety to plant. In both commercial and subsistence production it is
recommended that farmers should use disease-resistant varieties.
Farmers should be advised to check with local extension advisors for information on the common
prevalent diseases in the locality and the varieties that are resistant to these diseases. When
introducing new varieties, exposing farmers to demonstration plots and making them aware of
the potential commercial utilization of cassava can be an effective approach for kindling interest
in adoption of the varieties.
Recommendations to farmers in selecting good cassava stem cuttings
Select planting material from healthy growing, high-yielding, 8 and 18-month old cassava plants.
Healthy cassava plants have robust stems and branches, lush foliage, and minimal stem and leaf
damage caused by pests and diseases.
From each plant, select the middle, brown-skinned portion of stems as stem cuttings. The stems
should be 2 to 4cm thick. These parts sprout and ensure plant vigour better than the top green
stem portions. Stem cuttings taken from the top green portions or extreme top and bottom
portions of stems are unsuitable. They will dehydrate quickly, produce unhealthy sprouts, and are
easily damaged by pests and diseases.
Tie the stems in bundles and wait for at least 10 days before planting them. The harvested stems
can be stored for over 2 months in dry, well-ventilated, shaded areas away from direct sunlight
until it is time for planting. One simple method of storing stems consists of arranging them
vertically under a shady tree, with the oldest part of the stem buried in the soil. The soil should be
moist to keep the stems ‘alive’ as leaves will form on the upper part of the stems. After storage,
discard the top and basal parts of the stems, and use the middle part as cuttings. Another method,
mainly used under cold conditions, consists of storing the stems in underground tunnels, which
are protected from water. The stems are placed inside the tunnel on top of a layer of dry straw,
and then covered with another layer of straw and soil.
Replacement of failures
Under normal conditions, about 90% of all cassava cuttings planted sprout within 2 weeks of
planting. Cuttings that do not sprout should be removed and disposed of away from the cropping
area in order to prevent the transmission of any disease that may have caused the failure of the
cuttings.
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New healthy cuttings should be acquired and planted by the third week after the initial planting
in order to maintain the planned plant density. However, the new cuttings should not be planted
in exactly the same hole from which the failed cuttings were removed, to avoid the risk of
repetition of the original problem.
Drought conditions could cause a much higher failure rate. In such a situation, the farmer should
wait until rains resume before replacing failures.
If the higher failure rate is due to other factors, the extension worker should seek advice from the
nearest agricultural research station or some other accessible expert.
Weed control
Weeds can retard the growth and reduce the performance of cassava (Photo 8). A well-weeded
cassava farm can yield 30–40% more roots than a poorly weeded farm. Weed control forms a
significant part (30% - 50%) of the labour costs in cassava production.
The exact weeding frequency will depend on the type and severity of the local weed problem, but
in general:
It is important to start weed control 3–4 weeks after planting. This can be done at the same time
as the replacement of the failed cuttings (in week 3) in order to maximize the use of labour.
Weeding should be repeated in weeks 8 and 12, while the final weeding should be done between
20 and 24 weeks after planting, depending on the rainfall. During dry phases weeding may not be
required but it is always recommended to destroy weeds before dry phases and after the
resumption of rains.
Once the canopy of the cassava and of the intercrops (if any) has closed the shading will
effectively control most weed growth.
The overall total number of weeding cycles depends, in part, on the resilience of the weeds, and
this depends on agro-ecological conditions.
Weeding can be done manually (hoe and cutlass), mechanically (using a tractor) or chemically
(although there are no specifically prescribed herbicides for cassava). However, mechanical
weeding beyond the first 4 weeks after planting can damage the roots.
Therefore, manual or chemical weed control is preferred after this period.
Farmers should use their local knowledge to decide which weeded material should be left on the
plot or removed and discarded.
Generally, small broad-leaved weeds can be left on the field because they will die from the heat of
the sun and become mulch. Bulky weeds, weeds with rhizomes and weed species with the capacity
to form roots from stem pieces tend to re-sprout if cut and left on the soil surface, so the farmer
should uproot and dispose of these types of weeds away from the field.
Tall grasses should be uprooted and removed from the field before they lower in order to prevent
seed formation and germination, which will further propagate the weed species.
When cassava is intercropped with legumes this limits the choice of herbicides that can be used.
Expert assistance should be sought from local officials who can supply a list of suitable and legally
permitted herbicides. In some parts of Africa, chemical weed control services are offered by
trained mobile operators; if available, this might be a good option for farmers.
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Planting
To get the best sprouting and growth from cassava stem cuttings, the following considerations are
recommended:
Selection of suitable planting dates. Planting cassava early, at the beginning of the rainy season,
ensures healthy sprouting and good plant establishment. This enables the plant to withstand
attack by diseases and pests later in the season.
Preparation and handling of stem cuttings. When cutting up cassava stems into pieces for
planting, each cutting should be between 20 and 30cm long and have about 5 to 8 nodes, where
roots and shoots originate. The interval between cutting of the stems and planting into the ground
should be as short as possible to avoid dehydration and poor performance. Soaking the stem
cuttings before planting in warm water (50°C) by mixing equal volumes of boiling and cold water
for 10 minutes just before planting prevents stem-borne pest attacks.
Adopt suitable planting mode according to the type of soil. Cassava cuttings can be planted by
hand vertically, at an angle (inclined) or horizontally, depending on soil types. The drier the soil,
the bigger the part of stem placed in the soil. The vertical planting method is best suitable in
sandy soils and consists of planting the cuttings vertically with two-thirds of the length of the
cutting below the soil. Planting at an angle is most suitable in loamy soils and consists of planting
the stem cuttings vertically and with an angle ranging from slightly above horizontal to about 45°.
Horizontal planting is recommended for dry climates and consists of placing the entire stem
cutting horizontally in the soil at a depth of about 5 to 10cm. The spacing between the cassava
plants depends on several factors such as the variety used, the soil type, soil fertility and water
availability and on whether cassava is grown alone (mono crop) or with other crops (intercrop). If
cassava is grown alone, a distance of 1mt between the plants should be considered. If cassava is
grown as an intercrop, the distance between the crops should range from 1 to 4mt depending on
the branching habit of both the cassava and other crops to make sure there is enough space for
the plants.
Spacing
The currently recommended spacing is a square arrangement, 1 m x 1 m, i.e. one cassava plant per
square metre. This gives 10,000 plants per hectare. For varieties that grow upright without
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branching (as opposed to low and profusely branching varieties), a higher density of 1 m x 0.5 m
or 1 m x 0.75 m may be used. For multiplication of stems, rather than production of roots, a closer
spacing of 0.5 m x 0.5 m can be used.
Intercropping
Due to the fact that cassava has a slow initial development, intercropping during early crop
development is feasible, and helps reduce soil erosion. However, farmers should consider that
cassava is a poor competitor and can easily be shaded out by tall intercrops like maize. For this
reason, it is important to consider the branching habit of both the cassava and the other crops in
the intercropping system and make sure there is enough space for both crops. Furthermore,
cassava can suffer from nutrient and/or water competition from intercrops. Therefore, attention
must be given to the intercropping species that have different root systems and nutrient
requirements.
Farmers usually intercrop cassava in simple or complex mixed cropping systems with vegetables
such as amaranth and okra, plantation crops such as coconut, coffee, maize or legumes, and
pulses such as cowpea and groundnuts. The intercropping pattern depends on the environmental
conditions, food preferences and market conditions of the region.
Simple mixtures consist of the intercropping of only two crops, in which farmers select arable
crops on the basis of differences in growth habit and time of maturity. For example, cassava,
which is a long-duration crop with 9 to 18 months to maturity, is often intercropped with short-
duration crops with 2 to 5 months of maturity process, such as maize, cowpeas, groundnut, okra
and melon. These crops mature when the cassava is just attaining its maximum leaf area
development and thus is able to expand its root tubers without competition. In complex mixtures
consisting of three or four crops, good yields have been obtained with the following combinations:
Maize - Cassava - Melon
Maize - Groundnuts - Cassava
Maize - Cassava - Okra - Cowpea
Maize - Yam - Cassava
Maize - Beans - Cassava
Complex mixtures improve weed suppression, reduce soil temperature, retain soil moisture in the
topsoil, and produce more organic matter than single cropping or simple mixtures. Nutrient loss
from erosion in complex mixtures is less than in single cropping.
Spacing in cassava intercrops
The recommended optimal planting density in a cassava- maize intercrop is 10,000 cassava
plants (1 m x 1 m spacing) and 40,000–50,000 maize plants per hectare. Maize should be planted
at 20 cm linear spacing with one plant per stand.
Avoid clusters of several maize plants in the same stand. This arrangement is most likely to have
little or no detrimental effect on the cassava yield. The maize is sown in a single row between the
cassava rows.
Irrespective of the type of legume intercropped with cassava, the plant density of cassava should
remain at 10,000 per hectare.
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The spacing for the legumes varies with the type of legume used as intercrop:
For groundnuts, the recommended planting arrangement is to broadcast at 25 plants per square
metre. For soybean and cowpea, two rows can be planted between the rows of cassava, while for
pigeonpeas, which grow taller, a single row can be sown.
Experienced farmers know how to position the accompanying crops relative to the position of the
cassava; however, a minimum distance for those seeded in rows is recommended so weeding can
still be done along the rows.
Crop rotation
The continuous planting of cassava in the same field year after year leads to increased disease and
pest levels, reduced yields and crop failure. To avoid such development, organic farmers should
wait for at least 2 years before planting cassava on the same field again and develop a crop
rotation system. A rotation system generally improves soil fertility, reduces soil erosion and helps
to control diseases and pests. The suitable crop rotation depends on several factors such as the
climatic conditions, the market requirements and the skills and objectives of the farmer.
However, within a pattern of crop rotation, cassava is often grown in sub-Saharan Africa at the
end of the sequence, as it can still produce relatively well at lower fertility levels, where other
crops would not grow well.
This practice leads to lower cassava yields. It is important to establish a balanced crop rotation,
which maintains or improves soil fertility, and to give cassava a place in the rotation that
corresponds to farmer expectations. Cassava is a good crop to follow such crops as pumpkin,
squashes, maize, sorghum or improved fallow. A 3-season rotation example that can be used in
organic cassava production is maize-beans / cassava / groundnuts.
Reducing post-harvest losses
Post-harvest handling of organic cassava aims at maximizing tuber quality by minimizing any
damage or cuts on the tubers during harvesting and transportation of the tubers. Young leaves
and shoots of cassava are also harvested to be consumed as vegetables and may be as important
as tubers for generating income. However, excessive harvesting of the leaves can have a negative
effect on the yield of tubers.
Timely harvesting
Early-maturing cassava varieties are ready for harvesting at 7 months, while late-maturing
varieties are ready 12 months after planting. The proper stage for harvesting is when the leaves
turn yellow and fall down and the roots are mature. It is advisable to harvest cassava once it is
mature. If the tubers are left in the ground over long periods, they lose quality and become woody
due to hydrolysis of starch to sugars. Care should be taken to avoid damage to the tubers during
harvesting. Damaged roots are highly susceptible to fungal attacks and decay.
Harvesting cassava tubers is labor-intensive and done by hand. It is easy if the soil is sandy or
during the rainy season, but in heavier soils or during the dry season, harvesting usually requires
digging around the tubers to free them of the covering soil and then lifting/pulling the plant. The
day before harvest, the plants are normally ‘topped’; the stalks are cut off 40 to 60cm above
ground and piled at the side of the field. From this material, the stalks for the next planting are
selected. Excess soil is then scraped off from the tubers by hand. This should be done carefully so
as not to peel or damage the outer protective skin of the tubers.
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Transportation
The first thing to be done after the harvest is to transport the tubers from the production and
harvest field to the processing and utilization site. This is because fresh cassava is highly
perishable (within 2 to 3 days after harvesting). Transportation of cassava tubers should also be
done carefully to avoid bruising and dehydrating the cassava tubers, especially if it is meant for
fresh consumption.
Preservation
Since cassava roots can remain in the soil for up to 18 months after reaching maturity, the
simplest preservation technique is to delay the harvest until the crop is needed. However, this
method has the following disadvantages:
Cassava roots increasingly lose starch, the constituent defining its value.
They become fibrous and woody with prolonged in-ground storage.
The longer the roots remain in the ground, the longer they become exposed to insect,
disease, or rodent attacks.
 The land may be needed to plant other crops.
Freshly harvested tubers can be preserved by the following methods:
Cassava buried in straw-lined trenches and protected from seepage of ground water can hold for
periods of up to 12 months. A shade is needed around the trenches; therefore, it is better to put
several trenches under the same shade (roof).
Storage in tightly woven bags such as rice or cocoa sacks. With this technique, storage times of 7
to 10 days are achievable.
In a clamp storage system, a conical pile of 300 to 500kg of fresh cassava roots is seated on a
circular bed of straw and covered with more straw. The whole unit is covered with soil to a
thickness of 10 to 15cm, the soil being dug from around the clamp so as to form a drainage ditch.
With this storage system, minimal losses up to 20% may be expected for periods of up to 2
months.
Storage of tubers in wooden crates containing absorbent material such as damp sawdust.
However, if the sawdust is too moist, it may promote fungal growth and if it is too dry, the roots
deteriorate quickly. Lining the crates with perforated plastic prevents dehydration of the sawdust,
resulting in a storage period of about 1 to 2 months.
Cold storage by keeping the cassava tubers below 4°C. This system greatly reduces cassava
deterioration and may be practicable for high-value markets. Alternatively, roots, or more
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commonly pieces of root can be stored frozen. This is a satisfactory method to conserve the
tubers. It must be noted that, although the flavour is preserved, freezing changes the structure of
cassava tubers, making them spongier.
Other considerations include:
Farmers should have enough land to produce cassava beyond the household requirement
(commercial volumes), to be able to cover the extra costs of certification.
For successful marketing, farmers may need to work as group to increase production volumes
needed to justify the cost of certification.
Specific national or international organic standards may define additional requirements for
production and postharvest handling of cassava. Farmers should consult the national organic
movement or organic certification body operating within the region or country.
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Fig 6. PRODUCTION FLOW CHART OF GARI FROM CASSAVA TUBER
CASSAVA ROOTS
Peeling
Washing
Grating
Fermenting
Pressing
Cake breaking/Sifting
Garifying/Roasting/Toasting
GARI
Cooling
Sieving/Sifting
Packaging
Storing
Fig. 1 Process Flow Chart for Gari from Cassava roots
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6.5.1 CASSAVA PEALS
The cassava peals is a by-products that needs to be converted to another sources of income.
Cassava peals serve as feed meal for pigs, and a bag of dried cassava peals is 200 hundred naira.
6.5.2 Generating Funding/Startup Capital for Gari Business
HONESTY FARM Investment PLC is a business owned and run by Mr Momoh Innocent and his
immediate associate members. The capital sourcing are just three major sources.
Therefore the areas where we intend generating our start-up capital from are;
 Getting part of the capital from personal savings

 Sourcing for soft loans from family members
 Applying for loan from the bank
Gari Processing Business Plan – Sustainability and Expansion Strategy
We know how valuable how customers are to us because without them we will not be able to
generate the needed revenue that will not only sustain our business but allow us grow and expand
at the pace we want. Due to this we intend to give our customers’ utmost priority especially when
it comes to ensuring that accurate orders get to the right destination and that complaints if any
are handled as quickly as possible.
Customers want to know that a brand not only listens to them but acts also. We will also give out
incentives every once in a while to all our loyal customers and have loyalty discount programs in
place for those who refer us to others.
Finally, we intend to ensure that we retain a certain percentage of our earnings back into our
capital base. This will ensure that we have a sustained bottom line that will allow us run our
business and also expand it when we deem fit. These strategies we have listed will be enough to
boost and expand gari processing business.
7. MARKETING PLAN
There are no major garri processing company that package their garri in Abeokuta Ogun state,
hence reduced or no commendable competitor. Therefore, if Honesty Company commences
operation as planned, it will be a market leader in no distant time.
7.1 Promotion strategy
There will be awareness creation both on the radio and newspapers to attract people’s attention to
my product.
7.2 Marketing strategies
 Discount will be given to first 20 customers.
 Organizing of promos.
 Giving of gifts to customers at the end of the year.
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7.3 Market Positioning

Honesty garri producing company will position itself as the leading market in garri marketing in
Ogun and it’s environment particularly Abeokuta. The venture will create peculiar leading edge
profile for itself. Below is how the firm will be seen; as
1) A provider of the best quality garri
2) As a firm that is customer oriented providing clean and cost effective quality garri at an awesome
delivery system
3) As a trust worthy provider of consistently reliable sachet garri
8. EXAMINATION OF RISKS AND PROBLEMS

Challenges and Opportunities within the processed cassava and Value Chain
8.1 RISK ANALYSIS

The inherent risks were identified and appropriate measures generated to prevent the business
from being disrupted are shown in the table below:
Identified Risks Measures

Animal invasion Fencing of the farm
Competitors Quality products, services and incentives.
Fire outbreak Provision of fire extinguisher.
Initial low demand Advert and promos.
Labour Migration Care for employees and increment of salary
8.2 SWOT Analysis

A SWOT analysis carried out on the project reveals the following
Strengths
1) The location of the business makes it easier to reach the target market
2) The ability to enrich the crayfish nutritionally with Vitamin A
3) Packaging in processes makes it different and safe from contaminants convenient for use
4) Enough land already available to site the business (family land; a plot)
Weaknesses
1) Initial problem of raising adequate capital for the project anticipated
2) The proprietor has limited experience and expertise in the business
3) Transportation challenge
Opportunities
Currently, there is no sachet gari product in the market. Therefore, the introduction of sachet
crayfish enriched with Vitamin in the market will arouse the need for convenience which will
enhance patronage and hence a major advantage.
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Threats
There is still a campaign on the reduction in the consumption of such processed products due to
likely cancerous properties in such food items. This may discourage continuous patronage.
8.3 DISEASES AND PESTS
In many regions, the cassava plant is not normally affected by diseases or pests. However, in others
it may be attacked by the following:
Virus diseases. Mosaic, the brown streak and leaf curl of tobacco may attack leaves, stems and
branches. Many parts of Africa harbor these diseases and attempts are being made to select
resistant varieties.
1. Bacterial disease. Bacteria such as Phytomonas manihotis (in Brazil), Bacterium cassava (in
Africa) and Bacterium solanacearum (in Indonesia) may attack roots, stems or leaves of
cassava plants.
2. Mycoses. There are kinds which attack roots, stems, or leaves of cassava plants and cause
various diseases.
3. Insects. Some insects affect the plant directly (locusts, beetles and ants); others affect the
plant indirectly by the transfer of virus (aphids).
4. Animals. Rats, goats and wild pigs are probably the most troublesome; they feed on the
roots, especially in areas adjacent to forests.
8.4 TOXICITY
The toxic principle in cassava is hydrocyanic, or prussic, acid, found in the roots, branches and
leaves of the plant in both free and chemically bound forms. The plant contains a cyanogenetic
glucoside called phaseolunatin begins to break down upon harvest into hydrocyanic acid, acetone
and glucose by the action of the enzyme linase. The presence of hydrocyanic acid is easily
recognized by a bitter taste. At the harvest of cassava roots, the amount of the acid in the plant
varies from harmless to lethal - from a few milligrams to 250 milligrams or more per kilogram of
fresh root. Investigations show that the glucoside content in the cassava plant is markedly
increased by drought and by potassium deficiency.
Hydrolysis of the glucoside by the enzyme can be accelerated by soaking the roots in water, by
crushing or cutting them or by heating. It was found that the hydrocyanic acid content varied
little in different tubers of one plant but varied considerably in tubers obtained from different
locations. The distribution of the acid in roots varied in different varieties. In sweet varieties, the
major part of the acid is located in the skin and in the exterior cortical layer, while in bitter
varieties the acid is uniformly distributed in all parts of the roots.
In choosing a strain, the hydrocyanic acid content should be taken into account. Highly poisonous
strains are preferred for plantings with the object of starch manufacture, thereby minimizing
thefts by both animals and men.
9. FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC PLANS

9.1 BUSINESS EVALUATION OF FARM/FINANCE
 Start–Up Expenditure (Budget)
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When starting a gari processing business, there are certain aspects where one is expected to
spend the bulk of the generated capital on, and most of the bulk of this capital is usually used for
stuffs that are majorly under overhead expenses like renting a facility, procuring equipment and
getting a vehicle. Others may be running expenses such as paying the salaries of employees as
well as utility bills.
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Fig 9. The key areas where we will be spending our start-up capital on are; PHASE I
EXPENDITURE FORCAST
Fixed Running Year 1 Year 2
Items Cost QTY
capital Expenses Budget Budget
Ton of Cassava Tuber 25000 10 250000 12500000 12500000

Staff Salary 20000 7 140000 1680000 1680000
Grinding machine 400000 1 400000 400000
Sieving 350000 1 350000 350000
Pressing machine 120000 2 240000 240000
Frayer 100000 4 400000 400000
Land 250000 1 250000 250000
Generator 10KVA with
200000 1 200000 200000
Key
Fuel 130 40 5200 270400 270400
Packing bag 85 1 85 170000
Build 500000 1 500000 500000

shield/Processing area
Water 250000 1 250000 250000 250000
Logo 4000 1 4000 4000
Business feasibility
120000 1 120000 120000
study/Planning
Fire wood 1500 4 6000 187500 187500
Logistic (space bus
1500000 1 1500000 1500000
USED)
Total Cost 3840715 77 3964085 651200 19021900 14887900
TO KICK OFF 4615285 Is Needed
SALES FORCAST REVENUE IN A YEAR

Cassava Tuber in Ton Price per Bag
1 500 1 2000
Gari Granules in Bag 4 2000 11000 22000000
PROFIT FORCAST IN YEAR`S

1 2
Expected Profit 2978100 7112100
From the above break down, it is obvious that we need the sum of ₦4, 615, 285.00k in order to
start and run our Gari processing business successfully here in Abeokuta Nigeria. The bulk of the
sum will be going into purchase of equipment, land lease and others major requirement for start-
up.
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Economic analysis in cassava cultivation

Three tons of cassava tubers when ground and processed would produce one tone of gari. It
means that you have turned the tubers into consumables product and you have added value
(money) to it.
A module (Kongo) of gari is equivalent to 1.2Kilogrammes. But one tones of garri equals 833
kongos and a kongo of gari is sold between N150 and N160 in the market today. So multiplying
833 kongos in one ton of gari with the selling price (e.g. N150) gives a N124, 950. If you sell the
cassava tubers raw without processing it, you can make between N8, 000 and N10, 000 on a pick
up van loaded with the tubers.
Converting a pick-up van loaded with the tubers into gari will give you N65, 000. Assuming the
cost of processing the tubers into gari was N30, 000, the remaining amount is your total profit.
Note if one hectare can produce 39 tons which can produce ten ton of gari, if you multiply N124,
950 from one ton is ten places one hectare has made you instant millionaire this goes a long way
to shows that if you add value you will make more money.
Operations in the production of gari and the losses incurred at each

operation from an initial 100 kg of fresh unwashed roots
Operation Loss of material Residual MC %

Peeling and washing 27 kg peel 70
Grating 3 kg 70
Pressing/Fermentation 30 kg 96
Sieving 1 kg 50
Frying/drying 17 kg 8
Residual Gari 22 kg
9.2 Financial Viability and Bankability
Project Cost
The cassava cultivation starts bearing profit after one year but the income is sufficient to cover
the cost price. Hence, the cost of development up to eight months is capitalized. The project
cost estimated for five acre plantation and the details are presented in fig 9.
9.3 Loan Accessibility
Rice & Cassava Intervention Fund
 BOI is the designated fund manager of the N13.6billion rice and Cassava fund based on
the MOU executed by the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
(FMARD) and the Bank of Industry on October 23, 2014.
 The Fund which has defined hallmarks has to be utilized solely for the establishment of
ten (10) medium scale Rice Mills of about 36,000 metric tons of paddy per annum and
six (6) High Quality Cassava Flour Mills of about 18,000 metric tons of cassava tubers
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per annum capacity in identified locations across the nation, namely Kano, Kogi, Kebbi,
Zamfara, Bayelsa, Bauchi, Benue, Ogun and Anambra States for the Rice Mills and in
Ondo, Ogun, Abia, Delta, Nasarawa and Cross River States for the High Quality Cassava
Flour Mills.
The Fund which is close ended, is limited to only applicants who have met all the laid down
guidelines and recommended through competitive processes
TARGET MARKET
The Fund will be accessed by Limited Liability Companies, and Enterprises engaged in adding
value to the rice/cassava commodities through the setting up of milling facilities.
PROJECTED IMPACT
 Job creation and economic empowerment of the Nigerian populace.
 Foreign exchange savings for the nation.
 Boost in agricultural activities.
For more information, please click here
For further enquiry, click here
Click Here To Apply

9.4 Agricultural Credit
Development Financing | Activities | Agric Credit | Commodity

Surveillance | Microfinance | SMEEIS | Refinancing & Rediscounting
Scheme | Infrastructure Finance | Newsletter | Microfinance Advisory Board | Financial
Inclusion | Financial Literacy | Youth Entrepreneurship Development Programme
Agric. Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund | Agric. Credit Support Scheme

Claims Settlement Activities
Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund (ACGSF)
The ACGSF was established by Decree No. 20 of 1977, and started operations in April,
1978. Its original share capital and paid-up capital were N100 million and N85.6 million,
respectively. The Federal Government holds 60% and the Central Bank of Nigeria, 40% of
the shares. The capital base of the Scheme was increased to N3 billion in March, 2001.
The Fund guarantees credit facilities extended to farmers by banks up to 75% of the
amount in default net of any security realized. The Fund is managed by the Central Bank
of Nigeria, which handles the day-to-day operations of the Scheme. The
Guidelines stipulate the eligible enterprises for which guarantees could be issued under
the Scheme.
Between 1978 and 1989 when the government stipulated lending quotas for banks under
the Scheme, there was consistent increase in the lending portfolios of banks to
agriculture, but after the deregulation of the financial system, banks started shying away
by reducing their loans to the sector due to the perceived risk. In order to reverse the
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declining trend several innovations and products were introduced under the Scheme such
as:
 the Self-Help Group Linkage Banking,

 Trust Fund Model and
 Interest Draw Back .
Application forms under the Scheme are obtainable from various branches of
participating banks throughout the country. The various forms normally completed in the
operation of the Scheme by banks can be downloaded from the list below:
1. Application for credit facilities

2. Application for Guarantee
3. Application for Enhancement
4. Application for Extension
5. Notice of Default
6. Guarantee Claims; and
7. Annual Returns
Agricultural Credit Support Scheme (ACSS)
The ACSS is an initiative of the Federal Government and the Central Bank of Nigeria with
the active support and participation of the Bankers� Committee. The Scheme has a
prescribed fund of N50.0billion. ACSS was introduced to enable farmers exploit the
untapped potentials of Nigeria�s agricultural sector, reduce inflation, lower the cost of
agricultural production (i. e. food items), generate surplus for export, increase Nigeria�s
foreign earnings as well as diversify its revenue base. At national level, the scheme
operates through a Central Implementation Committee (CIC) while at the Federal Capital
Territory (FCT) and State levels, the Scheme operates through State Implementation
Committees (SICs) instituted to ensure that the objectives of the scheme is realized
without hindrance.
To access loans under ACSS, applicants (practicing farmers and agro-allied entrepreneurs
with means) are encouraged to approach their banks for loan through the respective state
chapters of farmers associations and State Implementation Committees. However, large
scale farmers are allowed under the scheme to apply directly to the banks in
accordance with the guidelines.
ACSS funds are disbursed to farmers and agro-allied entrepreneurs at a single-digit

interest rate of 8.0 percent. At the commencement of the project support, banks will
grant loans to qualified applicants at 14.0 per cent interest rate. Applicants who pay back
their facilities on schedule are to enjoy a rebate of 6.0 per cent, thus reducing the effective
rate of interest to be paid by farmers to 8.0 per cent.
The Implementation Guidelines will be determined administratively as soon as a decision

is taken on the proposed fund.
Commercial Agriculture Credit Scheme (CACS)
As part of its developmental role, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) in collaboration with
the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources (FMA&WR) established the
Commercial Agriculture Credit Scheme (CACS) in 2009 to provide finance for the
country�s agricultural value chain (production, processing, storage and marketing).
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Increased production arising from the intervention would moderate inflationary

pressures and assist the Bank to achieve its goal of price stability in the country. The
primary objectives of the Scheme are to:
1. Fast-track the development of the agricultural sector of the Nigerian economy by

providing credit facilities to large-scale commercial farmers at a single digit
interest rate;
2. Enhance national food security by increasing food supply and effecting lower
agricultural produce and products prices, thereby promoting low food inflation;
3. Reduce the cost of credit in agricultural production to enable farmers exploit the
untapped potentials of the sector; and
4. Increase output, generate employment, diversify Nigeria�s revenue base, raise the
level of foreign exchange earnings and provide input for manufacturing and
processing on a sustainable basis.
The Scheme which is a sub�component of the Federal Government of Nigeria�s

Commercial Agriculture Development Programme (CADP) is financed through a
N200billion Bond raised by the Debt Management Office (DMO). Loans to eligible
entities under the Scheme are disbursed at a maximum interest of 9 percent. The subsidy
arising from this stipulated rate and the market rate on all loans granted, and the
administrative expenses of the Scheme are borne by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN).
The Central Bank of Nigeria and the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Waters
Resources jointly ensure that the scheme is implemented successfully. This is achieved
through the Project Steering Committee (PSC) comprising the Honourable Minister of
Agriculture and Water Resources (Chairman), the Governor of the Central Bank of
Nigeria, Representatives of the Federal Ministry of Finance and Commercial Farmers,
respectively and the Programme Coordinator of the Commercial Agriculture
Development Programme. The day-to-day implementation of the Scheme is undertaken
by a Technical Implementation Committee (TIC) made up of the Director of Development
Finance Department, CBN as the Chairman, Head of Agricultural Credit Support
Division, CBN and a Consulting Group as members, and the Programme Coordinator of
the Commercial Agriculture Development Programme of the Federal Government as the
Secretary.
CACS is operated in two tranches of N100billion each. The 1st Phase of the tranche ran
from May to December, 2009, while the 2nd tranche commenced in February, 2010.
Detailed information on the operational modalities for the CACS are shown on
the Guidelines for Commercial Agricultural Credit Scheme while the performance of the
Scheme are indicated in the Monthly Report.
Click here tosee frequently asked questions on Development Finance
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Margin Money
The margin money / down payment prescribed are 5 %, 10 % and 15% for small, medium and
other farmers respectively. The rest of the cost of development will be provided as bank loan.
However, in the present model, 10 % of the unit cost i.e. Rs.8400/ha has been considered as
margin money.
Bank Loan
Bank loan of 85 - 95 % of the total cost of development shall be available from the financing
institution. Bank loan considered in the model is 90%.
Rate of interest
Banks are free to decide the rate of interest within the overall RBI guidelines issued from time
to time. However, the ultimate lending rate has been considered as 12 % for working out the
bankability of the model project.
Security
Banks are guided by RBI guidelines issued from time to time in this regard
Financial Analysis
Financial analysis was carried out for five acres of cassava cultivation. For financial analysis,
the income was assessed on a conservative basis. The productivity of a year old cassava tuber
is considered at 7kg. The detailed calculation of project’s income and expenditure has been
indicated in Annexure III.
Repayment period of loan

Based on the cash flow the detailed repayment schedule has been worked out and furnished in
the Annexure V. The repayment period works out to two years including three years grace
period for repayment of principal.
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Fig 10. TARGET SALES INCOME PRJECTION FOR GARI
SALES FORCAST REVENUE IN A YEAR

Cassava Tuber in Ton Price per Bag
1 500 1 2000
Gari Granules in Bag 4 2000 11000 22000000
Fig 11. PROFIT ANALYSIS
PROFIT FORCAST IN YEAR`S

1 2
Expected Profit 2978100 7112100
Fig 12 LOAN REPAYMNT SYSTEM PLAN FOR TWO YEARS
Loan Information Summary

Rate (per
Loan Amount 5,000,000.00 period) 0.750%
Annual Interest Total
Rate 9.00% Payments 5,482,169.07
Term of Loan
in Years 2 Total Interest 482,169.07
First Payment Est. Interest
Date 01/07/2020 Savings -
Payment
Frequency Monthly .
Compound
Period Monthly .
Payment Type End of Period
Rounding On
[42]
Monthly
Payment 228,423.71
Amortization Schedule
Due Payment Additional
No. Interest Principal Balance
Date Due Payment
5,000,000.00
1 7/1/20 228,423.71 37,500.00 190,923.71 4,809,076.29
2 8/1/20 228,423.71 36,068.07 192,355.64 4,616,720.65
3 9/1/20 228,423.71 34,625.40 193,798.31 4,422,922.34
4 10/1/20 228,423.71 33,171.92 195,251.79 4,227,670.55
5 11/1/20 228,423.71 31,707.53 196,716.18 4,030,954.37
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6 12/1/20 228,423.71 30,232.16 198,191.55 3,832,762.82
7 1/1/21 228,423.71 28,745.72 199,677.99 3,633,084.83
8 2/1/21 228,423.71 27,248.14 201,175.57 3,431,909.26
9 3/1/21 228,423.71 25,739.32 202,684.39 3,229,224.87
10 4/1/21 228,423.71 24,219.19 204,204.52 3,025,020.35
11 5/1/21 228,423.71 22,687.65 205,736.06 2,819,284.29
12 6/1/21 228,423.71 21,144.63 207,279.08 2,612,005.21
13 7/1/21 228,423.71 19,590.04 208,833.67 2,403,171.54
14 8/1/21 228,423.71 18,023.79 210,399.92 2,192,771.62
15 9/1/21 228,423.71 16,445.79 211,977.92 1,980,793.70
16 10/1/21 228,423.71 14,855.95 213,567.76 1,767,225.94
17 11/1/21 228,423.71 13,254.19 215,169.52 1,552,056.42
18 12/1/21 228,423.71 11,640.42 216,783.29 1,335,273.13
19 1/1/22 228,423.71 10,014.55 218,409.16 1,116,863.97
20 2/1/22 228,423.71 8,376.48 220,047.23 896,816.74
21 3/1/22 228,423.71 6,726.13 221,697.58 675,119.16
22 4/1/22 228,423.71 5,063.39 223,360.32 451,758.84
23 5/1/22 228,423.71 3,388.19 225,035.52 226,723.32
24 6/1/22 228,423.74 1,700.42 226,723.32 0.00
9.3 By-products –For future investment
9.3.1 Residual pulp

During the processing of cassava flour, the residual pulp which is separated from the starch in
the screening process is used as an animal feed. It is usually utilized wet (75-80 percent
moisture content) in the neighborhoods of the processing factory but is sometimes sun dried
before it is sold. This product is considered a by-product of the cassava starch industry and
represents about 10 percent by weight of the cassava roots.
9.3.2 Cassava Peels

During the processing of cassava flour, the residual cassava peel which is separated from the
tuber in the screening process is used as an animal feed. It is usually utilized wet (75-80
percent moisture content) in the neighborhoods of the processing factory but is sometimes
sun dried before it is sold. This product is considered a by-product of the cassava industry and
represents about 10 percent by weight of the cassava roots.
9.2 Exports opportunity
Export
Globally, only 15 per cent of total production of cassava is exported with Thailand being the
major exporter of cassava products. As earlier stated cassava and its derivatives were de-listed
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from the export prohibition lists since 1996 and any Nigerian can invest and export any
processed product(s). Its export is now encouraged among other food crops for which Nigeria
is a major producer by present administration.
In recent years, Nigeria has been consistently ranked as the world's greatest producer of
cassava. This root crop (manihot esculentus) grows abundantly on Nigeria soil. It is very
resistant to drought and survives in a variety of soils. Through research, many varieties of
cassava tubers are now available for cultivation.
Over 800 million people world-wide depend on cassava as a regular source of energy. Per
capital consumption in West Africa is more than 120kg per annum while that of Central Africa
Republic is more than 300kg per annum.
Nigeria alone produces over 10 million metric tons of cassava per annum. Unfortunately, most
of our farmers, businessmen, investors and industrialists are unaware of the investment
opportunities which the cassava industry offers.
Cassava tuber may be processed into a variety of products which are hot cakes in the export
market. These include chips, flakes, cubes, peeler, starch and flour, pellets, etc. Many
European and American countries, including: Germany, UK, France, the Netherlands among
others demand huge quantities of processed cassava products annually. In fact, the use of
cassava for compounding livestock feeds has gained wide acceptance in Latin America and
Asia. There is booming export market and the European Economic Community (EEC
Countries) import over 10 million metric tonnes per annum.
Apart from livestock feeds, processed cassava serves as industrial raw material for the
production of adhesives bakery products, dextrin, dextrose glucose, lactose and sucrose.
Dextrin is used as a binding agent in the paper and packing industry and adhesive in
cardboard, plywood and veneer binding.
Food and beverage industries use cassava products derivatives in the production of jelly
caramel and chewing gum, pharmaceutical and chemical industries also use cassava alcohol
(ethanol) in the production of cosmetics and drugs. The products also find ready use in the
manufacture of dry cell, textiles and school chalk etc. Cassava cubes are used mainly in the
compounding of livestock feeds. Thus there is a very high demand for cassava products in
both the local and export markets.
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Exportation Opportunities
The direction of cassava export is mainly Europe and North America with European Union
accounting for about 90 per cent of the total buyers. Details of the foreign buyers of industrial
starch, cassava chips & pellets and cassava flour would be given to prospective investors on
contacting the writer. About 30 per cent of cassava production globally is used for starches
and other industrial products and only less than one per cent is processed into ethanol
particularly in Brazil.
Export Types
Cassava for export includes dry cassava leaves, chips, pellets, cassava meal, flour and starch
and ethanol. All these products can be export. Detailed research reports and feasibility studies
report on establishment and running of any these aspects of the project are available and
would be given to prospective investors.
Legal, Environmental, Social and Regulatory Issues.

Legal Issues
The business is a sole proprietor and it will be registered under the cooperate affair
commission.
Environmental Issues
The business will not cause any hazard to the environment.
Social Issues
The business will provide employment opportunity to youths
Regulatory Issues
The business will abide by all the regulation of the cooperate affair commission and NAFDAC.
10. Conclusion
This study has proved that is more profitable and time manageable to process Gari
from cassava tuber purchased than cultivation. Is 100% a technically feasible,
financially viable and bankable activity in the areas identified suitable for it based on
agro-climatic conditions.
41

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Prepared By: Britech Plus+ Enterprises For: Honesty Farm Investment Limited

4, Victoria Shomorin Close

FEASIBILITY STUDY /BUSINESS PROPOSAL

GARI PROCESSING FROM CASSAVA AND

BRITECH PLUS+ ENTERPRISES

2. Aim and Objective………………………………………………………………………4

6. Technical Specifications/Production Plan…………………………………...14

8. Examination of Risks and Problems……………………………………………29

9. Financial and Economic Plans…………………………………………………….32

1.5 Disease and constraints

1.6 Economic potential of Cassava production

2. AIM & OBJECTIVE

2.1 OUR VISION STATEMENT

Our vision is to be the best in what we do for our customers

3.1 KEY SUCCESS FACTOR

The key success factors are:

2) The enrichment with vitamin A

3) The packaging of the product in sachet

3.2 STRATEGY AND IMPLEMENTATION SUMMARY OBJECTIVE

 To increase number of our client by 50% within 5 years of existence.

4.1 Market Trends

4.3 MAJOR COMPETITOR

4.4 CURRENT MARKET PRICE

Fig 1. Market price report for Cassava Tubers

Fig 2. Market price report for land Lease/Sales

04/06/2020 Land 1 plot

4.5 Cassava Processing Business Plan – MARKET ANALYSIS

4.5 SALES AND MARKETING STRATEGY

4.5.0 Marketing plan

4.5.1 Promotion strategy

4.5.2 Marketing strategies

 Discount will be given to first 20 customers.

4.5.3 Market Positioning

1) A provider of the best quality garri

3) As a trust worthy provider of consistently reliable sachet garri.

4.5.5 Our Competitive Advantage

4.6 Cassava Processing Business Plan – SALES AND MARKETING STRATEGY

 Sale of processed packaged gari flour to all our various clients

 FIRST Fiscal Year-: N2,000,000 – N5,000,000

 Marketing and Sales Strategy

4.7 Gari Processing Business Plan – Publicity and Advertising Strategy

4.8 Our Pricing Strategy

 Payment via cash

Job Duties and Tasks for: "Agricultural Crop Farm Manager"

QUALIFICATION: HND/BSC (AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE)

QUALIFICATION: HND/BSC (ACCOUNTING)

STORE KEEPER/WAREHOUSE OFFICER

QUALIFICATION: ND (INVENTORY MANAGEMENT)

FARM ATTENDANT (3)

QULIFICATION: ND (ANY SCIENCE RELATED COURSE)

SECURITY OFFICER (1)

Roles and Responsibilities

Chief Executive Officer

Human resources and Admin Manager

 Responsible for procuring raw materials on behalf of the firm

Marketing and Sales Team

 Prepares financial statements, accounts, reports and budgets on behalf of the

Customer Service Executives

 Responsible for inventory and monitors to know when replenishment is needed