Clarification and

Prefiltration

What You Will Learn

„ The major application opportunities for the

Clarification/Prefiltration product line
„ The key customer needs

„ The products in the Clarification/Prefiltration line

„ How they meet the customer needs
„ How they differ from each other
„ An understanding of the basic function of each filter
type

„ How to access support materials

1
 What You Won’t Learn

„ The specific filter for a given application

„ There are many customer specific factors to consider
„ We will learn selection and sizing techniques this
afternoon and tomorrow

Agenda

„ Application - Water
„ Key Customer Needs
„ How Clarigard and Polygard filters meet the needs

„ Application - Media
„ Key Customer Needs
„ How Milligard and Polysep II filters meet these needs

„ Application - Cell Harvest

„ Key Customer Needs
„ How Polygard DF, Millistak +, Millistak+ HC, Prostak,
meet those needs

2
 Clarification/Prefiltration Product Matrix

Chemical
Application Product Compatibility Re-Use Capacity Retention Yield Extractables
Water Clarigard H M L H n/a L
Polygard CR H M H L n/a L
Serum/Meida Milligard L L L H H L
Polysep II L L M H H M
Cell Harvest Polygard DF H L M M H L
Millistak+ L L M M M H
Millistak+ HC L L H H H H
Prostak MF H H H M H L
Pellicon MF M H H M H M

Application - Water

3
 Bottled Water Application
Potential water quality issues: What microfiltration needs to
retain:
„ Health risks
„ Pathogenic micro-organisms
„ Parasitic diseases
„ Cryptosporidium, Giardia,
„ Bacterial infections amoebas...

„ Pseudomonas, E. coli
„ Short shelf-life
„ Bad taste or odor „ Spoilage micro-organisms
„ Visual defects (deposit, haze) „ Algae, mold, yeast
„ Hard particles and colloids
„ Sand, silt, clay, carbon, organics

Bottling Process and Microfiltration

Challenges

SOURCE COARSE FINAL

SILO PREFILTER UV
WATER FILTER FILTER FILLER

Particle Particle Micro- Disinfection

removal removal organism with UV
Removal

„ Source water quality variations „ The process can alter water

„ Spring waters are low in quality
organics but can be high in „ Unsanitary piping design
plugging silicates „ Poor cleaning and sanitization
„ City waters (bottle rinsing) „ Biofilm growth
„ High in colloids and often need pre- „ Carbon towers (when used)
treatment to improve filtration costs
„ Harbor bioburden
„ Other factors „ Shed carbon fines
„ Season, weather, location

4
Application Key Characteristics

Key characteristics Filter Requirements

„ Retain a lot of various size particles Î Retention properties must

to prevent final filter plugging be wide enough to cover a
„ Fluid variability range of particle size

„ Extended use and low cost operation Î Robustness

„ Filters replaced every few months
Î Cleanability
„ Chemical compatibility

Î Low price per 10”

„ Operators with little level of Î Simple and easy-to-use

experience in filtration construction

Product Discussion

Polygard, Clarigard

5
 Polygards, Clarigards, Things Polypropylene
Water … Solvents and Chemicals

Chemical
Application Product Compatibility Re-Use Capacity Retention Yield Extractables
Water Clarigard H M M H n/a L
Polygard CR H M H L n/a L
Serum/Meida Milligard L L L H H L
Polysep II L L M H H M
Cell Harvest Polygard DF H L M M H L
Millistak+ L L M M M H
Millistak+ HC L L H H H H
Prostak MF H H H M H L
Pellicon MF M H H M H M

Polygard CR

„ Graded density depth matrix

„ Melt blown polypropylene, multi-layered
„ Tortuous path
„ Moderate/ high dirt holding capacity
„ Moderate retention efficiency
„ Widely compatible

Primary
Primary clarification
clarification –– water,
water, bulk
bulk chemicals
chemicals

6
 Clarigard
High Performance Polypropylene Filter

„ Graded density depth

media
„ Multiple grades
„ High retention efficiency
„ 99.99% 0.5 to 3 micron
hard particle retention
„ 99% bacterial retention
on 0.2, 0.3 micron
„ Widely compatible

Clarigard Media

„ Graded density melt blown polypropylene media

„ Fine fibers
„ Multiple layers
„ Larger OD
„ Enabled by removing the cage

Benefit: high retention efficiency and moderate

throughput capacity

7
Clarigard Vs Polygard CR
They’re different but each has a place

Clarigard Polygard CR
Cartridge Micron No. Layers Cartridge Micron No. Layers
D002 0.2 4 Vs Betapure
D003 0.3 6
D005 0.5 8
D010 1 7 CRK1 0.1 5
D030 3 7 CRK3 0.3 7
Vs Profile CRA5
CR01
0.5
1
5
4
CR03 3 4

Clarigard Differential Pressure Is Higher

Vs. CR Because Retention is Higher
10-inch Clarigard
Water Flow Rate Vs. Differential Pressure at 23 C. (minus housing)

30

25 CRK1
Differential Pressure (psid)

20

15

0.2 µm
10 0.3 and 0.5 µm
1.0 µm
5
3.0 µm

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Water Flow Rate (gpm)

8
 Polygard CN

„ Surface type filter

„ Pleated melt blown polypropylene, polypropylene
supports
„ Combines tortuous path and size exclusion
„ High throughput capacity
„ Moderately high retention efficiency
„ Widely compatible

Clarification
Clarificationor
or last
laststage
stageprefilter
prefilter––bulk
bulkchemicals
chemicals

Polygard CT

„ Depth matrix
„ Melt blown polypropylene, multi-layered
„ tortuous path
„ moderate dirt holding capacity
„ Low / moderate retention efficiency
„ Widely compatible

Coarse
Coarseprimary
primaryclarification
clarification–water,
–water,bulk
bulkchemicals
chemicals

9
Application -
Cell Culture Media

Cell Culture Media Application

„ Liquid media are introduced in a bioreactor to allow cell growth

„ Contain proteins, vitamins, growth factors etc...
„ Mixed and stored in a large vessel
„ Can be up to several thousand of liters
„ Filtration train before introduction into the bioreactor:
„ Prefiltration step to remove particle and colloids (A)
„ 0.1 or 0.22µm sterilizing-grade membrane filtration (B)

10
Two Media Types for Mammalian Cell
Cultures

„ Media containing serum

„ Serum = liquid portion of blood
„ Proteins, salts, attachment factors, hormones, etc...
„ 5 to 20% serum concentration
„ Chemically undefined media
„ Can bring animal viruses and mycoplasma
„ 0.1µm sterilizing-grade final filter is required

„ Media containing plant hydrolysates (ex: soy)

„ Protein source is plant instead of serum
„ Better defined formulation
„ Less process upset, easier FDA approval
„ No risk of virus or mycoplasma contamination
„ 0.22µm sterilizing-grade final filter is sufficient

Application Key Characteristics

Key characteristics Filter Requirements

„ Retain a lot of sub-micron Î High retention of sub-

particles micron particles
to prevent final filter
plugging Î Low pressure drop

„ High volumes filtered fast

„ Filtrate quality impacts cell Î Filter material

growth characteristics
„ Potential toxicity „ MEM elution testing
„ Proper amount of nutrients
required

11
Product Discussion

Milligard, PolysepII

Milligard, Polysep
Focused on Biologicals and Fermenter Feeds

Chemical
Application Product Compatibility Re-Use Capacity Retention Yield Extractables
Water Clarigard H M M H n/a L
Polygard CR H M H L n/a L
Serum/Meida Milligard L L L H H L
Polysep II L L M H H M
Cell Harvest Polygard DF H L M M H L
Millistak+ L L M M M H
Millistak+ HC L L H H H H
Prostak MF H H H M H L
Pellicon MF M H H M H M

12
 Milligard

„ Surface Filter
„ Cellulose esters, one or two layers depending
upon pore size and degree of retention polyester
supports
„ high retention efficiency, size exclusion
„ high dirt holding capacity, throughput
„ caking and blocking mechanism

Functions
Functionsas
asan
aneffective
effectivelast
laststage
stageprefilter
prefilter

Milligard Products

„ Five grades available

(nominally rated)
„ CW19 - 1.0 um
„ CW06 - 0.5 um
„ CW03 - 0.2 um
„ CWSC - 1.0 & 0.5 um
„ CWSS - 0.5 & 0.2 um

13
 Polysep II

„ depth matrix & surface media

„ borosilicate glass microfiber with cellulose ester
membrane like media, polyester supports
„ tortuous path & size exclusion
„ high dirt holding capacity
„ particle blocking, caking mechanism

Functions
Functionsas
asaaclarification
clarificationand
andlast
laststage
stageprefilter
prefilter

Polysep II Products

„ Three grades available

(nominally rated)
„ CGW9 - 1.2 um(AP20 /
RW19)
„ CGW6 - 0.5 um(AP15 /
RW06)
„ CGW3 - 0.2 um(AP15 /
RW03)

14
Application -
Cell Culture Harvest
An overview of CHO cell culture methods and
Millipore’s Clarification Technologies

15
 What you will learn

„ 3 Process challenges when developing a clarification

scheme:
„ Understanding fluid complexity of different types of cell culture
„ Understanding how to select optimal separation technology
„ Integrating clarification technologies to achieve the optimal
clarification scheme

„ Case Studies
„ Overview of how cell culture characteristics affect clarification
technology selection
„ Introduce Millipore clarification technologies and how they fit
into different clarification schemes

First Process Challenge:

Understanding Fluid Complexity
Cell Culture Fluid Constituents

„ Solids (> 1 µm) „ Soluble entities

„ Easily removed by depth entrapment or cake „ Protein
build-up
– Cell culture fluids
„ Cells and organisms (0.2 - 50 µm) – Lysates
„ Mammalian cells
– Plasma fractions
– Delicate, can lyse under „ Salts
stress and release plugging
– Buffers
materials
„ Preservatives
„ Others
– Ophthalmics
– Bacteria, yeast, insect, plant
„ Anti-foams
„ Colloids (0.01 - 1.0 µm) – Cell culture fluid
„ Deformable and “sticky” „ Plant hydrolysate& serum
„ Usually negatively charged
„ Plug downstream steps
– Cell culture media

16
First Process Challenge:
Understanding Fluid Complexity

Mab expression systems include Hybridoma, NS0 (murine),

CHO (main focus today)

„ Batch (3 days) „ Perfusion (>20 days)

„ Fill reactor with media and „ Fill reactor with media and
seed with cells seed with cells
„ Sparge to provide O2 and to „ Sparge to provide O2 and to
remove waste products remove waste products
„ Harvest after 3 days „ Continuously remove “spent”
media while adding new
„ Fed-Batch (7-15 days) media
„ Add media to reactor to much „ End batch when product
less than full capacity and expression significantly
seed with cells decreases or cells die off
„ Sparge to provide O2 while
slowly adding more media „ Variations of each exist
„ Harvest when reactor is full

First Process Challenge:

Understanding Fluid Complexity
Feed Characteristics

Culture Batch Fed-batch Perfusion

Type 3-7 days 7-15 days > 20 days
Low Medium High
Solids
<1% 2-3% >3%
Low Medium to high High
Cell Density 6 6 6
<3 x 10 cells/ml 5-15 x 10 cells/ml >10 x 10 cells/ml
High Medium to High Medium to Low
Cell Viability
>90% 20-90% <50%

Colloids Low Medium to High High

Low High Very High

Turbidity
<200 NTU >1000 NTU >>1000 NTU
Ease of
EASY MEDIUM DIFFICULT
Clarification

17
 First Process Challenge:
Understanding Fluid Complexity
High in solids
and colloids

Cell
Lysates

Perfusion
(>20 Day)

Fed Batch
(7-15 Day)

Batch
(3 Day
Harvest)

Cell Culture
Media

Low in solids
and colloids

Second Process Challenge:

Optimal Technology Selection
Primary Secondary
Clarification Clarification Polishing Sterilizing Filter
(particles, colloids) (bioburden, colloids)
(biomass, cell debris) (cell debris, particles)

More Difficult Clarification

Bioreactor
Solution Final Filtrate
PRODUCT Sterile PRODUCT
Bioburden Soluble entities
Particles
Colloids
Water
Soluble entities
Easy Clarification

Clarification Guarded Sterilizing Filter

(biomass and (bioburden and colloids)
particles)

18
 Second Process Challenge:
Optimal Technology Selection
What Technologies Are Available?

Separation Application
Benefits Limitations
Technology Scope

Simple scale up and

No filter re-use, High
implementation, Multiple media
Clarification,
NFF expendables, Limited by solid
Prefiltration options (Surface, depth,
load
charged)
Clarification, Efficient and robust process,
High capital cost, Difficult to
TFF Concentration, Can handle high solid loads,
operate/validate
Cell recovery Re-usable filters
Cheap operation, No
Mechanical Clarification High Capital cost, Source of
expendables, Robust, Re-
Separators Only yield loss, Difficult scaleablility
usable, Easy to clean

Second Process Challenge:

Optimal Technology Selection
Process Context Drives Choice of Technology
„ Fluid variability „ Process conditions
„ Controllable or uncontrollable? „ Time constraint
„ Technology has to match „ Cleaning and steaming
separation challenge operations
„ Chemical and thermal
„ Batch size and frequency compatibility

„ From a liter to 10,000 L

„ Capsule (<200 L), multi-round housing
(1,000 L) , or TFF system formats
(>2000-3000 L)
Once a year to continuous
„
„ Helps decide NFF (<10x/yr), TFF
Main Driver
(>10x/yr), or mechanical separators
(I.e. centrifuge or settler) For Selection

19
Second Process Challenge:
Mapping Optimal Technology Selection

Cell Density
TFF or centrifuge
High TFF
+ 1-stage charged
TFF or centrifuge depth filter
+ 2-stage charged
depth filter
Med Depth filter
1 or 2-stage
charged
Low TFF or centrifuge depth filter
+ 1-stage charged Surface filter
depth filter
Cell Viability

Low Med High

Third Process Challenge:

Optimizing Technology Integration
Integrating Multiple Technologies Will Achieve
The Optimal Clarification Scheme!

Pleated Depth High in

solids and
colloids

TFF
system
Tubular
Cartridges Charged depth
filters
lenticular stacks

Low in
solids and
colloids

20
 Scenario 1: Easy To Clarify Cell Culture

„ Cell Culture Specifications:

„ 3x106 cells/ml, <1% solids, 100% viability
„ 20 liter batches, production is 5 times a year

„ Drug is in pre-phase 1 toxicity testing, customer is not

interested in process optimization at this time

Scenario 1: Key Feed Characteristics

Key Characteristics Filtration Requirements

„ Pre Phase 1 drug with small „ Easy to use

batch size

„ Low Solids „ NFF a good option for primary

clarification

„ Low cell debris, particles and „ Not a big need for secondary
colloids due to high viability and polishing steps

„ Infrequent production „ Capital investment in a TFF

skid may not be warranted

21
 Scenario 1: Easy To Clarify Cell Culture
How do the characteristics affect clarification?

Primary Secondary
Clarification Clarification Polishing Sterilizing Filter
(particles, colloids) (bioburden, colloids)
Bioreactor (biomass, cell debris) (cell debris, particles)
Solution
PRODUCT
Bioburden
Particles
Colloids
Water
Soluble entities

Clarification may only be a 2 stage process!

Product Discussion -

Polygard DF

22
 NFF / TFF Clarification Technologies
Focused on Cell Harvest

Chemical
Application Product Compatibility Re-Use Capacity Retention Yield Extractables
Water Clarigard H M M H n/a L
Polygard CR H M H L n/a L
Serum/Meida Milligard L L L H H L
Polysep II L L M H H M
Cell Harvest Polygard DF H L M M H L
Millistak+ L L M M M H
Millistak+ HC L L H H H H
Prostak MF H H H M H L
Pellicon MF M H H M H M

Polygard DF
Single Grade Tailored to an Application

„ 5.0 micron
„ >99.99% retention
efficiency
„ Prefilter to 0.45 micron
membrane
„ Developed specifically for
removal of whole CHO
cells from Bioreactor
effluent

23
 Polygard DF Media

„ Graded density melt

blown polypropylene
media
„ DF05 - 5 density layers

Each media layer is optimized for whole cell removal

To avoid cell lysis,

Keep Delta P below 5 psid
Polygard DF Water FLow Rate at 23 C
10-inch Cartridge (average of 3 lots)

20

18

16

14
Differential Pressure (psid)

12

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Water Flow Rate (gpm)

24
 Scenario 2: Harder To Clarify Cell Culture

„ Cell Culture Specifications:

„ 6x106 cells/ml, 1.6% solids, 40% viability
„ 2000 l batches, production is 4 times a year

„ Customer currently uses a 3 stage Cuno charged depth

filtration train by Cuno and would like to qualify Millipore

Scenario 2: Key Feed Characteristics

Key Characteristics Filtration Requirements

„ Low-medium solids and „ NFF could be an option for

Low-medium batch volume primary clarification
„ Cell debris, particles and „ Secondary and polishing
colloids present due to low steps may be required
viability
„ Infrequent production „ Capital investment in a TFF
skid may not be warranted
due to infrequent use
„ Want to qualify equivalent „ Millipore technology must
technology to Cuno match Cuno’s

Main Driver

25
 Scenario 2: Harder To Clarify Cell Culture
How do the characteristics affect clarification?

Primary Secondary
Clarification Clarification Polishing Sterilizing Filter
(particles, colloids) (bioburden, colloids)
Bioreactor (biomass, cell debris) (cell debris, particles)
Solution
PRODUCT
Bioburden
Particles
Colloids
Water
Soluble entities

Clarification may need all 4 stages!

Product Discussion

Millistak +

26
 NFF / TFF Clarification Technologies
Focused on Cell Harvest

Chemical
Application Product Compatibility Re-Use Capacity Retention Yield Extractables
Water Clarigard H M M H n/a L
Polygard CR H M H L n/a L
Serum/Meida Milligard L L L H H L
Polysep II L L M H H M
Cell Harvest Polygard DF H L M M H L
Millistak+ L L M M M H
Millistak+ HC L L H H H H
Prostak MF H H H M H L
Pellicon MF M H H M H M

Millistak+ Adsorptive Depth Filters

„ Three adsorptive media

types
„ DE, CE, AC
„ Broad range of grades
„ Direct competitive
replacements
„ Primary and secondary
clarification

27
 Millistak+
Adsorptive Media in High Area Devices
„ DE = Cellulose and diatomaceous earth
„ CE = Cellulose only
„ Both have a net positive charge from the resin binder
„ High retention efficiency, solids loading capacity
„ AC = Cellulose and activated carbon
„ Trace organics removal

Millistak+ Micron Ratings

28
 Scenario 3: Difficult To Clarify Cell Culture

„ Cell Culture Specifications:

„ 10x106 cells/ml, 2.3% solids, 60% viability
„ 10,000 l batches, production is 50 times a year

„ Customer would like to investigate centrifuges and TFF

for primary clarification
„ Process development will be 2 pronged
„ TFF downstream testing
„ Centrifuge downstream testing

Scenario 3: Key Feed Characteristics

Key Characteristics Filtration Requirements

„ Medium solids and large batch „ NFF for primary clarification not an
volume option due to high expendables
cost and increased labor

„ High cell debris, particles and „ Definite need for robust secondary
colloids present due to high and polishing steps before sterile
cell density and low viability filter
„ especially if centrifuge is used

„ Very frequent production „ Capital investment in a TFF skid

or centrifuge may be warranted
due to frequent use

29
 Scenario 3: Difficult To Clarify Cell Culture
How do the characteristics affect clarification?

Primary Secondary
Clarification Clarification Polishing Sterilizing Filter
(particles, colloids) (bioburden, colloids)
Bioreactor (biomass, cell debris) (cell debris, particles)
Solution
PRODUCT
Bioburden
Particles
Colloids
Water
Soluble entities

Clarification may require all 4 stages!

TFF a good option for Primary Clarification!

Product Discussion

Millistak+ HC, Prostak

30
 Millistak+ HC Family

„ Scalable products
„ Secondary clarification /
prefiltration

„ Cell Culture Process

Development Kit

Millistak+ Micron Ratings

31
 What’s Inside Millistak+ HC
Different Types / Different Cell Culture Fluids

Open DE Grade
Tighter DE Grade
„ Prostak permeate: A1HC
„ 60DE + 75DE + RW01
„ 0.5um / 0.1um / 0.1um

„ Centrate: B1HC
„ 50DE + 75 DE + RW01
„ 0.7um / 0.1um / 0.1um

„ Perfusion Bioreactor fluid :

C0HC
„ 30DE + 60DE
„ 2.5um / 0.5um

CellulosicMembraneFlow Millistak+ um ratings are upper end of

membraneSupport Distributor

RW01 Makes a Difference

„ Acts as a final barrier to Poor flow distribution

protect sterilizing grade
membrane
„ Allows removal of Multimedia
Durapore step

„ Contributes a modest
hydraulic resistance
„ Significantly improves feed flow
distribution
„ Allows full utilization of media
throughout stacks within large HC flow distributio
housings

No one else combines a membrane within a

depth media stack

32
Millistak+ HC = Process Improvement
Saves Money and Floor Space

„ 20%-50% lower operating cost

„ Savings: yield, labor, depth and sterile filter costs ,WFI usage

Process Compression
The Customer Benefit Plain And Simple

33
Millistak+ HC Stacks
New, Improved Stack Design

„ 8 cell 16” diameter

„ Reduced wet weight for
operators (40 lbs)
„ 1.8 m2 (19.4ft2)
„ New edge seal material
„ Elastomeric
polypropylene
„ Reduces distortion during
steaming and use
„ Assures stack seals in
housings
Oh, look! No gaps between s

A World Wide Housing Design

„ Based on the 2001

European design
„ Modified to accommodate
HC (taller domes)
„ CE Marked, Designed to
meet ASME Code
„ Incorporates new post
and seal design

34
 A Unique Stack Compression Tool
Positive Sealing Every time

„ Assure proper stack compression

„ Eliminates threaded post section
„ Eliminates cut o-ring on stack follower
„ Eliminates galling of compression nut to post

Clarification with TFF Microfiltration

„ An effective method of separating suspended

solids and colloids from liquids
„ Function:
„ reduce the amount of particulate prior to purification and concentration
steps
„ concentrate cells for harvest

Cross
Crossflow
flowaction
actionprevents
preventslarger
largerretained
retainedcells
cellsand
andmolecules
moleculesfrom
from
plugging the membrane by gently keeping them in suspension
plugging the membrane by gently keeping them in suspension

35
 Types of Millipore TFF
Clarification Devices

„ Prostak MF
„ stacked plate device

„ open channel module

„ Pellicon MF
„ cassette style TFF device

„ screen options for optimal flow path

Prostak MF Characteristics

„ Microporous Durapore PVDF membrane

„ 0.1um, 0.22 um, 0.45 um, 0.65 um

„ Polysulfone plates
„ Channel height ~ 21 mils (0.5 mm)

„ Scalable stack options

„ 2 ft2, 4 ft2, 10 ft2, 20 ft2
„ Thermoplastic construction

36
 Prostak MF
Design Benefits

„ Open channel design „ High recovery

„ Gentle processing
„ High viscosity / high
particulate capability
„ Reliable
„ Thermoplastic module
„ Integrity assured
„ SIP
„ Containment of hazardous
fluids

Benefit of Prostak MF in
Cell Clarification

„ Fast, reproducible separations and intracellular

and extracellular products
„ No high temperature
„ No dilution
„ No phase or chemical changes

„ High cell recoveries

„ Cell viability typically approaching 98%

37
Customers Needs / Certified Specs
example: Prostak MF

Customer Need Prostak MF Cert. Specs.

„ multiple steam cycles „ 20 X at 126C
„ USP oxidizables claim „ negative after RO flush
„ integrity assurance „ 100% tested in Manufacturing

Pellicon MF Characteristics

„ Microporous Durapore PVDF membrane

„ 0.1um, 0.22 um, 0.45 um, 0.65 um

„ Polypropylene screens
„ C screen, V channel

„ Scalable cassette options

„ 0.1 m2, .05 m2, 2.5 m2

„ Polyurethane adhesive construction

38
 Pellicon MF
Design Benefits

„ Low shear
„ Compact Installation
„ Low dead-volume
For maximum product recovery and yield

„ Scalable (XL, mini, cassette)

„ Fast, low risk, reliable scale-up
From lab to pilot-plant
„ Scale down from manufacturing process to do trouble
shooting, validation studies or to esamine how changes may
affect your production-scale system

Microporous TFF Positioning

Prostak MF Pellicon MF
„ Durapore membrane „ Durapore membrane
„ More open channel „ V channel provides better
shear
„ Steamable
„ Lower hold-up volume
„ Scale-up/scale-down
device

39
 Microporous TFF vs. Centrifuge

„ Microporous TFF
„ provides better yield and purity than centrifuges
„ enclosed system
„ requires no handling of solids or pastes

„ Centrifuge
„ steamable
„ highest caustic and temperature resistance

Wrap-Up

„ Clarification/Prefiltration includes a lot of products

and technologies
„ Confidence with the product line will come with
time and experience

40