Proofs PDF

Thin Flow (Couette! Consider steady, incompressible, laminar flow of a Newtonian fluid in an infinitely long round pipe of diameter D or radius R = Di2 (Fig. 9-71). We ignore the effects of gravity. A constant pressure gradient aP/ax is applied in the x-direction, Pr 2 a ap Applied pressure gradient: = where x, and x, are two arbitrary locations along the x-axis, and P, and P, are the pressures at those two locations. Note that we adopt a modified cylindrical coordinate system here with x instead of z for the axial component, namely, (r, 8, x) and (U,, Up, U). Derive an expression for the velocity field’ inside the pipe and estimate the viscous shear force per unit surface area acting on the pipe wall. a yo "i ' | hi Fluid: p, ‘ i Fixed plate... x j Assumpbers: 1 Plates eve infinite in ac arch & 2. Steady Flow 3. Raraile\ Flew (Xg}e) 4 lncomptessiole ind Newtoman fiud (loratrar) 6 Rrecsute—corctaht with respect te Se e Nelecity fiekl=> 2d [wo cnet & ony velocity component 1s 2610] Je-gk or[gx=gy=0 ard ge- -9] © Set up the problem and the geowetry ® Pesumptions ard courcary coreitions (ro shp) at bottom plate Ly-o) Weve wo * at top plate (y=h) UENV , VeO , Weo ) 3) Simplify differential Equations ¥ continuity Equation BE aE Hao | oe (# 7O =? UF ly)HX Mementuny Equert1on plas Biv ed) - Be pes wie 22% centeuty Aceurpiars 2 certty 3 5 Fiyct pales 16 Pk excelerolirg ae 7 => P- PL) > Bre: 9 {" component of center ae 5 az 7 ® Solve the Equations op) Integrate Lvaice us uty) ond P= UsCyic, ord Po -pyetcs © Apply tourdary cordon von os then Caz Po => P~ Po - PO® >for incompressible Flow fiekls Prescure does ret contribute te Ane Coren 1: Us Cyl) ACn=0 29 C20 og yo aN Contin 2: = Cidh)sorve> Qe © Venfy ve results 2 ' ra m(3p8x (at, aye) Oe we 2 Ys { w(3k+35) 2135) (Bean) | Ay (Sha am ay (See pl aL) anle) Shear force per unit areq acting on the wall F V. wat i Ht) crobes, dyromnie of the flow Field O wy ° without Free Surfaces hydrostatic X an) oO 0 °o.°0Flow in Pipes (Poiseuille) Consider steady, incompressible, laminar flow of a Newtonian fluid in an infinitely long round pipe of diameter D or radius R = D/2 (Fig. 9-71). We ignore the effects of gravity. A constant pressure gradient aP1@x is applied in the x-direction, P,~ P, Applied pressure gradient: “ = Spa 7 constant a where x, and x, are two arbitrary locations along the x-axis, and P, and P, are the pressures at those two locations. Note that we adopt a modified cylindrical coordinate system here with x instead of z for the axial component, namely, (r, @, x) and (u,, Up, u). Derive an expression for the velocity field inside the pipe and estimate the viscous shear force per unit surface area acting on the pipe wall. ® Loy out ve problen are the ceometry @® Ust assermplors ore boundary cord ions © Ascumptiors 1. The pipe 1S infinity log in the t-drection Steady Flow Ravallel Fiow Cu =©) ard Nentonian Put 16 applied in the a-ewecton 2 3 1d, larwrar Flow 4. (ncompessible S. conetant Pressure Qrochent G. Velocity Field 1S antyinvetnie wth ro onitl tere & paral enwtives with resped te @ are zero 7 Igrore effects oF gavity % Bourcayy conditions 1 TER, Veo Cro-sip condition) 2 tro, Meo @ Wore out and simphfy differential ecpetLions # Continuky Eqyuettien 2 ou fp ded, abies Bo 4 BE -o reuemption 3 omrriten 6 => veld)Momentary Equation pe sw Be 4 Mah UB) Bo ai (F RR) «BY ceompon 28 6 axtmoly P+ PIX) ® Sore the cifferential equations gu ae 6 integrate) AL (ge). LSE Ler tren mes op ‘ Layee £5 oa (46, integrate) > dP ld ae FO a cuhhr ace © Apply bourdary concltens Bounckny condition 2 awe >c12d RP 2 oP Bourdary condition | US ag a AP yoacas0 => 2 - a0 Ge 1 oa ge © Ue an eR) Nenify results Sethirg t=0 =? Uvex = - Re ge Ne Re urd de = it sat [Mon gre = _ a Rt dP ee de Neg «Le CB) #) RAP a rR EE ae © 0 we The [we Ge ‘)) 0 6 =) Tea ee Xen peo 8 BoP \iScous shear sties cll Ue pipe val? Nees WOT ® ce Niscas Sheat fore per amit area acting on the wall = F_ Ra; A) 2 cleFalling Down Walls Consider steady, incompressible, parallel, laminar flow of a film of oil falling slowly down an infinite vertical wall (Fig. 9-68). The oil film thickness is h, and gravity acts in the negative z-direction (downward in Fig. 9-68). There is no applied (forced) pressure driving the flow—the oil falls by gravity alone. Calculate the velocity and pressure fields in the oil film and sketch the nor- malized velocity profile. You may neglect changes in the hydrostatic pressure of the surrounding air. © Set up the proplee ard geometry @ List ecournptes ard hourdary comitions X Resunaptions [The wall ts infinste i the yz plone 2. Steady Flow “a 3. Parallel Flow Lure) 4. lernwar Flow , 'necenprenibie € Alewtonen Fud 5. P= Pam ceenstentor Free surface G. Veloaty fields 20-7 vec , parva dervatives 4 . with respect © Y7O % Bourdary CoretitionS. . 1 x20 ,W= v= We 0 (r0-Sl9) 1 9--gk 2, Bap at x-h UCHLIONS, ® White cut ard sepnly the cifferervell €¢) % Continuity Eaucton ae Be ccsurypten y sueypten ntum ction . ; . . “Grup ee) ah ex en(Be 3h 9B)- acu 2 a exsungamse corte o => We wh) cement cps np, 8 @® Sone the dfferental equaors £3 4 2 ow S 2 (integente twice) > We gay # EAC © Aoply boundary endters te Weo4o ACL =O => C20 OP, J 2. gw). Byaciror cy [we Fm BOT (x. 2h) -» we (-) everywhere P= Pay everywrere Since aeh =Annular Flow Consider steady, incompressible, laminar flow of a Newtonian fluid in an infinitely long round pipe annulus of inner radius R; and outer radius Ry shown below. Ignore the effects of gravity. A constant negative pressure gradient 2 is applied in the x-direction, 4 Xa are two arbitrary locations along the axis, and Py and P, are the pressures at those two locations. The pressure gradient may be caused by a pump and/or gravity. Note that we adopt ‘8 modified cylindrical coordinate system here with x instead of z for the axial component, namely, (F,1,x) and (ty, tg, tt). Derive an expression for the velocity field in the annular space in the pipe. Our Sumnptiens I Neglect. gravity effects 2. Fully developed fier 2p assumption =e} <0 =>ul )=0 3, ws constant 4. No - slip conditions UR) <0 Re) 5. Steady Flow $2 =o i - NT aaron) Sa * Continuity Equatiery IN = OUT du Fim =p Aur *Plevrar)ua roan = P (200ar) Uns Mim = Mut 2ptrar Ula = 2pmrar Ulawe Ub + Uleaec. gt I flere] : Pla(darar)4 Mae. (drexr) - Pleat or = Please Hrar =r ax ue - H(rsar) wSE 2m (rau) Ge pee) Grr) Placan(Z7r8") a Ve sag Pt Over Jax) Fe Use AC —raP du du FB (DI 2S, dr \! dr ) —aP te( du pax > T oe cor 1d nu AP. ae er Sk ( st : - frac Bourclary conchtion ©! ULei)-0 Wo: Thrice vey au. trac Pap =- aT Boundary cercition @: U (Re) =o ee Uro2s ford ac fp Rerce \u A Jae Ira Jz 17 (Re?-R?) AP Taping ds ue “2 E a alert, nln Ca ae ~ tara c frac. Gain ge Ox betituting ~AB, into 1 Soluing for cr and G, end Sul 9 “asx Re fnde - Relads 1. => Wear ) < Re. ne

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