Section 4.3: Solving Friction answer to part (b) would change.

Look at this FBD

of the larger trunk.
Problems
Tutorial 1 Practice, page 174
1. (a) Given: mT = 52 kg + 34 kg = 86 kg;
µS = 0.35
Required: FSmax
FSmax
Analysis: µS =
FN
Solution:
FSmax = µS FN
= µS mg When the direction of the pushing force is in the
= (0.35)(86 kg)(9.8 m/s 2 ) opposite direction, the force exerted by the larger
FSmax = 290 N trunk on the smaller trunk will still be to the right.
According to the FBD of the larger trunk above,
Statement: The magnitude of the maximum force the force that the smaller trunk exerts on the larger
the person can exert without moving either trunk is trunk is:
290 N. FSmax = µS FN
(b) Draw a FBD of the smaller trunk.
= µS mg
= (0.35)(52 kg)(9.8 m/s 2 )
= +180 N
FSmax = 180 N [right]
So, the force that the larger trunk exerts on the
smaller trunk is 180 N [right].
2. Given: m1 = 4.0 kg; m2 = 1.8 kg
Required: µS
Analysis: The tension is the same throughout the
Given: m = 34 kg; µS = 0.35 string. First calculate the tension using the
! equation FT = m 2 g for the hanging object. As the
Required: FL on S
wooden block is stationary, the tension and the
Analysis: Since the smaller trunk does not move,
static friction will cancel. So FT equals FSmax . Then
the magnitude of the force that the larger trunk
exerts on the smaller trunk equals the magnitude of FSmax
use the equation µS = to calculate µS.
the static friction acting on the smaller trunk. Use FN
FSmax Solution:
the equation µS = to calculate FSmax . Choose
FN FT = m2 g
right as positive. So left is negative. = (1.8 kg)(9.8 m/s 2 )
Solution: FT = 17.64 N (two extra digits carried)
FSmax = µS FN
= µS mg FSmax
µS =
= (0.35)(34 kg)(9.8 m/s ) 2
FN
= +120 N F
! = T
FSmax = 120 N [right] m1 g
Statement: The force that the larger trunk exerts 17.64 N
=
on the smaller trunk is 120 N [right]. (4.0 kg)(9.8 m/s 2 )
(c) Since we can combine the two trunks and treat µS = 0.45
them as one single object, when the person pushed Statement: The coefficient of static friction
in the opposite direction on the smaller trunk, the between the wooden block and the table is 0.45.
answer to part (a) remains the same. However, the

Copyright  2011 Nelson Education Ltd. Chapter 4: Applications of Forces 4.3-1

Tutorial 2 Practice, page 175 2. Draw a free body diagram of the off-ice person.
1. (a) Given: m = 59 kg; µS = 0.52
Required: a
Analysis: First calculate the maximum force of
static friction using FSmax = µS FN . When the person
starts to run, Fnet = FSmax . Then use Fnet = ma to
calculate the acceleration.
Solution:
FSmax = µS FN
= µS mg
= (0.52)(59 kg)(9.8 m/s 2 ) As the off-ice person overcomes the force of static
friction in order to move ahead, the tension in the
FSmax = 300 N
rope equals in magnitude to the static friction
acting on the person.
Calculate the magnitude of the acceleration. Given: m1 = 78 kg; µS = 0.65; m2 = 58 kg
Fnet = FSmax Required: a
ma = 300 N Analysis: First calculate the tension in the rope
(59 kg)a = 300 N using FT = FSmax = µS FN . When the skater starts to
a = 5.1 m/s 2 accelerate, Fnet = FT . Then use Fnet = m2 a to
Statement: The maximum possible initial calculate the acceleration.
acceleration of the person wearing dress shoes is Solution:
5.1 m/s2 [forwards]. FT = FSmax
(b) When we substitute FSmax = µS FN into the = µS m1 g
equation Fnet = FSmax and simplify, the mass of the = (0.65)(78 kg)(9.8 m/s 2 )
person cancels out. FT = 497 N (one extra digit carried)
Fnet = FSmax
ma = µS FN Calculate the magnitude of the acceleration.
ma = µS mg Fnet = FT
a = µS g m 2 a = 497 N
So we do not need the mass of either person when (58 kg)a = 497 N
finding the maximum possible initial acceleration. a = 8.6 m/s 2
(c) The ratio of the two accelerations is: Statement: The maximum possible acceleration of
a1 µS1 g the skater is 8.6 m/s2 [towards off-ice person].
=
a2 µS2 g
µ Tutorial 3 Practice, page 177
= S1 !
µS2 1. (a) Given: m = 0.170 kg; v1 = 21.2 m/s [W];

=
0.52 µK = 0.005; Δd = 58.5 m
0.66 Required: v2
a1 Analysis: Consider the forces acting on the puck.
= 0.79
a2 The magnitude of the net force on the puck equals
From the above calculation, the ratio of the two the force of kinetic friction. First calculate the
accelerations is equal to the ratio of the two acceleration using Fnet = ma . Then use the
coefficients of friction. equation v 2 2 = v1 2 + 2a!d to calculate the final
speed of the puck.

Copyright  2011 Nelson Education Ltd. Chapter 4: Applications of Forces 4.3-2

Solution: 2. Draw a FBD of the snowmobile.
Fnet = FK
ma = µK FN
ma = µK mg
a= µK g
= (0.005)(9.8 m/s 2 )
a = 0.049 m/s 2
The acceleration of the puck is 0.049 m/s2.

Next calculate the final speed of the puck.

v2 2 = v12 + 2a!d Given: mT = 320 kg + 120 kg + 140 kg = 580 kg;
m1 = 120 kg; m2 = 140 kg; µK = 0.15;
v2 = v12 + 2a!d Fa = 1500 N [forwards]
= ("21.2 m/s)2 + 2("0.049 m/s 2 )(58.5 m) Required: a
Analysis: First calculate the force of kinetic
v2 = 21.1 m/s
friction for the sleds using the equation FK = µK FN .
Statement: The speed of the puck after travelling
Then use the equation Fnet = mT a to calculate the
58.5 m is 21.1 m/s.
(b) Given: m = 0.170 kg; µK = 0.047; acceleration. Choose forwards as positive. So
! backwards is negative.
v1 = 21.2 m/s [W];
! Solution:
v2 = 21.06 m/s [W] (one extra digit carried) FK = µK FN
Required: Δd = µK (m1 + m2 )g
Analysis: First calculate the acceleration as done = (0.15)(120 kg + 140 kg)((9.8 m/s 2 )
in part (a). Then use the equation v 2 2 = v1 2 + 2a!d FK = 382 N (one extra digit carried)
to calculate the distance travelled.
Solution: From the FBD of the snowmobile,
! ! !
Fnet = FK Fnet = Fa + FK
ma = µK FN mT a = +1500 N + (!382 N)
ma = µK mg (580 kg)a = +1118 N
a= µK g a = +1.9 m/s 2
= (0.047)(9.8 m/s ) 2 !
a = 1.9 m/s 2 [forwards]
a = 0.461 m/s 2 (one extra digit carried) Statement: The acceleration of the snowmobile
The magnitude of the acceleration of the puck is and the sleds is 1.9 m/s2 [forwards].
0.461 m/s2. 3. (a) Given: m1 = 3.2 kg; m2 = 1.5 kg; µK = 0.30
Required: a
Next calculate the distance travelled. Analysis: First calculate the kinetic friction acting
v2 2 = v12 + 2a!d on the object on the table using FK = µK FN . Then
v2 2 " v12 = 2a!d consider the magnitudes of the forces acting on
v2 2 " v12 each object to determine the acceleration.
!d = Solution:
2a
FK = µK FN
("21.06 m/s)2 " ("21.2 m/s)2
= = µK m1 g
2("0.461 m/s 2 )
!d = 6.42 m = (0.30)(3.2 kg)((9.8 m/s 2 )
Statement: The puck will travel 6.42 m for the FK = 9.41 N (one extra digit carried)
same initial and final speeds.

Copyright  2011 Nelson Education Ltd. Chapter 4: Applications of Forces 4.3-3

For the object on the table, the force of kinetic Solution:
! ! !
friction is in the opposite direction of motion. Fnet = FT + FK
Fnet = FT ! FK ma = +350 N + FK
m1a = FT ! 9.41 N (Equation 1)
(125 kg)(+1.2 m/s 2 ) = +350 N + FK
FK = !200 N
For the hanging object, the tension acting is in the !
opposite direction of motion. FK = 200 [backwards]
Fnet = Fg ! FT
m2 a = m2 g ! FT (Equation 2) Use the magnitude of the kinetic friction to
calculate µK.
FK
Add the equations to solve for a. µS =
(m1 + m2 )a = m2 g ! 9.41 N FN
(4.7 kg)a = (1.5 kg)(9.8 m/s 2 ) ! 9.41 N F
= T
mg
a = 1.13 m/s 2
200 N
a = 1.1 m/s 2 =
(125 kg)(9.8 m/s 2 )
Statement: The acceleration of the object on the µS = 0.16
table is 1.1 m/s2 [right] and the acceleration of the
hanging object is 1.1 m/s2 [down]. Statement: The coefficient of kinetic friction is
(b) From equation 1, 0.16.
m1a = FT ! 9.41 N (b) Given: a = 1.2 m/s2 [forwards]; Δt = 5.0 s
FT = m1a + 9.41 N Required: Δd
1
= (3.2 kg)(1.13 m/s 2 ) + 9.41 N Analysis: Use the equation !d = v i !t + a!t 2 to
2
FT = 13 N
calculate the distance travelled.
The magnitude of the tension in the string is 13 N. Solution: Choose forwards as positive. So
(c) Given: m1 = 3.2 kg; a = 1.13 m/s2 [right]; backwards is negative. Since the box starts its
!
Δt = 1.2 s; v1 = 1.3 m/s [right] motion from rest, vi = 0 m/s.
Required: Δd 1
!d = a!t 2
1 2
Analysis: Use the equation !d = v i !t + a!t 2 to 1
2 = (+1.2 m/s 2 )(5.0 s)2
calculate the distance travelled. 2
Solution: !d = 15 m

!d = vi !t +
1
a!t 2
Statement: The box travels 15 m up to the
2 moment the cable breaks.
1 (c) Given: a1 = 1.2 m/s2 [forwards]; Δt = 5.0 s
= (+1.3 m/s)(1.2 s) + (+1.13 m/s 2 )(1.2 s)2
2 Required: Δd
!d = 2.4 m Analysis: First use the equation v 2 = v1 + a!t to
Statement: The objects will move 2.4 m in 1.2 s. calculate the velocity v2 of the box just before the
4. (a) Given: m = 125 kg; FT = 350 N; cable breaks. For the second part of the motion, the
a = 1.2 m/s2 [forwards] tension in the cable is zero. Use Fnet = FK to
Required: µK calculate the acceleration of the box. Then use the
Analysis: First calculate the force of kinetic
equation v f 2 = v i 2 + 2a!d to calculate the distance
friction for the box using the equation
FK travelled when the motion of the box stops.
Fnet = FT + FK . Then use the equation µK = to Choose forwards as positive. So backwards is
FN
negative.
calculate µK. Choose forwards as positive. So
backwards is negative.

Copyright  2011 Nelson Education Ltd. Chapter 4: Applications of Forces 4.3-4

Solution: For the first part of the motion, the FSmax
initial velocity v1 of the box is 0 m/s. Analysis: µS =
! ! FN
v2 = a1 !t
Solution:
= (+1.2 m/s 2 )(5.0 s) FSmax = µS FN
= +6.0 m/s = µS mg
!
v2 = 6.0 m/s [forwards] = (0.55)(250 kg)(9.8 m/s 2 )
FSmax = 1300 N
For the second part of the motion,
! ! Statement: The maximum force of static friction
Fnet = FK
acting on the box is 1300 N.
ma2 = !200 N (c) Answers may vary. Sample answer:
(125 kg)a2 = !200 N The competition is unfair. We know that the
!200 N magnitude of the coefficient of friction is always
a2 =
125 kg less than one. The mass of the box of books is
more than three times the average mass of a
= !1.6 m/s 2
! student. To provide a force large enough to move
a2 = 1.6 m/s 2 [backwards] the box, you need a large coefficient of static
friction. However, it is unlikely that the coefficient
Now calculate the distance travelled. The initial for the student’s shoes on the floor to be more than
!
velocity v1 is 6.0 m/s [forwards] and the final three times that for the box.
! 2. (a) Given: m1 = 55 kg; m2 = 78 kg
velocity vf is 0 m/s.
Required: µS
vf 2 = vi 2 + 2a!d Analysis: First calculate the maximum magnitude
0 = vi 2 + 2a!d of the maximum force of static friction for the
vi 2 = "2a!d actor on ice. Since neither actor is moving, the net
force on each is zero. For the hanging actor,
vi 2
!d = FT = Fg = m 2 g . For the actor on ice, FT = FSmax .
"2a
FSmax
=
(+6.0 m/s)2 Then use µS = to calculate µS.
"2("1.6 m/s 2 ) FN
!d = 11 m Solution:
FSmax
Statement: The box travels 11 m from the µS =
FN
moment the cable breaks until it stops.
mg
= 2
Section 4.3 Questions, page 178 m1 g
1. (a) Given: m = 64 kg; µS = 0.72 =
m2
Required: FSmax m1
FSmax 78 kg
Analysis: µS = =
FN 55 kg
Solution: µS = 1.4
FSmax = µS FN Statement: The minimum coefficient of static
= µS mg friction is 1.4.
= (0.72)(64 kg)(9.8 m/s 2 )
(b) Answers may vary. Sample answer:
The answer is not reasonable since the coefficient
FSmax = 450 N
of static friction is usually less than one. For an ice
Statement: The maximum force of static friction surface, the force of static friction is very low and
acting on the student is 450 N. so will be the coefficient of static friction (often
(b) Given: m = 250 kg; µS = 0.55 around 0.1).
Required: FSmax

Copyright  2011 Nelson Education Ltd. Chapter 4: Applications of Forces 4.3-5

(c) Answers may vary. Sample answer: FT = FSmax
To make the scene more realistic, make the value = µS FN
of µS less than one by switching the two actors. = µS mg
Change the ice shelf to a shelf with a rough surface
that will give a greater value of static friction to = (0.40)[(3.0 kg)(9.8 m/s 2 ) + 15.0 N]
stop the heavier actor from sliding. FT = 18 N
3. (a) Given: mT = 5.0 kg + 3.0 kg = 8.0 kg; So the magnitude of the tension is 18 N.
FSmax = 31.4 N (d) If the student pushes down on the 5.0 kg object
Required: µS in part (c), the total normal force is the same so the
FSmax answer will not change. However, the normal force
Analysis: µS = on the second object will not be the same. So the
FN
answer for the magnitude of the tension in the
Solution: string will change.
FSmax 4. (a) Draw a FDB of the book.
µS =
FN
FSmax
=
mT g
31.4 N
=
(8.0 kg)(9.8 m/s 2 )
µS = 0.40
Statement: The coefficient of static friction is
0.40.
(b) Consider forces acting on the second object.
Since the net force is zero, the tension in the string Since the book does not move, the net force on the
equals the magnitude of the force of static friction. book is zero.
FT = FSmax Given: m1 = 0.80 kg; FN = 26 N
= µS FN Required: µS
FSmax
= µS mg Analysis: Use the equation µS = to calculate
FN
= (0.40)(3.0 kg)(9.8 m/s 2 )
FT = 12 N
µS. In this case, FS max
= Fg = mg

If the students pull on the first object, the Solution:

magnitude of the tension in the string is 12 N. FSmax
µS =
(c) The maximum force of static friction is given FN
by the equation FSmax = µS FN . If the students push on mg
=
the second object with 15.0 N [down], the total FN
normal force becomes: FN = mT g + 15.0 N (0.80 kg)(9.8 m/s 2 )
=
FSmax = µS FN 26 N
= µS (mT g + 15.0 N) µS = 0.30
= (0.40)[(8.0 kg)(9.8 m/s 2 ) + 15 N] Statement: The coefficient of static friction is
FSmax = 37 N 0.30.
(b) Answers may vary. Sample answer:
So the magnitude of the maximum force of static The student could add an object on top of the book
friction is 37 N. or tie an object to the bottom of the book so that
the magnitude of Fg is greater than the magnitude
Since the net force is zero, the magnitude of the
tension in the string equals the magnitude of the of FSmax to make the net force non-zero.
force of static friction on the second object.
In this case, FN = mg + 15.0 N .

Copyright  2011 Nelson Education Ltd. Chapter 4: Applications of Forces 4.3-6

5. (a) Given: m1 = 4.4 kg; µS = 0.42 (d) Given: m1 = 4.4 kg; µK = 0.34;
Required: FSmax mT = 0.12 kg + 87(0.02 kg) = 1.86 kg;
!
FSmax Required: a
Analysis: µS = Analysis: First calculate the kinetic friction acting
FN
on the block using FK = µK FN . Then consider the
Solution:
magnitudes of the forces acting on the block and
FSmax = µS FN
the bucket containing the washers to determine the
= µS m1 g acceleration.
= (0.42)(4.4 kg)(9.8 m/s 2 ) Solution: First calculate the kinetic friction for the
= 18.1 N block.
FK = µK FN
FSmax = 18 N
= µK m1 g
Statement: The maximum force of static friction
for the block is 18 N. = (0.34)(4.4 kg)((9.8 m/s 2 )
(b) Given: FSmax = 18.1 N; mb = 0.12 kg; FK = 14.66 N (two extra digits carried)
mw = 0.02 kg
Required: n The force of kinetic friction is in the opposite
Analysis: Since the block is not moving, the net direction of motion. For the block,
force is zero. So FT = FS . For the bucket, Fnet = FT ! FK
max

FT = Fg = mT g . Use the equation FSmax = mT g to m1a = FT ! 14.66 N (Equation 1)

calculate the total mass, mT, of bucket and washers

For the bucket with the washers, the tension acting
added. Then use the equation mT = mb + nmw to
is in the opposite direction of motion.
find n. Fnet = Fg ! FT
Solution:
mT a = mT g ! FT (Equation 2)
FSmax = mT g
FSmax
mT = Add the equations to solve for a.
g m1 a + m T a = m T g ! 14.66 N
=
18.1 N ( m1 + m T )a = m T g ! 14.66 N
9.8 m/s 2 ( 4.4 kg + 1.86 kg)a = (1.86 kg)(9.8 m/s 2 ) ! 14.66 N
mT = 1.85 kg (one extra digit carried) a = 0.57 m/s 2
Statement: The acceleration of the block when the
Calculate the maximum number of washers added. 87th washer is added is 0.57 m/s2 [right].
mT = mb + nmw 6. (a) Given: mA = 6(65 kg) = 390 kg;
nmw = mT ! mb FSmax = 3200 N
m ! mb Required: µS
n= T
mw FSmax
1.85 kg ! 0.12 kg Analysis: µS =
= FN
0.02 kg
Solution:
n = 86.5 FSmax
Statement: The students can add 86 washers to the µS =
FN
bucket without moving the block.
(c) Answers may vary. Sample answer: FSmax
=
This investigation may not yield accurate results if mA g
the students use it to find the coefficient of static 3200 N
=
friction. The number of washers added is a discrete (390 kg)(9.8 m/s 2 )
quantity so the total mass mT found could differ by µS = 0.84
a quantity of 0.02 kg. This difference will affect
Statement: Team A’s coefficient of static friction
the accuracy of FSmax used to find the coefficient of
is 0.84.
static friction.

Copyright  2011 Nelson Education Ltd. Chapter 4: Applications of Forces 4.3-7

(b) Given: mA = 390 kg; FK = 2900 N Analysis: First use the equation v 2 = v1 + a!t to
Required: µK calculate the velocity v2 of the piano just before the
Analysis: µK =
FK students stop pushing. Use Fnet = FK to calculate
FN the new acceleration of the piano. Then use the
Solution: equation v f = v i + a!t to calculate the time it takes
FK the piano to stop moving. Choose forwards as
µK =
FN positive. So backwards is negative.
FK Solution: When the students are pushing, the
=
mA g initial velocity v1 of the box is 0 m/s.
! !
2900 N v2 = a1 !t1
=
(390 kg)(9.8 m/s 2 ) " m%
v2 = $ +0.30 2 ' (6.2 s)
µK = 0.76 # s &
Statement: Team A’s coefficient of kinetic v2 = +1.86 m/s
!
friction is 0.76. v2 = 1.86 m/s [forwards]
7. (a) Given: m = 260 kg;
a = 0.30 m/s2 [forwards]; When the students stop pushing,
Fa = (280 N + 340 N) [forwards] Fnet = FK
= 620 N [forwards] ma2 = !542 N
Required: µK (260 kg)a2 = !542 N
Analysis: First find the force of kinetic friction for
!542 N
the piano using the equation Fnet = Fa + FK . Then a2 =
260 kg
FK
use the equation µK = to calculate µK. Choose a2 = !2.08 m/s 2 (one extra digit carried)
FN
forwards as positive. So backwards is negative.
Now use the new acceleration to calculate the time
Solution:
Fnet = Fa + FK
it takes the piano to stop moving. The initial
velocity vi is 1.86 m/s [forwards] and the final
ma = +620 N + FK velocity vf is 0 m/s.
( 260 kg)(( +0.30 m/s 2 ) = +620 N + FK v f = v i + a 2 !t 2
FK = !542 N 0 = +1.86 m/s + ( "2.08 m/s 2 ) !t 2
!t 2 = 0.89 s
Use the magnitude of the force of kinetic friction Statement: It will take the piano 0.89 s to stop
to calculate the coefficient of kinetic friction. moving.
FK !
µK = 8. (a) (i) Given: m = 65 kg; Fa = 250 N
FN !
[forwards]; FK = 62 N [backwards]
F !
= K Required: a
mg ! ! !
542 N Analysis: Use the equation Fnet = Fa + FK to find
=
(260 kg)(9.8 m/s 2 ) the net force on the sprinter and use the equation
! ! !
µK = 0.21 Fnet = ma to calculate a . Choose forwards as
Statement: The coefficient of kinetic friction is positive. So backwards is negative.
0.21. Solution:
! ! !
! Fnet = Fa + FK
(b) Given: m = 260 kg; a1 = 0.30 m/s2 [forwards];
Δt1 = 6.2 s ma = +250 N + (!62 N)
Required: Δt2 (65 kg)a = +188 N
a = +2.89 m/s 2
!
a = 2.9 m/s 2 [forwards]
Statement: The acceleration of the sprinter is
2.9 m/s2 [forwards].

Copyright  2011 Nelson Education Ltd. Chapter 4: Applications of Forces 4.3-8

 !
(ii) Given: a = 2.89 m/s2 [forwards]; Δt = 2.0 s vf " vi
Analysis: First use the equation a = to
Required: Δd !t
1 calculate the acceleration of the lawnmower and
Analysis: Use the equation !d = v i !t + a!t 2 to use the equation FK = µ K FN to calculate the force
2
calculate the distance travelled. Since the sprinter of kinetic friction acting on it. Then use Fnet = ma
starts from rest, vi = 0 m/s. and Fnet = Fa + FK to calculate the applied force.
Solution:
Choose forwards as positive. So backwards is
1
!d = a!t 2 negative. Since the homeowner starts from rest,
2 vi = 0 m/s.
1 Solution:
= (+2.89 m/s 2 )(2.0 s)2
2 vf ! vi
!d = 5.8 m a=
"t
Statement: The distance travelled is 5.8 m. vf
=
(iii) Given: m = 65 kg; FSmax = 250 N "t
Required: µS +1.2 m/s
=
FSmax 2.0 s
Analysis: µS =
FN a = +0.60 m/s 2
Solution:
FSmax Calculate the kinetic friction that acts in the
µK = opposite direction of motion.
FN
FK = µK FN
FSmax
= = µK mg
mg
= (0.25)(15.0 kg)(9.8 m/s 2 )
250 N
= FK = 36.75 N
(65 kg)(9.8 m/s 2 )
µK = 0.39
Now calculate the applied force.
Statement: The coefficient of friction between the ! ! !
sprinter’s shoes and the track is 0.39. Fnet = Fa + FK
(b) The friction applied on the sprinter from the ma = Fa + (!36.75 N)
ground is static friction. When the sprinter’s shoes (15.0 kg)(+0.60 m/s 2 ) = Fa ! 36.75 N
push backwards on the ground, the ground pushes Fa = +46 N
back on the sprinter’s feet with a reaction force !
Fa = 46 N [forwards]
equal in magnitude to the force that pushes the
sprinter forwards. This force is the static friction Statement: The horizontal applied force acting on
that will start the sprinter moving from rest. Every the lawnmower is 46 N [forwards].
time the sprinter pushes backwards on the ground, 10. Given: m = 75 kg; vi = 2.8 m/s [forwards];
the ground provides this force to keep the sprinter Δd = 3.8 m
moving. So this applied force is static friction. Required: µK
!
9. Given: m = 15.0 kg; vf = 1.2 m/s [forwards]; Analysis: First use the equation v f 2 = v i 2 + 2a!d
Δt = 2.0 s; µK = 0.25 to calculate the acceleration of the baseball player.
!
Required: Fa Then use Fnet = Fa + FK to calculate the force of
FK
kinetic friction and use µK = to calculate µK.
FN
Choose forwards as positive. So backwards is
negative. Since the player slides to come to rest,
vf = 0 m/s.

Copyright  2011 Nelson Education Ltd. Chapter 4: Applications of Forces 4.3-9

Solution: Now calculate µK.
0 = vi 2 + 2a!d FK
µK =
2
vi FN
a=
"2!d ma
=
(+2.8 m/s)2 mg
=
"2(3.8 m) a
=
a = "1.03 m/s 2 (one extra digit carried) g
1.03 m/s 2
=
Since there is no applied force on the player, 9.8 m/s 2
Fnet = FK
µK = 0.11
ma = FK
Statement: The coefficient of kinetic friction is
0.11.

Copyright  2011 Nelson Education Ltd. Chapter 4: Applications of Forces 4.3-10