Exam 1

Question 1
Not yet graded / 20 pts

Provide, in your own words, a definition of a system. Include some examples.
Your Answer:
A system is an organized interconnected network or mechanism that is ultimately
thriving towards a goal. Examples of these are Communication Systems, Business
Management Software, and even the Operating System on your phone.

Question 2
Select a system of your choice and describe the system life cycle.
Your Answer:
Software Development System
Planning involves the finding of the scope of the software while the system analysis
phase determines the functional requirements needed for the software to meet the
user's requirements. System design refers to the features and operations included in the
software. Next is the development stage where the team makes modifications and tries
to make the software stable. Testing and Implementation would be next so that the
quality of the software will be assured. Lastly, Operations and Maintenance will be done
to the software.

Question 3
Define system engineering. What is included? Why is it important?
Your Answer:
System engineering is a field of study in engineering and engineering management that
focuses on how to design, manage complex systems over their life cycles. It is
important because it deals with coping with complexity. Systems engineering helps to
manage real world-changing issues and produce the most efficient solutions.

Question 4
What is the purpose of design reviews?
Your Answer:
It is where a design is evaluated if it is aligned to its expected outcomes or quality or if it
needs further work.

Question 5
What is life-cycle cost? What is included? When is it first considered and applied? Why
is it important to consider such cost in the decision-making process?
Your Answer:
The life-cycle cost is the total cost the owner or producer of an asset will incur over its
lifespan. This includes the initial investment, future investments, recurring costs,
subtracting any salvage value. It should be first considered before acquiring the asset
because not planning for the additional costs and just looking at its face value could
make you lose more money.

Question 6
Describe, in your own words, some of today’s challenges relative to the implementation
of system engineering, when considering the current environment.
Your Answer:
Nowadays, the Internet has been used more frequently since people are at home. We
become easily connected and the world feels just a little bit smaller. But, despite the
accessibility of information, people can be hoaxed to believing fake news.
Misinformation can lead to ignorance and even panic amongst citizens that is why it has
become a hindrance to the internet as an information system.

Question 7
Identify the basic steps in the system engineering process, and describe some of the
inputs and outputs, associated with each step.
Your Answer:
1. Requirements Analysis
This is the art of making sure the design inputs can be translated into verifiable
technical requirements.
2. Functional Analysis and Allocation
This is where the systems engineer leads the team in developing strategies to
meet the requirements. Risk analyses will be done to ensure user safety
3. Design Synthesis
This is a systematic process of quantitatively evaluating each proposed design
solutions in order to reduce cost, risk, and time of product development.
4. Systems Analysis and Control
This is where the measurement and recording of progress and decisions made
while developing the product.
5. Verification
This is to make sure the design outputs satisfy the design inputs.

Question 8
What is the purpose of feasibility analysis? What information is desired from such an
analysis?
Your Answer:
Feasibility analysis can provide an organization's management with crucial information
regarding the relevant factors concerning their planned project, including economic,
technical, legal, and scheduling considerations to ascertain the success of a project as
a whole.

Question 9
Why is the definition of system operational requirements important? What is included?
Your Answer:
It is necessary because it helps in identifying the capabilities, performance measure,
associated requirements, and processes and actions to be taken into consideration to
achieve the system's desired result.

Question 10
Why is the definition of the system logistics and maintenance concept important? What
is included? How does the maintenance concept relate to the maintenance plan?
Your Answer:
The definition of the system logistics and maintenance concept is conducted to evolve
and establish requirements and tasks to be done for achieving, restoring, and
maintaining the operational capability of the system. The maintenance concept is the
central element of the maintenance plan.

Question 11
What is meant by quality function deployment (QFD)? What are some of the benefits
that can be derived from its application?
Your Answer:
It is a focused methodology of using feedback from the customer and effectively
responding to those needs and expectations. Some benefits include reduced start-up
costs, improved product quality, cuts down rejects, and an environment of team work.

Question 12
What is meant by functional analysis? When should it be performed (if at all)? Why is it
important in system engineering? What purpose(s) does it serve?
Your Answer:
Functional analysis concerns with dividing the system into smaller parts, called
functional elements, describing what each part does. This is the next step after setting
goals and requirements. It is important to do a functional analysis since it clearly defines
the role of each part of the system and by this, the system engineer can decide which
parts to omit if unnecessary towards the system.

Question 13
What are the basic steps involved in system analysis?
Your Answer:
This involves the analysis of the goal or need, designing a system to meet the need,
developing and testing the proposed system, implementation of the system, and lastly
the documentation and evaluation of its use.

Question 14
Why are the identification and description of system-level functional interfaces
important? What can happen if these interfaces are not well defined?
Your Answer:
These interfaces are important because they provide the specifications of the relevant
properties of a system or component that can be connected to other systems.
Identifying interfaces helps you to know your system's boundaries. If not well defined, it
may cause cost overruns and product failure.

Question 15
How are common functions addressed in the requirements allocation process? What
cautions must be addressed in the allocation of quantitative requirements to functions?
Your Answer:
They are assigned to higher level functions where requirements of the top-level
requirements must be met by the aggregate of those common functions. There should
be caution towards the proper allocation of higher-level requirements and the
traceability to the originating requirement, as well as the rationale for the allocation.

Question 16
Describe what is meant by synthesis. How do the functions of analysis, synthesis, and
evaluation relate to each other?
Your Answer:
Synthesis is the pooling of ideas and concepts to form a theory or system. Analysis
breaks down complex ideas to have an improved understanding, synthesis, onthe other
hand, resolves two conflicting ideas by finding their commonality while evaluation
judges the overall aspect of the idea.

Question 17
What is a model? Identify some of the basic characteristics of a model. List some of the
benefits associated with the usage of mathematical models in system analysis. What
are some of the problems/concerns?
Your Answer:
A model is the abstract representation of the underlying workings of a system. The
model should show the system's basic concepts like requirements, system elements
and functions. Using mathematical models may help to explain a system and to study
the effects of different components. But, these models can only be understood by
certain professionals which may be either timely or costly in the development process.

Question 18
What is meant by sensitivity analysis? What are some of the objectives of performing a
sensitivity analysis? Benefits?
Your Answer:
Sensitivity Analysis is a financial model that determines how target variables are
affected based on changes in the input variables. It can be done to assess the riskiness
of a strategy and help in identifying how dependent the output is on a particular input
value.

Question 19
How is a system validated in terms of compliance with the initially specified
requirements?
Your Answer:
This is done through the Assessment of the overall system where it is important to
ensure not only that the initially specified system requirements being met, but also that
any changes in requirements that take place
in the user environment are properly reflected back into the design process. In other
words, there is a continuous product/process improvement feedback loop.

Question 20
How are test requirements determined?
Your Answer:
These are are determined through tests having various criteria in order to meet specific
system requirements.

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Question 1

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2. Functional Analysis and Allocation

4. Systems Analysis and Control

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