FB2sl 1015 en en-US

Preface
Fundamental safety
instructions 1
A4: Digital and analog NC I/O
for SINUMERIK 840D sl 2
B3: Distributed systems -
SINUMERIK 840D sl only 3
H1: Manual and handwheel
travel 4
SINUMERIK 840D sl / 828D
Extended Functions K3: Compensations 5
K5: Channel synchronization,
axis interchange 6
Function Manual M1: Kinematic transformation 7
M5: Measurement 8
N3: Software cams, position
switching cycles - only 840D 9
sl
N4: Own channel - only 840D
sl 10
P2: Positioning axes 11
P5: Oscillation 12
R2: Rotary axes 13
S3: Synchronous spindle 14
S7: Memory configuration 15
T1: Indexing axes 16
Valid for
W3: Tool change 17
Control W4: Grinding-specific tool
SINUMERIK 840D sl / 840DE sl offset and tool monitoring 18
SINUMERIK 828D
Software Version Z2: NC/PLC interface signals 19

CNC Software 4.7 SP2
Appendix A
10/2015
6FC5397-1BP40-5BA3
Legal information
Warning notice system
This manual contains notices you have to observe in order to ensure your personal safety, as well as to prevent
damage to property. The notices referring to your personal safety are highlighted in the manual by a safety alert
symbol, notices referring only to property damage have no safety alert symbol. These notices shown below are
graded according to the degree of danger.
DANGER
indicates that death or severe personal injury will result if proper precautions are not taken.
WARNING
indicates that death or severe personal injury may result if proper precautions are not taken.
CAUTION
indicates that minor personal injury can result if proper precautions are not taken.
NOTICE
indicates that property damage can result if proper precautions are not taken.
If more than one degree of danger is present, the warning notice representing the highest degree of danger will be
used. A notice warning of injury to persons with a safety alert symbol may also include a warning relating to property
damage.
Qualified Personnel
The product/system described in this documentation may be operated only by personnel qualified for the specific
task in accordance with the relevant documentation, in particular its warning notices and safety instructions. Qualified
personnel are those who, based on their training and experience, are capable of identifying risks and avoiding
potential hazards when working with these products/systems.
Proper use of Siemens products
Note the following:
WARNING
Siemens products may only be used for the applications described in the catalog and in the relevant technical
documentation. If products and components from other manufacturers are used, these must be recommended or
approved by Siemens. Proper transport, storage, installation, assembly, commissioning, operation and
maintenance are required to ensure that the products operate safely and without any problems. The permissible
ambient conditions must be complied with. The information in the relevant documentation must be observed.
Trademarks
All names identified by ® are registered trademarks of Siemens AG. The remaining trademarks in this publication
may be trademarks whose use by third parties for their own purposes could violate the rights of the owner.
Disclaimer of Liability
We have reviewed the contents of this publication to ensure consistency with the hardware and software described.
Since variance cannot be precluded entirely, we cannot guarantee full consistency. However, the information in
this publication is reviewed regularly and any necessary corrections are included in subsequent editions.
Siemens AG Order number: 6FC5397-1BP40-5BA3 Copyright © Siemens AG 1994 - 2015.

Division Digital Factory Ⓟ 11/2015 Subject to change All rights reserved
Postfach 48 48
90026 NÜRNBERG
GERMANY
Preface
SINUMERIK documentation
The SINUMERIK documentation is organized in the following categories:
● General documentation
● User documentation
● Manufacturer/service documentation
Additional information
You can find information on the following topics at www.siemens.com/motioncontrol/docu:
● Ordering documentation/overview of documentation
● Additional links to download documents
● Using documentation online (find and search in manuals/information)
Please send any questions about the technical documentation (e.g. suggestions for
improvement, corrections) to the following address:
[email protected]
My Documentation Manager (MDM)

Under the following link you will find information to individually compile OEM-specific machine
documentation based on the Siemens content:
www.siemens.com/mdm
Training
For information about the range of training courses, refer under:
● www.siemens.com/sitrain
SITRAIN - Siemens training for products, systems and solutions in automation technology
● www.siemens.com/sinutrain
SinuTrain - training software for SINUMERIK
FAQs
You can find Frequently Asked Questions in the Service&Support pages under Product
Support. http://support.automation.siemens.com
Extended Functions
Function Manual, 10/2015, 6FC5397-1BP40-5BA3 3
Preface
SINUMERIK
You can find information on SINUMERIK under the following link:
www.siemens.com/sinumerik
Target group
This publication is intended for:
● Project engineers
● Technologists (from machine manufacturers)
● System startup engineers (Systems/Machines)
● Programmers
Benefits
The function manual describes the functions so that the target group knows them and can
select them. It provides the target group with the information required to implement the
functions.
Standard version
This documentation only describes the functionality of the standard version. Extensions or
changes made by the machine tool manufacturer are documented by the machine tool
manufacturer.
Other functions not described in this documentation might be executable in the control. This
does not, however, represent an obligation to supply such functions with a new control or when
servicing.
Further, for the sake of simplicity, this documentation does not contain all detailed information
about all types of the product and cannot cover every conceivable case of installation, operation
or maintenance.
Technical Support
You will find telephone numbers for other countries for technical support in the Internet under
http://www.siemens.com/automation/service&support
Information on structure and contents
Structure
This Function Manual is structured as follows:
● Inner title (page 3) with the title of the Function Manual, the SINUMERIK controls as well
as the software and the version for which this version of the Function Manual is applicable
and the overview of the individual functional descriptions.
● Description of the functions in alphabetical order (e.g. A2, A3, B1, etc.)
Extended Functions
4 Function Manual, 10/2015, 6FC5397-1BP40-5BA3
Preface
● Appendix with:
– List of abbreviations
– Documentation overview
● Index of terms
Note
For detailed descriptions of data and alarms see:
● For machine and setting data:
Detailed description of machine data (only electronically on DOConCD or DOConWEB)
● For NC/PLC interface signals:
– Function Manual, Basic Functions; NC/PLC Interface Signals (Z1)
– Function Manual, Extension Functions; NC/PLC Interface Signals (Z2)
– Function Manual, Special Functions; NC/PLC Interface Signals (Z3)
● For alarms:
Diagnostics Manual
Notation of system data

The following notation is applicable for system data in this documentation:
Signal/Data Notation Example

NC/PLC interface ... NC/PLC interface signal: When the new gear stage is engaged, the following NC/PLC
signals <signal address> (<signal name>) interface signals are set by the PLC program:
DB31, ... DBX16.0-2 (actual gear stage A to C)
DB31, ... DBX16.3 (gear is changed)
Machine data ... machine data: Master spindle is the spindle stored in the machine data:
<Type><Number> <Complete Des‐ MD20090 $MC_SPIND_DEF_MASTER_SPIND (position of de‐
ignator> (<Meaning>) letion of the master spindle in the channel)
Setting data ... setting data: The logical master spindle is contained in the setting data:
<Type><Number> <Complete Des‐ SD42800 $SC_SPIND_ASSIGN_TAB[0] (spindle number con‐
ignator> (<Meaning>) verter)
Note
Signal address
The description of functions include as <signal address> of an NC/PLC interface signal, only
the address valid for SINUMERIK 840D sl. The signal address for SINUMERIK 828D should
be taken from the data lists "Signals to/from ..." at the end of the particular description of
functions.
Extended Functions
Preface
Quantity structure
Explanations concerning the NC/PLC interface are based on the absolute maximum number
of the following components:
● Mode groups (DB11)
● Channels (DB21, etc.)
● Axes/spindles (DB31, etc.)
Data types
The control provides the following data types that can be used for programming in part
programs:
Type Meaning Value range

INT Signed integers -2,147,483,648 ... +2,147,483,647
REAL Numbers with decimal point ≈ ±5.0*10-324 … ≈ ±1.7*10+308
BOOL Boolean values TRUE (≠0) , FALSE (0)
CHAR ASCII characters and bytes 0 ... 255 or -128 ... 127
STRING Character string, null-terminated Maximum of 400 characters + /0
(no special characters)
AXIS Axis names All axis names available in the control
system
FRAME Geometrical parameters for moving, rotating, scaling, and ---
mirroring
Arrays
Arrays can only be formed from similar elementary data types. Up to 3-dimensional arrays are
possible.
Example: DEF INT ARRAY[2, 3, 4]
Number systems
The following number systems are available:
● Decimal: DEF INT number = 1234 or DEF REAL number = 1234.56
● Hexadecimal: DEF INT number = 'H123ABC'
● Binary: DEF INT number = 'B10001010010'
Querying REAL variables

We recommend that querying REAL or DOUBLE variables in NC programs and synchronized
actions is programmed as limit value evaluation.
Example: Querying the actual value of an axis for a specific value
DEF REAL AXPOS = 123.456

IF ($VA_IM[<axis>] - 1ex-6) <= AXPOS <= ($VA_IM[<axis>] + 1ex-6) ; actual position
... == AXPOS
Extended Functions
Preface
ELSE
... <> AXPOS
ENDIF
Extended Functions
Preface
Extended Functions
Table of contents
Preface.........................................................................................................................................................3
1 Fundamental safety instructions.................................................................................................................27
1.1 General safety instructions.....................................................................................................27
1.2 Industrial security...................................................................................................................27
2 A4: Digital and analog NC I/O for SINUMERIK 840D sl.............................................................................29
2.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................29
2.2 Indirect I/O access via PLC....................................................................................................30
2.2.1 Brief description.....................................................................................................................30
2.2.2 Parameterization....................................................................................................................31
2.2.3 System variables....................................................................................................................34
2.2.4 Comparator inputs..................................................................................................................34
2.2.5 Digital NC I/Os.......................................................................................................................34
2.2.5.1 Digital inputs...........................................................................................................................34
2.2.5.2 Digital outputs........................................................................................................................36
2.2.5.3 Connection and logic operations of fast digital I/Os...............................................................39
2.2.6 Analog NC I/Os......................................................................................................................41
2.2.6.1 Analog inputs.........................................................................................................................41
2.2.6.2 Analog outputs.......................................................................................................................44
2.2.6.3 Representation of the analog I/O values................................................................................48
2.2.7 Comparator inputs..................................................................................................................49
2.3 Direct I/O access via PLC......................................................................................................54
2.3.1 Parameterization....................................................................................................................54
2.3.2 Reading/writing: System variables.........................................................................................56
2.3.3 Supplementary conditions......................................................................................................57
2.3.4 Examples...............................................................................................................................57
2.3.4.1 Writing to PLC-I/Os................................................................................................................57
2.3.4.2 Reading from PLC-I/Os..........................................................................................................58
2.4 Direct I/O access without PLC...............................................................................................59
2.4.1 Brief description.....................................................................................................................59
2.4.2 Parameter assignment...........................................................................................................61
2.4.3 Reading/writing......................................................................................................................62
2.4.3.1 System variables....................................................................................................................62
2.4.3.2 Bindings (compile cycles).......................................................................................................64
2.4.4 Supplementary conditions......................................................................................................66
2.4.5 Examples...............................................................................................................................66
2.4.5.1 Writing to the NC I/O..............................................................................................................66
2.4.5.2 Reading from the NC I/O........................................................................................................68
2.4.5.3 Writing of the NC I/O with status query..................................................................................69
2.5 Data lists................................................................................................................................71
2.5.1 Machine data..........................................................................................................................71
2.5.1.1 General machine data............................................................................................................71
2.5.1.2 Channelspecific machine data...............................................................................................72
Extended Functions
Table of contents
2.5.2 Setting data............................................................................................................................72

2.5.2.1 General setting data...............................................................................................................72
2.5.3 System variable......................................................................................................................72
2.5.4 Signals...................................................................................................................................73
2.5.4.1 Signals to NC.........................................................................................................................73
2.5.4.2 Signals from NC.....................................................................................................................73
3 B3: Distributed systems - 840D sl only.......................................................................................................75
3.1 Brief description.....................................................................................................................75
3.1.1 Several operator panels on several NCUs (T:M:N)................................................................75
3.1.2 NCU link.................................................................................................................................78
3.1.2.1 Link communication...............................................................................................................78
3.1.2.2 Link variables.........................................................................................................................79
3.1.2.3 Link axes................................................................................................................................79
3.1.2.4 Lead link axes........................................................................................................................80
3.1.2.5 Dependencies........................................................................................................................80
3.1.2.6 Application example: Rotary indexing machine.....................................................................81
3.2 NCU link.................................................................................................................................83
3.2.1 Link communication...............................................................................................................83
3.2.1.1 General information................................................................................................................83
3.2.1.2 Link module............................................................................................................................87
3.2.1.3 Parameter assignment: NC system cycles............................................................................87
3.2.1.4 Parameter assignment: Link communication.........................................................................89
3.2.1.5 Configuration..........................................................................................................................90
3.2.1.6 Wiring the NCUs....................................................................................................................90
3.2.1.7 Activation................................................................................................................................90
3.2.2 Link variables.........................................................................................................................91
3.2.2.1 Properties of the link variables memory.................................................................................92
3.2.2.2 Properties of the link variables...............................................................................................92
3.2.2.3 Write elements.......................................................................................................................93
3.2.2.4 Dynamic response during write..............................................................................................93
3.2.2.5 System variable......................................................................................................................94
3.2.2.6 Synchronization of a write request.........................................................................................95
3.2.2.7 Example: Structure of the link variables memory...................................................................95
3.2.2.8 Example: Read drive data......................................................................................................97
3.2.3 Link axes................................................................................................................................98
3.2.3.1 General information................................................................................................................98
3.2.3.2 Name of a link axis...............................................................................................................100
3.2.3.3 Parameterization..................................................................................................................100
3.2.3.4 Auxiliary function output for spindles....................................................................................101
3.2.3.5 Supplementary conditions....................................................................................................102
3.2.4 Axis container.......................................................................................................................104
3.2.4.1 General information..............................................................................................................104
3.2.4.3 Programming........................................................................................................................113
3.2.4.4 System variable....................................................................................................................115
3.2.4.5 Machining with axis container (schematic)...........................................................................116
3.2.4.6 Behavior in different operating states...................................................................................116
3.2.4.7 Behavior when withdrawing the release for axis container rotation.....................................117
3.2.5 Lead link axes......................................................................................................................121
3.2.5.1 General information..............................................................................................................121
Extended Functions
Table of contents
3.2.5.3 System variables to enter a leading value...........................................................................124
3.2.5.5 Example...............................................................................................................................124
3.2.6 System of units within a link group.......................................................................................124
3.3 Examples.............................................................................................................................125
3.3.1 Link axis...............................................................................................................................125
3.3.2 Axis container coordination..................................................................................................126
3.3.2.1 Axis container rotation without a part program wait.............................................................127
3.3.2.2 Axis container rotation with an implicit part program wait....................................................127
3.3.2.3 Axis container rotation by one channel only (e.g. during power up)....................................127
3.3.3 Evaluating axis container system variables.........................................................................127
3.3.3.1 Conditional branch...............................................................................................................127
3.3.3.2 Static synchronized action with $AN_AXCTSWA................................................................128
3.3.3.3 Wait for certain completion of axis container rotation..........................................................128
3.3.4 Configuration of a multi-spindle turning machine.................................................................129
3.3.5 Lead link axis.......................................................................................................................138
3.3.5.1 Configuration........................................................................................................................138
3.3.5.2 Programming........................................................................................................................139
3.4 Data lists..............................................................................................................................141
3.4.1 Machine data........................................................................................................................141
3.4.1.1 General machine data..........................................................................................................141
3.4.1.2 Channelspecific machine data.............................................................................................141
3.4.1.3 Axis/spindlespecific machine data.......................................................................................141
3.4.2 Setting data..........................................................................................................................142
3.4.2.1 General setting data.............................................................................................................142
3.4.2.2 Axis/spindle-specific setting data.........................................................................................142
3.4.3 Signals.................................................................................................................................142
3.4.3.1 Signals from NC...................................................................................................................142
3.4.3.2 Signals from HMI/PLC..........................................................................................................142
3.4.3.3 General online interface.......................................................................................................143
3.4.3.4 Signals from axis/spindle.....................................................................................................144
3.4.4 System variables..................................................................................................................144
4 H1: Manual and handwheel travel............................................................................................................147
4.1 Overview..............................................................................................................................147
4.2 Control via the PLC interface...............................................................................................150
4.3 Parameter assignment (general)..........................................................................................151
4.4 Continuous manual travel....................................................................................................157
4.4.1 Function...............................................................................................................................157
4.4.2 Parameter assignment.........................................................................................................160
4.4.3 Supplementary conditions....................................................................................................160
4.5 Incremental manual travel....................................................................................................161
4.5.1 Function...............................................................................................................................161
4.6 Handwheel travel.................................................................................................................165
4.6.1 Function...............................................................................................................................165
Extended Functions
Table of contents
4.6.3 Travel request......................................................................................................................178

4.7 Manual traversing of the spindle..........................................................................................181
4.8 Manual traversing of geometry axes/orientation axes..........................................................183
4.9 Approaching a fixed point in JOG........................................................................................185
4.9.1 Function...............................................................................................................................185
4.9.2 Parameterization..................................................................................................................188
4.9.3 Programming........................................................................................................................190
4.9.4 Supplementary Conditions...................................................................................................191
4.9.5 Application example.............................................................................................................191
4.10 Position travel in JOG..........................................................................................................192
4.10.1 Function...............................................................................................................................192
4.10.2 Parameter setting.................................................................................................................195
4.11 Circular travel in JOG...........................................................................................................197
4.11.1 Function...............................................................................................................................197
4.11.2 Parameter setting.................................................................................................................203
4.12 Retraction in the tool direction (JOG retract)........................................................................207
4.12.1 Overview..............................................................................................................................207
4.12.2 Parameterization..................................................................................................................209
4.12.2.1 Automatic selection of JOG retract after Power On.............................................................209
4.12.2.2 Enable of the traversing direction.........................................................................................209
4.12.2.3 Measuring system status.....................................................................................................209
4.12.3 Selection..............................................................................................................................210
4.12.4 Tool retraction......................................................................................................................211
4.12.5 Deselection..........................................................................................................................213
4.12.6 Repeated selection..............................................................................................................213
4.12.7 Continuing machining...........................................................................................................214
4.12.8 State diagram.......................................................................................................................215
4.12.9 System data.........................................................................................................................215
4.13 Use of handwheels in automatic mode................................................................................217
4.13.1 Handwheel override in automatic mode...............................................................................217
4.13.1.1 General functionality............................................................................................................217
4.13.1.2 Programming and activating handwheel override................................................................221
4.13.1.3 Special features of handwheel override in automatic mode.................................................223
4.13.2 Contour handwheel/path input using handwheel (option)....................................................224
4.13.3 DRF offset............................................................................................................................226
4.13.4 Double use of the handwheel...............................................................................................229
4.14 Monitoring functions.............................................................................................................230
4.15 Start-up: Handwheels...........................................................................................................231
4.15.1 General information..............................................................................................................231
4.15.2 Connection via PPU (only 828D).........................................................................................233
4.15.3 Connection via PROFIBUS (828D)......................................................................................233
4.15.4 Connection via PROFIBUS (840D sl)..................................................................................235
4.15.5 Connected via Ethernet (only 840D sl)................................................................................237
Extended Functions
Table of contents
4.16 Data lists..............................................................................................................................241

4.16.1 Machine data........................................................................................................................241
4.16.1.2 Channel-specific machine data............................................................................................241
4.16.2 Setting data..........................................................................................................................243
4.16.2.2 Channel-specific setting data...............................................................................................243
4.16.3 Signals.................................................................................................................................243
4.16.3.1 Signals from NC...................................................................................................................243
4.16.3.2 Signals to mode group.........................................................................................................244
4.16.3.3 Signals from mode group.....................................................................................................244
4.16.3.4 Signals to channel................................................................................................................245
4.16.3.5 Signals from channel............................................................................................................246
4.16.3.6 Signals to axis/spindle..........................................................................................................248
4.16.4 System variable....................................................................................................................249
4.16.4.1 System variable....................................................................................................................249
4.16.5 OPI variable.........................................................................................................................249
4.16.5.1 OPI variable.........................................................................................................................249
5 K3: Compensations..................................................................................................................................251
5.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................251
5.2 Temperature compensation.................................................................................................252
5.2.1 Description of functions........................................................................................................252
5.2.2 Commissioning.....................................................................................................................255
5.2.3 Example...............................................................................................................................256
5.2.3.1 Commissioning the temperature compensation for the Z axis of a lathe.............................256
5.3 Backlash compensation.......................................................................................................259
5.3.1 Mechanical backlash compensation....................................................................................259
5.3.1.1 Description of functions........................................................................................................259
5.3.1.2 Commissioning: Axis-specific machine data........................................................................260
5.3.2 Dynamic backlash compensation.........................................................................................262
5.3.3 Dual position feedback.........................................................................................................263
5.4 Interpolatory compensation..................................................................................................265
5.4.1 General properties...............................................................................................................265
5.4.2 Leadscrew error and measuring system error compensation..............................................267
5.4.2.1 Measuring system error compensation (MSEC)..................................................................267
5.4.2.2 Commissioning.....................................................................................................................268
5.4.2.3 Example...............................................................................................................................271
5.4.3 Sag and angularity error compensation...............................................................................272
5.4.3.2 Commissioning.....................................................................................................................276
5.4.3.3 Examples.............................................................................................................................279
5.4.4 Extension of the sag compensation with NCU link - only 840D sl........................................288
Extended Functions
Table of contents
5.4.5 Direction-dependent leadscrew error compensation............................................................297

5.4.5.2 Commissioning.....................................................................................................................298
5.4.5.3 Example...............................................................................................................................301
5.4.6 Cylinder error compensation................................................................................................304
5.4.6.1 Function...............................................................................................................................304
5.4.6.2 Commissioning.....................................................................................................................305
5.4.6.3 Examples.............................................................................................................................308
5.5 Dynamic feedforward control (following error compensation)..............................................313
5.5.1 General properties...............................................................................................................313
5.5.2 Speed feedforward control...................................................................................................315
5.5.3 Torque feedforward control..................................................................................................317
5.5.4 Dynamic response adaptation..............................................................................................318
5.5.5 Forward feed control for command- and PLC axes.............................................................319
5.5.6 Secondary conditions...........................................................................................................320
5.6 Friction compensation overview...........................................................................................321
5.7 Friction compensation with a constant compensation value................................................322
5.7.2 Commissioning.....................................................................................................................323
5.7.2.1 Circularity test......................................................................................................................324
5.8 Friction compensation with adaptive characteristic..............................................................328
5.8.2 commissioning.....................................................................................................................329
5.9 Friction compensation with adaptive characteristics............................................................331
5.9.1 Description of the function....................................................................................................331
5.9.2 Commissioning.....................................................................................................................333
5.9.2.1 Activating the function..........................................................................................................333
5.9.2.2 Commissioning functions of the SINUMERIK Operate user interface.................................334
5.9.2.3 Parameterization of the acceleration at the characteristic interpolation points....................336
5.9.2.4 Velocity setpoint pulse.........................................................................................................338
5.9.2.5 Torque setpoint pulse...........................................................................................................340
5.10 Compensation functions for suspended axes......................................................................344
5.10.1 Electronic counterweight......................................................................................................344
5.10.2 Special function: Reboot delay.............................................................................................345
5.11 Data lists..............................................................................................................................347
5.11.1 Machine data........................................................................................................................347
5.11.2 Setting data..........................................................................................................................349
5.11.3 Signals.................................................................................................................................349
5.11.3.1 Signals from NC...................................................................................................................349
5.11.3.2 Signals from mode group.....................................................................................................349
Extended Functions
Table of contents

6 K5: Channel synchronization, axis interchange........................................................................................351
6.1 Channel synchronization......................................................................................................351
6.1.1 Channel synchronization (program coordination)................................................................351
6.1.2 Channel synchronization: Conditional wait in path controlled operation..............................354
6.1.3 Running-in channel-by-channel...........................................................................................358
6.2 Axis replacement..................................................................................................................363
6.2.1 Overview..............................................................................................................................363
6.2.2 Commissioning.....................................................................................................................364
6.2.3 Programming: Releasing an axis (RELEASE).....................................................................365
6.2.4 Programming: Fetching an axis (GET, GETD).....................................................................365
6.2.5 Automatic axis replacement.................................................................................................367
6.2.6 Axis replacement via PLC....................................................................................................369
6.2.7 Axis interchange via axis container rotation.........................................................................371
6.2.8 Axis replacement with and without preprocessing stop.......................................................372
6.2.9 Axis exclusively controlled from the PLC.............................................................................373
6.2.10 Axis permanently assigned to the PLC................................................................................374
6.2.11 Geometry axis in rotated frame and axis replacement.........................................................375
6.2.12 Axis replacement from synchronized actions.......................................................................376
6.2.13 Axis interchange for leading axes (gantry)...........................................................................379
6.2.14 State diagram.......................................................................................................................379
6.2.15 Example...............................................................................................................................381
6.3 Data lists..............................................................................................................................383
6.3.1 Machine data........................................................................................................................383
6.3.2 Setting data..........................................................................................................................386
6.3.2.1 Channelspecific setting data................................................................................................386
6.3.3 Signals.................................................................................................................................386
6.3.3.1 Signals to/from BAG.............................................................................................................386
6.3.3.2 Signals to/from Channel.......................................................................................................386
7 M1: Kinematic transformation...................................................................................................................387
7.1 TRANSMIT face end transformation (option).......................................................................387
7.1.1 Function...............................................................................................................................387
7.1.1.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................387
7.1.1.2 Machining options................................................................................................................388
7.1.1.3 Working area limitations.......................................................................................................394
7.1.1.4 Overlaid motions with TRANSMIT.......................................................................................395
7.1.1.5 Monitoring of rotary axis rotations over 360º........................................................................395
7.1.2.1 Overview..............................................................................................................................396
7.1.2.2 Axis configuration.................................................................................................................397
7.1.2.3 Specific settings...................................................................................................................399
7.1.3 Programming........................................................................................................................401
7.1.4 Constraints...........................................................................................................................401
7.1.5 Example...............................................................................................................................403
Extended Functions
Table of contents
7.2 TRACYL cylinder surface transformation (option)................................................................406

7.2.1 Function...............................................................................................................................406
7.2.2.1 Overview..............................................................................................................................410
7.2.3 Programming........................................................................................................................417
7.2.4 Boundary conditions.............................................................................................................420
7.2.5 Examples.............................................................................................................................423
7.2.5.1 Machining grooves on a cylinder surface with X-Y-Z-C kinematics.....................................423
7.2.5.2 Machining grooves on a cylinder surface with X-Y-Z-A-C kinematics..................................428
7.3 TRAANG oblique angle transformation (option)...................................................................431
7.3.1 Function...............................................................................................................................431
7.3.2.1 Overview..............................................................................................................................432
7.3.3 Programming........................................................................................................................437
7.3.3.1 Activate skew angle transformation (TRAANG)...................................................................437
7.3.3.2 Oblique plunge-cutting on grinding machines (G5, G7).......................................................438
7.3.4 Boundary conditions.............................................................................................................439
7.3.5 Example...............................................................................................................................441
7.4 Chained transformations......................................................................................................444
7.4.1 Function...............................................................................................................................444
7.4.1.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................444
7.4.1.2 System variables..................................................................................................................446
7.4.2 Programming........................................................................................................................449
7.4.3 Examples.............................................................................................................................450
7.4.3.1 Application example of chained transformations..................................................................450
7.4.3.2 Determining the axis positions in the transformation chain..................................................454
7.5 Persistent transformation.....................................................................................................457
7.6 Cartesian PTP travel............................................................................................................462
7.6.1 Function...............................................................................................................................462
7.6.2 Commissioning.....................................................................................................................464
7.6.2.1 Response after POWER ON................................................................................................464
7.6.2.2 Response after reset/part program end...............................................................................464
7.6.2.3 Consideration of the SW limits during PTP travel................................................................465
7.6.3 Programming........................................................................................................................466
7.6.3.1 Activating/deactivating Cartesian PTP travel (PTP, PTPG0, PTPWOC, CP)......................466
7.6.3.2 Specify the position of the joints (STAT)..............................................................................467
7.6.3.3 Specify the sign of the axis angle (TU)................................................................................470
7.6.3.4 Example 1: PTP and TRAORI..............................................................................................472
7.6.3.5 Example 2: PTPG0 and TRANSMIT....................................................................................473
7.7 Cartesian manual travel (optional).......................................................................................476
7.8 Activating transformation machine data via part program/softkey.......................................484
7.8.1 Function...............................................................................................................................484
7.8.2 Constraints...........................................................................................................................484
7.8.3 Control response to power ON, mode change, RESET, block search, REPOS..................486
Extended Functions
Table of contents
7.8.4 List of machine data affected...............................................................................................487

7.8.5 Example...............................................................................................................................489
7.9 Data lists..............................................................................................................................490
7.9.1 Machine data........................................................................................................................490
7.9.1.1 TRANSMIT...........................................................................................................................490
7.9.1.2 TRACYL...............................................................................................................................491
7.9.1.3 TRAANG..............................................................................................................................493
7.9.1.4 Chained transformations......................................................................................................494
7.9.1.5 Non transformation-specific machine data...........................................................................494
7.9.2 Signals.................................................................................................................................495
8 M5: Measurement.....................................................................................................................................497
8.1 Brief description...................................................................................................................497
8.2 Hardware requirements........................................................................................................498
8.2.1 Probes that can be used......................................................................................................498
8.3 Channel-specific measuring.................................................................................................499
8.3.1 Measurement.......................................................................................................................499
8.3.2 Measurement results............................................................................................................500
8.4 Axial measurement..............................................................................................................501
8.4.1 Measurement.......................................................................................................................501
8.4.2 Telegram selection...............................................................................................................505
8.4.3 Measurement results............................................................................................................505
8.5 Setting zeros, workpiece measuring and tool measuring.....................................................507
8.5.1 Preset actual value memory and scratching........................................................................507
8.5.2 Workpiece measuring..........................................................................................................508
8.5.2.1 Input values..........................................................................................................................508
8.5.2.2 Measurement selection........................................................................................................515
8.5.2.3 Output values.......................................................................................................................516
8.5.2.4 Calculation method..............................................................................................................516
8.5.2.5 Units of measurement and measurement variables for the calculation...............................520
8.5.2.6 Diagnostics...........................................................................................................................521
8.5.3 Types of workpiece measurement.......................................................................................522
8.5.3.1 Measurement of an edge (measurement type 1, 2, 3).........................................................522
8.5.3.2 Measurement of an angle (measurement type 4, 5, 6, 7)....................................................526
8.5.3.3 Measurement of a hole (measurement type 8)....................................................................529
8.5.3.4 Measurement of a shaft (measurement type 9)...................................................................532
8.5.3.5 Measurement of a groove (measurement type 12)..............................................................533
8.5.3.6 Measurement of a web (measurement type 13)..................................................................536
8.5.3.7 Measurement of geo axes and special axes (measurement type 14, 15)............................537
8.5.3.8 Measurement of an oblique edge (measurement type 16)..................................................539
8.5.3.9 Measurement of an oblique angle in a plane (measurement type 17).................................540
8.5.3.10 Redefine measurement around a WCS reference frame (measurement type 18)...............544
8.5.3.11 Measurement of a 1-, 2- and 3-dimensional setpoint selection (measurement type 19,
20, 21)..................................................................................................................................547
8.5.3.12 Measuring a measuring point in any coordinate system (measurement type 24)................551
8.5.3.13 Measurement of a rectangle (measurement type 25)..........................................................555
8.5.3.14 Measurement for saving data management frames (measurement type 26)......................556
8.5.3.15 Measurement for restoring backed-up data management frames (measurement type 27)....557
8.5.3.16 Measurement for defining an additive rotation for taper turning (measurement type 28) ....558
Extended Functions
Table of contents
8.5.4 Tool measuring....................................................................................................................559

8.5.5 Types of workpiece measurement.......................................................................................559
8.5.5.1 Measurement of tool lengths (measurement type 10)..........................................................559
8.5.5.2 Measurement of tool diameter (measurement type 11).......................................................562
8.5.5.3 Measurement of tool lengths with zoom-in function (measurement type 22).......................563
8.5.5.4 Measuring a tool length with stored or current position (measurement type 23).................564
8.5.5.5 Measurement of a tool length of two tools with the following orientation:............................565
8.6 Measurement accuracy and functional testing.....................................................................577
8.6.1 Measurement accuracy........................................................................................................577
8.6.2 Probe function test...............................................................................................................577
8.7 Simulated measuring...........................................................................................................578
8.7.1 General functionality............................................................................................................578
8.7.2 Position-related switch request............................................................................................579
8.7.3 External switch request........................................................................................................580
8.7.4 System variable....................................................................................................................581
8.8 Channels - only 840D sl.......................................................................................................582
8.8.1 Measuring mode 1...............................................................................................................582
8.8.2 Measuring mode 2...............................................................................................................583
8.8.3 Continuous measurement....................................................................................................583
8.8.4 Functional test and repeat accuracy....................................................................................584
8.9 Data lists..............................................................................................................................586
8.9.1 Machine data........................................................................................................................586
9 N3: Software cams, position switching cycles - only 840D sl...................................................................589
9.1 Brief Description...................................................................................................................589
9.2 Cam signals and cam positions...........................................................................................590
9.2.1 Generation of cam signals for separate output....................................................................590
9.2.2 Generation of cam signals with gated output.......................................................................594
9.2.3 Cam positions......................................................................................................................598
9.2.4 Lead/delay times (dynamic cam).........................................................................................600
9.3 Output of cam signals..........................................................................................................601
9.3.1 Activating..............................................................................................................................601
9.3.2 Output of cam signals to PLC..............................................................................................602
9.3.3 Output of cam signals to NCK I/Os in position control cycle................................................602
9.3.4 Timer-controlled cam signal output......................................................................................604
9.3.5 Independent, timer-controlled output of cam signals...........................................................605
9.4 Position-time cams...............................................................................................................606
9.5 Supplementary Conditions...................................................................................................607
9.6 Data lists..............................................................................................................................608
9.6.1 Machine data........................................................................................................................608
9.6.2 Setting data..........................................................................................................................608
9.6.3 Signals.................................................................................................................................609
Extended Functions
Table of contents

10 N4: Own channel - only 840D sl...............................................................................................................611
10.2 Stroke control.......................................................................................................................611
10.2.2 High-speed signals...............................................................................................................612
10.2.3 Criteria for stroke initiation...................................................................................................613
10.2.4 Axis start after punching.......................................................................................................616
10.2.5 PLC signals specific to punching and nibbling.....................................................................617
10.2.6 Punching and nibbling-specific reactions to standard PLC signals......................................617
10.2.7 Signal monitoring.................................................................................................................618
10.3 Activation and deactivation..................................................................................................618
10.3.1 Language commands...........................................................................................................618
10.3.2 Functional expansions.........................................................................................................622
10.3.3 Compatibility with earlier systems........................................................................................626
10.4 Automatic path segmentation...............................................................................................628
10.4.2 Operating characteristics with path axes.............................................................................630
10.4.3 Response in connection with single axes............................................................................634
10.5 Rotatable tool.......................................................................................................................639
10.5.2 Coupled motion of punch and die........................................................................................640
10.5.3 Tangential control.................................................................................................................641
10.6 Protection zones..................................................................................................................644
10.7 Supplementary conditions....................................................................................................644
10.8 Examples.............................................................................................................................645
10.8.1 Examples of defined start of nibbling operation...................................................................645
10.9 Data lists..............................................................................................................................650
10.9.1 Machine data........................................................................................................................650
10.9.2 Setting data..........................................................................................................................651
10.9.3 Signals.................................................................................................................................651
10.9.4 Language commands...........................................................................................................651
11 P2: Positioning axes.................................................................................................................................653
11.1 Product brief.........................................................................................................................653
11.2 Own channel, positioning axis or concurrent positioning axis..............................................655
11.2.1 Own channel........................................................................................................................655
11.2.2 Positioning axis....................................................................................................................656
11.2.3 Concurrent positioning axis..................................................................................................659
11.3 Motion behavior and interpolation functions.........................................................................660
11.3.1 Path interpolator and axis interpolator.................................................................................660
Extended Functions
Table of contents
11.3.2 Interpolation response of path axis in G0.............................................................................660

11.3.3 Autonomous singleaxis operations......................................................................................663
11.3.4 Autonomous single-axis functions with NC-controlled ESR.................................................667
11.4 Positioning axis dynamic response......................................................................................669
11.5 Programming........................................................................................................................671
11.5.1 General................................................................................................................................671
11.5.2 Revolutional feed rate in external programming..................................................................673
11.6 Block change........................................................................................................................674
11.6.1 Settable block change time..................................................................................................676
11.6.2 End of motion criterion with block search.............................................................................681
11.7 Control by the PLC...............................................................................................................682
11.7.1 Starting concurrent positioning axes from the PLC..............................................................684
11.7.2 PLC-controlled axes.............................................................................................................684
11.7.3 Control response of PLC-controlled axes............................................................................686
11.8 Response with special functions..........................................................................................687
11.8.1 Dry run (DRY RUN)..............................................................................................................687
11.8.2 Single block..........................................................................................................................687
11.9 Examples.............................................................................................................................688
11.9.1 Motion behavior and interpolation functions.........................................................................688
11.9.1.1 Traversing path axes without interpolation with G0.............................................................689
11.10 Data lists..............................................................................................................................689
11.10.1 Machine data........................................................................................................................689
11.10.1.1 NC-specific machine data....................................................................................................689
11.10.2 Setting data..........................................................................................................................690
11.10.3 Signals.................................................................................................................................690
12 P5: Oscillation...........................................................................................................................................693
12.2 Asynchronous oscillation......................................................................................................694
12.2.1 Influences on asynchronous oscillation................................................................................695
12.2.2 Asynchronous oscillation under PLC control........................................................................701
12.2.3 Special reactions during asynchronous oscillation...............................................................701
12.3 Oscillation controlled by synchronized actions.....................................................................704
12.3.1 Infeed at reversal point 1 or 2..............................................................................................707
12.3.2 Infeed in reversal point range...............................................................................................708
12.3.3 Infeed at both reversal points...............................................................................................709
12.3.4 Stop oscillation movement at the reversal point...................................................................710
12.3.5 Oscillation movement restarting...........................................................................................711
12.3.6 Do not start partial infeed too early......................................................................................712
12.3.7 Assignment of oscillation and infeed axes OSCILL.............................................................713
12.3.8 Definition of infeeds POSP...................................................................................................713
Extended Functions
Table of contents
12.3.9 External oscillation reversal.................................................................................................714

12.4 Marginal conditions..............................................................................................................715
12.5 Examples.............................................................................................................................715
12.5.1 Example of asynchronous oscillation...................................................................................715
12.5.2 Example 1 of oscillation with synchronized actions.............................................................717
12.5.3 Example 2 of oscillation with synchronized actions.............................................................719
12.5.4 Examples for starting position..............................................................................................721
12.5.4.1 Define starting position via language command..................................................................721
12.5.4.2 Start oscillation via setting data............................................................................................722
12.5.4.3 Non-modal oscillation (starting position = reversal point 1)..................................................723
12.5.5 Example of external oscillation reversal...............................................................................725
12.5.5.1 Change reversal position via synchronized action with "external oscillation reversal".........725
12.6 Data lists..............................................................................................................................726
12.6.1 Machine data........................................................................................................................726
12.6.2 Setting data..........................................................................................................................726
12.6.3 Signals.................................................................................................................................726
12.6.4.1 Main run variables for motion-synchronous actions.............................................................727
13 R2: Rotary axes........................................................................................................................................731
13.2 Modulo 360 degrees............................................................................................................733
13.3 Programming rotary axes.....................................................................................................737
13.3.2 Rotary axis with modulo conversion (continuously-turning rotary axis)...............................738
13.3.3 Rotary axis without modulo conversion................................................................................741
13.3.4 Other programming features relating to rotary axes............................................................743
13.4 Activating rotary axes...........................................................................................................743
13.5 Special features of rotary axes.............................................................................................745
13.6 Examples.............................................................................................................................746
13.7 Data lists..............................................................................................................................746
13.7.1 Machine data........................................................................................................................746
13.7.2 Setting data..........................................................................................................................747
13.7.3 Signals.................................................................................................................................747
14 S3: Synchronous spindle..........................................................................................................................749
14.1.1 Function...............................................................................................................................749
Extended Functions
Table of contents
14.1.2 Synchronous mode..............................................................................................................751

14.1.3 Prerequisites for synchronous mode....................................................................................757
14.1.4 Selecting synchronous mode for a part program.................................................................758
14.1.5 Deselecting the synchronous mode for the part program....................................................760
14.1.6 Controlling synchronous spindle coupling via PLC..............................................................761
14.1.7 Monitoring of synchronous operation...................................................................................764
14.2 Programming........................................................................................................................766
14.2.1 Definition (COUPDEF).........................................................................................................767
14.2.2 Switch the coupling (COUPON, COUPONC, COUPOF) on and off....................................770
14.2.3 Axial system variables for synchronous spindle...................................................................771
14.2.4 Automatic selection and deselection of position control.......................................................772
14.3 Configuration........................................................................................................................773
14.3.1 Response of the synchronous-spindle coupling for NC Start...............................................774
14.3.2 Behavior of the synchronous-spindle coupling for reset......................................................775
14.4 Points to note.......................................................................................................................775
14.4.1 Special features of synchronous mode in general...............................................................775
14.4.2 Restore synchronism of following spindle............................................................................777
14.4.3 Synchronous mode and NC/PLC interface signals..............................................................779
14.4.4 Differential speed between leading and following spindles..................................................783
14.4.5 Behavior of synchronism signals during synchronism correction.........................................788
14.4.6 Delete synchronism correction and NC reset.......................................................................788
14.4.7 Special points regarding start-up of a synchronous spindle coupling..................................788
14.5 Boundary conditions.............................................................................................................793
14.6 Examples.............................................................................................................................793
14.7 Data lists..............................................................................................................................794
14.7.1 Machine data........................................................................................................................794
14.7.1.1 NC-specific machine data....................................................................................................794
14.7.2 Setting data..........................................................................................................................795
14.7.3 Signals.................................................................................................................................796
15 S7: Memory configuration.........................................................................................................................799
15.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................799
15.2 Active and passive file system.............................................................................................799
15.3 Commissioning.....................................................................................................................801
15.3.1 Configuration........................................................................................................................801
15.3.2 Reconfiguration....................................................................................................................801
15.4 Configuration of the static user memory..............................................................................802
15.4.1 Division of the static NC memory.........................................................................................802
15.4.2 Commissioning.....................................................................................................................805
Extended Functions
Table of contents
15.5 Configuration of the dynamic user memory.........................................................................805

15.5.1 Division of the dynamic NC memory....................................................................................805
15.5.2 Commissioning.....................................................................................................................807
15.6 Data lists..............................................................................................................................808
15.6.1 Machine data........................................................................................................................808
16 T1: Indexing axes.....................................................................................................................................815
16.2 Detailed description..............................................................................................................815
16.2.1 Traversing of indexing axes in the AUTOMATIC mode.......................................................815
16.2.2 Traversing of indexing axes in the JOG mode.....................................................................815
16.2.3 Traversing of indexing axes by PLC....................................................................................817
16.3 Commissioning.....................................................................................................................818
16.3.1 Machine data........................................................................................................................818
16.3.1.1 Axis-specific machine data...................................................................................................818
16.3.2.1 Axis-specific system variables.............................................................................................822
16.4 Programming........................................................................................................................823
16.5 Equidistant index intervals...................................................................................................826
16.5.1 Features...............................................................................................................................826
16.5.2 Hirth axis..............................................................................................................................828
16.6 Supplementary conditions....................................................................................................829
16.7 Examples.............................................................................................................................831
16.8 Data lists..............................................................................................................................835
16.8.1 Machine data........................................................................................................................835
16.8.2 Setting data..........................................................................................................................836
16.8.3 Signals.................................................................................................................................836
17 W3: Tool change......................................................................................................................................837
17.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................837
17.2 Tool magazines and tool change equipments......................................................................837
17.3 Tool change times................................................................................................................837
17.4 Cut-to-cut time......................................................................................................................838
17.5 Starting the tool change.......................................................................................................838
17.6 Tool change point.................................................................................................................839
17.7 Supplementary Conditions...................................................................................................839
Extended Functions
Table of contents
17.8 Examples.............................................................................................................................839
17.9 Data lists..............................................................................................................................842
17.9.1 Machine data........................................................................................................................842
17.9.1.3 Axis-/spindlespecific machine data......................................................................................842
17.9.2 Signals.................................................................................................................................842
18 W4: Grinding-specific tool offset and tool monitoring...............................................................................843
18.1 Grinding-specific tool data....................................................................................................843
18.1.1 Structure of tool data............................................................................................................843
18.1.2 Cutting edge-specific parameters........................................................................................844
18.1.2.1 List of cutting edge-specific parameters...............................................................................844
18.1.2.2 $TC_DP1..............................................................................................................................846
18.1.2.3 Definition of additional parameters $TC_DPC1 ... 10..........................................................846
18.1.3 Tool-specific parameters......................................................................................................847
18.1.3.1 List of tool-specific parameters............................................................................................847
18.1.3.2 $TC_TPG1...........................................................................................................................848
18.1.3.3 $TC_TPG2...........................................................................................................................848
18.1.3.4 $TC_TPG3, $TC_TPG4.......................................................................................................850
18.1.3.5 $TC_TPG5...........................................................................................................................850
18.1.3.6 $TC_TPG6 and $TC_TPG7.................................................................................................850
18.1.3.7 $TC_TPG8...........................................................................................................................850
18.1.3.8 $TC_TPG9...........................................................................................................................851
18.1.3.9 Definition of additional parameters $TC_TPC1 ... 10...........................................................851
18.1.3.10 Access to tool-specific parameters......................................................................................852
18.1.4 Planes and axis assignments...............................................................................................852
18.1.5 Examples.............................................................................................................................853
18.2 Online tool offset..................................................................................................................856
18.2.1 Function...............................................................................................................................856
18.2.2 Programming........................................................................................................................857
18.2.2.1 Defining a polynomial function (FCTDEF)............................................................................857
18.2.2.2 Write online tool offset continuously (PUTFTOCF)..............................................................859
18.2.2.3 Write online tool offset, discrete (PUTFTOC).......................................................................860
18.2.2.4 Activate/deactivate online tool offset (FTOCON/FTOCOF).................................................860
18.2.4 Examples.............................................................................................................................863
18.2.4.1 Example: Write online tool offset continuously.....................................................................863
18.3 Online tool radius compensation..........................................................................................865
18.4 Grinding-specific tool monitoring..........................................................................................866
18.4.1 Function...............................................................................................................................866
18.4.3 Programming........................................................................................................................868
18.4.3.1 Activate/deactivate grinding-specific tool monitoring (TMON, TMOF).................................868
18.5 Constant grinding wheel peripheral speed (GWPS)............................................................869
18.5.1 Function...............................................................................................................................869
18.5.3 Programming........................................................................................................................871
Extended Functions
Table of contents
18.5.3.1 Switching constant grinding wheel peripheral speed (GWPSON, GWPSOF) on/off:..........871
18.5.4 Example...............................................................................................................................872
18.6 Data lists..............................................................................................................................873
18.6.1 Machine data........................................................................................................................873
18.6.2 Signals.................................................................................................................................874
19 Z2: NC/PLC interface signals...................................................................................................................875
19.1 Digital and analog NCK I/Os (A4)........................................................................................875
19.1.1 Signals to NC (DB10)...........................................................................................................875
19.1.2 Signals from NC (DB10).......................................................................................................882
19.2 Distributed systems (B3)......................................................................................................885
19.2.1 Defined logical functions/defines..........................................................................................885
19.2.2 Interfaces in DB19 for M:N...................................................................................................888
19.2.4 Signals from axis/spindle (DB31, ...)....................................................................................895
19.3 Manual and Handwheel Travel (H1)....................................................................................896
19.3.2 Signals to channel (DB21, ...)..............................................................................................899
19.3.3 Signals from channel (DB21, ...)..........................................................................................905
19.3.4 Signals with contour handwheel...........................................................................................913
19.3.5 Signals to axis/spindle (DB31, ...)........................................................................................915
19.4 Compensations (K3)............................................................................................................923
19.5 Mode Groups, Channels, Axis Replacement (K5)...............................................................923
19.6 Kinematic Transformation (M1)............................................................................................924
19.7 Measurement (M5)...............................................................................................................925
19.8 Software cams, position switching signals (N3)...................................................................926
19.8.1 Signal overview....................................................................................................................926
19.9 Punching and Nibbling (N4).................................................................................................929
19.9.1 Signal overview....................................................................................................................929
19.9.2 Signals to channel (DB21, ...)..............................................................................................929
19.10 Positioning axes (P2)...........................................................................................................931
19.10.2 Function call - only 840D sl..................................................................................................935
Extended Functions
Table of contents
19.11 Oscillation (P5).....................................................................................................................935

19.12 Rotary axes (R2)..................................................................................................................938
19.13 Synchronous Spindles (S3)..................................................................................................939
19.14 Memory Configuration (S7)..................................................................................................942
19.15 Indexing Axes (T1)...............................................................................................................943
19.16 Tool Change (W3)................................................................................................................944
19.17 Grinding-specific tool offset and tool monitoring (W4).........................................................944
A Appendix...................................................................................................................................................945
A.1 List of abbreviations.............................................................................................................945
A.2 Overview..............................................................................................................................954
Glossary...................................................................................................................................................955
Index.........................................................................................................................................................977
Extended Functions
Fundamental safety instructions 1
1.1 General safety instructions
WARNING
Risk of death if the safety instructions and remaining risks are not carefully observed
If the safety instructions and residual risks are not observed in the associated hardware
documentation, accidents involving severe injuries or death can occur.
● Observe the safety instructions given in the hardware documentation.
● Consider the residual risks for the risk evaluation.
WARNING
Danger to life or malfunctions of the machine as a result of incorrect or changed
parameterization
As a result of incorrect or changed parameterization, machines can malfunction, which in turn
can lead to injuries or death.
● Protect the parameterization (parameter assignments) against unauthorized access.
● Respond to possible malfunctions by applying suitable measures (e.g. EMERGENCY
STOP or EMERGENCY OFF).
1.2 Industrial security
Note
Industrial security
Siemens provides products and solutions with industrial security functions that support the
secure operation of plants, solutions, machines, equipment and/or networks. They are
important components in a holistic industrial security concept. With this in mind, Siemens’
products and solutions undergo continuous development. Siemens recommends strongly that
you regularly check for product updates.
For the secure operation of Siemens products and solutions, it is necessary to take suitable
preventive action (e.g. cell protection concept) and integrate each component into a holistic,
state-of-the-art industrial security concept. Third-party products that may be in use should also
be considered. For more information about industrial security, visit this address (http://
www.siemens.com/industrialsecurity).
To stay informed about product updates as they occur, sign up for a product-specific
newsletter. For more information, visit this address (http://support.automation.siemens.com).
Extended Functions
Fundamental safety instructions
1.2 Industrial security
WARNING
Danger as a result of unsafe operating states resulting from software manipulation
Software manipulation (e.g. by viruses, Trojan horses, malware, worms) can cause unsafe
operating states to develop in your installation which can result in death, severe injuries and/
or material damage.
● Keep the software up to date.
You will find relevant information and newsletters at this address (http://
support.automation.siemens.com).
● Incorporate the automation and drive components into a holistic, state-of-the-art industrial
security concept for the installation or machine.
You will find further information at this address (http://www.siemens.com/
industrialsecurity).
● Make sure that you include all installed products into the holistic industrial security concept.
Extended Functions
A4: Digital and analog NC I/O for SINUMERIK 840D sl 2
2.1 Introduction
Functions
I/O modules can be connected to a SINUMERIK 840D sl via PROFIBUS or PROFINET.
Normally, the PLC user program uses the appropriate digital or analog inputs and outputs for
access. The "Digital and analog NC I/O for SINUMERIK 840D sl" function enables access to
the inputs/outputs of the I/O modules via system variables of compile cycles directly from the
NC (part programs, synchronized actions and compile cycles). This I/O is referred to as the
NC I/O in the following.
Three different functions are available for compatibility reasons:
1. Direct I/O access without PLC (Page 59)
Avoiding the PLC, the control internal images of the inputs/outputs of the I/O modules can
be accessed directly from the NC.
This is currently the function with the highest performance with regard to the quantity
structure and response time.
2. Direct I/O access via PLC (Page 54)
The read and write requests of the inputs/outputs of the I/O modules are written from the
NC via the interface to the PLC. An interrupt is then triggered on the PLC. The requests
from the PLC are processed as part of the interrupt processing.
From the quantity structure, the function is equivalent to that described above. However,
the response time is not as good.
3. Indirect I/O access via PLC (Page 30)
The read and write requests of the inputs/outputs of the I/O modules are written from the
NC via the interface to the PLC. The requests are processed cyclically in the OB1 cycle.
This function has the lowest performance with regard to the quantity structure and response
time.
Requirements
● The PROFIBUS/PROFINET I/O modules of the NC I/O must be connected and ready to
use.
● The HW configuration of the PROFIBUS/PROFINET I/O modules of the NC I/O has been
performed with the SIMATIC S7 Manager or HW Config and loaded to the PLC.
Extended Functions
A4: Digital and analog NC I/O for SINUMERIK 840D sl
2.2 Indirect I/O access via PLC
Monitoring
The following monitoring functions are active for the NC I/Os:
● Ramp-up:
– Check for consistency of the I/Os detected on the PLC and the NC I/O parameterized
in the machine data.
● Cyclic operation:
– Sign-of-life monitoring in interpolation cycles
– Module monitoring in interpolation cycles
– Temperature monitoring
In the event of an error, the DB10.DBX104.7 "NC ready" signal is reset and an alarm is
displayed.
Response to faults
The digital and analog outputs of the NC I/O are switched to a safe status (0 V) in the event
of faults (e.g. NC ready = 0), for errors in the NCU or power failures.
Application
The NC I/O is used, for example, by the following NC functions:
● Several feedrate values or auxiliary functions in one block
● Rapid retraction on final dimension
● Axis-specific delete distance-to-go
● Program branches
● Rapid NC Start
● Analog calipers
● Position switching signals
● Punching/nibbling functions
● Analog-value control
2.2.1 Brief description

There are three I/O interfaces (X122, X132 and X142) on the SINUMERIK 840D sl NCU.
Four digital inputs and outputs of the X142 interface are available as so-called fast NC I/O.
They can be read or written via the first address byte and via the $A_IN[1...4] and $A_OUT[1...4]
system variables.
Extended Functions
I/O modules can also be connected to the PROFIBUS DP/MPI interfaces X126 and X136. This
enables the number of digital and analog NC inputs/outputs to be expanded by 32 digital and
8 analog inputs and outputs respectively. These NC inputs/outputs are called external NC I/
Os in the following.
Table 2-1 Maximum number of digital and analog NC I/Os
Onboard NC I/O Total

Digital inputs 4 32 36
Digital outputs 4 32 36
Analog inputs - 8 8
Analog outputs - 8 8
References
For detailed information about the hardware, refer to:
● SINUMERIK 840D sl NCU Manual
● SIMATIC ET 200S FC Operating Instructions
See also
Direct I/O access via PLC (Page 54)
2.2.2 Parameterization
Machine data
Number of active NC I/Os

The number of active or from the NC usable digital NC I/O bytes are set in the following machine
data:
● Number of digital NC input bytes
MD10350 $MN_FASTIO_DIG_NUM_INPUTS = <number>
● Number of digital NC output bytes
MD10360 $MN_FASTIO_DIG_NUM_OUTPUTS = <number>
The number of active or from the NC usable analog I/Os are set in the following machine data:
● Number of analog NC inputs
MD10300 $MN_FASTIO_ANA_NUM_INPUTS = <number>
● Number of the analog NC outputs
MD10310 $MN_FASTIO_ANA_NUM_OUTPUTS = <number>
The I/Os do not have to actually exist in the hardware. In this case, the signal states or the
analog values are set to "zero" in a defined way inside the NC.
The values present at the I/O inputs can be changed from the PLC user program before they
are read by the NC.
Extended Functions
Slot addresses
Addressing of the digital I/Os:
● HW assignment for external digital inputs
MD10366 $MN_HW_ASSIGN_DIG_FASTIN[ <n> ] = <addressH>
● HW assignment for external digital outputs
MD10368 $MN_HW_ASSIGN_DIG_FASTOUT[ <n> ] = <addressH>
Addressing of the analog I/Os:
● HW assignment for external analog inputs
MD10362 $MN_HW_ASSIGN_ANA_FASTIN[ <n> ] = <addressH>
● HW assignment for external analog outputs
MD10364 $MN_HW_ASSIGN_ANA_FASTOUT[ <n> ] = <addressH>
<n>: Index for addressing the external digital I/O bytes (0 ... 3) or the external ana‐
log I/Os (0 ... 7)
<address>: Slot address of the PROFIBUS/PROFINET module with 05 00 xxxx
05 Identifier for PROFIBUS/PROFINET module
00 Permanently assigned
xxxxH Hexadecimal logical start address of the slot
0000 = no active slot
The following must be taken into account for logical start addresses
within the PLC process image (see References):
● Input slots: Reading from the NC also possible
● Output slots: Writing from the NC not permitted ⇒ alarm after run-
up of the NC
References
NCU 7x0.3 PN, NCU 7x0.3B PN Manual, Section "Technical data" >
Subsection "PLC" > "Process image size"
Detailed information can be found at Address (http://
support.automation.siemens.com/WW/view/de/54058408)
Weighting factors for analog inputs/outputs

The weighting factor can be used to adapt each individual analog NC I/O to the AD or DA
converter of the analog I/O module used:
● Weighting factor for the analog NC inputs (see "Analog inputs (Page 41)"):
MD10320 $MN_FASTIO_ANA_INPUT_WEIGHT[<n>]
● Weighting factor for the analog NC outputs (see "Analog outputs (Page 44)"):
MD10330 $MN_FASTIO_ANA_OUTPUT_WEIGHT[<n>]
<n>: Index for addressing the external analog I/Os (0 ... 7)
Assignment to NC functions
The I/Os are required by several NC functions. The assignment of the I/Os used is performed
function-specifically via machine data, e.g. for the "Multiple feedrates in one block" function
via the machine data:
Extended Functions
MD21220 $MC_MULTFEED_ASSIGN_FASTIN = <byte address>
<byte address> Digital NC I/Os

0 None
1 1 ... 4 Onboard I/O
5 ... 8 NC output without hardware
2 9 ... 16 External NC I/O
128 Inputs 1 to 8 of comparator byte 1
129 Inputs 9 to 16 of comparator byte 2
Note
Multiple assignments
Multiple assignments of inputs are not considered to be incorrect parameterization.
Multiple assignments of outputs are considered to be incorrect parameterization, are checked
during run-up and indicated by an alarm.
Example: Hardware assignment of external I/Os

Two input bytes and one output byte are parameterized for the reading/writing of digital I/Os
of a PROFIBUS module.
Number of active NC I/O bytes
MD10350 $MN_FASTIO_DIG_NUM_INPUTS ; 2 digital input bytes + 1 onboard byte

=2+1=3
MD10360 $MN_FASTIO_DIG_NUM_OUT‐ ; 1 digital output byte + 1 onboard byte
PUTS = 1 + 1 = 2
Hardware assignment
MD10366 $MN_HW_ASSIGN_DIG_FAS‐ ; $A_IN[ 9 ] ... [ 16 ] from 1st I/O input byte

TIN[ 0 ] = 'H5000200'
MD10366 $MN_HW_ASSIGN_DIG_FAS‐ ; $A_IN[ 17 ] ... [ 24 ] from 2nd I/O input byte
TIN[ 1 ] = 'H5000201'
MD10368 $MN_HW_ASSIGN_DIG_FAST‐ ; $A_OUT[ 9 ] ... [ 16 ] to 1st I/O output byte
OUT[ 0 ] = 'H5000200'
The hexadecimal addresses 200H and 201H entered in the machine data correspond to those
assigned during the configuration in the SIMATIC S7 Manager, decimal logical start addresses
512D and 513D
Extended Functions
2.2.3 System variables

Input data
System variable Index or input number <n>

$A_IN[ <n> ] 1 ... 4 and 9 ... 40, see Digital inputs (Page 34)
$A_INA [<n>] 1 ... 8, see Analog inputs (Page 41)
A preprocessing stop is triggered in the channel when reading input data from a part program.
Output data
System variable Index or output number <n>

$A_OUT [<n>] 1 ... 4 and 9 ... 40, see Digital outputs (Page 36)
$A_OUTA [<n>] 1 ... 8, see Analog outputs (Page 44)
A preprocessing stop is triggered in the channel when reading output data from a part program.
2.2.4 Comparator inputs

In addition to the I/O inputs, 16 control-internal comparator inputs are available.
The current signal state of a comparator input results from the comparison of an analog I/O
input with a threshold value specified in the setting data.
See "Comparator inputs (Page 49)".
2.2.5 Digital NC I/Os
2.2.5.1 Digital inputs
Function
The workpiece-machining program sequence can be controlled by external signals via digital
NC inputs.
The signal state of digital input <n> can be scanned directly in the part program using system
variable $A_IN [<n>].
The signal state at the hardware input can be changed from the PLC user program.
Applications
Digital NC inputs are used, for example, for the following NC functions:
● Delete distance-to-go with positioning axes
● Fast program branching at the end of block
Extended Functions
● Programmed read-in disable

● Several feedrates in one block
References:
Function Manual, Synchronized Actions
Signal flow
The following figure illustrates the signal flow for the digital NC inputs.
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Read actual value

The signal state of the digital NC inputs is sent to the PLC:
DB10, DBB60 or DBB186 ... (actual value of the digital NC inputs)
Extended Functions
The actual value reflects the actual state of the signal at the hardware input. The influence of
the PLC is ignored for the "actual value".
Disable input
Digital NC inputs can be disabled individually from the PLC user program:
DB10 DBB0 or DBB122 ... (disable of the digital NC inputs)
In this case, they are set to a defined "0" inside the control.
Set input from PLC

The PLC can also set each digital input to a defined "1" signal:
DB10 DBB1 or DBB123 ... (setting of the digital NC inputs from the PLC)
As soon as this interface signal is set to "1", the signal state at the hardware input or the input
disable is inactive.
Behavior during POWER ON / reset

After POWER ON and reset, the signal level at the respective input is passed on. If necessary,
the PLC user program can disable or set the individual inputs to a defined "1" as described
above.
2.2.5.2 Digital outputs
Function
Time-critical switching operations can be triggered very quickly via the digital NC outputs,
bypassing the PLC cycle times for the relevant machining and program-controlled (e.g. with
the block change).
The signal state of digital output <n> can be set or read again directly in the part program using
system variable $A_OUT[<n>].
There are also several ways of changing this set signal state via the PLC.
Applications
Digital NC outputs are used, for example, for the following NC functions:
● Position switching signals (see Section "N3: Software cams, position switching cycles - only
840D sl (Page 589)")
● Output of comparator signals
Extended Functions
Signal flow
The following figure illustrates the signal flow for the digital NC outputs.
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Overwrite mask
Every output that can be set by the NC part program can be overwritten from the PLC using
the overwrite mask. The previous "NC value" is lost.
The following sequence has to be carried out to overwrite the NC value from the PLC:
1. The relevant PLC interface output has to be set to the required signal status.
DB10 DBB6 or DBB132 ... (setting value of the digital NC outputs from the PLC)
2. The "setting value" becomes the new "NC value" when the overwrite mask for the relevant
output is activated (edge change 0 → 1).
DB10 DBB5 or DBB131 ...
This value remains operative until a new value is programmed (from the PLC or from the
part program).
Extended Functions
Setting mask
A PLC setting for each output can determine whether the current "NC value" (e.g. as specified
by the NC part program) or the "PLC value" specified via the setting mask should be output at
the hardware output.
The following sequence has to be carried out to define the "PLC value":
1. The relevant PLC interface output has to be set to the required signal status.
DB10 DBB6 or DBB132 ... (setting value of the digital NC outputs from the PLC)
2. The setting mask must be set to "1" for the relevant output:
DB10 DBB7 or DBB133 ... (setting mask of the digital NC outputs)
Unlike the overwrite mask, the NC value is not lost when a value is set in the setting mask. As
soon as the PLC sets "0" in the corresponding setting mask, the NC value becomes active
again.
Note
The same setting value is used at the PLC interface for the overwrite and setting masks.
Therefore, an identical output signal state is the result if the signal state is changed
simultaneously in the overwrite and setting masks.
Disable output
Digital NC outputs can be disabled individually from the PLC user program:
DB10 DBB4 or DBB130 ... (disable of the digital NC outputs)
In this case, the "0" signal is output at the hardware output.
Read setpoint
The current "NC value" of the digital outputs can be read from the PLC user program:
DB10, DBB64 or DBB186 ... (setpoint of the digital NC outputs)
Please note that this setpoint ignores disabling and the PLC setting mask. Therefore, the
setpoint can differ from the actual signal state at the hardware output.
Behavior at program end / reset

At the end of the program or on reset, a specific default value can be assigned by the PLC
user program to every digital output in accordance with requirements, using the overwrite
mask, setting mask or disable signal.
Response to POWER ON
After POWER ON, the digital outputs are set to "0" in a defined manner. This can be overwritten
from the PLC user program according to the specific application using the overwrite or setting
mask.
Extended Functions
Digital NC outputs without hardware

If digital NC outputs, as defined via MD10360, are written by the part program, but are not
available as hardware, no alarm is output. The NC value can be read by the PLC (DB10 DBB64
or DBB186 ... ).
2.2.5.3 Connection and logic operations of fast digital I/Os
Function
Fast NC I/O inputs can be set via the software depending on the fast-output signal states.
Overview:
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The NC I/O fast input is set to the signal state of the assigned fast output.
OR operation
The NC I/O fast input adopts the signal state as a result of the ORing of the output signal with
the assigned input signal.
AND operation
The NC I/O fast input adopts the signal state as a result of the ANDing of the output signal
with the assigned input signal.
Extended Functions
Special cases
● If several output bits are assigned to the same input bit, then the one with the highest MD
index becomes effective.
● If inputs or outputs are specified which do not exist or are not activated, then the assignment
is ignored without an alarm. Checking of the active bytes of the NC I/Os is performed via
the entries in machine data:
MD10350 $MN_FASTIO_DIG_NUM_INPUTS
MD10360 $MN_FASTIO_DIG_NUM_OUTPUTS
Defining assignments
The assignments are specified via machine data:
MD10361 $MN_FASTIO_DIG_SHORT_CIRCUIT[n]
n: can accept values 0 to 9, so up to 10 assignments can be specified.
Two hexadecimal characters are provided for specifying the byte and bit of an output and an
input.
Specifying 0, A and B in input bits 12 - 15 results in the following logic operations:
0 Connecting
A AND operation
B OR operation
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Connect:
MD10361 $MN_FASTIO_DIG_SHORT_CIRCUIT = '04010302H'
Output 4, byte 1, connect to
Input 3, byte 2
AND operation:
MD10361 $MN_FASTIO_DIG_SHORT_CIRCUIT = '0705A201H'
Output 7, byte 5 AND operation with
Input 2, byte 1
OR operation:
Extended Functions
MD10361 $MN_FASTIO_DIG_SHORT_CIRCUIT = '0103B502H'

Output 1, byte 3 OR operation with
Input 5, byte 2
2.2.6 Analog NC I/Os
2.2.6.1 Analog inputs
Function
The value of the analog NC input [<n>] can be accessed directly in the part program using
system variable $A_INA[<n>].
The analog value at the hardware input can be controlled from the PLC user program.
Applications
The analog NC inputs are used particularly for grinding and laser machines, e.g. for the "analog
calipers" NC function.
Extended Functions
Signal flow
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Read actual value

The analog values that are actually present at the hardware inputs are sent to the PLC:
DB10 DBW194 ... 208 (actual value of the NC analog input)
The possible influence of the PLC is ignored for the "actual value".
Extended Functions
Disable input
Analog NC inputs can be disabled individually from the PLC user program:
DB10 DBB146 (disable of the analog NC inputs)
In this case, they are set to a defined "0" inside the control.
Set input from PLC

The PLC can also specify a value for each analog NC input:
DB10 DBB147 (analog value specification for NC from the PLC)
As soon as this interface signal is set to "1", the setting value set by the PLC becomes active
for the corresponding analog input.
DB10 DBW148-162 (setpoint from the PLC for the analog NC input)
The analog value at the hardware input or the input disable is then inactive.
Weighting factor
The weighting factor can be used to adapt each individual NC input to the various AD
converters (depending on the I/O module ) for reading in the part program:
MD10320 $MN_FASTIO_ANA_INPUT_WEIGHT[<n>]
In this machine data, it is necessary to enter the value x that is to be read in the part program
with the system variable $A_INA[<n>], if the corresponding analog input <n> is set to the
maximum value or if the value 32767 is set for this input via the PLC interface. The voltage
level at the analog input is then read with system variable $A_INA[<n>] as a numerical value
with the unit millivolts.
Note
Application for analog NC inputs without hardware:
With a weighting factor of 32767, the digitized analog values for part program and PLC access
are identical. In this way, it is possible to use the associated input word for 1:1 communication
between the part program and the PLC.
Binary analog-value display

See "Representation of the analog I/O values (Page 48)".
Behavior during POWER ON / reset

After POWER ON and reset, the analog value at the respective input is passed on. If necessary,
the PLC user program can disable or set the individual inputs to a setpoint.
Extended Functions
Analog NC input without hardware

The following value is read in the case of part program access to analog NC inputs that are
defined via MD10300, but are not available as hardware inputs:
● The setpoint specified from the PLC (if the IS "Analog value input for NC from the PLC" is
set to "1")
● 0 volts (if the IS "Analog value input for NC from the PLC" is not set)
This makes it possible to use the functionality of the analog NC inputs from the PLC user
program without I/O hardware.
2.2.6.2 Analog outputs
Function
Analog values to be output very quickly via the analog NC outputs, bypassing the PLC cycle
times.
The value of the analog output <n> can be defined directly in the part program using system
variable $A_OUTA[<n>].
Before output to the hardware I/Os, the analog value set by the NC can be changed by the
PLC.
Application
The analog NC outputs are used in particular for grinding and laser machines.
Extended Functions
Signal flow
The following figure illustrates the signal flow for the analog NC outputs.
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Extended Functions
Overwrite mask
Every NC analog value set by the part program can be overwritten from the PLC using the
overwrite mask. The previous "NC value" is lost.
The following sequence has to be carried out to overwrite the NC value from the PLC:
1. The relevant PLC interface output <n> has to be set to the required analog value.
DB10 DBW170 … (setpoint from the PLC for analog output <n> of the NC)
2. The "setpoint from the PLC" becomes the new "NC value" when the overwrite mask for the
relevant analog output is activated (edge change 0 → 1).
DB10 DBB166 (overwrite mask of analog NC outputs)
This value remains operative until a new value is programmed (from the PLC or from the part
program).
Setting mask
A PLC setting for each output can determine whether the current "NC value" (e.g. as specified
by the NC part program) or the "PLC value" specified via the setting mask should be output at
the hardware analog output.
The following sequence has to be carried out to define the "PLC value":
1. The relevant PLC interface output has to be set to the required analog value.
DB10 DBW170 … (setpoint from the PLC for analog output <n> of the NC)
2. The setting mask must be set to "1" for the relevant analog output:
DB10 DBB167 (setting mask of the analog NC outputs)
Unlike the overwrite mask, the NC value is not lost when a value is set in the setting mask. As
soon as the PLC sets "0" in the corresponding setting mask, the NC value becomes active
again.
Note
The same setpoint is used at the PLC interface for the overwrite and setting masks.
Disable output
Analog NC outputs can be disabled individually from the PLC user program:
DB10 DBB168 (disable of the analog NC outputs)
In this case, the "0" signal is output at the hardware output.
In this case, 0 volt is output at the analog output.
Read setpoint
The current "NC value" of the analog outputs can be read from the PLC user program:
DB10 DBW210 … (setpoint of analog output <n> of the NC)
Please note that this setpoint ignores disabling and the PLC setting mask. Therefore, the
setpoint can differ from the actual analog value at the hardware output.
Extended Functions
Weighting factor
The weighting factor can be used to adapt each individual NC output to the various DA
converters (depending on the I/O module) for programming in the part program:
MD10330 $MN_FASTIO_ANA_OUTPUT_WEIGHT[<n>]
In this machine data, it is necessary to enter the value x that is to cause the analog output <n>
to be set to the maximum value or the value 32767 to be set for this output in the PLC interface,
if $A_OUTA[n] = x is programmed. The value set with system variable $A_OUTA[<n>] then
generates the corresponding voltage value at the analog output in millivolts.
Example:
Analog-value range is 10 V (maximum modulation);
MD10330 $MN_FASTIO_ANA_OUTPUT_WEIGHT[<n>] = 10000 (default value)
$A_OUTA[1] = 9500; 9.5 V is output at analog NC output 1
$A_OUTA[3] = -4120; -4.12 V is output at analog NC output 3
Note
Application for analog NC outputs without hardware:
With a weighting factor of 32767, the digitized analog values for part program and PLC access
are identical. In this way, it is possible to use the associated output word for 1:1 communication
between the part program and the PLC.
Binary analog-value display

See "Representation of the analog I/O values (Page 48)".
Behavior at program end / reset

At the end of the program or on reset, a specific default value can be assigned by the PLC
user program to every analog output in accordance with requirements, using the overwrite
mask, setting mask or disable signal.
Response to POWER ON
After POWER ON, the analog outputs are set to "0" in a defined manner. This can be
overwritten from the PLC user program according to the specific application using the overwrite
or setting mask.
Analog NC outputs without hardware

If analog NC outputs, as defined via MD10310, are written by the part program, but are not
available as hardware, no alarm is output. The NC value can be read by the PLC (DB10
DBB210 …).
Extended Functions
2.2.6.3 Representation of the analog I/O values

The digitized analog values are represented at the NC/PLC interface as fixed-point numbers
(16 bits including sign) in the two's complement.
Bit number 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Signifi‐ SG 2 14
213
2 12
2 11
2 10
2 9
2 8
27
2 6
2 5
24
2 3
2 2
21
20
cance
SG: Sign
Minimum value Maximum value

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Increment
For a resolution of 16 bits and a nominal range of ±10 V, the increment is:
20 V / 216 = 20 V / 65536 ≈ 0.305 mV
Resolutions < 16 bits

If the resolution of an analog module is less than 16 bits including sign, then the digitized analog
value is entered in the interface starting from bit 14. The unused least significant bit positions
are filled with "0".
14-bit resolution
For a resolution of 14 bits including sign and a nominal range of ±10 V, the increment is:
20 V / 214 = 20 V / 16384 ≈ 1.22 mV
Bit 0 ... 1 are always "0".
12-bit resolution
For a resolution of 12 bits including sign and a nominal range of ±10 V, the increment is:
20 V / 212 = 20 V / 4096 ≈ 4.88 mV
Bit 0 ... 3 are always "0".
Representation of the maximum value for different resolutions
Bit number 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Significance of the bits SG 2 14
2 13
2
12
2 11
2
10
2 9
28
2 7
2 6
2 5
2 4
2 3
2 2
2 1
20
16-bit resolution: 32767D = 7FFFH 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
14-bit resolution: 8191D = 1FFFH 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
12-bit resolution: 2047D = 7FFH 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
Extended Functions
Note
The data (resolution, nominal range) of the analog input/output module used can be taken
from the documentation of the particular module.
Examples
Digital representation of analog values at a resolution of 14 bits including sign and a nominal
range of ±10 V.
Example 1: Analog value = 9.5 V
Digitized analog value (decimal): 9.5 V / 20 V * 16384 = 7782

Digitized analog value 14-bit (binary): 01 1110 0110 0110
Digitized analog value 16-bit (hex): 7998H
Example 2: Analog value = -4.12 V
Digitized analog value (decimal): -4.12 V / 20 V * 16384 = -3375

Digitized analog value 16-bit (hex): CB44 H
2.2.7 Comparator inputs
Function
Two internal comparator input bytes, each with eight comparator inputs, are available in
addition to the digital and analog NCK inputs. The signal state of the comparator inputs is
generated on the basis of a comparison between the analog values present at the fast analog
inputs and the threshold values parameterized in setting data.
The $A_INCO[<n>] system variable allows the signal state (i.e. the result of the comparison)
of comparator input [<n>] to be scanned directly in the part program.
Applies for index <n>:
<n> = 1 ... 8 For comparator byte 1

<n> = 9 ... 16 For comparator byte 2
Terms
In this description, the terms comparator inputs (with index <n>; value range of <n>: 1 ... 8 or
9 ... 16) and comparator input bits (with index <b>; value range of <b>: 0 ... 7) are used.
Extended Functions
They are related as follows:
For <n> = 1 ... 8: Comparator input <n> is equivalent to comparator input bit
<b> = <n> - 1.
For <n> = 9 ... 16: Comparator input <n> is equivalent to comparator input bit
<b> = <n> - 9.
Example: Comparator input 1 is equivalent to comparator input bit 0.
Assignment of the analog inputs

The following machine data is used to assign an analog input to input bit <b> of comparator
byte 1:
MD10530 $MN_COMPAR_ASSIGN_ANA_INPUT_1[<b>]
Example:
MD10530 $MN_COMPAR_ASSIGN_ANA_INPUT_1[0] = 1
Analog input 1 acts on input bits 0 and 1 of comparator byte 1.
Analog input 7 acts on input bit 7 of comparator byte 1.
The analog inputs for comparator byte 2 are assigned with the machine data:
MD10531 $MN_COMPAR_ASSIGN_ANA_INPUT_2[<b>]
Comparator settings
The settings for the individual bits (0 to 7) of comparator byte 1 or 2 are parameterized via the
machine data:
MD10540 $MN_COMPAR_TYPE_1 (parameter assignment for comparator byte 1)
or
MD10541 $MN_COMPAR_TYPE_2 (parameter assignment for comparator byte 2)
The following settings are possible:
● Comparison type mask (bits 0 … 7)
The type of comparison condition is defined for each comparator input bit:
Bit = 1: Associated comparator input bit is set to "1" if:

Analog value ≥ threshold value
Bit = 0: Associated comparator input bit is set to "0" if:
Analog value < threshold value
● Output of the comparator input byte via digital NCK outputs (bits 16 … 23)
The comparator bits can also be output directly via the digital NCK outputs byte-by-byte.
This requires specification in this byte (bits 16 … 23) of the digital NCK output byte to be
used.
Extended Functions
Byte = 0: No output via digital NCK outputs

Byte = 1: Output via digital on-board-NCK outputs 9 … 16
Byte = 2: Output via external digital NCK outputs 17 … 24
● Inversion mask for output of the comparator input byte (bits 24 … 31)
For every comparator signal it is also possible to define whether the signal state to be output
at the digital NCK output is to be inverted or not.
Bit = 1: Associated comparator input bit is not inverted.

Bit = 0: Associated comparator input bit is inverted.
Threshold values
The threshold values used for comparisons on comparator byte 1 or 2 must be stored as setting
data. A separate threshold value must be entered for each comparator input bit <b> (with <b>
= 0 … 7):
SD41600 $SN_COMPAR_THRESHOLD_1[<b>]
or
SD41601 $SN_COMPAR_THRESHOLD_2[<b>]
Comparator signals as digital NCK inputs

All NC functions that are processed as a function of digital NCK inputs can also be controlled
by the signal states of the comparators. The byte address for comparator byte 1 (HW byte 128)
or 2 (HW byte 129) must be entered in the machine data associated with the NC function
("Assignment of hardware byte used").
Example:
"Multiple feedrates in one block" NC function
Entry in channel-specific machine data:
MD21220 $MC_MULTFEED_ASSIGN_FASTIN = 129
This activates various feedrate values as a function of the status of comparator byte 2.
Extended Functions
Functional sequence
The functional sequence for comparator input byte 1 is represented schematically in the
following figure.
Extended Functions
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Extended Functions
2.3 Direct I/O access via PLC
Machine data
Length of the I/O ranges

● Number of PLC I/O input bytes that are read directly by the NC:
MD10394 $MN_PLCIO_NUM_BYTES_IN
● Number of PLC I/O output bytes that are written directly by the NC:
MD10396 $MN_PLCIO_NUM_BYTES_OUT
Logical start addresses

● Logical start address as of which the data is read from the PLC input I/O. The offset used
for the subsequent addressing, e.g. $A_PBB_IN[< offset >] refers to the start address
specified in the machine data:
MD10395 $MN_PLCIO_LOGIC_ADDRESS_IN
● Logical start address as of which the data is written to the PLC input I/O. The offset used
for the subsequent addressing, e.g. $A_PBB_OUT[< offset >] refers to the start address
specified in the machine data:
MD10397 $MN_PLCIO_LOGIC_ADDRESS_OUT
Update time
● Time within which the data that can be read by means of $A_PBx_IN is updated (see
Subsection "Transfer times" below).
MD10398 $MN_PLCIO_IN_UPDATE_TIME
Format display
● Format display of system variables $A_PBx_OUT and $A_PBx_IN (see Subsection
"Selection of the storage format (little/big endian)" below).
MD10399 $MN_PLCIO_TYPE_REPRESENTATION
Note
The logical PLC I/O addresses entered in the machine data and the number of bytes to be
transferred must be consistent with the PLC hardware configuration. In the configured areas,
there must not be any "address gaps" in the PLC I/O expanded configuration.
Extended Functions
Principle of the parameterization of the NC I/O in the input area
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Transfer times
● Transfer of the output data from the NC to the output modules
– The output data is transferred from the NC to the output modules at the end of the current
interpolator cycle.
– The transfer is only performed when at least one output data item has been written in
the current interpolator cycle.
● Transfer of the input data from the input modules to the NC
– Time within which the cyclic request for the update of the input data (input image of the
modules → NC input data) from the NC to the PLC is sent, can be set via the machine
data:
– MD10398 $MN_PLCIO_IN_UPDATE_TIME = <update time>
– The parameterized update time is rounded up internally to the next highest multiple of
an interpolator cycle. With update time = 0, the request is transferred to the PLC in each
interpolation cycle.
– The request for the update of the input data is sent to the PLC at the end of the
parameterized interpolation cycle.
– The updated input data is available at the earliest in the following interpolation cycle.
Selection of the storage format (little/big endian)

A total of 16 KB is available for the data transfer between the NC and PLC for all NC channels.
These areas have to be managed by the user (i.e. no overlapping of the variables, not even
across channel borders).
The display of the variables within these areas depends on the setting in the machine data:
Extended Functions
MD10399 $MN_PLCIO_TYPE_REPRESENTATION = <value>
<val‐ Meaning
ue>
0 Little endian format (default setting)
System variables are displayed in little endian format ⇒ least significant byte at least significant
address
1 Big endian format (PLC standard format, recommended)
System variables are displayed in big endian format ⇒ most significant byte at least significant
address
Note
The big endian format is the format usually used in the PLC and PLC I/O. Therefore, it is
recommended that you use this setting.
2.3.2 Reading/writing: System variables

Input data
System variable Type Offset <n>

$A_PBB_IN[<n>] Byte 0, 1, 2, ... (MD10394 $MN_PLCIO_NUM_BYTES_IN -1)
$A_PBW_IN[<n>] Word 0, 2, 4, ... (MD10394 $MN_PLCIO_NUM_BYTES_IN - 2)
$A_PBD_IN[<n>] Double 0, 4, 8, ... (MD10394 $MN_PLCIO_NUM_BYTES_IN - 4)
$A_PBR_IN[<n>] Real 0, 4, 8, ... (MD10394 $MN_PLCIO_NUM_BYTES_IN - 4)
A preprocessing stop is triggered in the channel when reading from a part program.
Output data
System variable Type Offset <n>

$A_PBB_OUT[<n>] Byte 0, 1, 2, ... (MD10396 $MN_PLCIO_NUM_BYTES_OUT - 1)
$A_PBW_OUT[<n>] Word 0, 2, 4, ... (MD10396 $MN_PLCIO_NUM_BYTES_OUT - 2)
$A_PBD_OUT[<n>] Double 0, 4, 8, ... (MD10396 $MN_PLCIO_NUM_BYTES_OUT - 4)
$A_PBR_OUT[<n>] Real 0, 4, 8, ... (MD10396 $MN_PLCIO_NUM_BYTES_OUT - 4)
A preprocessing stop is triggered in the channel when reading output data from a part program.
Value ranges of the output data
Type Value range

Byte With sign: -128 ... +127
Without sign: 0 ... 255
Word With sign: -32768 ... +32767
Without sign: 0 ... 65535
Double With sign: -2147483648 ... +2147483647
Without sign: 0 ... 4294967295
Real -3.402823466*10+38 ... +3.402823466*10+38
Extended Functions
2.3.3 Supplementary conditions

Several slots
If several slots form an input or output range of the PLC I/O used directly by the NC, the address
range of the slots must be configured as a continuous range without gaps.
Parallel writing of the NC and PLC

Parallel writing of I/O outputs by the NC via direct access over the PLC and from the PLC user
program results in a random, mutual overwriting of the output values. The application is
therefore not permitted, but cannot be prevented on the control.
Time response
The time when the data is read in from the PLC I/Os is not synchronized with the time when
the data is made available to the part program via system variables!
Data transfer
● The output of the output data on the PLC I/O is always for all parameterized output data,
even when only one output data item was written for each system variable.
● If several system variables are assigned values simultaneously, it is not certain that they
are transferred in the same interpolation cycle.
2.3.4 Examples
2.3.4.1 Writing to PLC-I/Os
Specifications
● Decimal logical addresses of the output data to be written within the PLC I/O
– 521: 1-byte integer value
● The output data is written to a part program via the R parameters R10 - R11.
● In order to only slow down the execution of the PLC user program (OB1) slightly, the update
cycle for write access should be 3-times the interpolator cycle of 12 ms.
● Data is to be output directly to the following PLC I/Os:
Parameterization
The machine data should be set as follows:
● Length of the NC I/O output data area: 2 + 1 = 3 bytes
MD10396 $MN_PLCIO_NUM_BYTES_OUT= 3
● Logical start address of the input data area: 521
MD10397 $MN_PLCIO_LOGIC_ADDRESS_OUT = 521
Extended Functions
● Update cycle: I/O input data → system variables = 3 * interpolator cycle= 3 * 12 ms = 36 ms

MD10398 $MN_PLCIO_OUT_UPDATE_TIME = 3 * 0.012 = 0.036
● Data format: Big endian
MD10399 $MN_PLCIO_TYPE_REPRESENTATION = 1
Refreshing
The transfer of the system data to the PLC I/O is not performed until the PLC has detected the
PROFIBUS/PROFINET I/O error-free after the control startup. The transfer is then performed
in every third interpolation cycle.
Programming
Writing the NC I/O to synchronized actions with R parameters:
Program code Comment

R10=123
R11='Habcd'
ID=1 WHENEVER TRUE DO $A_PBB_OUT[0]=R10 ; 1-byte integer value
ID=2 WHEN $AA_IW[x] >= 5 DO $A_PBW_OUT[1]=R11 ; 2-byte integer value
Addressing example: $PBW_OUT[ 1 ] = R11
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2.3.4.2 Reading from PLC-I/Os
Specifications
● Decimal logical addresses of the input data to be read within the PLC I/O
– 426: 4-byte real value
● The input data should be stored in a part program in the R parameters R1 - R4.
● In order to only slow down the execution of the PLC user program (OB1) slightly, the update
cycle for read access should be 3-times the interpolator cycle of 12 ms.
Extended Functions
2.4 Direct I/O access without PLC
Parameterization
● Length of the NC I/O input data area: 2 + 4 + 4 + 1 = 11 bytes
MD10394 $MN_PLCIO_NUM_BYTES_IN = 11
● Logical start address of the input data area: 420
MD10395 $MN_PLCIO_LOGIC_ADRESS_IN = 420
● Update cycle: I/O input data → system variables = 3 * interpolator cycle= 3 * 12 ms = 36 ms
MD10398 $MN_PLCIO_IN_UPDATE_TIME = 3 * 0.012 = 0.036
● Data format: Big endian
MD10399 $MN_PLCIO_TYPE_REPRESENTATION = 1
Refreshing
The system variables are updated in every third interpolation cycle after the NC and PLC
startup.
Programming
Reading in the NC I/O in R parameters:

R1=$A_PBW_IN[0] ; 2-byte integer value
R2=$A_PBD_IN[2] ; 4-byte integer value
R3=$A_PBR_IN[6] ; 4-byte real value
R4=$A_PBB_IN[10] ; 1-byte integer value
Addressing example: R2 = $PBD_IN[ 2 ]
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2.4.1 Brief description
Isochronous and non-isochronous PROFIBUS/PROFINET

The reading/writing of the PROFIBUS/PROFINET is possible with an isochronous and non-
isochronous PROFIBUS/PROFINET configuration.
Extended Functions
I/O range
If slots are configured for a PROFIBUS/PROFINET slave used for the NC I/O in such a way
that they are in ascending order without gaps, they are called the I/O range in the following.
An I/O range is therefore characterized by:
● Logical start address: Logical start address of the first slot of the PROFIBUS/PROFINET
slave
● Length: Total length of all slots used for the PROFIBUS/PROFINET slave
The parameterization of the logical start address and the length of the I/O range is performed
in the NC via machine data (see "Parameter assignment (Page 61)").
Reading/writing
The following options for reading/writing the NC I/O are available on the NC:
Part programs / synchronized actions: System variables

The reading/writing of the NC I/O is performed in the NC via system variables in the interpolator
cycle. The writing on the NC I/O is performed after the interpolation cycle.
Data consistency: Interpolator cycle
See "System variables (Page 62)".
Compile cycles: Bindings

Reading/writing via the compile cycle interface.
Data consistency: Position Control cycle
See "Bindings (compile cycles) (Page 64)".
Parallel reading/writing
Reading
Parallel reading through compile cycles and part programs / synchronized actions on input
data of the same I/O range is possible. Write access to the NC I/O is performed in different
ways.
● The data consistency is ensured.
● The data equality during an interpolator cycle is not ensured.
Writing
Parallel writing through compile cycles and part programs / synchronized actions on output
data of the same I/O range is not possible.
Extended Functions
2.4.2 Parameter assignment
Machine data
Logical start addresses of the I/O ranges

The logical start addresses of the I/O ranges used are set via the following machine data:
● Logical start addresses of the input range 1, 2, ... m:
MD10500 $MN_DPIO_LOGIC_ADDRESS_IN[ <n>] = <logical start address> ; with <n> =
0, 1, 2, ... (m - 1)
● Logical start addresses of the output range 1, 2, ... m:
MD10510 $MN_DPIO_LOGIC_ADDRESS_OUT[ <n>] = <logical start address> ; with <n>
= 0, 1, 2, ... (m - 1)
The following must be taken into account for logical start addresses within the PLC process
image (see References):
– Input slots: Reading from the NC also possible
– Output slots: Writing from the NC not permitted ⇒ alarm after run-up of the NC
References
NCU 7x0.3 PN, NCU 7x0.3B PN Manual, Section "Technical data" > Subsection "PLC" >
"Process image size"
Detailed information can be found at Address (http://support.automation.siemens.com/WW/
view/de/54058408)
Note
I/O ranges for the write access (MD10510) on the PROFIBUS I/O must not be in the range
of the process image, e.g. PLC 317, output addresses 0 - 255.
Lengths of the I/O ranges

The lengths of the I/O ranges used are set via the following machine data:
● Length of the input range 1, 2, ... m:
MD10501 $MN_DPIO_RANGE_LENGTH_IN[ <n> ] = <length>; with <n> = 0, 1, 2, ... (m -
1)
● Length of the output range 1, 2, ... m:
MD10511 $MN_DPIO_RANGE_LENGTH_OUT[ <n> ] = <length>; with <n> = 0, 1, 2, ... (m
- 1)
If the value 0 is entered as length, the length of the first user data slot found under the specified
start address (MD10500/MD10510) is set internally as the length of the I/O range.
Extended Functions
I/O range attributes

● Attribute of the input range 1, 2, ... m:
MD10502 $MN_DPIO_RANGE_ATTRIBUTE_IN[ <n> ] ; with <n> = 0, 1, 2, ... (m - 1)
Bit Val‐ Meaning

ue
0 Format display of system variables $A_DPx_IN[<n>,<m>]
0 Little endian format
1 Big endian format
2 Reading of input data
0 Reading possible via system variables and CC-binding
1 Reading possible only for CC-binding
3 Output of slot sign-of-life alarms
0 Slot sign-of-life alarms are issued
1 Slot sign-of-life alarms are suppressed
● Attribute of the output range 1, 2, ... m:

MD10512 $MN_DPIO_RANGE_ATTRIBUTE_OUT[ <n> ] ; with <n> = 0, 1, 2, ... (m - 1)
Bit Value Meaning

0 Format display of system variables $A_DPx_OUT[<n>,<m>]
0 Little endian format
1 Big endian format
1 Writing of output data
0 Writing only via system variable
1 Writing only via CC-binding
3 Output of slot sign-of-life alarms
0 Slot sign-of-life alarms are issued
1 Slot sign-of-life alarms are suppressed
2.4.3 Reading/writing
2.4.3.1 System variables
Input data
System variable Type Meaning

$A_DPB_IN[<n>,<b>] 8-bit unsigned Reads a data byte (8-bit)
$A_DPW_IN[<n>,<b>] 16-bit unsigned Reads a data word (16-bit)
$A_DPSB_IN[<n>,<b>] 8-bit signed Reads a data byte (8-bit)
$A_DPSW_IN[<n>,<b>] 16-bit signed Reads a data word (16-bit)
Extended Functions

$A_DPSD_IN[<n>,<b>] 32-bit signed Reads a data double word (32-bit)
$A_DPR_IN[<n>,<b>] 32-bit REAL Reads input data (32-bit REAL)
<n> = input range 1, 2, ... m; <b> = byte index within the input range: 0, 1, ... (length - 1)
Output data

$A_DPB_OUT[<n>,<b>] 8-bit unsigned Writes a data byte (8-bit)
$A_DPW_OUT[<n>,<b>] 16-bit unsigned Writes a data word (16-bit)
$A_DPSB_OUT[<n>,<b>] 8-bit signed Writes a data byte (8-bit)
$A_DPSW_OUT[<n>,<b>] 16-bit signed Writes a data word (16-bit)
$A_DPSD_OUT[<n>,<b>] 32-bit signed Writes a data double word (32-bit)
$A_DPR_OUT[<n>,<b>] 32-bit REAL Writes output data (32-bit REAL)
<n> = output range 1, 2, ... m; <b> = byte index within the output range: 0, 1, ... (length - 1)
Configured and parameterized I/O ranges for part programs / synchronized actions
Each system variable is a 32-bit bit array. Each bit is assigned to an I/O range.
Bit <n> ≙ machine data index <n> ≙ I/O range <n+1>
Bit <n> == 1 ⇒ The I/O range <n+1> is configured/parameterized.

$A_DP_IN_CONF 32-bit bit array Reads all configured input ranges
$A_DP_OUT_CONF 32-bit bit array Reads all configured output ranges
Valid I/O ranges for part programs / synchronized actions

Each system variable is a 32-bit bit array. Each bit is assigned to an I/O range.
Bit <n> ≙ machine data index <n> ≙ I/O range <n+1>
Bit <n> == 1 ⇒ The I/O range <n+1> is valid. Reading/writing via part programs / synchronized
actions

$A_DP_IN_VALID 32-bit bit array Reads all valid input ranges
$A_DP_OUT_VALID 32-bit bit array Reads all valid output ranges
State of an I/O range

The state of an I/O range can be read via the following system variables.

$A_DP_IN_STATE[<n>] INT Reads the state of the input range
$A_DP_OUT_STATE[<n>] Reads the state of the output range
Extended Functions

<n> = index of the I/O range
State
0: I/O range has not been configured
1: I/O range could not be activated
2: I/O range is available
3: I/O range is currently not available
Length of an I/O range

The configured length of an I/O range can be read via the following system variables.
System variable Meaning

$A_DP_IN_LENGTH[<n>] Reading the length of the input data range
$A_DP_OUT_LENGTH[<n>] Reading the length of the output data range
<n> = index of the I/O range
Supplementary conditions
● A preprocessing stop is triggered in the channel when reading/writing from a part program.
● To ensure data consistency during programming from the part program and the
synchronized actions, the PROFIBUS I/O data is accessed which is kept consistent for the
respective IPO cycle.
● If the same PROFIBUS I/O data is to be write-accessed several times within an interpolation
cycle (e.g. synchronized actions, access from different channels, etc.), then the data of the
last write access is valid.
● The PROFIBUS I/O data to be written is output at the PROFIBUS I/O only after the
corresponding IPO cycle.
● The <b> (RangeOffset) indicates the place (byte offset) within the I/O range as of which
the data access is to be started. Data types can be read/written at any byte offset within
the I/O range. Read/write accesses which exceed the configured limits of the respective I/
O range are rejected with the generation of an alarm (17030).
● Via the machine data MD10502 $MN_DPIO_RANGE_ATTRIBUTE_IN or MD10512
$MN_DPIO_RANGE_ATTRIBUTE_OUT (see "Parameter assignment (Page 61)"), the
display format (little/big endian) for $A_DPx_IN[<n>,<b>] or $A_DPx_OUT[<n>,<b>]
system variables can be defined for the read/write direction as well as for each individual
I/O range.
2.4.3.2 Bindings (compile cycles)
General
CC-bindings are available for importing/exporting data blocks via the compile cycle interfaces.
The access to the data of the I/O range takes place at the servo task level. The data is updated
in each servo cycle. Data consistency is thus given for each respective servo cycle.
Extended Functions
To have write access to the data of the I/O range via the CC-bindings, the relevant I/O ranges
must be activated during the NCK configuration for the programming via compile cycles:
MD10512 $MN_DPIO_RANGE_ATTRIBUTE_OUT[<n>], bit 1 = 1
A simultaneous programming of these I/O ranges via part programs / synchronized actions is
prevented by issuing an alarm (17020).
It must be noted that the data is displayed in general in the PLC in the big endian format.
Naturally, this also applies to the PROFIBUS I/O. Since the bindings support only byte-oriented
access to data ranges (byte offset, number of bytes to be transferred) within an I/O range, you
must pay attention to the correct display of the data types (16-bit, 32-bit, etc.).
Bindings
The following bindings are available:
● CCDataOpi: getDpIoRangeConfiguration()
● CCDataOpi: getDpIoRangeValid()
● CCDataOpi: getDpIoRangeInInformation()
● CCDataOpi: getDpIoRangeOutInformation()
● CCDataOpi: getDpIoRangeInState()
● CCDataOpi: getDpIoRangeOutState()
● CCDataOpi: getDataFromDpIoRangeIn()
● CCDataOpi: putDataToDpIoRangeOut()
Monitoring
● The following bindings monitor during the read/write accesses the adherence to the limits
of the respective I/O range configured at the NC and PLC side. Access to data / data ranges
which do not lie completely within the configured I/O range limits is rejected and the value
CCDATASTATUS_RANGE_LENGTH_LIMIT is returned.
– CCDataOpi: getDataFromDpIoRangeIn()
– CCDataOpi: putDataToDpIoRangeOut()
● If an I/O range which is not configured (or not configured for the compile cycle) is accessed,
the value CCDATASTATUS_RANGE_NOT_AVAILABLE is returned.
NOTICE
Possible system slowdown
The compile cycle programmer is responsible for the correct use of the CC-bindings! It
must be noted that the additional performance requirement needed for providing the data
of the configured I/O ranges at the servo task level, does not lead to a servo level
computing time overflow.
See the OEM documents for more information about the use of these bindings.
Extended Functions

Parallel writing of the NC and PLC
Parallel writing of I/O outputs by the NC via direct access and from the PLC user program
results in a random, mutual overwriting of the output values. The application is therefore not
permitted, but cannot be prevented on the control.
Life beat monitoring

At the start of an interpolator cycle, a check is made for each I/O range whether the sign-of-
life of the associated slot or I/O range has failed. If this is the case, alarm 9050 or 9052 is
displayed.
Effects:
● The part program processing is not stopped.
● When the sign-of-life returns, the alarm is cleared automatically.
2.4.5 Examples
2.4.5.1 Writing to the NC I/O
Requirement
A valid configuration must already have been loaded to the PLC.
Parameterization for part programs / synchronized actions
Specifications
● Parameterization of the 6th data record: Machine data / system variable index = 5
● Configuration data:
– Logical start address = 334
– Slot length = 8 bytes
● Representation: Little endian format
Parameterization in the machine data

● MD10510 $MN_DPIO_LOGIC_ADDRESS_OUT[ 5 ] = 334 (logical start address)
● MD10511 $MN_DPIO_LENGTH_OUT[ 5 ] = 8 (length of the I/O-range in bytes)
● MD10512 $MN_DPIO_ATTRIBUTE_OUT[ 5 ]
– Bit0 = 0 (little endian format)
– Bit1 = 0 (writing only via system variable)
– Bit3 = 0 (issue slot sign-of-life alarms)
Extended Functions
Examples

$A_DPB_OUT[5,6]=128 ; Byte ≙ 8 bits, index=5, offset=6
$A_DPW_OUT[5,5]='B0110' ; Word ≙ 16 bits, index=5, offset=5
; Caution: Data on offset 6 will be overwritten
$A_DPSD_OUT[5,3]=’H8F’ ; Double ≙ 32 bits, index=5, offset=3
; Caution: Data on offsets 4, 5, 6 will be overwritten
$AC_MARKER[0]=5 ; Index=5
$AC_MARKER[1]=3 ; Offset=3
$A_DPSD_OUT[$AC_MARKER[0],$AC_MARKER[1]]=’H8F’ ; indirect addressing
; Double ≙ 32 bits, on index=5, offset=3
R1 = $A_DPB_OUT[5,6] ; Assignment to R parameter, byte ≙ 8 bits, index=5,
offset=6
;Result: R1 == 'HFF'
ID=1 WHENEVER TRUE DO $A_DPB_OUT[5,0]=123 ; cyclic writing per IPO cycle
; Byte ≙ 8 bits, index=5, offset=0
; Faulty programming
$A_DPB_OUT[5.255]=128 ; ≙ Alarm 17030: Offset 255 > I/O range
$A_DPB_OUT[6.10]=128 ; ≙ Alarm 17020: Index 6 reserved for compile cycle, see
below
$A_DPB_OUT[7.10]=128 ; ≙ Alarm 17020: Index 7 not defined in the machine data
$A_DPB_OUT[16.6]=128 ; ≙ Alarm 17020: Index 16 outside the value range
Configuration for programming via CompileCycles
Specifications
● Representation: Little endian format

● MD10511 $MN_DPIO_LENGTH_OUT[ 6 ] = 0 (only the first user data slot is used)
– Bit1 = 1 (writing only via CC-binding)
– Bit3 = 1 (slot sign-of-life alarms are suppressed)
Extended Functions
2.4.5.2 Reading from the NC I/O
Requirement
Specifications
● Parameterization of the 1st data record: Machine data / system variable index = 0
● Representation: Big endian format

● MD10500 $MN_DPIO_LOGIC_ADDRESS_IN[ 0 ] = 456 (logical start address)
● MD10501 $MN_DPIO_LENGTH_IN[ 0 ] = 32 (length of the I/O-range in bytes)
● MD1050ß2 $MN_DPIO_ATTRIBUTE_IN[ 0 ]
– Bit0 = 1 (big endian format)
– Bit2 = 0 (reading possible via system variables and CC-binding)
– Bit3 = 0 (slot sign-of-life alarms are issued)
Examples

$AC_MARKER[0]= ; Byte ≙ 8 bits, index=0, offset=0
$A_DPW_IN[0,0]
$AC_MARKER[1]= ; Signed double ≙ 32 bits, index=0, offset=1
$A_DPSD_IN[0,1]
$AC_MARKER[1]= ; Signed double ≙ 32 bits, index=0, offset=8
$A_DPSD_IN[0.8]
$AC_MARKER[2]=0 ; Index=0
$AC_MARKER[3]=8 ; Offset=8
$AC_MARKER[1]=$A_DPSD_IN[$AC_MARKER[2],$AC_MARKER[3]] ; indirect addressing
; Signed double ≙ 32 bits, index=0, offset=8
ID=2 WHEN $A_DPB_IN[0,11]>=5 DO $AC_MARKER[2]=$A_DPSD_IN[0,8]
; IF index 0, offset 11 >= 5
; THEN signed double ≙ 32 bits, index=0, offset=8
; Faulty programming
R1=$A_DPB_IN[0,255] ; ≙ Alarm 17030: Offset 255 > I/O range
R1=$A_DPB_IN[2.6] ; ≙ Alarm 17020: Index 2 not defined in the machine data
R1=$A_DPB_IN[1.10] ; ≙ Alarm 17020: Index 1 reserved for compile cycle, see
below
Extended Functions

R1=$A_DPB_IN[16.6] ; ≙ Alarm 17020: Index 16 outside the value range
Parameterization for programming via CompileCycles
Specifications
● Parameterization of the 2nd data record: Machine data / system variable index = 1

● MD10500 $MN_DPIO_LOGIC_ADDRESS_IN[ 01 ] = 312 (logical start address)
● MD10501 $MN_DPIO_LENGTH_IN[ 1 ] = 32 (length of the I/O-range in bytes)
● MD10502 $MN_DPIO_ATTRIBUTE_IN[ 1 ]
– Bit0 = 1 (big endian format)
– Bit2 = 1 (reading possible only for CC-binding)
– Bit3 = 1 (suppress slot sign-of-life alarms)
2.4.5.3 Writing of the NC I/O with status query
Requirement
Specifications
Extended Functions

● MD10511 $MN_DPIO_LENGTH_OUT[ 5 ] = 0 (length of the I/O-range in bytes)
– Bit1 = 0 (writing only via system variable)
– Bit3 = 0 (issue slot sign-of-life alarms)
Examples
check: ; Jump marker

IF $A_DP_OUT_STATE[5]==2 GOTOF write ; If data range valid; => jump to
N15
GOTOB check ; Jump back to check
write: ; Jump marker
$A_DPB_OUT[5,6]=128 ; Writing the data byte

IF $A_DP_OUT_CONF==$A_DP_OUT_VALID GOTOF write ; If data range valid
; => jump to N15
SETAL(61000) ; Set alarm no. 61000

IF $A_DP_OUT_VALID B_AND ’B100000’ GOTOF write ; If data range valid
; => jump to N15
SETAL(61000) ; Set alarm no. 61000
R1=$A_DP_OUT_LENGTH[5] ; Length of the I/O-range (slot) in bytes

;Result: R1 = 32
Extended Functions
2.5 Data lists
2.5 Data lists
2.5.1 Machine data
2.5.1.1 General machine data
Number Identifier: $MN_ Description

10300 FASTIO_ANA_NUM_INPUTS Number of active analog NCK inputs
10310 FASTIO_ANA_NUM_OUTPUTS Number of active analog NCK outputs
10320 FASTIO_ANA_INPUT_WEIGHT Weighting factor for analog NCK inputs
10330 FASTIO_ANA_OUTPUT_WEIGHT Weighting factor for analog NCK outputs
10350 FASTIO_DIG_NUM_INPUTS Number of active digital NCK input bytes
10360 FASTIO_DIG_NUM_OUTPUTS Number of active digital NCK output bytes
10362 HW_ASSIGN_ANA_FASTIN Hardware assignment of external analog NCK inputs
10364 HW_ASSIGN_ANA_FASTOUT Hardware assignment of external analog NCK outputs
10366 HW_ASSIGN_DIG_FASTIN Hardware assignment of external digital NCK inputs
10368 HW_ASSIGN_DIG_FASTOUT Hardware assignment of external digital NCK outputs
10394 PLCIO_NUM_BYTES_IN Number of directly readable input bytes of the PLC I/Os
10395 PLCIO_LOGIC_ADDRESS_IN Start address of the directly readable input bytes of the PLC I/Os
10396 PLCIO_NUM_BYTES_OUT Number of directly writeable output bytes of the PLC I/Os
10397 PLCIO_LOGIC_ADDRESS_OUT Start address of the directly writeable output bytes of the PLC I/
Os
10398 PLCIO_IN_UPDATE_TIME Update time for PLC I/O input cycle
10399 PLCIO_TYPE_REPRESENTATION Little-/big-endian representation for PLC I/O
10500 DPIO_LOGIC_ADDRESS_IN Logical slot address of the PROFIBUS I/O
10501 DPIO_RANGE_LENGTH_IN Length of the PROFIBUS I/O range
10502 DPIO_RANGE_ATTRIBUTE_IN Attributes of the PROFIBUS I/O
10510 DPIO_LOGIC_ADDRESS_OUT Logical slot address of the PROFIBUS I/O
10511 DPIO_RANGE_LENGTH_OUT Length of the PROFIBUS I/O range
10512 DPIO_RANGE_ATTRIBUTE_OUT Attributes of the PROFIBUS I/O
10530 COMPAR_ASSIGN_ANA_INPUT_1 Hardware assignment of NCK analog inputs for comparator byte
1
10531 COMPAR_ASSIGN_ANA_INPUT_2 Hardware assignment of NCK analog inputs for comparator byte
2
10540 COMPAR_TYPE_1 Parameterization for comparator byte 1
10541 COMPAR_TYPE_2 Parameterization for comparator byte 2
Extended Functions
2.5 Data lists
2.5.1.2 Channelspecific machine data
Number Identifier: $MC_ Description

21220 MULTFEED_ASSIGN_FASTIN Assignment of input bytes of NCK I/Os for "multiple
feedrates in one block"
2.5.2 Setting data
2.5.2.1 General setting data
Number Identifier: $SN_ Description

41600 COMPAR_THRESHOLD_1 Threshold values for comparator byte 1
41601 COMPAR_THRESHOLD_2 Threshold values for comparator byte 2
2.5.3 System variable
Identifier Description
$A_IN Digital NC input
$A_OUT Digital NC output
$A_INA Analog NC input
$A_OUTA Analog NC output
$A_PBB_IN Digital NC input data, byte
$A_PBW_IN Digital NC input data, word
$A_PBD_IN Digital NC input data, double
$A_PBR_IN Digital NC input data, real
$A_PBB_OUT Digital NC output data, byte
$A_PBW_OUT Digital NC output data, word
$A_PBD_OUT Digital NC output data, double
$A_PBR_OUT Digital NC output data, real
Extended Functions
2.5 Data lists
2.5.4 Signals
2.5.4.1 Signals to NC
Signal name SINUMERIK 840D sl SINUMERIK 828D

Disable digital NCK inputs DB10.DBB0/122/124/126/128 DB2800.DBB0/1000
Setting on PLC of digital NCK inputs DB10.DBB1/123/125/127/129 DB2800.DBB1/1001
Disable digital NCK outputs DB10.DBB4/130/134/138/142 DB2800.DBB4/1008
Overwrite mask for digital NCK outputs DB10.DBB5/131/135/139/143 DB2800.DBB5/1009
Setting value from PLC for the digital NCK outputs DB10.DBB6/132/136/140/144 DB2800.DBB6/1010
Setting mask for digital NCK outputs DB10.DBB7/133/137/141/145 DB2800.DBB7/1011
Disable analog NCK inputs DB10.DBB146 -
Setting mask for analog NCK inputs DB10.DBB147 -
Setting value from PLC for the analog NCK inputs DB10.DBB148-163 -
Overwrite mask for analog NCK outputs DB10.DBB166 -
Setting mask for analog NCK outputs DB10.DBB167 -
Disable analog NCK outputs DB10.DBB168 -
Setting value from PLC for the analog NCK outputs DB10.DBB170-185 -
2.5.4.2 Signals from NC

Actual value for digital NCK inputs DB10.DBB60/186-189 DB2900.DBB0/1000
Setpoint for digital NCK outputs DB10.DBB64/190-193 DB2900.DBB4/1004
Actual value for analog NCK inputs DB10.DBB194-209 -
Setpoint for analog NCK outputs DB10.DBB210-225 -
Extended Functions
2.5 Data lists
Extended Functions
B3: Distributed systems - 840D sl only 3
3.1 Brief description
3.1.1 Several operator panels on several NCUs (T:M:N)

Under certain circumstances, a single operator control and monitoring station may not be
sufficient for complex plants and machines. Therefore, several operator control and monitoring
stations in a SINUMERIK system network (Ethernet) can be connected to several numerical
controls (NCU) via a PCU in such a way that they enable flexible and distributed operation and
monitoring of the entire system.
The following figure provides an overview of the components that currently can be connected
in a system network to form an operator control and monitoring system T:1:N. Meanings:
● T: Thin Client Unit (TCU) or HT8 handheld unit (connected to the PCU)
● 1 (M): Man Machine Control (MMC), PCU 50.x with SINUMERIK Operate
● N: Numeric Control Unit (NCU), NCU 7x0.3 PN
Extended Functions
B3: Distributed systems - 840D sl only
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Quantity structure
The following quantity structure must be observed for an operator control and monitoring
system T:1:N:
T: Thin Client Unit (TCU) or HT8 handheld unit

The graphic information of the PCU 50.x user interface is transferred via the TCU to the
operator panel front (OP) and displayed there. TCU and operator panel front together form an
operator station.
● Maximum number
In principle, any number of operator stations, only limited by the amount of available address
space, can be operated in the system network.
● Online
A maximum of four operator stations per PCU can be online simultaneously.
Extended Functions
● Operating focus
At any one time, only one of the operator stations on the PCU that are online, can have the
operating focus. Entries with regard to the user interface can only be made via this operator
station. The user interfaces on the other online operator stations are darkened to indicate
that they do not have operating focus. Only a message is displayed on operator stations
that are not online.
The operating focus can be switched between the online operator stations.
● HT8 handheld unit
A HT8 handheld unit combines a TCU, an operator panel front and a machine control panel
in a single device.
M: PCU 50.x with SINUMERIK Operate

Several operator stations and several NCU 7x0.3 PN can be connected to a PCU 50.x with
SINUMERIK Operate user interface. The data of the channels of different NCUs can be
displayed on the operator stations through suitable configuring of the channel menu.
Note
Currently, only one PCU per T:1:N network can be configured ⇒ M = 1
N: SINUMERIK 840D sl, NCU 7x0.3 PN

● Internal SINUMERIK Operate user interface
Because of the existing external SINUMERIK Operate user interface on PCU 50.x in the
system network, the NCU-integrated internal SINUMERIK Operate user interface must be
switched off. The internal SINUMERIK Operate user interface must not be switched off only
when it is used with a limited range of functions, exclusively within the scope of tool
management. Detailed information on this can be found in the Commissioning Manual
"Operator Components and Networking (IM5)", Section "Network configuration" >
"Application example"
● Machine control panel (MCP)
For a flexible switchover of the machine control panels, only one MCP can be connected
to one NCU. The switchover of the MCPs is user-specifically via the PLC user program
(function block FB 9).
Installation and connection
References
● TCU, MCP, PCU:
SINUMERIK 840D sl Operator Components and Networking Manual
● NCU:
SINUMERIK 840D sl NCU 7x0.3 PN Manual
● Machine control panel (MCP)
FB 9: MtoN Control Unit Switchover
● Switch SCALANCE:
Communication with SIMATIC System Manual
Extended Functions
Configuration, commissioning and parameter assignment
References
● Structure of the system network and commissioning of a TCU:
Operator Components and Networking Commissioning Manual (IM5)
● Configuration of the channel menu
SINUMERIK Operate Commissioning Manual (IM9), Section "Channel menu"
Programming
References
● MCP:
Basic Functions Function Manual, Section "P3 Basic PLC program for SINUMERIK 840D
sl" > "Block descriptions" > "FB 9: MtoN control unit switchover"
3.1.2 NCU link
3.1.2.1 Link communication

The NCU-link communication cycle allows an interpolator clock-synchronous cross-NCU data
exchange for the following applications:
● Cross-NCU data exchange via link variable $A_DLx
● Cross-NCU traversing of axes and spindles using link axes and container-link axes
● Cross-NCU master value coupling of axes and spindles using lead-link axes
Safety Integrated
If axial Safety Integrated functions are active for a link axis, data that is not safety-related is
exchanged between the local safety axis (link axis on NCUx) and the channel that is traversing
it (NCUy) via the NCU link. This also enables Safety Integrated-supporting functions for link
axes, such as velocity/speed monitoring-dependent setpoint limiting and higher-order stop
functions (STOP D/E).
Note
The Safety Integrated functions "Safe software limit switch" (SE) and "Safe software cam, safe
cam track" (SN) are not (yet) supported.
Link module
The link communication requires optional link modules. A link module is an optional PROFINET
module for isochronous real-time communication (IRT) via Ethernet. The link module occupies
the option slot of the NCU.
Extended Functions
Quantity structure
As standard, a maximum of three NCUs can be interconnected to form a link group.
Note
For a specific project, on request to your local regional Siemens representative, further NCUs
can be integrated to form a link group.
3.1.2.2 Link variables

Link variables are global system user variables that for configured link communication can be
used by all NCUs of the network. Link variables can read and written in part programs, cycles
and synchronized actions.
The reading and writing of link variables is performed in the main run. A channel
synchronization is therefore performed implicitly with regard to the link variables so that all
channels read the same value in the same interpolator cycle. By comparison, global user data
(GUD) can also be used cross-channel like the link variables. However, as the GUD is
processed in the preprocessing, no implicit channel synchronization is performed here. If
necessary, GUD must therefore be synchronized by the user through specific programming.
Note
On systems without an NCU link, link variables can also be used as additional global user data
alongside standard global user data (GUD).
3.1.2.3 Link axes

Link axes enable the creation of distributed control systems, in which the setpoints of the
machine axes are not created by channels of the NCU to which the machine axes are physically
connected, but by channels of an arbitrary NCU of the link group.
Fixed assignment for link axes

The assignment, on which NCU the setpoints for which machine axis are created, is fixed for
link axes through the machine data configuration.
Variable assignment for container link axes

The assignment is variable for container link axes. A container link axis can therefore be
traversed alternatively by each NCU of the link group. See Section "Axis container
(Page 104)".
Irrespective of the assignment described above, the logical machine axis can be made known
to the link axis of several channels on the NCU generating the setpoint and then functionally
handled as a local logical machine axis, e.g. master value for position/feed couplings, NCU-
local axis interchange.
Extended Functions
3.1.2.4 Lead link axes

If in conjunction with the coupling functions of the generic coupling, all interpolators, i.e. the
setpoint-creating/processing channels, the leading and following axes/spindles, are on the
same NCU, the use of a lead link axis is not required. The machine axes of the leading and/
or following axes/spindles can also be connected link axes to different NCUs.
Application
A lead link axis is always required when not all interpolators of a coupling group are on the
same NCU. The lead link axis provides an image of the leading axis/spindle or the master
value for the local interpolators, on another NCU. Starting from this master value, the setpoints
of the following axes/spindles are then generated by the interpolators on this NCU.
Further application
A lead link axis is also used if more machine axes are involved in a coupling than are available
absolutely or relatively on an NCU for the coupling.
References
Special Functions Function Manual, Section "Axis couplings (M3)" > "Generic coupling"
3.1.2.5 Dependencies
In order that several axes can be traversed in an interpolatary relationship, it is essential that
the setpoints generated by the interpolator of the traversing channel be transferred to the
position control at the same time.
During the transfer of the setpoints via the NCU link, for example, for a link axis there is a delay
of one interpolator cycle in relation to the setpoint of a local axis. The delay must be
compensated by a suitable increase of the buffer between the interpolator and the position
controller :
MD18720 $MN_MM_SERVO_FIFO_SIZE = <value> = <default value + compensation
value>
Function Compensation value

Link axis One interpolator cycle must be compensated on all NCUs with axes that in‐
Container-link axis terpolate with a link or container link axis.
Compensation value = 1
Lead-link axis Two interpolator cycles must be compensated on the NCU of the leading axis
that generates the setpoints for the lead link axis.
Compensation value = 2
Note
In contrast to lead link axes, link and container link axes require another compensation value
(MD18720 $MN_MM_SERVO_FIFO_SIZE). With simultaneous use of link or container link
axes and lead link axes within a link group, the delays cannot be compensated.
Extended Functions
3.1.2.6 Application example: Rotary indexing machine

On the basis of rotary cycle machine with two NCUs, the application of the "NCU Link" function
is shown as example. The principal units of the rotary indexing machine are:
● MTR rotary axis for the rotary table
● MS1 - MS4 spindles
● Machining stations 1 and 2, each with the X1 and Z1 linear axes
● Loading and unloading station
All of the machine axes remain permanently assigned to their particular NCU. The same axes
(X and Z) and spindles (S1) are always addressed in the machining program of the relevant
NCU.
The workpiece status is represented schematically after each machining step.
For each machining step, the rotary table (MTR) advances one position counter-clockwise.
This so assigns the spindles to another station for each machining step. The changing
relationships of the spindles defined in the channels to the machine axes are represented as
an axis container in the NCU.
If the machine axis of a spindle is not contained on its own NCU, the spindle setpoints are
transferred by link communication to the associated NCU and output there at the machine axis.
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Extended Functions
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Parameterization (schematic)
General
Programmed channel axes in the part programs of both NCUs: X, Z, S1
NCU1 Machine axes defined in the NCU:
Local: X1, Z1
Axis container: MS1, MS2
NCU2 Machine axes defined in the NCU:
Local: X1, Z1
Axis container: MS3, MS4
Initial setting Rotation of the MTR (rotary table) rotary axis

(Fig. 1) by one position
(Fig. 2)
NCU1 Machining station 1: X1, Z1, MS2
Diagram showing the channel axes programmed in the part program:
X → X1 and Z → Z1 X → X1 and Z → Z1
S1 → MS2 S1 → MS1
NCU2 Machining station 2: X1, Z1, MS2
Diagram showing the channel axes programmed in the part program:
X → X1 and Z → Z1 X → X1 and Z → Z1
S1 → MS3 S1 → MS2 (link axis)
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
3.2 NCU link
3.2.1 Link communication
3.2.1.1 General information
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Figure 3-4 Link communication (principle)
The NCU-link communication cycle allows an interpolator clock-synchronous cross-NCU data

exchange for the following applications:
● Cross-NCU link variable $A_DLx
All the NCUs involved with the NCU-link communication have a common view of the link
variables because they are exchanged via the NCU link interpolator cycle clock-
synchronous between the NCU of the link group.
● Cross-NCU traversing of axes and spindles using link axes and container-link axes
If single or interpolation axis traversal is made from a channel of an NCU, NCU-link setpoints
can also be transferred to axes physically connected to another NCU of the link group.
These axes are designated as link axes.
● Cross-NCU master value coupling of axes and spindles using lead-link axes
NCU1 traverses axis X1 (leading axis), the setpoints are transferred to a link axis of NCU2
(lead-link axis) via the NCU link. Coupling of axis X2 is realized in NCU2 on this lead-link
axis. This means axis X2 is indirectly the following axis of X1.
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
Data transfer
Depending on the active functions, the following cyclic and non-cyclical data transmissions
occur between the NCUs involved with the link communication:
● High-priority, cyclic data transfer:
– Setpoints, actual values and status signals of the axes
– NCU status signals
● High-priority, non-cyclic, non-displaceable data transfer:
– Non-safety-related data as part of the Safety Integrated function
– States of the container axes during an axis container rotation
● Low-priority, non-cyclic, displaceable data transfer (listed in order of decreasing priority):
– Link variables
– Warm restart requirements
– Activation of axis container rotations
– Changes in NCU-global machine and setting data
– Activation of the axial machine data for link axes
– Alarms
Displacement
If for low-priority, non-cyclic, displaceable data transmission not all requirements can be sent
in a single interpolator cycle, the request with higher priority displaces that with a lower priority.
This will then be sent later.
Quantity structure: NCU 7x0.3 PN

As standard, a maximum of three NCUs can be interconnected to form a link group.
Note
For a specific project, on request to your local regional Siemens representative an NCU-link
group with more than three NCUs is possible. Without project-specific supplements, more than
three NCUs are rejected with Alarm 380020.
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
NCU link and Safety Integrated

The following figure shows a constellation with two NCUs and two machine axes, of which the
MA2 machine axis of the NCU2 is traversed as link axis for NCU1. The Safety Integrated
function monitors the safety-related aspects of both axes.
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The safety-related input signals (F_DI) of both NCUs can be acquired, linked via the safe
programmable logic (SPL) and exchanged using the safety-related CPU-CPU communication
(FSend/FRecv).
As part of the Safety Integrated function, the NCU-link communication permits the single-
channel non-safety-related transfer of link axis data for Safety Integrated-supporting functions.
Examples:
● Interpolatory braking for an implicit Stop D of all traversing axes, including the link axes, in
the channel.
● Reduce the speed of all axes traversing in the channel, including link axes, for a change
of the safe speed.
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
Safety Integrated acceptance test and NCU link

The Acceptance Test wizard (ATW) is generally used to perform the acceptance test
separately for each NCU. Only alarms on the home NCU of the axis are displayed for link axes.
To make the ATW also check alarms for link axes, the ATW must be told the safety-relevant
NCU connected via the NCU link. For this purpose, these must be entered in the
NETNAMES.INI file on the PG/PCU on which the ATW runs.
Example: Entries in the NETNAMES.INI file for NCU link with two safety-relevant NCUs
Adapt file: NETNAMES.INI (excerpt)

[own]
owner = HMI_1
[conn HMI_1]
conn_1= NCU_1
conn_2= NCU_2
[param HMI_1]
mmc_address = 1
[param network]
[param NCU_1]
nck_address= 192.168.214.2,LINE=10,NAME=/NC,SAP=030d,PROFILE=CLT1__CP_L4_INT
plc_address= 192.168.214.2,LINE=10,NAME=/PLC,SAP=0201,PROFILE=CLT1__CP_L4_INT
ADDRESS2= 192.168.214.2,LINE=10,NAME=/CP,SAP=0501,PROFILE=CLT2__CP_L4_INT
ADDRESS10= 192.168.214.2,LINE=10,NAME=/
DRIVE_00_000,SAP=0201,SUBNET=0000-00000000:000,PROFILE=CLT2__CP_L4_INT
ADDRESS11= 192.168.214.2,LINE=10,NAME=/DRIVE_03_003,SAP=0900,PROFILE=CLT2__CP_L4_INT
ADDRESS12= 192.168.214.2,LINE=10,NAME=/DRIVE_03_011,SAP=0B00,PROFILE=CLT2__CP_L4_INT
ADDRESS13= 192.168.214.2,LINE=10,NAME=/DRIVE_03_012,SAP=0C00,PROFILE=CLT2__CP_L4_INT
ADDRESS14= 192.168.214.2,LINE=10,NAME=/DRIVE_03_013,SAP=0D00,PROFILE=CLT2__CP_L4_INT
ADDRESS15= 192.168.214.2,LINE=10,NAME=/DRIVE_03_014,SAP=0E00,PROFILE=CLT2__CP_L4_INT
ADDRESS16= 192.168.214.2,LINE=10,NAME=/DRIVE_03_015,SAP=0F00,PROFILE=CLT2__CP_L4_INT
name=Machine_1
[param NCU_2]
nck_address= 192.168.214.1,LINE=10,NAME=/NC,SAP=030d,PROFILE=CLT1__CP_L4_INT
plc_address= 192.168.214.1,LINE=10,NAME=/PLC,SAP=0201,PROFILE=CLT1__CP_L4_INT
ADDRESS2= 192.168.214.1,LINE=10,NAME=/CP,SAP=0501,PROFILE=CLT2__CP_L4_INT
ADDRESS10= 192.168.214.1,LINE=10,NAME=/
DRIVE_00_000,SAP=0201,SUBNET=0000-00000000:000,PROFILE=CLT2__CP_L4_INT
ADDRESS11= 192.168.214.1,LINE=10,NAME=/DRIVE_03_003,SAP=0900,PROFILE=CLT2__CP_L4_INT
ADDRESS12= 192.168.214.1,LINE=10,NAME=/DRIVE_03_011,SAP=0B00,PROFILE=CLT2__CP_L4_INT
ADDRESS13= 192.168.214.1,LINE=10,NAME=/DRIVE_03_012,SAP=0C00,PROFILE=CLT2__CP_L4_INT
ADDRESS14= 192.168.214.1,LINE=10,NAME=/DRIVE_03_013,SAP=0D00,PROFILE=CLT2__CP_L4_INT
ADDRESS15= 192.168.214.1,LINE=10,NAME=/DRIVE_03_014,SAP=0E00,PROFILE=CLT2__CP_L4_INT
ADDRESS16= 192.168.214.1,LINE=10,NAME=/DRIVE_03_015,SAP=0F00,PROFILE=CLT2__CP_L4_INT
name=Machine_2
References
The "Safety Integrated" function is described in detail in:
Function Manual for Safety Integrated
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
3.2.1.2 Link module

The NCU-link communication takes place via link modules A link module is an optional
PROFINET module for isochronous real-time communication (IRT) via Ethernet. The link
module can be used only for the NCU-link communication. It is not possible to use a link module
for general PROFINET communication.
The option slot is required on the NCU module for the link module.
Note
There is only one option slot on the NCU module. This prevents the parallel use of an NCU-
link module and other optional modules.
Link module and NCU modules

The Communication Board Ethernet CBE30-2 is available as link module for the "NCU710.3
PN", "NCU720.3 PN" and "NCU730.3 PN" NCU modules. The option slot is required on the
NCU module for the link module.
References
Manual NCU7x0.3 PN; "Connectable components" > "CBE30-2" section
3.2.1.3 Parameter assignment: NC system cycles

As basic requirement for link communication, the following system cycle clocks must be set
the same in all NCUs involved in the NCU group:
● Basic system cycle clock
● Position control cycle clock
● Interpolator cycle clock
Basic system cycle clock

The DP cycle set for isochronous communication in the STEP 7 project is used as basic system
cycle clock. The current basic system cycle clock is displayed in machine data:
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
MD10050 $MN_SYSCLOCK_CYCLE_TIME
Note
Manual alignment across several communications buses
If several isochronous communication buses (PROFIBUS 1 ... n, PROFINET 1 ... m) have
been configured on an NCU, the same DP cycle time in STEP 7 HW Config must be set for
each communication bus.
Depending on the position control cycle clock
For the SINUMERIK 840D sl, the ratio between the basic system cycle clock and the position
control cycle clocks is fixed (1:1) and cannot be changed. Because only certain position control
cycle clocks can be set for the NCU link, only these position control cycle clocks can be set
as the basic system cycle clock or DP cycle time. See the next paragraph "Position control
cycle clock".
Position control cycle clock

The position control cycle clock is set as a ratio to the basic system cycle clock. For the
SINUMERIK 840D sl, the ratio is fixed (1:1) and cannot be changed. The current position
control cycle clock is displayed in the machine data:
MD10061 $MN_POSCTRL_CYCLE_TIME
Note
Permitted position control cycle clocks
For the NCU link, depending on the number of NCUs in the link group, only the following
position control cycle clocks [ms] are set:
● 2 NCU: 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0
● 3 NCU: 3.0, 3.5, 4.0
See Section "Configuration (Page 90)".
Interpolator cycle clock

The interpolator cycle clock is set as a ratio of the basic system cycle clock. The setting is
made via the following machine data:
MD10070 $MN_IPO_SYSCLOCK_TIME_RATIO
The actual interpolator cycle clock is displayed in machine data:
MD10071 $MN_IPO_CYCLE_TIME
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
Notes on setting
Cycle clock settings

It is recommended the following settings are made:
● The default 90% setting for the CPU time share of the NCK should be retained:
MD10185 $MN_NCK_PCOS_TIME_RATIO
● The system cycle clocks must be set so that the average system utilization caused by the
interpolator and the position controller does not exceed 60% in normal program operation.
As maximum value, 90% should be not be exceeded.
Note:
In special circumstances, maximum values > 100% can be displayed.
Lowest cyclic communication load

The lowest cyclic communication load during the link communication results for a cycle clock
ratio of interpolator cycle clock to position control cycle clock of 1:1. With activated "Dynamic
Servo Control (DSC)" drive function, this is generally the most effective setting.
Disadvantage: No telegram repetitions are possible for the link communication.
Time frame of the NC/PLC interface update

The following setting is active during the run-up of all NCUs involved in the link group:
MD18000 $MN_VDI_UPDATE_IN_ONE_IPO_CYCLE = 1
This causes the NC/PLC interface to be read and written completely in just one interpolation
cycle.
3.2.1.4 Parameter assignment: Link communication
NC-specific machine data
Number Identifier $MN_ Meaning

MD12510 NCU_LINKNO Unique numerical identification of the NCU within the link group. The
identifiers must be assigned without any gaps in ascending ordering
starting from 1.
Value range: 1, 2, ... Maximum NCU number
Note:
The NCU to which the value 1 is assigned as NCU identification is the
master NCU of the link group. The parameterization of link axes and axis
containers may only be made with the machine and setting data of the
master NCU.
MD18780 MM_NCU_LINK_MASK.Bit 0 Activation of the link communication
MD18781 NCU_LINK_CONNECTIONS Number of internal link connections
Note:
It is recommended to retain the default value 0 (determination of the
number by the NC).
MD18782 MM_LINK_NUM_OF_MODULES Number of NCUs to be connected with one another via NCU link.
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
3.2.1.5 Configuration
The NC system software supplies specific configurations for each supported combination of
NCU number and position controller cycle of a link group (see section "Parameter assignment:
NC system cycles (Page 87)").
During the system startup, the appropriate configuration will be loaded (as specified by the
values parameterized in the machine data):
● MD18782 $MN_MM_LINK_NUM_OF_MODULES (number of NCUs of the line group))
● MD10061 $MN_POSCTRL_CYCLE_TIME (position controller cycle)
Note
For applications, in which the standard configurations that have been supplied cannot be used,
please contact your local Siemens sales person.
3.2.1.6 Wiring the NCUs

The numerical sequence of the NCUs within a link group is defined in the NCUs using the
following machine data:
MD12510 $MN_NCU_LINKNO = <NCU number>, with NCU number = 1 ... max. NCU number
Cabling
Starting from the NCU1, the NCU link modules should be wired up in the NCU number
sequence according to the following schematic: NCU(n), Port 0 → NCU(n+1), Port 1
1&8OLQNYLD352),1(7 1&8OLQNYLD352),1(7
3RUW
3RUW
3RUW
3RUW
3RUW
3RUW
3RUW
3RUW
3RUW
3RUW
3RUW
3RUW
1&8 1&8 1&8

/LQNPRGXOH /LQNPRGXOH /LQNPRGXOH
1&8 1&8 1&8Q
Figure 3-6 Wiring schematic, NCU link
3.2.1.7 Activation
The link communication is activated using the following machine data:
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
MD18780 $MN_ MM_NCU_LINK_MASK, Bit 0 = 1
Note
Activation time
It is recommended to activate the link communication only after complete commissioning of
the entire functionality on all participating NCUs has been done.
3.2.2 Link variables
Complex systems with several NCUs require for the complete system coordination of the
manufacturing processes a cyclic exchange of user-specific data between the NCUs. The data
exchange is performed via the link communication and a special memory area, the link
variables memory available for each NCU.
The size and data structure of the link variables memory can be specified for each specific
user. The data stored in the link variables memory is addressed using a special $A_DLx link
variable.
These are system-global user variables that can be read and written in part programs and
cycles by all NCUs involved in a link group if link communication has been configured. Unlike
global user variables (GUD), link variables can also be used in synchronized actions.
1&8OLQNYLD352),1(7
1&8 1&8 1&8 1&8

/LQNPRGXOH /LQNPRGXOH
&KDQQHO /LQNYDULDEOH /LQNYDULDEOH

PHPRU\ PHPRU\
1$B'/[>@
Figure 3-7 Link variables
Requirement
The use of link axes requires a link communication defined in accordance with "Section Link
communication (Page 83)".
Link variable as NCU-global user variable
Note
If an NCU Is not a node of a link group or the link variables are not required for communication
via NCU link, the link variables can be used as the NCU-global user variables.
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
3.2.2.1 Properties of the link variables memory
Parameterizing the memory size

The size of the link variables memory in bytes is set with the following machine data:
MD18700 $MN_MM_SIZEOF_LINKVAR_DATA (size of the link variables memory)
The setting for the size of the link variables memory should be identical for all NCUs involved
in the link group. If the memory sizes are different, the largest value assigned is used.
Initialization
After an NCU is powered up, the link variables memory is initialized with 0.
Structure
From the point of view of the system, the link variables memory is an unstructured memory
area that is available for link communication purposes. The link variables memory is structured
by the user/machine manufacturer alone. Depending on how the data structure is defined, the
link variables memory is accessed by means of data format-specific link variables.
System-wide alignment
Once a link variables memory has been written to, the changes that have been made to the
data are transferred to the link variables memories of all other NCUs involved in the link group.
The link variables memories are usually updated by means of link communication within two
interpolation cycles.
3.2.2.2 Properties of the link variables

The link variables memory is accessed via the following data format-specific link variables:
Data type 1) Designation Data format 2) Bytes 2) Index i 3) Value range

UINT $A_DLB[ i ] BYTE 1 i=n*1 0 ... 255
INT $A_DLW[ i ] WORD 2 i=n*2 -32768 ... 32767
INT $A_DLD[ i ] DWORD 4 i=n*4 -2147483648 ... 2147483647
REAL $A_DLR[ i ] REAL 8 i=n*8 ±(2,2*10-308 … 1,8*10+308)
1) Data type of link variables when used in part program/cycle
2) Data format of link variables or number of bytes addressed by the link variables in the link variables memory
3) The following must be noted for index i:
● Index i is a byte index that relates to the beginning of the link variables memory.
● The index must be selected so that the bytes addressed in the link variables memory are located on a data format limit
⇒ index i = n * bytes, where n = 0, 1, 2, etc.
– $A_DLB[i]: i = 0, 1, 2, ...
– $A_DLW[i]: i = 0, 2, 4, ...
– $A_DLD[i]: i = 0, 4, 8, ...
– $A_DLR[i]: i = 0, 8, 16, ...
Write
A link variable is written with main-run synchronism.
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
Read
A preprocessing stop is initiated when a link variable is read.
Checks
The following checks are performed for the link variables and link variables memory:
● Observance of the value range limits
● Access to format limit
● Observance of defined memory area in link variables memory
The user/machine manufacturer is solely responsible for preventing the following errors:
● Accessing with incorrect data format
● Accessing the wrong address (index i)
● Reciprocal overwriting of the same data item by multiple channels of a single NCU or
different NCUs
● Reading a data item before it has been updated by a channel of its own NCU or of a different
NCU
Note
Data consistency
The user/machine manufacturer is solely responsible for ensuring data consistency within
the link variables memory, both on a local-NCU basis and across NCUs.
3.2.2.3 Write elements

In the case of write access to the link variables memory (e.g. $A_DLB[4] = 21), what is known
as a link variables write element is required for managing the write process within the system.
The maximum number of write elements that are available for each interpolation cycle is set
by means of the following machine data:
MD28160 $MC_MM_NUM_LINKVAR_ELEMENTS
The maximum number of write elements thus restricts the number of link variables that can be
written during each interpolation cycle.
3.2.2.4 Dynamic response during write

The link variables are written with main-run synchronism. The new value may be read by the
other channels in its own NCU no later than the next interpolation cycle. It can be read in the
next part program block in its own channel.
The channels of the other NCUs in the link group normally see the new value after two
interpolation cycles. However, the limited bandwidth can lead to delays in transferring write
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
requests to the other NCUs in the link group (message delays). Causes for a message delay
can be:
● Writing a large number of link variables in an interpolation cycle
● Writing link variables and a the request for an axis container rotation in the same interpolator
cycle
● Writing link variables and transferring an alarm in the same interpolation cycle
3.2.2.5 System variable
NC-specific system variable
Identifier Meaning
$AN_LINK_TRANS_RATE_LAST The number of write requests that were still free in
the last interpolator cycle.
$AN_LINK_TRANS_RATE_LAST_SUM[<n>] The number of write requests that were still free in
the last interpolator cycle in the send direction to
the specified NC <n> (NCU number).
$AN_LINK_CONN_SIZE_LINKVAR The number of bytes to be transferred for a write
request of a link variable.
$AN_LINK_CONN_SND[<n>] The maximum number of bytes that can be trans‐
ferred per interpolator cycle from the current NCU
to the specified NCU.
$AN_LINK_CONN_RCV[<n>] The maximum number of bytes that can be trans‐
ferred per interpolator cycle from the specified
NCU to the current NCU.
<n>: NCU number according to MD12510 $MN_NCU_LINKNO of the relevant NCU
Note for: $AN_LINK_CONN_SIZE_LINKVAR

The writing of a link variable causes the number of bytes specified in
$AN_LINK_CONN_SIZE_LINKVAR to be transferred via the not-cyclic link communication.
The number is independent of the format of the link variables.
The maximum number of write requests that can be transferred to the specified NCU for each
interpolator cycle is calculated as:
Max. number of write requests = $AN_LINK_CONN_SND[<n>] /
$AN_LINK_CONN_SIZE_LINKVAR
Channelspecific system variable
Identifier Meaning
$A_LINK_TRANS_RATE 1) Number of write requests that still can be transfer‐
red in the current interpolator cycle.
1) Application example, refer to Section: "Synchronization of a write request (Page 95)"
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
3.2.2.6 Synchronization of a write request

If certain applications require the new value of a link variable to be transferred to the other
NCUs in the link group in precisely two interpolation cycles, writing to the link variable must be
made in a synchronized action. In the synchronized action, writing to the link variable is only
executed if in the actual interpolator cycle, the write request can still be executed. The
$A_LINK_TRANS_RATE system variable contains the number of write requests that can still
be transferred in the current interpolator cycle.
In the following example, a link variable, data type WORD (2 bytes) and a link variable, data
type DWORD (4 bytes), are written:
Program example
N120 WHEN $A_LINK_TRANS_RATE > 0 DO $A_DLW[0] = 9
N125 WHEN $A_LINK_TRANS_RATE > 0 DO $A_DLD[2] = 7
N130 G4 F1
The synchronized action in N120 is performed only when the write request can be transferred
in the same interpolator cycle to the other NCU of the link group. In this case, the
$A_LINK_TRANS_RATE system variable is also decremented in the same interpolator cycle
so that the updated value is available for the synchronized action in the following N125 block.
3.2.2.7 Example: Structure of the link variables memory

The following data are defined for the link communication:
Data format Number Bytes per data Bytes required

BYTE 2 1 2
WORD 1 2 2
DWORD 3 4 12
REAL 1 8 8
required size of the link variables memory: 24
Memory structure
The data is arranged in the link variables memory as follows, with the data format limits taken
into account:
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
/LQNYDULDEOHVPHPRU\
0'01B00B6,=(2)B/,1.9$5B'$7$
,QGH[ %<7( %<7( :25' ':25'
':25' ':25'
5($/
Figure 3-8 Example: Structure of the link variables memory
Note
Memory structure
The data in the link variables memory is always arranged randomly and may therefore appear
different (although the data format limits will still be taken into account).
Access via a link variable must be programmed as follows, in accordance with the memory
structure defined:
Program code Description

$A_DLB[0] ; BYTE(1)
$A_DLB[1] ; BYTE(2)
$A_DLW[2] ; WORD
$A_DLD[4] ; DWORD(1)
$A_DLR[16] ; REAL
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
3.2.2.8 Example: Read drive data
Task
A system contains two NCUs (NCU1/NCU2). The NCUs are connected via the NCU link. The
MA2 machine axis of NCU1 (drive 2) travels in interpolation mode as link axis for NCU2. The
actual current value of drive 2 should be transferred for evaluation from NCU1 to NCU2. The
figure below shows the basic design of the system.
1&8OLQNYLD352),1(7
1&8 1&8 1&8 1&8

/LQNPRGXOH /LQNPRGXOH
1&B$;
/RJPDFKLQHD[LVLPDJH
0'
$;
$;
$;
$;
$;
01B$;&21)B/2*,&B0$&+$;B7$%
0DFKLQHD[HV
0$
0$
0$
0$
0$
0$
0$
0'
01B$;&21)B0$&+$;B1$0(B7$%
'ULYH
'ULYH
'ULYH
'ULYH
'ULYH
'ULYH
Requirement
The actual current value for drive 2 (NCU1/MA2) can be read via the $VA_CURR system
variable. In the case of PROFIdrive-based drives, the following machine data item needs to
be set for this purpose:
MD36730 $MA_DRIVE_SIGNAL_TRACKING = 1 (acquisition of additional actual drive values)
Setting the machine data makes the following drive actual values available:
● $AA_LOAD, $VA_LOAD (drive capacity utilization in %)
● $AA_POWER, $VA_POWER (drive active power in W)
● $AA_TORQUE, $VA_TORQUE (drive torque setpoint in Nm)
● $AA_CURR, $VA_CURR (actual current value of axis or spindle in A)
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
Programming
NCU1
A static synchronized action is used to write cyclically in the interpolation cycle the actual
current value $VA_CURR of axis 2 (NCU1/MA2) via the link variable $A_DLR[0] (REAL value)
to the first 8 bytes of the link variables memory:
Program code
IDS=1 WHENEVER TRUE DO $A_DLR[0]=$VA_CURR[MA2]
NCU2
With a static synchronized action, the transferred actual current value is read cyclically in the
interpolator cycle via link variable $A_DLR[0]. If the actual current value is greater than 23 A,
alarm 61000 is displayed.
Program code
IDS=1 WHEN $A_DLR[0] > 23.0 DO SETAL(61000)
3.2.3 Link axes

A link axis is designated as a machine axis for which the setpoints are generated by a different
NCU than that to which the machine axis is physically connected. Link axes in conjunction with
axis containers (see Section "Axis container (Page 104)") permit in complex plants, such as
rotary indexing machines with several NCUs, the alternate use of machine axes of the NCU
of the link group.
The following figure shows as example an MA1 machine axis connected to the NCU1. The
MA2 machine axis is connected to the NCU2. The X and Z channel axes travel in interpolation
mode by a part program that runs in a channel of NCU1. The setpoints are generated in the
NCU1 interpolator. For machine axis MA1, they are forwarded to the position control of the
NCU1. For machine axis MA2, they are transferred via the NCU link to the position control of
the NCU2 and output there to the drive.
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
1&8OLQN
1&8 1&8
&KDQQHO
1*)
1;=
&KDQQHOD[HV
0'
;
=
1&B$; 0&B$;&21)B&+$1$;B1$0(B7$%
/RJPDFKLQHD[LVLPDJH
$;
$;
$;
0'
01B$;&21)B/2*,&B0$&+$;B7$%
0DFKLQHD[HV
0$
0$
0'
; 01B$;&21)B0$&+$;B1$0(B7$%
'ULYH
'ULYH
/RFDOD[LV /LQND[LV
Figure 3-9 Link axes
Requirement
The use of link axes requires a link communication defined in accordance with "Section Link
communication (Page 83)".
Home NCU
The home NCU of a link axis is the NCU on which it is physically connected as machine axis.
The position control and the exchange of axial NC/PLC interface signals of a link axis always
occurs on the home NCU. The generation of the setpoint can in principle be performed on any
NCU of the link group.
In the above figure:
● NCU1: Home NCU of machine axis MA1
● NCU2: Home NCU of machine axis MA2
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
3.2.3.2 Name of a link axis

The name of a link axis is composed of the identifier for the home NCU on which the machine
axis is physically connected and the general machine axis name AXn:
NC<ID>_<axis>
<ID>: Identification of the NCU of the link group in accordance with:

MD12510 $MN_NCU_LINKNO
See Section "Parameter assignment: Link communication (Page 89)"
<axis>: General machine axis name: AX1, AX2, AX3, ...
3.2.3.3 Parameterization
Assignment: Geometry axis or special axis to link axis
Direct assignment
A geometry or special axis can be assigned directly to a link axis in the logical machine axis
image by specification of the link axis name:
MD10002 $MA_AXCONF_LOGIC_MACHAX_TAB[ <axis>] = <link axis>
Parameters Meaning
<axis>: Machine axis index: 0, 1, 2, … (max. number of machine axes - 1)
<link axis>: Name of the link axis: NCx_AXy, see Section "Name of a link axis (Page 100)"
Indirect assignment
A geometry or special axis can be assigned to a link axis indirectly in the logical machine axis
image by specification of a container slot. The container slot then contains the actual name of
the link axis, as described above. This is called a container-link axis. See also Section: "Axis
container (Page 104)".
Synchronous setpoint output

A delay of one interpolator cycle results during the transfer of the setpoints of a link axis for
the setpoint-generating NCU to the home NCU. To ensure that the setpoints for the
interpolation of local axes and link axes are output to the drives at exactly the same time, this
delay must be compensated. To do this, on the setpoint-generating NCU, the number of buffer
elements of the buffer between the interpolator and the position controller must be set one
element larger than the number of buffer elements of the home NCU:
MD18720 $MN_MM_SERVO_FIFO_SIZE= 3
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
Example
1&8
*HRPHWU\D[LVQDPH *HRPHWU\D[HVXVHGLQWKHFKDQQHO &KDQQHOD[LVQDPH
0' 0' 0'
0&B$;&21)B*(2$;B1$0(B7$% 0&B$;&21)B*(2$;B$66,*1B7$% 0&B$;&21)B&+$1$;B1$0(B7$%
&KDQQHO &KDQQHO &KDQQHO
; ;
= =
VWJHRPHWU\D[LV>@ ; VWFKDQQHOD[LV>@ ;

QGJHRPHWU\D[LV>@ = QGFKDQQHOD[LV>@ =
UGJHRPHWU\D[LV>@ UGFKDQQHOD[LV>@

0DFKLQHD[HVXVHGLQWKHFKDQQHO /RJLFDOPDFKLQHD[LVLPDJH
0'0&B$;&21)B0$&+$;B86(' 0'01B$;&21)B/2*,&B0$&+$;B7$%

&KDQQHO

1&B$;
1&B$;
&KDQQHO

$;
$;

Figure 3-10 Example: Parameterization of link axes
Channel 1
The local AX1/AX2 machine axes of the NCU1 are assigned to the X/Z geometry axes.
Channel 2
The NC2_AX1/NC2_AX2 link axes of the NCU2 are assigned to the X/Z geometry axes.
3.2.3.4 Auxiliary function output for spindles

During program execution and after block search with "search via program test" (SERUPRO),
the pre-defined auxiliary functions S, M3, M4, M5, M19 and M70 are output channel-specific
on the NCU on which the spindle has been programmed and also axis-specific on the home
NCU.
Output of the channel-specific auxiliary functions

● DB21, ... DBW68 (extended address of the M function)
● DB21, ... DBD70 (M function 1)
● DB21, ... DBW98 (extended address of S function 1)
● DB21, ... DBD100 (S function 1)
Output of the axis-specific auxiliary functions

● DB31, ... DBD78 (F function for axis)
● DB31, ... DBW86 (M function for spindle)
● DB31, ... DBD88 (S function for spindle)
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
References
Detailed information about the auxiliary function output can be found in:
Function Manual, Basic Functions, "Help function outputs to the PLC (H2)" section
3.2.3.5 Supplementary conditions
Maximum number of machine axes

Even for the use of link axes, as previously, the maximum number of concurrently-usable
geometry and special axes as well as machine axes are still available for each NCU type.
"Lead link axes and "link axes" functions

As the functions "lead link axes" and "link axes" require different settings in machine data
MD18720 $MN_MM_SERVO_FIFO_SIZE, they cannot be used within a link group at the same
time.
Alarms: General behavior

If an error is detected at the position control level of the home NCU of a link axis and the
relevant alarm does not have "NC not ready" as response, the alarm is transferred via the NCU
link to the setpoint-generating NCU and then output.
Alarms: Behavior for emergency stop

If an emergency stop request is activated for an NCU via the NC/PLC interface, all axes
physically connected to this NCU will be switched to the "follow-up" mode. This also affects
link axes whose setpoints are currently generated by other NCUs. Under the assumption that
no further practical machining operations are then possible on these NCUs, an additional alarm
will be generated that stops all dependent axis movements.
Alarm acknowledgement
This additional alarm must be acknowledged by an NC reset. If the original alarm is still active
at this time, although the additional alarm can be acknowledged, an additional self-clearing
alarm will be generated that prevents a traversal of the axes or a program start until the original
alarm has been acknowledged.
Alarms: Response for "NC not ready" alarm response

If an error is detected at the position control level of the home NCU of a link axis and the
relevant alarm does not have "NC not ready" as response, the alarm is transferred to the
setpoint-generating NCU via the NCU link and output there. The alarm output is also made on
the home NCU.
Under the assumption that no further practical machining operations are then possible on the
setpoint-generating NCU, an additional alarm will be generated that stops all dependent axis
movements.
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
Alarm acknowledgement
See alarm acknowledgement under "Alarms: Behavior for emergency stop"
Alarms: Behavior for "Mode group not ready" alarm response

If an error is detected within a mode group with several channels and the relevant alarm has
"Mode group not ready" as response, this causes the traversing movements in all channels of
the mode group to stop. If the traversing movements are generally independent of each other,
the response via the following machine data item can be changed to "Channel not ready":
MD11412 $MN_ALARM_REACTION_CHAN_NOREADY = TRUE
Effect
In the NC/PLC interface, instead of signal DB11 DBX26.3 (mode group ready), the signal
DB21, DBX36.5 (channel ready), is reset.
Advantage
The alarm response remains limited to the channel in which the error is detected. If required,
the PLC user program can initiate further responses.
Requirement
There is no higher-priority alarm response than "Mode group not ready".
Compensations
The following compensations are not available:
● Link axes: Quadrant error compensation (QEC)
● Container link axes: Sag compensation (CEC)
Switch-off an NCU in a link group

If an NCU in a link group is switched off, the machining on all other NCUs of the link group will
be cancelled and an alarm issued.
Powering up an NCU group

If an NCK reset is triggered on an NCU in a link group, it will also be transferred to all other
NCUs of the link group so that all NCUs of the link group perform a warm restart.
Nibbling and punching technologies

The fast inputs/outputs required for the nibbling and punching must be connected and
parameterized on the NCU on which the part program is processed and the axes interpolated.
The commands for "High-speed nibbling and punching", e.g. PONS and SONS, are not available
for link axes.
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
Frames
A link axis is permitted in a Frame command only when it is a geometry axis. The Frame
command changes only the geometry in the channel to which the link axis is currently assigned.
Speed/torque coupling, master-slave

The drives of all axes/spindles of a master-slave group must be connected to the same NCU.
The master axis can, however, be traversed as link axis for the channel of another NCU.
3.2.4 Axis container

An axis container is a circular data structure with a parameterized number of elements. These
elements together with axis containers, are designated as slots (Slot 1, Slot 2, ... Slot n). The
slots allow a variable assignment of geometry and/or special axes to machine axes. The entry
in a slot can reference an NCU-local machine axis (container axis) or a link axis (container-link
axis).
The following figure shows an axis container with four slots. The container axes refer in the
current position of the axis container to the following machine axes:
Container axis Machine axis

CT1_SL1 NCU 1: AX1
CT1_SL2 NCU 1: AX2
CT1_SL3 NCU 2: AX1
CT1_SL4 NCU 2: AX2
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Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
Rules
The following rules must be observed with regard to axis containers:
● All machine axes of an axis container may be assigned to just one channel axis at any one
time.
● Multiple slots of an axis container must not reference the same machine axis.
● At any one time, only one channel is authorized to write to a machine axis, directly or via
a container axis.
● Several geometry and/or special axes of a channel can also be assigned to the container
axes of an axis container.
Assignment: Geometry or special axis → container axis

In the logical machine axis image MD10002 $MN_AXCONF_LOGIC_MACHAX_TAB, a
container axis can be assigned as a machine axis via container and slot to a geometry or
special axis, e.g. CONTAINER "CT1", slot "1":
MD10002 $MN_AXCONF_LOGIC_MACHAX_TAB[ n ] = CT1_SL1
During the traversing of the geometry or special axis, the machine axis assigned at this time
to slot 1 then traverses.
Axis container rotation

An axis container rotation is always performed when all channels involved on the axis container
have granted their enable with a program command. After the axis container rotation, other
machine axes are assigned to the geometry or special axes of the channels.
The setting data specifies the increment of an axis container rotation.
See Section "Parameterization (Page 107)".
Axis container name

The following program commands can be addressed via the axis container name (<axis
container>):
● Program commands:
– AXCTSWE(<axis container>)
– AXCTSWED(<axis container>)
– AXCTSWEC(<axis container>)
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
The following names are possible:
CT<container number>: The number of the axis container is attached to the CT letter
combination.
Example: CT3
<container name>: Individual name of the axis container set using
MD12750 $MN_AXCT_NAME_TAB
Example: A_CONT3
<axis name>: Axis name of a container axis which is known in the channel in‐
volved.
Implicit wait
There is an implicit wait for the completion of a requested axis container rotation if one of the
following events has occurred:
● Part program language commands which will cause a container axis assigned to this axis
container in this channel to move
● GET(<channel axis name>) on a corresponding container axis
● The next AXCTSWE(<axis container>) for this axis container
Note
Even an IC(0) will result in a wait including synchronization where necessary (block-by-
block change in addressing according to incremental dimension even though an absolute
dimension has been set globally).
Synchronization with axis position

If the new container axis assigned to the channel after a container rotation does not have the
same absolute machine position as the previous axis, then the container is synchronized with
the new position (internal REORG).
Note
SD41700 $SN_AXCT_SWWIDTH[<axis container>] is only updated for a new configuration.
If, after incremental rotation of the RTM/MS, the position of a circuit before the initial position
is reached, the container can be rotated normally in the forward direction to reach the initial
position of the container again. The drum or rotary table must however be turned back to the
original position, so that measuring and supply cables are not twisted.
See also
System variable (Page 115)
Programming (Page 113)
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
Machine data

MD12750 AXCT_NAME_TAB Name of the axis container
MD12760 AXCT_FUNCTION_MASK.Bit x Axis container-specific functions
MD1270x AXCT_AXCONF_ASSIGN_TABx Assignment of machine axes to the slots of an axis container
MD18720 MM_SERVO_FIFO_SIZE Size of the IPO/SERVO data buffer
Note:
The value 3 must be set on all participating NCUs for cross-NCU axis
containers.
Name of the axis container

MD12750 $MN_AXCT_NAME_TAB[ <index> ] = "<name>"
Parameters Meaning
<index>: 0, 1, … max. axis container index
<name>: Name of the axis container (e.g. CT1)
Axis container-specific functions

MD12760 $MN_AXCT_FUNCTION_MASK.Bit x = <value>
Parameters <value> Meaning

Bit 0: 0 For a direct axis container connection (AXCTSWED), all other chan‐
nels must be in the RESET state.
1 For a direct axis container connection (AXCTSWED), only other chan‐
nels that have the interpolation authorization to axes of the axis con‐
tainer need to be in the RESET state.
The machine data is used to activate the axis container-specific functions.
Assignment of machine axes to the slots of an axis container

MD1270x $MN_AXCT_AXCONF_ASSIGN_TABx[ <index> ] = <axis>
Parameters Meaning
x: 1 … max. number of axis containers
<index>: 0, 1, … max. slot index
<axis>: Name of a local machine axis (e.g. AX1)
Name of a link axis. See Section "General information (Page 98)".
The slots within an axis container must be assigned in ascending order without gaps, starting
with slot index 0.
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
Setting data
Increment of an axis container rotation

SD41700 $SN_AXCT_SWWIDTH[<index>]=<increment>
Parameters Meaning
<index>: 0, 1, … max. axis container index
<increment>: Number of slots through which the axis container rotates
Illustration of the axis container rotation

The axis container rotation is enabled by means of program commands. See Section
"Programming (Page 113)".
In the left-hand part of the figure "Axis container rotation, Fig. 1," the link axis NCU1_AX1 is
assigned to slot 1 in the initial setting of the axis container.
After the rotation with an increment of 1 (right-hand side), the link axis NCU2_ AX2 is assigned
to slot 1.
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Based on the initial setting stated above, the link axis NCU2_ AX1 is assigned to slot 1 after
a rotation with an increment of 2, (figure "Axis container rotation, Fig. 2," left part).
Based on the initial setting stated above, the link axis NCU1_ AX2 is assigned to slot 1 after
a rotation with an increment of -1 (figure "Axis container rotation, Fig. 2," right part).
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
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Axis container with container-link axes

The parameterization of an axis container that contains container-link axes must be made on
the master NCU of the link group (MD12510 $MN_NCU_LINKNO == 1).
Alignment of axial machine data

For container axes, all axial machine data marked with the "CTEQ" (container equal) attribute
must have the same value for all container axes. Any different values will be aligned
automatically.
Control startup
During the control startup, all machine data will be aligned to the values of the container axis
of the first slot. If the value of a machine data item changes, the following message will be
displayed: "The axial machine data of the axes in axis container <n> has been adapted".
Activate machine data

If a machine data item of any container axis is changed, the new value also becomes
immediately available in all other container axes. The following message is displayed:
"Caution: This MD will be set for all container axes".
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
Slot change
If a slot of an axis container is assigned another machine axis, (MD127xx
AXCT_AXCONF_ASSIGN_TAB<x>), the following message is displayed: "The machine data
of the axes in axis container <n> will be adapted at the next startup".
Note
Container-link axes
For container-link axes, a machine data alignment is performed for all NCUs of the link group
involved on the axis container.
Parameter example
Assumptions
NCU Components
NCU1: Channel 1, X/Z geometry axes → 1st/2nd channel axis
Channel 2, X/Z geometry axes → 1st/2nd channel axis
Machine axes: AX1, AX2
CT1 axis container with four slots
NCU2: Machine axes: AX1, AX2
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
Parameter assignment: NCU1
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Effect
By programming the X and Z geometry axes in the 1st and 2nd channel of the NCU1, the
following axes traverse in the current position of the container:
● The local AX1 and AX2 machine axes of the NCU1.
● As container-link axes, the AX1 and AX2 machine axes of the NCU2.
For the axis container rotation, see Section "Programming (Page 113)".
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
Notes on the parameter assignment
Container axis distribution and communications utilization

In the case of a plant with several NCUs that traverse alternately axes of other NCUs (link
axes) in conjunction with axis containers, the type and manner how the link axes are distributed
within the axis container decide on the utilization of the link communication.
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② Red slot: Refers to a drive connected to the NCU2
③ Drives connected to NCU1
④ Drives connected to NCU2
Figure 3-15 Axis distribution
● Symmetrical axis distribution

In the case of a symmetrical axis distribution, each NCU first traverses only local axes. This
means no link communication occurs. Provided all NCUs only traverse link axes, each
transition of the axis container increases the utilization of the link communication up to a
maximum.
● Asymmetrical axis distribution
For an asymmetric axis distribution, each NCU traverses local and link axes from the
beginning. Unlike with symmetrical axis distribution, this results in a constant average
utilization of the link communication.
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
Drive distribution and communications utilization

In a system with several NCUs that in conjunction with axis containers alternately traverse
axes of another NCU (link axes), the distribution of the drives connected to the NCU decides
the utilization of the link communication.
● Symmetric drive distribution
In the case of a symmetric drive distribution, the drives addressed via the axis container
are connected to both NCUs. On account of this arrangement, the maximum possible
number of drives can still be addressed via the logical machine axes images (LAI) on both
NCUs.
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● Asymmetric drive distribution

In the case of an asymmetric drive distribution, the drives addressed via the axis container
are only connected to NCU1. On account of this arrangement, the maximum possible
number of drives can only be addressed via the logical machine axes images (LAI) on
NCU2. Only the maximum number minus the drives used by NCU2 can be addressed via
the LAI of NCU1. In order to also be able to use the maximum number of drives on NCU1,
they must be connected to NCU2 and addressed from NCU1 via the NCU link. This results
in a higher cyclic link communication load.
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3.2.4.3 Programming
Function
The AXCTSWE or AXCTSWED commands are used to enable the rotation of the specified axis
container.
Any previously set enable for axis container rotation is cancelled with the AXCTSWEC command.
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
Syntax
AXCTSWE(<ID>)
AXCTSWED(<ID>)
AXCTSWEC(<ID)
Meaning
AXCTSWE: Enable for rotation of the axis container

The program processing is not stopped by AXCTSWE.
The rotation is performed as soon as all channels involved on the axis con‐
tainer have been enabled.
The increment of an axis container rotation is set via the SD41700
$SN_AXCT_SWWIDTH setting data (see Section "Parameterization
(Page 107)")
AXCTSWED: Enable to rotate the axis container without consideration of the other channels
involved on the axis container
The increment of an axis container rotation is set via the SD41700
$SN_AXCT_SWWIDTH setting data (see Section "Parameterization
(Page 107)")
Note
● Command variant to simplify the commissioning of the part program or
synchronized action.
● The behavior with regard to the other channels involved on the axis
container can be specified via:
MD12760 $MN_ AXCT_FUNCTION_MASK, bit 0
See Section "Parameterization (Page 107)".
AXCTSWEC: Canceling the enable to rotate the axis container
Note
The enable for rotating an axis container can only be cancelled when the
rotation has yet not been started:
$AN_AXCTSWA[<axis container>] == 0
See Section "System variable (Page 115)"
<ID>: Name of the axis container or a container axis:
CT<number>: Default identifier of an axis container:
Example: CT1
<Container>: User-specific name of an axis container:
Example: CONTAINER_1
<axis>: Name of a known container axis in the channel
References
The use of the AXCTSWEC command in synchronized actions is described in detail in:
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
Synchronized Actions Function Manual, Section "Detailed description" > "Actions in

synchronized actions" > "Cancel release for axis container rotation (AXCTSWEC)"
Container-specific system variable
System variable Description

$AC_AXCTSWA[<ID>] Channel-specific status of the axis container rotation
$AN_AXCTSWA[<ID>] NCU-specific status of the axis container rotation
$AN_AXCTSWE[<ID>] Slot-specific status of the axis container rotation
$AN_AXCTAS[<ID>] Number of slots through which the axis container was just switched
through.
ID: Axis container name or name of a container axis
NC-specific system variable

$AN_LAI_AX_IS_AXCTAX 1)
Status: LAI axis == container axis
of the machine axes in the logical machine axis image
(MD10002 $MN_AXCONF_LOGIC_MACHAX_TAB)
regarding axis container.
$AN_LAI_AX_IS_LEADLINKAX 1) Status: LAI axis == lead-link axis
$AN_LAI_AX_IS_LINKAX 1) Status: LAI axis == link axis
$AN_LAI_AX_TO_IPO_NC_CHANAX[<ID>] Channel and channel axis number or NCU-ID and the
global axis number
$AN_LAI_AX_TO_MACHAX[<ID>] NCU-ID and axis number of the machine axis
1) Bit mask: Bit n ≙ LAI axis (n+1) from MD10002 $MN_AXCONF_LOGIC_MACHAX_TAB
ID: LAI axis number
NCU-ID: Value from MD12510 $MN_NCU_LINKNO
References
A detailed description of the system variables can be found in:
System Variables, List Manual
See also
Evaluating axis container system variables (Page 127)
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
3.2.4.5 Machining with axis container (schematic)
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3.2.4.6 Behavior in different operating states
Startup (Power On)

In the startup the controller, with regard to the slot assignment, the initial state defined in the
machine data is always assumed irrespective in which state of the axis container the control
was switched off:
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
MD1270x $MN_AXCT_AXCONF_ASSIGN_TABx
Note
Alignment between setpoint and actual status
After a controller startup, it is the sole responsibility of the user / machine manufacturer to
detect any difference between the status of the axis container and the machine status and to
compensate for this with a suitable axis container rotation.
Mode change
A container axis whose axis container in the Automatic mode was enabled for rotation cannot
be traversed after a change in the JOG mode.
Channel-specific Reset state

As soon as a channel involved on the axis container is in the Reset state, no enable for axis
container rotation is required for this channel. It suffices to enable the remaining active
channels.
Block search
An axis container rotation (AXCTSWE) cannot be enabled and activated in one block, but the
enabling and activation commands must be programmed in separate action blocks. In other
words, the axis container status changes in response to each separate rotation command as
a function of the status of other channels.
3.2.4.7 Behavior when withdrawing the release for axis container rotation
TheAXCTSWE command enables the channel-specific axis container rotation for an axis
container. The AXCTSWEC command cancels the enable.
The following figure shows an example the sequence of an axis container rotation as
represented in the axis container-specific system variables. Two channels for two NCUs are
always involved on the axis container.
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
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① NCU1, channel1: Enable issued using the AXCTSWE command

② NCU2, channel2: Enable issued using the AXCTSWE command
③ NCU1, channel2: Enable issued via AXCTSWE command → all enables of all channels are now
present in the NCU1 → the overall enable status of NCU1 is transferred to NCU2 via link com‐
munication
④ NCU2, channel1: Enable issued via AXCTSWE command → all enables of all channels are now
present in the NCU2 → the overall enable status of NCU2 is transferred to NCU1 via link com‐
munication
All enable signals for all channels (NCU2 and NCU1) are now present in NCU2 → the axis
container rotation is performed in NCU2
⑤ NCU1: All enable signals for all channels (NCU1 and NCU2) are now present in NCU1 → the
axis container rotation is performed in NCU1
⑥ NCU1/NCU2: axis container rotation has been completed
Figure 3-19 Cross-NCU enable and axis container rotation
To allow a previously granted enable to be canceled, the enable for at least one of the channels
(NCU1 or NCU2) involved on the axis container must still be pending at the time of the
cancellation. This means the cancel must be made before time ④.
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
Withdrawal is no longer possible as soon as all enable signals are available from all channels
of all NCUs (instant in time ④). In this case, the AXCTSWEC command has no effect. No
feedback is sent to the user.
See also
Programming (Page 113)
Axis mode
If a container axis in axis mode or as a positioning spindle (POSA, SPOSA) traverses, the axis
container rotates only after reaching the programmed end position.
Spindle
● A container axis active as a spindle continues to rotate during an axis container rotation.
● The control type of a spindle (speed / position control) refers to the associated machine
axis. The set control type "moves" with the machine axis when an axis container rotates.
● For commands that refer to the master spindle of the channel, a machine axis with the
corresponding spindle number must exist in the channel at the time of execution of the
command:
MD35000 $MA_SPIND_ASSIGN_TO_MACHAX[ <axis>] == number of the master spindle
Note
It is the sole responsibility of the user / machine manufacturer to ensure for spindles as
container axes that an appropriate machine axis must still exist in the channel after an axis
container rotation for the master spindle.
Work offsets
Note
It is the sole responsibility of the user / machine manufacturer to ensure that after an axis
container rotation the effective work offsets in the channel are adapted to the changed machine
axis assignments.
Continuous-path mode
If continuous-path mode is active in the channel and an axis container rotation is performed,
a subsequent programming of a container axis interrupts the continuous-path mode. The
interruption also occurs even when the container axis not a path axis.
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
PLC axis
If a container axis whose axis container has been enabled for rotation becomes a PLC axis,
the status change occurs only after completion of the axis container rotation.
Command axis
If a container axis whose axis container has been enabled for rotation traverses as a command
axis, the traversing movement is performed only after completion of the axis container rotation.
Oscillating axis
If a container axis whose axis container has been enabled for rotation becomes an oscillation
axis, the status change occurs only after completion of the axis container rotation.
External work offset

The "external work offset" is based on the machine coordinate system (MCS). Therefore, for
an active "external work offset", one of the container axes rejects the axis container rotation
with alarm 4022.
Axial frames
The axial frame of a channel axis, which is also a container axis, is no longer valid after an
axis container rotation. Since the axis container rotation assigns a new machine axis to the
channel axis, but the axial frame is referred to a machine axis, the rotation also changes the
axial frame. If the two frames do not coincide, a synchronization process (internal REORG) is
performed.
Note
The assignment between a channel axis and a machine axis is altered by the axis container
rotation. The current frames remain unchanged after a rotation. The user is responsible for
ensuring that the correct frames are selected after a rotation by programming basic frame
masks, for example.
Transformation
If a container axis is involved as a spindle in a transformation, the transformation must be
deselected before the enable of the axis container rotation.
Axis couplings
If an axis coupling is active for a container axis, the coupling with COUPOF must be deselected
before the enable of the axis container rotation. After completion of the rotation, the coupling
can be immediately selected again with COUPON. A new define of the coupling is not required.
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
Gantry axis
A gantry axis cannot be a container axis.
Travel to fixed limit

If a container axis is at the limit stop, no axis container rotation can be performed.
Drive alarms
If a drive alarm is pending for a container axis, the axis container rotation is not performed.
3.2.5 Lead link axes

If, for an axis coupling, the the machine axes of the leading and following axes are not
connected to the same NCU, the coupling must be established using a link axis of the NCU of
the following axis. In this case, the link axis is designated as lead-link axis.
The setpoints of the master axis are transferred synchronously in the interpolator cycle via the
NCU link to the lead-link axis. Similarly, in the opposite direction, the actual values and the
status data of the lead-link and the following axis are transferred to the leading axis.
The lead-link axis is parameterized as local leading axis of the following axis.
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Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
Coupled axes
Lead link axes can be used in conjunction with following axis couplings:
● Master value coupling
● Coupled motion
● Tangential tracking
● Electronic gear (ELG)
● Synchronous spindle
Requirement
The NCU must communicate via the NCU link. See Section "Link communication (Page 83)"
Link communication

MD12510 NCU_LINKNO Unique numerical identification of the NCU within the link group. The
identifiers must be assigned without any gaps in ascending ordering
starting from 1.
Value range: 1, 2, ... Maximum NCU number
Note:
The NCU to which the value 1 is assigned as NCU identification is the
master NCU of the link group. The parameterization of link axes and axis
containers may only be made with the machine and setting data of the
master NCU.
MD18780 MM_NCU_LINK_MASK.Bit 0 Activation of the link communication
MD18781 NCU_LINK_CONNECTIONS Number of internal link connections
Note:
It is recommended to retain the default value 0 (determination of the
number by the NC).
MD18782 MM_LINK_NUM_OF_MODULES Number of NCUs to be connected with one another via NCU link.
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
Setpoint synchronization

MD18720 MM_SERVO_FIFO_SIZE Size of the IPO/SERVO data buffer
The transfer of the setpoints of the leading axis via the NCU link to the
NCU of the lead-link axis produces a deadtime of two interpolator cycles.
The dead time is compensated by parameterizing the sizes of the IPO/
SERVO data buffer on the NCU of the leading axis and the NCU of the
lead-link axis:
● NCU of the leading axis: 4
● NCU of the lead-link axis: 2
Note
With the simultaneous use of lead link axes and cross-NCU axis containers, the axis container
means machine data MD18720 $MN_MM_SERVO_FIFO_SIZE = 3 must be set. This means
a synchronous output of the setpoints for leading and following axis is not possible. The offset
then has the size of one interpolator cycle.
Leading, lead-link and following axis

MD10000 AXCONF_MACHAX_NAME_TAB Machine axis name
MD10002 AXCONF_LOGIC_MACHAX_TAB Logical machine axis image
Channel-specific machine data
Number Identifier $MC_ Meaning

MD20070 AXCONF_MACHAX_USED Used machine axis
Axis-specific machine data
Number Identifier $MA_ Meaning

MD30554 AXCONF_ASSIGN_MASTER_NCU Master NCU
If a machine axis can be traversed for several NCUs, one NCU must
be defined as master NCU. The setpoint generation is made after the
startup of the control for this NCU.
Extended Functions
3.2 NCU link
3.2.5.3 System variables to enter a leading value

Leading values can be specified on the NCU of the leading axis using the following system
variable:
● Position leading value: $AA_LEAD_SP[<leading axis>]
● Velocity leading value: $AA_LEAD_SV[<leading axis>]
When making a change, the values are also transferred to the NCU of the following axis per
NCU link.
Note
These system variables have a lower transfer priority than those of the link variables.

The following supplementary conditions must be observed:
● The leading axis cannot be a link axis
● The leading axis cannot be a container axis
● The leading axis cannot be a gantry axis
● The leading axis may only be replaced within its own NCU (see Section "Axis
replacement (Page 363)")
● Couplings with lead link axes must not be cascaded
● A lead link axis must not be traversed independently of the leading axis
Note
"Lead link axes and "link axes" functions
Because the "lead link axes and "link axes" functions require different settings in machine
data: MD18720 $MN_MM_SERVO_FIFO_SIZE, they cannot be used simultaneously within
a link group.
3.2.5.5 Example
A detailed example for parameterizing and programming an axis coupling with lead-link axis
is provided in the Section: "Examples" > "Lead link axis (Page 138)".
3.2.6 System of units within a link group

For a cross-NCU interpolation, the same system of units must be active on all NCUs of the
link group.
Extended Functions
3.3 Examples
Common system of units changeover via HMI

The following conditions must be fulfilled for all NCUs of the link group in order that a system
of units changeover can be made from the HMI user interface of an NCU of the link group as
well as on all other NCUs of the link group:
● MD10260 $MN_CONVERT_SCALING_SYSTEM = 1
● For all channels:
MD20110 $MC_RESET_MODE_MASK, Bit 0 = 1
● All channels are in the reset state
● No axis is traversed in the JOG or DRF mode or via the PLC
● The function "constant grinding wheel peripheral speed (GWPS)" is not active.
If, on one NCU of the link group, one of the specified conditions is not fulfilled, then the system
of units changeover is not made on any of the NCUs of the link group.
Different systems of units

Different systems of units are possible in spite of an active link group, as long as no cross NCU
interpolation takes place. The system of units settings are made for a specific NCU in the part
program or synchronous action using G commands (G70, G71, G700, G710).
References
Function Manual, Basic Functions; Velocities, Setpoint-Actual Value Systems, Closed-Loop
Control (G2)
3.3 Examples
3.3.1 Link axis
Parameter example for two NCUs each with a link axis
NCU1
Machine data Note

General link data:
$MN_NCU_LINKNO = 1 Master NCU
$MN_MM_NCU_LINK_MASK = 1 Set NCU-link active
$MN_MM_SERVO_FIFO_SIZE = 3 Size of the data buffer between interpolation and position con‐
trol
$MN_MM_LINK_NUM_OF_MODULES = 2 Number of link modules
Logical machine axis image (LAI):
$MN_AXCONF_LOGIC_MACHAX_TAB[0] = "AX1" Local machine axis
Extended Functions
3.3 Examples
Machine data Note

$MN_AXCONF_LOGIC_MACHAX_TAB[2] = "NC2_AX3" Link axis
Machine axis name, unique system-wide as NCU identifier:
$MN_AXCONF_MACHAX_NAME_TAB[0] = "NC1_A1"
Assignment of channel axis to machine axis:
$MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[0] = 1 1. Channel axis to the machine axis of LAI[0]
$MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[2]=3 3. Channel axis to the machine axis of LAI[2]
NCU2
Machine data Note

General link data:
$MN_NCU_LINKNO = 2 Slave NCU
$MN_MM_NCU_LINK_MASK = 1 Set NCU-link active
$MN_MM_SERVO_FIFO_SIZE = 3 Size of the data buffer between interpolation and position con‐
trol
$MN_MM_LINK_NUM_OF_MODULES = 2 Number of link modules
Logical machine axis image (LAI):
$MN_AXCONF_LOGIC_MACHAX_TAB[2] = "NC1_AX3" Link axis
Machine axis name, unique system-wide as NCU identifier:
Assignment of channel axis to machine axis:
$MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[2]=3 3. Channel axis to the machine axis of LAI[2]
3.3.2 Axis container coordination
The characteristic as a function of time is displayed from top to bottom in the following tables.
The data are valid on condition that only two channels have axes in the container.
Extended Functions
3.3 Examples
3.3.2.1 Axis container rotation without a part program wait
Channel 1 Channel 2 Comment

AXCTWE(C1) Part program ... Channel 1 enables the axis container for
rotation.
Part program without movement of a Part program ...
container axis
AXCTSWE(C1) Channel 2 enables the axis container for
rotation, container rotates because both
channels have enabled rotation
Part program with movement of a con‐ Part program with movement of a con‐ Without wait
tainer axis tainer axis
3.3.2.2 Axis container rotation with an implicit part program wait

AXCTWE(C1) Part program ... Channel 1 enables the axis container for
rotation.
Part program with movement of a con‐ Part program ... Channel 1 waits implicitly for axis con‐
tainer axis tainer rotation
AXCTSWE(C1) Channel 2 enables the axis container for
rotation, rotation occurs.
Channel 1 is continued.
3.3.2.3 Axis container rotation by one channel only (e.g. during power up)

AXCTWED(C1) In the RESET state Instantaneous rotation
3.3.3 Evaluating axis container system variables
3.3.3.1 Conditional branch
Channel 1 Comment
N100 AXCTWE(CT1) Channel 1: Enable of the rotation of axis container CT1
MARKER1:
N200 ... Part program without movement of a container axis
IF $AC_AXCTSWA[CT1] == 1 GOTOB MARKE1 IF rotation of axis container CT1 still active
THEN continue with MARKER1
ELSE (rotation of axis container CT1 completed)
N300 ... Part program with movement of a container axis
Extended Functions
3.3 Examples
3.3.3.2 Static synchronized action with $AN_AXCTSWA
Channel 1 Comment
IDS =1 EVERY $AN_AXCTSWA[CT1] == 1 DO M99 Static synchronized action:
Always output auxiliary function M99 at the beginning of an
axis container rotation.
References: Synchronized Actions Function Manual
3.3.3.3 Wait for certain completion of axis container rotation

If you want to wait until the axis container rotation is reliably completed, you can use one of
the examples below selected to suit the relevant situation.
Example 1
rl = $AN_AXCTAS[ctl]; Read current axis container position
AXCTSWE(ctl) ; Permit axis container rotation
WHILE (rl == $AN_AXCTAS[ctl]); Wait until axis container position
ENDWHILE ; has changed
Example 2 for 1st channel

CLEARM(9); Delete synchronization marker 9
AXCTSWE(ctl) ; Permit axis container rotation
; wait with synchronized action until
; axis container rotation is completed
WHEN $AN_AXCTSWA[ctl] == TRUE DO SETM(9) ; Set marker 9 and
WAITMC(9, 1) ; Wait for synchronization marker 9
; in first channel
Example 3.1 Use internal wait

M3 S100 ; Reprogram axis container spindle
; An internal wait takes place for the end of
; axis container rotation

x=IC(0) ; Reprogram axis container axis x
; An internal wait takes place for the end of
; axis container rotation
Extended Functions
3.3 Examples

AXCTSWE(CTL) ; If an axis container is reenabled for rotation,
; an internal wait takes place for the end of the earlier
; axis container rotation.
N2150 WHILE (rl == $AN_AXCTAS[ctl])
Note
Programming in the NC program:
WHILE ($AN_AXCTSWA[n] == 0)
ENDWHILE
cannot be used as a reliable method of determining whether an earlier axis container rotation
has finished. Although in software version 7.x and later, $AN_AXCTSWA performs an implicit
preprocessing stop, this type of programming cannot be used, as the block can be interrupted
by a reorganization. The system variable then returns "0" as the axis container rotation is then
ended.
3.3.4 Configuration of a multi-spindle turning machine
Introduction
The following example describes the use of:
● Several NCUs in the NCU link group
● Flexible configuration with axis containers
Extended Functions
3.3 Examples
Machine description
● Over the circumference of a drum A (front-plane machining), the machine has distributed:
– 4 main spindles, HS1 to HS4
Each main spindle has the possibility of material feed (bars, hydraulic bar feed, axes:
STN1-STN4).
– 4 cross slides
– Each slide has two axes.
– Optionally, a powered tool S1-S4 can operate on each slide.
● Over the circumference of a drum B (back-plane machining), the machine has distributed:
– 4 counterspindles GS1 to GS4
– 4 cross slides
– Each slide has two axes.
– Optionally, a powered tool S5-S8 can operate on each slide.
– Each counterspindle can be moved through a linear axis, for example, for transferring
parts from the main spindle for the rear-plane machining in drum B. (Transfer axes.
Axes: ZG1-ZG4).
● Couplings:
– If drum A rotates, all of the main spindles of this drums are subordinated to a different
group of slides.
– If drum B rotates, all of the counterspindles and all of the transfer axes of this drum are
subordinated to a different group of slides.
– The rotations of drums A and B are autonomous.
– The rotations of drums A and B are limited to 270 degrees.
(range and twisting of supply cables)
Term: Position
Main spindle HSi and counterspindle GSi together with their slides characterize a position.
NCU assignment
The axes and spindles of a position (for this example) are each assigned to an NCU. One of
the NCUs, the master NCU, also controls the axes for rotating drums A and B. The result is 4
NCUs with a maximum of the following axes:
Number of axes
Per NCUi the following axes/spindles must be configured:
Slide 1: Xi1, Zi1
2: Xi2, Zi2
Spindles: HSi, GSi, powered tools: S1, S2
Extended Functions
3.3 Examples
Transfer axis: ZGi

Bar feed: STNi.
For the master NCU, the two axes for rotating drums A and B are added to the above-
mentioned axes. The list shows that it would not be possible to configure the axis number for
a total of 4 positions via an NCU. (Limit 31 axes, 4 + 10 + 2 axes are required).
Axis container
With rotation of drums A/B, HSi, GSi, ZGi and STNi must be assigned to another NCU and must
therefore be configured as link axes in axis containers.
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Extended Functions
3.3 Examples
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Figure 3-22 Two slides per position can also work together on one spindle.
Note
The axes are given the following names in order to clarify the assignments of axes to slides
and positions:
Xij with i slide (1, 2), j position (A-D)
Zij with i slide (1, 2), j position (A-D)
Whereas the positions and their slides remain in one place, main spindles, counterspindles,
bar feed axes STN and transfer axes ZG move to new positions as the result of rotations of
drums V or H.
For example, the axes to be managed per NC when the slide is taken into account are as
follows for the configurations shown in the above diagrams:
Axes of master NCU
Table 3-1 Axes of master NCU: NCUa
Common axes Local axes Remark

TRV (drum V) Only master NCU
TRH (drum H) Only master NCU
X1A Slide 1
Z1A Slide 1
Extended Functions
3.3 Examples
Common axes Local axes Remark

X2A Slide 2
Z2A Slide 2
S1 Slide 1
S2 Slide 2
HS1 Axis container required
GS1 Axis container required
ZG1 Axis container required
STN1 Axis container required
4 8
Axes of the NCUb to NCUd

The NCUs that are not master NCUs have the same axes with the exception of the axes for
the drive for drums TRV and TRH. The letter designating the position must be replaced
accordingly for the NCU and axis name (a, A → b, B to d, D).
Configuration rules
The following rules were applied for the configuration described below:
● Main spindle, counterspindles and axes that are assigned to different NCUs through drum
rotation while they are operating as illustrated in the above diagram "Main spindle ..." must
be configured in an axis container.
(HSi, GSi, ZGi, STNi).
● All main spindles of drum A are in the same container (No. 1).
● All bar feed axes of drum A are in the same container (No. 2).
● All counterspindles of drum B are in the same container (No. 3).
● All transfer axes of drum B are in the same container (No. 4).
● The main spindles HSi and their counterspindles GSi as well as the transfer axes of the
counterspindle ZGi and the bar feed axes STNi of the main spindle are assigned as follows
for reasons of NCU equal load distribution:
NCUa HS1-STN1,
NCUb HS2-STN2, ... etc.
● Slide axes Xij, Zij are purely local axes with fixed NCU assignment.
● Slides are assigned to a dedicated channel of an NCU in each case.
Slides can therefore be moved autonomously.
Extended Functions
3.3 Examples
Configuration options
● Main spindles or counterspindles must be flexibly assigned to the slide.
● The speed of the main spindle and the counterspindle can be defined independently in
each position.
Exceptions:
During the parts change from front-plane machining in drum V to rear-plane machining in
drum H, the speeds of the main spindle and the counterspindle must be synchronized
(synchronous spindle coupling).
In cases where slide 2 also participates in front-plane machining so as to "support" slide 1,
the main spindle speed also applies to slide 2. Similarly if slide 1 participates in rear-plane
machining, the counterspindle speed also applies to slide 1.
Minor changes in speed

Due to the unavoidable time delays incurred in the processing of actual values, abrupt changes
in speed should be avoided during cross-NCU machining operations. See axis data and
signals.
Configuration for NCU1

Uniform use of channel axis names in the part programs:
S4: Main spindle
S3: Counterspindle
X1: Infeed axis
Z1: Longitudinal axis
S1: Driven tool
Z3: Transfer axis
TRV: Drum V for main spindle
TRH: Drum H for counterspindle
STN: Hydraulic bar feed
Axes highlighted in bold characterize the current channel as home channel for the axis in
conjunction with axis replacement.
Table 3-2 NCUa, position: a, channel: 1, slide: 1
Channel axis name ..._MA‐ $MN_ Container, slot Machine axis name
CHAX_USE AXCONF_LOGIC_MA‐ entry (string)
D CHAX_TAB
S4 1 AX1: CT1_SL1 11 HS1
NC1_AX1
S3 2 AX2: CT3_SL1 31 GS1
NC1_AX2
X1 3 AX3: X1A
Z1 4 AX4: Z1A
Extended Functions
3.3 Examples
D CHAX_TAB
Z3 5 AX5: CT4_SL1 41 ZG1
NC1_AX5
S1 6 AX6: WZ1A
STN 7 AX7: CT2_SL1 21 STN1
NC1_AX7
TRV 11 AX11: TRV
TRH 12 AX12: TRH
x2 *
z2 *
Table 3-3 NCUa, position: a, channel: 2, slide: 2
D CHAX_TAB
S4 1 AX1: CT1_SL1 11 HS1
NC1_AX1
S3 2 AX2: CT3_SL1 31 GS1
NC1_AX2
Z3 5 AX5: CT4_SL1 41 ZG1
NC1_AX5
STN 7 AX7: CT2_SL1 21 STN1
NC1_AX7
X2 8 AX8: X2A
Z2 9 AX9: Z2A
S1 10 AX10: WZ2A
x1 *
z1 *
Note
* due to program coordination via axis positions and 4-axis machining in one position
For the entry in a location of the axis container, the format: "NC1_AX.." is required, with the
meaning NC1 = NCU 1. In the above tables, NCUa is mapped to NC1_..., NCUb to NC2_...,
etc.
Extended Functions
3.3 Examples
Further NCUs
The above listed configuration data must be specified accordingly for NCUb to NCUd. The
following must be observed:
● The axes TRA and TRB are only available for NCUa, channel 1.
● The container numbers are retained for the additional NCUs, as specified for the individual
axes.
● The slot numbers are as follows:
NCUb → 2
NCUc → 3
NCUd → 4.
● The machine axis names are as follows:
NCUb → HS2, GS2, ZG2, STN2
NCUc → HS3, GS3, ZG3, STN3
NCUd → HS4, GS4, ZG4, STN4.
Axis container
The information relating to containers given in Table 7-17 and the container entries of the
similarly configured NCUs, NCUb to NCUd, are specified in the following tables, sorted
according to containers and slots, as they have to be set in machine data:
MD12701 $MN_AXCT_AXCONF_ASSIGN_TAB1[slot]
...
MD12716 $MN_AXCT_AXCONF_ASSIGN_TAB16[slot]
whereby slots: 1-4 must be set for the 4 positions of a multi-spindle turning machine:
Note
For the machine data entry
$MN_AXC_AXCONF_ASSIGN_TABi[slot]
the values (without decimal point and machine axis name) that are entered under initial position
in the above tables must be set.
Table 3-4 Axis containers and their position-dependent contents for drum A
Container Slot Initial Situation Switch 1 Switch 2 Switch 3 Switch 4 =

(TRA 0°) (TRA 90°) (TRA 180°) (TRA 270°) (TRA 0°)
1 1 NC1_AX1, HS1 NC2_AX1, HS2 NC3_AX1, HS3 NC4_AX1, HS4 NC1_AX1, HS1
2 NC2_AX1, HS2 NC3_AX1, HS3 N4C_AX1, HS4 NC1_AX1, HS1 NC2_AX1, HS2
3 NC3_AX1, HS3 NC4_AX1, HS4 NC1_AX1, HS1 NC2_AX1, HS2 NC3_AX1, HS3
4 NC4_AX1, HS4 NC1_AX1, HS1 NC2_AX1, HS2 NC3_AX1, HS3 NC4_AX1, HS4
Extended Functions
3.3 Examples

(TRA 0°) (TRA 90°) (TRA 180°) (TRA 270°) (TRA 0°)
2 1 NC1_AX7, STN1 NC2_AX7, STN2 NC3_AX7, STN3 NC4_AX7 STN4 NC1_AX7, STN1
2 NC2_AX7, STN2 NC3_AX7, STN3 NC4_AX7, STN4 NC1_AX7, STN1 NC2_AX7, STN2
Drum movement 0° + 90° + 90° + 90° - 270°
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Figure 3-23 Positions of drum A
Table 3-5 Axis containers and their position-dependent contents for drum B

(TRB 0°) (TRB 90°) (TRB 180°) (TRB 270°) (TRB 0°)
3 1 NC1_AX2, GS1 NC2_AX2, GS2 NC3_AX2, GS3 NC4_AX2, GS4 NC1_AX2, GS1
2 NC2_AX2, GS2 NC3_AX2, GS3 NC4_AX2, GS4 NC1_AX2, GS1 NC2_AX2, GS2
4 1 NC1_AX5, ZG1 NC2_AX5, ZG2 NC3_AX5, ZG3 NC4_AX5 ZG4 NC1_AX5, ZG1
2 NC2_AX5, ZG2 NC3_AX5, ZG3 NC4_AX5, ZG4 NC1_AX5, ZG1 NC2_AX5, ZG2
Extended Functions
3.3 Examples
3.3.5 Lead link axis
3.3.5.1 Configuration
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Figure 3-24 NCU2 to NCUn use a lead link axis to enable coupling to the machine axis on NCU1 (NCU1-AX3).
The following example refers to the axis coupling section between Y(LAX2, AX2) as following
axis on NCU2 and Z(LAX3, NC1_AX3) as lead link axis.
Machine data
● The machine data of a leading value axis may only be loaded on the home NCU. From this
NCU, the relevant machine data are distributed to the other NCUs where a lead link axis
has been defined.
● Each lead link axis reduces the maximum number of axes that can be traversed on this
NCU by one axis.
Machine data for NCU1 (leading axis)
Machine data Meaning

$MN_NCU_LINKNO = 1 1. or master NCU
$MN_MM_NCU_LINK_MASK = 1 NCU link active
$MN_MM_LINK_NUM_OF_MODULES= 2 Number of link modules
Extended Functions
3.3 Examples

$MN_MM_SERVO_FIFO_SIZE = 4 The size of the data buffer is increased to 4 between interpo‐
lation and position control
$MN_AXCONF_LOGIC_MACHAX_TAB[0] = "AX1"
$MN_AXCONF_MACHAX_NAME_TAB[0] = "XM1"
$MN_AXCONF_MACHAX_NAME_TAB[2] = "YM1"
$MA_AXCONF_ASSIGN_MASTER_NCK[ AX3 ] = 1
$MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[0]=1 ; X
$MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[1]=2 ; Y
$MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[2]=3 ; Z
Machine data for NCU2 (following axis)

$MN_NCU_LINKNO = 2 2. NCU number
$MN_MM_NCU_LINK_MASK = 1 Activate link
$MN_MM_NUM_CURVE_TABS = 5 Number of curve tables
$MN_MM_LINK_NUM_OF_MODULES= 2 Number of link modules
$MN_MM_NUM_CURVE_SEGMENTS= 50
$MN_MM_NUM_CURVE_POLYNOMS = 100
$MN_MM_SERVO_FIFO_SIZE = 2 Size of the data buffer between interpolation and position
control (standard)
$MN_AXCONF_LOGIC_MACHAX_TAB[0] = "NC1_AX3" Lead link on NCU1/AX3
$MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[0]=3 AX3 is machine axis of the 1st channel axis

$MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[1]=2 AX2 is machine axis of the 2nd channel axis
$MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[2]=1 AX3 on NCU1 is machine axis of the 3rd channel axis
3.3.5.2 Programming
Program for NCU1 (leading axis)

NCU1 traverses leading axis Z
Identifier for NCU2, that the leading axis of NCU1 is assigned: Link variable $A_DLB[0] = 1
Extended Functions
3.3 Examples
Identifier for NCU2, that the leading axis of NCU1 has been released: Link variable $A_DLB[0]
=0

N1000 R1 = 0 ; Initialize loop counter
N1004 G1 Z0 F1000 ; Traverse axis Z to the starting position
N1005 $A_DLB[0] = 1 ; Identifier for NCU2: Axis Z is assigned
LOOP10: ;
N1005 R1=R1+1 ; Increment loop counter
N1006 Z0.01 G91 ; Traversing the leading value axis Z
N1008 Z0.02 ; Traversing the leading value axis Z
N1010 Z0.03 ; Traversing the leading value axis Z
N1012 IF R1 < 10 GOTOB LOOP10 ;
N1098 $A_DLB[0] = 0 ; Identifier for NCU2: Axis Z is free
Program for NCU2 (following axis)

The program establishes a connection between leading axis movements on NCU1 and
following axis movements on NCU2 via a curve table. If the table has been defined, NCU2
goes into the wait position (N2006) until NCU1 has assigned axis Z as the leading axis (N1005).
The coupling is activated (N2010) as soon as axis Z has been assigned as leading axis. The
coupling is kept until NCU1 has released axis Z as the leading axis.

N2000 CTABDEL(1) ; Initialize table 1
N2001 G04 F.1 ;
N2003 G0 Y0 Z0 ; Traverse axes Y, Z into the starting position
N2002 CTABDEF(Y, Z, 1, 0) ; Table definition ON
N2003 G1 X0 Y0 ; Intermediate point 1
N2004 G1 X100 Y200 ; Intermediate point 2
N2005 CTABEND ; Table definition OFF
LOOP20: ;
N2006 IF ($A_DLB[0] == 0) GOTOB LOOP20 ; Wait for NCU1
N2010 LEADON(Y,Z,1) ; => close coupling
LOOP25: ;
N2030 IF ($A_DLB[0] > 0) GOTOB LOOP25 ; Keep the coupling until NCU1 no longer traver-
ses the leading value axis
N2090 LEADOF(Y,Z) ; => open coupling
Extended Functions
3.4 Data lists
3.4 Data lists
3.4.1 Machine data

10002 AXCONF_LOGIC_MACHAX_TAB Logical NCU machine axis image
10065 POSCTRL_DESVAL_DELAY Position setpoint delay
10134 MM_NUM_MMC_UNITS Number of simultaneous MMC communication partners
12510 NCU_LINKNO NCU number in an NCU group
12520 LINK_TERMINATION NCU numbers for which bus terminating resistors are
active
12530 LINK_NUM_OF_MODULES Number of link modules
12701 AXCT_AXCONF_ASSIGN_TAB1 List of axes in the axis container
... ...
12716 AXCT_AXCONF_ASSIGN_TAB16
12750 AXCT_NAME_TAB List of axis container names
12760 AXCT_FUNCTION_MASK Functions for the axis container
18700 MM_SIZEOF_LINKVAR_DATA Size of the link variables memory
18720 MM_SERVO_FIFO_SIZE Size of the data buffer between interpolation and posi‐
tion controller
18780 MM_NCU_LINK_MASK, bit 0 Link communication activation

20000 CHAN_NAME Channel name
20070 AXCONF_MACHAX_USED Machine axis number valid in channel
28160 MM_NUM_LINKVAR_ELEMENTS Number of write elements for the NCU link variables
3.4.1.3 Axis/spindlespecific machine data
Number Identifier: $MA_ Description

30550 AXCONF_ASSIGN_MASTER_CHAN Default assignment between an axis and a channel
30554 AXCONF_ASSIGN_MASTER_NCU Initial setting defining which NCU generates setpoints
for the axis
30560 IS_LOCAL_LINK_AXIS Axis is a local link axis
32990 POCTRL_DESVAL_DELAY_INFO Current position setpoint delay
Extended Functions
3.4 Data lists
3.4.2 Setting data
Number Identifier: $SA Description

41700 AXCT_SWWIDTH[container number] Axis container rotation setting
3.4.2.2 Axis/spindle-specific setting data
Number Identifier: $SA_ Description

43300 ASSIGN_FEED_PER_REV_SOURCE Rotational feedrate for positioning axes/spindles
3.4.3 Signals
Signal name SINUMERIK 840D sl

MCP1 ready DB10.DBX104.0
MCP2 ready DB10.DBX104.1
HHU ready DB10.DBX104.2
NCU link active DB10.DBX107.6
HMI2-CPU ready (HMI connected to OPI or MPI) DB10.DBX108.1
HMI1-CPU at MPI ready DB10.DBX108.2
HMI1-CPU at OPI ready (standard connection) DB10.DBX108.3
3.4.3.2 Signals from HMI/PLC

ONL_REQUEST DB19.DBB100
Online request from HMI
ONL_CONFIRM DB19.DBB102
Acknowledgement from PLC for online request
PAR_CLIENT_IDENT DB19.DBB104
HMI writes its client identification (bus type, HMI bus ad‐
dress)
PAR_MMC_TYP DB19.DBB106
HMI type according to NETNAMES.INI: Main/secondary
operator panel/alarm server
Extended Functions
3.4 Data lists

PAR_MSTT_ADR DB19.DBB107
HMI writes address to the MCP to be activated
PAR_STATUS DB19.DBB108
PLC writes the online enable for the HMI (connection state)
PAR_Z_INFO DB19.DBB109
PLC writes additional information to the connection state
M_TO_N_ALIVE DB19.DBB110
Sign of life from the PLC to HMI using M to N block
3.4.3.3 General online interface

MMC1_CLIENT_IDENT DB19.DBB120
PLC writes PAR_CLIENT_IDENT to MMCx_CLI‐
ENT_IDENT, if HMI goes online.
MMC1_TYP DB19.DBB122
PLC writes PAR_MMC_TYP to MMCx_TYP, if HMI goes
online.
MMC1_MSTT_ADR DB19.DBB123
PLC writes PAR_MSTT_ADR to MMCx_MSTT_ADR, if HMI
goes online
MMC1_STATUS DB19.DBB124
Connection state, HMI and PLC write alternating, their re‐
quests/acknowledgements.
MMC1_Z_INFO DB19.DBB125
Additional information, connection state (pos./neg. acknowl‐
edgement, error messages, ...)
MMC1_SHIFT_LOCK DB19.DBX126.0
HMI switchover lock
MMC1_MSTT_SHIFT_LOCK DB19.DBX126.1
MCP switchover lock
MMC1_ACTIVE_REQ DB19.DBX126.2
HMI requests active operator mode
MMC1_ACTIVE_PERM DB19.DBX126.3
Enable from PLC to change the operator mode
MMC1_ACTIVE_CHANGED DB19.DBX126.4
HMI has changed the operator mode
MMC1_CHANGE_DENIED DB19.DBX126.5
HMI active/passive switchover denied
MMC2_CLIENT_IDENT DB19.DBB130
PLC writes PAR_CLIENT_IDENT to MMCx_CLI‐
ENT_IDENT, if HMI goes online.
Extended Functions
3.4 Data lists

MMC2_TYP DB19.DBB132
PLC writes PAR_MMC_TYP to MMCx_TYP, if HMI goes
online.
MMC2_MSTT_ADR DB19.DBB133
PLC writes PAR_MSTT_ADR to MMCx_MSTT_ADR, if HMI
goes online.
MMC2_STATUS DB19.DBB134
Connection state, HMI and PLC write alternating, their re‐
quests/acknowledgements.
MMC2_Z_INFO DB19.DBB135
Additional information, connection state (pos./neg. acknowl‐
edgement, error messages, ...)
MMC2_SHIFT_LOCK DB19.DBX136.0
HMI switchover lock
MMC2_MSTT_SHIFT_LOCK DB19.DBX136.1
MCP switchover lock
MMC2_ACTIVE_REQ DB19.DBX136.2
HMI requests active operator mode
MMC2_ACTIVE_PERM DB19.DBX136.3
Enable from PLC to change the operator mode
MMC2_ACTIVE_CHANGED DB19.DBX136.4
HMI has changed the operator mode
MMC2_CHANGE_DENIED DB19.DBX136.5
HMI active/passive switchover denied
3.4.3.4 Signals from axis/spindle

NCU link axis active DB31, ... .DBX60.1 -
Axial alarm DB31, ... .DBX61.1 DB390x, DBX1.1
Axis ready DB31, ... .DBX61.2 DB390x, DBX1.2
Axis container rotation active DB31, ... .DBX62.7 -

$AN_AXCTSWE[axis] Supplies the slots of the axis container of the specified axis which are en‐
abled for the next axis container rotation
$AN_LAI_AX_IS_AXCTAX Contains the container axes of the logical machine axis image as bit field
$AN_LAI_AX_IS_LINKAX Contains the link axes of the logical machine axis image as bit field
$AN_LAI_AX_IS_LEADLINKAX Contains the lead-link axes of the logical machine axis image as bit field
Extended Functions
3.4 Data lists

$AN_LAI_AX_TO_MACHAX[axis] For the specified axis of the logical machine axis image, supplies the NCU-
ID and the axis number of the associated machine axis
$AN_LAI_AX_TO_IPO_NC_CHANAX[axis] For the specified axis of the logical machine axis image, supplies the chan‐
nel and channel axis number and/or the NCU and global axis number
$AN_IPO_CHANAX[global axis number] For the specified global axis number, supplies the channel and channel
axis number
$AA_MACHAX[axis] For the specified axis, supplies the NCU-ID and the machine axis number
$AA_IPO_NC_CHANAX[axis] For the specified axis, supplies the channel and channel axis number or
NCU-ID and the global axis number
$VA_IPO_NC_CHANAX[axis] For the specified machine axis, supplies the channel and channel axis
number or NCU-ID and global axis number
A more detailed description of system variables can be found in

References:
System Variables List Manual
Extended Functions
3.4 Data lists
Extended Functions
H1: Manual and handwheel travel 4
4.1 Overview
Application
Even on modern, numerically controlled machine tools, a facility must be provided that allows
the user to traverse the axes manually.
Examples:
● Setting up the machine
Especially when setting up a new machining program, a manual traversing of the machine
axes is required. Where coordinate offset or rotation is selected, manual travel can even
be performed in the transformed workpiece coordinate system.
● Retraction of the tool after a program abort
After a program abort due to a power failure or RESET, the operator must manually retract
the tool from its current machining position. The transformations and coordinate systems
used for machining must remain active while this is done.
JOG mode
Manual traversing of axes is performed in JOG mode.
If JOG mode is active for the current mode group, this is reported to the PLC via the
corresponding interface signal:
DB11 DBX6.2 (BAG1: operating mode JOG)
...
References:
Function Manual, Basic Functions; Mode Group, Channel, Program Operation, Reset
Response (K1)
Display
If JOG mode is active, the basic JOG screen is displayed on the operator interface. This main
screen contains values relating to position, feedrate, spindle, and tool.
Extended Functions
H1: Manual and handwheel travel
4.1 Overview
Manual traversing in the BCS and WCS

The user has the option of traversing axes in the basic coordinate system (BCS) or workpiece
coordinate system (WCS).
● Manual traversing in the BCS
Each axis can be traversed manually.
● Manual traversing in the WCS
Only the axes declared as geometry axes can be manually traversed in the WCS (channel-
specific). Any coordinate offsets or rotations that have been selected remain active.
Manual traversing of several axes

Several axes can be manually traversed at the same time in JOG mode. However, there is no
interpolatory relationship.
Control via the PLC interface

Manual traversing is controlled via the PLC interface.
See Chapter "Control via the PLC interface (Page 150)".
A separate PLC interface exists in each case for machine axes (axis-specific), geometry axes
(channel-specific), and orientation axes (channel-specific).
Parameter assignment (general)

For the manual traversing of axes, there are parameterizable properties, which are valid for
all JOG movements regardless of the traversing variant and the selected JOG function. These
are described under "Parameter assignment (general) (Page 151)".
Traversing variants
The following manual traversing variants are possible in JOG mode:
● Continuous traversing with the traversing keys of the machine control panel in jog or
continuous mode
See Chapter "Continuous manual travel (Page 157)".
● Incremental traversing with the traversing keys of the machine control panel in jog or
continuous mode
See Chapter "Incremental manual travel (Page 161)".
● Traversing of axes via electronic handwheels
See Chapter "Handwheel travel (Page 165)".
Manual traversing of the spindle

Spindles can also be traversed manually in JOG mode. Essentially, the same conditions apply
as for manual traversing of axes. Spindles can be traversed in JOG mode using the traversing
keys continuously or incrementally, in jog or continuous mode, or using the handwheel. The
function is selected and activated via the axis-/spindle-specific PLC interface in the same way
as for the machine axes. The axis-specific machine data also applies to the spindles.
Extended Functions
4.1 Overview
Special features to be observed during manual traversing of spindles can be found in Chapter
"Manual traversing of the spindle (Page 181)".
Manual traversing of geometry axes

Manual traversing of geometry axes is used for traversing for which transformations and frames
have to be active. The geometry axes are traversed in the most recently valid coordinate
system.
Special features to be observed during manual traversing of geometry axes (and orientation
axes) can be found in Chapter "Manual traversing of geometry axes/orientation axes
(Page 183)".
Additional functions
In addition to various traversing variants, further functions can be selected in JOG mode:
● REF (reference point approach)
● REPOS (repositioning)
● Approach of configured fixed points
See Chapter "Approaching a fixed point in JOG (Page 185)".
● Approach of a definable position
See Chapter "Position travel in JOG (Page 192)".
● Traverse geometry axes along a circular arc
See Chapter "Circular travel in JOG (Page 197)".
● JOG retract (retraction movement in the tool direction after a program abort due to a power
failure or RESET)
See Chapter "Retraction in the tool direction (JOG retract) (Page 207)".
Use of handwheels in automatic mode

Handwheels can also be used in automatic mode:
● Handwheel override in AUTOMATIC mode with path specification and/or velocity override
(Page 217)
● Contour handwheel/path input using handwheel (option) (Page 224)
● Correction of the tool wear for machining in AUTOMATIC mode by means of additional
incremental work offset using the handwheel (DRF) (Page 217)
Monitoring
For manual traversing, limitations apply, which are monitored in the controller.
See Chapter "Monitoring functions (Page 230)".
Extended Functions
4.2 Control via the PLC interface
Switching from JOG mode to AUTOMATIC/MDI mode

It is only possible to switch operating modes from JOG to AUTOMATIC or MDI if all axes in
the channel have reached "coarse exact stop".
References:
Response (K1)
Commissioning
For information on the commissioning of electronic handwheels, see Chapter "Start-up:
Handwheels (Page 231)".
4.2 Control via the PLC interface

The JOG functions in the NC are activated via the PLC interface from the machine control
panel (MCP). To do this, the input signals of the machine control panel from the PLC must be
transferred to the input interface of the NC in the NC/PLC interface. In this way, the machine
manufacturer can simply adapt the functionality of manual traversing to the machine tool
through the PLC user program. You can use this, for example, to change the assignment
between the direction keys of the machine control panel and the traversing requests to the NC
with regard to the machine and geometry axes.
Basic procedure
The following figure shows the basic procedure for the selection of a JOG function from the
machine control panel (MCP) to the NC.
Extended Functions
4.3 Parameter assignment (general)
1&8
1& 3/&
2
%DVLF 3/& 1
3/& XVHU 0&3
SURJUDP SURJUDP
3
① The operator selects, for example, the "Continuous traversing" machine function on the machine control panel for a
machine axis.
The input signals of the MCP are transferred cyclically from the basic PLC program in the data blocks of the MCP
input interface.
② The PLC user program reads the input signals of the MCP. The input signals can be linked with any other signals in
accordance with the current machine or machining situation. Finally, the PLC user program writes the corresponding
request signals to the NC in the respective axis-specific NC/PLC interface.
The basic PLC program transfers the request signals in the internal input interface to the NC.
③ After activation of the requested function, the NC writes the feedback in the internal output interface to the PLC. The
basic PLC program cyclically transfers the output signals in the respective axis-specific NC/PLC interface
References
Detailed information on the configuration and integration of machine control panels in the PLC
user program can be found in the Basic Functions manual:
● SINUMERIK 840D sl: "P3: Basic PLC program for SINUMERIK 840D sl"
● SINUMERIK 828D: "P4: PLC for SINUMERIK 828D"
Feedrate behavior
In JOG mode, it is possible to traverse an axis/spindle manually also at a revolutional feedrate
(as for G95) specific to the current speed of the master spindle.
The setting is made via the setting data:
Extended Functions
SD41100 $SN_JOG_REV_IS_ACTIVE (JOG: revolutional/linear feedrate)
Bit Value Meaning

0 0 The behavior of the axis/spindle depends on the setting data:
SD43300 $SA_ASSIGN_FEED_PER_REV_SOURCE (revolutional feedrate for
positioning axes/spindles)
The behavior of a geometry axis on which a frame with rotation acts, or of an
orientation axis, depends on the channel-specific setting data:
SD42600 $SC_JOG_FEED_PER_REV_SOURCE (control of the revolutional fee‐
drate in JOG)
1 For a JOG movement, it is always traversed with revolutional feedrate as a function
of the master spindle.
1 0 For rapid traverse as well, the axis/spindle, geometry axis or orientation axis is
traversed with revolutional feedrate (selection see Bit 0).
1 For rapid traverse, the axis/spindle, geometry axis or orientation axis is always
traversed without revolutional feedrate.
2 0 For JOG handwheel traverse as well, the axis/spindle, geometry axis or orientation
axis is traversed with revolutional feedrate (selection see Bit 0).
1 For JOG handwheel traverse, the axis/spindle, geometry axis or orientation axis
is always traversed without revolutional feedrate.
3 0 For DRF handwheel traverse as well, the axis/spindle is traversed with revolutional
feedrate (selection see Bit 0).
1 For DRF handwheel traverse, the axis/spindle is always traversed without revolu‐
tional feedrate.
Note
If a master spindle has not been defined and the axis is to be manually traversed at a
revolutional feedrate, alarm 20055 is output or alarm 20065 for geometry axes.
Velocity
The system data that determines the speed of the manual traversing is dependent upon the
active feedrate behavior.
Extended Functions
Linear feedrate (G94) active

● Machine axes
The velocity is determined by the following setting data:
– For linear axes:
SD41110 $SN_JOG_SET_VELO (axis velocity for JOG)
– For rotary axes:
SD41130 $SN_JOG_ROT_AX_SET_VELO (JOG speed for rotary axes)
If "0" is entered in SD41110/SD41130, the axis-specific machine data takes effect:
MD32020 $MA_JOG_VELO (conventional axis velocity)
The default setting for feedrate velocity unit is mm/min or rpm for rotary axes.
● Spindles
The velocity applied for the manual traversing of the spindles is defined by the setting data:
SD41200 $SN_JOG_SPIND_SET_VELO (speed of spindle in JOG mode)
If "0" is entered in SD41200, the axis-specific machine data takes effect:
MD32020 $_MA_JOG_VELO (conventional axis velocity)
The maximum speeds of the active gear stage are considered when manually traversing
a spindle.
References:
Function Manual Basic Functions; Spindles (S1)
● Geometry axes
The velocity applied for the manual traversing of geometry axes is defined by the channel-
specific machine data:
MD21165 $MC_JOG_VELO_GEO (conventional velocity for geometry axes)
● Orientation axes
The velocity applied for the manual traversing of orientation axes is defined by the channel-
MD21155 $MC_JOG_VELO_ORI (conventional velocity for orientation axes)
Revolutional feedrate (G95) active

The feedrate value (in mm/rpm) is defined by the following setting data:
SD41120 $SN_JOG_REV_SET_VELO (revolutional feedrate of axes in JOG)
MD32050 $MD_JOG_REV_VELO (revolutional feedrate for JOG)
Extended Functions
Rapid traverse override

If the traversing keys/manual wheel are also actuated together with the rapid traverse override
key, the movement will be made with the configured rapid traverse velocity:
● Machine axes
– MD32010 $MA_JOG_VELO_RAPID (rapid traverse in jog mode)
– MD32040 $MA_JOG_REV_VELO_RAPID (revolutional feedrate for JOG with rapid
traverse override)
● Geometry axes
– MD21160 $MC_JOG_VELO_RAPID_GEO (conventional rapid traverse for geometry
axes)
– MD21150 $MC_JOG_VELO_RAPID_ORI (conventional rapid traverse for orientation
axes)
Feedrate override
The velocity applied for manual traversing can also be influenced using the axis-specific
feedrate override switch provided that the following NC/PLC interface signal is set:
DB31, ... DBX1.7 (axis-specific feedrate override active)
Percentages are assigned to the individual feedrate override switch positions via machine
data. For a switch position of 0% the axis is not traversed, provided that 0 is entered in the
associated machine data.
The interface signal DB31, ... DBX1.7 (axis-specific feedrate override active) has no meaning
for switch position 0%.
Instead of being set by the feedrate override switch position (gray code), the percentage value
(0% to 200%) can optionally be set directly by the PLC. Again, the selection is made via
machine data.
References:
Function Manual, Basic Functions; Feedrates (V1)
Spindle override
The velocity during manual traversing of the spindle can be influenced by the spindle
compensation switch.
References:
Acceleration and jerk

To avoid unwanted machine motions in JOG mode, separate axis-specific acceleration and
jerk limit values can be specified for JOG motion.
Extended Functions
It is also possible to limit acceleration and jerk channel-specifically for manual traversing of
geometry and orientation axes. This enables better handling of the kinematics that generate
Cartesian motions entirely via rotary axes (robots).
Maximum axis-specific acceleration for JOG motion

The maximum axis-specific acceleration for JOG motions can be specified for each machine
axis via the machine data:
MD32301 $MA_JOG_MAX_ACCEL
With MD32301 = 0, the value from MD32300 $MA_MAX_AX_ACCEL is effective instead of
the JOG-specific maximum value.
Maximum axis-specific jerk during JOG motions

The maximum axis-specific jerk for JOG motions can be specified for each machine axis via
the machine data:
MD32436 $MA_JOG_MAX_JERK
With MD32436 = 0, the value from MD32430 $MA_JOG_AND_POS_MAX_JERK is effective
instead of the JOG-specific maximum value.
Note
MD32436 $MA_JOG_MAX_JERK is only effective when the axial jerk limitation in JOG mode
has been enabled for the machine axes to be traversed:
MD32420 $MA_JOG_AND_POS_JERK_ENABLE [<axis>] == TRUE
This is also possible by programming SOFTA(<Axis1>,<Axis2>, ... ) in the part
program.
Maximum acceleration when manually traversing spindles

As a spindle often uses many gear stages in speed-control and position-control modes, the
acceleration associated with the current gear stage is always applied to the spindle in JOG
mode.
References:
Maximum acceleration when manually traversing geometry axes

The maximum acceleration when manually traversing geometry axes can be specified for each
channel via the machine data:
MD21166 $MC_JOG_ACCEL_GEO [<geometry axis>]
With <geometry axis> = 0, 1, 2
Extended Functions
With MD21166 = 0, the axis-specific limit value from MD32301 $MA_JOG_MAX_ACCEL is

effective instead of the channel-specific acceleration limitation.
Note
With MD21166 $MC_JOG_ACCEL_GEO [<geometry axis>], there is no direct limitation to
MD32300 $MA_MAX_AX_ACCEL.
Note
When a transformation is active, MD32300 $MA_MAX_AX_ACCEL determines the maximum
possible axis-specific acceleration.
Maximum jerk when manually traversing geometry axes

The maximum jerk when manually traversing geometry axes in the SOFT acceleration mode
(acceleration with jerk limitation) can be specified for each channel via the machine data:
MD21168 $MC_JOG_JERK_GEO [<geometry axis>]
With MD21168 = 0, the axis-specific limit value from MD32436 $MA_JOG_MAX_JERK is
effective instead of the channel-specific jerk limitation.
Note
MD21168 $MC_JOG_JERK_GEO acts only when the axis-specific jerk limitation in JOG mode
has been enabled for the base machine axes:
Maximum jerk when manually traversing orientation axes

The maximum jerk when manually traversing orientation axes can be specified for each
MD21158 $MC_JOG_JERK_ORI [<orientation axis>]
For MD21158 to take effect, the channel-specific jerk limitation for the manual traversing of
orientation axes must be enabled via the following machine data:
MD21159 $MC_JOG_JERK_ORI_ENABLE == TRUE
Note
Orientation axes are not affected by the machine data MD32301 $MA_JOG_MAX_ACCEL and
MD32436 $MA_JOG_MAX_JERK.
See also
Manual traversing of geometry axes/orientation axes (Page 183)
Manual traversing of the spindle (Page 181)
Extended Functions
4.4 Continuous manual travel
4.4.1 Function
For continuous manual travel, the plus and minus traversing keys are selected to move the
relevant axis in the appropriate direction. If both traversing keys are pressed simultaneously,
there is no traversing movement, or, if an axis is in motion, it is stopped.
Note
When the control is switched on, axes can be traversed to the limits of the machine because
they have not yet been referenced. Hardware limit switches might be triggered as a result. The
software limit switches and the working-area limitation are not operative.
Continuous traversing in jog mode

In jog mode, the axis traverses as long as the traversing key is pressed. With the release of
the traversing key, the axis is decelerated to standstill. The movement is completed when the
parameterized exact stop criterion of the axis is reached.
If the axis reaches a traversing range limit before the traversing key is released (working area
limitation, software limit switch, etc.), the axis is stopped at the limit.
Continuous traversing in continuous mode

In continuous mode, traversing of the axis is started by pressing the traversing key. The
traversing movement is continued even after the traversing key is released.
WARNING
Risk of collision
In continuous mode, several axes can be started by pressing the respective traversing key.
Any interlocks must be implemented by the user / machine manufacturer via the PLC user
program.
The traversing movement can be interrupted and continued by the operator at any time or
aborted. If the axis reaches a traversing range limit before canceling the traversing movement
(working area limitation, software limit switch, etc.), the axis is stopped at the limit.
Interrupt traversing movement

The operator can interrupt traversing via the operator controls of the machine control panel
(MCP) in the following ways:
● Feedrate override = 0%
● Feedrate stop
● NC stop or NC stop axis/spindle
If the cause of the interruption is removed, the axis continues to traverse.
Extended Functions
Abort traversing movement

The operator can cancel traversing via the operator controls of the machine control panel
(MCP) in the following ways:
● Pressing the same traversing key again
● Pressing the traversing key for the opposite direction
● RESET
● Deselection of the JOG mode by changing the operating mode to AUTOMATIC or MDI
The traversing movement is canceled by the controller:
● If an active traversing range limit is reached (working area limitation, software limit switch,
etc.)
CAUTION
Traversing range limit inactive
Software limit switches and working-area limitations are only active after referencing of
the axis.
● If an alarm occurs with cancellation of the traversing movements
Interface signals
Selection
Continuous traversing in JOG mode must be activated via the PLC interface:
● Machine axes:
– DB31, ... DBX5.6 (request of the machine function: continuous traversing)
● Geometry axes:
– DB21, ... DBX13.6 (geometry axis 1: machine function request: continuous traversing)
– DB21, … DBX17.6 (geometry axis 2: machine function request: continuous traversing)
– DB21, … DBX21.6 (geometry axis 3: machine function request: continuous traversing)
● Orientation axes:
– DB21, ... DBX321.6 (orientation axis 1: machine function request: continuous
traversing)
– DB21, … DBX325.6 (orientation axis 2: machine function request: continuous
traversing)
– DB21, … DBX329.6 (orientation axis 3: machine function request: continuous
traversing)
Extended Functions
Feedback
Once the continuous procedure takes effect, a feedback is sent to the PLC:
● Machine axes:
– DB31, ... DBX65.6 (active machine function: continuous traversing)
● Geometry axes:
– DB21, ... DBX41.6 (geometry axis 1: active machine function: continuous traversing)
– DB21, … DBX47.6 (geometry axis 2: active machine function: continuous traversing)
– DB21, … DBX53.6 (geometry axis 3: active machine function: continuous traversing)
– DB21, ... DBX333.6 (orientation axis 1: active machine function: continuous traversing)
– DB21, … DBX337.6 (orientation axis 2: active machine function: continuous traversing)
– DB21, … DBX341.6 (orientation axis 3: active machine function: continuous traversing)
Travel command plus/minus

Once a traversing request for an axis is pending, the interface signal "Travel command minus"
or "Travel command plus" is output to the PLC depending on the direction of movement:
● Machine axes:
– DB31, ... DBX64.6 (travel command minus) or
– DB31, ... DBX64.7 (travel command plus)
● Geometry axis 1:
– DB21, … DBX40.6 (geometry axis 1: travel command minus) or
– DB21, … DBX40.7 (geometry axis 1: travel command plus)
● Orientation axis 1:
– DB21, … DBX332.6 (orientation axis 1: travel command minus) or
– DB21, … DBX332.7 (orientation axis 1: travel command plus)
Extended Functions
Note
A travel command set in JOG mode is canceled if the controller enable or pulse enable for the
axis to be traversed is missing. The travel command must therefore be set again after release
of the axis.
Jog or continuous mode

The selection of jog or continuous mode for the continuous procedure is performed NC-
specifically for all axes via the setting data:
SD41050 $SN_JOG_CONT_MODE_LEVELTRIGGRD (jog/continuous mode for JOG
continuous)
Jogging mode is the default setting.
Indexing axis
An indexing axis always stops at an indexing position both in jog mode and in continuous
mode. In jog mode, the indexing axis traverses to the next indexing position in the direction of
travel, for example, when the traversing key is released
See also
T1: Indexing axes (Page 815)
Extended Functions
4.5 Incremental manual travel
4.5.1 Function
With incremental traversing, the operator specifies the number of increments to be traversed
by the axis via the machine control panel.
In addition to five fixed increment sizes (default setting: INC1, INC10, INC100, INC1000 and
INC10000), a variable increment size (INCvar) that can be set via the setting data is also
available.
Incremental travel in jogging mode

If the traversing key for the required direction (e.g. +) is pressed, the axis begins to traverse
the increment that has been set. If the traversing key is released before the increment has
been fully traversed, the movement is interrupted and the axis stops. If the same traversing
key is pressed again, the axis traverses the remaining distance until it is zero. Up to this point,
the movement can still be interrupted by releasing the traversing key.
Pressing the traversing key for the opposite direction does not have any effect, unless the
increment has been fully traversed or the movement has been aborted.
Cancel traversing movement

If the increment should not travel to the end, the traversing movement can be interrupted as
follows:
● RESET
● DB31, ... DBX2.2 (delete distance-to-go)
Incremental travel in continuous mode

The axis traverses the entire set increment when the traversing key is pressed (first rising
edge). If the same traversing key is pressed again (second rising edge) before the axis has
finished traversing the increment, the traversing movement is aborted, i.e. not completed.
Interrupt traversing movement

Behavior as for continuous traversing (see "Continuous manual travel (Page 157)").
Cancel traversing movement

The traversing movement can be stopped and aborted by means of the following operations
or monitoring functions:
● Pressing the same traversing key again
● Pressing the traversing key for the opposite direction
● RESET
Extended Functions
● When the first valid limit is reached
CAUTION
Traversing range limit inactive
Software limit switches and working-area limitations are only activated after reference
point approach.
● Deselection or change of the current increment (e.g. change from INC100 to INC10)
● When faults occur (e.g. on cancellation of the servo enable)
WARNING
Risk of collision
If "continuous" mode is selected, several axes can by started by pressing and releasing the
relevant direction key. Any interlocks must be implemented via the PLC!
Note
While an axis is moving, a change of mode from JOG to AUTOMATIC or MDI is not permitted
within the control.
Interface signals
Selection
Incremental traversing in JOG mode must be activated via the PLC interface:
● Machine axes:
– DB31, ... DBX5.0 - 5.5 (request of the machine function: INC1 to INCvar)
● Geometry axes:
– DB21, ... DBX13.0-5 (geometry axis 1: machine function request: INC1 to INCvar)
– DB21, … DBX17.0-5 (geometry axis 2: machine function request: INC1 to INCvar)
– DB21, … DBX21.0-5 (geometry axis 3: machine function request: INC1 to INCvar)
– DB21, ... DBX321.0-5 (orientation axis 1: machine function request: INC1 to INCvar)
– DB21, … DBX325.0-5 (orientation axis 2: machine function request: INC1 to INCvar)
– DB21, … DBX329.0-5 (orientation axis 3: machine function request: INC1 to INCvar)
Extended Functions
Feedback
Once the incremental procedure takes effect, a feedback is sent to the PLC:
● Machine axes:
– DB31, ... DBX65.0 - 65.5 (active machine function: INC1 to INCvar)
● Geometry axes:
– DB21, ... DBX41.0-5 (geometry axis 1: active machine function: INC1 to INCvar)
– DB21, … DBX47.0-5 (geometry axis 2: active machine function: INC1 to INCvar)
– DB21, … DBX53.0-5 (geometry axis 3: active machine function: INC1 to INCvar)
– DB21, ... DBX333.0-5 (orientation axis 1: active machine function: INC1 to INCvar)
– DB21, … DBX337.0-5 (orientation axis 2: active machine function: INC1 to INCvar)
– DB21, … DBX341.0-5 (orientation axis 3: active machine function: INC1 to INCvar)
Travel command plus/minus

Once a traversing request for an axis is pending, the interface signal "Travel command minus"
or "Travel command plus" is output to the PLC depending on the direction of movement:
● Machine axes:
– DB31, ... DBX64.6 (travel command minus) or
– DB31, ... DBX64.7 (travel command plus)
Extended Functions
Note
of the axis.
Fixed increments
The parameter assignment of the fixed increment sizes is performed via NC-specific machine
data:
MD11330 $MN_JOG_INCR_SIZE_TAB[1 ... 5] = <number of increments 1 ... 5>
Variable increment
The parameter assignment of the variable increment size is performed via NC-specific setting
data:
SD41010 $SN_JOG_VAR_INCR_SIZE = <number of increments>
Distance evaluation of one increment

The distance evaluation of one increment for fixed and variable increment sizes is performed
via the axis-specific machine data:
MD31090 $MA_JOG_INCR_WEIGHT = <distance>
Note
Reversal of the direction evaluation
The input of a negative value causes a reversal of the direction evaluation of the traversing
keys or the handwheel direction of rotation.
Extended Functions
4.6 Handwheel travel
Jog or continuous mode

The selection of jog or continuous mode is performed for the incremental procedure NC-
specifically for all axes via the machine data:
MD11300 $MN_JOG_INC_MODE_LEVELTRIGGRD (INC and REF in jog mode)
Jogging mode is the default setting.
Indexing axis
Irrespective of the set increment value, an indexing axis traverses to the next indexing position
in the direction of travel after pressing the traversing key.
See also
T1: Indexing axes (Page 815)
4.6.1 Function
The electronic handwheels (accessories) can be used to simultaneously traverse selected
axes manually. The weighting of the handwheel graduations is dependent on the increment-
size weighting. Where coordinate offset or rotation is selected, manual travel can even be
performed in the transformed workpiece coordinate system.
Commissioning
For information on the commissioning of electronic handwheels, see Chapter "Start-up:
Handwheels (Page 231)".
Select
JOG mode must be active. The user must also set the increment INC1, INC10, etc., which
applies to handwheel travel. As with incremental travel, the required machine function must
be set at the PLC interface accordingly.
Extended Functions
Traversing
When the electronic handwheel is turned, the associated axis is traversed either in the positive
or negative direction depending on the direction of rotation.
Note
If the axis is already being moved using the traversing keys, the handwheel cannot be used.
Traversing distance
The traversing distance produced by rotating the handwheel is dependent on the following
factors:
● Number of handwheel pulses received at the interface
● Active increment (machine function INC1, INC10, INC100, ... INCvar)
● Pulse evaluation of the handwheel:
MD11320 $MN_HANDWH_IMP_PER_LATCH (handwheel pulses per detent position)
See Section "Parameter assignment (Page 173)".
● Distance of an increment:
MD31090 $MA_JOG_INCR_WEIGHT (evaluation of an increment for INC/handwheel)
See Section "Parameter assignment (Page 173)".
Handwheel connection
Up to six handwheels can be connected simultaneously. This means that up to six axes can
be traversed by handwheel simultaneously.
Representation of the handwheel number in the NC/PLC interface signals

Depending on the parameter assignment of MD11324, the representation of the handwheel
number in the NC/PLC interface signals is bit-coded (three handwheels can be represented)
or binary-coded (six handwheels can be represented).
See Chapter "Parameter assignment (Page 173)".
Handwheel assignment
The axis that is moved by turning the handwheel can be set via the via the PLC user interface
or via the user interface (HMI). The assignment is linked to the NC/PLC interface through the
PLC user program. In this way, several axes can be assigned to one handwheel
simultaneously.
Extended Functions
Setting via the PLC user interface

The assignment is made using one of the following interface signals:
● Machine axes:
– DB31, ... DBX4.0-2 (activate handwheel <n> (1, 2, 3))
● Geometry axes:
– DB21, ... DBX12.0-2 (geometry axis 1: Activate handwheel <n>)
– DB21, … DBX16.0-2 (geometry axis 2: Activate handwheel <n>)
– DB21, … DBX320.0-2 (orientation axis 1: Activate handwheel <n>)
Setting via the user interface (HMI).

Pressing the "Handwheel" softkey in the JOG-mode basic menu displays the "Handwheel"
window. Here, every handwheel can be assigned an axis and the handwheel can be enabled
or disabled.
Note
The handwheel assignment is not possible via the user interface (HMI) for more than three
connected handwheels and a binary-coded representation of the handwheel number in the
NC/PLC interface signals.
Extended Functions
Handwheel selection by HMI

A separate user interface is provided between the HMI and PLC to allow activation of the
handwheel from the user interface. This interface supplied by the basic PLC program for
handwheels 1, 2 and 3 contains the following information:
● Assigned to the handwheel:
– Axis number (if during the handwheel selection a machine axis was selected):
DB10 DBX100.0-4 (axis number for handwheel 1)
– Channel number (if during the handwheel selection a geometry axis was selected):
DB10 DBX97.0-3 (channel number for handwheel 1)
● Additional information on the machine or geometry axis:
DB10 DBX100.7 (handwheel 1: machine axis)
● The information that the handwheel is enabled or disabled:
DB10 DBX100.6 (handwheel 1 selected)
For the specified axis, the basic PLC program sets the associated interface signal either to "0"
(disable) or to "1" (enable):
● Machine axes:
– DB31, ... DBX4.0-2 (activate handwheel <n>)
● Geometry axes:
– DB21, ... DBX12.0-2 (geometry axis 1: Activate handwheel <n>)
Note
Orientation axes can only be activated via the associated PLC user interface signals:
● DB21, … DBX320.0-2 (orientation axis 1: Activate handwheel <n>)
Extended Functions
Travel request
The following NC/PLC interface signal informs the PLC that an axis wants to travel or is
travelling:
● Machine axes:
– DB31, ... DBX64.4 (minus travel request) or
– DB31, ... DBX64.5 (plus travel request)
– DB21, … DBX40.4 (geometry axis 1: Minus travel request) or
– DB21, … DBX40.5 (geometry axis 1: Plus travel request)
– DB21, … DBX332.4 (orientation axis 1: Minus travel request) or
– DB21, … DBX332.5 (orientation axis 1: Plus travel request)
Note
A travel request is the sum of all sub-movements, i.e. the component from couplings and
correction values is also taken into account.
For the method of operation of the "Travel request" function, see Section "Travel request
(Page 178)".
Extended Functions
Travel command
Depending on the setting in machine data MD11324
$MN_HANDWH_VDI_REPRESENTATION (see Section "Parameter assignment
(Page 173)"), the following interface signal is output to the PC already when a travel request
is present or not until the axis moves:
● Machine axes:
– DB31, ... DBX64.6 (minus travel command) or
– DB31, ... DBX64.7 (plus travel command)
– DB21, … DBX40.6 (geometry axis 1: Minus travel command) or
– DB21, … DBX40.7 (geometry axis 1: Plus travel command)
– DB21, … DBX332.6 (orientation axis 1: Minus travel command) or
– DB21, … DBX332.7 (orientation axis 1: Plus travel command)
Note
of the axis.
Invert handwheel direction of rotation

The handwheel direction of rotation can be inverted, if the direction of movement of the
handwheel does not match the expected direction of motion of the axis. The adaptation can
be especially necessary, if a handwheel (HT2, HT8) can be assigned to various axes.
Extended Functions
In addition to configuring the particular MD, handwheel direction of rotation inversion can be
activated by setting the IS "Invert the handwheel direction of rotation" belonging to the particular
axis:
● Machine axes:
– DB31, ... DBX7.0 (invert handwheel direction of rotation)
● Geometry axes:
– DB21, ... DBX15.0 (geometry axis 1: Invert handwheel direction of rotation)
– DB21, … DBX323.0 (orientation axis 1: Invert handwheel direction of rotation)
● Contour handwheel:
– DB21, ... DBX31.5 (invert contour handwheel direction of rotation)
Note
The inversion signal should be set in the PLC user program at the same time as the handwheel
selection (IS "Activate handwheel").
The acknowledgement that the handwheel direction of rotation has been inverted by the NC
is realized for each axis using the IS "Handwheel direction of rotation inversion active":
● Machine axes:
– DB31, ... DBX67.0 (handwheel direction of rotation inversion active)
● Geometry axes:
– DB21, ... DBX43.0 (geometry axis 1: Handwheel direction of rotation inversion active)
– DB21, ... DBX335.0 (orientation axis 1: Handwheel direction of rotation inversion active)
● Contour handwheel:
– DB21, ... DBX39.5 (contour handwheel direction of rotation inversion active)
Extended Functions
Note
It is only permissible to change the inversion signal at standstill. If the change is made while
motion setpoints are being output by the interpolator, then the signal change is rejected and
an alarm is output; further, motion is stopped taking into account the actual acceleration value.
Abort/interruption of the traversing motion

The following NC/PLC interface signals abort the traversing motion. The setpoint/actual-value
difference is deleted.
NC/PLC interface signal Scope Effect

DB21, ... DBX7.7 (NC reset) Geometry axis / machine axis Abort
DB21, ... DBX12.0-2 (geometry axis 1: Activate hand‐ Geometry axis 1→0 Abort
wheel <n>)
DB21, … DBX16.0-2 (geometry axis 2: Activate hand‐
wheel <n>)
DB21, … DBX20.0-2 (geometry axis 3: Activate hand‐
wheel <n>)
DB21, ... DBX6.2 (delete distance-to-go) Geometry axis / machine axis 0→1 Abort
DB31, ... DBX2.2 (delete distance-to-go / spindle reset) Geometry axis / machine axis 0→1 Abort
DB31, ... DBX4.2 (activate handwheel <n>) Machine axis 1→0 Abort
DB31, ... DBX1.3 (axis/spindle disable) Geometry axis / machine axis 0→1 Abort
DB31, ... DBX1.5 (position measuring system 1) Geometry axis / machine axis 0→1 Abort
DB31, ... DBX1.6 (position measuring system 2) Geometry axis / machine axis 0→1 Abort
The effect of the handwheel travel (abort or interruption of the traversing motion) can be set
for other NC/PLC interface signals (stop signals) (see Section "Parameter assignment
(Page 173)").
NC STOP only interrupts the traversing movement. Any setpoint/actual-value difference is
retained. The distance-to-go is then traversed using NC START.
See also
Monitoring functions (Page 230)
Extended Functions
Distance or velocity specification

Either the distance or the velocity can be entered via the handwheel:
● Distance specification (default setting)
The distance specified by the handwheel is traversed and No pulses are lost.
Limiting the velocity to the maximum permissible value causes the axes to overtravel.
● Velocity specification
The handwheel only defines the traverse velocity. As soon as the handwheel stops, the
axes stop too. Motion is braked immediately if no pulses are supplied from the handwheel
in one IPO cycle, thus preventing overtravel by the axes. The handwheel pulses do not
supply a path default.
The input mode is set with machine data:
MD11346 $MN_HANDWH_TRUE_DISTANCE (handwheel distance or velocity specification)
Pulse evaluation of the handwheel

The number of pulses that are to be generated per handwheel detent position must be specified
for each handwheel:
MD11320 $MN_HANDWH_IMP_PER_LATCH [<n>] (handwheel pulses per detent position)
Note
Input of a negative value results in a reversal of the handwheel direction of rotation.
Increment size
The number of increments to be traversed by the axis per handwheel pulse is determined by
the selected increment size.
In addition to five fixed increment sizes (default setting: INC1, INC10, INC100, INC1000 and
INC10000), a variable increment size (INCvar) that can be set via the setting data is also
available.
Fixed increments
The parameter assignment of the fixed increment sizes is performed via NC-specific machine
data:
MD11330 $MN_JOG_INCR_SIZE_TAB[1 ... 5] = <number of increments 1 ... 5>
Variable increment
The parameter assignment of the variable increment size is performed via NC-specific setting
data:
SD41010 $SN_JOG_VAR_INCR_SIZE = <number of increments>
Extended Functions
Distance evaluation of one increment

The distance evaluation of one increment for fixed and variable increment sizes is performed
via the axis-specific machine data:
MD31090 $MA_JOG_INCR_WEIGHT = <distance>
Note
Input of a negative value results in a reversal of the handwheel direction of rotation.
Limitation of the increment size

The machine operator can limit the size of the selected increment:
● For machine axes, using the axis-specific machine data:
MD32080 $MA_HANDWH_MAX_INCR_SIZE (limiting the selected increment)
● For geometry axes, using the channel-specific machine data:
MD20620 $MC_HANDWH_GEOAX_MAX_INCR_SIZE (limitation of handwheel increment
for geometry axes)
● For orientation axes, using the channel-specific machine data:
MD20621 $MC_HANDWH_ORIAX_MAX_INCR_SIZE (limitation of handwheel increment
for orientation axes)
Representation of the handwheel number in the NC/PLC interface signals

The representation of the handwheel number in the NC/PLC interface signals is defined using
machine data:
MD11324 $MN_HANDWH_VDI_REPRESENTATION
Value Meaning
0 Bit-coded representation (basic setting)
→ Three handwheels can be represented.
1 Binary-coded representation
→ Six handwheels can be represented.
Output of the NC/PLC interface signals "Plus travel command" / "Minus travel command"
The output behavior of the NC/PLC interface signals "Plus travel command" / "Minus travel
command" is specified with the machine data:
MD17900 $MN_VDI_FUNCTION_MASK
Value Meaning
0 The NC/PLC interface signals "Plus travel command" / "Minus travel command" are already
output when a travel request is active (default setting).
1 The NC/PLC interface signals "Plus travel command" / "Minus travel command" are only output
when the axis actually moves (i.e. if setpoints are output at the servo).
Extended Functions
Velocity
In handwheel travel the following axis velocities, effective during JOG mode, are used:
● SD41110 $SN_JOG_SET_VELO (axis velocity for JOG)
● SD41130 $SN_JOG_ROT_AX_SET_VELO (axis velocity for rotary axes for JOG mode)
● MD32020 $MA_JOG_VELO (conventional axis velocity)
Note
Because of the limited feedrate, the axis is not able to follow the handwheel rotation
synchronously, especially in the case of a large pulse weighting, and therefore overtravels.
Acceleration
As for manual travel (see "Parameter assignment (general) (Page 151) ").
Movement in the opposite direction

The behavior at a reversal of the traversing direction (by turning the handwheel in the opposite
direction) can be set in the machine data:
MD11310 $MN_HANDWH_REVERSE (threshold for direction change handwheel)
Value Meaning
=0 If the handwheel is moved in the opposite direction, the resulting distance is computed and
the calculated end point is approached as fast as possible.
If this end point is located before the point where the moving axis can decelerate in the current
direction of travel, the unit is decelerated and the end point is approached by moving in the
opposite direction. If this is not the case, the newly calculated end point is approached imme‐
diately.
>0 If the handwheel is moved in the opposite direction by at least the number of pulses indicated
in the machine data, the axis is decelerated as fast as possible and all pulses received until
the end of the interpolation are ignored.
This means that another movement takes place only after the axis reaches standstill (setpoint
side).
Behavior at software limit switches, working-area limitation

When axes are traversed in JOG mode, they can traverse only up to the first active limitation
before the corresponding alarm is output.
Depending on the setting in the machine data:
MD11310 $MN_HANDWH_REVERSE (threshold for direction change, handwheel)
Extended Functions
the behavior is then as follows (as long as the axis has still not arrived at the end point from
the setpoint side):
● The distance resulting from the handwheel pulses forms a fictitious end point which is used
for subsequent calculations.
If this fictitious end point is, for example, 10 mm behind the limit, these 10 mm must be
traversed in the opposite direction before the axis traverses again. If a movement in the
opposite direction is to be performed immediately after a limitation is reached, the fictitious
distance-to-go can be deleted via delete distance-to-go or deselection of the handwheel
assignment.
● All handwheel pulses leading to an end point behind the limitation are ignored. Any
movement of the handwheel in the opposite direction leads to an immediate movement in
the opposite direction, i.e. away from the limit.
Feedrate behavior
In JOG mode, the feedrate behavior of the axis/spindle also depends on the setting data:
SD41100 $SN_JOG_REV_IS_ACTIVE (JOG: Revolutional/linear feedrate)
SD41100 $SN_JOG_REV_IS_ACTIVE
Active An axis/spindle is always traversed with revolutional feedrate
MD32050 $MA_JOG_REV_VELO (revolutional feedrate for JOG)
or
MD32040 $MA_JOG_REV_VELO_RAPID
(revolutional feedrate for JOG with rapid traverse override)
depending on the master spindle.
Not active The behavior of the axis/spindle depends on the setting data:
SD43300 $SA_ASSIGN_FEED_PER_REV_SOURCE
(revolutional feedrate for positioning axes/spindles)
The behavior of a geometry axis on which a frame with rotation acts,
depends on the channel-specific setting data:
SD42600 $SC_JOG_FEED_PER_REV_SOURCE
(control of the revolutional feedrate in JOG)
Effect of the NC/PLC interface stop signals

The effect of the NC/PLC interface stop signals on the handwheel travel (abort or interruption
of the traversing motion) can be set via the machine data:
MD20624 $MC_HANDWH_CHAN_STOP_COND (definition of the handwheel travel behavior,
channel-specific)
MD32084 $MA_HANDWH_STOP_COND (handwheel travel behavior)
NC/PLC interface signal Scope MD20624 $MC_HANDWH_CHAN_STOP_COND

Bit == 0 Bit == 1
DB11 DBX0.5 (mode group Geometry axis / machine axis Interruption until NC start Abort
stop)
DB11 DBX0.6 (mode group Geometry axis / machine axis Interruption until NC start Abort
stop, axes plus spindle)
Extended Functions

Bit == 0 Bit == 1
DB21, ... DBX7.3 (NC Stop) Geometry axis / machine axis Interruption until NC start Abort
DB21, ... DBX7.4 (NC stop, Geometry axis / machine axis Interruption until NC start Abort
axes plus spindle)
DB21, ... DBX6.0 (feedrate Geometry axis / machine axis Interruption Abort
disable)
DB21, ... DBB4 (feedrate Geometry axes Override == 0: Interruption if Override == 0: Abort if rapid
override) rapid traverse override is not traverse override is not active
DB31, ... DBX4.5 (rapid tra‐ active
verse override)
DB21, ... DBB5 (rapid tra‐ Geometry axes Rapid traverse override == 0: Rapid traverse override == 0:
verse override) Interruption if rapid traverse Abort if rapid traverse over‐
DB31, ... DBX4.5 (rapid tra‐ override is active ride is active
verse override)
DB21, ... DBX12/16/20.3 (ge‐ Geometry axis Interruption Abort
ometry axis 1/2/3: Feedrate
stop)

Bit == 0 Bit == 1
DB31, ... DBB0 (axial fee‐ Machine axis, not spindle Override == 0: Interruption Override == 0: Abort
drate override)
DB31, ... DBB19 (spindle Spindle Override == 0: Interruption Override == 0: Abort
override)
DB31, ... DBX4.3 (feedrate Geometry axis / machine axis Interruption Abort
stop / spindle stop)
DB31, ... DBX2.3 (clamping Geometry axis / machine axis No effect Abort
in progress)
DB31, ... DBX2.1 (control sys‐ Geometry axis / machine axis Interruption Abort
tem enable)
DB31, ... DBX21.7 (pulse en‐ Geometry axis / machine axis Interruption Abort
able)
Note
Removal of the "Controller enable" and "Pulse enable" during traversing results in a rapid stop
of the axis and a reset alarm.
Interruption of a traversing motion

When a stop command is issued, the distance-to-go is saved and the handwheel pulses are
collected. When the stop condition no longer applies, the resulting distance is traversed.
Abort of a traversing motion

When a stop command is issued, the distance-to-go is deleted and the handwheel pulses are
ignored (i.e. not collected) until the stop condition no longer applies.
Extended Functions
Behavior in the event of a safe operating stop

Analog to the NC/PLC interface stop signals, the behavior in the event of a stop can also be
adjusted by activating the safe operating stop (SBH):
Stop condition Scope MD20624 $MC_HANDWH_CHAN_STOP_COND

Bit 12 == 0 Bit 12 == 1
(Default setting)
Safe operating stop in Machine axis Interruption Abort
the event of active tar‐
get velocity limit
In the default setting, Bit 12 is set to "1", i.e. in the event of a stop resulting from activation of
the safe stop, current movements are aborted and new handwheel pulses ignored.
Prerequisite for an interpolatory stop is an active target velocity limit (i.e., MD36933
$MA_SAFE_DES_VELO_LIMIT > 0).
4.6.3 Travel request

The following examples are intended to illustrate the method of operation of the "Travel
request" NC/PLC interface signal.
Extended Functions
Example 1: Handwheel travel with distance specification, stop condition is not an abort criterion
If a stop condition that is present is not an abort criterion (see
MD32084 $MA_HANDWH_STOP_COND or
MD20624 $MC_HANDWH_CHAN_STOP_COND) during handwheel travel with distance
specification (MD11346 $MN_HANDWH_TRUE_DISTANCE == 1 or == 3), then the output of
the NC/PLC interface signals "Travel request" and "Travel command" corresponds to the
behavior in the two figures below.
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abort criterionMD17900 $MN_VDI_FUNCTION_MASK bit 0 = 0

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Figure 4-2 Signal-time diagram:Handwheel travel with distance specification, stop condition is not an
abort criterionMD17900 $MN_VDI_FUNCTION_MASK bit 0 = 1
Extended Functions
Example 2: Handwheel travel, stop condition is an abort criterion

If a stop condition is selected as an abort criterion via machine data
MD32084 $MA_HANDWH_STOP_COND or
MD20624 $MC_HANDWH_CHAN_STOP_COND during handwheel travel, no travel
command is output, but the corresponding travel request is output.
When the stop condition is removed, the corresponding "Travel request" NC/PLC interface
signal is reset, as an abort is present. The stop condition is no longer active, but the axis cannot
be traversed as the stop condition has caused an abort.
In addition, either the distance specification (MD11346 $MN_HANDWH_TRUE_DISTANCE
== 1 or == 3) is active or the handwheel is moved continuously, i.e. it provides pulses.
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Figure 4-3 Signal-time diagram:Handwheel travel, stop condition is an abort criterion
If a stop condition is activated during the handwheel travel, the motion is aborted and the
"Travel request" and "Travel command" NC/PLC interface signals are reset.
Example 3: Handwheel travel with velocity specification, stop condition is an abort criterion
If the handwheel is no longer moved for velocity specification
(MD11346 $MN_HANDWH_TRUE_DISTANCE == 0 or == 2), the "Travel request" NC/PLC
interface signal is reset.
The "Travel request" PLC signal is also reset when the handwheel is deselected.
Extended Functions
4.7 Manual traversing of the spindle

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Figure 4-4 Signal-time diagram:Handwheel travel with velocity specification, stop condition is an abort
criterion
NC stop
With NC stop present, no travel command and, therefore, no travel request is output. There is
an exception with DRF travel: If DRF travel is permitted in the NC stop state via machine data
MD20624 $MC_HANDWH_CHAN_STOP_COND (bit 13 == 1), the behavior corresponds to
that of handwheel travel.
Spindle mode
Manual traversing of the spindle is possible both in positioning mode (spindle is in position
control) and in open-loop control mode.
Velocity
The velocity applied for the manual traversing of the spindles is defined by the general setting
data:
SD41200 $SN_JOG_SPIND_SET_VELO (speed of spindle in JOG mode)
MD32020 $_MA_JOG_VELO (conventional axis velocity)
The maximum speeds of the active gear stage are also considered when manually traversing
a spindle.
Extended Functions
References:
Spindle override
The velocity during manual traversing of the spindle can be influenced by the spindle
compensation switch.
Acceleration
As a spindle often uses many gear stages in speed-control and position-control modes, the
acceleration associated with the current gear stage is always applied to the spindle in JOG
mode.
References:
Interface signals
When manually traversing the spindles, the interface signals between NCK and PLC have the
same effect as for the machine axes.
The interface signals DB31, ... DBX60.7 or DBX60.6 (position reached with fine or coarse exact
stop) are only set if the spindle is in position control.
Spindle-specific interface signals

In JOG mode, the following interface signals to the spindle have no effect:
● DB31, ... DBX17.6 (invert M3/M4)
● DB31, ... DBX18.6/7 (oscillation rotation direction right/left)
● DB31, ... DBX18.5 (oscillation enable)
● DB31, ... DBX16.7 (delete S value)
In JOG mode, the following interface signals from the spindle are not set:
● DB31, ... DBX83.7 (clockwise actual direction of rotation)
● DB31, ... DBX83.5 (spindle in set range)
Extended Functions
4.8 Manual traversing of geometry axes/orientation axes
Note
Transformation package, handling
In the JOG mode, using the "Handling transformation package" for SINUMERIK 840D sl, the
translation of geometry axes in several valid references systems can be set separately from
one another.
Reference:
Function Manual, Special Functions; TE4: Transformation package, handling
See also Chapter "Cartesian manual travel (optional) (Page 476)".
Simultaneous travel
Only one geometry axis can be traversed continuously or incrementally at one time using the
traversing keys. Where an attempt is made to traverse more than one geometry axis, alarm
20062 "Axis already active" is output. However, three geometry axes can be traversed
simultaneously using handwheels 1 to 3.
Transverse axis
If a geometry axis is defined as transverse axis (see MD20100 $MC_DIAMETER_AX_DEF)
and radius programming has been selected, the following applies:
● Continuous travel:
There are no differences when a transverse axis is traversed continuously.
● Incremental travel:
Only half the distance of the selected increment size is traversed. For example, with INC10
the axis only traverses 5 increments when the traversing key is pressed.
● Traversing with the handwheel:
As for incremental travel, with the handwheel only half the distance is traversed per
handwheel pulse.
References:
Function Manual Basic Functions; Transverse Axes (P1)
PLC interface
For geometry axes/orientation axes, there is a separate PLC interface that contains the same
signals as the axis-specific PLC interface:
● Geometry axes:
DB21, ... DBB12-23 and
DB21, ... DBB40-56
DB21, ... DBB320-331 and
DB21, ... DBB332-343
Extended Functions
Velocity
● Geometry axes
The velocity applied for the manual traversing of geometry axes is defined by the channel-
MD21165 $MC_JOG_VELO_GEO (conventional velocity for geometry axes)
The velocity applied for the manual traversing of orientation axes is defined by the channel-
MD21155 $MC_JOG_VELO_ORI (conventional velocity for orientation axes)

If the traversing keys/manual wheel are also actuated together with the rapid traverse override
key, the movement will be made with the configured rapid traverse velocity:
● Geometry axes
– MD21160 $MC_JOG_VELO_RAPID_GEO (conventional rapid traverse for geometry
axes)
– MD21150 $MC_JOG_VELO_RAPID_ORI (conventional rapid traverse for orientation
axes)
Feedrate override
The channel-specific feedrate override switch is active for manual traversing of geometry axes.
Acceleration and jerk

For the manual traversing of geometry axes/orientation axes, the acceleration and jerk can be
limited for specific channels. This enables better handling of the kinematics that generate
Cartesian motions entirely via rotary axes (robots).
Geometry axes
The maximum acceleration when manually traversing geometry axes can be specified for each
MD21166 $MC_JOG_ACCEL_GEO [<geometry axis>]
The maximum jerk when manually traversing geometry axes in the SOFT acceleration mode
(acceleration with jerk limitation) can be specified for each channel via the machine data:
MD21168 $MC_JOG_JERK_GEO [<geometry axis>]
Orientation axes
The maximum jerk when manually traversing orientation axes can be specified for each
Extended Functions
4.9 Approaching a fixed point in JOG
MD21158 $MC_JOG_JERK_ORI [<orientation axis>]

For MD21158 to take effect, the channel-specific jerk limitation for the manual traversing of
orientation axes must be enabled via the following machine data:
MD21159 $MC_JOG_JERK_ORI_ENABLE == TRUE
Alarms
Alarm 20060
If the axis is not defined as a geometry axis, alarm 20060, "Axis cannot be traversed as a
geometry axis", is output if you attempt to manually traverse it as a geometry axis in JOG mode.
Alarm 20062
Alarm 20062, "Axis already active", is triggered in the case that a geometry axis/orientation
axis is manually traversed under the following conditions:
● The axis is already being traversed in JOG mode via the axial PLC interface.
● A frame for a rotated coordinate system is already active and another geometry axis in this
coordinate system is traversed in JOG mode with the traversing keys.
4.9.1 Function
The machine user can use the "Approaching fixed point in JOG" function to approach axis
positions defined through machine data by actuating the traverse keys of the machine control
table. The traveling axis comes to a standstill automatically on reaching the defined fixed point.
Note
Approaching a fixed point with G75
The process for approaching defined fixed points can also be activated from the part program
using the G75 command.
For more information on fixed point approach with G75 please refer to:
References:
Programming Manual, Fundamentals; Section: "Additional commands" > "Approach fixed point
(G75)".
Applications
Typical applications are, for example:
● Approaching a basic position before starting an NC program.
● Travel towards tool change points, loading points and pallet change points.
Extended Functions
Requirements
● The "Approaching fixed point in JOG" can be activated only in the JOG mode.
The function cannot be activated if the machine function JOG-REPOS or JOG-REF is active
and in JOG in AUTOMATIC.
● The axis to be traversed must be referenced.
● A kinematic transformation may not be active.
● The axis to be traversed may not be a following axis of an active coupling.
Procedure
Procedure in "Approaching fixed point in JOG"
1. Selection of JOG mode
2. Enabling the "Approach fixed point in JOG" function
3. Traversing of the machine axis with traverse keys or handwheel
Activation
After selecting the "Approach fixed point in JOG" function, the PLC outputs the number of the
fixed point to be approached binary coded to the NC using the following bits:
DB31, ... DBX13.0-2 (JOG approach fixed point)
The NC confirms the activation with the interface signal as soon as the function is effective:
DB31, ... DBX75.0-2 (JOG approach fixed point active)
Note
Activation is not possible:
● during an NCK reset
● In case of impending emergency stop
● During processing of an ASUP
No alarm message occurs. Delayed activation takes place after closure or after
acknowledgement of the active function.
Sequence
The actual traversing is started with the traverse keys or the handwheel in the direction of the
approaching fixed point.
The selected machine axis traverses till it comes to an automatic standstill at the fixed point.
The corresponding NC/PLC interface signal is reported on reaching the fixed point with "Exact
stop fine":
DB31, ... DBX75.3-5 (JOG approach fixed point reached)
This display signal is also signaled if the axis reaches the fixed point position in the machine
coordinates system via other methods e.g. NC program, FC18 (for 840D sl) or synchronized
Extended Functions
action on the setpoint side and comes to a standstill on the actual value side within the "Exact
stop fine" tolerance window (MD36010 $MA_STOP_LIMIT_FINE).

The response while traversing in the opposite direction, i.e. against the direction of the
approaching fixed point, depends on the setting of Bit 2 in the machine data:
MD10735 $MN_JOG_MODE_MASK (settings for the JOG mode)
Traverse in the opposite direction is possible only if the bit is set.
Traverse in the opposite direction is blocked if the bit is not set and the following channel status
message is output if an attempt is made with the traverse keys or with the handwheel to
traverse in the direction opposite the approaching fixed point:
"JOG: Direction blocked <axis>"
Approaching other fixed point

The axis motion is cancelled and the following alarm is output if a different fixed point is selected
while traversing to the fixed point:
Alarm 17812 "Channel %1 Axis %2 fixed point approach in JOG: Fixed point changed"
The message signal DB31, ... DBX75.0-2 (JOG - Approaching fixed point active) displays the
number of the newly selected fixed point. The JOG traverse must be triggered again to continue
traversing.
Note
To avoid the alarm message, the machine user should proceed as follows:
1. Cancel the current traverse movement with residual distance deletion.
2. Activate fixed point approach for another fixed point and start the operation after the axis
comes to a standstill.
Withdrawal from fixed point / deactivation

To withdraw from a fixed position, you must deactivate the "Approaching fixed point in JOG"
function. This is done by resetting the activation signal to "0".
DB31, ... DBX13.0-2 = 0
The message signals DB31, ... DBX75.0-2 (JOG - Approaching fixed point active) and
DB31, ... DBX75.3-5 (JOG - Approaching fixed point reached) are deleted on leaving the fixed
point position.
Special case: Axis is already on fixed point

The axis cannot be moved if, while starting the fixed point traverse, the axis is already at the
position of the fixed point to be approached. This is displayed through the following channel
status message:
Extended Functions
"JOG: position reached <axis>"

To withdraw from the fixed position, you must deactivate the "Approaching fixed point in JOG"
function.
Special features of incremental travel

If, during incremental travel, the fixed point is reached before the increment is completed, then
the increment is considered to have been completed fully. This is the case even when only
whole increments are traveled.
MD11346 $MN_HANDWH_TRUE_DISTANCE = 2 or 3
Special features of modulo rotary axes

Modulo rotary axes can approach the fixed point in both directions. The shortest path (DC) is
not observed during the travel.
Features of spindles
A spindle changes to the positioning mode on actuating the "Approaching fixed point in JOG"
function. The closed loop position control is active and the axis can traverse to the fixed point.
If no zero mark is detected the alarm message in the axis operation is output:
Alarm 17810 "Channel %1 Axis %2 not referenced"
As a spindle must also be a modulo rotary axis at all times, the same conditions apply for
direction observation as for modulo rotary axes (refer to the paragraph "Features of modulo
rotary axes")

The behavior while traversing in the opposite direction - i.e. in the direction opposite to
approaching the fixed point - depends on the following setting:
MD10735 $MN_JOG_MODE_MASK, bit 2 (settings for the JOG mode)
Bit Value Meaning

2 0 Travel in the opposite direction is not possible (default setting).
1 Movement in the opposite direction is possible.
Fixed point positions

Up to four fixed point positions can be defined for an axis:
MD30600 $MA_FIX_POINT_POS[0...3] = <fixed point position 1...4>
Extended Functions
Number of valid fixed point positions

The number of fixed point positions entered in MD30600 $MA_FIX_POINT_POS that are
actually valid, can be defined using:
MD30610 $MA_NUM_FIX_POINT_POS = <number of valid fixed point positions>
Note
Exception: G75
For compatibility reasons, the following parameter assignment is also possible for G75:
MD30610 $MA_NUM_FIX_POINT_POS = 0 (no valid fixed point positions)
it is assumed that there are two valid fixed point positions in MD30600
$MA_FIX_POINT_POS[0] and [1].
Fixed point positions 1 and 2 can be activated via the NC/PLC interface, however they can
only be approached via G75.
Extended Functions
Axis dynamics
The axis-specific acceleration and the axis-specific jerk for "Approaching fixed point in JOG"
are determined by the following machine data:
● When traversing with traverse keys or handwheel:
– MD32301 $MA_JOG_MAX_ACCEL (maximum axis-specific acceleration for JOG
movements)
– MD32436 $MA_JOG_MAX_JERK (maximum axis-specific jerk for JOG movements)
Note
MD32436 $MA_JOG_MAX_JERK is only effective when the axis-specific jerk limitation
for single-axis movements has been enabled for the machine axes to be traversed:
● During traversing via the G75 part program command:

– MD32300 $MA_MAX_AX_ACCEL [0/1] (maximum axis-specific acceleration for path
motions in the dynamic response mode DYNNORM/DYNPOS)
Note
The type of positioning axis dynamics (DYNNORM or DYNPOS) is defined by the
machine data:
MD18960 $MN_POS_DYN_MODE = <mode>
– MD32431 $MA_MAX_AX_JERK [0] (maximum axis-specific jerk for path motions in the
dynamic response mode DYNNORM)
Note
MD32431 $MA_MAX_AX_JERK is only effective when the axis-specific jerk limitation
for single-axis movements has been enabled for the machine axes to be traversed:
Reference:
Function Manual, Basic Functions; Acceleration (B2)
4.9.3 Programming
System variables
The following system variables that can be read in the part program and in the synchronous
actions for the "Approach fixed point" function.

$AA_FIX_POINT_SELECTED [<Axis>] Number of fixed point to be approached
$AA_FIX_POINT_ACT [<Axis>] Number of the fixed point on which the axis is cur‐
rently located
Extended Functions
4.9.4 Supplementary Conditions
Axis is indexing axis

The axis is not traversed and an alarm is output if the axis to be traversed is an indexing axis
and the fixed point position to be approached does not match an indexing position.
Frames active
All active frames are ignored. Traversing is performed in the machine coordinate system.
Offset values active

Active offset values (DRF, external zero offset, synchronized action offset $AA_OFF, online
tool offset) are also traversed. The fixed point is a position in the machine coordinates system.
An alarm is issued if an offset movement (DRF, external zero offset, synchronized action offset
$AA_OFF, online tool offset) is made during a fixed point approach in JOG. The position of
the fixed point to be approached in the machine coordinates system is not reached; instead a
position that would have been reached without active offset movement is reached. The NC/
PLC interface signal DB31, ... DBX75.3-5 corresponding to the fixed point is not output.
Working-area limitations
Working-area limitations (in BCS and WCS) are considered and the axis motion is stopped on
reaching the limits.
4.9.5 Application example
Target
A rotary axis (machine axis 4 [AX4]) is to be moved to Fixed Point 2 (90 degrees) with the
"Approaching fixed point in JOG" function.
Parameter setting
The machine data for the "Approaching fixed point" function of machine axis 4 are
parameterized as follows:
MD30610 $MA_NUM_FIX_POINT_POS[AX4] = 4 4 fixed points are defined for machine

axis 4.
MD30600 $MA_FIX_POINT_POS[0,AX4] = 0 1st Fixed point of AX4 = 0 degree
MD30600 $MA_FIX_POINT_POS[1,AX4] = 90 2nd Fixed point of AX4 = 90 degree
MD30600 $MA_FIX_POINT_POS[2,AX4] = 180 3rd Fixed point of AX4 = 180 degree
MD30600 $MA_FIX_POINT_POS[3,AX4] = 270 4th Fixed point of AX4 = 270 degree
Extended Functions
4.10 Position travel in JOG
Initial situation
Machine axis 4 is referred and is in Position 0 degree. This corresponds to the 1st fixed position
and is output through the NC/PLC interface signal:
DB31 DBX75.0 = 1 (Bit 0-2 = 1)
Approaching fixed point 2

The control is switched in the JOG mode.
The "Approaching fixed point" function is activated on Fixed Point 2 via the NC/PLC interface
signal:
DB31 DBX13.1 = 1 (Bit 0-2 = 2)
The actuation is confirmed via the NC/PLC interface signal:
DB31 DB75.1 = 1 (Bit 0-2 = 2)
The Plus traverse key in the machine control table is used to traverse continuously to approach
Fixed Point 2.
The machine axis 4 stops at the 90 degree position. This is reported via the NC/PLC interface
signal:
DB31 DBX75.4 = 1 (Bit 3-5 = 2)
4.10.1 Function
The "Position travel in JOG" function allows the machine operator to specify, via the setting
data, a position in the machine coordinate system, to which the selected machine axis can be
traversed using the traverse keys or the handwheel.
Applications
The function is used for machine tools that are exclusively operated manually, e.g. to approach
drill-holes in precise increments.
Preconditions
● The "Position travel in JOG" function can be activated only in the JOG mode.
The function cannot be activated if the machine function JOG-REPOS or JOG-REF is active
and in JOG in AUTOMATIC.
● The axis to be traversed must be referenced.
● A kinematic transformation may not be active.
● The axis to be traversed may not be a following axis of an active coupling.
Extended Functions
Procedure
Procedure for position travel in JOG:
2. Specification of the position to be approached
3. Enabling the "Position travel in JOG" function
4. Traversing of the machine axis with traverse keys or handwheel
Specification of the position to be approached

The position to be approached is entered in the setting data:
SD43320 $SA_JOG_POSITION (JOG position)
Activating the function

The PLC sets the interface signal after the "Position travel in JOG" function has been selected:
DB31, ... DBX13.3 (JOG travel to position)
DB31, ... DBX75.6 (JOG JOG travel to position active)
Note
● if the "approaching fixed point JOG" function is already activated
Sequence
Approaching the position is started with the traverse keys or the handwheel.
The axis traverses until it comes to an automatic standstill at the position to be approached.
When the position is reached with "Exact stop fine", the following NC/PLC interface signal is
output:
DB31, ... DBX75.7 (JOG position reached)
Approach a different position

If the content of the setting data SD43320 is changed while approaching a position, then the
axis movement is canceled and the following alarm is output:
Extended Functions
Alarm 17822 "Channel %1 Axis %2 jogging to position: position changed"

The JOG traverse must be triggered again to approach the new position.
Note
2. Enter a new position in SD43320 after axis has come to a standstill.
3. Restart the JOG motion.
Retraction from the position/deactivation

To retract from the position, the function "Position travel in JOG" must be deactivated. This is
done by resetting the activation signal to "0".
DB31, ... DBX13.3 = 0
The deactivation also resets the message signals DB31, ... DBX75.6 and DB31, ... DBX75.7.
Retraction in the opposite direction

The behavior when retracting from the position in the opposite direction depends on the setting
of bit 2 in the machine data:
Retraction in the opposite direction is possible only if the bit is set.
If the bit is not set, retraction in the opposite direction is blocked, and the following channel
status message is output if an attempt is made with the traverse keys or with the handwheel
to exit the approached position in the opposite direction:
"JOG: Direction blocked <axis>"
Special case: axis is already at position

The axis cannot be traversed if the axis is already at the position to be approached when
starting the JOG motion. This is displayed through the following channel status message:
"JOG: position reached <axis>"
To retract, the function "Position travel in JOG" must be deactivated.
Special features of incremental travel

If, during incremental travel, the position is reached before the increment is completed, then
the increment is considered to have been completed fully. This is the case even when only
whole increments are traveled.
MD11346 $MN_HANDWH_TRUE_DISTANCE = 2 or 3
Extended Functions
Special features of modulo rotary axes

Modulo rotary axes can approach the position in both directions. The shortest path (DC) is not
observed during the travel.
Features of spindles
A spindle changes to the positioning mode on actuating the "Position travel in JOG" function.
The closed loop position control is active and the axis can be traversed to the position.
If no zero mark is detected the alarm message in the axis operation is output:
Alarm 17810 "Channel %1 Axis %2 not referenced"
As a spindle must also be a modulo rotary axis at all times, the same conditions apply for
direction observation as for modulo rotary axes (refer to the paragraph "Features of modulo
rotary axes")
See also
Parameter setting (Page 195)
4.10.2 Parameter setting
Consideration of axial frames and tool length compensation

The consideration of axial frames and, if an axis is configured as geometry axis, the tool length
compensation, depends on the setting of bit 1 in the machine data:
Bit Value Meaning

1 0 Axial frames and tool length compensation are not considered.
1 Axial frames and tool length compensation are considered.
Retraction in the opposite direction

The behavior when retracting from a position in the opposite direction depends on the setting
of bit 2 in the machine data:
Bit Value Meaning

2 0 Retraction in the opposite direction is not possible (default setting).
1 Retraction in the opposite direction is possible.
Position to be approached
The position to be approached is entered in the setting data:
Extended Functions
SD43320 $SA_JOG_POSITION (JOG position)
Axis is indexing axis

The axis is not traversed and an alarm is output if the axis to be traversed is an indexing axis
and the position to be approached does not match an indexing position.
Frames active
All active frames are ignored. Traversing is performed in the machine coordinate system.
Correction values active

Active correction values (DRF, external zero offset, synchronized action offset $AA_OFF,
online tool offset) are also traversed.
An alarm is issued if an offset movement (DRF, external zero offset, synchronized action offset
$AA_OFF, online tool offset) is made during the approach of a variable position in JOG. The
position to be approached in the machine coordinate system is not reached; instead a position
that would have been reached without active offset movement is reached. The NC/PLC
interface signal DB31, ... DBX75.7 is not reported.
Working area limits

Working-area limitations (in BCS and WCS) are considered and the axis motion is stopped on
reaching the limits.
Objective
A rotary axis (machine axis 4 [AX4]) is to be moved to Position 100 degrees with the "Position
travel in JOG" function.
Parameter assignment
The position to be approached is specified via the user interface as follows:
SD43320 $SA_JOG_POSITION[AX4] = 100; position to be approached for machine axis 4 =

100
Extended Functions
4.11 Circular travel in JOG
Initial situation
Axis 4 [AX4] is referred and is at Position 0 degree.
Approaching the position

The control is switched to JOG mode and machine axis 4 is selected.
The function "Position travel in JOG" is activated:
DB34 DBX13.3 = 1
The NC confirms the activation as soon as the function is effective:
DB34 DBX75.6 = 1
Approaching the position is started via continuous traversing and the JOG traverse key Plus
of the machine control panel.
The axis traverses until it comes to an automatic standstill at the position 100 degrees.
When the position is reached with "Exact stop fine", the following NC/PLC interface signal is
set:
DB34 DB75.7 = 1
4.11.1 Function
With the "Circular travel in JOG" function, the machine operator can simultaneously traverse
the two geometry axes of the active plane along an arc using the traverse keys or handwheel.
Applications
This function is used for machine tools that are exclusively operated manually.
Preconditions
● The "Circular travel in JOG" function can be activated only in the JOG mode.
The function cannot be activated if the machine functions JOG-REPOS and JOG-REF are
active.
● The axes that participate in traversing must be homed.
● The active plane must not be inclined.
Extended Functions
Procedure
Procedure for circular travel in JOG:
1. Plane selection
3. Specification of circle parameters
4. Activation of the function "Circular travel in JOG"
5. Traversing of the geometry axes with traverse keys or handwheel
Plane selection
The geometry axes of the active plane are selected by programming one of the following G
commands:
G command 1st geometry axis of the plane 2nd geometry axis of the plane
G17 X Y
G18 Z X
G19 Y Z
Specification of circle parameters

At least the following data is required for circular travel in JOG:
● Coordinates of the circle center point
● The maximum circle radius for internal machining or minimum circle radius for external
machining
● Machining mode (internal or external machining)
The specifications are made via the user interface in the channel-specific setting data:
SD42690 $SC_JOG_CIRCLE_CENTRE (circle center point)
SD42691 $SC_JOG_CIRCLE_RADIUS (circle radius)
SD42692 $SC_JOG_CIRCLE_MODE (jog circle mode)
For details, see Chapter "Parameter setting (Page 203)".
Activating the function

The PLC sets the interface signal after the "Circular travel in JOG" function has been selected:
DB21, ... DBX30.6 (circular travel in JOG)
Extended Functions
DB21, ... DBX377.6 (circular travel in JOG active)
Note
● If at least one of the participating axes is already being traversed
● If PTP travel is active
● During active Cartesian manual traversing with generic transformation
Sequence
After activating the function, the tool can be traversed by means of a continuous or incremental
JOG motion using traverse keys or a handwheel:
● For a JOG movement request for the 1st geometry axis of the active plane, traversing is
done from the current position via a concentric arc with the same center point as for the
defined arc.
● For a JOG movement request for the 2nd geometry axis of the active plane, traversing is
done perpendicular to the defined arc. As a result, the circle radius changes.
● Only one movement at a time can be carried out in the active plane: either on the arc or
perpendicular to it.
● Regardless of the movements in the active plane, the 3rd geometry axis can be traversed
perpendicular to the active plane.
Note
The radius can only be reduced to zero, i.e. to the center point of the circle. If the radius is then
enlarged again, traversing occurs back in the direction from where the reducing started.
Note
If the current position is the center point of the circle when the function is activated or after a
change to the center point of the circle, then the following applies:
● For a full circle, traversing takes place in the direction of the 2nd geometry axes.
● For a segment of a circle, travel is in the direction of the angle bisector.
Extended Functions
Internal or external machining

Depending on the specification in the setting data SD42692 $SC_JOG_CIRCLE_MODE,
internal or external machining takes place:
● Internal machining
– Traversing is only possible within the defined circle.
– The circle radius in SD42691 $SA_CIRCLE_RADIUS is the maximum radius.
● External machining
– Traversing is only possible outside of the defined circle.
– The circle radius in SD42691 $SA_CIRCLE_RADIUS is the minimum radius.
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Figure 4-5 Circular travel in JOG: Internal/external machining
Circle segment machining

By specifying a start and end angle, the working area for the 1st and 2nd geometry axis can
be limited to a circle segment:
SD42693 $SC_JOG_CIRCLE_START_ANGLE (circle start angle)
SD42694 $SC_JOG_CIRCLE_END_ANGLE (circle end angle)
Furthermore, the direction from the start to the end angle must be specified to permit the unique
definition of the circle segment:
Extended Functions
SD42692 $SC_JOG_CIRCLE_MODE, bit 0

This bit also specifies the traversing direction along the circular path.
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Extended Functions
Allowance for tool radius

If bit 1 is set in the setting data SD42692 $SC_JOG_CIRCLE_MODE, then the tool radius is
considered when monitoring the operating range limits (define circular arc; for circle segment
machining also the limits that arise due to the start and end angle):
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Figure 4-7 Circular travel in JOG: Circle segment internal machining with tool radius compensation
Note
By taking the tool radius into consideration, the smallest possible radius for the internal
machining in the vicinity of the center point of the circle is also limited.
Axis monitoring
If the current axis positions of the engaged axes are outside of the workspace limits when the
function is activated, then the axes are not traversed and an alarm is output.
Axis positions that are outside of the operating range limits are:
● For internal machining: positions outside of the defined circle
● For external machining: positions within the define circle
● For circle segment machining: Positions outside of the limits that result from the start and
end angles (segment borders)
Extended Functions
● For active tool radius compensation: Positions too close to limiting circle
● For active tool radius compensation and internal machining: Positions too close to center
of circle
● For active tool radius compensation and circle segment machining: Positions too close to
segment borders
Changes to the setting data

Changes in the function-relevant setting data SD42690 to SD42694 that are made during an
active JOG motion only take effect after ending the active JOG motion by triggering a new
JOG motion.
Note
To ensure that changes in the setting data take effect more quickly, the machine operator can
proceed as follows:
2. Change setting data.
3. Restart the JOG motion.
Abort/deactivation
If during a JOG motion the function "Circular travel in JOG" is deactivated (DB21, ... DBX30.6
= 0), then the JOG motion is canceled and an alarm is output.
Note
2. Deactivating the function after axis standstill.
4.11.2 Parameter setting
Traversing direction of the second geometry axis

The traversing direction of the second geometry axis can be set via the following machine data:
Bit Value Meaning

6 0 Traversing of the 2nd geometry axis of the active plane to plus increases the radius,
7 0 traversing to minus decreases the radius. The traversing movement is independent of
whether internal or external machining is active.
Extended Functions
Bit Value Meaning

6 0 Traversing of the 2nd geometry axis of the active plane to plus always takes place in
7 1 the direction of the limiting circle. I.e. the radius is increased for internal machining and
decreased for external machining.
Bit Value Meaning

6 1 Traversing of the 2nd geometry axis of the active plane to minus always takes place
7 1 in the direction of the limiting circle. I.e. the radius is increased for internal machining
and decreased for external machining.
Coordinates of center of circle as radius value

In basic setting, the specified coordinate of an axis is always a diameter value when diameter
programming is active. This can be changed for specifying the center of circle coordinates for
circular traversing in JOG via the following machine data:
MD20360 $MC_TOOL_PARAMETER_DEF_MASK (definition of the tool parameters)
Bit Value Meaning

13 0 For circular travel in JOG, the center of circle coordinate is a diameter value (basic
setting).
1 For circular travel in JOG, the center of circle coordinate is always a radius value.
Center of circle
The center of the circle to be traversed is set in the setting data:
SD42690 $SC_JOG_CIRCLE_CENTRE (circle center point)
The coordinate data refers to the WCS. It can be a diameter or radius value (depending on
the setting in the MD20360 Bit 13).
Only the center point coordinates of the geometry axes of the active plane are evaluated, not
the coordinates of the geometry axis that is perpendicular to the plane.
Circle radius
The radius of the maximum circle for internal machining or of the minimum circle for external
machining is set in the setting data:
SD42691 $SC_JOG_CIRCLE_RADIUS (circle radius)
The radius that is specified refers to the WCS.
Internal or external machining

The machining mode (internal or external machining) is defined in the setting data:
Extended Functions
Bit Value Meaning

2 0 Internal machining takes place.
The circle radius in SD42691 is the maximum possible radius.
1 External machining takes place.
The circle radius in SD42691 is the minimum possible radius.
Circle segment machining

The start and end angles for defining a circle segment that limits the operating range are set
in the setting data:
SD42693 $SC_JOG_CIRCLE_START_ANGLE (circle start angle)
SD42694 $SC_JOG_CIRCLE_END_ANGLE (circle end angle)
The angle data refers to the abscissa of the active plane.
The direction from the start to the end angle is specified in the setting data:
Bit Value Meaning

0 0 The direction from the start to the end angle is counterclockwise.
1 The direction from the start to the end angle is clockwise.
Note
If the start and end angle are equal to zero, full circles can be traversed without limitation.
Allowance for tool radius

The consideration of the tool radius can be selected via the following setting data:
Bit Value Meaning

1 0 When monitoring the operating range limits (define circular arc; for circle segment
machining also the limits that result from the start and end angle), the tool radius is
not considered (basic setting).
1 When monitoring the operating range limits, the tool radius is considered.
Extended Functions
Diameter programming active

During incremental traversing and handwheel traversing of the geometry axes of the active
plane, traversing always takes place in the radius programming, even if diameter programming
is active for one of the two involved geometry axes.
Axis is not a geometry axis

Both axes of the active plane must be defined as geometry axes:
● Either by configuration of MD20050 $MC_AXCONF_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB
● or by programming GEOAX in the part program
If the axes of the active plane are not defined as geometry axes, then the axes are not traversed
and an alarm is output.
Axis is hirth axis

If an axis involved in the circular path is a hirth axis, then the axis is not traversed and an alarm
is output.
Protection zones
Protection zones are not monitored.
Initial situation
● The geometry axes are configured as follows:
MD20050 $MC_AXCONF_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB[0] = 1 1st geo. axis = 1st channel axis

MD20050 $MC_AXCONF_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB[1] = 2 2nd geo. axis = 2nd channel axis
MD20050 $MC_AXCONF_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB[2] = 3 3rd geo. axis = 3rd channel axis
● G17 is active (basic setting):
– X axis = 1st geometry axis of active plane
– Y axis = 2nd geometry axis of active plane
● The selected tool has a radius correction value of 0.02 mm.
Extended Functions
4.12 Retraction in the tool direction (JOG retract)
● The current axis positions are:

– X axis: 10
– Y axis: 10
● The axes are homed.
SD42690 $SC_JOG_CIRCLE_CENTRE[AX1] = 10Center of circle X axis to position 10 mm

SD42690 $SC_JOG_CIRCLE_CENTRE[AX2] = 20Center of circle Y axis to position 20 mm
SD42691 $SC_JOG_CIRCLE_RADIUS = 20 Circle radius 20 mm
SD42692 $SC_JOG_CIRCLE_MODE = 2 Traversing with the plus key:
traversing the circle counter-clockwise
Consideration of the tool radius compensa‐
tion
Internal machining
SD42693 $SC_JOG_CIRCLE_START_ANGLE = 0No start angle active
SD42694 $SC_JOG_CIRCLE_END_ANGLE = 0 No end angle active
Result
Circle inside machining takes place.
With continuous traversing of the X axis using the plus traversing key, a counter-clockwise
(G2) circular movement can be initiated with a radius of 10 mm about the center point of the
circle (10, 20).
With the traversing of the Y axis, the circle radius can be changed between 0.02 and 19.98.
4.12.1 Overview
Function
The function "Retraction in the tool direction with the machine function JOG retract", called
"JOG retract" in the following, supports the manual tool retraction in the workpiece coordinate
system (WCS) after a program abort through a power off of the control or a channel reset in
the AUTOMATIC or MDI mode.
Extended Functions
In particular, the specific features of the following functions are taken into account:
● Tapping with compensating chuck and speed-controlled spindle with encoder (G33)
● Tapping without compensating chuck and position-controlled spindle (G331, G332)
● Machining with tool orientation with swivel cycle CYCLE800 or orientation transformation
Availability
JOG retract can only be selected if one of the following functions was interrupted as a result
of a channel reset or power off:
● Tapping using G33/G331/G332
● Machining using tool type 2xx (drilling tools)
Data to be restored
In order to be able to execute the retraction in the tool direction after a program abort, the
following data which was active in the channel before the program abort, is restored:
● Active tool offset
● Active machining plane
● Active tool carrier
● Active transformation data block with transformation parameters
● Data of the thread group with G33 or G331/G332
● Positions of the axes that are involved in the transformation
If this data is completely available after a program abort, it is restored in the channel when the
JOG retract machine function is selected. In this case, the workpiece coordinate system (WCS)
is aligned by the control in such a way that one of the geometry axes is in the direction of the
tool axis. The tool retraction can then be performed manually by traversing this geometry axis.
Note
Data backup
The specified data itself is not backed up, only the references to this data. If the data is changed
prior to the selection of JOG retract, the function is performed on the basis of the changed data.
Restrictions
Programs that can be started by interrupt signals are not executed in JOG retract.
Extended Functions
4.12.2.1 Automatic selection of JOG retract after Power On

After the control has run up (Power On), the channels of a BAG are as standard in the
parameterized default mode:
MD10720 $MN_OPERATING_MODE_DEFAULT[<mode group>] = <default mode>
The following NC-specific machine data can be used to set which operating mode is selected
after the control run up, if there is retraction data in a BAG channel.
MD10721 $MN_OPERATING_MODE_EXTENDED[<mode group>] = <value>
Value Meaning
0 Selection of the operating mode corresponding to MD10720 $MN_OPERATING_MODE_DE‐
FAULT
1 Selection of JOG mode, if: DB21, ... DBX377.5 == 1 (retraction data available)
4.12.2.2 Enable of the traversing direction

The retraction movement can be limited to the positive direction of travel or enabled for both
travel directions using the following NC-specific machine data:
MD10735 $MN_JOG_MODE_MASK, Bit 8 = <Value>
Value Meaning
0 Release: Positive traverse direction
1 Release: Positive and negative traverse direction
4.12.2.3 Measuring system status

The current status of the measuring system is displayed via the following axis-specific machine
data or must be set to the desired behavior for selection:
MD34210 $MA_ENC_REFP_STATE[<Axis>] = <Value>
Value 1) Meaning
Absolute encoder
2 Encoder is calibrated
Incremental encoder
1 Automatic referencing: Enabled, but encoder still not referenced
2 Automatic referencing: Encoder is referenced and in exact stop, automatic referencing
takes effect at next time encoder activation
3 Restoration of the actual position: The last axis position buffered before switching off is
restored, no automatic referencing
1) Only the values relevant for JOG-Retract are stated
Extended Functions
4.12.3 Selection
Function
Requirement
The selection of JOG retract is only possible, if valid retraction data is available for the relevant
channel, the channel is in JOG mode and in the "Reset" state:
● DB21, … DBX377.5 == 1 (retraction data available)
● DB11 DBX(n*20+6).2 == 1 (active mode: JOG, with n=0, 1 ,2 ... for mode group 1, 2, ...)
● DB21, … DBX35.7 == 1 (channel state: Reset).
Axes and spindles

All active measuring systems of the machine axes involved in the retraction in the tool direction
must be in the "referenced" or "restored" state when the control is switched on again (Power
On).
A detailed description of the automatic restoration of actual positions after the next start of the
control (Power On) can be found in:
References:
Basic Functions Function Manual, Section "R1 Referencing" > "Automatic restoration of the
machine reference"
Axis interchange
If all the axes and spindles involved in the retraction are not assigned to the channel at the
time of selection, an implicit axis interchange is performed for the missing axes.
Coordinate system
With the selection of JOG retract, the workpiece coordinate system (WCS) is set for the
traversing of the channel axes. Axes involved in the retraction can only be traversed in the
WCS. All axes that are not involved in the retraction can also be traversed in the machine
coordinate system (MCS).
Selection options
The selection of JOG retract can be supported through automatic selection of the JOG mode
after Power On. The actual selection of JOG retract is performed through manual selection via
the user interface or via the PLC user program.
Automatic selection of JOG mode

If the automatic selection of JOG-Retract is parameterized (see chapter: "Automatic selection
of JOG retract after Power On (Page 209)") and there is retraction data for a channel after
control run up (Power On), JOG mode is selected for the BAG.
Selection via the user interface

The selection of JOG retract is performed on the user interface via:
Extended Functions
"Machine operating area" > "ETC key (">")" > "Retract"
Note
The softkey "Retract" is only displayed if there is retraction data and an active tool.
Selection by PLC user program

The following actions must be performed to select JOG retract by the PLC user program:
● Channel-specific query whether retraction data is available
DB21, … DBX377.5 == 1 (retraction data available)
● Mode group-specific selection of JOG mode:
DB11, ... DBX(n*20+6).2 == 1 (active mode: JOG, with n=0, 1 ,2 ... for mode group 1, 2, ...)
● Channel-specific selection of JOG retract via the PI service "RETRAC".
A detailed description of the activation of the PI service "RETRAC" via the function block
FB 4 can be found in:
References:
Basic functions Function Manual, Section "P3: Basic PLC program for SINUMERIK 840D
sl" > "Component descriptions" > "PI services" > "PI service: RETRAC"
● After confirmation of the selection of JOG retract (see below), select the workpiece
coordinate system:
– DB19.DBX0.7 (Current coordinates system: 1 ⇒ WCS, 0 ⇒ MCS)
– DB19.DBX20.7 (Requirement: Switch over Machine/Work)
Selection confirmation
After selecting JOG retract, the NC/PLC interface signal is set:
DB21, ... DBX377.4 = 1 (JOG retract active)
Thread cutting (G33 or G331/G332)

If the program execution was aborted during a thread cutting operation (G33 or G331/G332),
the axis grouping of tool axis and spindle is restored when JOG retract is selected. The
controller parameters and parameter sets for the axes involved are also set in accordance with
a programmed thread cutting in the part program.
4.12.4 Tool retraction
General retraction behavior

The tool is retracted by manually traversing the retraction axis (geometry axis) specified when
selecting JOG retract in the workpiece coordinate system (WCS). The retraction movement
can be performed via the traversing keys of the machine control panel (MCP) or via the
handwheel. Retraction is possible within the traversing range limits (working area limitation,
software limit switch, etc.).
The retraction movement can be stopped and started again with NC stop / NC start.
Extended Functions
The axes and spindles not involved in the tool retraction can be manually traversed as required.
Switching the coordinates systems is possible (MCS ⇔ WCS).
Traversing direction
The retraction movement is only enabled for the positive traversing direction by default. If
traversing in the negative direction is also to be possible, this must be explicitly enabled:
MD10735 $MN_JOG_MODE_MASK, bit 8 = 1
Retraction behavior dependent on processing type and tool type

The following retraction motion is possible depending on the machining type and the active
tool type:
● Thread cutting (G33) or tapping (G331,G332):
Irrespective of the tool type, traverse movements are only possible in the retraction axis
(tool axis)
● Tool type 2xx (drilling tools): traverse movements are only possible in the retraction axis
(tool axis)
● Tool type 4xx (grinding tools): No retraction motion possible
● Tool type 5xx (turning tools): No retraction motion possible
Retraction movement for thread processing

For thread cutting (G33) or tapping (G331,G332) the retraction movement is performed if either
the retraction axis or the spindle is moved.
Retraction using the handwheel

If one of the axes involved in the retraction movement is traversed by means of traversing key,
the handwheel pulses for other axes involved in the retraction movement are ignored.
If handwheels have been selected for several axes and these are moved, the handwheel
pulses are evaluated in the following order:
1. Retraction axis
2. Spindle
3. Axes/spindles not involved in the retraction movement
The pulses of the other handwheels are ignored and only evaluated at standstill of the
preceding handwheels.
Locked functions
During JOG retract, the following functions are blocked or are not performed:
● Spindle start via DB31, ... DBX30
● Traversing of a spindle or axis involved in the retraction via function block FC18
● Switchover of a spindle or an axis involved in the retraction to the PLC-controlled axis
Extended Functions
● Changing a spindle or axis involved in the retraction to another channel

● Using a spindle or axis involved in the retraction as main run axis (command axis, oscillating
axis, FC18 / concurrent axis)
4.12.5 Deselection
JOG retract is deselected channel-specifically via:
● Channel reset: DB21, … DBX7.7 = 1 (reset)
● User interface: "Back" ("<<") softkey
The following basic settings are active:
● MD20110 $MC_RESET_MODE_MASK[<channel>]
● MD20150 $MC_GCODE_RESET_VALUES[<channel>]
● MD20151 $MC_GCODE_RESET_MODE[<channel>]
After the deselection, the channel is in the JOG mode, channel state "Reset".
All channel axes can be moved manually again. The retraction data is retained. It is therefore
possible to select JOG retract again.
NC/PLC interface signal

With the deselection of JOG retract, the NC/PLC interface signal is reset:
DB21, ... DBX377.4 = 0 (JOG retract active)
4.12.6 Repeated selection

As long as there is retraction data, JOG retract can always be reselected:
DB21, ... DBX377.5 == 1 (retraction data available)
If selected again, the original retraction data is restored.
Changed axis positions

The channel axes can be traversed in JOG mode while JOG retract is deselected. If JOG
retract is selected again, the retraction movement is executed on the basis of the new axis
positions.
Extended Functions
4.12.7 Continuing machining
AUTOMATIC mode
Before the aborted part program is continued with NC start in AUTOMATIC mode, all machine
axes with active measuring systems in the state "restored" or "not referenced" must be
referenced.
NOTICE
Possible axis position displacement
After the control runs up after a power failure, the axis positions for incremental measuring
systems are synchronized or restored corresponding to the setting in machine data. Once
the tool has been retracted in JOG retract machine function, axes whose positions have been
restored are referenced.
MDI mode and overstore

In the MDI mode and for the overstore function, machining can also be performed, without
referencing the axes, with restored positions. To do this, NC start with restored positions must
be enabled explicitly for a specific channel:
MD20700 $MC_REFP_NC_START_LOCK = 2
Block search at interruption point

The processing of the part program can be continued from the interruption point via a block
search at the interruption point. The last block of the main program level before the interruption
is available as interruption point.
A detailed description of the function and for the operation of the block search can be found
in:
References
Basic Functions Function Manual; Section "K1: Mode group, channel, program operation, reset
response" > "Block search" or "Block search type 5 SERUPRO"
Turning or Milling Operating Manual; Section "Workpiece machining" > "Starting machining at
a specific point"
Continue with NC start

With NC start in the AUTOMATIC or MDI mode, the processing of the part program is continued
from the selected position. The following actions are performed with regard to JOG retract:
● The retraction data is deleted.
● The NC/PLC interface signal is reset:
DB21, … DBX377.5 = 0 (retraction data available)
● The current data environment is saved.
Extended Functions
4.12.8 State diagram
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Figure 4-8 State diagram: JOG retract
4.12.9 System data

The following system data is available for JOG retract:
Meaning System variable $VA_ NC/PLC interface OPI variable

Retraction data available - DB21, ... DBX377.5 retractState, bit 0
JOG retract active - DB21, ... DBX377.4 retractState, bit 1
Retraction axis - - retractState, bits 2 - 3
Position restored, 1st measuring system $AA_POSRES DB31, ... DBX71.4 aaPosRes
Position restored, 2nd measuring system $AA_POSRES DB31, ... DBX71.5 aaPosRes
References
OPI and system variable

Lists Book 2 List Manual, Section "Variables".
Extended Functions

Incremental measuring systems
The user must ensure that machine axes with incremental measuring systems are clamped
with sufficient speed in the event of a power failure to prevent a change to the last position,
known and saved by the control. Otherwise the assumed position when the control is restarted
differs greatly to the actual position of the machine axis. Drive-autonomous retraction must
also not be activated for these axes.
A detailed description of the automatic restoration of actual positions after the next start of the
control (Power On) can be found in:
References:
Basic Functions Function Manual, Section "R1 Referencing" > "Automatic restoration of the
machine reference"
Drive-autonomous retraction
The "Drive-autonomous retraction" function must not be activated for machine axes involved
in the retraction movement.
Axis couplings
Axis couplings are not restored with the selection of JOG retract.
Tapping using G63

JOG retract is not possible for tapping with compensating chuck and speed-controlled spindle
without encoder (G63).
Transformations
If a transformation is selected through JOG retract, the active measuring systems of all
machine axes involved in the transformation must be in the "referenced" or "restored" state.
OEM transformations such as parallel kinematics for hexapods, can only be traversed with
referenced measuring systems. Traversing with restored axis positions is not possible.
Tool orientation via directly programmed orientation axes

JOG retract cannot generate a retraction movement in the tool direction if the tool orientation
is not performed via NC functions, but through direct programming of the orientation axes.
NCU link
JOG retract is also possible in conjunction with NCU-wide traversing of axes (see Section
"NCU link (Page 83)"). The state of axis containers is not changed through JOG retract. Any
adjustments required for a retraction in the tool direction must be made by the user, e.g. in
mode MDA, before the JOG retract movement.
Extended Functions
4.13 Use of handwheels in automatic mode
4.13.1 Handwheel override in automatic mode
4.13.1.1 General functionality
Function
With this function it is possible to traverse axes or to change their velocities directly with the
handwheel in automatic mode (Automatic, MDA).
The handwheel override is activated in the NC part program using the NC language elements
FD (for path axes) and FDA (for positioning axes) and is non-modal.
With positioning axes, it is possible to activate the handwheel override modally using traverse
command POSA. When the programmed target position is reached, the handwheel override
becomes inactive again.
Additional axes can be traversed simultaneously or using interpolation in the same NC block.
The concurrent-positioning-axes function can also be activated by the PLC user program.
Distinction
Depending on the programmed feedrate, a distinction is made between the following for
handwheel override:
● Path definition
Axis feedrate = 0 (FDA = 0)
● Velocity override
Axis feedrate > 0 (FD or FDA > 0)
The table below shows which axis types can be influenced by the "handwheel override in
automatic mode" function.
Axes that can be influenced by the "handwheel override in automatic mode" function
Axis type Velocity override Path definition
Positioning axis FDA[AXi] > 0 ; FDA[AXi] = 0
acts axially
Concurrent posi‐ Parameter "Handwheel override active" = 1 and Parameter "Handwheel over‐
tioning axis axis feedrate > 0 from FC18 ride active" = 1 and axis fee‐
drate = 0 from FC18
Path axis FD > 0 ; Not possible
acts on path velocity
Extended Functions
Path definition
With axis feedrate = 0 (e.g. FDA[AXi] = 0), the traversing movement of the positioning axis
towards the programmed target position is controlled entirely by the user rotating the assigned
handwheel.
The direction in which the handwheel is turned determines the traversing direction of the axis.
The programmed target position cannot be exceeded during handwheel override. The axis
can also be moved toward the programmed target position from the opposite direction,
whereby the movement is only restricted by the axial position limitations.
A block change occurs when:
● The axis has reached the programmed target position
or
● The distance-to-go is deleted by axial interface signal
DB31, ... DBX2.2 (delete distance-to-go).
From this moment on, the path default is deactivated and any further handwheel pulses have
no effect.
After this, incrementally programmed positions refer to the point of interruption and not to the
last programmed position.
Velocity override
With regard to the velocity override, a distinction is made between axis feedrate and path
feedrate.
● Axis-velocity override (FDA[AXi] > 0):
The positioning axis is moved to the target position at the programmed axial feedrate. Using
the assigned handwheel, it is possible to increase the axis velocity or to reduce it to a
minimum of zero depending on the direction of rotation. The resulting axis feedrate is limited
by the maximum velocity. However, the axis cannot be traversed in the opposite direction
to that programmed.
The block change is performed as soon as the axis reaches the programmed target position.
This causes the velocity override to be deactivated automatically and any further handwheel
pulses have no effect.
Similarly, this also applies to concurrent positioning axes, where the target position and the
velocity are defined by the PLC.
● Path-velocity override (FD > 0):
The path axes programmed in the NC block traverse to the target position at the
programmed feedrate. If the velocity override is active, the programmed path velocity is
overridden by the velocity generated with the handwheel of the 1st geometry axis. The
block change is performed as soon as the programmed target position is reached.
The path velocity is increased or reduced to a minimum of zero depending on the direction
of rotation of the handwheel. However, it is not possible to reverse the direction of
movement with handwheel override.
Extended Functions
Application example
The "Handwheel override in automatic mode" function is frequently used on grinding machines.
For example, the user can position the reciprocating grinding wheel on the workpiece using
the handwheel (path default). After scratching, the traversing movement is terminated and the
block change is initiated (by activating DB31, ... DBX2.2 (delete distance-to-go)).
Preconditions
In order to activate "Handwheel override in automatic mode", the following requirements must
have been met:
● A handwheel must be assigned to the axis in question.
● Pulse weighting exists for the assigned handwheel.
Handwheel assignment
The assignment of the connected handwheels to the axes is analogous to the "Handwheel
travel (Page 165)" via the user interface or via the PLC user interface with one of the following
interface signals:
● Machine axes:
– DB31, ... DBX4.0-2 (activate handwheel (1, 2, 3))
● Geometry axes:
– DB21, ... DBX12.0-2 (geometry axis 1: Activate handwheel (1, 2, 3))
– DB21, … DBX16.0-2 (geometry axis 2: Activate handwheel (1, 2, 3))
– DB21, … DBX20.0-2 (geometry axis 3: Activate handwheel (1, 2, 3))
If handwheel override is programmed for an axis to which no handwheel is assigned, a
distinction is made between the following cases:
● For velocity override:
The axes traverse at the programmed velocity.
A self-acknowledging alarm is output (without response).
● For path definition:
No traversing movement is performed because the velocity is zero.
A self-acknowledging alarm is output (without response).
Note
When the velocity override is applied to path axes, only the handwheel of the 1st geometry
axis acts on the path velocity.
Extended Functions
Handwheel weighting
The traverse path of the axis that is generated by rotating the handwheel by one detent position
is dependent on several factors (see Section "Handwheel travel (Page 165)"):
● Selected increment size:
MD11330 $MN_JOG_INCR_SIZE_TAB[5] (increment size for INC/handwheel)
or
SD41010 $SN_JOG_VAR_INCR_SIZE (size of the variable increment for JOG)
● Weighting of an increment:
MD31090 $MA_JOG_INCR_WEIGHT
● Number of handwheel pulses per detent position:
MD11320 $MN_HANDWH_IMP_PER_LATCH
For example, the axis traverses by 0.001 mm per handwheel detent position if machine function
INC1 and the default setting of the above machine data are selected.
In the case of velocity override, the velocity results from the traverse path covered using the
handwheel within a certain period of time.
Example
Assumptions:
The operator turns the handwheel with 100 pulses/second.
The selected machine function is INC100.
The default setting is made for the above machine data for handwheel weighting.
⇒ Handwheel traverse path per second: 10 mm

⇒ Velocity override: 0.6 m/min
PLC interface signals

As soon as the handwheel override takes effect, the following interface signals to the PLC are
set to signal 1:
● For positioning axes / concurrent positioning axes / command axes / reciprocating axes:
DB31, ... DBX62.1 (handwheel override active)
● For path axes:
For the path input, depending on the traversing direction, the appropriate interface signals are
output to the PLC:
● Machine axes:
– DB31, ... DBX64.6/7 (traversing command minus/plus)
● Geometry axes:
– DB21, … DBX40.6/7 (geometry axis 1: traversing command minus/plus)
Extended Functions
Limitations
The axial limitations (software limit switch, hardware limit switch, working-area limitation) are
effective in conjunction with handwheel override. With path default, the axis can be traversed
with the handwheel in the programmed traversing direction only as far as the programmed
target position.
The resulting velocity is limited by the axial machine data:
MD32000 $MA_MAX_AX_VELO(maximum axis velocity)
NC Stop/override = 0
If the feedrate override is set to 0% or an NC Stop is initiated while the handwheel override is
active, the following applies:
● For path definition:
The handwheel pulses arriving in the meantime are summated and stored. If NC Start or
the feedrate override > 0%, the saved handwheel pulses become effective (i.e. are
traversed).
However, if the handwheel is first deactivated [via IS DB21, ... DBX12/16/20.0-2 (geometry
axes 1/2/3: Activate handwheel (1, 2, 3))] then the stored handwheel pulses are deleted.
● For velocity specification:
The handwheel pulses arriving in the meantime are not summated and are not active.
4.13.1.2 Programming and activating handwheel override
General information
When the handwheel override is programmed with NC language elements FD (for path axes)
and FDA (for positioning axes), the following points must be observed:
● FDA and FD function non-modally.
Exception for positioning axes: If traverse instruction POSA is programmed, the handwheel
override can also act modally because this positioning axis does not affect the block
transition.
● When the handwheel override is activated with FDA or FD, a target position must be
programmed in the NC block for the positioning axis or for a path axis. When the
programmed target position is reached, the handwheel override becomes inactive again.
● It is not possible to program FDA and FD or FA and F in the same NC block.
● The positioning axis must not be an indexing axis.
Positioning axis
Syntax for handwheel override: FDA[AXi] = [feedrate value]
Example 1:
Activate velocity override
Extended Functions
N10 POS[U]=10 FDA[U]=100 POSA[V]=20 FDA[V]=150 . . .
POS[U]=10 Target position of positioning axis U

FDA[U]=100 Activate velocity override for positioning axis U; axis velocity of U = 100 mm/
min
POSA[V]=20 Target position of positioning axis V (modally)
FDA[V]=150 Activate velocity override for positioning axis V; axis velocity of V = 150 mm/
min
Example 2:
Activate path default and velocity override in the same NC block
N20 POS[U]=100 FDA[U]= 0 POS[V]=200 FDA[V]=150 . . .
POS[U]=100 Target position of positioning axis U

FDA[U]= 0 Activate path default for positioning axis U;
POS [V]=200 Target position of positioning axis V
FDA[V]=150 Activate velocity override for positioning axis V; axis velocity of V =
150 mm/min
Path axis
Syntax for handwheel override: FD = [feedrate value]
In order to activate "Handwheel override in automatic mode", the following requirements must
have been met:
● Active movement commands from group 1: G01, G02, G03, CIP
● Exact stop active (G60)
● Linear feedrate in mm/min or inch/min active (G94)
These requirements are checked by the control and an alarm is output if any of them is not
met.
Example 3:
Activate velocity override
N10 G01 X10 Y100 Z200 FD=1500 . . .
X10 Y100 Z200 Target position of path axes X, Y and Z

FD=1500 Activate velocity override for path axes; path velocity = 1500 mm/
min
Concurrent positioning axis

The handwheel override for concurrent positioning axes is activated from the PLC via FC18
by setting the appropriate interface signal:
Extended Functions

If the velocity parameter (F_Value) is transferred with the value 0, then the activated handwheel
override acts as distance input, i.e. in this case, the feed is not derived from the axial machine
data (see also Chapter "P2: Positioning axes (Page 653)"):
MD32060 $MA_POS_AX_VELO (initial setting for positioning axis velocity)
References:
Function Manual, Basic Functions, Basic PLC Program (P3)
4.13.1.3 Special features of handwheel override in automatic mode
Velocity display
The velocity display for handwheel override shows the following values:
● Set velocity
= programmed velocity
● Actual velocity
= resultant velocity including handwheel override
Effect on transverse axes

If the axis is defined as a transverse axis and DIAMON is active, the handwheel pulses are
interpreted and traversed as diameter values while handwheel override is active.
Dry-run feedrate
With active dry run
DB21, ... DBX0.6 (activate dry-run feedrate) = 1,
the dry-run feedrate is always effective
SD42100 $SC_DRY_RUN_FEED.
In this way, the axis is traversed to the programmed target position at dry-run feedrate without
any influence from the handwheel despite the active handwheel override with path default
(FDA[AXi] = 0), i.e., the path default is ineffective.
DRF active
When "Handwheel override in automatic mode" is activated, it is important to check whether
the "DRF" function is active (DB21, ... DBX0.3 = 1).
If this were the case, the handwheel pulses would also cause a DRF offset of the axis. The
user must, therefore, first deactivate DRF.
Feedrate override
The feedrate override does not affect the velocity of the movements produced by the
handwheel (exception: 0%). It only affects the programmed feedrate.
Extended Functions
With path default and fast handwheel movements, the axis may not be able to follow the
handwheel rotation synchronously (especially in the case of a large handwheel-pulse
weighting), causing the axis to overtravel.
4.13.2 Contour handwheel/path input using handwheel (option)
Function
When the function is activated, the feedrate of path and synchronized axes can be controlled
via a handwheel in AUTOMATIC and MDI modes.
Availability
For the SINUMERIK 840D sl and SINUMERIK 828D systems, the "contour handwheel"
function is available as an option that is under license.
Input mode (path or velocity input)

Either the distance or the velocity can be entered via the handwheel:
● Path definition
Limiting the velocity to the maximum permissible value causes the axes to overtravel. The
path defined by the handwheel is traversed and no pulses are lost.
● Velocity specification
The handwheel only defines the traverse velocity. As soon as the handwheel stops, the
axes stop too. Motion is braked immediately if no pulses are supplied from the handwheel
in one IPO cycle, thus preventing overtravel by the axes. The handwheel pulses do not
supply a path default.
The input mode is set with machine data:
MD11346 $MN_HANDWH_TRUE_DISTANCE (handwheel path or velocity input)
Feedrate
The feedrate in mm/min is dependent on:
● The number of pulses supplied by the selected handwheel within one period
● Pulse evaluation of the handwheel via the machine data:
MD11322 $MN_CONTOURHANDWH_IMP_PER_LATCH (contour handwheel pulses per
detent position)
● The activated increment (INC1, 10, 100, etc.)
● The distance weighting of an increment of the first available geometry axis:
MD31090 $MA_JOG_INCR_WEIGHT (evaluation of an increment for INC/handwheel)
Extended Functions
The feedrate is not dependent on:

● The programmed feedrate mode (mm/min, mm/rev.)
● The programmed feedrate (resultant velocity can be higher)
● The rapid traverse velocity for G0 blocks
● The override (position 0% is effective, i.e. zero speed)
Traversing direction
The traversing direction depends on the direction of rotation:
● Clockwise
→ Results in travel in the programmed direction
If the block-change criterion (IPO end) is reached, the program advances to the next block
(response identical to G60).
● Counterclockwise
→ Results in travel opposite to the programmed direction
Here, the axes can only traverse to the appropriate block start. Pulses are not collected if
the handwheel continues to rotate.
Activation of the function

The function can be activated via interface signals or via the NC program:
● Activation via interface signal
Switching-in/switching-out is realized via the interface signal:
DB21, ... DBX30.0-2 (activate contour handwheel (1, 2, 3))
● Activation via the NC program
The contour handwheel can be activated in the NC program non-modally using FD=0, that
is, velocity F... from the block before the contour handwheel applies in the following block
without the need for additional programming.
Note
If no feedrate was programmed in the previous blocks, a corresponding alarm is output.
FD and F cannot appear in the same NC block (triggers an alarm).
Contour-handwheel simulation
When the contour handwheel is activated, it can also be simulated.
After activation via interface signal
DB21, ... DBX30.3 (contour-handwheel simulation),
the feedrate is no longer defined by the contour handwheel; the programmed feedrate is used
instead.
The direction is also defined via an interface signal:
DB21, ... DBX30.4 (negative direction simulation contour handwheel)
Extended Functions
When the simulation is deselected or the direction is changed, the current movement is
decelerated using a braking ramp.
Note
The override is effective as for NC-program execution.
● Requirements
Fixed feedrate, dry-run feedrate, thread cutting, or tapping must not be selected.
● Limit values
The acceleration and velocity of the axes are limited to the values defined in the machine
data.
● Interruption of traversing movement
On NC Stop, the function remains selected but the handwheel pulses are not summated
and are ineffective.
Requirement: MD32084 $MA_HANDWH_CHAN_STOP_COND bit 2 = 1
DRF
A selected DRF function also has a path-override action.
● Channel-specific deletion distance-to-go
This causes the movement triggered by the contour handwheel to be aborted; the axes are
decelerated and the program is restarted with the next NC block. The contour handwheel
then becomes effective again.
4.13.3 DRF offset
Function
The "DRF offset" function (differential resolver function) can be used to set an additive
incremental zero offset in respect of geometry and auxiliary axes in the basic coordinate system
in AUTOMATIC mode via an electronic handwheel.
The handwheel assignment, i.e. the assignment of the handwheel from which the increments
for the DRF offset are to be derived, to the geometry or auxiliary axes that are to be moved by
this, must be performed via the appropriate machine axes. The appropriate machine axes are
those to which the geometry or auxiliary axis is mapped.
The DRF offset is not displayed in the axis actual-value display.
Extended Functions
Applications
The DRF offset can be used, for example, in the following application cases:
● Offsetting tool wear within an NC block
Where NC blocks have very long processing times, it becomes necessary to offset tool
wear manually within the NC block (e.g. large surface-milling machines).
● Highly precise offset during grinding
● Simple temperature compensation
Note
The zero offset introduced via the DRF offset is always effective in all modes and after a
RESET. It can, however, be suppressed non-modally in the part program.
Velocity reduction
The velocity generated using the handwheel for DRF can be reduced with respect to the JOG
velocity:
MD32090 $MA_HANDWH_VELO_OVERLAY_FACTOR (ratio of JOG velocity to handwheel
velocity (DRF))
DRF active
DRF must be active to allow the DRF offset to be modified by means of traversal with the
handwheel. The following requirements must be fulfilled:
● AUTOMATIC mode
● DB21, ... DBX0.3 (activate DRF) = 1
The DRF offset can be activated/deactivated for specific channels using the "program control"
function on the HMI user interface.
The HMI software then sets interface signal:
DB21, ... DBX24.3 (DRF selected) =1.
The PLC program (basic PLC program or user program) transfers this interface signal to
interface signal
DB21, ... DBX0.3 (activate DRF) once the corresponding logic operation has been performed.
Control of DRF offset

The DRF offset can be modified, deleted or read:
User: ● Traversing with the handwheel

Part program: ● Reading via axis-specific system variable $AC_DRF[<axis>]
● Deleting via parts-program command (DRFOF) for all axes in a
channel
● Non-modal suppression via parts-program command (SUPA)
References:
Programming Manual, Fundamentals
Extended Functions
PLC user program: ● Reading the DRF offset (axis-specific)

References:
Function Manual, Basic Machine; PLC Basic Program (P3)
HMI user interface: ● Display of the DRF offset (axis-specific)
Note
If DRF offset is deleted, the axis is not traversed!
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Display
The axis actual-position display (ACTUAL POSITION) does not change while an axis is being
traversed with the handwheel via DRF. The current axis DRF offset can be displayed in the
DRF window.
Extended Functions
Reference point approach

In phase 1 of the machine-axis reference point approach, the DRF offset for the corresponding
geometry or auxiliary axis is deleted.
During the machine-axis reference point approach, a DRF offset for the corresponding
geometry or auxiliary axis cannot be performed simultaneously.
Reset response
PowerOn-Reset: The DRF offset is deleted.
4.13.4 Double use of the handwheel
Alarm 14320
The double use of a handwheel for DRF and velocity or distance overlay, including contour
handwheel, is suppressed and is displayed using the self-clearing alarm 14320 (Handwheel
%1 used twice (%2) in channel %3 axis %4), if, different influences can act on an axis as a
result of the handwheel.
This means that an overlaid movement can only be executed when no DRF offset (triggered
by the same handwheel) is active for the axes in the basic coordinate system that are involved
in the movement, i.e., the DRF movement must have been terminated.
If an overlaid movement has been started, no DRF offset can be started for any of the axes
involved that are supplied by the same handwheel. Such a DRF movement is only possible
when the movement with overlay has reached its end point or has been aborted by delete
distance-to-go or RESET.
If the handwheel override and DRF offset are to be active simultaneously, this is possible with
activation of two separate handwheels.
Example: Path override

Assumption:
Channel 1 and geometry axis X correspond to machine axis 3 and geometry axis Y
corresponds to machine axis 5 and handwheel 2 is selected for the first geometry axis.
If block X10 Y10 FD=0 is processed in the main run, neither machine axis 3 nor machine
axis 5 can be traversed with DRF via handwheel 2. If handwheel 2 is assigned to machine
axis 3 while the channel-specific DRF signal is active, then alarm 14320 (Handwheel 2 used
twice (8) in channel 1 axis X) is signaled.
If machine axis 3 or machine axis 5 is traversed with DRF using the 2nd handwheel, then
motion X10 Y10 FD=0 cannot be executed and alarm 14320 (handwheel 2 used twice (3) in
channel 1 axis X) or alarm 14320 (handwheel 2 used twice (3) in channel 1 axis Y) is signaled.
Extended Functions
4.14 Monitoring functions
Example: Velocity override of positioning axis

Assumption:
Channel 1: Channel axis A corresponds to machine axis 4 and handwheel 1 is assigned to
this axis.
If block POS[A]=100 FDA[A]=0 is processed in the main run, machine axis 4 cannot be
traversed with DRF. This means that if the channel-specific DRF signal is active, alarm 14320
(Handwheel 1 used twice (6) in channel 1 axis A) is signaled.
If machine axis 4 is traversed with DRF, then no POS[A]=100 FDA[A]=0 movement can be
executed while a DRF movement is being performed. Alarm 14320 (Handwheel 1 used twice
(1) in channel 1 axis A) is signaled.
Example: Distance overlay PLC axis (840D sl)

Assumption:
Channel 1: Handwheel 2 is assigned to machine axis 4.
If an axis movement with path override of the 4th machine axis triggered by FC18 is processed
in the main run, machine axis 4 cannot be traversed with DRF. This means that if the channel-
specific DRF signal is active, alarm 14320 (Handwheel 2 used twice (9) in channel 1 axis A)
is signaled.
If machine axis 4 is traversed with DRF, then no axis movement with path override triggered
by FC18 can be executed while a DRF movement is being performed. Alarm 14320
(Handwheel 2 used twice (4) in channel 1 axis A) is signaled.
4.14 Monitoring functions
Limitations
The following limitations are active for manual and handwheel travel:
● Working-area limitation (axis must be referenced)
● Software limit switches 1 and 2 (axis must be referenced)
● Hardware limit switches
The control ensures that the traversing movement is aborted as soon as the first valid limitation
has been reached. Velocity control ensures that deceleration is initiated early enough for the
axis to stop exactly at the limit position (e.g. software limit switch). Only when the hardware
limit switch is triggered does the axis stop abruptly with "rapid stop".
Extended Functions
4.15 Start-up: Handwheels
Alarms are triggered when the various limitations are reached (alarms 16016, 16017, 16020,
16021). The control automatically prevents further movement in this direction. The traversing
keys and the handwheel have no effect in this direction.
Note
The software limit switches and working-area limitations are only active if the axis has first
been referenced.
If a work offset (DRF offset) via handwheel is active for axes, the software limit switches for
these axes are monitored during the main run in JOG mode. This means that the jerk limitation
has no effect when the software limit switches are approached. After acceleration in
accordance with MD32300 $MA_MAX_AX_ACCEL (maximum axis acceleration) the velocity
is reduced at the software limit switch.
For further information on working area limitations and hardware and software limit switches,
see:
References:
Function Manual, Axis Monitoring, Protection Zones (A3)
Retract axis
The axis can be retracted from a limit position by moving it in the opposite direction.
Note
Machine manufacturer
The function for retracting an axis that has approached the limit position depends on the
machine manufacturer. Please refer to the machine manufacturer's documentation!
Maximum velocity and acceleration

The velocity and acceleration used during manual travel are defined by the startup engineer
for specific axes using machine data. The control limits the values acting on the axes to the
maximum velocity and acceleration specifications.
References:
Function Manual Basic Functions; Velocities, Setpoint/Actual Value Systems, Closed-Loop
Controls (G2)
Function Manual Basic Functions; Acceleration (B2)
4.15.1 General information

In order to operate handwheels of a SINUMERIK control system, they have to be
parameterized via NCK machine data.
Extended Functions
If the handwheels are not directly connected to the control, additional measures are required,
e.g. connection via PROFIBUS- or Ethernet-MCP or handwheel module, inserting and
configuring the module with SIMATIC STEP 7, HW-Config.
Note
Currently only six handwheels can be parameterized in a SINUMERIK control system.
Connection options
SINUMERIK 840D sl
For SINUMERIK 840D sl, handwheels can be connected via the following components:
● PROFIBUS (Page 235) module
● Ethernet (Page 237) module
Note
Several handwheels, which are connected via different components, can be connected to one
SINUMERIK 840D sl at the same time.
SINUMERIK 828D
For SINUMERIK 828D, handwheels can be connected via the following components:
● PPU (Page 233)
● Machine control panel (MCP) via PROFIBUS (Page 233)
Note
Several handwheels, which are connected via different components, can be connected to one
SINUMERIK 828D at the same time.
Extended Functions
4.15.2 Connection via PPU (only 828D)
Handwheels directly connected to terminal X143 of the PPU are parameterized using the
following NCK machine data:
● MD11350 $MN_HANDWHEEL_SEGMENT[<Handwheel_No._in_NCK - 1>] = 2
When directly connected to the PPU, a 2 (8xxD_HW) must always be entered as handwheel
segment.
● MD11351 $MN_HANDWHEEL_MODULE[< Handwheel_No._in_NCK - 1 >] = 1
When directly connected to the PPU, a 1 must always be entered.
● MD11352 $MN_HANDWHEEL_INPUT[< Handwheel_No_in_NCK - 1 >] = <Handwheel
connection >
The number of the handwheel has to be entered: 1 or 2
Note
Two handwheels can be connected to a PPU (terminal X143).
Example
Parameter assignment of two handwheels connected via terminal X143 of the PPU.
Machine data Value Meaning
1st handwheel:
MD11350 $MN_HANDWHEEL_SEGMENT[0] 2 Hardware segment: 8xxD_HW
MD11351 $MN_HANDWHEEL_MODULE[0] 1 ---
MD11352 $MN_HANDWHEEL_INPUT[0] 1 1st handwheel connection of X143
2nd handwheel:
MD11352 $MN_HANDWHEEL_INPUT[1] 2 2nd handwheel connection of X143
4.15.3 Connection via PROFIBUS (828D)
For the SINUMERIK 828D, in addition to the connection of two handwheels to the PPU
interface, terminal X143, a third handwheel can also be connected via a machine control panel,
e.g. MCP 483C PN, interface X60.
Extended Functions
The parameter assignment of the third handwheel is performed in the following NCK machine
data:
● MD11350 $MN_HANDWHEEL_SEGMENT[ 2 ] = 5
● MD11351 $MN_HANDWHEEL_MODULE[ 2 ] = 1
● MD11352 $MN_HANDWHEEL_INPUT[ 2 ] = 1
Requirement
Operation of the control with default data (machine data, STEP 7 configuration).
Example
Parameterization of three handwheels, connected via PPU and an "MCP 483C PN" machine
control panel.
Handwheel number Machine data set Connection

in NCK (Index)
1 0 PPU, 1st handwheel in the handwheel slot
2 1 PPU, 2nd handwheel in the handwheel slot
3 2 MCP, 1st handwheel in the handwheel slot
Parameterizing in the NCK machine data:
Machine data Val‐ Meaning

ue
1st handwheel in the NCK

MD11352 $MN_HANDWHEEL_INPUT[0] 1 1st handwheel in the handwheel slot
2nd handwheel in the NCK

MD11352 $MN_HANDWHEEL_INPUT[1] 2 2nd handwheel in the handwheel slot
3rd handwheel in the NCK

MD11350 $MN_HANDWHEEL_SEGMENT[2] 5 Hardware segment: PROFIBUS
MD11351 $MN_HANDWHEEL_MODULE[2] 1 Reference to logical base address of the handwheel slot of the
MCP
Extended Functions
4.15.4 Connection via PROFIBUS (840D sl)
Parameterization
The parameter assignment of handwheels connected via PROFIBUSmodules (e.g. "MCP 483"
machine control table) is performed with the following NCK machine data:
● MD11350 $MN_HANDWHEEL_SEGMENT[<Handwheel_No._in_NCK - 1>] = 5
When connected via PROFIBUSmodule, the hardware segment has always to be entered
as 5 (PROFIBUS).
● MD11351 $MN_HANDWHEEL_MODULE[<Handwheel_No._in_NCK - 1>] = <Index + 1>
The reference to the MD11353 $MN_HANDWHEEL_LOGIC_ADDRESS[<Index>]
has to be entered, which contains the logical base address of the handwheel.
● MD11352 $MN_HANDWHEEL_INPUT[<Handwheel_No._in_NCK - 1>] =
<Number_in_handwheel_slot>
A handwheel slot can contain several handwheels. The number of the handwheel within
the handwheel slot has to entered: 1, 2, ...
● MD11353 $MN_HANDWHEEL_LOGIC_ADDRESS[<Index>] = <logical base address>
The logical base address of the handwheel slot, specified in SIMATIC STEP 7, HW Config,
has to be entered.
Handwheel slot
The PROFIBUSmodule must be configured besides the parameterization of handwheels in
the NCK machine data in STEP 7. Among others the logical address of the handwheel slot is
specified.
The handwheel slot is situated at the following slot of the PROFIBUSmodule:
PROFIBUS module Slot

Machine control panel MCP 483 2
Machine control panel MCP 310 2
Handwheel connection module 1
Example
Parameterization of five handwheels, connected via four machine control tables "MCP 483".
Two handwheels can be connected to a machine control table "MCP 483".
Handwheel number Machine data set Connection

in NCK (Index)
1 0 1st MCP, 1st handwheel in handwheel slot
2 1 1st MCP, 2nd handwheel in the handwheel slot
3 2 2nd MCP, 1st handwheel in the handwheel slot
5 4 3rd MCP, 1st handwheel in the handwheel slot
6 5 4th MCP, 2nd handwheel in the handwheel slot
Extended Functions
The 4th handwheel in the NCK is not used (gap in machine data).
Note
Machine data gaps are allowed when parameterizing handwheels in NCK machine data.
Machine control tables have been configured in SIMATIC STEP 7, HW Config as follows:
Slot DP ID Article No./designation I address O address

1st MCP 1 55 Standard+Handwheel 0 ... 7 0 ... 7
2 2AE → standard+handwheel 288 ... 291
3 1 → standard+handwheel
2nd MCP 1 55 Standard+Handwheel 8 ... 15 8 ... 15
3rd MCP 1 55 Standard+Handwheel 16 ... 23 16 ... 23
4th MCP 1 55 Standard+Handwheel 24 ... 29 24 ... 29
Parameterizing in the NCK machine data:

ue
1st handwheel in the NCK

1st MCP
2nd handwheel in the NCK

1st MCP
3rd handwheel in the NCK

2nd MCP
4th handwheel in the NCK
Extended Functions

ue
MD11350 $MN_HANDWHEEL_SEGMENT[3] 0 No handwheel parameterized
MD11351 $MN_HANDWHEEL_MODULE[3] 0 No handwheel parameterized
MD11352 $MN_HANDWHEEL_INPUT[3] 0 No handwheel parameterized

3rd MCP

4th MCP
Logical base addresses:
Machine data Value Meaning

MD11353 $MN_HANDWHEEL_LOGIC_ADDRESS [0] 288 Logical base address handwheel slot 1st MCP
MD11353 $MN_HANDWHEEL_LOGIC_ADDRESS [1] 304 Logical base address handwheel slot 2nd MCP
MD11353 $MN_HANDWHEEL_LOGIC_ADDRESS [4] 330 Logical base address handwheel slot 4th MCP
MD11353 $MN_HANDWHEEL_LOGIC_ADDRESS [5] 320 Logical base address handwheel slot 3rd MCP
4.15.5 Connected via Ethernet (only 840D sl)
Parameter setting
The parameters for handwheels connected via Ethernet modules, e.g. machine control panel
"MCP 483C IE", "HT 8", or "HT 2", are assigned in the following NC machine data:
● MD11350 $MN_HANDWHEEL_SEGMENT[< x - 1 >] = 7
When connected via Ethernet modules, the segment always has to be entered as 7
(Ethernet).
● MD11351 $MN_HANDWHEEL_MODULE[< x - 1 >] = 1
When connected via Ethernet modules, the module always has to be entered as 1.
● MD11352 $MN_HANDWHEEL_INPUT[< x - 1 >] = y
where y = 1, 2, 3, etc. (handwheel interface at the Ethernet bus)
where x = 1, 2, 3, etc. (handwheel number in the NC)
Extended Functions
Handwheel interfaces at the Ethernet Bus

The handwheel interfaces at the Ethernet bus are numbered on the basis of the following
considerations:
● The sequence of the operator component interfaces is: MCP1, MCP2, BHG
● Each operator component interface has two handwheel interfaces
● Operator components: MCP 483C IE
A maximum of two handwheels can be connected to an MCP 483C IE via connections
X60 and X61 . The assignment of the connections in the operator component interface is:
– Connection X60: 1st handwheel in operator component interface MCP1 /MCP2
– Connection X61: 2nd handwheel in operator component interface MCP1 /MCP2
● Operator components: HT 8
The handwheel of the HT 8 is always assigned to the 1st handwheel of operator component
interface MCP1 /MCP2 .
● Operator components: HT 2
The handwheel of the HT 2 is always assigned to the 1st handwheel of operator component
interface BHG .
Operator component interface -> MCP1 MCP2 BHG

Handwheel interface 1)
1 2 1 2 1 2
FB1 parameters 2) MCP1BusAdr MCP2BusAdr BHGRecGDNo
Assignment of the handwheels 3)
MCP 483C IE X60 X61 X60 X61 - -
HT 8 x - x - - -
HT 2 - - - - x -
Handwheel interface at the Ethernet bus (y) 4) -> 1 2 3 4 5 6
1) Numbering of the handwheel interfaces within an operator component interface
2) Assignment of the operator component to the interface via the corresponding FB1 parameter
3) Assignment of the handwheels of the respective operator components to the handwheel interfaces
4) Numbering of the handwheel interfaces at the Ethernet bus -> MD11352 $MN_HANDWHEEL_INPUT[< x - 1 >] = y
Example
Parameterization of 3 handwheels, connected via the following operator components:
Operator component interface -> MCP1 MCP2 BHG

Operator component HT 8 MCP 483C HT 2
FB1 parameters MCP1BusAdr := 39 MCP2BusAdr := 192 BHGRecGDNo := 40
Handwheel interface x - - X61 x -
Handwheel interface at Ethernet Bus -> 1 2 3 4 5 6
Extended Functions
Table 4-1 NCK machine data for the handwheel assignment
Machine data Value Description

HT 8: Handwheel number in the NC = 1
MD11350 $MN_HANDWHEEL_SEGMENT[ 0 ] 7 Segment: Ethernet
MD11350 $MN_HANDWHEEL_MODULE[ 0 ] 1 Module: Ethernet
MD11350 $MN_HANDWHEEL_INPUT[ 0 ] 1 Handwheel interface at Ethernet bus
MCP 483C IE: Handwheel number in the NC = 2
MD11350 $MN_HANDWHEEL_ MODULE [ 1 ] 1 Module: Ethernet
MD11350 $MN_HANDWHEEL_ INPUT [ 1 ] 4 Handwheel interface at Ethernet bus
HT 2: Handwheel number in the NC = 3
MD11350 $MN_HANDWHEEL_ MODULE [ 2 ] 1 Module: Ethernet
MD11350 $MN_HANDWHEEL_ INPUT [ 2 ] 5 Handwheel interface at Ethernet bus
Table 4-2 FB1 parameters (excerpt)

Parameter Value Remark
MCPNum := 2 // Number of connected MCP
// MCP1 = HT 8
MCP1In ... // MCP1-Parameter ...
... ...
MCP1BusAdr := 39 // Via switches S1 and S2 on the connecting device
// set "IP address"
// MCP2 = MCP 483C IE
MCP2In ... // MCP2-Parameter ...
... ...
MCP2BusAdr := 192 // Via switch S2 on the MCP 483C
// set "IP address"
MCPBusType := b#16#55 // Bus type: Ethernet
// HHU = HT 2
HHU := 5 // Bus type: Ethernet
HHUIn ... // HHU Parameter ...
... ...
HHURecGDNo := 40 // Via switches S1 and S2 on the connecting device
// set "IP address"
Extended Functions
Filter time
Since the handwheel pulses on the Ethernet bus are not transferred deterministically, filtering
(smoothing) of the handwheel pulse transfer process may be necessary for highly dynamic
drives. The parameter for the filter time is assigned using the following machine data:
● MD11354 $MN_HANDWHEEL_FILTER_TIME[< x - 1 >] = <filter time>
where x = 1, 2, 3, etc. (handwheel number in the NC) and filter time = 0.0 to 2.0 s
The filter time specifies the time it takes for the handwheel pulses transferred to the control to
be sent on to the interpolator for traversing purposes. With a filter time of 0.0 s, the handwheel
pulses are sent on to the interpolator within a single interpolation cycle. This can result in the
relevant axis being traversed jerkily.
The recommended filter time is 0.2 to 0.5 s.
Stationary state detection

A stationary state is detected by the Ethernet modules to which the handwheel is connected.
If a handwheel does not transfer any handwheel pulses for a defined period of time, the module
detects this to be a stationary state and transfers it to the NC/PLC interface:
NC/PLC interface signal Value Description

DB10, DBX245.0 0 Handwheel 1 is operated
1 Handwheel 1 is stationary
By evaluating the signal, it is possible to reduce the overtravel of an axis traversed via the
handwheel, due to the handwheel pulses that have been collected in the control but not yet
transferred to the interpolator for traversing purposes. To do this, deletion of the distance-to-
go must be triggered for the relevant axis or in the channel when a stationary state is detected:
● DB31,... DBX2.2 = 1 (axial deletion of distance-to-go)
● DB21,... DBX6.2 = 1 (channel-spec. deletion of distance-to-go)
Extended Functions
4.16 Data lists
4.16 Data lists
4.16.1 Machine data

10000 AXCONF_MACHAX_NAME_TAB[n] Machine axis name
10720 OPERATING_MODE_DEFAULT Setting of the operating mode after Power On
10721 OPERATING_MODE_EXTENDED Extended setting of the operating mode after Power On
10735 JOG_MODE_MASK Settings for JOG mode
11300 JOG_INC_MODE_LEVELTRIGGRD INC and REF in inching mode
11310 HANDWH_REVERSE Defines movement in the opposite direction
11320 HANDWH_IMP_PER_LATCH[n] Handwheel pulses per locking position
11324 HANDWH_VDI_REPRESENTATION Coding of the handwheel number (NCK/PLC interface)
11330 JOG_INCR_SIZE_TAB[n] Increment size for INC/handwheel
11340 ENC_HANDWHEEL_SEGMENT_NR Third handwheel: Bus segment
11342 ENC_HANDWHEEL_MODULE_NR Third handwheel: Logical drive number
11344 ENC_HANDWHEEL_INPUT_NR Third handwheel: Encoder interface
11346 HANDWH_TRUE_DISTANCE Handwheel path or velocity specification
11350 HANDWHEEL_SEGMENT[n] Handwheel segment
11351 HANDWHEEL_MODULE[n] Handwheel module
11352 HANDWHEEL_INPUT[n] Handwheel connection
11353 HANDWHEEL_LOGIC_ADDRESS[n] Logical handwheel slot address (STEP 7)
17900 VDI_FUNCTION_MASK Function mask for VDI signals
4.16.1.2 Channel-specific machine data

20060 AXCONF_GEOAX_NAME_TAB Geometry axis in channel
20100 DIAMETER_AX_DEF Geometry axes with transverse axis functions
20110 RESET_MODE_MASK Initial setting after reset / program end
20150 GCODE_RESET_VALUES Reset position of the G groups
20151 GCODE_RESET_MODE Reset behavior of the G groups
20360 TOOL_PARAMETER_DEF_MASK Definition of the tool parameters
20620 HANDWH_GEOAX_MAX_INCR_SIZE Limitation of the geometry axes
20622 HANDWH_GEOAX_MAX_INCR_VSIZE Path-velocity override
20624 HANDWH_CHAN_STOP_COND Definition of the behavior of traveling with handwheel,
channel-specific
20700 REFP_NC_START_LOCK NC start disable without reference point
Extended Functions
4.16 Data lists

21150 JOG_VELO_RAPID_ORI Conventional rapid traverse for orientation axes
21155 JOG_VELO_ORI Conventional velocity for orientation axes
21158 JOG_JERK_ORI Maximum jerk when manually traversing orientation ax‐
es
21159 JOG_JERK_ORI_ENABLE Jerk limitation for manual traversing of orientation axes
activated
21160 JOG_VELO_RAPID_GEO Conventional rapid traverse for geometry axes
21165 JOG_VELO_GEO Conventional speed for geometry axes
21166 JOG_ACCEL_GEO Maximum acceleration when manually traversing ge‐
ometry axes
21168 JOG_JERK_GEO Maximum jerk when manually traversing geometry ax‐
es

30450 IS_CONCURRENT_POS_AX Default setting at reset: Neutral axis or channel axis
30600 FIX_POINT_POS[n] Fixed point positions of the axis
30610 NUM_FIX_POINT_POS Number of fixed point positions of an axis
31090 JOG_INCR_WEIGHT Weighting of an increment for INC/handwheel
32000 MAX_AX_VELO Maximum axis velocity
32010 JOG_VELO_RAPID Rapid traverse in jog mode
32020 JOG_VELO Conventional axis velocity
32040 JOG_REV_VELO_RAPID Revolutional feedrate in JOG mode with rapid traverse override
32050 JOG_REV_VELO Revolutional feedrate for JOG
32060 POS_AX_VELO Reset position for positioning-axis velocity
32080 HANDWH_MAX_INCR_SIZE Limitation of the selected increment size
32082 HANDWH_MAX_INCR_VELO_SIZE Limitation of the selected increment for velocity override
32084 HANDWH_STOP_COND Behavior, handwheel travel
32090 HANDWH_VELO_OVERLAY_FACTOR Ratio of JOG velocity to handwheel velocity (with DRF)
32300 MAX_AX_ACCEL Maximum axis acceleration
32301 JOG_MAX_ACCEL Maximum axis-specific acceleration for JOG motion
32420 JOG_AND_POS_JERK_ENABLE Basic setting of axis-specific jerk limitation
32430 JOG_AND_POS_MAX_JERK Maximum axis-specific jerk for single-axis movements
32431 MAX_AX_JERK Maximum axis-specific jerk during path movements
32436 JOG_MAX_JERK Maximum axis-specific jerk during JOG motions
34210 ENC_REFP_STATE Measuring system status
35130 GEAR_STEP_MAX_VELO_LIMIT[n] Maximum velocity for gear stage
Extended Functions
4.16 Data lists
4.16.2 Setting data

41010 JOG_VAR_INCR_SIZE Size of the variable increment for JOG for incremental
manual travel or handwheel travel
41050 JOG_CONT_MODE_LEVELTRIGGRD Jog/continuous mode for continuous manual travel
41100 JOG_REV_IS_ACTIVE JOG: Revolutional/linear feedrate
41110 JOG_SET_VELO Axis velocity in JOG mode
41120 JOG_REV_SET_VELO Revolutional feedrate of axes in JOG mode
41130 JOG_ROT_AX_SET_VELO Axis velocity of the rotary axes in JOG mode
41200 JOG_SPIND_SET_VELO Velocity for spindle in JOG mode
4.16.2.2 Channel-specific setting data
Number Identifier: $SC_ Description

42690 JOG_CIRCLE_CENTRE Center of circle
42691 JOG_CIRCLE_RADIUS Circle radius
42692 JOG_CIRCLE_MODE Jog circle mode
42693 JOG_CIRCLE_START_ANGLE Start angle for circular travel in JOG
42694 JOG_CIRCLE_END_ANGLE End angle for circular travel in JOG

43320 JOG_POSITION JOG position
4.16.3 Signals

Handwheel 1 is operated DB10.DBB68 DB2700.DBB12
Handwheel 2 is operated DB10.DBB69 DB2700.DBB13
Handwheel 3 is operated DB10.DBB70 -
Extended Functions
4.16 Data lists

Ethernet handwheel is stationary DB10.DBB245 -
4.16.3.2 Signals to mode group

Mode Group1: JOG mode DB11.DBX0.2 DB3000.DBX0.2
Mode group2: JOG mode DB11.DBX20.2 -
4.16.3.3 Signals from mode group

Mode Group1: Active mode JOG DB11.DBX6.2 DB3100.DBX0.2
Mode group2: Active mode JOG DB11.DBX26.2 -
Extended Functions
4.16 Data lists
4.16.3.4 Signals to channel

Activate DRF DB21, ... .DBX0.3 DB320x.DBX0.3
Geometry axis 1: Activate handwheel <n> DB21, ... .DBX12.0-2 DB320x.DBX1000.0-2
Traversing key lock DB21, ... .DBX12.4 DB320x.DBX1000.4
Rapid traverse override DB21, ... .DBX12.5 DB320x.DBX1000.5
Traversing keys minus/plus DB21, ... .DBX12.6-7 DB320x.DBX1000.6-7
machine function request: DB21, ... .DBX13.0-5 DB320x.DBX1001.0-5
1 INC ... Var. INC
machine function request: Contin‐ DB21, ... .DBX13.6 DB320x.DBX1001.6
uous traversing
Invert handwheel direction of ro‐ DB21, ... .DBX15.0 DB320x.DBX1003.0
tation
1 INC ... Var. INC
uous traversing
Invert handwheel direction of ro‐ DB21, ... .DBX19.0 DB320x.DBX1007.0
tation
1 INC ... Var. INC
uous traversing
Invert handwheel direction of ro‐ DB21,... .DBX23.0 DB320x.DBX1011.0
tation
Activate contour handwheel DB21, ... .DBX30.0-2 DB320x.DBX14.0-2
Contour handwheel simulation on DB21, ... .DBX30.3 DB320x.DBX14.3
Contour handwheel simulation negative direction DB21, ... .DBX30.4 DB320x.DBX14.4
Circular travel in JOG DB21, ... .DBX30.6 DB320x.DBX14.6
Invert contour handwheel direction of rotation DB21, ... .DBX31.5 DB320x.DBX15.5
Extended Functions
4.16 Data lists

Orientation axis 1: Activate handwheel <n> DB21, ... .DBX320.0-2 -
Traversing key lock DB21, ... .DBX320.4 -
Rapid traverse override DB21, ... .DBX320.5 -
Traversing keys minus/plus DB21, ... .DBX320.6-7 -
machine function request: DB21, ... .DBX321.0-5 -
1 INC ... Var. INC
machine function request: Contin‐ DB21, ... .DBX321.6 -
uous traversing
Invert handwheel direction of ro‐ DB21, ... .DBX323.0 -
tation
1 INC ... Var. INC
uous traversing
tation
1 INC ... Var. INC
uous traversing
tation
4.16.3.5 Signals from channel

DRF selected DB21, ... .DBX24.3 DB170x.DBX0.3
Handwheel override active (path axes) DB21, ... .DBX33.3 DB330x.DBX1.3
Contour handwheel active DB21, ... .DBX37.0-2 DB330x.DBX5.0-2
Invert contour handwheel direction of rotation active DB21, ... .DBX39.5 DB330x.DBX7.5
Extended Functions
4.16 Data lists

Geometry axis 1: Handwheel active DB21, ... .DBX40.0-2 DB330x.DBX1000.0-1
Traversing requests minus/plus DB21, ... .DBX40.4-5 DB330x.DBX1000.4-5
Traversing command minus/plus DB21, ... .DBX40.6-7 DB330x.DBX1000.6-7
active machine function: 1 INC ... DB21, ... .DBX41.0-5 DB330x.DBX1001.0-5
Var. INC
active machine function: Continu‐ DB21, ... .DBX41.6 DB330x.DBX1001.6
ous traversing
Handwheel direction of rotation DB21, ... .DBX43.0 DB330x.DBX1003.0
inversion active
Var. INC
ous traversing
inversion active
Var. INC
ous traversing
inversion active
Orientation axis 1: Handwheel active DB21, ... .DBX332.0-2 -
Traversing request minus/plus DB21, ... .DBX332.4-5 -
Traversing command minus/plus DB21, ... .DBX332.6-7 -
active machine function: 1 INC ... DB21, ... .DBX333.0-5 -
Var. INC
active machine function: Continu‐ DB21, ... .DBX333.6 -
ous traversing
Handwheel direction of rotation DB21, ... .DBX335.0 -
inversion active
Var. INC
ous traversing
inversion active
Extended Functions
4.16 Data lists

Var. INC
ous traversing
inversion active
JOG retract active DB21, ... .DBX377.4 DB330x.DBX4005.4
Retraction data available DB21, ... .DBX377.5 DB330x.DBX4005.5
Circular travel in JOG active DB21, ... .DBX377.6 DB330x.DBX4005.6
4.16.3.6 Signals to axis/spindle

Feedrate override DB31, ... .DBB0 DB380x.DBB0
Override active DB31, ... .DBX1.7 DB380x.DBX1.7
Delete distance-to-go/spindle reset DB31, ... .DBX2.2 DB380x.DBX2.2
Activate handwheel DB31, ... .DBX4.0-2 DB380x.DBX4.0-2
machine function request: 1 INC ... Var. INC DB31, ... .DBX5.0-5 DB380x.DBX5.0-5
machine function request: Continuous traversing DB31, ... .DBX5.6 DB380x.DBX5.6
Invert handwheel direction of rotation DB31, ... .DBX7.0 DB380x.DBX7.0
JOG fixed point approach DB31, ... .DBX13.0-2 DB380x.DBX1001.0-2
JOG travel to position DB31, ... .DBX13.3 DB380x.DBX1001.3

Position reached with coarse/fine exact stop DB31, ... .DBX60.6-7 DB390x.DBX0.6-7
Handwheel override active DB31, ... .DBX62.1 DB390x.DBX2.1
Handwheel active DB31, ... .DBX64.0-2 DB390x.DBX4.0-2
Traversing request minus/plus DB31, ... .DBX64.4-5 DB390x.DBX4.4-5
active machine function: 1 INC ... Var. INC DB31, ... .DBX65.0-5 DB390x.DBX5.0-5
active machine function: Continuous traversing DB31, ... .DBX65.6 DB390x.DBX5.6
Position restored, measuring system 1/2 DB31, ... .DBX71.4-5 DB390x.DBX11.4-5
Extended Functions
4.16 Data lists

JOG approach fixed point active DB31, ... .DBX75.0-2 DB390x.DBX1001.0-2
JOG approach fixed point reached DB31, ... .DBX75.3-5 DB390x.DBX1001.3-5
JOG travel to position active DB31, ... .DBX75.6 DB390x.DBX1001.6
JOG position reached DB31, ... .DBX75.7 DB390x.DBX1001.7
Handwheel direction of rotation inversion active DB31, ... .DBX67.0 DB390x.DBX7.0
$AA_POSRES Axis state "Position restored"
4.16.5 OPI variable
4.16.5.1 OPI variable
retractState, bit 0 Retraction data available
retractState, bit 1 JOG retract active
retractState, bits 2 - 3 Retraction axis
aaPosRes Axis state "Position restored".
Extended Functions
4.16 Data lists
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations 5
5.1 Introduction
Accuracy errors
The accuracy of machine tools is impaired as a result of deviations from the ideal geometry,
power transmission faults and measuring system errors. Temperature differences and
mechanical forces often result in great reductions in precision when large workpieces are
machined.
Compensation functions
Some of these deviations can usually be measured during commissioning and then
compensated for during operation on the basis of values read by the positional actual-value
encoder and other sensory devices. State-of-the-art CNC controls have compensation
functions that are active on an axis for axis basis.
Parameterization
These compensation functions can be set for each machine individually with axis-specific
machine data.
Activation
The compensations are active in all operating modes of the control as soon as the input data
are available. Any compensations that require the position actual value are not activated until
the axis reaches the reference point.
Position display
The normal actual-value and setpoint position displays ignore the compensation values and
show the position values of an ideal machine. The compensation values are output in the
"Diagnosis" operating area of the "Axis/Spindle Service" window.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
5.2 Temperature compensation
5.2.1 Description of functions
Deformation due to temperature effects

Heat generated by the drive equipment or high ambient temperatures (e.g. caused by sunlight,
drafts) cause the machine base and parts of the machinery to expand. This expansion
depends, among other things, on the temperature and on the thermal conductivity of the
machine parts.
Effects
Due to the thermal expansion of the machinery, the actual positions of the axes change
depending on temperature. This has a negative impact on the precision of the workpieces
being machined.
Temperature compensation
By activating the "temperature compensation" function, actual value changes due to
temperature effects can be compensated on an axis-by-axis basis.
Sensor equipment
To provide effective temperature compensation, a number of temperature sensors for acquiring
a temperature profile are needed in addition to the actual position data from existing encoders.
Since temperature-dependent changes occur relatively slowly, the PLC can acquire and
preprocess the temperature profile in a minutes cycle, for example.
Error curves
In order to implement temperature compensation, the actual-value offsets over the positioning
range of the axis must be measured at a given temperature (T) and plotted. This produces an
error curve for this temperature value. Error curves must be produced for different
temperatures.
Error curve characteristic

If an axis position reference point P0 is selected, an offset in the reference point (corresponds
to the "position-independent component" of the temperature compensation) can be observed
as the temperature changes, and because of the change in length an additional offset in the
other position points, which increases with the distance to the reference point (corresponds to
the "position-dependent component" of the temperature compensation).
The error curve for a given temperature T can generally be represented with sufficient accuracy
by a straight line with a temperature dependent gradient and reference position:
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
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Compensation equation
The compensation value ∆Kx is calculated on the basis of current actual position Px of this axis
and temperature T according to the following equation:
ΔKx = K0 (T) + tanβ (T) * (Px - P0)
The meaning is as follows:
ΔKx: Temperature compensation value of axis at position Px

K0: Position-independent temperature compensation value of axis
Px: Actual position of axis
P0: Reference position of axis
tanβ: Coefficient for the position-dependent temperature compensation (corresponds to
the gradient of the approximated error line)
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Figure 5-1 Approximated error line for temperature compensation
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Activation
The following conditions must be fulfilled so that the temperature compensation can be
activated:
1. The compensation type is selected (MD32750, see "Commissioning (Page 255)").
2. The parameters for the compensation type are defined (see "Commissioning (Page 255)").
3. The axis is referenced:
DB31, ... DBX60.4 or 60.5 =1 (referenced/synchronized 1 or 2 respectivelly)
As soon as these conditions are fulfilled, the temperature compensation value for the position
actual value is added to the setpoint in all modes and the machine axis traverses through this
distance. If the compensation value ∆Kx is positive, the axis moves in the negative direction.
If the reference position is then lost, e.g. because the encoder frequency has been exceeded
(DB31, ... DBX60.4 or 60.5 = 0), compensation processing is deactivated.
Clock cycle
The compensation values are determined in the interpolator clock cycle.
Display
The total compensation value calculated from the temperature and sag compensation
functions belonging to the actual position is output in the "Diagnosis" operating area of the
"Axis/Spindle Service" window.
Parameter adaptation for temperature changes

Since the approximated error line applies only to the instantaneous temperature value, the
parameters of the error lines that are newly generated when the temperature rises or falls must
be sent to the NCK again. Only in this way can expansion due to heat always be correctly
compensated.
When temperature T changes, the parameters which are temperature-dependent, i.e. (K0,
tanβ and P0) also change and can thus always be overwritten by the PLC or by means of a
synchronized action.
It is thus possible for the machine-tool manufacturer to emulate the mathematical and
technological relationship between the axis positions and temperature values via the PLC user
program and thus calculate the various parameters for the temperature compensation. The
temperature parameters are transferred to the NCK using the variable services (FB2 (GET)
"Read data" and FB3 (PUT) "Write data").
For more information on handling and supplying FB2 and FB3 see:
Reference:
Function Manual Basic Functions; Basic PLC Program (P3)
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Smooth the compensation value

To prevent overloading of the machine or tripping of monitoring functions in response to step
changes in the temperature compensation parameters, the compensation values are
distributed over several IPO cycles by an internal control function as soon as they exceed the
maximum compensation value specified for each IPO cycle (MD32760, see "Commissioning
(Page 255)").
5.2.2 Commissioning
Temperature-dependent parameters
Error curves for different temperatures can be defined for each axis. For each error curve the
following parameters must be determined and then entered in the setting data:
● Position-independent temperature compensation value K0:
SD43900 $SA_TEMP_COMP_ABS_VALUE
● Reference position P0 for position-dependent temperature compensation:
SD43920 $SA_TEMP_COMP_REF_POSITION
● Gradient tanβ for position-dependent temperature compensation:
SD43910 $SA_TEMP_COMP_SLOPE
Temperature compensation type and activation

The temperature compensation type is selected and the temperature compensation activated
using the axis-specific machine data:
MD32750 $MA_TEMP_COMP_TYPE (temperature compensation type)
Bit Value Meaning Associated parameters

0 Position independent temperature compensation SD43900
0 Not active
1 Active
1 Position-dependent temperature compensation SD43920, SD43910
0 Not active
1 Active
2 Temperature compensation in tool direction MD20390
0 Not active $MC_TOOL_TEMP_COMP_ON
(Activate temperature compensa‐
1 Active tion tool length)
Maximum compensation value per IPO clock cycle

The maximum possible compensation value per IPO cycle, i.e. the maximum distance that can
be traversed in an IPO cycle as a result of the temperature compensation, is limited using
machine data:
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
MD32760 $MA_COMP_ADD_VELO_FACTOR (velocity increase as a result of

compensation)
The specified value acts as a factor and is referred to the maximum axis velocity (MD32000
$MA_MAX_AX_VELO).
MD32760 also limits the maximum gradient of the error line (tan ß) of the temperature
compensation.
5.2.3 Example
5.2.3.1 Commissioning the temperature compensation for the Z axis of a lathe

Commissioning of temperature compensation is described below using the example of a Z
axis on a lathe.
Determining the error characteristic of the Z axis

In order to determine the temperature-dependent error characteristic of the Z axis, proceed as
follows:
● Uniform temperature increase by traversing the axis across the whole Z axis traversing
range (in the example: from 500 mm to 1500 mm)
● Measuring the axis position in increments of 100 mm
● Measuring the actual temperature at the leadscrew
● Executing a traversing measuring cycle every 20 minutes
The mathematical and technological relationships and the resulting parameters for
temperature compensation are derived from the recorded data. The calculated deviation errors
for a specific temperature, which refer to the actual position of the Z axis displayed by the NC,
are represented in graphic form in the diagram below.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
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Figure 5-2 Error curves determined for the Z axis
Specifying parameters
The temperature compensation parameters must now be determined on the basis of the
measurement results (see diagram above).
Reference position P0
As the diagram above illustrates, there are basically two methods of parameterizing reference
position P0:
1. P0 = 0 with position-independent temperature compensation value K0 ≠ 0
2. P0 ≠ 0 with position-independent temperature compensation value K0 = 0
In this case, version 2 is chosen, which means that the position-independent temperature
compensation value is always 0. The temperature compensation value therefore only consists
of the position-dependent component.
The following parameters are obtained:
● MD32750 $MA_TEMP_COMP_TYPE = 2
(only position-dependent temperature compensation active)
● P0 = 320 mm → SD43920 $SA_TEMP_COMP_REF_POSITION = 320
(reference position for position-dependent temperature compensation)
Coefficient tanβ (T)
In order to determine the dependency of coefficient tanβ of the position-dependent temperature
compensation on the temperature, the error curve gradient is plotted against the measured
temperature:
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
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Figure 5-3 Characteristic of coefficient tanβ as a function of measured temperature T
With the appropriate linearization, coefficient tanβ depends on T as follows:

tanβ(T) = (T - T0) * TKmax * 10-6/ (Tmax - T0)
with
T0 = temperature at which position-dependent error = 0; [degrees]
Tmax = maximum measured temperature; [degrees]
TKmax = temperature coefficient at Tmax; [µm/1000 mm]
Therefore, based on the values from the above diagram:
T0 = 23°
Tmax = 42°
TKmax = 270 µm/1000 mm
and tanß (T) is therefore:
tanβ(T) = (T - 23) [degrees] * 270 [µm/1000 mm] * 10-6 / (42 - 23) [degrees]
= (T - 23) [degrees] * 14.21 [µm/1000 mm] * 10-6
Example:
At a temperature of T = 32.3 degrees, therefore: tanβ = 0.000132
PLC user program

The formula given above must be used in the PLC user program to calculate the coefficient
tanβ (T) which corresponds to the measured temperature; this must then be written to the
following NCK setting data:
SD43910 $SA_TEMP_COMP_SLOPE (gradient for position-dependent temperature
compensation)
According to the example above:
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
5.3 Backlash compensation
SD43910 $SA_TEMP_COMP_SLOPE = 0.000132
5.3.1 Mechanical backlash compensation
5.3.1.1 Description of functions

Mechanical backlash can occur in a drive train involving moved machine parts (machine axes),
e.g. at the ballscrew or in conjunction with the measuring system.
Effects
For a machine axis with indirect measuring system, mechanical backlash results in a difference
between the actual position of the NC determined using the measuring system and the actual
position of the machine part. When the direction reverses, the machine axes traverse through
a distance that is incorrect by the amount of the backlash:
Positive backlash ⇒ Negative backlash ⇒

The encoder actual value leads the machine The encoder actual value lags behind the ma‐
actual value chine actual value

*

0 * 0

The table does not move far enough because The table moves too far because the encoder
the encoder actual value has already changed actual value has not yet changed (lagging) due
(leading) due to the backlash while the table to the backlash while the table is already mov‐
still remains stationary. ing.
① Encoder ② moved machine part (table
③ ballscrew ④ mechanical backlash
⑤ motor
Compensation
To compensate for the mechanical backlash, the actual value of the machine axis is corrected
every time the axis reverses by the axis-specific compensation value set during
Commissioning: Axis-specific machine data (Page 260).
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Activation
The mechanical backlash compensation of a machine axis is active in all operating modes.
Precondition:
● Incremental measuring system: Encoder state == "referenced"
● Absolute encoder: Encoder state == "synchronized"
Displaying the compensation values

The compensation values active at the actual position of the machine axis are displayed on
the user interface for each individual axis.
SINUMERIK Operate: "Diagnostics" operating area > ETC key (">") > "Axis diagnostics" >
"Service axis" >
● "Absolute compensation value measuring system 1"
● "Absolute compensation value measuring system 2"
● "Compensation, sag + temperature"
5.3.1.2 Commissioning: Axis-specific machine data
Compensation value
The compensation value of the mechanical backlash is entered in the machine data.
MD32450 $MA_BACKLASH[ <active measuring system> ] = <compensation value>
Measurement
● Traversing the machine axis and/or the machine part to any measurement position at a
high velocity.
● Measuring the actual position of the machine part
● Calculating the backlash compensation value KL
KL = "displayed actual position of the machine axis" - "measured actual position of the
machine part"
– KL > 0 (positive backlash ) ⇒ positive compensation value
– KL < 0 (negative backlash ) ⇒ negative compensation value
Checking
To check the effect of the compensation, we recommend that the mechanical backlash is
measured after the machine data has been activated.
Circularity test
The circularity test integrated in the user interface can be used to visualize the mechanical
backlash.
SINUMERIK Operate: "Commissioning" operating area > "Optimization/Test" > "Circularity
test"
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Second measuring system

If an axis has a second measuring system, the compensation value must also be determined
for this and entered in the machine data:
MD32450 $MA_BACKLASH[ <measuring system 2> ]
When the measuring system is switched over, the associated compensation value is
automatically used.
Evaluation factor dependent on the parameter set

For a mechanical backlash dependent on the parameter set, the parameter set-specific factor
is entered into the machine data, which is then applied to the compensation value of the
backlash (MD32450 $MA_BACKLASH).
MD32452 $MA_BACKLASH_FACTOR[ <parameter set 1 ... n> ] = <factor>
Effective compensation value

The effective compensation value KP of a parameter set is calculated as follows:
KP = ( MD32450 $MA_BACKLASH[ <active measuring system> ] ) * ( MD32452
$MA_BACKLASH_FACTOR[ <parameter set> ]
Backlash compensation mode

The machine data is used to set as to whether, after the control powers up, the last effective
backlash compensation value is restored.
MD32454 $MA_BACKLASH_MODE = <value>
<Value> Meaning
1 The backlash compensation value is restored at power on
0 The backlash compensation value is not restored at power on
Preconditions
The measuring system active after the control powers up must be adjusted and synchronized:
● MD34210 $MA_ENC_REFP_STATE[<active measuring system>] == 2
● DB31, ... .DBX60.4 - 5 == 1 (measuring system 1 / 2: Referenced, synchronized)
References
Function Manual Basic Functions; Chapter "R1: Referencing" >
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
5.3.2 Dynamic backlash compensation
Dynamic backlash
A dynamic backlash can occur for machine types with sliding guides. Depending on the axial
dynamic response (velocity, jerk, etc.) used to approach an end position, the machine slide
reaches the programmed end position or stops earlier because of the static friction. The
resulting position error is direction-symmetric.
Compensation
To compensate for the dynamic backlash, half the signed compensation value
(MD32456Commissioning: Axis-specific machine data (Page 263), see "") is applied in
accordance with the relevant traversing direction of the axis. Compensation value is applied
as ramp.
Activation
The dynamic backlash compensation is activated by the PLC only in required the situations:
DB31, ... DBX25.0 (activate dynamic backlash compensation)
Note
The machine tool manufacturer specifies in the PLC user program the "required" situations for
the activation of the dynamic backlash compensation. Such situations result with traversal of
the axes with G1, in the JOG mode or with the handwheel.
The NC uses the following interface to return the required activation to the PLC:
DB31, ... DBX102.0 (active dynamic backlash compensation)
Requirement
The axes to be compensated must be homed.
Display
The compensation value that belongs to the current actual position is displayed in the
"Diagnostics" operator area of the "Axis/Spindle Service" window as the total compensation
calculated from LEC, mechanical and dynamic backlash compensation.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Compensation value
As precondition to commission the dynamic backlash compensation, the mechanical backlash
compensation must have already been commissioned. See Section "Commissioning: Axis-
specific machine data (Page 260)". To determine the compensation value for the dynamic
backlash compensation, the measurement described there should be repeated with low
traversing velocities. The compensation value determined in this way is entered in the machine
data for the corresponding measuring system:
MD32456 $MA_BACKLASH_DYN[ <active measuring system> ] = <compensation value for
dynamic backlash compensation>
Compensation value change

Using the machine data, the velocity with which the compensation value is traversed through
is set as a percentage of the maximum axis velocity (MD32000 $MA_MAX_AX_VELO):
MD32457 $MA_BACKLASH_DYN_MAX_VELO = <percentage of the maximum axis velocity>
5.3.3 Dual position feedback
For the "Dual position feedback" function, contrary to conventional (mechanical or dynamic)
backlash compensation, two measuring systems, which are mechanically coupled through a
gearbox without backlash, are used for the closed-loop position control. The advantages of a
direct measuring system are combined with the advantages of an indirect measuring system:
● Direct measuring system: The closed-loop position control with direct, i.e. encoder on the
load side, "automatically" corrects the backlash.
● Indirect measuring system: The closed-loop position control with indirect, i.e. encoder on
the motor side, is "rugged" and "stable" regarding discontinuous backlash.
Each time the setpoint changes, initially only the encoder data from the indirect measuring
system is used for rugged control without oscillation. With a parameterizable delay time, the
closed-loop control smoothly transitions to monitor the direct measuring system, therefore,
achieving the required accuracy on the load side. The control operations should, at this point
in time, only involve short distances. This is because in the meantime the tooth flanks are in
contact with one another, and the backlash has been moved through.
When using the "Dual position feedback" function, it is not necessary to measure and
mathematically compensate the backlash.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Preconditions
The following preconditions must be satisfied for an axis to be compensated:
● Direct and indirect measuring system, mechanically coupled:
– MD30200 $MA_NUM_ENCS = 2
– MD31040 $MA_ENC_IS_DIRECT[ 0 ] = 0 or 1
– MD31040 $MA_ENC_IS_DIRECT[ 1 ] = 1 or 0
● Measuring system calibration has been released:
MD34102 $MA_REFP_SYNC_ENCS = 1
● Both measuring systems are referenced:
– DB31, ... DBX60.4 (referenced/synchronized 1 / 2) = 1
– DB31, ... DBX60.5 (referenced/synchronized 1 / 2) = 1
Delay time
The delay time, during which the closed-loop control smoothly transitions from the indirect to
the direct measuring system, is entered in the machine data.
MD32960 $MA_POSCTRL_DUAL_FEEDBACK_TIME = <delay time>
If the delay time is zero, then the function is inactive, and only the active measuring system
(DB31, ... .DBX1.5 / .6 (position measuring system 1 / 2) ) is active for the position control.
Note
After activating the "Dual position feedback" function, all of the existing measuring system
compensations and monitoring functions remain unchanged and active; this means that they
may have to be deactivated by the user (e.g. backlash compensation values deleted).
Referencing and flying measurement

Also when the "Dual position feedback" function is active, the "Referencing" and "Measuring"
functions refer to the active measuring system (DB31, ... .DBX1.5 / .6 (position measuring
system 1 / 2) ).
References
● Function Manual Basic functions, Chapter "R1 Referencing"
● Function Manual Extended Functions, Chapter "M5 measuring"
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
5.4 Interpolatory compensation
5.4.1 General properties
Function
With "interpolatory compensation," deviations between the desired and the actual position of
an axis can be compensated by leadscrew, measuring system, sag and angularity errors. This
is done by determining the deviation by measurement and storing the corresponding
compensation values in one or more compensation tables in the NC. During operation, the
relevant compensation value is then determined from the compensation table or tables for a
compensation axis based on its current set position. Linear interpolation is performed between
the interpolation points of the compensation tables.
Within "interpolatory compensation", a distinction is made between the two following
compensation methods:
● Compensation of leadscrew errors and measuring system errors
● Compensation of sag and angularity errors
Terms
● Compensation value
Additional setpoint that is applied to the compensation axis so that the difference between
the desired and actual axis position is zero.
● Basic axis
Axis, via whose set and actual position, the compensation value is determined from the
compensation value.
● Compensation axis
Axis, to whose set or actual position the compensation value is applied.
● Interpolation point
Value pair in a compensation table, consisting of a set and actual position of the basic axis
(interpolation point) and the associated compensation value (interpolation value).
● Compensation table
Defined number of interpolation points for a defined traversing range of the basic axis.
● Compensation relation
Unit comprising the basic axis, compensation axis, and compensation table.
Entering compensation tables

The size of the compensation table, i.e. the number of interpolation points, must first be defined
in a machine data. After the next POWER ON, the compensation tables are generated by the
NC and preassigned a value of "0".
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
The compensation values and additional table parameters are entered in the compensation
tables using special system variables. Data can be loaded in two different ways:
● By starting an NC program with the parameter values.
● By transferring the compensation tables from an external computer to the control.
Note
The respective compensation tables can only be loaded if the corresponding compensation
function is not active for all axes:
● MD32700 $MA_ENC_COMP_ENABLE[<axis>] == 0
● MD32710 $MA_CEC_ENABLE[<axis>] == 0
As the compensation data is also retained when the controls are switched off.
Note
When changing machine data:
● MD18342 $MN_MM_CEC_MAX_POINTS
● MD38000 $MA_MM_ENC_COMP_MAX_POINTS
is formatted during the next system run-up of the static user memory (see Section "S7: Memory
configuration (Page 799)").
Interim value calculation

The traversing distance defined via the start and end position within which compensation is to
apply, is divided into several sub-paths of equal size. The number of sub-paths is defined
depending on the error curve and the desired precision. The positions that limit these sub-
paths are referred to as interpolation points below. An interpolation and a compensation value
must be assigned to each interpolation point. Between two interpolation points, the effective
compensation value is determined by linear interpolation.
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① Compensation values of the compensation axis

② Position of basic axis
Figure 5-4 Intermediate value calculation by linear interpolation
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Compensation value at reference point

It is recommended that a compensation table be structured in such a way that the
compensation value has the value "0" at the reference point of the axis.
5.4.2 Leadscrew error and measuring system error compensation
5.4.2.1 Measuring system error compensation (MSEC)
Leadscrew and measuring system errors

The measuring principle of "indirect measurement" on NC-controlled machines is based on
the assumption that the lead of the ball screw is constant at any point within the traversing
range, so that the actual position of the axis can be derived from the position of the drive spindle
(ideal case). However, manufacturing tolerances result in dimensional deviations of varying
degrees of severity on spindles (so-called leadscrew errors).
Added to this are the dimensional deviations (differences in reference division) caused by the
measuring system as well as its mounting on the machine (so-called measuring system errors),
plus any machine-dependent error sources.
Compensation
With "measuring system error compensation" (referred to below as MSEC), the base and
compensation axes are always identical. It is therefore an axial compensation for which a
definition of the base axis and compensation axis in the compensation table is not necessary.
Note
The leadscrew error compensation (LEC) is part of the measuring system error compensation.
The principle of the MSEC is to modify the axis-specific position actual value by the assigned
compensation value in the interpolator clock cycle and to apply this value to the machine axis
for immediate traversal. A positive compensation value causes the corresponding machine
axis to move in the negative direction.
The magnitude of the compensation value is not limited and is not monitored. In order to avoid
impermissibly high velocities and accelerations caused by compensation, small compensation
values must be selected. Large compensation values can cause other axis monitoring
functions to output alarms (e.g. contour monitoring, speed setpoint limitation).
If the axis to be compensated has a 2nd position measuring system, a separate compensation
table must be created and activated for each measuring system. The correct table is
automatically used when switching between measuring systems.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Preconditions / activation
The MSEC is only active until the following pre-conditions:
● The compensation values are stored in the static user memory and are active (after POWER
ON).
● The function has been activated for the relevant machine axis:
MD32700 $MA_ENC_COMP_ENABLE [<e>] = 1
with: <e> = Position measuring system

<e> = 0 Measuring system 1
<e> = 1 Measuring system 2
● The axis has been referenced:
DB31, ... DBX60.4 or 60.5 =1 (referenced/synchronized 1 or 2)
As soon as these conditions have been fulfilled, the axis-specific actual value is modified by
the compensation value in all modes and traversed by the machine axis immediately.
If the reference is then lost, e.g. because the encoder frequency has been exceeded (DB31, ...
DBX60.4 or 60.5 = 0), compensation processing is deactivated.
5.4.2.2 Commissioning
Machine data
Number of compensation interpolation points

Chinese axis - The number of compensation table interpolation points must be stated for each
measuring system:
MD38000 $MA_MM_ENC_COMP_MAX_POINTS[<e>,<AXi>]
● <e>: Position measuring system
● <AXi>: axis
The number of interpolation points of a compensation table is calculated from the
accompanying system variables (see below):
● End position: $AA_ENC_COMP_MAX[...]
● Starting position: $AA_ENC_COMP_MIN[...]
● Distance between interpolation points: $AA_ENC_COMP_STEP[...]
Number of interpolation points = ((end position - start position) / interpolation point distance)
+1
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
System variables
The position-related compensations as well as additional table parameters should be saved
in the form of system variables for each machine axis as well as for each measuring system
(if a 2nd measuring system is being used):
● $AA_ENC_COMP_MIN[<e>,<AXi>] (initial position)
The initial position is the axis position at which the compensation table for the relevant axis
begins (≙ interpolation point 0).
The compensation value for the initial position is $AA_ENC_COMP[<e>,0,<AXi>)].
The compensation value of interpolation point 0 is used for all positions smaller than the
initial position (does not apply for tables with modulo function).
● $AA_ENC_COMP_MAX[<e>,<AXi>] (end position)
The end position is the axis position at which the compensation table for the relevant axis
ends (≙ interpolation point <k>).
The compensation value for the end position is $AA_ENC_COMP[<e>,<k>,<AXi>)].
The compensation value of interpolation point <k> is used for all positions larger than the
end position (exception for table with modulo function).
The following supplementary conditions apply to interpolation point <k>:
– for k = MD38000 - 1:
The compensation table is fully utilized!
– for k < MD38000 - 1:
The compensation table is not fully utilized. Compensation values entered in the table
that are greater than k are ignored.
– for k > MD38000 - 1:
The compensation table is limited by a control function which reduces the end position.
Compensation values that are greater than k are ignored.
● $AA_ENC_COMP_STEP[<e>,<AXi>] (distance between interpolation points)
The distance between interpolation points defines the distance between the compensation
values in the relevant compensation table.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
● $AA_ENC_COMP[<e>,<N>,<AXi>] (correction value for interpolation point N of the

compensation table)
<N> = interpolation point (axis position)
For every individual interpolation point the compensation value must be entered in the table.
<N> is limited by the maximum number of interpolation points of the particular compensation
table (MD38000 $MA_MM_ENC_COMP_MAX_POINTS):
0 ≤ N ≤ MD38000 -1
The size of the compensation value is not limited.
Note
The first and last compensation values remain active over the entire traversing range;
i.e. these values should be set to "0" if the compensation table does not cover the entire
traversing range.
● $AA_ENC_COMP_IS_MODULO[<e>,<AXi>] (compensation with modulo function)

System variable to activate/deactivate the compensation with modulo function:
– $AA_ENC_COMP_IS_MODULO[<e>,<AXi>] = 0: Compensation without modulo
function
– $AA_ENC_COMP_IS_MODULO[<e>,<AXi>] = 1: Compensation with modulo function
When compensation with modulo function is activated, the compensation table is repeated
cyclically, i.e. the compensation value at position $AA_ENC_COMP_MAX (≙ interpolation
point $AA_ENC_COMP[<e>,<k>,<AXi>]) is immediately followed by the compensation
value at position $AA_ENC_COMP_MIN (≙ interpolation point
$AA_ENC_COMP[<e>,<0>,<AXi>]).
For rotary axes with modulo 360° degrees it is therefore suitable to program 0°
($AA_ENC_COMP_MIN) as the initial position and 360° ($AA_ENC_COMP_MAX) as the
end position.
The compensation values entered for these two positions should be the same as otherwise
the compensation value jumps from MAX to MIN at the transition point and vice versa.
CAUTION
Wrong correction values
When writing the correction values for a correction table, it must be ensured that all
interpolation points within the parameterized range are assigned a value. Correction
values which are not described otherwise contain random values.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Note
Table parameters containing position information are automatically converted when the
system of units is changed (change from MD10240
$MN_SCALING_SYSTEM_IS_METRIC).
The position information is always interpreted in the current measuring system. Conversion
must be implemented externally.
Automatic conversion of the position data can be configured as follows:
MD10260 $MN_CONVERT_SCALING_SYSTEM = 1
External conversion is no longer necessary.
References:
Control (G2)
5.4.2.3 Example
Sample parameterization of a compensation table:
● Machine axis: X1
● Measuring system: 1
● Starting position: -200 mm
● End position: 600 mm
● Distance between interpolation points: 1 mm
● Number of interpolation points: MD38000 $MA_MM_ENC_COMP_MAX_POINTS = ((600
- -200) / 1) + 1 = 801
The memory requirement in the static user memory is: 801 * 8 Byte = 6408 Byte
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K3: Compensations
Program for writing system variables

%_N_AX_EEC_INI
CHANDATA(1)
$AA_ENC_COMP[0,0,X1]=0.003 1st compensation value (interpolation point 0):
+3μm
$AA_ENC_COMP[0,1,X1]=0.01 2nd compensation value (interpolation point 1):
+10μm
$AA_ENC_COMP[0,2,X1]=0.012 3rd compensation value (interpolation point 2):
+12μm
...
$AA_ENC_COMP[0,800,X1]=-0.0 Last compensation value (interpolation point
800): 0μm
$AA_ENC_COMP_STEP[0,X1]=1.0 Distance between interpolation points 1.0 mm
$AA_ENC_COMP_MIN[0,X1]=-200.0 Compensation starts at -200.0 mm
$AA_ENC_COMP_MAX[0,X1]=600.0 Compensation ends at +600.0 mm
$AA_ENC_COMP_IS_MODULO[0,X1]=0 Compensation without modulo function
M17
5.4.3 Sag and angularity error compensation
General information
The sag / angularity error compensation (cross error compensation, CEC) is a multi-axis
compensation. To compensate for sag or angularity errors, the position setpoint of an output
or compensation axis is affected here, depending on the current position of an input or basic
axis.
Sag errors
In the case of sag errors, the weight of a moving machine part or work piece leads to a position-
dependent error in the tool center point (TCP).
Angularity errors
For angularity errors, a deviation in the angle in the geometric axes in relation to each other
leads to a position-dependent error in the tool center point (TCP).
Compensation
As shown in the picture below, the more the jib bends (axis Y1) in the negative Z1 direction,
the more the processing head (axis Y1) is moved in the negative direction.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
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① Position deviation in Z1 because of the sag at the current position of Y1
Figure 5-5 Example of sag caused by own weight
The error must be recorded in the form of a compensation table that contains a compensation
value for the Z1 axis for every actual position in the Y1 axis. The compensation values are
entered into the compensation table via interpolation points. When the Y1 axis traverses, the
control calculates the actual correction value in the Z1 axis using linear interpolation between
the interpolation points (in the interpolator clock cycle). The Z1 axis is assigned a correction
value as the additional target value. A positive correction value causes the compensation axis
to move in the negative traverse direction.
Several compensation ratios can be defined for one compensation axis. The total
compensation value results from the sum of all the compensation values for this axis.
Setting options
All possibilities and effects of forming the correction value are listed below (see diagram below).
1. An axis can be defined as a basic axis for multiple compensation tables.
2. An axis can be defined as a compensation axis for multiple compensation tables. The total
compensation value is derived from the sum of the individual compensation values.
Maximum number of possible compensation tables:
– Maximum number of tables available for all axes:
2 * (maximum number of axes)
– Maximum number of tables configured for one particular compensation axis:
1 * (maximum number of axes)
3. An axis can be both a base axis and a compensation axis at any one time. The programmed
position setpoint is used to calculate the compensation values.
4. The scope of action of the compensation (starting and end position of the base axis) and
the distance between the interpolation points can be defined for every compensation table.
5. The compensation can have a direction-dependent impact.
6. Every compensation table has a modulo function for cyclic evaluation.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
7. A weighting factor can be taken into account for each compensation table, with which the
table value is multiplied.
8. Every compensation table can be multiplied with any other compensation table in pairs (i.e.
also with itself) using the "table multiplication" function. The product is added to the total
compensation value of the compensation axis.
9. Activation options of the compensation:
– Axis-specific activation via the following machine data for all axis compensation ratios:
MD32710 $MA_CEC_ENABLE[<AXi>] (enable sag compensation)
– Table-specific activation via the following setting data:
SD41300 $SN_CEC_TABLE_ENABLE[<t>] (pre-assignment for the compensation
table)
Application example: Processing-dependent change to the compensation ratio by
switching the active compensation table via part program/synchronous actions or PLC
user program.
Extended Functions
Figure 5-6
Extended Functions
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K3: Compensations
K3: Compensations
Complex compensations
Since it is possible to use the position of an axis as the input quantity (base axis) for several
tables, to derive the total compensation value of an axis from several compensation
relationships (tables) and to multiply tables, it is also possible to implement sophisticated and
complex beam sag and angularity error compensation systems.
This function also makes it possible to deal with different error sources efficiently. For example,
it is possible to combine a table with a modulo function for a periodic recurring error component
with a second table without a modulo function for an aperiodic error component for the same
axis.
Leadscrew errors can also be compensated with this function by parameterizing an identical
axis for the base and compensation axes. However, in contrast to the MSEC, measuring-
system switchovers are not automatically registered in this case.
The "sag compensation" function does not become active until the following conditions are
fulfilled:
● Compensation is activated for the participating machine axes (compensation axis):
MD32710 $MA_CEC_ENABLE[<AXi>] = 1
● The compensation values are stored in the static user memory and are active (POWER
ON).
● The evaluation of the compensation table used is enabled:
SD41300 $SN_CEC_TABLE _ENABLE[<t>] = 1
● The current measuring system of the base and compensation axes is referenced:
DB31, ... DBX60.4 or 60.5 == 1 (referenced/synchronized 1 or 2)
If the reference is lost during the following operation, e.g. because the encoder limit
frequency has been exceeded (DB31, ... DBX60.4 or 60.5 == 0), compensation is disabled.
The first commissioning step is to define the compensation table. This is done by setting the
number of interpolation points required for each axis. On the next power-on, the compensation
tables will be generated and filled with default values. The next commissioning step is to
parameterize the compensation data by means of system variables. This can be done in two
ways:
● Start an NC program in which the system variables will be written.
● Transfer the compensation tables from an external computer to the control.
Note
To load the compensation tables, all compensation functions for all axes must be
deactivated:
● MD32700 $MA_ENC_COMP_ENABLE[<axis>] == 0
● MD32710 $MA_CEC_ENABLE[<axis>] == 0
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Compensation table index

For compensation functions, <index> always refers to the index of a compensation relationship.
Number of interpolation points per compensation table

The number of interpolation points per compensation table is parameterized with:
MD18342 $MN_MM_CEC_MAX_POINTS[ <index> ] = <number of interpolation points>
● <index> = 0, 1, 2, ... (2 * "maximum possible number of axes of the NC" - 1)
● <number of interpolation points> = ( $AN_CEC_MAX[ <index> ] -
$AN_CEC_MIN[ <index> ] ) / $AN_CEC_STEP[ <index> ] + 1
Table parameters
The position-related compensation values as well as additional table parameters should be
saved for every compensation relationship in the form of system variables:
● Compensation values of the interpolation points of a compensation table
The respective compensation value of the compensation axis must be entered for each
interpolation point.
$AN_CEC[<index>, <interpolation point index>] = <compensation value>
– <index> = 0, 1, 2, ... (2 * maximum number of axes - 1), index of the compensation table
– <Interpolation point index> = 0 ≤ x ≤ (Value of MD18342) - 1, Index of an interpolation
point of the compensation table
● Basic axis
Name of axis whose position setpoint is to be used as the input for the compensation table.
$AN_CEC_INPUT_AXIS[<Index>] = "<Channel axis name>" or "<Machine axis name>"
● Compensation axis
Name of the axis, to which the compensation value is applied.
$AN_CEC_OUTPUT_AXIS[<Index>] = "<Channel axis name>" or "<Machine axis name>"
Note
If the names of channel and machine axes are the same in multi-channel systems, the
standard axis names AX1, AX2, etc. must be used.
● Distance between interpolation points

The distance between interpolation point specifies the distance between two interpolation
points (position values) of the compensation table. Together with the start and end position,
the number of interpolation points is specified by the distance between interpolation points.
$AN_CEC_STEP[<index>] = <distance between interpolation points>
● Starting position
The initial position is the basic axis position at which the compensation table begins ⇒
interpolation point [ 0 ]. The compensation value of interpolation point [ 0 ] is used for all
positions smaller than the start position; exception: Tables with modulo function, see below.
$AN_CEC_MIN[<Index>] = <initial position>
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
● End position
The end position is the basic axis position at which the compensation table ends ⇒
interpolation point [k]. The compensation value of interpolation point [ k ] is used for all
positions larger than the end position; exception: Table with modulo function, see below.
$AN_CEC_MAX[<Index>] = <End position>
● Directional compensation
It is possible to set whether the compensation table should affect both traverse directions
equally or only the positive or negative traverse direction of the basic axis:
$AN_CEC_DIRECTION[<Index>] = <Direction>
– <direction> = 0: in both traversing directions
– <direction> = 1: in the positive traversing direction only
– <direction> = -1: in the negative traversing direction only
Application example:
Position-dependent backlash compensation by means of a compensation table per traverse
direction of the same axis.
● Table multiplication
For the table multiplication, the current compensation value is multiplied by the
corresponding compensation value of any other compensation table. The result is added
to the current compensation value and is output as the total compensation value.
$AN_CEC_MULT_BY_TABLE[<Index>] = <Table number>
– <table number > = 1, 2, 3, ... (2 * maximum number of axes), number of any desired
compensation table or <table number> = <table index> + 1
● Compensation with modulo function
When compensation with modulo function is activated, the compensation table is repeated
cyclically, i.e. the compensation value at position $AN_CEC_MAX[<index>] corresponding
to interpolation point $AN_CEC[<index>,<k>] is immediately followed by the compensation
value at position $AN_CEC_MIN[<index>] corresponding to interpolation point
$AN_CEC[<index>,0].
These two compensation values should be the same as otherwise the compensation value
jumps from MAX to MIN at the transition point and vice versa.
If modulo compensation is to be implemented with a modulo rotary axis as basic axis, the
compensation table used has to be modulo calculated as well.
$AN_CEC_IS_MODULO[<Index>] = <Value>
– <Value> = 0: Compensation without modulo function
– <Value> = 1: Compensation with modulo function
Example
MD30300 $MA_IS_ROT_AX[AX1]=1 ; rotary axis
MD30310 $MA_ROT_IS_MODULO[AX1]=1 ; modulo 360°
$AN_CEC_INPUT_AXIS[0] = AX1
$AN_CEC_MIN[0] = 0.0
$AN_CEC_MAX[0] = 360.0
$AN_CEC_STEP[0]=1.0
$AN_CEC_IS_MODULO[0] = 1
MD18342 $MN_MM_CEC_MAX_POINTS = 361
$AN_CEC[0, 0] = $AN_CEC[0, 360] = 0.1
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
System of units
Table parameters with position data are automatically converted if the system of units changes
(MD10240 $MN_SCALING_SYSTEM_IS_METRIC).
The position information is always interpreted in the current measuring system. Conversion
must be implemented externally.
Automatic conversion
An automatic conversion of the position data is performed for the following settings:
MD10260 $MN_CONVERT_SCALING_SYSTEM = 1
This activates the following axial machine data:
MD32711 $MA_CEC_SCALING_SYSTEM_METRIC (measuring system for sag
compensation)
The measuring system for all tables effective for this axis is set in this machine data. Hereby,
all position entries are interpreted together with the calculated total compensation value in the
configured measuring system. External conversions of position information are no longer
necessary with a measuring system change.
Monitoring
In order to avoid excessively high velocities and accelerations on the machine axis due to large
compensation values for the sag compensation, the total compensation value is monitored
and is limited to a maximum value.
The maximum possible total compensation value for sag compensation is defined on an axis-
for-axis basis using the machine data:
MD32720 $MA_CEC_MAX_SUM (maximum compensation value for sag compensation)
If the determined total compensation value is greater than the maximum value, then a
corresponding alarm is output. Program processing is not interrupted. The compensation value
output as an additional setpoint is limited to the maximum value.
Further, changing the total compensation value is also axially limited:
MD32730 $MA_CEC_MAX_VELO (velocity change for sag compensation)
The specified value acts as a factor and is referred to the maximum axis velocity (MD32000
$MA_MAX_AX_VELO).
An appropriate alarm is signaled when the limit value is exceeded. Program processing is not
interrupted. The path not covered because of the limitation is made up as soon as the
compensation value is no longer subject to limitation.
5.4.3.3 Examples
Example 1: Sag compensation

Depending on the position of the axis Y1, an additional compensation value is applied to the
set position of axis Z1.
Compensation table used: Table 1 ⇒ Index = 0
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Compensation parameters
● Starting position: -400.0
● End position: 400.0
● Distance between interpolation points: 8.0
Number of interpolation points

MD18342 $MN_MM_CEC_MAX_POINTS[ 0 ] = (400.0 - (-400.0)) / 8.0 + 1 = 101
The memory required in the static user memory is at least 808 bytes (8 bytes per compensation
value).

%_N_NC_CEC_INI ; Writing the compensation data
CHANDATA(1) ; Compensation table 1, index 0
$AN_CEC[0,0]=0 ; 1. Compensation value = 0µm
$AN_CEC[0,1]=0.01 ; 2. Compensation value = 10µm
$AN_CEC[0,2]=0.012 ; 3. Compensation value = 12µm
...
$AN_CEC[0,100]=0 ; 101. Compensation value = 0µm
$AN_CEC_INPUT_AXIS[0]=AX2 ; Basic axis Y1 ≙ machine axis name AX2
$AN_CEC_OUTPUT_AXIS[0]=AX3 ; Compensation axis Z1 ≙ machine axis name AX3
$AN_CEC_STEP[0]=8.0 ; distance between interpolation points 8.0 mm
$AN_CEC_MIN[0]=-400.0 ; Starting position: Y1 = -400mm
$AN_CEC_MAX[0]=400.0 ; End position: Y1 = +400mm
$AN_CEC_DIRECTION[0]=0 ; Compensate in both traversing directions of Y1
$AN_CEC_MULT_BY_TABLE[0]=0 ; No table multiplication
$AN_CEC_IS_MODULO[0]=0 ; No modulo function
M17 ;
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Example 2: Compensation with table multiplication

Compensation of sag of the foundation of a drilling machine with table multiplication.
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Figure 5-7 Sag of the foundation
On large machines, sagging of the foundation can cause inclination of the whole machine.
The compensation in axis X1 depends on:
● Position of the axis X1 because it determines the angle of inclination β
● Position of axis Z1, in which the drill is located.
The total compensation value ΔX1total is calculated from the compensation values ΔX1 and
ΔZ1 of the compensation tables 1 and 2 of axes X1 and Z1, yielding:
ΔX1total = ΔZ1 * ΔX1 = ΔZ1 * sinβ(X1) ≈ ΔZ1 * β(X1)
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Figure 5-8 Table multiplication
Compensation table 1 (index = 0):

● Basic axis: X1
● Compensation axis: X1
● Compensation values: Sine of the position-dependent tilt angle β(X1)
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Compensation table 2 (index = 1)

● Basic axis: Z1
● Compensation axis: X1
● Compensation values: Reaction of axis Z1 on axis X1 (linear).
For compensation relationship 1 (index = 0), multiplication by the compensation values of the
compensation relationship 2 must be set:
$AN_CEC_MULT_BY_TABLE[ 0 ] = 2
Example 3: 2-dimensional array of compensation values

For flat-bed machines, the use case often arises in practice in which the sag compensation
values of the Z-axis depend on the axis positions of the X and Y axes. Under these conditions,
organization of the compensation values in a 2-dimensional array is convenient. The
interpolation points with the relevant compensation values are positioned at the intersections
of the grid (X-Y plane). Compensation values between these interpolation points are
interpolated linearly by the control.
The following example explains in more detail how sag and angularity compensation can be
implemented by a grid of 4 x 5 (rows x columns) in size. The size of the whole grid is
2000 x 900 mm2. The compensation values are each measured in steps of 500 mm along the
X axis and 300 mm along the Y axis.
Note
The following interdependencies apply to the maximum dimension of the grid (number of rows
and columns):
● The number of rows depends on the number of axes in the system (depending on the NCU
type).
● The number of columns is dependent on the maximum number of values which can be
entered in a compensation table (up to a total of 2000 values).
The number of rows and columns is set in the following machine data:
MD18342 $_MN_MM_CEC_MAX_POINTS (maximum number of interpolation points for sag
compensation)
CAUTION
Memory-configuring machine data
Settings made to the MD18342 machine data cause the non-volatile NC user memory to be
automatically re-allocated on system power-on. All the user data in the NC user memory (e.g.
drive and HMI machine data, tool offsets, part programs, etc.) is deleted.
Save the user data before setting the machine data.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
<

;
Figure 5-9 Compensation values of z axis with chessboard-like distribution of x-y plane
The application example can be realized with the following part program code:
$MA_CEC_ENABLE[Z1]= FALSE ; Deactivate compensation

; by setting to FALSE.
; The table values can then be
; altered without generation of
; alarm 17070.
NEWCONF ; Activate $MA_CEC_ENABLE
;Define values f_i(x) in the f tables:
;Function values f_1(x) for table with index [0]
$AN_CEC[0,0]=0.1
$AN_CEC[0,1]=0.2
$AN_CEC[0,2]=0.3
$AN_CEC[0,3]=0.4
$AN_CEC[0,4]=0.5

$AN_CEC[1,0]=0.6
$AN_CEC[1,1]=0.7
$AN_CEC[1,2]=0.8
$AN_CEC[1,3]=0.9
$AN_CEC[1,4]=1.0

$AN_CEC[2,0]=1.1
$AN_CEC[2,1]=1.2
$AN_CEC[2,2]=1.3
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
$AN_CEC[2,3]=1.4
$AN_CEC[2,4]=1.5

$AN_CEC[3,0]=1.6
$AN_CEC[3,1]=1.7
$AN_CEC[3,2]=1.8
$AN_CEC[3,3]=1.9
$AN_CEC[3,4]=2.0
;Enable evaluation of f tables with compensation values

$SN_CEC_TABLE_ENABLE[0]=TRUE
;Define weighting factor of f tables

$SN_CEC_TABLE_WEIGHT[0]=1.0
;Changes to the following table parameters do not take effect until

;a Power On
;Define basic axis X1
$AN_CEC_INPUT_AXIS[0]=(X1)
;Define compensation axis Z1

$AN_CEC_OUTPUT_AXIS[0]=(Z1)
;Define distance between interpolation points for compensation values in f tables

$AN_CEC_STEP[0]=500.0
;Compensation starts at X1=0

$AN_CEC_MIN[0]=0.0
$AN_CEC_MIN[1]=0.0
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
$AN_CEC_MIN[2]=0.0
$AN_CEC_MIN[3]=0.0
;Compensation ends at X1=2000

$AN_CEC_MAX[0]=2000.0
$AN_CEC_MAX[1]=2000.0
$AN_CEC_MAX[2]=2000.0
$AN_CEC_MAX[3]=2000.0
;Values of f tables with index [t1] are multiplied by values in g tables
;by the number [t2]
;in accordance with the rule of calculation specified above
$AN_CEC_MULT_BY_TABLE[0] = 5
;Define the g table values for g_i(y) :

;Function values g_1(x) for table with index [4]
$AN_CEC[4,0]=1.0
$AN_CEC[4,1]=0.0
$AN_CEC[4,2]=0.0
$AN_CEC[4,3]=0.0

$AN_CEC[5,0]=0.0
$AN_CEC[5,1]=1.0
$AN_CEC[5,2]=0.0
$AN_CEC[5,3]=0.0

$AN_CEC[6,0]=0.0
$AN_CEC[6,1]=0.0
$AN_CEC[6,2]=1.0
$AN_CEC[6,3]=0.0

$AN_CEC[7,0]=0.0
$AN_CEC[7,1]=0.0
$AN_CEC[7,2]=0.0
$AN_CEC[7,3]=1.0
;Enable evaluation of g tables with compensation values

Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
;Define weighting factor for g tables

;Changes to the following table parameters do not take effect until

;a Power On
;Define basic axis Y1
$AN_CEC_INPUT_AXIS[4]=(Y1)
;Define compensation axis Z1

;Define distance between interpolation points for compensation values in g tables
;Compensation starts at Y1=0

$AN_CEC_MIN[4]=0.0
$AN_CEC_MIN[5]=0.0
$AN_CEC_MIN[6]=0.0
$AN_CEC_MIN[7]=0.0
;Compensation ends at Y1=900

$AN_CEC_MAX[4]=900.0
$MA_CEC_ENABLE[Z1]=TRUE ;Activate compensation again
NEWCONF
;Carry out a program test to check whether the

;compensation is effective
G01 F1000 X0 X0 Z0 G90
R1=0 R2=0
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
LOOP_Y:
LOOP_X:
STOPRE
X=R1 Y=R2
M0 ; Wait to check the CEC value
R1=R1+500
IF R1 <=2000 GOTOB LOOP_X
R1=0
R2=R2+300
IF R2<=900 GOTOB LOOP_Y
Note
You can read the compensation value under variable "Sag + temperature compensation" on
the user interface. To do so, select softkey "Diagnosis" followed by softkey "Service axis". The
currently effective compensation value is displayed next to the "Sag + temperature
compensation" variable.
;to prepare the table configuration, the Power On

;machine data is set
;cec.md:
;Set option data for commissioning
;Define the number of interpolation points in the compensation tables
;Machine data configures the memory
$MN_MM_CEC_MAX_POINTS[0]=5
$MA_CEC_MAX_SUM[AX3]=10.0 ; Define the maximum
; total compensation value
$MA_CEC_MAX_VELO[AX3]=100.0 ; Limit the maximum changes in the
; total compensation value
M17
Explanation
The compensation values cannot be entered directly as a 2-dimensional grid. Compensation
tables in which the compensation values are entered must be created first.
A compensation table contains the compensation values of one row (four rows in the example,
i.e. four compensation tables). The compensation values 0.1 to 0.5 are entered in the first table
in the example, the compensation values 0.6 to 1.0 in the second table, and so on. The
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
compensation tables are referred to below as f tables and their values as f_i(x) (i=number of
table).
The compensation values of f tables are evaluated by multiplying them by other tables. The
latter are referred to below as g tables and their values as g_i(y). The number of f tables and
g tables is equal (four in the example).
In g tables, one compensation value in each table is set to 1 and all the others to 0. The position
of compensation value 1 within the table is determined by the table number. In the first g table,
compensation value 1 is positioned at the first interpolation point and, in the second g table,
at the second interpolation point, etc. By multiplying g tables by f tables, the correct
compensation value in each f table is selected by multiplying it by 1. All irrelevant compensation
values are concealed through multiplication by 0.
Using this scheme, compensation value Dz at position (x/y) is calculated according to the
following equation:
Dz(x/y)=f_1(x)*g_1(y) + f_2(x)*g_2(y) + ...
When the compensation value for the actual position of the machine spindle is calculated, the
f table values are multiplied by the g table values according to this rule.
Applied to the example, this means, for instance that compensation value Dz(500/300) is
calculated by multiplying each of the function values f_i(500) in the f tables by the function
values g_i(300) in the g tables:
Dz(500/300) = f_1(1000)*g_1(300) + f_2(1000)*g_2(300) + f_3(1000)*g_3(300) +
f_4(1000)*g_4(300)
Dz(500/300) = 0.2*0 + 0.7*1 + 1.2*0 + 1.7*0 = 0.7
5.4.4 Extension of the sag compensation with NCU link - only 840D sl
The sag compensation can also be applied to axes in an NCU link group, i.e. if several NCUs
are connected by NCU link.
General parameter assignment

For general parameter assignment, see section "Commissioning (Page 276)".
The parameterization of the input and output axes of a compensation table takes place with
the following system variables:
● $AN_CEC_INPUT_NCU
● $AN_CEC_INPUT_AXIS
● $AN_CEC_OUTPUT_NCU
● $AN_CEC_OUTPUT_AXIS
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
● The input and output axes have to be interpolated as channel axes on the same NCU. The
corresponding machine axes can be connected to different NCUs.
● The system variables become effective only after a restart.
● Data backup is undertaken with machine axis names.
Parameterization with channel names

The parameterization of the input and output axes with channel axis names takes place with
● Input axis
$AN_CEC_INPUT_AXIS[ <CEC table number> ] = <Channel axis name>
● Output axis
$AN_CEC_OUTPUT_AXIS[ <CEC table number> ] = <Channel axis name>
Parameter example: Coupling axes "ZZ" (AX2, NCU 2) to "XR" (AX1, NCU 1)
Two part programs, TP1 for channel 1 and TP2 for channel 2, have to be created. The system
variables of the input and output axes of the compensation table are written to these.
Excerpt from TP1, channel 1: Nxxx $AN_CEC_INPUT_AXIS[0] = "XR"
Excerpt from TP2, channel 2: Nxxx $AN_CEC_OUTPUT_AXIS[0] = "ZZ"
See section "Configuration examples", configuration 1, below.
Parameterization with machine axis names

The parameterization of the input and output axes with machine axis names takes place with
● Input axis
– $AN_CEC_INPUT_NCU[ <CEC table number> ] = <NCU number>
– $AN_CEC_INPUT_AXIS[ <CEC table number> ] = <Machine axis name>
● Output axis
– $AN_CEC_OUTPUT_NCU[ <CEC table number> ] = <NCU number>
– $AN_CEC_OUTPUT_AXIS[ <CEC table number> ] = <Channel axis name>
Parameter example: Coupling axis "ZZ" (AX2, NCU 2) to "XR" (AX1, NCU 1)
A part program has to be created, which can be started in any channel of the NCU 1. The
system variables of the input and output axes of the compensation table with machine axes
name and NCU number are written to this.
Part program:
Nxx1 $AN_CEC_INPUT_NCU[0] = 1
Nxx2 $AN_CEC_INPUT_AXIS[0] = "AX1"
Nxx3 $AN_CEC_OUTPUT_NCU[0] = 2
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Nxx4 $AN_CEC_OUTPUT_AXIS[0] = "AX2"

See section "Configuration examples", configuration 1, below.
Note
The NCU number is to be written before the axis name. A sag compensation between
NC1_AX1 and NC1_AX2 is not possible.
Axis container
The sag compensation can also be used in conjunction with axes, which are components of
a axis container (Page 104). It must be ensured that the coupling is between two axes from
the LAI layer, so that other machine axes can be coupled after each axis container rotation.
In order to maintain the coupling between two specific machine axes, even after an axis
container rotation, the compensation table has to be rewritten after each rotation.
Requirement
The axis container has to be located in the start position ($AN_AXCTAS == 0) when the sag
compensation is activated.
NOTICE
Changing the machine axes
After a axis container rotation, the same channel axes remain coupled. The coupled machine
axes can change.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Configuration examples
The following pictures show the axis configuration of an NCU link with two NCUs:
● Configuration 1
The two channels of NCU 1 are shows in configuration 1. Here, the channel axis names
that are defined via the machine data $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB are entered.
The configuration of NCU 2 is not shown in more detail.
All the axes interpolated by NCU 1 are compiled in the "Logical machine axis image" (LAI).
The assignment between channel axes takes place via $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED.
The assignment between the "Logical machine axis image" and the real axes is undertaken
via $MN_AXCONF_LOGICMACHAX_TAB. If ones pursues the connecting line that starts
with channel axis ZZ, one ends at Axis AX-2 on NCU 2, i.e. to traverse the 2nd axis of NCU
2, the following command must be programmed in the 2nd channel of NCU 1: N2040
POS[ZZ]=10 FA[ZZ]=1000
● Configuration 2
Configuration 2 contains an axis container (CT1). The parameterization is set via
$MN_AXCT_AXCONF_ASSIGN_TAB1. The axis container is a multi-NCU object that only
exists once for all NCUs.
For NCU 1, the channel axes YR and YY are participants in the axis container. The channel
axes of NCU2 are not shown. The axis container contains the axes NC1_AX5, NC1_AX6,
NC2_AX1 and NC2_AX2. Axis container YR connects with NC2_AX1 and YY connects with
NC2_AX2 during the ramp up. In configuration 2, fig. 2, the axis container is rotated such
that YR is connected to NC2_AX2 and YY to NC1_AX5.
Configuration 1: NCU link with rigid coupling
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① MD20070 $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[0 ... 2]

② MD10002 $MN_AXCONF_LOGIC_MACHAX_TAB
③ MD10000 $MN_AXCONF_MACHAX_NAME_TAB
Figure 5-10 Configuration 1: NCU link with rigid coupling
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Part program TP1: Machine data of configuration 1 for NCU 1

; ########## NCU1 ##########
; NC-specific machine data
$MN_NCU_LINKNO = 1
$MN_MM_NCU_LINK_MASK = 1
$MN_MM_LINK_NUM_OF_MODULES = 2
$MN_MM_SERVO_FIFO_SIZE = 3
$MN_ASSIGN_CHAN_TO_MODE_GROUP[1]=1
$MN_AXCONF_LOGIC_MACHAX_TAB[0] = "NC1_AX1"
; Channel-specific machine data: Channel 1
CHANDATA(1)
$MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[0]=1
$MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[0] = "XR"
$MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[1] = "YR"
$MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[2] = "ZR"
CHANDATA(2)
$MC_REFP_NC_START_LOCK=0
$MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[0] = "XX"
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
$MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[1] = "YY"
$MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[2] = "ZZ"
M30
Part program TP2: Machine data of configuration 1 for NCU 2

; ########## NCU-2 ##########
$MN_NCU_LINKNO = 2
CHANDATA(1)
M30
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Configuration 2: NCU link with axis container
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Figure 5-11 Configuration 2, fig. 1: NCU link with axis container in output state
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
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① MD20070 $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED.
Figure 5-12 Configuration 2, fig. 2: NCU link with rotated axis container
Part program TP3: Machine data of configuration 2. NCU 1

; ########## NCU1 ##########
$MN_NCU_LINKNO = 1
$MN_ASSIGN_CHAN_TO_MODE_GROUP[1]=1
$MN_AXCONF_LOGIC_MACHAX_TAB[4] = "CT1_SL3"
$MN_AXCT_AXCONF_ASSIGN_TAB1[0] = "NC1_AX5"
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
$SN_AXCT_SWWIDTH[0] = 1
CHANDATA(1)
$MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[0] = "XR"
$MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[1] = "YR"
$MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[2] = "ZR"
CHANDATA(2)
$MC_REFP_NC_START_LOCK=0
$MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[0] = "XX"
$MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[1] = "YY"
$MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[2] = "ZZ"
M30
Part program TP4: Machine data of configuration 2. NCU 2

; ########## NCU-2 ##########
$MN_NCU_LINKNO = 2
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
CHANDATA(1)
M30
See also
NCU link (Page 83)
5.4.5 Direction-dependent leadscrew error compensation

If the direction-dependent differences at the compensation points are excessively high, for an
inconsistent backlash or for extremely high demands placed on the precision, then it may be
necessary to apply direction-dependent compensation of the leadscrew error or measuring
system error (for direct position sensing).
Direction-dependent leadscrew error compensation

For the "direction-dependent leadscrew error compensation" ("direction-dependent LEC" or
also "Bidirectional LEC") , two compensation tables are used for each axis. One compensation
table for the positive and one compensation table for the negative traversing direction. The
deviation at the particular compensation point is entered as difference between the ideal
setpoint and measured actual value in the compensation tables. The control automatically
calculates compensation values of intermediate values using linear interpolation.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
The "direction-dependent LEC" is implemented in the SINUMERIK control as a special case
of "sag compensation". This is the reason that the preconditions and conditions of "sag
compensation" apply (see "Sag and angularity error compensation (Page 272)").
The activation of the compensation can be checked using a reference measurement, e.g. using
the laser interferometer or in the simplest case, using the service display of the particular axis.
Note
If the "direction-dependent LEC" is used in parallel to the sag compensation and compensation
of the angularity, then the secondary conditions of these functions must be taken into
consideration together, e.g. the assignment of tables <t> to the particular function.
Measuring the error or compensation values

When commissioning the "direction-dependent LEC" - just the same as when commissioning
the "direction-dependent LEC" - direction-dependent error curves for each axis are determined
using a suitable measuring device (e.g. laser interferometer) (see Section "Leadscrew error
and measuring system error compensation (Page 267)"). A part program with measurement
points and wait times should be generated in order to perform the measurement (see Section
"Example (Page 301)"): Program "BI_SSFK_MESS_AX1_X.MPF").
Because the various measuring devices offer different support options for the practical
implementation in conjunction with a SINUMERIK control, this process is only generally
described in the following referred to a control.
Note
The measurement for determining the leadscrew error should only be carried out during the
first commissioning if, in the machine data, the traversing directions of the axes in relation to
the machine coordinate system have been correctly set.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Commissioning (principle)
1. Specify the number of compensation interpolation points (also see Section "Compensation
for droop and angularity error: Commissioning (Page 276)")
For the directional leadscrew error compensation, a compensation table for the positive
and a compensation table for the negative traversing directions must be assigned to each
axis. The number of compensation interpolation points of a table is defined in:
MD18342 $MN_MM_CEC_MAX_POINTS[ <compensation table index> ]
CAUTION
Possible data loss
A change to the machine data MD18342 $MN_MM_CEC_MAX_POINTS, which
configures memory, reconfigures (Page 801) the NC memory the next time the control
starts. This can result in the loss of all user-specific data.
Creating a commissioning archive:
Operating area: "Commissioning" > "ETC" key > "Commissioning archive" > "Create
commissioning archive" > "OK" > Selection: "NC data"
Example
– X axis: positive traversing direction, table 1, 11 interpolation points
– X axis: negative traversing direction, table 2, 11 interpolation points
Machine data:
– MD18342 $MN_MM_CEC_MAX_POINTS[ 0 ] = 11
– MD18342 $MN_MM_CEC_MAX_POINTS[ 1 ] = 11
2. Reading in a commissioning archive that has been created:
Operating area: "Commissioning" > "ETC" key > "Commissioning archive" > "Read in
commissioning archive" > "OK"
The compensation tables are then available.
3. To simplify commissioning, create an NC program by which the compensation parameters
are written into the machine data and system variables (see Section "Example (Page 301)").
4. Run the NC program on the control:
Mode: "AUTOMATIC" > Select program > NC start
5. Power-on (warm restart).
6. Now, comparative measurements can be made using the laser interferometer.
7. To further improve the compensation results, it is also conceivable to correct individual
compensation values in the program. A POWER ON is no longer necessary when reading-
in the table again.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Note
Sequence for SINUMERIK 828D
For SINUMERIK 828D, steps 2 and 3 are eliminated. This is because when the "sag
compensation, multi-dimensional" option is enabled, 8 tables each with 200 interpolation points
per table for the compensation immediately become available. This cannot be extended!
NC_CEC.INI
The "NC_CEC.INI" file copied via "Commissioning" > "System data" (from the folder "NC active
data" > "sag angularity comp") includes all negotiated sag/angularity and direction-dependent
LEC tables.
Backlash
The backlash should be set to 0:
● MD32450 $MA_BACKLASH [ <measuring system> ] = 0
The compensation parameters are set via the following system variables:
● $AN_CEC[ <table>,<interpolation point> ] (compensation value)
● $AN_CEC_INPUT_AXIS[ <table> ] (basic axis)
● $AN_CEC_OUTPUT_AXIS[ <table> ] (compensation axis)
Note
For the "directional LEC," the basis and compensation axes are alwaysidentical.
● $AN_CEC_STEP[ <table> ] (distance between interpolation points)

● $AN_CEC_MIN[ <table> ] (starting position)
● $AN_CEC_MAX[ <table> ] (end position)
● $AN_CEC_DIRECTION[ <table> ] (direction)
Note
The setting $AN_CEC_DIRECTION[<t>] = 0 (table is effective for both traversing directions
of the basic axis) is not relevant for the "direction-dependent LEC".
● $AN_CEC_IS_MODULO[ <table> ] (compensation with modulo function)
Note
For a description of these system variables, see Section "Compensation of sag and angularity
error: commissioning (Page 276)".
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
System of units
See Section "Compensation for droop and angularity error: Commissioning (Page 276)".
Monitoring
See Section "Compensation for droop and angularity error: Commissioning (Page 276)".
5.4.5.3 Example
The following examples shows parameterization of the directional compensation tables for an
axis (machine axis AX1). All parameter values of the compensation tables are written by means
of a program.
● Basic axis = compensation axis = machine axis AX1
● Distance between interpolation points: 58.0 mm
● Starting position: -585.0 mm
● End position: -5.0 mm
Table definition
The 1st and 2nd compensation table are defined with 11 compensation interpolation points
each for machine axis AX1 as directional compensation tables:
● MD18342 $MN_MM_CEC_MAX_POINTS[ 0 ] = 11 (table 1: positive traversing direction)
● MD18342 $MN_MM_CEC_MAX_POINTS[ 1 ] = 11 (table 2: negative traverse direction)
Note
It is not necessary to define the number of interpolation points for SINUMERIK 828D, because
when enabling the "sag compensation, multi-dimensional" option, immediately eight tables
each with 200 interpolation points per table for the compensation are available. This cannot
be extended!
Interpolation points and correction values
Interpolation points Deviations or correction values Deviation with compensation

Index Position pos. Traversing di‐ neg. Traversing di‐ pos. Traversing di‐ neg. Traversing di‐
[mm] rection rection rection rection
[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]
0 -585 1) 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 -0.0008
1 -527 0.0010 0.0017 -0.0005 -0.0001
2 -469 0.0040 0.0053 -0.0001 -0.0009
3 -411 0.0034 0.0061 0.0001 -0.0009
4 -353 0.0013 0.0030 -0.0005 -0.0006
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Interpolation points Deviations or correction values Deviation with compensation

Index Position pos. Traversing di‐ neg. Traversing di‐ pos. Traversing di‐ neg. Traversing di‐
[mm] rection rection rection rection
[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]
5 -295 0.0004 0.0016 -0.0002 -0.0003
6 -237 0.0016 0.0027 -0.0004 -0.0007
7 -179 0.0026 0.0043 -0.0004 -0.0004
8 -121 -0.0010 0.0026 0.0000 -0.0011
9 -63 -0.0023 0.0000 -0.0011 -0.0003
10 -5 2) -0.0031 -0.0012 -0.0001 -0.0012
1) Starting position: $AC_CEC_MIN[ <Table> ]
2) End position: $AC_CEC_MAX[ <Table> ]
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Programming
The following actions are performed by program "BI_SSFK_TAB_AX1_X.MPF":
● Deactivation of the compensation
● Deactivation of the compensation tables to be written (active tables cannot be written).
● Writing the compensation values into the compensation tables for the positive and negative
traversing direction of the X axis
● Writing the compensation parameters
; directional LEC
; 1st axis AX1
; table 1 - positive traversing direction
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
; table 2 - negative traversing direction

;--- Deaktivierung der Kompensation und der Tabellen
CHANDATA(1)
$MA_CEC_ENABLE[AX1]=0 ; compensation OFF
$SN_CEC_TABLE_ENABLE[0]=0 ; lock Table 1
$SN_CEC_TABLE_ENABLE[1]=0 ; lock Table 2
NEWCONF
;--- 1. Kompensationstabelle, positive Verfahrrichtung
;------ Kompensationswerte
$AN_CEC[0,0]=0 ; correction value interpolation point 0
$AN_CEC[0,1]=0.001 ; correction value interpolation point 1
$AN_CEC[0,8]=-0.001 ; correction value interpolation point 8
; ------ Kompensationsparame-
ter
$AN_CEC_INPUT_AXIS[0]=(AX1) ; basic axis
$AN_CEC_OUTPUT_AXIS[0]=(AX1) ; compensation axis
$AN_CEC_STEP[0]=58.0 ; distance between interpolation points
$AN_CEC_MIN[0]=-585.0 ; starting position
$AN_CEC_MAX[0]=-5.0 ; end position
$AN_CEC_DIRECTION[0]=1 ; table applies to positive traversing directions
$AN_CEC_MULT_BY_TABLE[0]=0 ; no multiplication (not relevant here)
$AN_CEC_IS_MODULO[0]=0 ; compensation without modulo function
;--- 2. Kompensationstabelle, negative Verfahrrichtung
;------ Kompensationswerte
; ------ Kompensationsparame-
ter
$AN_CEC_INPUT_AXIS[1]=(AX1) ; basic axis
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
$AN_CEC_OUTPUT_AXIS[1]=(AX1) ; compensation axis

$AN_CEC_STEP[1]=58.0 ; distance between interpolation points
$AN_CEC_MIN[1]=-585.0 ; starting position
$AN_CEC_MAX[1]=-5.0 ; end position
$AN_CEC_DIRECTION[1]=-1 ; table applies to negative traversing directions
$AN_CEC_MULT_BY_TABLE[1]=0 ; no multiplication (not relevant here)
$AN_CEC_IS_MODULO[1]=0 ; compensation without modulo function (for rotary
axes only)
;--- Aktivierung der Kompensation und der Tabellen
$MA_CEC_ENABLE[AX1]=1 ; compensation ON
$SN_CEC_TABLE_ENABLE[0]=1 ; enable table 1
$SN_CEC_TABLE_ENABLE[1]=1 ; enable table 2
NEWCONF
M17 ; end of program
5.4.6 Cylinder error compensation
5.4.6.1 Function
The cylinder error compensation is used to compensate for clamping errors for cylindrical
grinding. In this case, a shift and/or rotation of the workpiece in the machining plane is
compensated.
Contrary to sag compensation (CEC) (Page 272), on which cylinder error compensation is
based, only two interpolation points are used to define the compensation function (straight
line).
;

① Set position of the cylinder

② Actual position of the cylinder
Figure 5-13 Cylinder error due to incorrect clamping
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Note
Table index
All of the subsequently described machine data, setting data and system variables with the
same index <t> belong to the same compensation table.
Compensation function
The compensation function of the cylinder error compensation is a straight line with the form:
ΔX = m*Z + b
ΔX: Compensation value for the set position of the compensation axis
m: Gradient of the compensation straight lines
Z: Set position of the basic axis
b: Offset of the compensation straight lines
Measuring points
To enable the control to calculate the compensation function, the error in the compensation
axis must be measured at two points on the clamped cylindrical workpiece. In the following
figure, in accordance with the machining plane G18 (Z/X) that is usual in grinding, the basic
axis is designated Z and the compensation axis, X.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
61B&203B>W!@
61B&203B>W!@
;

'
'
61B%$6B>W!@
61B%$6B>W!@
① Measuring point P1
② Measuring point P2
--- $SN_CEC_BAS_0/_1 : Positions of the measuring points in the basic axis (Z)
--- $SN_CEC_COMP_0/_1: Cylinder error at the measuring points in the compensation axis (X)
--- ∅ D1 == ∅ D2
Figure 5-14 Measuring points of the cylinder error compensation
The measuring points must meet the following condition:

ZP1 < ZP2 ⇒ $SN_CEC_BAS_0 < $SN_CEC_BAS_1
Basic commissioning
Cylinder error compensation is based on sag compensation (CEC) (Page 272). As a
consequence, before commissioning the cylinder error compensation, the following
compensation parameters must first be set in the system variables of the sag compensation.
To this end, the required values are written to the system variables in an NC program.

$AN_CEC_INPUT_AXIS[<t>] = "<basic axis>" ; name of the basic axis
$AN_CEC_OUTPUT_AXIS[<t>] = "<compensa- ; name of the compensation axis
tion axis>"
$AN_CEC_MIN[<t>] = <starting position> ; starting position of the traversing
range in which the compensation should be
effective
$AN_CEC_MAX[<t>] = <end position> ; end position of the traversing range in
which the compensation should be effective
$AN_CEC_STEP[<t>] = <distance between in- ; distance between interpolation point =
terpolation points> end position - starting position
$AN_CEC_DIRECTION[<t>] = 0 ; no dependency on the direction
$AN_CEC_IS_MODULO[<t>] = FALSE ; no modulo functionality
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations

$AN_CEC_MULT_BY_TABLE[<t>] = 0 ; no multiplication with another table
$AN_CEC_TYPE = 1 ; compensation type = cylinder error com-
pensation
Distance between interpolation points ($AN_CEC_STEP[t])

Because the compensation function is a straight line, only two interpolation points are required
for the cylinder error compensation. The distance between the interpolation points is therefore
the difference between the end and the starting position:
$AN_CEC_STEP[<t>] = $AN_CEC_MAX[<t>] - $AN_CEC_MIN[<t>]
Setting the cylinder error compensation

The following shows the principle approach when setting cylinder compensation.
1. Definition of whether the actual compensation values take effect absolutely or relatively:
Setting data $SN_... Meaning

SD41356 CEC_CALC_ADD[<t>] Absolute or additive compensation values (0: ab‐
solute, 1: relative)
2. Definition of the weighting factor to which the compensation values are added:

SD41310 CEC_TABLE_WEIGHT[<t>] Weighting factor
The characteristic curve can be moved vertically via the weighting factor.
3. Determining the error in the direction of the compensation axis (X) at two measuring points.
4. Transfer the measuring points (basic value and error or compensation value) to the
compensation data:
Basic value (Z) Compensation value (X)

Measuring point SD41330 $SN_CEC_BAS_0[<t>] SD41340 $SN_CEC_COMP_0[<t>]
P1
Measuring point SD41331 $SN_CEC_BAS_1[<t>] SD41341 $SN_CEC_COMP_1[<t>]
P2
5. Triggering a positive edge change (0→1) at the start of calculation of the compensation
function:

SD41355 CEC_CALC[<t>] Start of calculation by 0→1 edge
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
6. The control calculates the compensation values for the starting and end points of the
compensation straight lines, absolute or relative, depending on setting data SD41356
$SN_CEC_CALC_ADD[<t>]:
Absolute:
– SD41320 $SN_CEC_0[<t>] = <calculated compensation value at the starting position>
– SD41321 $SN_CEC_1[<t>] = <calculated compensation value at the end position>
Relative:
– SD41320 $SN_CEC_0[<t>] = SD41320 $SN_CEC_0[<t>] + <calculated compensation
value at the starting position>
– SD41321 $SN_CEC_1[<t>] = SD41321 $SN_CEC_1[<t>] + <calculated compensation
value at the end position>

SD41320 CEC_0[<t>] Compensation value at the starting position
SD41321 CEC_1[<t>] Compensation value at the end position
The measured values are written into bit memories after the calculation and then deleted:
– Bit memory = measured value
– Measured value = 0.0

Bit memory
SD41335 CEC_BAS_STORE_0[<t>] Bit memories for measuring point P1: Base value
SD41350 CEC_COMP_STORE_0[<t>] Bit memories for measuring point P1: Cylinder
error
SD41336 CEC_COMP_STORE_0[<t>] Bit memories for measuring point P2: Base value
SD41351 CEC_COMP_STORE_1[<t>] Bit memories for measuring point P2: Cylinder
error
Deleted measured values
SD41330 CEC_BAS_0[<t>] Measuring point P1: Base value
SD41340 CEC_COMP_0[<t>] Measuring point P1: Cylinder error
SD41331 CEC_BAS_1[<t>] Measuring point P2: Base value
SD41341 CEC_COMP_1[<t>] Measuring point P2: Cylinder error
7. Set enable for use of the compensation table:

SD41300 CEC_TABLE_ENABLE[<t>] Compensation table enable
5.4.6.3 Examples
In the following examples, for the cylinder error compensation, the first compensation table
(index 0) is used.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Example 1: Cylinder error compensation with absolute compensation values
Overview of the compensation parameters determining the characteristic

For the example, the compensation parameters shown in the following figure are used.
61B&(&B>@
61B&203B>@
61B&(&B>@
61B&203B>@
61B%$6B>@
61B%$6B>@
$1B&(&B0,1>@ $1B&(&B0$;>@

$1B&(&B67(3>@
General compensation data
Setting data $SN_... Value Meaning

SD41300 CEC_TABLE_ENABLE[0] FALSE Enable
SD41310 CEC_TABLE_WEIGHT[0] 1 Weighting factor
SD41356 CEC_CALC_ADD[0] FALSE Absolute compensation values 1)
1) The compensation values calculated below are written into the setting data SD41320 $SN_CEC_0[0]
and SD41321 $SN_CEC_1[0], i.e. they are applied absolutely. In case of TRUE, they would be added
to the existing compensation values.
Axes, compensation range, and table properties
System variable $AN_... Value Meaning

CEC_INPUT_AXIS[0] (Z) Basic axis
CEC_OUTPUT_AXIS[0] (X) Compensation axis
CEC_MIN[0] -400,000 Starting position
mm
CEC_MAX[0] 400,000 End position
mm
CEC_STEP[0] 800,000 Distance between interpolation points
mm
CEC_DIRECTION[0] 0 The compensation table applies to both travers‐
ing directions of the basic axis.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
System variable $AN_... Value Meaning

CEC_IS_MODULO[0] FALSE No modulo function is active
CEC_MULT_BY_TABLE[0] 0 No table multiplication is active
Measuring points

SD41330 CEC_BAS_0[0] 110.0 mm Measuring point P1: Base value
SD41340 CEC_COMP_0[0] 0.001 mm Measuring point P1: Cylinder error
Calculation of the compensation values

Calculation of the compensation values is performed by the control based on a rising edge
(0→1) in setting data SD41355 $SN_CEC_CALC[0]. The calculations shown below are
therefore only for illustration.
● Compensation function ΔX = f(Z):
;3;3
˂; P =E =E
=3=3
● Calculation of the gradient m:

6'61B&(&B&203B>@6'61B&(&B&203B>@
P
6'61B&(&B%$6B>@6'61B&(&B%$6B>@

● Calculating the offset b → measuring point P1(110.0, 0.001) and (2) used in (1):
0.001 = 1*10-5 * 110.0 + b
b = -1*10-4 (3)
● Resulting compensation function → (3) and (2) used in (1):
ΔX = 1*10-5 * Z - 1*10-4
● Calculating the compensation values → starting or end position used in (4):
SD41320 $SN_CEC_0[0] = ΔXCOMP_0 = 1*10-5 * -400000 - 1*10-4 = -4.0001
SD41321 $SN_CEC_1[0] = ΔXCOMP_1 = 1*10-5 * 400000 - 1*10-4 = 3.9999

SD41320 CEC_0[0] -4.0001 Compensation value at the starting position
mm
SD41321 CEC_1[0] 3.9999 Compensation value at the end position
mm
SD41330 CEC_BAS_0[0] 0.0 mm Measuring point P1: Base value (deleted)
SD41335 CEC_BAS_STORE_0[0] 110.0 mm Bit memories for measuring point P1: Base value
SD41340 CEC_COMP_0[0] 0.0 mm Measuring point P1: Cylinder error (deleted)
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations

SD41350 CEC_COMP_STORE_0[0] 0.001 mm Bit memories for measuring point P1: Cylinder
error
error
Example 2: Cylinder error compensation with relative compensation values

Example 2 based on the compensation data of example 1. The cylinder error compensation
is also realized using the first compensation table (index 0).
In example 2, the cylinder error is determined only at two measuring points, unlike example 1.
The compensation values are to apply relatively, i.e. they are added to the existing
compensation values from example 1.
General compensation data

SD41356 CEC_CALC_ADD[0] TRUE Relative compensation values 1)
1) The compensation values calculated below are added to the setting data SD41320 $SN_CEC_0[0]
and SD41321 $SN_CEC_1[0].
Measuring points

SD41341 CEC_COMP_1[0] -0.003 Measuring point P2: Cylinder error
mm
Calculation of the compensation values

Calculation of the compensation values is performed by the control based on a rising edge
(0→1) in setting data SD41355 $SN_CEC_CALC[0]:
● Compensation function: ΔX = m * Z + b = -7.5*10-6 * Z + 7.5*10-5
● Calculated compensation values:
– ΔXCOMP_0 = 3.000075 mm
– ΔXCOMP_1 = -2.999925 mm
● Adding the calculated compensation values to the actual compensation values:
– SD41320 $SN_CEC_CEC_0[0] = SD41320 $SN_CEC_CEC_0[0] + ΔXCOMP_0 = -4.0001
mm + 3.000075 = -1.000025 mm
– SD41321 $SN_CEC_CEC_1[0] = SD41321 $SN_CEC_CEC_1[0] + ΔXCOMP_1 = 3.9999
mm - 2.999925 mm = 0.999975
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Setting data $SN_CEC_... Value Meaning

SD41320 CEC_0[0] -1.000025 Compensation value at the starting position
mm
SD41321 CEC_1[0] 0.999975 Compensation value at the end position
mm
error
SD41351 CEC_COMP_STORE_1[0] -0.003 Bit memories for measuring point P2: Cylinder
mm error
Compensated actual position

The following functions are based on the compensated actual position:
● Measurement
● Teach In
● Software limit switch
Displaying the actual position

The actual position of the axis without compensation (ideal machine) is displayed in the actual
position display in the machine coordinate system.
The actual position of the axis with compensation (MSEC and backlash compensation) is
displayed in the service display "Axis/spindle" ("Diagnostics" operating area).
Displaying the compensation values

The following compensation values are also output in the "Axis/spindle" service display
(operating area "Diagnosis"):
● "Absolute compensation value measuring system 1" or 2
The value displayed is the sum of the compensation values of MSEC, obtained from the
actual position of the basic and compensation axis, and backlash compensation.
● Compensation, sag + temperature
The value displayed is the sum of the compensation values of sag and temperature
compensation, obtained from the actual position of the basic and compensation axis.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
5.5 Dynamic feedforward control (following error compensation)
Loss of the referenced status of the basic axis

If the referenced status of the active measuring system of the basic axis changes from
"Referenced/synchronized" to "Not referenced/synchronized" (DB31, ... DBX60.4 or .5: 1→0),
then the MSEC and/or sag compensation is deactivated in the corresponding axis (basic/
compensation axis).
If the referenced status of the active measuring system of the basic axis then changes from
"Not referenced/synchronized" to "Referenced/synchronized" (DB31, ... DBX60.4 or .5: 0→1),
then the MSEC and/or sag compensation is reactivated in the corresponding axis (basic/
compensation axis).
Controller enable signals

If a compensation relationship is active, then the controller enable (DB31, ... DBX2.1) should
always be set the same for the basic and compensation axes.
Traversing signal output

The traversing signals of the compensation axis are only when the compensation function is
activated/deactivated and when the number of active compensation tables changes.
Traversing motion of the compensation axis, resulting from motion of the basic axis, does not
result in the output of traversing signals in the compensation axis.
5.5.1 General properties
Axial following error

The remaining system deviation of the position controller when traversing a machining axis is
known as axial following error. Expressed in another way, the axial following error is the
difference between the setpoint position and the actual position of the machine axis.
Effects
Particularly during acceleration in contour curvatures, e.g. circles and corners, this following
error leads to undesirable, velocity-dependent contour violations.
Compensation
The axial following error can be reduced almost to zero with the help of the "dynamic
feedforward control". The function is therefore also called "following error compensation".
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Methods
There are two "dynamic feedforward control" methods:
● Speed feedforward control (velocity-dependent)
● Torque feedforward control (acceleration-dependent)
Activation
The feedforward control method is selected and activated using the machine data:
MD32620 $MA_FFW_MODE (feedforward control mode)
Value Meaning
0 No feedforward control
1 Speed feedforward control with PT1 balancing
2 Torque feedforward control with PT1 balancing
3 Speed feedforward control with Tt balancing
4 Torque feedforward control with Tt balancing
Activation/deactivation in part program

The following axis-specific machine data can be used to define that the feedforward control
for the respective axis/spindle can be activated and deactivated by the part program:
MD32630 $MA_FFW_ACTIVATION_MODE (activate feedforward control from program)
Value Meaning
0 The feedforward control cannot be activated and deactivated from the part program. This
means that the state specified using MD32620 $MA_FFW_MODE is always effective for the
axis/spindle.
1 The feedforward control can be activated and deactivated from the part program. The operation
becomes active immediately.
2 The feedforward control can be activated and deactivated from the part program. The operation
only becomes active the next time that the axis comes to a standstill.
The feedforward control is activated/deactivated from the part program using the operations:
FFWON: Feedforward control ON
FFWOF: Feedforward control OFF
The default setting (i.e. M30 even after reset) is entered using the channel-specific machine
data:
MD20150 $MC_GCODE_RESET_VALUES (initial setting of the G groups)
FFWON/FFWOF is active for all axes/spindles in the axis mode, where:
MD32630 $MA_FFW_ACTIVATION_MODE = 1 (or 2)
and
MD32620 $MA_FFW_MODE = 1, 2, 3 or 4
The identical MD32630 setting should be used for axes that interpolate with each other.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
The feedforward control should only be activated or deactivated while the axis/spindle is
stationary in the axis mode, in order to prevent jerky motion. Hence the switchover is delayed
automatically up to the next standstill through block search stop.
Note
A preprocessing stop has no effect for command or PLC axes traversing asynchronously to
the part program processing. To ensure that FFWON/FFWOF only has an effect on the axis/
spindle when it is next stationary in the axis mode, you must explicitly set MD32630 = 2 for
each axis/spindle in the axis mode (see also "Forward feed control for command- and PLC
axes (Page 319)").
5.5.2 Speed feedforward control
Function
In the case of speed feedforward control, a velocity setpoint is also applied directly to the input
of the speed controller. With this value the following error can be reduced to nearly zero (i.e.
system deviation is 0) when the velocity is constant.
Commissioning
The following axis-specific parameters must be defined for the speed feedforward control
during commissioning:
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Equivalent time constant of the speed control loop (MD32810)

The equivalent time constant of the speed control loop must be determined accurately (e.g.
graphically from a speed setpoint step response) and entered into the following machine data
to correctly set the speed feedforward control:
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
MD32810 $MA_EQUIV_SPEEDCTRL_TIME (equivalent time constant speed control loop for

feedforward control)
Feedforward control factor for speed feedforward control (MD32610)

The additional velocity setpoint can be weighted using a factor:
MD32610 $MA_VELO_FFW_WEIGHT
Range of values: 0 ... 1
"0" means: no feedforward control. As standard, the factor has a value of 1 (≙ 100%).
The factor should remain set at 100%, as this value is the optimum setting for an optimally set
control loop for the axis/spindle as well as a precisely determined equivalent time constant of
the speed control loop.
Fine adjustment
The speed feedforward control for the particular axis/spindle can be optimized by making slight
changes (fine tuning) to the equivalent time constants of the speed control loop (MD32810).
To make this check, the axis/spindle should be traversed at a constant velocity and in the
service display "Axis/spindle", the "System deviation" should be checked.
A small acceleration and a high feedrate should be chosen so that the values can be easily
read on the service display. This produces very long acceleration phases from which it is easy
to read off the control deviation.
Example:
MD32300 $MA_MAX_AX_ACCEL = 0.1 ; Maximum axis acceleration = 0.1 m/s2

MD32000 $MA_MAX_AX_VELO = 20000.0 ; Maximum axis velocity
= 20000.0 mm/min
; Part program for setting the equivalent time constant

G1 F20000
FFWON
LOOP:
X1000
X0
GOTOB LOOP
M30
References
For detailed information about setting the equivalent time constants of the speed control loop
(MD32810) refer to:
● Function Manual, Basic Functions; Velocities, Setpoint / Actual Value Systems, Closed-
Loop Control (G2), Section: Optimization of the control
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
5.5.3 Torque feedforward control
Function
In the case of torque feedforward control, an additional current setpoint proportional to the
torque is applied directly to the current controller input. This value is formed using the
acceleration and moment of inertia.
Application
Torque feedforward control is required to achieve high contour accuracy where the demands
on the dynamic response are very high. If set correctly, the following error can almost be
completely compensated even during high acceleration.
Commissioning
The following axis-specific parameters must be defined during commissioning for torque
feedforward control:
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Equivalent time constant of the current control loop (MD32800)

The equivalent time constant of the current control loop must be determined accurately (e.g.
graphically from the step response of the current control loop) and entered in the following
machine data in order to correctly set the torque feedforward control:
MD32800 $MA_EQUIV_CURRCTRL_TIME (equivalent time constant current control loop for
feedforward control)
Total moment of inertia of axis (MD32650)

The total moment of inertia (moment of inertia of drive plus load referred to the motor shaft) of
the axis must be determined and entered in the following machine data:
MD32650 $MA_AX_INERTIA (inertia for torque feedforward control)
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Fine adjustment
The torque feedforward control for the particular axis/spindle can be optimized by making slight
changes (fine tuning) to the values in MD32800 and MD32650.
To make a check, the following error should be recorded via the trace functionality. In addition
to traversing at a constant velocity, the following error should be monitored especially when
the axis/spindle accelerates.
Note
As a result of the extremely fast sequences when accelerating, when commissioning the torque
feedforward control, the service display cannot be used to check the fine adjustment.
References
For detailed information about setting the equivalent time constants of the current control loop
(MD32810) refer to:
● Function Manual, Basic Functions; Velocities, Setpoint / Actual Value Systems, Closed-
Loop Control (G2), Section: Optimization of the control
5.5.4 Dynamic response adaptation
Function
For axes that interpolate with one another, but with different axial control loop response times,
dynamic response adaptation can be used to achieve identical time responses of all axes to
ensure optimum contour accuracy without loss of control quality.
Commissioning
Time constant for dynamic response adaptation (MD32910)

The difference between the equivalent time constants of the "slowest" speed or current control
loop and the particular axis should be entered as time constant for the dynamic response
adaptation in the following machine data.
MD32910 $MA_DYN_MATCH_TIME (time constant of dynamic response adaptation)
Example:
Equivalent time constants of the speed control loop (MD32810) for active speed feedforward
control of axes 1, 2 and 3:
● Axis 1: 2 ms
● Axis 2: 4 ms (dynamically the slowest axis)
● Axis 3: 1 ms
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
This means that the following values are obtained for the time constant of the dynamic
response adaptation MD32910:
● Axis 1: 2 ms
● Axis 2: 0 ms
● Axis 3: 3 ms
Activation (MD32900)
The dynamic response adaptation is only active if the following machine data is set:
MD32900 $MA_DYN_MATCH_ENABLE= 1
References
Function Manual, Basic Functions; Velocities, Setpoint-Actual Value Systems, Closed-Loop
Control (G2), Chapter: "Optimizing the closed-loop control"
5.5.5 Forward feed control for command- and PLC axes
Function
For command and PLC axes, it must be prevented that the feedforward control is activated/
deactivated at higher velocities as follows:
MD32630 $MA_FFW_ACTIVATION_MODE = 2
With this setting, the FFWON/FFWOF operation only becomes active below the stationary
velocity (MD36060 $MA_STANDSTILL_VELO_TOL) configured for this particular axis.
If the switchover instruction coincides with an axis motion, the required switchover is executed
only in the next stoppage condition of the axis. This avoids the following error being suddenly
established/reduced.
Note
A stoppage velocity set to a very high value can lead to the changeover of the feedforward
control in the movement. Controls can be activated depending on the existing following error.
Commissioning
We recommend the following procedure when checking the feedforward control for command
and PLC axes:
1. Check the stoppage velocity in MD36060.
2. Check the existing following error of the axis in stoppage condition.
3. Setting the changeover condition and activating it:
MD32630 = 2
4. Traverse axis in the part program using the POSA operation.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
5. Execute FFWON during the axis motion.

6. The KV factor and following error displayed in the service display "Axis/spindle" must not
jump.
7. A higher KV factor and a lower following error are only obtained for traversing motion
following standstill. However, the feedforward control is active only from the stoppage
condition.
Essentially the same as when activating the feedforward control, for deactivation, the following
applies:
1. Traverse axis in the part program using the POSA operation.
2. Execute FFWOF during the axis motion.
3. The KV factor and following error displayed in the service display "Axis/spindle" must not
jump.
4. A lower KV factor and a higher following error are only obtained for traversing motion
following standstill. However, the feedforward control is inactive only from the stoppage
condition.
Example
In the following program example, axis A is traversed asynchronously to the path. An attempt
is made to activate the feedforward control in the channel while traversing. Contrary to the
geometry axes X, Y and Z, the feedforward control is not immediately effective for axis A. Here
one waits for the stoppage after N60. Axis A then traverses with the feedforward control in
N70.
Program code
N10 FFWOF
N20 POSA[A]=1000 FA[A]=10000
N30 G4 F1
N40 FFWON
N50 G0 X10 Y10 Z10
N60 WAITP(A)
N70 POSA[A]=1500 FA[A]=10000
N80 WAITP(A)
M30
5.5.6 Secondary conditions
Axes that are interpolating axes with one another

Also for axes that interpolate with one another, the feedforward control parameter should be
optimally set for each axis, i.e. also several axes that are interpolating with one another can
have different feedforward control parameters.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
5.6 Friction compensation overview
Check contour monitoring

As the two equivalent time constants:
● MD32810 $MA_EQUIV_SPEEDCTRL_TIME (equivalent time constant speed control loop
for feedforward control)
and
● MD32800 $MA_EQUIV_CURRCTRL_TIME) (equivalent time constant current control loop
for feedforward control)
also influence the contour monitoring, this should be subsequently checked.
References:
Function Manual, Basic Functions; Axis Monitoring, Protection Zones (A3)
Influence on the servo gain factor (KV factor)

When the feedforward control is set correctly, the response to setpoint changes in the
controlled system under speed feedforward control is as dynamic as that of the speed control
loop or, under torque feedforward control, as that of the current control loop, i.e. the servo gain
factor (KVfactor) entered into MD32200 $MA_POS_CTRLGAIN hardly has any effect on the
control behavior (e.g. corner errors, overshoots, circle/radius errors).
On the other hand, feedforward control does not affect the response to disturbances
(synchronism). In this case, the servo gain factor (KV factor) entered in MD32200 is the active
factor.
Service display "KV factor"

When a feedforward control is active, the servo gain (KV factor) of the axis (corresponds to
servo gain factor (KVfactor) active as response to setpoint changes) shown in the service
display "axis/spindle" is very high.
5.6 Friction compensation overview

In addition to the mass inertia and the machining forces, the friction forces in the gearing and
guideways of the machine influence the dynamic behavior of a machine axis. In particular,
when accelerating a machine axis from standstill, the transition from static to sliding friction
has an adverse effect. The resulting sudden change in the friction force results in a briefly
increased following error. With interpolating axes, this results in significant contour violations.
For circles, these occur especially at the quadrant transitions where one of the participating
axes is stationary as its direction is reversed.
To improve the contour accuracy at these points, an additional setpoint pulse (velocity or torque
setpoint pulse) is applied to the friction compensation when a machine axis is accelerated from
standstill.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
5.7 Friction compensation with a constant compensation value
Friction compensation functions

The following functions are available for friction compensation:
● Friction compensation with a constant compensation value (Page 322)
Depending on the acceleration of the machine axis, the same pulse is always applied to
the velocity setpoint.
The amplitude and the decay time of the velocity setpoint pulse can be set.
● Friction compensation with adaptive characteristic (Page 328)
Depending on the acceleration of the machine axis, the velocity setpoint pulse is determined
from a parameterizable characteristic.
Three different acceleration values can be set as well as the minimum and maximum
amplitude and the decay time of the velocity setpoint pulse.
● Friction compensation with adaptive characteristics (Page 331) (Licensed option:
6FC5800-0AS06-0YB0)
Depending on the acceleration of the machine axis, the velocity setpoint pulse is determined
from up to three parameterizable characteristics.
Up to nine different acceleration values can be set. For each acceleration value, weighting
factors for the amplitude, the active time, and the decay time of the velocity setpoint pulse
can be defined.
If the velocity setpoint pulse is not sufficient to achieve the desired result, an additional
torque setpoint pulse can be parameterized.

The friction compensation described below with constant compensation value is intended for
applications in which the following general conditions apply:
● The velocity setpoint pulse required for friction compensation is independent of the
acceleration.
● An acceleration-independent amplitude and an acceleration-independent decay time are
sufficient to model the velocity setpoint pulse.
● For friction compensation at the positive and negative reversal point, the same velocity
setpoint pulse is sufficient.
● The requirement for contour accuracy at the reversal points is relatively low.
The following figure shows an example characteristic that can be set with this function:
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
˂Q
˂QRSW
Δnopt Amplitude of the velocity setpoint pulse

a Acceleration at the quadrant transition
5.7.2 Commissioning
To determine the axis-specific compensation value Δnopt, the Circularity test (Page 324) must
be used to determine the optimum amplitude of the velocity setpoint pulse Δnopt_a for each of
a number of acceleration values. The different acceleration values should cover the entire
dynamic range.
Calculation of the acceleration at the quadrant transition

On a circular path, the acceleration a of a machine axis on direction reversal at the quadrant
transition is calculated from the radius r of the circle and the path velocity v: a = v2 / r
Note
The path velocity and therefore the axis-specific acceleration a can be varied simply via the
feedrate override.
Evaluation of the value pairs determined (a, Δnopt_a)

To determine the compensation value Δnopt, we recommend graphically applying the value
pairs determined in the circularity test comprising the acceleration a and the associated
optimum amplitude of the velocity setpoint pulse Δnopt_a: Δnopt_a = f(a)
˂Q
˂QRSW *
Figure 5-15 Axis-specific characteristic determination
The optimum amplitude of the velocity setpoint pulse Δnopt is obtained by drawing in the straight
line G1.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Activating friction compensation

Friction compensation is activated with:
● MD32500 $MA_FRICT_COMP_ENABLE[ <axis> ] = TRUE (1)
Activating friction compensation with a constant compensation value

Friction compensation with constant compensation value is activated with:
● MD32490 $MA_FRICT_COMP_MODE[ <axis> ] = 1
● MD32510 $MA_FRICT_COMP_ADAPT_ENABLE[ <axis> ] = FALSE (0)
Velocity setpoint pulse: Amplitude

The amplitude of the velocity setpoint pulse is set with:
MD32520 $MA_FRICT_COMP_CONST_MAX[ <axis> ] = <amplitude>
Velocity setpoint pulse: Decay time

The decay time of the velocity setpoint pulse is set via:
MD32540 $MA_FRICT_COMP_TIME[ <axis> ] = <time constant>
5.7.2.1 Circularity test
Commissioning via the circularity test

The easiest way to commission the friction compensation is with the circularity test integrated
in the user interface. This involves acquiring the circular contour created on the machine as a
circle is traversed based on the actual positions of the participating machine axes. Deviations
from the programmed ideal circular contour, in particular, at the quadrant transitions, are
visualized graphically.
The circularity test can be found on the user interface under:
● SINUMERIK Operate: "Operating area switchover" > "Commissioning" > "Optimization/
test" > "Circularity test"
Sequence
The sequence for commissioning friction compensation for a machine axis is divided into the
following steps:
1. Set the acceleration a1 via path velocity vn and circle radius r
2. Perform circularity test without friction compensation
3. Perform a circularity test with friction compensation with small initial values for amplitude
and decay time
4. Optimize the circularity test with friction compensation by changing the parameter values
step by step
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
5. The optimized parameter values are applied graphically, e.g. amplitude = f(an)
6. Setting of the next acceleration an and continuation with point 2.
Performing the circularity test without friction compensation

A circularity test without friction compensation should be performed to determine the initial
quality of the circular contour at the quadrant transitions. To do this, switch off the friction
compensation temporarily:
MD32500 FRICT_COMP_ENABLE[ <axis> ] = 0
The following figure shows a typical example of quadrant transitions without friction
compensation:
$[LV
,, ,
$[LV
,,, ,9
Figure 5-16 Quadrant transitions without friction compensation
The friction compensation must then be activated again:

MD32500 FRICT_COMP_ENABLE[ <axis> ] = 1
Performing circularity test with friction compensation

It is recommended that a small amplitude value and a decay time of just a few position control
cycles be set as initial values for the velocity setpoint pulse, e.g.:
● MD32520 $MA_FRICT_COMP_CONST_MAX[ <axis> ] = 10 [mm/min]
● MD32540 $FRICT_COMP_TIME[ <axis> ] = 0.008 [s]
The circularity test performed with these values provides an initial assessment of the friction
compensation.
Amplitude too small

Too small an amplitude value (MD32520) is revealed in the circularity test by insufficient
compensation of the contour deviations at the quadrant transitions.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
$[LV
,, ,
$[LV
,,, ,9
Figure 5-17 Amplitude too small
Amplitude too large

Too large an amplitude value (MD32520) is revealed in the circularity test by overcompensation
of the contour deviations at the quadrant transitions.
$[LV
,, ,
$[LV
,,, ,9
Figure 5-18 Amplitude too large
Decay time too short

Too short a decay time (MD32540) is revealed in the circularity test when the contour deviations
at the quadrant transitions are compensated for for a short time but immediately increase again
thereafter.
$[LV
,, ,
$[LV
,,, ,9
Figure 5-19 Decay time too short
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Decay time too long

Too long a decay time (MD32540) is revealed in the circularity test when the contour deviation
at the quadrant transitions is compensated for at first. This assumes that the optimum
amplitude values has already been set. If the decay time is too long, however, the
compensation applies for too long and results in overcompensation at the next circular contour.
$[LV
,, ,
$[LV
,,, ,9
Figure 5-20 Decay time too long
Good friction compensation setting

With a good friction compensation setting, "no" contour violations can be detected at the
quadrant transitions.
$[LV
,, ,
$[LV
,,, ,9
Figure 5-21 Good friction compensation setting
See also
Friction compensation with adaptive characteristic (Page 328)
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
5.8 Friction compensation with adaptive characteristic

Reaction of setpoint-related compensation functions
The following setpoint-related compensation functions affect the position setpoint and must
therefore be deactivated for the axes that perform a circularity test:
● Sag and angularity compensation (CEC)
MD32710 $MA_CEC_ENABLE[ <axis> ] = 0
● Directional leadscrew error compensation (LEC):
● Temperature compensation:
MD32750 $MA_TEMP_COMP_TYPE[ <axis> ] = 0

The friction compensation with adaptive characteristic is intended for applications with the
following requirements:
● The velocity setpoint pulse required for friction compensation depends on the acceleration.
● It is enough if the characteristic is modeled by three different acceleration interpolation
points and a minimum and maximum amplitude of the velocity setpoint pulse.
● An acceleration-dependent amplitude and an acceleration-independent decay time are
sufficient to model the velocity setpoint pulse.
● For friction compensation at the positive and negative reversal point, the same velocity
setpoint pulse is sufficient.
● For greater acceleration, a smaller compensation value is required than for smaller
acceleration.
● The requirement for contour accuracy at the reversal points is high.
The following figure shows an example characteristic that can be set with this function:
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
˂Q
˂QPD[
˂QPLQ
D D D D
% % % %
Δnmax Maximum amplitude of the velocity setpoint pulse

Δnmin Minimum amplitude of the velocity setpoint pulse
a1, a2, Acceleration interpolation points 1, 2, and 3
a3
B1 ... Acceleration range 1 ... 4
B4
The amplitude of the velocity setpoint pulse Δn is calculated in the relevant acceleration range
B1 to B4 to form:
Range Acceleration a Amplitude of the velocity setpoint pulse Δn

B1 a < a1 Δn = Δnmax * a / a1
B2 a1 ≤ a ≤ a2 Δn = Δnmax
B3 a2 < a < a3 Δn = Δnmax + [(Δnmin - Δnmax) / (a3 - a2)] * (a - a2)
B4 a ≥ a3 Δn = Δnmin
5.8.2 commissioning
To determine the axis-specific characteristic parameters, the Circularity test (Page 324) must
be used to determine the optimum amplitude of the velocity setpoint pulse Δnopt_a each for each
of a number of acceleration values. The different acceleration values should cover the entire
dynamic range. In particular, a sufficient number of measurements must be ensured for low
acceleration values and large circle radii.
Calculation of the acceleration at the quadrant transition

On a circular path, the acceleration a of a machine axis on direction reversal at the quadrant
transition is calculated from the radius r of the circle and the path velocity v: a = v2 / r
Note
The path velocity and therefore the axis-specific acceleration a can be varied simply via the
feedrate override.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Evaluation of the value pairs determined (a, Δnopt_a)

To determine the acceleration interpolation points a1, a2, and a3 and the minimum and
maximum amplitude of the velocity setpoint pulse Δnmin and Δnmax, we recommend graphically
applying the value pairs determined in the circularity test comprising the acceleration a and
the associated optimum amplitude of the velocity setpoint pulse Δnopt_a: Δnopt_a = f(a)
˂Q * *
˂QPD[ *
˂QPLQ *
D D D D
% % % %
Figure 5-22 Axis-specific characteristic determination
The acceleration interpolation points a1, a2, and a3 and the minimum and maximum amplitude
of the velocity setpoint pulse Δnmin and Δnmax result from drawing in the straight lines G1 ...G4.

Friction compensation is activated with:
MD32500 $MA_FRICT_COMP_ENABLE[ <axis> ] = TRUE (1)
Activating friction compensation with adaptive characteristic

Friction compensation with adaptive characteristic is activated with:
● MD32490 $MA_FRICT_COMP_MODE[ <axis> ] = 1
● MD32510 $MA_FRICT_COMP_ADAPT_ENABLE[ <axis> ] = TRUE (1)
Characteristic parameters: Acceleration a1, a2, and a3

The axis-specific acceleration a occurring on a circle path on reversal at the quadrant
transitions is calculated from the radius r and the path velocity v as: a = v2 / r
The acceleration values a1, a2, and a3, are entered in the machine data in monotonically
ascending order (a1 < a2 < a3).
● MD32550 $MA_FRICT_COMP_ACCEL1[ <axis> ] = <a1>
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
5.9 Friction compensation with adaptive characteristics
Characteristic parameters: Amplitude Δnmin and Δnmax

The maximum and minimum amplitude of the velocity setpoint pulse (Δnmax, Δnmin) must be
entered in the following machine data:
● MD32520 $MA_FRICT_COMP_CONST_MAX[ <axis> ] = <Δnmax>
● MD32530 $MA_FRICT_COMP_CONST_MIN[ <axis> ] = <Δnmin>
Note
If satisfactory results cannot be obtained for very small path velocities, the computational
resolution may have to be increased:
● MD10200 $MA_INT_INCR_ PER_MM (computational resolution for linear positions)
● MD10210 $MA_INT_INCR_PER_DEG (computational resolution for angular positions)
Velocity setpoint pulse: Decay time

The decay time of the velocity setpoint pulse is set via:
MD32540 $MA_FRICT_COMP_TIME[ <axis> ] = <decay time>

Reaction of setpoint-related compensation functions
The following setpoint-related compensation functions affect the position setpoint and must
therefore be deactivated for the axes that perform a circularity test:
● Sag and angularity compensation (CEC)
● Directional leadscrew error compensation (LEC):
● Temperature compensation:
MD32750 $MA_TEMP_COMP_TYPE[ <axis> ] = 0
5.9.1 Description of the function

Friction compensation with adaptive characteristics has the following properties:
● For fast and simple optimization, commissioning can be performed via the SINUMERIK
Operate user interface.
● In guided commissioning, the test movements are optionally generated automatically for
one or two axes.
● The compensation values can be set separately for each axis, e.g. for a vertical axis, for
each reversal point.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
● In relation to the set position (compensation mode (Page 333) = 3), better results are
achieved by early application of the compensation value.
● If the velocity setpoint pulse is insufficient to achieve the desired result, e.g. for gearless
drives, a pulse can additionally be applied to the torque setpoint.
● Four compensation characteristics with up to nine acceleration interpolation points can be
defined.
● Settable parameters for the velocity setpoint pulse:
– Delay time
– Amplitude 1)
– Action time 1)
– Rise time
– Decay time 1)
● Settable parameters for the torque setpoint pulse:
– Amplitude 1)
– Delay time
– Rise time
● A temperature, leadscrew error, and/or sag compensation that is active in parallel has no
effect on the friction compensation.
1): Parameters that can be adapted depending on the acceleration
Note
In most applications, compensation by means of velocity setpoint pulse and compensation
characteristics for amplitude and decay time are sufficient. Only if no satisfactory results have
been achieved should further options be used.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Examples of adapted characteristics
YLQPPPLQ WLQPV

'HFD\WLPH
$PSOLWXGH

DLQPV DLQPV
WLQPV 0LQ1P

$FWLYHWLPH

$PSOLWXGH

DLQPV DLQPV
①②③ Velocity setpoint pulse:

● Red: Lower reversal point
● Blue: Upper reversal point
④ Torque setpoint pulse
Compensation values for acceleration between the parameterized interpolation points are
interpolated linearly.
5.9.2 Commissioning
5.9.2.1 Activating the function

Friction compensation is activated axis-specifically with:
MD32500 $MA_FRICT_COMP_ENABLE[<axis>] = TRUE
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Activating friction compensation with adaptive characteristics

Friction compensation with adaptive characteristics can be applied to the set or actual position
of the machine axis, depending on the dynamics of the axis. The function is activated axis-
specifically with:
MD32490 $MA_FRICT_COMP_MODE = <mode>
<mode> Meaning
3 For axes with high dynamics and active feedforward control1).
The velocity or torque setpoint pulse is applied if the set position of the machine axis has
reached the trigger point.
4 For axes with low dynamics and inactive feedforward control1).
The velocity or torque setpoint pulse is applied if the actual position of the machine axis has
reached the trigger point.
1) Feedforward control: MD32620 FFW_MODE (feedforward control mode)
Note
Commissioning
We urgently recommend performing guided commissioning using the commissioning functions
of the SINUMERIK Operate user interface (Page 334) and not changing the generated values
in the machine data subsequently.
5.9.2.2 Commissioning functions of the SINUMERIK Operate user interface

Commissioning of the friction compensation with adaptive characteristics is performed in the
"friction compensation" window:
Operating area: "Commissioning" > "NC" > "Friction compensation"
Note
Softkey "Friction compensation"
The "friction compensation" softkey is only displayed if the friction compensation with adaptive
characteristics is active (Page 333) for at least one machine axis.
The parameters for the axis-specific velocity and torque setpoint pulses are determined and
stored retentively in machine data. Friction compensation by means of velocity setpoint pulse
is normally sufficient.
Determination of the characteristic parameters for the velocity setpoint pulses is performed
with guidance by the operator interface.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
The characteristic parameters for the torque setpoint pulse required only in exceptional cases
must be determined manually.
Note
Friction compensation - axis selection dialog
For the selection of an axis on an NCU other than the currently selected NCU, a switchover is
no longer possible once the "Friction compensation" dialog is opened.
To clear the switchover lock, you must first exit the "Friction compensation" dialog.
References
The description of friction compensation with adaptive characteristics via the SINUMERIK
Operate user interface can be found in: Commissioning Manual, CNC Commissioning: NC,
PLC, drive; Section "Commissioning NC" > "Friction compensation with adaptive
characteristics"
Function
The characteristic parameters are determined using a circularity test for up to nine different
acceleration values (Page 336). One or two machine axes are alternately continuously
traversed via an circularity test program generated automatically by the control and the result
is displayed in a circle diagram.
The traversing movements of the circularity program (radius, path velocity, and direction of
rotation) are already set in the following setting data. If necessary, they can be modified via
the data list (see below paragraph "Further parameters").
Parameters Axis type Setting Data

Radius Linear axis SD55820 $SCS_FRICT_OPT_RADIUS
Rotary axis SD55821 $SCS_FRICT_OPT_RADIUS_ROT
Path velocity Linear axis SD55822$SCS_FRICT_OPT_FEED[ 0 ... 8 ]
Rotary axis SD55823 $SCS_FRICT_OPT_FEED_ROT[ 0 ... 8 ]
Direction of rota‐ --- SD55828 $SCS_FRICT_OPT_DIR_MINUS
tion 1)
1) Only effective in the circularity test with two axes
Measuring step
After the start of the circularity test program, in each of the up to nine measuring steps of a
measurement series, the axes are traversed with the path velocity that is defined in the setting
data or with the corresponding acceleration. The deviations of the actual positions from the
ideal path are acquired and displayed as a set or actual circular path. The parameters of the
velocity setpoint pulse can be varied by the commissioning engineering while the circularity
test continues to be performed constantly. The resulting changes are automatically updated
in the result graphics.
If the circularity tests is only performed with a single axis, the result is also displayed as a circle.
For this purpose, the determined contour deviations of the axis are displayed one horizontally
and once vertically. If the circularity test is performed with two axes, both axes must be
geometry axes of the same channel.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Completion
After optimization of the compensation parameters for the entire measurement series has been
completed, the maximum values, characteristics interpolation points, and weighting factors
are calculated by the control and written into the following machine data:
Maximum value Machine data

Amplitude MD32571 $MA_FRICT_VELO_STEP
Decay time MD32574 $MA_FRICT_V_PULSE_DECAY_TIME
Active time MD32573 $MA_FRICT_V_PULSE_CONST_TIME
Characteristic interpolation points Machine data

Acceleration of the friction compensa‐ MD32581 $MA_FRICT_ADAPT_TABLE_ACCEL[ 0 ... 9 ]
tion characteristics
Weighting factors Machine data

Amplitude upper / lower MD32582 $MA_FRICT_ADAPT_V_STEP_PLUS[ 0 ... 9 ]
MD32583 $MA_FRICT_ADAPT_V_STEP_MINUS[ 0 ... 9 ]
Decay time upper / lower MD32586 $MA_FRICT_ADAPT_V_DECAY_PLUS[ 0 ... 9 ]
MD32587 $MA_FRICT_ADAPT_V_DECAY_MINUS[ 0 ... 9 ]
Action time upper / lower MD32584 $MA_FRICT_ADAPT_V_CONST_PLUS[ 0 ... 9 ]
MD32585 $MA_FRICT_ADAPT_V_CONST_MINUS[ 0 ... 9 ]
Additional parameters
With the vertical softkey "Data list," further machine and setting data are displayed for
parameterization of the friction compensation with adaptive characteristics, e.g. also the
parameters for the torque setpoint pulse. The setting these parameters is described in the
following sections.
5.9.2.3 Parameterization of the acceleration at the characteristic interpolation points

From the channel-specific setting data of the circularity test (circle radius and traversing
velocity), the control calculates the acceleration values of the characteristic interpolation points.
Channel-specific setting data

The channel-specific setting data for circle radius and velocities apply to all machine axes with
active friction compensation with adaptive characteristics that are channel axes of the channel
in question. They are already assigned typical values. In necessary, they can be adapted
machine-specifically.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Circle radius
A circle is traversed with the parameterized radius in the automatically generated circularity
tests program:
● Linear axes
SD55820 $SCS_FRICT_OPT_RADIUS = <radius>
● Rotary axes
SD55821 $SCS_FRICT_OPT_RADIUS_ROT = <radius>
Traversing velocities
In the circularity test, the machine axes are traversed in each of the up to nine measurement
sections with the velocity parameterized in the setting data:
● Linear axes
SD55822$SCS_FRICT_OPT_FEED[ 0 ... 8 ] = <velocity 1 ... 9>
● Rotary axes
SD55823 $SCS_FRICT_OPT_FEED_ROT[ 0 ... 8 ] = <velocity 1 ... 9>
Note
● If fewer than nine characteristic interpolation points ( 1 ... n ) are required, the velocity zero
must be entered in each of the corresponding array elements for all unneeded characteristic
interpolation points ( (n+1) ... 9 ).
● If the velocity is equal to zero in an array element, no following array element must contain
a velocity that is not equal to zero.
Direction of rotation
In the circularity test with two axes, the direction of rotation of the circle is defined with:
SD55828 $SCS_FRICT_OPT_DIR_MINUS = <direction of rotation>

The acceleration a at the characteristic interpolation point n is calculated by the control from
the setting data for the circle radius r and the path velocity vn-1: an = vn-12 / r
0' 6'6&6B)5,&7B237B)(('>Q@

0$B)5,&7B$'$37B7$%/(B$&&(/>Q@ 6'6&6B)5,&7B237B5$',86
where n = 1, 2, 3, ... 9
For acceleration a at characteristic interpolation point n = 0, the value zero is always entered:
MD32581 $MA_FRICT_ADAPT_TABLE_ACCEL[ 0 ] = 0
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
5.9.2.4 Velocity setpoint pulse

Determination of the characteristic parameters for the velocity setpoint pulses and calculation
of the corresponding machine data is fully supported by the user interface (Page 334). We
therefore advise against determining the characteristic parameters or writing the machine data
manually.
Velocity setpoint pulse
PPPLQ_PLQ

Figure 5-23 Basic pulse shape
The numbers (①, ②, ...) stated in the following tables refer to the figure above.
Acceleration-independent parameters
No. Machine data Description

① - Trigger time or acceleration of the axes from stand‐
still
③ MD32572 $MA_FRICT_V_PULSE_DE‐ Delay time
LAY_TIME
④ MD32575 Time constant T of the rise time,
$MA_FRICT_V_PULSE_SMOOTH_TIME after 5 * T ⇒ output value ≈ input value
Maximum values of the acceleration-dependently adaptable parameters

② MD32571 $MA_FRICT_VELO_STEP Amplitude
⑤ MD32573 Active time
$MA_FRICT_V_PULSE_CONST_TIME
⑥ MD32574 $MA_FRICT_V_PULSE_DE‐ Decay time
CAY_TIME
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Weighting factors for acceleration-dependent adaptation of the maximum values
Table 5-1 Lower reversal point
Machine data Description

MD32582 Weighting factor for the amplitude
$MA_FRICT_ADAPT_V_STEP_PLUS[ 0 ... 9 ]
MD32584 Weighting factor for the action time
$MA_FRICT_ADAPT_V_CONST_PLUS[ 0 ... 9 ]
MD32586 $MA_FRICT_ADAPT_V_DE‐ Weighting factor for the decay time
CAY_PLUS[ 0 ... 9 ]
Table 5-2 Upper reversal point

MD32583 $MA_FRICT_ADAPT_V_STEP_MI‐ Weighting factor for the amplitude
NUS[ 0 ... 9 ]
MD32585 $MA_FRICT_ADAPT_V_CONST_MI‐ Weighting factor for the action time
NUS[ 0 ... 9 ]
MD32587 $MA_FRICT_ADAPT_V_DECAY_MI‐ Weighting factor for the decay time
NUS[ 0 ... 9 ]
Calculation of the characteristic parameters

The commissioning engineer must determine the optimum values for amplitude, action time,
and decay time for the velocity setpoint pulse for different acceleration values during the
circularity test (Page 334). On completion of the circularity test, the control will calculate the
resulting characteristic parameters (maximum values, characteristic interpolation points, and
weighting factors) and write them into the corresponding machine data.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Example: Amplitude characteristic for the lower reversal point

● Maximum value
0'
0$B)5,&7B9(/2B67(3 PD[^$PSOLWXGH$PSOLWXGH$PSOLWXGH`
● Weighting factors
0' $PSOLWXGH>Q@
0$B)5,&7B$'$37B9B67(3B3/86>Q@ 0'0$B)5,&7B9(/2B67(3
● Effective interpolation points

The effective interpolation points of the amplitude characteristics are the interpolation points
to which the following applies:
– MD32581 $MA_FRICT_ADAPT_TABLE_ACCEL[ <interpolation point> ] ≠ 0
(acceleration)
– MD32582 $MA_FRICT_ADAPT_V_STEP_PLUS[ <interpolation point> ] ≠ 0 (weighting
factor)
The amplitude of the velocity setpoint pulse of an effective interpolation point is calculated
as:
$PSOLWXGH>Q@ 0D[LPXPYDOXH ZHLJKWLQJIDFWRU>Q@
0'0$B)5,&7B9(/2B67(3
0'0$B)5,&7B$'$37B9B67(3B3/86>Q@
Note
Vertical offset of a characteristic
Subsequent vertical displacement of a characteristics is most easily achieved by changing the
corresponding maximum value in the machine data.
5.9.2.5 Torque setpoint pulse

Determination of the characteristic parameters for the torque setpoint pulses and calculation
of the corresponding machine data is not supported directly by the user interface. We therefore
advise determining the characteristic parameters or writing the machine data manually
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Torque setpoint pulse
1P

Figure 5-24 Basic pulse shape
The numbers (①, ②, ...) stated in the following tables refer to the figure above.
Acceleration-independent parameters

① - Trigger time or acceleration of the axes from stand‐
still
③ MD32577 $MA_FRICT_T_PULSE_DE‐ Delay time
LAY_TIME
④ MD32578 Rise time
$MA_FRICT_T_PULSE_SMOOTH_TIME
Maximum values of the acceleration-dependently adaptable amplitude

② MD32576 $MA_FRICT_TORQUE_STEP Amplitude
Weighting factors for acceleration-dependent adaptation of the maximum value

MD32588 $MA_FRICT_ADAPT_T_STEP[ 0 ... 9 ] Weighting factor for the amplitude
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Commissioning (manual)
Requirement
The circularity test (Page 334) for determining the characteristic parameter was already been
successfully performed completely or at least for the current measuring step.
Note
Determining the characteristic parameters
● The characteristic parameters for the torque setpoint pulse are most simply determined in
the circularity test (Page 334) of the user interface:
● Operating area: "Commissioning" > "NC" > "Friction compensation"
● The machine data are most simply set via the data list of the circularity test:
Operating area: "Commissioning" > "NC" > "Friction compensation" > "Data list" vertical
softkey
Assumption
The circularity tests has been started, measuring step 1 is active.
Recommended procedure
1. Initialization of the weighting factors:
– MD32588 $MA_FRICT_ADAPT_T_STEP[ 0 ] = 1
– MD32588 $MA_FRICT_ADAPT_T_STEP[ 1 ... 9 ] = 0
Note: For all measuring steps, the weighting factor with index 0 is used.
2. Setting the amplitude for the current measuring step:
– MD32576 $MA_FRICT_TORQUE_STEP = <amplitude>
3. Determining the changed contour deviation in the circle diagram.
4. Optimization of the amplitude value by changing in MD32576
$MA_FRICT_TORQUE_STEP and checking in the circle diagram.
5. Recording the amplitude value for this measuring step for subsequent determination of the
maximum value or the weighting factor of the measuring step.
6. Switching on to the next measuring step and continuing with point 2 until the amplitude
values have been determined for all measuring steps.
7. Determining the maximum value from the recorded amplitude values and entering them in
the machine data:
0'0$B)5,&7B72548(B67(3 PD[^$PSOLWXGH$PSOLWXGH$PSOLWXGH`
8. Calculation of the weighting factors for all active interpolation points from the recorded
amplitude values and entering them in the machine data:
0' $PSOLWXGH>Q@
0$B)5,&7B$'$37B7B67(3>Q@ 0'0$B)5,&7B72548(B67(3
That completes commissioning of the amplitude characteristic for the torque setpoint pulse.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
Optional
Setting the parameters that are independent of acceleration:
● MD32577 $MA_FRICT_T_PULSE_DELAY_TIME
● MD32578 $MA_FRICT_T_PULSE_SMOOTH_TIME
Effective interpolation points

The effective interpolation points of the amplitude characteristics are the interpolation points
to which the following applies:
● MD32581 $MA_FRICT_ADAPT_TABLE_ACCEL[ <interpolation point> ] ≠ 0 (acceleration)
● MD32583 $MA_FRICT_ADAPT_T_STEP[ <interpolation point> ] ≠ 0 (weighting factor)
The amplitude of the torque setpoint pulse of an effective interpolation point is calculated as:
$PSOLWXGH>Q@ 0D[LPXPYDOXH ZHLJKWLQJIDFWRU>Q@

0' 0'
0$B)5,&7B72548(B67(3 0$B)5,&7B$'$37B7B67(3>Q@
Note
Vertical offset of the characteristic
Subsequent vertical displacement of the amplitude characteristic is most easily achieved by
changing the corresponding maximum value in the machine data.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
5.10 Compensation functions for suspended axes
5.10.1 Electronic counterweight
Axis without counterweight

For axes that have a weight load without counterweight, then after the brake is released, the
hanging (suspended) axis drops and the following response is obtained:
= %UDNHKROGV=
%UDNHUHOHDVHVFRQWUROOHUHQDEOHSXOVHHQDEOH
$[LV=VDJV
$IWHUVRPHWLPHWKHFRQWUROPDLQWDLQVWKHD[LVDW
WKHSRVLWLRQ
)HHGGULYH
%UDNH = 'LVWDQFH
=
G]
= 7RUTXH
:HLJKW
G]
Figure 5-25 Drop of a hanging axis without counterweight
"Electronic counterweight" function

A hanging (suspended) axis can almost be completely prevented from dropping (sagging)
using the "electronic counterweight" function.
The electronic counterweight prevents axes with a weight load from sagging when the closed-
loop control is switched on. After releasing the brake, the constant counterweight torque
maintains the position of the vertical axis.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
= %UDNHKROGV=
%UDNHUHOHDVHVFRQWUROOHUHQDEOHSXOVHHQDEOH
FRXQWHUZHLJKWWRUTXH
$[LV=VWD\VLQSRVLWLRQ
)HHGGULYH
%UDNH = 'LVWDQFH
=
G] a
= 7RUTXH
:HLJKW
G] a
Figure 5-26 Lowering of a vertical axis with electronic weight compensation
Commissioning
Note
The "electronic counterweight" is commissioned through the drive!
Reference
For additional information, see the following:
SINAMICS S120 Function Manual Drive Functions
5.10.2 Special function: Reboot delay
Function
For changes, for example, to machine data values to become effective, the NC must be
restarted. This is done, for example, on the user interface by triggering an NC reset. If there
are suspended axes on the machine, failure of the closed-loop control while the control is
starting will result in the axes failing to maintain height.
With the "Reboot delay" function, the request to reboot the NC (NC reset) is communicated to
the NC via the operator interface as previously. Rebooting, during which the closed-loop control
of the axes is deactivated, is then delayed on the NC by a time that can be parameterized.
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
During this time, user-specific actions, such engaging the holding brakes of the suspended
axes, are performed.
Note
The reboot delay is only effective on a request to reboot the NC (NC reset) via the user
interface.
In the case of a power-on reset by switching the control off and on again, pressing the reset
button on the front of the NCU, or power failure, a parameterized reboot delay time will have
no effect.
Alarm 2900 "Reboot after a delay"

When a reboot request is detected, alarm 2900 "Reboot after a delay" is triggered.
Alarm responses
The following responses are triggered by the alarm 2900:
● The NC/PLC interface signals are reset:
– DB11 DBX 6.3 = 0 (mode group ready) ; all mode groups
– DB21, … DBX 36.5 = 0 (channel ready) for all channels
– DB31, … DBX 61.2 = 0 (axis ready) for all channels
● Braking the axis / spindles at the current limit.
For further details, see machine data:
– MD36610 $MA_AX_EMERGENCY_STOP_TIME (braking ramp time when errors
occur)
– MD36620 $MA_SERVO_DISABLE_DELAY_TIME (OFF delay of the controller enable)
The NC/PLC interface signal "NC ready" remains set:
DB10 DBX108.7 == 1
Alarm suppression
With the machine data, display of the alarm 2900 "Reboot after a delay" will be suppressed
on the user interface:
MD11410 $MN_SUPPRESS_ALARM_MASKBit 20 = 1
The alarm responses are not affected by this.
Controlling holding brakes

During the reboot operation of the PLC, the PLC outputs defined as 0 are reset. Control of the
holding brakes must therefore be connected on the user side in such a way that the brakes
engage or remain engaged on a control signal == 0 and are released or remain released on
a control signal == 1.
The reboot delay time is set in machine data:
MD10088 $MN_REBOOT_DELAY_TIME = <reboot delay time>
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
5.11 Data lists
If the parameterized reboot delay time is 0.0, the function is deactivated.
System variables
The time remaining until the NC is rebooted can be read in the system variable:
$AN_REBOOT_DELAY_TIME
While no request for a reboot of the NC (NC reset) has been triggered from the user interface,
the system variable has the value 0.0.
A value greater than 0.0 indicates that a reboot request (NC reset) has been triggered from
the user interface and also the time remaining in the NC or PLC until the reboot.
Application example
Evaluating the system variables in a static synchronized action
Condition part: Check for a value greater than 0.0 because then a request for a reboot of the
NC (NC reset) has been made from the user interface.
Action part: e.g. triggering "safe standstill" as part of the "Safety Integrated" function.
5.11 Data lists
5.11.1 Machine data

10050 SYSCLOCK_CYCLE_TIME Basic system clock cycle
10070 IPO_SYSCLOCK_TIME_RATIO Factor for interpolator clock cycle
10082 CTRLOUT_LEAD_TIME Shift of setpoint transfer time
10083 CTRLOUT_LEAD_TIME_MAX Maximum permissible setting for shift of setpoint trans‐
fer time
10088 REBOOT_DELAY_TIME Reboot delay
18342 MM_CEC_MAX_ POINTS[t] Maximum number of interpolation points of sag com‐
pensation

20150 GCODE_RESET_VALUES Reset G groups
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
5.11 Data lists

32450 BACKLASH Backlash
32452 BACKLASH_FACTOR Weighting factor for backlash
32456 BACKLASH_DYN Compensation value for the dynamic backlash com‐
pensation
32457 BACKLASH_DYN_MAX_VELO Limitation of the dynamic backlash compensation value
change
32490 FRICT_COMP_MODE Type of friction compensation
32500 FRICT_COMP_ENABLE Friction compensation active
32510 FRICT_COMP_ADAPT_ENABLE Friction compensation adaptation active
32520 FRICT_COMP_CONST_MAX Maximum friction compensation value
32530 FRICT_COMP_CONST_MIN Minimum friction compensation value
32540 FRICT_COMP_TIME Friction compensation time constant
32550 FRICT_COMP_ACCEL1 Adaptation acceleration value 1
32610 VELO_FFW_WEIGHT Feedforward control factor for velocity/speed feedfor‐
ward control
32620 FFW_MODE Feedforward control mode
32630 FFW_ACTIVATION_MODE Activate feedforward control from program
32650 AX_INERTIA Inertia for torque feedforward control
32700 ENC_COMP_ENABLE Interpolatory compensation
32710 CEC_ENABLE Enabling of sag compensation
32711 CEC_SCALING_SYSTEM_METRIC System of units for sag compensation
32720 CEC_MAX_SUM Maximum compensation value for sag compensation
32730 CEC_MAX_VELO Change of velocity during sag compensation
32750 TEMP_COMP_TYPE Temperature compensation type
32760 COMP_ADD_VELO_FACTOR Velocity increase as a result of compensation
32711 CEC_SCALING_SYSTEM_METRIC System of units for sag compensation
32800 EQUIV_CURRCTRL_TIME Equivalent time constant current control loop for feed‐
forward control
32810 EQUIV_SPEEDCTRL_TIME Equivalent time constant speed control loop for feed‐
forward control
32910 DYN_MATCH_TIME Time constant for dynamic response adaptation
36500 ENC_CHANGE_TOL Maximum tolerance for position actual value switchover
38000 MM_ENC_COMP_MAX_POINTS Number of interpolation points with interpolatory com‐
pensation
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
5.11 Data lists
5.11.2 Setting data

41300 CEC_TABLE_ENABLE[t] Enable evaluation of beam sag compensation
table
41310 CEC_TABLE_WEIGHT[t] Weighting factor for beam sag compensation ta‐
ble

43900 TEMP_COMP_ABS_VALUE Position-independent temperature compensation value
43910 TEMP_COMP_SLOPE Gradient for position-dependent temperature compen‐
sation
43920 TEMP_COMP_REF_POSITION Reference position for position-dependent temperature
compensation
5.11.3 Signals

NC Ready DB10.DBX108.7 DB2700.DBX2.7
5.11.3.2 Signals from mode group

Mode group ready DB11.DBX6.3 DB3100.DBX0.3

Channel ready DB21, ... .DBX36.5 DB330x.DBX4.5
Extended Functions
K3: Compensations
5.11 Data lists

Activate dynamic backlash compensation DB31, ... .DBX25.0 DB380x.DBX5001.0

Referenced/synchronized 1 DB31, ... .DBX60.4 DB390x.DBX0.4
Referenced/synchronized 2 DB31, ... .DBX60.5 DB390x.DBX0.5
Axis ready DB31, ... .DBX61.2 DB390x.DBX1.2
Dynamic backlash compensation active DB31, ... .DBX102.0 DB390x.DBX5006.0
Extended Functions
K5: Channel synchronization, axis interchange 6
6.1 Channel synchronization
6.1.1 Channel synchronization (program coordination)
Function
For example, for double-slide machining or real-time actions, the possibility for the
synchronization of the machining between channels must be present. The channels affected
shall perform certain processing procedures time-matched.
To allow this machining, the relevant channels must be joined to form a synchronization group
(mode group).
The channel synchronization is made only with the NC language.
Preconditions
The relevant channels must belong to the same mode group.
Programming
There are special statements (commands) for the channel synchronization. In each case, they
are listed in one block.
Table 6-1 Program coordination statements
Statement Meaning
INIT (<channel-no.>, <path specification>, <acknowledge‐ Selection of a program for processing in a certain channel:
ment mode>) <channel no.>: Number of channel
<path specification>: An absolute or relative path to the
NC program
<acknowledgement Acknowledgement mode:
mode>: N (without) or S (synchronous)
CLEAR (<program name>) Deletion of a program by indicating the program name.
START(<channel no.>, <channel no.>, ... ) Starting the selected programs in other channels.
<channel no.>, ...: Enumeration of the channel num‐
bers
Extended Functions
K5: Channel synchronization, axis interchange
Statement Meaning
WAITM (<marker no.>, <channel no.>, <channel no.>, ...) Unconditional wait: When a WAITM() call is reached, the
axes of the current channel are decelerated and a wait made
in the other channels to be synchronized until the marker
number specified in the call is reached. The group is
synchronized when the other channels are also decelerated
as they reach their WAITM() command. The synchronized
channels then continue operation.
<marker no.>: The tag number must be the same
in all channels.
<channel no.>, ...: Enumeration of the channel num‐
bers (the own channel does not
need to be specified).
WAITE (<channel no.>, <channel no.>, ...) Waits for the end of program of the specified channels (cur‐
rent channel not specified).
WAITMC (<marker no.>, <channel no.>, <channel no.>, ...) Conditional wait in path controlled operation for the specified
wait marker from the specified channels. The current chan‐
nel can be specified, but this is optional.
When processing continues after the wait marks from the
other channels in the group have arrived, the wait marks of
these channels are deleted.
SETM (<marker no.>, (<marker no.>, ...) Set the wait markers for conditional wait with WAITMC() for
the channel specified in the SETM(). The channel thus de‐
clares its wait characteristics for the partner channels as
fulfilled.
The command can be activated in synchronized actions. Up
to 10 marks (0-9) can be set using one command.
CLEARM (<marker no.>, (<marker no.>, ...) Cleat the wait markers for conditional wait with WAITMC()
for the channel specified in the CLEARM(). The channel thus
declares to its partner channels that its wait characteristic is
fulfilled.
The command can be activated in synchronized actions. Up
to 10 marks (0 - 9) can be deleted using one command.
Note
For further information about WAITMC and SETM, see Section "Channel synchronization:
Conditional wait in path controlled operation (Page 354)".
Note
A maximum of 100 markers (marker 0 ... 99) are available in a multi-channel system.
A single-channel system only has marker 0.
Example: Unconditional wait with WAITM

Channel 1: Program /_N_MPF_DIR/_N_MPF100_MPF is selected.

N10 INIT(2,"MPF200","N")
Extended Functions

N11 START(2)
... ; Machining in channel 1
N80 WAITM(1,1,2) ; Wait until wait marker 1 is reached in channels 1
and 2.
... ; Additional machining in channel 1.
N180 WAITM(2,1,2) ; Wait until wait marker 2 is reached in channels 1
and 2.
N200 WAITE(2) ; Wait for the end of program of channel 2
N201 M30 ; End of program of channel 1, total end.
Channel 2: The INIT command (see N10 in _N_MPF100_MPF) selects the _N_MPF200_MPF
program for execution in channel 2.

;$PATH=/_N_MPF_DIR
... ; Machining in channel 2
N70 WAITM(1,1,2) ; Wait until wait marker 1 is reached in channels 1 and 2.
N270 WAITM(2,1,2) ; Wait until wait marker 2 is reached in channels 1 and 2.
N400 M30 ; End of program in channel 2.
1 1
:$,70 :$,70
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03) 1
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1 1 1

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Extended Functions
6.1.2 Channel synchronization: Conditional wait in path controlled operation
Function
For the conditional wait with WAITMC, deceleration and waiting is made only when not all
channels to be coordinated have set their marker numbers for a synchronization.
The instants in time for generating wait marks and the conditional wait calls are decoupled.
Note
Markers can also be set for notification between channels when deceleration and waiting is
not planned (no WAITMC command). In this case, the markers of the channel receive their
values via Reset and NC Start.
Prerequisites
To use the conditional wait with WAITMC with reduced wait times:
● G64 path controlled operation must be set.
● The "LookAhead" function must be active.
Note
If exact stop (G60, G09) is selected, waiting with WAITMC() corresponds to waiting with
WAITM().
Braking behavior
Starting with the motion block before the WAITMC() call, the wait markers of the other channels
to be synchronized are checked. If these are already available, machining continues without
braking (no wait):
Y
:$,70&
Figure 6-1 Change of the path velocity for the conditional waiting with WAITC: Wait markers for all
channels already available
Extended Functions
If the wait marker for a channel to be synchronized is missing, braking will be started. During
braking, a check is made in each interpolator clock cycle as to whether the still missing wait
markers for the channels to be synchronized have arrived in the meantime. In this case, a
further acceleration to the path velocity is made and machining continues:
Y
:$,70&
Figure 6-2 Change of the path velocity for the conditional waiting with WAITC: The last wait marker
arrives during the braking
If the path velocity has been braked to zero before the expected markers of the channels to
be synchronized have arrived, the machining stops until the missing markers have arrived.
When the last expected marker arrives, acceleration resumes from standstill to the path
velocity:
Y
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Figure 6-3 Change of the path velocity for the conditional waiting with WAITC: The last wait marker
arrives after the braking
Block change in the braking ramp

If the IPOBRKA (block change possible in the braking ramp) motion criterion is active, the
arrival of the wait marker causes an instantaneous switch to the next block and the axes started.
If the marker has not yet been reached or some other motion criterion prevents the block
change, braking continues.
Example: Conditional wait in path controlled operation

The example is schematic and shows only those commands that are relevant to the
synchronization process.
Extended Functions
Channel 1:

%100
N10 INIT(2, "_N_200_MPF","n") ; Select partner program channel 2.
N11 INIT(3,"_N_300_MPF","n") ; Select partner program channel 3.
N15 START(2,3) ; Start programs in channels 2, 3.
... ; Machining in channel 1.
N20 WAITMC(7,2,3) ; Wait conditionally for marker 7 from channels 2
and 3.
... ; Further machining in channel 1.
N40 WAITMC(8,2) ; Conditional wait for marker 8 from channel 2.
N70 M30 ; End channel 1.
Channel 2:

%200
N200 ; Machining in channel 2.
N210 SETM(7) ; Channel 2 sets wait marker 7.
N250 SETM(8) ; Channel 2 sets wait marker 8.
Channel 3:

%300
...
N350 WHEN <condition> DO SETM(7) ; Set wait marker in a synchronous action.
Extended Functions
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Figure 6-4 Conditional wait in path controlled operation with three involved channels (schematic)
Example: WAITMC and read-in disable

M555 is output in channel 3 while the axis is traversing and generates a read-in disabled (RID).
Because the WAITMC is added to block N312, the wait marker is set and channel 2 continues
to travel. The read-in disable causes the program processing in channel 3 to stop.
Note
For active G64, a WAITMC(...) block does not create its own block but is added to the previous
block. A drop in velocity must be prevented when continuous-path mode is active. A WAITMC
is therefore fulfilled if the preceding block is halted, e.g. by a read-in disable.
Channel 2:

N112 G18 G64 X200 Z200 F567 ; Machining in channel 2.
Extended Functions

N120 WAITMC(1,2,3) ; Wait conditionally for marker 1 from channels 2
and 3.
... ; Further machining in channel 2 because the WAITMC
is added to block N312.
Channel 3:
Comment
; During travel, M555 read-in inhibit.
N312 G18 G64 D1 X180 Z300 M555
N320 WAITMC(1,2,3) ; Wait because of ELSP.
6.1.3 Running-in channel-by-channel
Function
The "channel-by-channel running-in" function is used to test or run-in the NC programs of one
or more channels that are synchronized with each other. The programmed traversing
movements of the channel to be run-in result in real axis movements on the machine. The
other channels involved in the processing are in the "program test" state. The following applies
for these channels:
● An internal axis disable is set for all axes and spindles of the channel.
● Identical setpoints are generated as for normal operation, but they are not output on the
machine axes of the channel.
● The actual values of the machine axes are generated internally from the setpoints.
● The commands for the channel synchronization as well as the NC/PLC interface signals
are processed normally.
● The processing time of the program is the same as in normal operation.
The "program test" state can be suppressed temporarily when required. The setpoints are then
output again on the machine axes so that they are really traversed on the machine.
Extended Functions
Sequence
Normally, a channel moves a tool in the working area. If several channels are each moving a
tool in the same working area, the tool movements must be synchronized. The following
synchronizations are possible:
● Channel synchronization via the program coordination commands WAITM, WAITMC, WAITE,
START.
● Channel synchronization via the PLC user program and NC/PLC interface signals. For
example, via M function output from the channel to the PLC and read-in disable from the
PLC to the channel.
● Axis interchange: The channel waits until the other channel relinquishes the axis.
● Synchronization by means of global variables in the NC program.
● Cross-channel couplings
● Axis container rotation
● Testing the program including the parallel synchronized actions in the main run and
synchronization of the synchronized actions with the channel.
Under these general conditions, it is almost impossible to just start one channel - it would
remain stationary at the first synchronization location.
With the "channel-by-channel running-in" function, all channels of the group can be started,
and only a few channels, generally just one channel, actually moves its axes. The other
channels are then in the "program test" state.
This is the reason why users must define the channels in which they do not want any motion.
This is made from the user interface in the "Program controls" menu. When selected, the
following channel-specific signal is set in the HMI/PLC interface:
DB21, ... DBX25.7 = 1 (program test selected)
The activation is then made using the channel-specific NC/PLC interface signal:
DB21, ... DBX1.7 = 1 (activate program test)
The feedback signal is sent via the interface signal:
DB21, ... DBX33.7 == 1 (program test active)
Further, for a successful operation, it may be necessary that several axes/spindles - especially
spindles - are actually physically operated, although their channel is in the "program test" state.
The following axis-specific NC/PLC interface signal is used for this purpose:
DB31, ... DBX14.0 (suppress program test)
Example
A system comprises a main spindle and counterspindle. Two slides can operate on both the
main spindle and counterspindle. Each slide is controlled from a separate channel. The main
spindle is in channel 1, the counterspindle in channel 2. Channel 1 is tested and channel 2 is
disabled using the channel-specific NC/PLC interface signal DB21, ... DBX1.7 (activate
program test). The two workpiece spindles - main spindle and counterspindle - play somewhat
of a "special role". A workpiece can be machined, without having to absolutely traverse the
workpiece spindle in real terms in the channel. This is the reason why it is necessary that both
Extended Functions
workpiece spindles or both workpiece spindle aggregates actually move in real terms (where
relevant, including axes at the workpiece).
Note
The "program test" state can only be activated/deactivated in the stopped channel state.
However, the axis-specific NC/PLC interface signal "suppress program test" can always be
activated.
System variables
The "program test" state can be interrogated using system variables:
● For the display in the user interface, in synchronized actions or with a preprocessing stop
in the part program via the system variables:
$AC_ISTEST "Program test" state for the channel

Supplies TRUE (1), if the "program test" state for the channel is active.
$AA_ISTEST[<n>] "Program test" state for the axis <n>
Supplies TRUE (1), if the "program test" state for axis <n> is active.
● Without preprocessing stop in the part program via the system variable:
$P_ISTEST Supplies TRUE (1), if the "program test" state for the channel is active.
Example
The channel runs under "program test" and axis "C" was withdrawn using "suppress program
test". A query using system variables then supplies the following result:
$AC_ISTEST == TRUE
$P_ISTEST == TRUE
$AA_ISTEST[C] == FALSE
Axis interchange
The "axis interchange" function allows that an axis/spindle is known in several channels and
can be programmed by these alternately (see Section "Axis replacement (Page 363)").
Extended Functions
In conjunction with the functions "program test" and "channel-by-channel running-in", the
following must be observed for an axis interchange:
● If only one of the channels is in the "program test" state, then the interchanged axis is taken
from this channel and is inserted in a channel that is not in the "program test" state. For an
interchanged axis with active axis disable, for a change via the channels with/without
channel state "program test", then the state in the axis itself does not change (see example
3).
● For a program test, for end of part program/reset, for all axes/spindles that do not
interpolate, resynchronization is made at the actual servo position. As a consequence, for
an axis interchange that is first made after the end of the program, as the axis may only
exit the channel at the end of the program, the simulated position reached is not transferred
to the accepting channel.
Note
The programs should also include a WAIT tag at the end in order that they are
simultaneously exited.
Examples
Example 1: Channel 2 is to be tested in a 3-channel system.

Test option 1: Program test without SERUPRO
1. The user decides which axes/spindles should actually be physically traversed. "Suppress
program test" is set for these axes.
2. The "program test" state is selected for channels 1 and 3.
3. Channels 1, 2 and 3 are started via the PLC.
4. "Program test" can be selected again after the end of the program.
5. If the actual setting of "suppress program test" is also practical for other situations (channel
1 or channel 3 are to be tested), then this signal can remain set. This is certainly practical
in many cases.
Test option 2: Program test with SERUPRO
1. The user decides which axes/spindles should actually be physically traversed. "Suppress
program test" is set for these axes.
2. The "program test" state is selected for channels 1 and 3.
3. Channels 1, 2 and 3 are started via the PLC.
4. A fault or an alarm occurs, the user interrupts with RESET.
5. SERUPRO at the interruption location of all 3 channels.
6. Search destination has been reached in all 3 channels.
7. Start all 3 channels.
8. Channels 1 and 3 are now again in "program test" and "channel-by-channel running-in" is
continued.
Extended Functions
Example 2: Activating "suppress program test"

A channel is in program test. In operation, "suppress program test" should be initiated for axis
"Y" (at block N1010).

N1000 G0 Y1000
N1010 G4 F10
N1020 G0 G91 Y=10 ; Incremental traversing.
N1030 M30
With this sequence, the program moves to position 1010, i.e. the simulated component "1000"
of this axis is moved after activating "suppress program test".
Example 3: Program test and axis interchange

Axis X1 from channel 1 and axis X2 from channel 2 are assigned to the first machine axis AX1
of the NC.
Channel 1 with "Program test" Channel 2 without "Program test"

N10010 G0 G90 X0
N10020 X1=100
N10030 WAITM(91,1,2)
N10040 WAITM(92,1,2)
N10050 M0
N10060 M30
N20010 WAITM(91,1,2)
N20020 G91 G0 X2=10
N20030 WAITM(92,1,2)
N20040 M0
N20050 M30
In block N20040, machine axis AX1 is interchanged to channel 2, the last position of the axis
from channel 1 is taken over and the axis traversed to position 110.
References
For information on the program test, see:
Function Manual Basic Functions; K1: Mode Group, Channel, Program Operation, Reset
Response
Extended Functions
6.2 Axis replacement
MDI mode: Path control mode and WAITMC

In the MDI mode, when starting to execute the MDI block buffer, it is not permissible that the
WAITMC in conjunction with the path control mode (G64/G604), is located in the last block of
the MDI block buffer. Otherwise the program will stop at the last but one traversing block, and
can only be continued with a reset.
Example: MDI block buffer before NC start

N10 G64 G1 G94 F5000 X100 ; NC starts with N10 as first block
N20 X200
N30 X300 ; Program stops with N30 !!!
N40 X400
N50 WAITMC(...)
6.2.1 Overview
Note
Spindles
The following statements and functions regarding the "axis replacement" function for axes also
apply to spindles.
Each axis must be assigned to a channel during control commissioning. The axis can only be
traversed, for example, by part programs or synchronized actions from the channel to which
the axis is assigned. With the "axis replacement" function, it is possible to enable an axis and
to allocate it to another channel, that is, to replace the axis. Only than can the axis be traversed
by another channel.
Axis states
As part of the "axis replacement" function, an axis can have the following states:
● "Channel axis"
A channel axis is an axis that is assigned to a channel. It can be traversed via a part program
or manually.
● "PLC axis"
A PLC axis is an axis that is assigned to the PLC. It can only be traversed by the PLC user
program or function block FC18.
Extended Functions
● "Neutral axis"
A neutral axis is an axis that is not currently assigned to a channel or the PLC. Before
traversing, it must first be requested by a channel or the PLC.
● "Axis in another channel"
An axis is in this state if a channel has requested the axis. However, it could not yet be
assigned to it because it is still occupied by another channel.
6.2.2 Commissioning

● General parameterization of the axis replacement form
MD10722 $MN_AXCHANGE_MASK
Channel-specific machine data

● Parameterization of which axes belong to the channel or are channel axes:
MD20070 $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[<channel axis>] = <machine axis>
Note: Assignment of all axes used in the NC must be performed in any case as channel
axes of one or more channels, irrespective of the "axis replacement" function.

● If an axis is a channel axis in multiple channels, the machine data defines to which channel
the axis is assigned after control startup (power-on reset):
MD30550 $MA_AXCONF_ASSIGN_MASTER_CHAN[<channel>] = <channel number>
The parameterized channel is the master channel of the axis.
● Parameterization of the response if an axis is programmed in a part program and the axis
is not currently assigned to the channel:
– Display an alarm and do not traverse the axis.
– Automatically requesting the axis according to the command GET (Page 365)
– Automatically requesting the axis according to the command GETD (Page 365)
MD30552 $MA_AUTO_GET_TYPE[<axis>] = <response>
System variable
Axis-specific system variable
● Axis type in relation to axis replacement:
$AA_AXCHANGE_TYP[<axis>]
● Axis replacement status of the axis:
$AA_AXCHANGE_STAT[<axis>]
Extended Functions
6.2.3 Programming: Releasing an axis (RELEASE)
Function
An axis that is assigned to the current channel is released for an axis interchange via the
predefined RELEASE() procedure and put into the "neutral axis" state for this purpose.
Syntax
RELEASE(<axis1>[, axis2 ... axis15])
Meaning
RELEASE: Release axis for axis interchange

Preprocessing Yes
stop:
Alone in the Yes
block:
<axis>: Axis: Channel axis name of the releasing axis
Spindle: Channel axis name of the releasing spindle or conversion of the spindle num‐
ber in the channel axis names by means of SPI(<spindle number>)
Type: AXIS
No enable possible
● The axis is involved in a transformation.
● The axis belongs to an axis grouping.
Guide axis of a gantry grouping

If the guide axis of a gantry grouping is released, all synchronous axes are also released.
6.2.4 Programming: Fetching an axis (GET, GETD)
Requesting axis interchange (GET):
Function
With the predefined GET() procedure, an axis is requested for the same channel.
In the channel, to which the axis is currently assigned, the axis must be released in a part
program or synchronized action for axis interchange with RELEASE().
After axis interchange, the axis has "channel axis" status.
Extended Functions
Syntax
GET(<axis1>[, axis2 ... axis15])
Meaning
GET: Request of an axis for the current channel

Preprocessing Yes
stop:
Alone in the Yes
block:
<axis>: Axis: Channel axis name of the requested axis
Spindle: Channel axis name of the requested spindle or conversion of the spindle num‐
ber in the channel axis names by means of SPI(<spindle number>)
Type: AXIS
Axis interchange is delayed in the following situations:
● The axis has not yet been released with RELEASE by the channel to which it is assigned.
● A change of measuring system has not yet been completed.
● The change of status of the controller enable has not yet been completed (transition of rules
to follow-up/stop and vice versa).
● The NC/PLC interface signal "axis or spindle disable" is pending (DB31, ... DBX1.3 == 1)
● The current traversing movement (interpolation) of the axis has not yet been completed.
Fetching an axis directly (GETD)
Function
An axis that is not assigned to the current channel is required for the following machining
section of a part program. With the predefined procedure GETD(), the axis is fetched directly
from the channel to which the axis is assigned. For this purpose, the axis does not have to be
released by this channel with RELEASE().
After axis interchange, the axis has "channel axis" status.
Depending on the state of the axis in the relinquishing channel, a preprocessing stop is
triggered in this channel (STOPRE):
● "Channel axis" status ⇒ preprocessing stop
● "Neutral axis" status ⇒ no preprocessing stop
Extended Functions
To coordinate transfer of the axis between the channels with GETD(), we recommend using
channel synchronization (Page 351) between the requesting and the relinquishing channel.
NOTICE
Preprocessing stop in the relinquishing channel
If the axis in the relinquishing channel has "channel axis" status, a preprocessing stop will be
triggered in this channel (STOPRE):
Syntax
GETD(<axis>)
Meaning
GETD: Fetching an axis directly into the current channel

Preprocessing Yes
stop:
Alone in the Yes
block:
<axis>: Axes: Channel axis name of the requested axis
Spindles: Channel axis name of the requested spindle or conversion of the spindle
number in the channel axis names by means of SPI(<spindle number>)
Supplementary condition
If the axis has "PLC axis" status in the relinquishing channel, the axis must be released for
axis interchange by the PLC user program.
Channel reset
● If a channel reset is triggered in the channel that requested the axis, axis interchange is
canceled.
● A replaced axis remains assigned to the channel that last requested it even after a channel
reset.
6.2.5 Automatic axis replacement
Function
Automatic axis replacement or automatic fetching of an axis into the current channel is
performed if the axis is programmed in the part program or synchronized action, but it is not
assigned to the channel at the moment.
Requirement
Parameterization of automatic axis replacement by GET() or GETD():
Extended Functions
MD30552 $MA_AUTO_GET_TYPE (Page 364)
See Description (Page 365) of GETD().
Examples
Example 1

N1 M3 S1000 ; Traversing the main spindle
N2 RELEASE (SPI(1)) ; Release to neutral status
N3 S3000 ; Programming the main spindle => automatic fetching
; Behavior depending on MD30552 $MA_AUTO_GET_TYPE:
; 0 => Alarm "Wrong axis type"
; 1 => implicit GET(SPI(1))
; 2 => implicit GETD(SPI(1))
Example 2

; Machine axis AX1 ≙ channel axis X
N1 RELEASE (AX1) ; Release to neutral status
N2 G04 F2 ; Dwell time
N3 G0 X100 Y100 ; Programming axis X as a path axis
; 1 => implicit GET(AX1)
; 2 => implicit GETD(AX1)
Example 3

; Machine axis AX1 ≙ channel axis X
N1 RELEASE (AX1) ; Release to neutral status
N2 G04 F2 ; Dwell time
N3 POS (X) = 100 ; Programming axis X as a positioning axis
; 1 => implicit GET(AX1) *)
; 2 => implicit GETD(AX1) *)
*) If the axis has not yet been synchronized, a separate block is generated for automatic
fetching of the axis using (GET() or GETD().
Extended Functions
6.2.6 Axis replacement via PLC
Function
Axis replacement can be requested by the PLC user program via the NC/PLC interface:
● From an NC channel to the PLC
● From the PLC to an NC channel
● From an NC channel to another NC channel
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Axis replacement status

The current status of an axis with regard to axis replacement can be read by the PLC user
program via the NC/PLC interface.
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Extended Functions
Examples
Example 1
Axis replacement of an axis from channel 1 to channel 2 by means of RELEASE() and
GET() in part programs that are executed in each channel:
● Channel 1: RELEASE(<axis>)
● Channel 2: GET(<axis>)
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Example 2
Status change of an axis assigned to channel 1 from "NC axis" to "PLC axis" by the PLC user
program.
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Example 3
Status change of an axis assigned to channel 1 from "NC axis" via "PLC axis" to "neutral axis"
by the PLC user program.
Extended Functions
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6.2.7 Axis interchange via axis container rotation
Enabling axis container rotation

When an axis container rotation is enabled, all container axes that can be allocated to a channel
are allocated to this channel using implicitly generated GET or GETD. An axis can only be
relinquished, e.g. to another channel, after container rotation.
Note
The implicit assignment of an axis to a channel is notpossible if the axis in the state "main run
axis" (e.g. is a PLC axis). In order to be able to participate in the axis container rotation, the
axis must first exit the state.
For further explanations on the axis replacement of container axes (see Section "B3:
Distributed systems - 840D sl only (Page 75)").
Example: Axis container rotation with an implicit GET or GETD
Action Channel 1 Action Channel 2

SPOS = 180 positioned
AXCTSWE(CT 1) ; gets spindle in Channel 1
; and allows axis container rotation
Assumption:
The spindle is used in both channels and is also an axis in axis container CT 1.
Extended Functions
Activation
Axis interchange using axis container rotation and implicit GET/GETD is activated using
machine data MD10722 $MN_AXCHANGE_MASK, bit 1=1.
6.2.8 Axis replacement with and without preprocessing stop
Axis replacement extension without preprocessing stop

Instead of a GET block with a preprocessing stop, this GET request only generates an
intermediate block. In the main run, when this block is executed, the system checks whether
the states of the axes in the block match the current axis states. If they do not match, forced
reorganization can be triggered.
The following states of an axis or positioned spindle are checked for:
● The mode, either for the axis or for positioned spindle
● Setpoint position
The following states of a Spindle in speed mode are checked:
● Spindle mode: Speed mode
● Spindle speed S
● Direction of rotation M3, M4
● Gear stage M40, M41, M42, M43, M44, M45
● Master spindle at constant cutting rate.
In some instances, forced reorganization may be possible. Reorganization of the following
axes is forced in any case.
Activation
Replacement without preprocessing and checking of the current states is activated with
machine data MD10722 $MN_AXCHANGE_MASK, Bit 2=1.
Example
Activating an axis replacement without a preprocessing stop
Table 6-2
N010 M4 S1000
N011 G4 F2
N020 M5
N021 SPOS=0
N022 POS[B]=1
N023 WAITP(B) ; Axis b becomes the neutral axis
N030 X1 F10
Extended Functions
N031 X100 F500

N032 X200
N040 M3 S500
N041 G4 F2
N050 M5
N099 M30
If the spindle (axis B) is traversed immediately after block N023 as a PLC axis to 180° and
back to 1°, and then again to the neutral axis, block N040 does not trigger a preprocessing
stop nor a reorganization.
Special case: Axis replacement with preprocessing stop

Without a GET or GETD instruction having previously occurred in the main run, the spindle or
the axis can be made available again by RELEASE (axis) or WAITP (axis), for example. A
subsequent GET leads to a GET with a preprocessing stop.
6.2.9 Axis exclusively controlled from the PLC
Function
After the control boots, the axis is in the "neutral axis" state. The PLC controls it. To traverse
the axis as competing positioning axis (from the PLC via function block FC18), the axis must
first be explicitly requested from the PLC.
Note
Per machine data, the axis interchange to the PLC can be exclusively restricted to PLC
controlled axes: MD10722 $MN_AXCHANGE_MASK, Bit 3 = 1
The axis cannot be traversed from an NC part program.
Parameterizing an axis as axis that is exclusively controlled from the PLC is realized using the
axis-specific machine data:
MD30460 $MA_BASE_FUNCTION_MASK, Bit 4 = 1
Control by PLC
The traversing behavior of an axis exclusively controlled from the PLC is only influenced by
the axial NC/PLC interface signals:
● DB31, ... DBX28.1 (reset)
● DB31, ... DBX28.2 (continue)
● DB31, ... DBX28.6 (stop along braking ramp)
Extended Functions
Possible traversing functions

The following traversing functions are possible for axes exclusively controlled from the PLC:
1. Traversing in the JOG mode using the traversing keys and handwheel
2. Referencing the axis
3. Traversing as command axis via static synchronized actions
4. Traversing as asynchronous oscillating axis
5. Traversing as competing positioning axis from the PLC via FC18
After traversing functions 1. to 4. have been completed, the axis automatically goes back into
the "neutral axis" state. After traversing function 5. from the PLC has been completed, the axis
remains in the state "PLC axis". The axis only changes into the "Neutral axis" state after having
been explicitly released by the PLC.
6.2.10 Axis permanently assigned to the PLC
Function
After the control has booted, the axis is in the "neutral axis" state and is controlled from the
NC channel. To traverse the axis as competing positioning axis (from the PLC via function
block FC18), the axis does not have to be explicitly requested from the PLC. Axis interchange
to the PLC is realized automatically using the traversing request via FC18. After the traversing
motion requested via FC18 has been completed, the axis again automatically changes into
the "neutral axis" state.
After the axis has been interchanged, and after the request from the PLC, the axis can also
be controlled from the PLC: "PLC axis" state.
Note
Per machine data, the axis interchange to the PLC can be exclusively restricted to axes that
are permanently assigned to the PLC: MD10722 $MN_AXCHANGE_MASK, Bit 3 = 1
Parameterizing an axis as axis that is permanently assigned to the PLC is realized using the
axis-specific machine data:
MD30460 $MA_BASE_FUNCTION_MASK, Bit 5 = 1
Control by the PLC or NC channel

The traversing behavior of an axis permanently assigned to the PLC can either be influenced
by the NC channel or by the PLC:
Extended Functions
NC channel: Channel-specific NC/PLC interface signals (selection)

● DB21, ... DBXDBX7.1 (NC start)
● DB21, ... DBXDBX7.3 (NC stop)
● DB21, ... DBXDBX7.7 (reset)
PLC: Axial NC/PLC interface signals
● DB31, ... DBX28.1 (reset)
Possible traversing functions

The following traversing functions are possible for an axis permanently assigned to the PLC:
1. Traversing in the JOG mode using the traversing keys and handwheel
2. Referencing the axis
3. Traversing as competing positioning axis from the PLC via FC18
After traversing functions 1. to 3. have been completed, the axis automatically goes back into
the "neutral axis" state.
6.2.11 Geometry axis in rotated frame and axis replacement
Replacement expansion via Frame with Rotation

In JOG mode, a geometry axis with rotated frame can be traversed as PLC axis or as a
command axis via static synchronized actions. In order to achieve this, in machine data
MD32074 $MA_FRAME_OR_CORRPOS_NOTALLOWED, bit 10=1 must be set. The
reposition behavior of this axis is influenced via Bit 11.
Note
Before changing operational mode during JOG mode
Before changing the operational mode from JOG mode, all traverse motions of all PLC and
command axes, which have been linked as geometry axes in the rotated frame, must have
been concluded. These axes must at least have become neutral axes again, otherwise alarm
16908 will be generated when the operational mode is changed. This alarm is also generated
when only a single geometry axis is traversed as a PLC or command axis in the rotated
coordinate system.
Such an axis can only become a PLC or command axis within the channel, an axis replacement
in another channel is not allowed.
Extended Functions
Prerequisite for changing from JOG to AUTOMATIC

When changing from JOG mode to AUTOMATIC, the Condition program is interrupted and
the end point of this geometry axis motion is only taken over if in MD 32074:
FRAME_OR_CORRPOS_NOTALLOWED bit 11=1. This positions the PLC or command axes
in relation to the rotation of the frame.
All axes influenced by a rotating frame are considered as geometry axes grouping and are
handled collectively. In this way, all axes of the
● assigned to the NC program or
● all axes are neutral or
● are active as main run axes (PLC, command, or oscillation axis).
For example, if one axis is programmed with a WAITP, waiting is performed for all further axes
of the geometry axis grouping, so that these axes can collectively become neutral axes. If one
of the axes becomes a PLC axis in the main run, then all other axes of this grouping become
neutral axes.
If MD32074 $MA_FRAME_OR_CORRPOS_NOTALLOWED, bit 10 == 0 and ROT Z45 is
programmed in the NC program, then for the X and Y axes no axis interchange is possible.
This is also analogously valid for the Z axis for e.g. ROT X45 or ROT Y45 – and also in the
JOG operating mode – if a block was interrupted with this type of programming. Although in
this case the NC/PLC interface signals are set for the X and Y axes:
● DB31, ...DBX68.5 (axis interchange possible) = 1
● DB32, ...DBX68.5 (axis interchange possible) = 1
However, these are reset.
Only if MD32074 $MA_FRAME_OR_CORRPOS_NOTALLOWED, Bit 10 == 1 and no block
with this programming is being currently traversed, then in the JOG mode, these types of axes
can be interchanged.
6.2.12 Axis replacement from synchronized actions
Function
An axis can be requested with GET(axis) and be released for axis replacement with
RELEASE(axis) with a synchronous action.
Note
The axis must be assigned as a channel axis via machine data.
An axis can be transferred directly between channels to a certain channel with the NC language
command AXTOCHAN via synchronized actions or in the part program. This axis does not
have to be the same channel and it is not necessary that this channel be in possession of the
current interpolation right for the axis.
Extended Functions
Current state and interpolation right of the axis

With which axis type and interpolation right a possible axis replacement is to be performed,
can be deducted from the system variable $AA_AXCHANGE_TYP[axis].
0: The axis is assigned to the NC program
1: Axis assigned to PLC or active as command axis or oscillating axis
2: Another channel has the interpolation right.
3: Axis is neutral axis.
4: Neutral axis is controlled by the PLC.
5: Another channel has the interpolation right, axis is requested for NC program.
6: Another channel has the interpolation right, axis is requested as neutral axis.
7: Axis active for PLC or as command or oscillating axis, axis is
requested for PLC program.
8: Axis active for PLC or as command or oscillating axis, axis is
requested as neutral axis.
9: Permanently assigned PLC axis, in state of neutral axis.
10: Permanently assigned PLC axis, controlled by PLC, in state of neutral axis.
Permanently assigned PLC axis
in state of neutral axis $AA_AXCHANGE_TYP = 9 and
controlled by PLC, in state of neutral axis $AA_AXCHANGE_TYP = 10
will be assigned to PLC independently of GET and RELEASE permanently.
Whether the axis can also be replaced is displayed via the system variable
$AA_AXCHANGE_STAT[axis].
Extended Functions
State transitions GET, RELEASE from synchronous actions and when GET is completed
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For more information, please refer to:

References:
Function Manual, Synchronized Actions; Section: Actions in synchronized actions
Extended Functions
6.2.13 Axis interchange for leading axes (gantry)
Function
A closed gantry grouping is treated regarding its axes always as a unit regarding axis
interchange. This is the reason why for an axis interchange of the leading axis, an axis
interchange is simultaneously made for all synchronous axes of the gantry grouping. In addition
to the preconditions for the leading axis described in the previous chapters, the appropriate
preconditions must also be fulfilled for all synchronous axes of the gantry grouping.
Axial machine data

For an axis interchange, the following axial machine data must be set the same for all axes of
a closed gantry group:
● MD30460 $MA_BASE_FUNCTION_MASK, Bit 4 (control executing components)
● MD30460 $MA_BASE_FUNCTION_MASK, Bit 5 (assignment to components)
Axial NC/PLC interface signals

Within the scope of the axis interchange function, the following axial NC/PLC interface signals
always have the same values for all axes of a closed gantry grouping:
● DB31, ... DBX63.0 (reset executed)
● DB31, ... DBX63.1 (PLC controlled axis)
● DB31, ... DBX63.2 (axis stop active)
Axial system variable

Within the scope of the axis interchange function, the following axial system variables always
have the same values for all axes of a closed gantry group:
● $AA_AXCHANGE_TYP (axis type regarding axis interchange)
● $AA_AXCHANGE_STAT (axis status regarding axis interchange)
● $AA_SNGLAX_STAT (axis type of the individual axis)
6.2.14 State diagram

The following figure shows the states, events, actions, and state transitions for an axis for
channel 1 in relation to the "axis replacement" function.
For channel 2, the sub-states "neutral axis" and "PLC axis" are not shown for clarity's sake.
Assumption: The axis is assigned to channel 1 by default:
MD30550 $MA_AXCONF_ASSIGN_MASTER_CHAN[<axis>] = 1
Extended Functions
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Figure 6-8 State diagram: Axis replacement
Axis replacement
Synchronization with preprocessing stop

On the transition of an axis from "PLC axis," "neutral axis," or "axis in another channel" status
to "channel axis" status, synchronization with preprocessing stop and synchronization in the
fetching channel are performed. This involves:
● Axis: Accept the actual axis position
● Spindle: Accepting the current speed and current gearbox stage
Extended Functions
Axis replacement by PLC

If the part program of the channel is in one of the following sections at the time the axis
replacement (PLC → channel or channel → PLC) is requested by the PLC, axis replacement
will only be performed after this machining section has been exited:
● Continuous-path mode (G64/G640)
● Thread cutting/tapping (G33/G331/G332)
Block search with calculation

On a block search with calculation, only the commands GET, GETD, and RELEASE, which do
not cancel each other out, are output in the action block.
Example
Block search with calculation to target block N700:

...
N100 RELEASE(AX1) ; RELEASE(AX1) is collected
N110 GET(AX2) ; GET(AX2) is collected
...
N400 GET(AX1) ; GET(AX1) cancels RELEASE(AX1) =>
; RELEASE(AX1) and GET(AX1) are not saved
...
N700 ... ; Target block ≙ output: GET(AX2)
N710 RELEASE(AX2)
...
References
Basic Functions Function Manual; Section "K1: Mode Group, Channel, Program Operation,
Reset Response" > "Block search"
6.2.15 Example
Assumptions
● Channel 1: The following axes are channel axes: 1, 2, 3, 4
● Channel 2: The following axes are channel axes: 4, 5, 6
● Default assignment: Axis 4 (AX4) is assigned to channel 1 by default
Extended Functions
Channel 1
Axis names in the channel: MD20080
● $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[<channel 1>][ 0 ] = "X" ; 1st channel axis
● $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[<channel 1>][ 1 ] = "Y" ; 1st channel axis
● $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[<channel 1>][ 2 ] = "Z" ; 1st channel axis
● $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[<channel 1>][ 3 ] = "U" ; 1st channel axis
Machine axes used: MD20070
● $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[<channel 1>][ 0 ] = 1 ; 1st channel axis → axis 1
● $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[<channel 1>][ 1 ] = 2 ; 2nd channel axis → axis 2
● $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[<channel 1>][ 2 ] = 3 ; 3rd channel axis → axis 3
● $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[<channel 1>][ 3 ] = 4 ; 4th channel axis → axis 4
Channel 2
Axis names in the channel: MD20080
● $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[<channel 2>][ 0 ] = "X" ; 1st channel axis
● $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[<channel 2>][ 1 ] = "Y" ; 1st channel axis
● $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[<channel 2>][ 2 ] = "U" ; 1st channel axis
Machine axes used: MD20070
● $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[<channel 2>][ 0 ] = 5 ; 1st channel axis → axis 5
● $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[<channel 2>][ 1 ] = 6 ; 2nd channel axis → axis 6
● $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[<channel 2>][ 2 ] = 4 ; 3rd channel axis → axis 4
Default assignment
Master channel of axis 4 (AX4) → channel 1
AX4 is the standard name of the 4th machine axis according to MD10000
$MN_AXCONF_MACHAX_NAME_TAB[ 3 ]
● MD30550 $MA_AXCONF_ASSIGN_MASTER_CHAN[ AX4 ] = 1
Program example
Program in channel 1 Program in channel 2
... ...
; Traversing axis 4 (AX4) ; Synchronization point with channel 1
G01 F1000 U100 ; WAITM(1,1,2)
; Release of AX4 ; Request for AX4
RELEASE(AX4) GET(AX4)
Extended Functions
6.3 Data lists
Program in channel 1 Program in channel 2

; Selection of program TAUSH2 in channel ; Traversing axis 4 (AX4)
2: G0 U0
INIT (2,"_N_MPF_DIR\_N_TAUSH2_MPF","S")
; Start program TAUSH2 in channel 2 ...
START(2)
; Synchronization point with channel 2 ; Release of AX4
WAITM (1,1,2) RELEASE(AX4)
... ...
M30 M30
6.3 Data lists
6.3.1 Machine data

10010 ASSIGN_CHAN_TO_MODE_GROUP[n] Channel valid in mode group [Channel No.]: 0, 1
10722 AXCHANGE_MASK Parameterization of the axis replacement response
Basic machine data of channel

20000 CHAN_NAME Channel name
20050 AXCONF_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB[n] Assignment of geometry axis to channel axis
[GEOAxisNo.]: 0...2
20060 AXCONF_GEOAX_NAME_TAB[n] Geometry axis name in channel
[GEOAxisNo.]: 0...2
20070 AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[n] Machine axis number valid in channel
[Channel axis No. ]: 0...7
20080 AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[n] Name of channel axis in the channel
[Channel axis No.]: 0...7
20090 SPIND_DEF_MASTER_SPIND Initial setting of master spindle in channel
20100 DIAMETER_AX_DEF Geometry axis with transverse axis function
20110 RESET_MODE_MASK Determination of basic control settings after Reset/TP
End
Extended Functions
6.3 Data lists

20112 START_MODE_MASK Determination of basic control settings after NC start
20150 GCODE_RESET_VALUES[n] Reset G groups
[G-Group No.]: 0...59
20160 CUBIC_SPLINE_BLOCKS Number of blocks for C spline
20170 COMPRESS_BLOCK_PATH_LIMIT Maximum traversing length of NC block for compression
20200 CHFRND_MAXNUM_DUMMY_BLOCKS Empty blocks with phase/radii
20210 CUTCOM_CORNER_LIMIT Max. angle for intersection calculation with tool radius
compensation
20220 CUTCOM_MAX_DISC Maximum value with DISC
20230 CUTCOM_CURVE_INSERT_LIMIT Maximum angle for intersection calculation with tool ra‐
dius compensation
20240 CUTCOM_MAXNUM_CHECK_BLOCKS Blocks for predictive contour calculation with tool radius
compensation
20250 CUTCOM_MAXNUM_DUMMY_BLOCKS Max. no. of dummy blocks with no traversing move‐
ments with TRC
20270 CUTTING_EDGE_DEFAULT Basic setting of tool cutting edge without programming
20400 LOOKAH_USE_VELO_NEXT_BLOCK Look Ahead to programmed following block velocity
20430 LOOKAH_NUM_OVR_POINTS Number of override switch points for Look Ahead
20440 LOOKAH_OVR_POINTS[n] Override switch points for LookAhead
[Switch point No.]: 0...1
20500 CONST_VELO_MIN_TIME Minimum time with constant velocity
20600 MAX_PATH_JERK Pathrelated maximum jerk
20610 ADD_MOVE_ACCEL_RESERVE Acceleration reserve for overlaid movements
20650 THREAD_START_IS_HARD Acceleration behavior of axis with thread cutting
20700 REFP_NC_START_LOCK NC start disable without reference point
20750 ALLOW_GO_IN_G96 G0 logic in G96
20800 SPF_END_TO_VDI Subprogram end to PLC
21000 CIRCLE_ERROR_CONST Circle end point monitoring constant
21010 CIRCLE_ERROR_FACTOR Circle end point monitoring factor
21100 ORIENTATION_IS_EULER Angle definition for orientation programming
21110 X_AXIS_IN_OLD_X_Z_PLANE Coordinate system for automatic Frame definition
21200 LIFTFAST_DIST Traversing path for fast retraction from the contour
21250 START_INDEX_R_PARAM Number of first channelspecific R parameter
Auxiliary function settings of the channel

22000 AUXFU_ASSIGN_GROUP[n] Auxiliary function group
[aux. func. no. in channel]: 0...49
22010 AUXFU_ASSIGN_TYPE[n] Auxiliary function type
Extended Functions
6.3 Data lists

22020 AUXFU_ASSIGN_EXTENSION[n] Auxiliary function extension
22030 AUXFU_ASSIGN_VALUE[n] Auxiliary function value
22200 AUXFU_M_SYNC_TYPE Output timing of M functions
22210 AUXFU_S_SYNC_TYPE Output timing of S functions
22220 AUXFU_T_SYNC_TYPE Output timing of T functions
22230 AUXFU_H_SYNC_TYPE Output timing of H functions
22240 AUXFU_F_SYNC_TYPE Output timing of F functions
22250 AUXFU_D_SYNC_TYPE Output timing of D functions
22260 AUXFU_E_SYNC_TYPE (available soon) Output timing of E functions
22400 S_VALUES_ACTIVE_AFTER_RESET S function active after RESET
22410 F_VALUES_ACTIVE_AFTER_RESET F function active after reset
22500 GCODE_OUTPUT_TO_PLC G commands to PLC
22550 TOOL_CHANGE_MODE New tool offset for M function
22560 TOOL_CHANGE_M_CODE M function for tool change
Channel-specific memory settings

25000 REORG_LOG_LIMIT Percentage of IPO buffer for log file enable
28000 MM_REORG_LOG_FILE_MEM Memory size for REORG (DRAM)
28010 MM_NUM_REORG_LUD_MODULES Number of blocks for local user variables for REORG (DRAM)
28020 MM_NUM_LUD_NAMES_TOTAL Number of local user variables (DRAM)
28030 MM_NUM_LUD_NAMES_PER_PROG Number of local user variables per program (DRAM)
28040 MM_LUD_VALUES_MEM Memory size for local user variables (DRAM)
28050 MM_NUM_R_PARAM Number of channelspecific R parameters (SRAM)
28060 MM_IPO_BUFFER_SIZE Number of NC blocks in IPO buffer (DRAM)
28070 MM_NUM_BLOCKS_IN_PREP Number of blocks for block preparation (DRAM)
28080 MM_NUM_USER_FRAMES Number of settable Frames (SRAM)
28090 MM_NUM_CC_BLOCK_ELEMENTS Number of block elements for compile cycles (DRAM)
28100 MM_NUM_CC_BLOCK_USER_MEM Size of block memory for compile cycles (DRAM)
28500 MM_PREP_TASK_STACK_SIZE Stack size of preparation task (DRAM)
28510 MM_IPO_TASK_STACK_SIZE Stack size of IPO task (DRAM)

30460 BASE_FUNCTION_MASK Axis functions
30550 AXCONF_ASSIGN_MASTER_CHAN Reset position of channel for axis change
Extended Functions
6.3 Data lists

30552 AUTO_GET_TYPE Definition of automatic GET
30600 FIX_POINT_POS Fixed value positions of axes with G75
32074 FRAME_OR_CORRPOS_NOTALLOWED Frame or HL offset are not allowed
33100 COMPRESS_POS_TOL Maximum deviation with compensation
6.3.2 Setting data
6.3.2.1 Channelspecific setting data

42000 THREAD_START_ANGLE Start angle for thread
42100 DRY_RUN_FEED Dry run feedrate
6.3.3 Signals
6.3.3.1 Signals to/from BAG

The mode group signals from the PLC to the NCK and from the NCK to the PLC are included
in data block 11.
The signals are described in:
Reference:
Function Manual, Basic Functions; NC/PLC Interface Signals (Z1),
Chapter "Mode group, Program Operation (K1)"
6.3.3.2 Signals to/from Channel

The channel signals from the PLC to the NCK and from the NCK to the PLC are included in
data blocks 21, 22, ... for the first, second ... channel.
The signals are described in:
Reference:
Function Manual, Basic Functions; NC/PLC Interface Signals (Z1),
Chapter "Mode group, Program Operation (K1)"
Extended Functions
M1: Kinematic transformation 7
7.1 TRANSMIT face end transformation (option)
7.1.1 Function
7.1.1.1 Introduction
Note
The "TRANSMIT and peripheral surface transformation" option that is under license is required
for the function "End face transformation (TRANSMIT)."
The TRANSMIT transformation permits end face machining (drill holes, contours) on turning
machines.
A Cartesian coordinate system can be used to program these machining operations.
The controller transforms the programmed traversing movements of the Cartesian coordinate
system to the traversing movements of the real machine axes.
Standard case:
● Rotary axis
● Infeed axis, perpendicular to rotary axis
● Longitudinal axis, parallel to rotary axis
● The linear axes are perpendicular to one another.
Extended Functions
M1: Kinematic transformation
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X, Y, Z Geometry axes
CM Machine axis: Rotary axis
XM Machine axis: Linear axis, perpendicular to rotary axis
ZM Machine axis: Linear axis, parallel to rotary axis
ASM Machine axis: Main spindle
Other options:
● A tool center offset relative to the turning center is permitted.
● The tool center point path can pass through the turning center point of the rotary axis.
● The rotary axis does not need to be a modulo axis.
Note
For active transformation, the names of the involved machine, channel and geometry axes are
different:
● MD10000 $MN_AXCONF_MACHAX_NAME_TAB (machine axis name)
● MD20080 $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB (channel axis name)
● MD20060 $MC_AXCONF_GEOAX_NAME_TAB (geometry axis name)
7.1.1.2 Machining options

The TRANSMIT transformation has a pole at the zero point of the TRANSMIT plane. The pole
is at the intersection of the radial linear axis and the rotary axis. In the vicinity of the pole, small
positional changes in the geometry axes generally result in large changes in position in the
machine rotary axis. The only exceptions are linear motions into or through the pole.
A tool center point path through the pole does not cause the parts program to be aborted.
There are no restrictions with respect to programmable traversing commands or active tool
Extended Functions
radius compensations. Nevertheless, workpiece machining operations close to the pole are
not recommended since these may require sharp feedrate reductions to prevent overloading
of the rotary axis.
New features
A pole is said to exist if the line described by the tool center point intersects the turning center
of the rotary axis.
The following cases are covered:
● Under what conditions and by what methods the pole can be traversed
● The response in pole vicinity
● The response with respect to working area limitations
● Monitoring of rotary axis rotations over 360°.
Pole traversal
The pole can be traversed by two methods:
● Traversal along linear axis
● Traversal into pole with rotation of rotary axis in pole
Traversal along linear axis
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Extended Functions
Rotation in pole
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Figure 7-2 Traversal of x axis into pole (a), rotation (b), exit from pole (c)
Selection of method
The method must be selected according to the capabilities of the machine and the
requirements of the part to be machined. The method is selected by machine data:
MD24911 $MC_TRANSMIT_POLE_SIDE_FIX_1
The first MD applies to the first TRANSMIT transformation in the channel and the second MD
correspondingly to the second TRANSMIT transformation.
VALUE Meaning
0 Pole traversal
The tool center point path (linear axis) must traverse the pole on a contin‐
uous path.
1 Rotation around the pole.
The tool center point path must be restricted to a positive traversing range
of the linear axis (in front of turning center).
2 Rotation around the pole.
The tool center point path must be restricted to a negative traversing range
of the linear axis (behind turning center).
Special features relating to pole traversal

The method of pole traversal along the linear axis may be applied in the AUTOMATIC and
JOG modes.
Extended Functions
System response:
Table 7-1 Traversal of pole along the linear axis
Mode State Response

AUTOMATIC All axes involved in the transforma‐ High-speed pole traversal
tion are moved synchronously.
TRANSMIT active.
Not all axes involved in the transfor‐ Traversal of pole at creep speed
mation are traversed synchronous‐
ly (e.g. position axis).
TRANSMIT not active
An applied DRF (external zero off‐ Abortion of machining, alarm
set) does not interfere with the op‐
eration. Servo errors may occur
close to the pole during application
of a DRF.
JOG - Traversal of pole at creep speed
Special features relating to rotation in pole

Requirement: This method is only effective in the AUTOMATIC mode.
MD24911 $MC_TRANSMIT_POLE_SIDE_FIX_1 = 1 or 2
Value: 1 Linear axis remains within positive traversing range
Value: 2 Linear axis remains within negative traversing range
In the case of a contour that would require the pole to be traversed along the tool center point
path, the following three steps are taken to prevent the linear axis from traversing in ranges
beyond the turning center:
Step Action
1 Linear axis traverses into pole
2 Rotary axis turns through 180°, the other axes involved in the transformation
remain stationary.
3 Execution of remaining block. The linear axis now exits from the pole again.
In JOG mode, the motion stops in the pole. In this mode, the axis may exit from the pole only
along the path tangent on which it approached the pole. All other motion instructions would
require a step change in the rotary axis position or a large machine motion in the cases of
minimum motion instructions. They are rejected with alarm 21619.
Traversal close to pole

If a tool center point traverses past the pole, the control system automatically reduces the
feedrate and path acceleration rate such that the settings of the machine axes (MD 32000
$MA_MAX_AX_VELO[AX*] and MD32300 $MA_ MAX_AX_ACCEL[AX*]) are not exceeded.
The closer the path is to the pole, the greater the reduction in the feedrate.
Extended Functions
Tool center point path with corner in pole

A tool center point path which includes a corner in the pole will not only cause a step change
in axis velocities, but also a step change in the rotary axis position. These cannot be reduced
by decelerating.
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Figure 7-3 Pole traversal
Requirements:
AUTOMATIC mode,
MD24911 $MC_TRANSMIT_POLE_SIDE_FIX_1 = 0
or
The control system inserts a traversing block at the step change point. This block generates
the smallest possible rotation to allow machining of the contour to continue.
Extended Functions
Corner without pole traversal
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Figure 7-4 Machining on one pole side
Requirements:
AUTOMATIC mode,
or
The control system inserts a traversing block at the step change point. This block generates
the necessary rotation so that machining of the contour can continue on the same side of the
pole.
Transformation selection in pole

If the machining operation must continue from a position on the tool center path which
corresponds to the pole of the activated transformation, then an exit from the pole is specified
for the new transformation.
If
or
is set (pole transition), then a rotation as small as possible is generated at the beginning of the
block originating in the pole. Depending on this rotation, the axis then traverses either in front
of or behind the turning center.
For
or
Extended Functions
machining is done before the rotational center point (linear axis in positive traversing range),
for
or
behind the rotational center point (linear axis in negative traversing range).
Transformation selection outside pole

The control system moves the axes involved in the transformation without evaluating machine
data MD24911 $MC_TRANSMIT_POLE_SIDE_FIX_<t>. In this case, <t> = 1 stands for the
first and <t> = 2 for the second TRANSMIT transformation in the channel.
7.1.1.3 Working area limitations
Initial situation
When TRANSMIT is active, the pole is replaced by a working area limitation if the tool center
point cannot be positioned at the turning center of the rotary axis involved in the transformation.
This is the case when the axis perpendicular to the rotary axis (allowing for tool offset) is not
positioned on the same radial plane as the rotary axis or if both axes are positioned mutually
at an oblique angle. The distance between the two axes defines a cylindrical space in the BCS
in which the tool cannot be positioned.
The illegal range cannot be protected by the software limit switch monitoring function since
the traversing range of the machine axes is not affected.
'LVWDQFHEHWZHHQD[HV
XQPDFKLQDEOHF\OLQGHURI
WKHZRUNLQJDUHDOLPLWDWLRQ
Figure 7-5 Working area limitation based on offset linear axis
Extended Functions
Traverse into working area limitation

Any motion that leads into the working area limitation is rejected with alarm 21619. Any
corresponding parts program block is not processed. The control system stops processing at
the end of the preceding block.
If the motion cannot be foreseen promptly enough (JOG modes, positioning axes), then the
control stops at the edge of the working area limitation.
Response close to working area limitation

If a tool center point traverses past the prohibited range, the control system automatically
reduces the feedrate and path acceleration rate such that the settings in the machine axes
(MD 32000 $MA_MAX_AX_VELO[AX*] and MD32300 $MA_ MAX_AX_ACCEL[AX*]) are not
exceeded. The closer the path is to the working area limitation, the greater the reduction in the
feedrate may be.
7.1.1.4 Overlaid motions with TRANSMIT

The control system cannot predict overlaid motions. However, these do not interfere with the
function provided that they are very small (e.g. fine tool offset) in relation to the current distance
from the pole (or from working area limitation). With respect to axes that are relevant for the
transformation, the transformation monitors the overlaid motion and signals any critical quantity
by alarm 21618. This alarm indicates that the block-related velocity planning function no longer
adequately corresponds to the actual conditions on the machine. When the alarm is output,
the conventional, non-optimized online velocity monitor is therefore activated. The
preprocessing routine is re-synchronized with the main run by a REORG generated internally
in the control.
Alarm 21618 should be avoided whenever possible since it indicates a state that can lead to
axis overload and thus abortion of parts program processing.
7.1.1.5 Monitoring of rotary axis rotations over 360º

The positions of the rotary axis are ambiguous with respect to the number of rotations. The
control breaks down blocks containing several rotations around the pole into sub-blocks.
This subdivision must be noted with respect to parallel actions (e.g. output of auxiliary
functions, block-synchronized positioning axis motions) since the programmed block end is
no longer relevant for synchronization, but the end of the first sub-block.
Reference:
Function Manual Basic Functions; "H2: Auxiliary function outputs to the PLC"
Function Manual Synchronized Actions
In single block operation the control system machines individual blocks explicitly. Otherwise
the sub-blocks are traversed with Look Ahead just like a single block. A limitation of the rotary
axis setting range is monitored by the software limit switch monitoring function.
Extended Functions
7.1.2.1 Overview
Machine data: Transformation data in general

The following machine data is used to define transformation data sets in a channel:
● MD2xxxx $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_<n> (definition of the <n>th transformation in the channel)
● MD2xxxx $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_<n> (axis assignment for the <n>th transformation in
the channel)
● MD2xxxx $MC_TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB_<n> (assignment of geometry axes to
channel axes for transformation <n>)
● MD2xxxx $MC_TRAFO_INCLUDES_TOOL_<n> (tool handling with active nth
transformation)
where <n> = 1, 2, 3, ... max. number of transformation data sets
For TRANSMIT (type 256 or 257), no more than two transformation data sets may be
parameterized in a channel:
● MD2xxxx $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_<x> = <TRANSMIT type>
● MD2xxxx $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_<y> = <TRANSMIT type>
Machine data: TRANSMIT transformation

A TRANSMIT transformation is parameterized using the following machine data:
● MD2xxxx $MC_TRANSMIT_ROT_AX_OFFSET_<n> (offset of the rotary axis)
● MD2xxxx $MC_TRANSMIT_ROT_AX_FRAME_<n> (rotary axis offset)
● MD2xxxx $MC_TRANSMIT_ROT_SIGN_IS_PLUS_<n> (sign of the rotary axis)
● MD2xxxx $MC_TRANSMIT_BASE_TOOL_<n> (vector of the base tool)
● MD2xxxx $MC_TRANSMIT_POLE_SIDE_FIX_<n> (limitation of the working area in front
of/behind the pole)
where <n> = 1, 2 (TRANSMIT data set number)
Extended Functions
7.1.2.2 Axis configuration

The following shows an axis configuration that is typical of TRANSMIT.
0'
0&B$;&21)B*(2$;B$66,*1B7$%
&KDQQHO
0' &KDQQHO
0&B$;&21)B*(2$;B1$0(B7$%

&KDQQHO
&KDQQHO
VWJHRPHWU\D[LV>@ ;
QGJHRPHWU\D[LV>@ < 0'
UGJHRPHWU\D[LV>@ = 0&B75$)2B*(2$;B$66,*1B7$%
&KDQQHO
&KDQQHO

0' 0'
0&B$;&21)B&+$1$;B1$0(B7$% 0&B$;&21)B0$&+$;B86('
&KDQQHO &KDQQHO
&KDQQHO &KDQQHO
VWFKDQQHOD[LV>@ ;&
QGFKDQQHOD[LV>@ =&
UGFKDQQHOD[LV>@ &&
WKFKDQQHOD[LV>@ $6&

0' 0'
0$B63,1'B$66,*1B72B0$&+$; 0$B$;&21)B0$&+$;B1$0(B7$%
VWPDFKLQHD[LV>$;@ &0
QGPDFKLQHD[LV>$;@ ;0
UGPDFKLQHD[LV>$;@ =0
WKPDFKLQHD[LV>$;@ $60
① Effective if TRANSMIT is active.
Machine axis name

● MD10000 $MN_AXCONF_MACHAX_NAME_TAB[ 0 ] = "CM"
● MD10000 $MN_AXCONF_MACHAX_NAME_TAB[ 1 ] = "XM"
● MD10000 $MN_AXCONF_MACHAX_NAME_TAB[ 2 ] = "ZM"
● MD10000 $MN_AXCONF_MACHAX_NAME_TAB[ 3 ] = "ASM"
Extended Functions
Geometry axis names

● MD20060 $MC_AXCONF_GEOAX_NAME_TAB[ 0 ] = "X" (name of the 1st geometry axis)
● MD20060 $MC_AXCONF_GEOAX_NAME_TAB[ 1 ] = "Y" (name of the 2nd geometry axis)
● MD20060 $MC_AXCONF_GEOAX_NAME_TAB[ 2 ] = "Z" (name of the 3rd geometry axis)
Channel axis names

● MD20080 $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[ 0 ] = "XC"
● MD20080 $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[ 1 ] = "ZC"
● MD20080 $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[ 2 ] = "CC"
● MD20080 $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[ 3 ] = "ASC"
Assignment of geometry axes to channel axes

TRANSMIT not active
● MD20050 $MC_AXCONF_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB[ 0 ] = 1 (1st geometry axis → 1st channel
axis XC)
● MD20050 $MC_AXCONF_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB[ 1 ] = 0 ( - )
● MD20050 $MC_AXCONF_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB[ 2 ] = 2 (3rd geometry axis → 2nd
channel axis ZC)
TRANSMIT active
● MD24120 $MC_TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB_1[ 0 ] = 1 (1st transformation geometry
axis → 1st channel axis XC)
● MD24120 $MC_TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB_1[ 1 ] = 3 (2nd transformation geometry
axis → 3rd channel axis CC)
● MD24120 $MC_TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB_1[ 2 ] = 2 (3rd transformation geometry
axis → 2nd channel axis ZC)
Assignment of channel axes to machine axes

● MD20070 $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[ 0 ] = 2 (1st channel axis → 2nd machine axis
XM)
● MD20070 $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[ 1 ] = 3 (2nd channel axis → 3rd machine axis
ZM)
● MD20070 $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[ 2 ] = 1 (3rd channel axis → 1st machine axis
CM)
● MD20070 $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[ 3 ] = 4 (4th channel axis → 4th machine axis
ASM)
Identification of spindles
● MD35000 $MA_SPIND_ASSIGN_TO_MACHAX[ 0 ] = 1 (spindle)
● MD35000 $MA_SPIND_ASSIGN_TO_MACHAX[ 1 ] = 0 (axis)
Extended Functions
7.1.2.3 Specific settings
One rotary and one linear axis: TRAFO_TYPE = 256

The transformation type 256 must be set for TRANSMIT with a rotary and a linear axis:
$MC_TRAFO_TYPE_<n> = 256
where <n> = 1, 2, ... max. number of transformations
Transformation input axes: $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_<n>

Those channel axes are specified in the machine data on which the axes of the transformation
Cartesian coordinate system are to be mapped:
$MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_<n>[ <index> ] = <channel axis number>
<Index> Meaning
0 Linear axis, perpendicular to rotary axis
1 Rotary axis
2 Linear axis, parallel to rotary axis
The channel axis numbers must refer to the axis sequence defined with
$MC_TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB_<n>.
One rotary and two linear axes: TRAFO_TYPE = 257

The transformation type 257 must be set for TRANSMIT with a rotary and two linear axes:
$MC_TRAFO_TYPE_<n> = 257
The second linear axis must be oriented perpendicular to the plane clamped by the rotary and
the linear axis. The second linear axis for TRANSMIT is used exclusively for tool correction.
Transformation input axes: $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_<n>

Those channel axes are specified in the machine data on which the axes of the transformation
Cartesian coordinate system are to be mapped:
$MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_<n>[ <index> ] = <channel axis number>
<Index> Meaning
0 Linear axis, perpendicular to rotary axis
1 Rotary axis
2 Linear axis, parallel to rotary axis
3 Linear axis perpendicular to the axes from index 0 and 1
The channel axis numbers must refer to the axis sequence defined with
$MC_TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB_<n>.
Extended Functions
Rotary axis offset: TRANSMIT_ROT_AX_OFFSET

If the rotary axis zero point does not match the rotary axis zero position when the TRANSMIT
transformation is active, the angular difference must be entered as an offset in the machine
data:
$MC_TRANSMIT_ROT_AX_OFFSET_<t> = <angular difference>
where <t> = 1, 2
Direction of rotation: TRANSMIT_ROT_SIGN_IS_PLUS

TRANSMIT must be informed of the rotary axis direction of rotation with the following machine
data:
● The direction of rotation of the rotary axis is positive with regard to TRANSMIT if the rotary
axis rotates counterclockwise (in relation to the X/Y plane looking at the Z axis), when
traversing in the positive direction.
● The rotary axis direction of rotation with regard to TRANSMIT is negative if it rotates
clockwise when traversing in the positive direction

< <
; ;
= =
① Positive direction of rotation

② Negative direction of rotation
Figure 7-6 Rotary axis direction of rotation
$MC_TRANSMIT_ROT_SIGN_IS_PLUS_<t> = <direction of rotation>

where <t> = 1, 2
<Direction of rotation> Meaning

0 Negative rotary axis direction of rotation ⇒ internal sign reversal
1 Positive rotary axis direction of rotation ⇒ no internal sign reversal
Position of the tool zero: TRANSMIT_BASE_TOOL

The position of the tool zero is specified in relation to the origin of the effective Cartesian
coordinate system for TRANSMIT:
● MD24920 $MC_TRANSMIT_BASE_TOOL_<t>[ 0 ] = <offset in X>
● MD24920 $MC_TRANSMIT_BASE_TOOL_<t>[ 1 ] = <offset in Y>
● MD24920 $MC_TRANSMIT_BASE_TOOL_<t>[ 2 ] = <offset in Z>
where <t> = 1, 2
Extended Functions
Replaceable geometry axes

When the GEOAX() geometry axes are switched, the parameterized M function is output to
the NC/PLC interface:
● MD22534 $MC_TRAFO_CHANGE_M_CODE = <M function>
Note
The values 0 to 6, 17 and 30 are not output.
References:
Function Manual Basic Functions; K2, "Coordinate Systems, Axis Types, Axis Configurations,
Workpiece-related Actual-Value System, External Zero Offset"
7.1.3 Programming
The front face transformation (TRANSMIT) is activated in the part program or synchronized
action using the TRANSMIT statement.
Syntax
TRANSMIT
TRANSMIT(<n>)
Meaning
TRANSMIT: Activate TRANSMIT with the first TRANSMIT data set

TRANSMIT(n): Activate TRANSMIT with the nth TRANSMIT data set
Note
A TRANSMIT transformation active in the channel is activated with:
● Deactivate transformation: TRAFOOF
● Activation of another transformation: E.g. TRACYL, TRAANG, TRAORI
7.1.4 Constraints
Look Ahead
All functions requiring Look Ahead (traversal through pole, Look Ahead) work satisfactorily
only if the relevant axis motions can be calculated exactly in advance. With TRANSMIT, this
applies to the rotary axis and the linear axis perpendicular to it. If one of these axes is the
positioning axis, then the Look Ahead function is deactivated by alarm 10912 and the
conventional online velocity check activated instead.
Extended Functions
Selection of method
The user is responsible for making the optimum choice of "Traversal through pole" or "Rotation
around pole".
Several pole traversals

A block can traverse the pole any number of times (e.g. programming of a helix with several
turns). The part program block is subdivided into a corresponding number of sub-blocks.
Analogously, blocks which rotate several times around the pole are likewise divided into sub-
blocks.
Rotary axis as modulo axis

The rotary axis can be a modulo rotary axis. However, this is not a mandatory requirement as
was the case in SW 2 and 3. The relevant restrictions applying in SW 2 and 3 have been
eliminated.
Rotary axis as spindle

If the rotary axis without transformation is used as a spindle, it must be switched to position-
controlled mode with SPOS before the transformation is selected.
TRANSMIT with supplementary linear axis

With active TRANSMIT, the channel name of posBCS[ax[3]] must have another name in the
part program, like the geometry axes. If posBCS[ax[3]] is written only outside the TRANSMIT
transformation, this restriction does not apply if the axis has been assigned to a geometry axis.
With active TRANSMIT, no contour information is processed via ax[3].
REPOS
It is possible to reposition on the sub-blocks produced as a result of the extended TRANSMIT
function in SW 4. In this case, the control uses the first sub-block that is closest to the
repositioning point in the BCS.
Block search
In the case of block search with calculation, the block end point (of the last sub-block) is
approached in cases where intermediate blocks have been generated as the result of the
extended functionality in SW 4.
Extended Functions
7.1.5 Example
The example refers to the axis configuration shown in the following figure.
&0
<
;
;0
$60
==
0
X, Y, Z Geometry axes
CM 1st machine axis: Rotary axis
XM 2nd machine axis: Linear axis, perpendicular to rotary axis
ZM 3rd machine axis: Linear axis, parallel to rotary axis
ASM 4th machine axis: Main spindle
Machine axis name

● MD10000 $MN_AXCONF_MACHAX_NAME_TAB[ 0 ] = "CM" (1st machine axis: spindle/
rotary axis)
● MD10000 $MN_AXCONF_MACHAX_NAME_TAB[ 1 ] = "XM" (2nd machine axis: linear
axis)
● MD10000 $MN_AXCONF_MACHAX_NAME_TAB[ 2 ] = "ZM" (3rd machine axis: linear axis)
● MD10000 $MN_AXCONF_MACHAX_NAME_TAB[ 3 ] = "ASM" (4th machine axis: spindle)
Geometry axis names

Channel axis names

● MD20080 $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[ 0 ] = "XC" (linear axis)
● MD20080 $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[ 1 ] = "ZC" (linear axis)
Extended Functions
● MD20080 $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[ 2 ] = "CC" (spindle/rotary axis)

● MD20080 $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[ 3 ] = "ASC" (spindle)

TRANSMIT not active:
● MD20050 $MC_AXCONF_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB[ 0 ] = 1 (1st geo. axis → 1st channel axis
XC)
● MD20050 $MC_AXCONF_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB[ 2 ] = 2 (3rd geo. axis → 2nd channel
axis ZC)
TRANSMIT active:
● MD24120 $MC_TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB_1[ 0 ] = 1 (1st TrafoGeoAxis → 1st
channel axis XC)
● MD24120 $MC_TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB_1[ 1 ] = 3 (2nd TrafoGeoAcxis → 3rd
channel axis CC)
● MD24120 $MC_TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB_1[ 2 ] = 2 (3rd TrafoGeoAxis → 2nd
channel axis ZC)

XM)
ZM)
● MD20070 $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[ 2 ] = 1 (3rd channel axis → 1st machine axis
CM)
ASM)
● MD35000 $MA_SPIND_ASSIGN_TO_MACHAX[ 0 ] = 1 (1st machine axis: spindle)
● MD35000 $MA_SPIND_ASSIGN_TO_MACHAX[ 1 ] = 0 (2nd machine axis: axis)
● MD35000 $MA_SPIND_ASSIGN_TO_MACHAX[ 2 ] = 0 (3rd machine axis: axis)
● MD35000 $MA_SPIND_ASSIGN_TO_MACHAX[ 3 ] = 2 (4th machine axis: spindle)
Transformation type
● MD24100 $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_1 = 256 (transformation TRANSMIT with a rotary or linear
axis)
Offset relative to the zero position of the rotary axis

● MD24900 $MC_TRANSMIT_ROT_AX_OFFSET_1 = 0
Sign of rotary axis

● MD24910 $MC_TRANSMIT_ROT_SIGN_IS_PLUS_1 = 0
Extended Functions
Basic offset of the tool zero relative to the geometry axes while TRANSMIT is active
● MD24920 $MC_TRANSMIT_BASE_TOOL_1 [ 0 ] = 0.0 (offset relative to 1st TrafoGeoAxis)
● MD24920 $MC_TRANSMIT_BASE_TOOL_1 [ 1 ] = 0.0 (offset relative to 2nd TrafoGeoAxis)
● MD24920 $MC_TRANSMIT_BASE_TOOL_1 [ 2 ] = 0.0 (offset relative to 3rd TrafoGeoAxis)
TRANSMIT input axes

● MD24110 $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_1[ 0 ] = 1 (1st channel axis XC, perpendicular to the
rotary axis)
● MD24110 $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_1[ 1 ] = 3 (3rd channel axis CC, rotary axis)
● MD24110 $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_1[ 2 ] = 2 (2nd channel axis ZC, parallel to the rotary
axis)
Modulo conversion for rotary axis

● MD30300 $MA_ROT_IS_MODULO[ 0 ] = 0 (1st machine axis: spindle/rotary axis)
● MD30300 $MA_ROT_IS_MODULO[ 1 ] = 0 (2nd machine axis: linear axis)
● MD30300 $MA_ROT_IS_MODULO[ 2 ] = 0 (3rd machine axis: linear axis)
● MD30300 $MA_ROT_IS_MODULO[ 3 ] = 1 (4th machine axis: spindle)
Programming example
N10 T1 D1 G54 G17 G90 F5000 G94 ; tool selection
; 1st Settable work offset
; XY plane
; absolute dimensions
; linear feedrate F in mm/min
N20 G0 X20 Z10 SPOS=45 ; approach the start position
; spindle positioning 45
N30 TRANSMIT ; TRANSMIT with first
; data record from MD24100 ON
N40 ROT RPL=–45 ; frame: Rotation in XY plane by Z
N50 ATRANS X–2 Y10 ; frame: Additive offset
N60 G1 X10 Y–10 G41 OFFN=1 ; square roughing; 1 mm tolerance (OFFN)
N70 X–10
N80 Y10
N90 X10
N100 Y–10
N110 G0 Z20 G40 OFFN=0 ; tool radius compensation OFF,
; 0 mm tolerance
N120 T2 D1 X15 Y–15 ; tool change
N130 Z10 G41 ; tool radius compensation left of contour
N140 G1 X10 Y–10 ; square part finishing
N150 X–10
Extended Functions
7.2 TRACYL cylinder surface transformation (option)

N160 Y10
N170 X10
N180 Y–10
N190 Z20 G40
N200 TRANS ; deselect frame
N210 TRAFOOF ; TRANSMIT OFF
N220 G0 X20 Z10 SPOS=45 ; approach the start position
N230 M30
7.2.1 Function
Note
The licensed "TRANSMIT and peripheral surface transformation" option is required for the
function "Cylinder surface transformation (TRACYL)."
The TRACYL transformation permits the machining of cylinder jacket curves (grooves) on
turning machines.
The path of the grooves is programmed with reference to the unwrapped, level surface of the
cylinder.
The controller transforms the programmed traversing movements of the cylinder coordinate
<
Extended Functions
The machine kinematics must correspond to the cylinder coordinate system:

● One, two or three linear axes and one rotary axis
● The linear axes must be oriented perpendicular to each other
● The rotary axis must be oriented parallel to one of the linear axes
Note
different:
Transformation Types
The TRACYL transformation exists in three variants:
● without groove side offset (transformation type 512):
● with groove side offset (transformation type 513):
● programmable with or without groove side offset (transformation type 514)
TRACYL without groove wall offset

The cylinder surface transformation without groove side offset is used in machine kinematics
with one or two linear axes (axis configuration 1).
One linear axis

For a machine kinematic with only one linear axis (X), only grooves parallel to the periphery
of the cylinder can be generated (transverse grooves).
Two linear axes

For a machine kinematic with two linear axes (X and Z), grooves of any form can be generated
on the cylinder.
Extended Functions
<RU&0
$60
=RU=0
;0
XM Infeed axis perpendicular to the turning center

ZM Linear axis parallel to the turning center
Y / CM Transformatory Y axis / rotary axis
ASM Main spindle
Figure 7-7 Machine kinematics with two linear axes
Groove edges
For a cylinder surface transformation without groove wall correction, the edges of the groove
longitudinal to the rotary axis (longitudinal grooves) are only parallel if the groove width
corresponds to the tool diameter. For groove widths greater than the tool diameter, the groove
edges are at an angle to each other (see ①).
The groove edges of grooves that extend parallel to the circumference (transverse grooves)
are not parallel to each other (see ②). Only the start and the end of the groove edges are not
parallel.

① Longitudinal groove
② Transverse groove
Figure 7-8 Groove edges with TRACYL without groove side offset
Extended Functions
TRACYL with groove wall offset

The cylinder surface transformation with groove wall offset is used for machine kinematics with
three linear axes (X, Y, and Z) (axis configuration 2).
<RU&0
=RU=0
<0
$60
;0
XM Infeed axis perpendicular to the turning center

YM Supplementary axis perpendicular to the X-Z plane
ZM Linear axis parallel to the turning center
Y / CM Transformatory Y axis / rotary axis
ASM Main spindle
Figure 7-9 Machine kinematics with three linear axes
For a machine kinematic with three linear axes (X, Y and Z), grooves of any form can be
generated on the cylinder.
Groove edges
Because the Y axis is oriented perpendicular to the turning center, almost parallel groove edges
can be generated even for groove widths larger than the tool diameter.
Figure 7-10 Parallel limited longitudinal groove with TRACYL with groove side offset
Extended Functions
7.2.2.1 Overview

the channel)
● MD2xxxx $MC_TRAFO_INCLUDES_TOOL_<n> (tool handling with active <n>th
transformation)
For TRACYL (type 512, 513, or 514), no more than two transformation data sets may be
parameterized in a channel:
● MD2xxxx $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_<x> = <TRACYL type>
● MD2xxxx $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_<y> = <TRACYL type>
Machine data: TRACYL transformation

A TRACYL transformation is parameterized in the following machine data:
● MD2xxxx $MC_TRACYL_ROT_AX_OFFSET_<n> (offset of the rotary axis)
● MD2xxxx $MC_TRACYL_ROT_AX_FRAME_<n> (rotary axis offset)
● MD2xxxx $MC_TRACYL_DEFAULT_MODE_<n> (selection of TRACYL mode)
● MD2xxxx $MC_TRACYL_ROT_SIGN_IS_PLUS_<n> (sign of the rotary axis)
● MD2xxxx $MC_TRACYL_BASE_TOOL_<n> (vector of the base tool)
where <n> = 1, 2 (TRACYL data set number)
Extended Functions

The following shows an axis configuration that is typical of TRACYL.
0'
0&B$;&21)B*(2$;B$66,*1B7$%
&KDQQHO
0' &KDQQHO
0&B$;&21)B*(2$;B1$0(B7$%

&KDQQHO
&KDQQHO
VWJHRPHWU\D[LV>@ ;
&KDQQHO
&KDQQHO

0' 0'
0&B$;&21)B&+$1$;B1$0(B7$% 0&B$;&21)B0$&+$;B86('
&KDQQHO &KDQQHO
&KDQQHO &KDQQHO
VWFKDQQHOD[LV>@ ;&
QGFKDQQHOD[LV>@ <&
UGFKDQQHOD[LV>@ =&
WKFKDQQHOD[LV>@ &&
WKFKDQQHOD[LV>@ $6&
0' 0'
0$B63,1'B$66,*1B72B0$&+$; 0$B$;&21)B0$&+$;B1$0(B7$%
QGPDFKLQHD[LV>$;@ ;0
UGPDFKLQHD[LV>$;@ <0
WKPDFKLQHD[LV>$;@ =0
① Effective if TRACYL is active.
Machine axis name

● MD10000 $MN_AXCONF_MACHAX_NAME_TAB[ 2 ] = "YM"
Extended Functions
Geometry axis names

Channel axis names

● MD20080 $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[ 1 ] = "YC"

TRACYL not active:
axis XC)
● MD20050 $MC_AXCONF_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB[ 1 ] = 2 (2nd geometry axis → 2nd
channel axis YC)
● MD20050 $MC_AXCONF_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB[ 2 ] = 3 (3rd geometry axis → 3rd channel
axis ZC)
TRACYL active:
axis → 4th channel axis CC)
axis → 3rd channel axis ZC)

XM)
YM)
● MD20070 $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[ 2 ] = 4 (3rd channel axis → 4th machine axis
ZM)
● MD20070 $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[ 3 ] = 1 (4th channel axis → 1st machine axis
CM)
ASM)
Extended Functions
Setting the transformation type

The transformation type is set specifically for the transformation data set in:
$MC_TRAFO_TYPE_<n> = <transformation type>
Axis configuration <transformation type>

1 512
2 513 or 514
The TRACYL transformation with programmed groove side offset (type 514) can be activated
with or without groove side offset (see "Programming (Page 417)").
Transformation type 514 without groove wall offset

If the machine has another linear axis which is perpendicular to both the rotary axis and the
first linear axis, transformation type 514 can be used to apply tool offsets with the real Y axis.
In this case, it is assumed that the working area of the second linear axis is small and will not
be used to execute the part program.
The existing settings for MD10000 $MC_TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSSIGN_TAB_<n> apply.
Grooves with groove side offset

The required inclusion of the tool offset has already been taken into account for the TRACYL
transformation with groove side offset.
Axis image
The following paragraph describes how the transformation axis image is specified.
Extended Functions
Transformation geometry axes

For the transformation data set <n>, three (or 4) channel axis numbers must be specified for
TRACYL:
● MD24110 $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_1[0]=channel axis number of the axis radial to the rotary
axis.
● MD24110 $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_1[1]=channel axis number of the rotary axis.
● MD24110 $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_1[2]=channel axis number of the axis parallel to the
rotary axis.
● MD24110 $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_1[3]=channel axis number of the supplementary axis
parallel to the cylinder surface and perpendicular to the rotary axis (provided two axis
configurations are present).
The axis numbers must refer to the channel axis sequences defined by the following machine
data:
MD24120 $MC_TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB_<n>
Grooves without groove wall offset

For transformation type 514 the following indices apply to MD24110
$MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_<n>[ ].
Meaning of indices in relation to base coordinate system (BCS):
● [0]: Cartesian axis radial to rotary axis (if configured)
● [1]: Axis in generated cylinder surface perpendicular to rotary axis
● [2]: Cartesian axis parallel to rotary axis
● [3]: Linear axis parallel to index 2 in initial position of machine
Meaning of indices in relation to machine coordinate system (MCS):
● [0]: Linear axis radial to rotary axis (if configured)
● [1]: Rotary axis
● [2]: Linear axis, parallel to rotary axis
● [3]: Linear axis, perpendicular to the axes of indices [0] and [1]
Extended Functions
Rotational position
The rotational position of the axis on the cylinder peripheral surface perpendicular to the rotary
axis must be defined as follows:
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E
D $QJOHDELQ
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Figure 7-11 Center of axis rotation in the peripheral cylinder surface
MD24800 TRACYL_ROT_AX_OFFSET_<t>
The rotational position of the peripheral surface in relation to the defined zero position of the
rotary axis is specified with:
MD24800 $MC_TRACYL_ROT_AX_OFFSET_<t> = ...°
In this case, <t> is replaced by the number of TRACYL transformations declared in the
transformation data blocks (<t> must not be greater than 2).
Direction of rotation
The direction of rotation of the rotary axis is specified by machine data as described in the
following paragraph.
TRACYL_ROT_SIGN_IS_PLUS_<t>
If the direction of rotation of the rotary axis on the x-y plane is counterclockwise when viewed
against the z axis, then the machine data must be set to TRUE, otherwise to FALSE.
758(

[
MD24810 $MC_TRACYL_ROT_SIGN_IS_PLUS_<t>=TRUE
In this case, "t" is substituted by the number of TRACYL transformations declared in the
transformation data blocks (t may not be greater than 2).
Extended Functions
Replaceable geometry axes

The PLC is informed when a geometry axis has been replaced using GEOAX( ) through the
optional output of an M code that can be set in machine data.
● MD22534 $MC_TRAFO_CHANGE_M_CODE
Number of the M code that is output at the VDI interface in the case of transformation
changeover.
Note
If this machine data is set to one of the values 0 to 6, 17, 30, then no M code is output.
References:
Function Manual Basic Functions; Coordinate Systems, Axis Types, Axis Configurations,
Workpiece-related Actual-Value System, External Zero Offset (K2)
Position of tool zero

The position of the tool zero point in relation to the origin of the Cartesian coordinate system
is specified by machine data as described in the following paragraph.
MD24820 TRACYL_BASE_TOOL_<t>
This machine data is used to inform the control of the tool zero point position in relation to the
origin of the cylinder coordinate system declared for TRACYL. The machine data has three
components for the axes X, Y, Z of the machine coordinate system.
W\
W[
=
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; W]
<&
7RRO]HUR
Figure 7-12 Position of tool zero in relation to machine zero
Example
MD24820 $MC_TRACYL_BASE_TOOL_<t>[ 0 ] = tx
MD24820 $MC_TRACYL_BASE_TOOL_<t>[ 1 ] = ty
MD24820 $MC_TRACYL_BASE_TOOL_<t>[ 2 ] = tz
Extended Functions
Where <t> = number of TRACYL transformations defined in the transformation data records

=
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Figure 7-13 Cylinder coordinate system
7.2.3 Programming
The cylinder surface transformation (TRACYL) is activated in the part program or synchronized
action using the TRACYL statement.
Syntax
TRACYL(<d>)
TRACYL(<d>,<n>)
TRACYL(<d>,<n>,<k>)
Meaning
TRACYL(<d>): Activate TRACYL with the first TRACYL data set and working diameter
<d>
TRACYL (<d>,<n>): Activate TRACYL with the <n>th TRACYL data set and working diameter
<d>
<d>: Reference or working diameter
The value must be greater than 1.
Extended Functions
<n>: TRACYL data set number (optional)

Range of values: 1, 2
<k>: The parameter <k> is only relevant for transformation type 514
k = 0: without groove side correction
k = 1: with groove side correction
If the parameter is not specified, then the parameterized basic position
applies:
$MC_TRACYL_DEFAULT_MODE_<n>
With <n> = TRACYL data set number
Note
A TRACYL transformation active in the channel is switched-off with:
● Activation of another transformation: E.g. TRAANG, TRANSMIT, TRAORI
Example
...
N40 TRACYL(40.) ; Activate TRACYL with the first TRACYL data set
and working diameter 40 mm.
...
Further information
Program structure
A part program for milling a groove with TRACYL transformation 513 (TRACYL with groove
side offset) generally comprises the following steps:
1. Select tool.
2. Select TRACYL.
3. Select suitable coordinate offset (frame).
4. Positioning.
5. Program OFFN.
6. Select TRC.
7. Approach block (position TRC and approach groove side).
8. Groove center line contour.
9. Deselect TRC.
10.Retraction block (retract TRC and move away from groove side).
11.Positioning.
Extended Functions
12.TRAFOOF.
13.Reselect original coordinate shift (frame).
Contour offset (OFFN)

In order to mill grooves using TRACYL transformation 513, the center line of the groove and
half of the groove width via the OFFN address are programmed in the part program.
To avoid damage to the groove side, OFFN acts only when the tool radius compensation is
active.
It is possible to change OFFN within a part program. This allows the groove center line to be
offset from the center:
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Note
OFFN should be at least as large as the tool radius to avoid damage occurring to the opposite
side of the groove wall.
Note
OFFN acts differently with TRACYL than it does without TRACYL. Since, even without
TRACYL, OFFN is included when TRC is active, OFFN should be reset to zero after TRAFOOF.
NOTICE
Effect of OFFN depends on the transformation type
For TRACYL transformation 513 (TRACYL with groove side offset), half the groove width is
programmed for OFFN.
For TRACYL transformation 512 (TRACYL with groove side offset), the value of OFFN acts
as an allowance for the TRC.
Extended Functions
Tool radius compensation (TRC)

For TRACYL transformation 513, the TRC is not taken into account relative to the groove side,
but to the programmed center of the groove. In order that the tool travels to the left of the
groove side, statement G42 must be programmed instead of G41 or the value of OFFN
specified with a negative sign.
Tool diameter
With TRACYL and a tool whose diameter is less than the groove width, the same groove side
geometry is not generated as with a tool whose diameter is the same as the groove width. To
improve the precision, it is recommended that the tool diameter is selected to be only slightly
less than the groove width.
Axis utilization
Note
The following axes cannot be used as a positioning axis or a reciprocating axis:
● The geometry axis in the peripheral direction of the cylinder peripheral surface (Y axis).
● The additional linear axis for groove side compensation (Z axis).
7.2.4 Boundary conditions
Selection/deselection
● An intermediate motion block is not inserted (phases/radii).
● A series of spline blocks must be concluded.
● Tool radius compensation must be deselected.
● The frame which was active prior to TRACYL is deselected by the control system (analog
G500).
● An active working area limit is deselected for axes affected by the transformation (analog
WALIMOF).
● Continuous path control and rounding are interrupted.
● DRF offsets must have been deleted by the operator.
● The Y axis used for the compensation should be set to zero for selection and active groove
side compensation.
Tool change
Tools can be changed only when the tool radius compensation function is deselected.
Extended Functions
Frame
A frame change with G91 (incremental dimension) is not specially treated for active
transformation. The path to be traversed is evaluated in the workpiece coordinate system of
the new frame - regardless of which frame was active in the previous block.
A rotary axis offset can, for example, be entered by compensating the inclined position of a
workpiece can be considered using a frame or as offset of the rotary axis.
The following setting is required for the axial complete frame of the rotary axis to act in the
transformation:
$MC_TRACYL_ROT_AX_FRAME_<t> = 1
Note
Changes in the axis assignments are converted every time the transformation is selected or
deselected.
References:
Function Manual Basic Functions; "Co-ordinate Systems, Frames" (K2)
Function restriction for transformation axes

The axes involved on the cylinder surface transformation must not be used for the following
functions:
● Positioning axis
● Oscillating axis
● Preset axis
● Fixed point approach G75
● Reference point approach G74
Manual traversal in JOG

When generated cylinder surface transformation with groove side compensation
($MC_TRAFO_TYPE = 513) is active in JOG mode, it must be noted that the axes are traversed
depending on the preceding status in AUTOMATIC. For active groove side compensation, the
axes so move differently than for deselected compensation. The part program can therefore
be continued (REPOS) after a part program interruption.
Extended Functions
Interrupt part program

● Mode change from AUTOMATIC to JOG
If a part program machining is interrupted for active transformation and traversed manually
in the JOG operating mode, ensure for continuation of the part program in the AUTOMATIC
operating mode that the transformation is already active in the restart block from the current
position to the interruption location.
WARNING
Risk of collision
No monitoring for collisions takes place.
The operator is responsible for ensuring that the tool can be re-positioned without any
difficulties.
● START after RESET

If a part program machining is interrupted with RESET and restarted with START, ensure
that at part program begin all axes travel with a linear block (G0 or G1) to a defined position,
and the remaining part program is traversed reproducably. A tool which was active on
RESET may no longer be taken into account by the control (settable via machine data).
Extended Functions
7.2.5 Examples
7.2.5.1 Machining grooves on a cylinder surface with X-Y-Z-C kinematics

The example refers to the turning machine with an additional Y axis drawn in the following
figure.
<0
;0 &0
=0
$60
XM Infeed axis, perpendicular to rotary axis

YM Additional axis
ZM Axis is parallel to rotary axis
CM Rotary axis
ASM Main spindle
Machine axis name

Geometry axis names

Extended Functions
Channel axis names


TRACYL not active:
axis XC)
channel axis YC)
axis ZC)
TRACYL active:

XM)
YM)
ZM)
● MD20070 $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[ 3 ] = 1 (4th channel axis → 1st machine axis
CM)
ASM)
Extended Functions
Transformation type
● MD24100 $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_1 = 513 (TRACYL with groove side offset)

● MD24800 $MC_TRACYL_ROT_AX_OFFSET_1 = 0
Sign of rotary axis

● MD24810 $MC_TRACYL_ROT_SIGN_IS_PLUS_1 = FALSE
Basic offset of the tool zero relative to the geometry axes while TRACYL is active
● MD24820 $MC_TRACYL_BASE_TOOL_1 [ 0 ] = 0.0 (offset relative to 1st transformation
geometry axis)
● MD24820 $MC_TRACYL_BASE_TOOL_1 [ 1 ] = 0.0 (offset relative to 2nd transformation
geometry axis)
● MD24820 $MC_TRACYL_BASE_TOOL_1 [ 2 ] = 0.0 (offset relative to 3rd transformation
geometry axis)
TRACYL input axes

● MD24110 $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_1[ 0 ] = 1 (1st channel axis XC, perpendicular to the
rotary axis)
● MD24110 $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_1[ 1 ] = 4 (4th channel axis CC, rotary axis)
● MD24110 $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_1[ 2 ] = 3 (3rd channel axis ZC, parallel to the rotary
axis)
● MD24110 $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_1[ 3 ] = 2 (2nd channel axis YC, special axis)
Extended Functions
Programming
Producing a hook-shaped groove with groove side offset (TRACYL transformation type 513)
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Tool definition

; Tool parameters
$TC_DP1[1,1]=120 ; Tool type: Milling tool
$TC_DP2[1,1] = 0 ; Cutting edge position: For turning tools only

; Geometry: Length compensation
$TC_DP3[1,1]=8. ; Length compensation vector: Calculation acc. to
type
$TC_DP4[1,1]=9. ; Length compensation vector: Calculation accord-
ing to plane
$TC_DP5[1,1]=7.

; Geometry: Radius
$TC_DP6[1,1]=6. ; Radius
$TC_DP7[1,1]=0 ; Groove width b for slotting saw, rounding radi-
us for milling tools
$TC_DP8[1,1]=0 ; Projection k: For slotting saw only
$TC_DP9[1,1]=0
Extended Functions

$TC_DP10[1,1]=0
$TC_DP11[1,1]=0 ; Angle for tapered milling tools

; Wear: Length and radius compensation
$TC_DP12[1,1] =0 ; Remaining parameters to $TC_DP24=0 (basis di-
mension/adapter)
Groove machining on the cylinder surface

N10 T1 D1 G54 G90 F5000 G94 ; Tool selection, clamping compensation
N20 SPOS=0 ; Switchover of the spindle to rotary axis opera-
tion, positioning at 0 degrees
N30 G0 X25 Z110 ; Approach the start position
N40 TRACYL(40.) ; Activating TRACYL with the first TRACYL data set
and working diameter 40 mm
N50 G19 ; Machining plane Y/Z (cylinder surface)
N60 Y70 ; Positioning over the groove center
N70 G1 X15 ; Infeed tool to groove base
N80 OFFN=10 ; Define 10 mm groove side spacing relative to
groove center line
N90 Z100 G42 ; TRC selection and approach to right groove wall
; G42: TRC right of the progr. contour (≙ groove
center)
N100 Z50 ; Path I: Producing the groove section parallel
with the cylinder axis
N110 Y10 ; Path I: Producing the groove section parallel
with the circumference
N120 Y70 ; Path II: Producing the groove section parallel
with the circumference
N130 Z100 ; Path II: Producing the groove section parallel
with the cylinder axis
N140 Z110 G40 ; Travel away from the groove wall and TRC dese-
lection
N150 G0 X25 Y0 ; Return to the initial position
N170 TRAFOOF ; Deactivate transformation
N180 M30 ; End of program
Extended Functions
7.2.5.2 Machining grooves on a cylinder surface with X-Y-Z-A-C kinematics

The example refers to the 5-axis milling machine with an A- and a C-axis in the following figure.
630 =0
<0
;0
&0
$0
XM 1. axis of the machining plane

YM 2. axis of the machining plane
ZM Infeed axis
AM Rotary axis
CM Rotary axis
SPM Main spindle
Machine axis name

● MD10000 $MN_AXCONF_MACHAX_NAME_TAB[ 3 ] = "SPM"
● MD10000 $MN_AXCONF_MACHAX_NAME_TAB[ 4 ] = "AM"
Extended Functions
Geometry axis names

Channel axis names

● MD20080 $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[ 3 ] = "SPC"
● MD20080 $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[ 4 ] = "AC"

TRACYL not active:
axis XC)
channel axis YC)
axis ZC)
TRACYL active:
axis → 2nd channel axis YC)

● MD20070 $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[ 0 ] = 1 (1st channel axis → 1st machine axis
XM)
● MD20070 $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[ 1 ] = 2 (2nd channel axis → 2nd machine axis
YM)
● MD20070 $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[ 2 ] = 3 (3rd channel axis → 3rd machine axis
ZM)
SPM)
Extended Functions

AM)
CM)
Transformation type
● MD24200 $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_2 = 513 (TRACYL with groove side offset)

● MD24850 $MC_TRACYL_ROT_AX_OFFSET_2 = 0
Sign of rotary axis

● MD24860 $MC_TRACYL_ROT_SIGN_IS_PLUS_2 = FALSE
Basic offset of the tool zero relative to the geometry axes while TRACYL is active
● MD24870 $MC_TRACYL_BASE_TOOL_2 [ 0 ] = 0.0 (offset relative to 1st transformation
geometry axis)
● MD24870 $MC_TRACYL_BASE_TOOL_2 [ 1 ] = 0.0 (offset relative to 2nd transformation
geometry axis)
● MD24870 $MC_TRACYL_BASE_TOOL_2 [ 2 ] = 0.0 (offset relative to 3rd transformation
geometry axis)
TRACYL input axes

● MD24210 $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_2[ 0 ] = 3 (3rd channel axis ZC, perpendicular to the
rotary axis)
● MD24210 $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_2[ 1 ] = 6 (6th channel axis CC, rotary axis)
● MD24210 $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_2[ 2 ] = 2 (2nd channel axis YC, parallel with the rotary
axis)
● MD24210 $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_2[ 3 ] = 1 (1st channel axis XC, special axis)
Programming
N10 WORKPIECE(,"",,"CYLINDER",0,0,-180,-80,179) ; Blank definition
N20 M3 S2000 ; Setting spindle speed
Extended Functions
7.3 TRAANG oblique angle transformation (option)

N30 T="NUTFRAESER" M6 D1 ; Tool selection
N40 G0 G54 X0 Y-20 Z105 ; Positioning
N50 CYCLE800(0,"TABLE",100000,57,0,0,0,-90,0,0,0,0,0,-1,100,1) ; Rotate A-axis with swivel cycle
N60 G17 G90 ; Setting the machining plane
N70 G0 Y-10 Z100 G40 ; Positioning
N80 TRACYL(179, 2) ; Selecting the Tracyl data set
2 with groove wall offset
N90 OFFN=20 ; Setting the offset (half
groove width)
N100 G1 F500 X0 Z75 G42 ; Setting the starting point and
selecting the TRC
N110 Y30 ; Groove center path
N120 X-60 ; Groove center path
N130 X0 ; Groove center path
N140 Y-10 ; Groove center path
N150 Z105 G40 ; Retraction and deselection of
the TRC
N160 TRAFOOF ; Deselection of the transforma-
tion
N170 G0 X0 Y-20 Z115 ; Positioning retract movement
N180 M5 ; Spindle stop
N190 CYCLE800(0,"TABLE",100000,57,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1,100,1) ; Turn back A axis
7.3.1 Function
Note
The "Inclined axis" option under license is required for the function "Inclined axis (TRAANG)."
The angle transformation or "inclined axis" transformation permits programming in the

Cartesian workpiece coordinate system (WCS) on machines with inclined machine axes, a
typical axis arrangement on grinding machines.
The controller transforms the programmed traversing movements of the Cartesian coordinate
Standard case: Inclined infeed axis
Extended Functions
80
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X Geometry axis
Z Geometry axis
ZM Machine axis
UM Machine axis
α Angle of inclined axis
Note
different:
7.3.2.1 Overview

the channel)
● MD2xxxx $MC_TRAFO_INCLUDES_TOOL_<n> (tool handling with active <n>th
transformation)
Extended Functions

For TRAANG (type 1024), no more than two transformation data sets may be parameterized
in a channel:
● MD2xxxx $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_<x> = <TRAANG type>
● MD2xxxx $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_<y> = <TRAANG type>
Machine data: Transformation TRAANG

A TRAANG transformation is parameterized using the following machine data:
● MD2xxxx $MC_TRAANG_ANGLE_<n> (angle between longitudinal axis and inclined axis)
● MD2xxxx $MC_TRAANG_BASE_TOOL_<n> (basic offset of the tool zero)
● MD2xxxx $MC_TRAANG_PARALLEL_VELO_RES_<n> (velocity margin for the
compensation movements
of the longitudinal axis)
● MD2xxxx $MC_TRAANG_PARALLEL_ACCEL_RES_<n> (acceleration margin for the
compensation movements
of the longitudinal axis)
where <n> = 1, 2 (TRAANG data set number)
Extended Functions

The following shows an axis configuration that is typical of TRAANG.
0'
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0' &KDQQHO
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&KDQQHO
&KDQQHO

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&KDQQHO &KDQQHO
&KDQQHO &KDQQHO
VWFKDQQHOD[LV>@ =&
QGFKDQQHOD[LV>@ &&
UGFKDQQHOD[LV>@ $6&
WKFKDQQHOD[LV>@ 8&

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0$B63,1'B$66,*1B72B0$&+$; 0$B$;&21)B0$&+$;B1$0(B7$%
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① Effective if TRAANG is active.
Machine axis name

● MD10000 $MN_AXCONF_MACHAX_NAME_TAB[ 1 ] = "UM"
Extended Functions
Geometry axis names

Channel axis names

● MD20080 $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[ 3 ] = "UC"

TRAANG not active:
● MD20050 $MC_AXCONF_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB[ 2 ] = 1 (3rd geometry axis → 1st channel
axis ZC)
TRAANG active:
axis → 4th channel axis UC)
● MD24120 $MC_TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB_1[ 1 ] = 0 ( - )
axis → 1st channel axis ZC)

● MD20070 $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[ 0 ] = 3 (1st channel axis → 3rd machine axis
ZM)
● MD20070 $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[ 1 ] = 1 (2nd channel axis → 1st machine axis
CM)
ASM)
● MD20070 $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[ 3 ] = 2 (4th channel axis → 2nd machine axis
UM)
Extended Functions
Angle between longitudinal axis and inclined axis

● MD24700 $MC_TRAANG_ANGLE_<n> = <angle>
with -90° < angle < 90° , without 0°
The angle is counted positively in the clockwise direction starting at X (see Section "Function
(Page 431)": Angle α).
Base offset of the tool zero

The base offset of the tool zero is specified for the valid geometry axes for the active
transformation. The base offset is included with and without selection of the tool length
compensation. Programmed tool length compensations are added to the base tool.
● $MC_TRAANG_BASE_TOOL_<n>[ k ] = <base offset>
with k = 0, 1, 2 (1st - 3rd geometry axis)
Note
The tool zero is not converted when the angle is changed.
Optimization of velocity control

The machine data used to optimize the velocity control in jog mode and in positioning and
oscillation modes:
Speed margin
The machine data sets the speed margin for the compensation movements of the longitudinal
axis:
MD24720 $MC_TRAANG_PARALLEL_VELO_RES_<n> = <value>
<value> Meaning
0.0 The speed margin is determined by the NC depending on the angle of the inclined
axis and the speed capability of the inclined and the longitudinal axis so that the same
speed limitation results in the direction of the longitudinal axis and of the associated
perpendicular (virtual) axis.
> 0.0 Speed margin = <value> * (MD32000 $MA_MAX_AX_VELO of the longitudinal axis)
Acceleration margin
The machine data sets the acceleration margin for the compensation movements of the
longitudinal axis:
Extended Functions
$MC_TRAANG_PARALLEL_ACCEL_RES_<n> = <value>
<value> Meaning
0.0 The acceleration margin is determined by the NC depending on the angle of the
inclined axis and the acceleration capability of the inclined and the longitudinal axis
so that the same acceleration limitation results in the direction of the longitudinal axis
and of the associated perpendicular (virtual) axis.
> 0.0 Acceleration margin = <value> * (MD32300 $MA_MAX_AX_ACCEL of the longitudi‐
nal axis)
M code for transformation change

The specified M code is output for switching the transformation:
● MD22534 $MC_TRAFO_CHANGE_M_CODE = <value>
WARNING
No M code is output.
The values 0 to 6, 17 and 30 are not output to the PLC.
7.3.3 Programming
7.3.3.1 Activate skew angle transformation (TRAANG)

The oblique angle transformation (TRAANG) is activated in the part program or synchronized
action using the TRAANG statement.
Syntax
TRAANG
TRAANG()
TRAANG(, <n>)
TRAANG(<α>)
TRAANG(<α>,<n>)
Meaning
TRAANG/TRAANG(): Activate TRAANG with the first TRAANG data set and last valid angle
<α>
TRAANG(, <n>): Activate TRAANG with the <n>th TRAANG data set and last valid angle
<α>
TRAANG(<α>): Activate TRAANG with the first TRAANG data set and angle <α>
TRAANG(<α>,<n>): Activate TRAANG with the <n>th TRAANG data set and angle <α>
Extended Functions
<α>: Angle of the inclined axis (optional)

Range of values: -90° < α < + 90°
If the parameter is not specified, then the parameterized basic position
applies:
$MC_TRAANG_ANGLE_<n>
With <n> = TRAANG data set number
<n>: TRAANG data set number (optional)
Range of values: 1, 2
Note
A TRAANG transformation active in the channel is switched-off with:
● Activation of another transformation: E.g. TRACYL, TRANSMIT, TRAORI
Example
...
N20 TRAANG(45) ; Activate TRAANG with the first TRAANG data set and angle 45°
...
7.3.3.2 Oblique plunge-cutting on grinding machines (G5, G7)

The G commands G7 and G5 are used to simplify programming of oblique plunge-cutting on
grinding machines with "inclined axis (TRAANG)", so that when plunge cutting, only the inclined
axis is traversed.
Only the required end position of the plunge-cutting motion has to be programmed in X and
Z. For G7, starting from the actual position of the X axis, the NC calculates and approaches
the programmed end position and angle α of the inclined axis.
The starting position is calculated from the point where the two straight lines intersect:
● Straight line parallel to the Z axis, at a distance from the actual position of the X axis
● Straight line parallel to the inclined axis through the programmed end position
With the subsequent G5, the inclined axis is traversed to the programmed end position.
Syntax
G7 <Endpos_X> <Endpos_Z>
G5 <Endpos_X>
Extended Functions
Meaning
G7: Calculate the starting position for the oblique plunge-cutting and approach.
G5: Traverse the inclined axis to the programmed end position
<Endpos_X>: X axis end position
<Endpos_Z>: End position of the Z axis
Example
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① Parallel to the Z axis, at a distance from the actual position of the X axis
② Parallel to the inclined axis through the programmed end position
③ Starting position
④ Plunge-cutting: Starting position
⑤ Plunge-cutting: End position
X Geometry axis
Z Geometry axis
ZM Machine axis
UM Machine axis

N... G18 ; Select XZ plane.
N40 TRAANG (45.0) ; Activate TRAANG transformation, angle = 45°
N50 G7 X40 Z70 F4000 ; Calculate the starting position and approach
N60 G5 X40 F100 ; Traverse inclined axis to the end position.
N70 ...
7.3.4 Boundary conditions

The transformation can be selected and deselected via part program or MDA.
Extended Functions
Selection and deselection

● An intermediate motion block is not inserted (phases/radii).
● A spline block sequence must be terminated.
● Tool radius compensation must be deselected.
● The current frame is deselected by the control system.
(corresponds to programmed G500).
● An active working area limitation is deselected by the control for the axes affected by the
transformation (corresponds to programmed WALIMOF).
● An activated tool length compensation is included in the transformation by the control.
● Continuous path control and rounding are interrupted.
● DRF offsets must have been deleted by the operator.
● All axes specified in machine data MD24110 $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_n must be
synchronized on a block-related basis (e.g. no traversing instruction with POSA...).
Tool change
Tools may only be changed when the tool radius compensation function is deselected.
Frame
All instructions which refer exclusively to the base coordinate system are permissible (FRAME,
tool radius compensation). Unlike the procedure for inactive transformation, however, a frame
change with G91 (incremental dimension) is not specially treated. The increment to be
traversed is evaluated in the workpiece coordinate system of the new frame - regardless of
which frame was effective in the previous block.
Extensions
When TRAANG is selected and deselected, the assignment between geometry axes and
channel axes can change. The user can apply these geometric contour sections to the axial
frame as a translation, rotation, scaling and mirroring in relation to the x and z plane with respect
to the inclined infeed axis.
For additional information on these frame corrections with transformations, see:
References:
Function Manual, Basic Functions; Axes, Coordinate Systems, Frames (K2)
Exceptions
Axes affected by the transformation cannot be used
● As a preset axis (alarm)
● To approach the fixed point (alarm)
● For referencing (alarm)
Extended Functions
Velocity control
The velocity monitoring function for TRAANG is implemented as standard during preprocessing.
Monitoring and limitation in the main run are activated:
● In AUTOMATIC mode, if a positioning or oscillation axis has been programmed that is
involved in the transformation.
● On changeover to JOG mode
The monitoring function is transferred again from the main run to block preprocessing if the
preprocessing is re-synchronized with the main run (currently, for example, on changeover
from JOG to AUTOMATIC).
The velocity monitoring function in preprocessing utilizes the dynamic limitations of the
machine better than the monitoring function in the main run.
This also applies to machines on which oblique machining operations are performed.
7.3.5 Example
The example refers to the axis configuration shown in the following figure.
80
˞
*ULQGLQJZKHHO
;
&0
$60
==0
:RUNSLHFH
X Geometry axis
Z Geometry axis
ZM Machine axis
UM Machine axis
α Angle of inclined axis
Machine axis name

● MD10000 $MN_AXCONF_MACHAX_NAME_TAB[ 1 ] = "UM"
Extended Functions

Geometry axis names

Channel axis names

● MD20080 $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[ 3 ] = "UC"

TRAANG not active:
● MD20050 $MC_AXCONF_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB[ 2 ] = 1 (3rd geometry axis → 1st channel
axis ZC)
TRAANG active:
axis → 4th channel axis UC)
● MD24120 $MC_TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB_1[ 1 ] = 0 ( - )
axis → 1st channel axis ZC)

● MD20070 $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[ 0 ] = 3 (1st channel axis → 3rd machine axis
ZM)
● MD20070 $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[ 1 ] = 1 (2nd channel axis → 1st machine axis
CM)
ASM)
● MD20070 $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[ 3 ] = 2 (4th channel axis → 2nd machine axis
UM)
Extended Functions

Transformation type
● MD24100 $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_1 = 1024 (TRAANG)
Angle between Cartesian axis and real (oblique) axis

● MD24700 $MC_TRAANG_ANGLE_1 = 45.
Basic offset of the tool zero relative to the geometry axes while TRAANG is active
● MD24710 $MC_TRAANG_BASE_TOOL_1 [0] = 0.0 (offset relative to 1st transformation
geometry axis)
● MD24710 $MC_TRAANG_BASE_TOOL_1 [1] = 0.0 (offset relative to 2nd transformation
geometry axis)
● MD24710 $MC_TRAANG_BASE_TOOL_1 [2] = 0.0 (offset relative to 3rd transformation
geometry axis)
TRAANG input axes

● MD24110 $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_1[ 0 ] = 4 (4th channel axis UC, inclined axis)
● MD24110 $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_1[ 1 ] = 1 (1st channel axis ZC, parallel with the Z axis)
● MD24110 $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_1[ 2 ] = 0 ( - )
Programming example
N10 G0 G90 Z0 UM=10 G54 F5000 G18 G64 T1 D1 ; XZ planes, tool selection, clamping compensation
N20 TRAANG(45) ; Activate TRAANG with the first TRAANG data set
and angle 45°
N30 G0 Z10 X5 ; Approach the start position
N40 WAITP(Z) ; Wait for end of travel of the Z axis
N50 OSP1[Z]=10 OSP2[Z]=5 OST1[Z]=–2 OST2[Z]=–2 ; Oscillating motion
FA[Z]=5000 ; OSP1/OSP2: Left/right reversal point
; OST1/OST2: Stopping point at the left/right re-
versal point
N60 OS[Z]=1 ; Activate oscillation
N70 POS[X]=4.5 FA[X]=50 ; Position X axis in parallel
N80 OS[Z]=0 ; Deactivate oscillation
N90 WAITP(Z) ; Wait for end of travel of the Z axis
N100 TRAFOOF ; Deactivate transformation
N110 G0 Z10 UM=10 ; Retract
N120 M30
Extended Functions
7.4 Chained transformations
7.4.1 Function
7.4.1.1 Introduction
Two transformations can be chained so that the motion components for the axes from the first
transformation are used as input data for the chained second transformation. The motion
components from the second transformation act on the machine axes.
Conditions
● The chain normally consists of two transformations.
Exception: For testing purposes, it is permissible to enter only one transformation in the
chaining list.
● The first transformation can be:
– Orientation transformations (TRAORI), incl. universal milling head
Reference:
Function Manual, Special Function; Multi-Axis Transformations (F2)
– TRANSMIT
– TRACYL
– TRAANG
● The second transformation must be "Inclined axis" (TRAANG).
Note
different:
Applications
The following is a selection from the range of possible chained transformations:
● Grinding contours that are programmed as a side line of a cylinder (TRACYL) using an
inclined grinding wheel, for example, tool grinding.
● Finish cutting of a contour that is not round and was generated with TRANSMIT using an
inclined grinding wheel.
Extended Functions
Axis configuration
The following configuration measures are necessary for a chained transformation:
● Assignment of names to geometry axes
● Assignment of names to channel axes
● Assignment of geometry axes to channel axes
– general situation (no transformation active)
● Assignment of channel axes to machine axis numbers
● Identification of spindle, rotation, modulo for axes
● Allocation of machine axis names.
● Transformation-specific settings (for individual transformations and for chained
transformations)
– Transformation type
– axes going into transformation
– Assignment of geometry axes to channel axes during active transformation
– depending on transformation, rotational position of the co-ordinate system, tool zero
point in relation to the original co-ordinate system, angle of the inclined axis, etc.
Number of transformations
Up to ten transformation data blocks can be defined for each channel in the system. The
machine data names of these transformations begin with $MC_TRAFO .. and end with ... _n,
where n stands for a number between 1 and 10.
Number of chained transformations

Within the maximum of 10 transformations of a channel, a maximum of two chained
transformations may be defined.
Transformation sequence
When configuring the machine data, the data concerning the single transformations (that may
also become part of chained transformations) must be specified before the data concerning
the chained transformations.
Chaining sequence
With chained transformations the second transformation must be "inclined axis" (TRAANG).
Chaining direction
The BCS is the input for the first of the transformations to be chained; the MCS is the output
for the second one.
Extended Functions
The supplementary conditions and special cases indicated in the individual transformation
descriptions are also applicable for use in chained transformations.
Tool data
A tool is always assigned to the first transformation in a chain. The subsequent transformation
then behaves as if the active tool length were zero. Only the basic tool lengths set in the
machine data (_BASE_TOOL_) are valid for the first transformation in the chain.
7.4.1.2 System variables

System variables having the following content are provided for machines with system or OEM
transformations, especially for chained transformations (TRACON):
Type System variable Meaning

REAL $AA_ITR[ax,n] Current setpoint value at output of the nth transformation
REAL $AA_IBC[ax] Current setpoint value of a cartesian axis
REAL $VA_ITR[ax,n] Current actual value at output of the nth transformation
REAL $VA_IBC[ax] Current cartesian BCS encoder position of an axis
REAL $VA_IW[ax] Current WCS actual value of an axis
REAL $VA_IB[ax] Current BCS encoder position of an axis
The following must be observed with reference to the control system responses:
● POWER ON
The encoder position has the value 0 for not-referenced axes. The encoder actual values
are inverse-transformed accordingly for the $VA variables.
● RESET
An active transformation can change in RESET, which has a direct influence on the values
of the system variables. An active transformation which is active again after RESET, is
deactivated for a short duration and then reactivated. This has a direct influence on the
position variables. The values of variables can change.
Via the variable:
$AC_STAT == 0
this status can be queried in synchronous actions.
Extended Functions
$AA_ITR[ <axis>, <transformer layer> ]

The $AA_ITR[ax,n] variable determines the setpoint position of an axis at the output of the nth
chained transformation.
\ \ \ \ \
[ [ [ [ [
] ] ] ] ]
%&6 7UDQVI 7UDQVI 7UDQVI 7UDQVI 0&6
/D\HU
/D\HU
/D\HU
/D\HU
/D\HU
Figure 7-14 Transformer layer
Transformer layer
The 2nd index of the variable corresponds to the transformer layer in which the positions are
tapped:
● Transformer layer 0: The positions correspond to the BCS positions, i.e.:
$AA_ITR[x,0] == $AA_IB[x]
● Transformer layer 1: Setpoint positions at output of 1st transformation
● Transformer layer 2: Setpoint positions at output of 2nd transformation
● Transformer layer 3: Setpoint positions at output of 3rd transformation
● Transformer layer 4: Setpoint positions at output of 4th transformation, i.e.
$AA_ITR[x,4] == $AA_IM[x]
If one or more transformations of the transformer chain are missing, the highest layers continue
to deliver the same values. If, e.g. Transformer 3 and Transformer 4 are missing, this
corresponds to:
$AA_ITR[x,2] = $AA_ITR[x,3] = $AA_ITR[x,4] = $AA_IM[x]
If the transformations are shut off via TRAFOOF or in RESET, the Layers 0 to 4 fuse together
and the variable always delivers the BCS value (Layer 0) in this case.
Axis
Either a geometry, channel or a machine axis name is permissible as the 1st index of the
variable. The assignment of the channel axes to the geometry axes corresponding to the 0
layer takes place during the programming of geometry axis name in each transformer layer.
Using geometry axis names is meaningful only if the geometry axes are not switched over.
Otherwise it is always better to use channel axis names.
Extended Functions
$AA_IBC[ <axis>]
The variable $AA_IBC[ax] determines the setpoint position of a cartesian axis lying between
BCS and MCS. If an axis is cartesian at the output of the nth transformation, then this output
value is delivered. If the corresponding axis at the output of all transformations is not cartesian,
then the BCS value including all BCS offsets of the axis are determined.
If TRACON responds to an axis as cartesian, then its MCS value is delivered. The used axis
name can be a geometry, channel or a machine axis name.
$VA_ITR[ <axis>, <transformer layer> ]

The variable $VA_ITR[ax,n] determines the encoder position of an axis at the output of the nth
chained transformation.
$VA_IBC[ <axis>]
The variable $VA_IBC[ax] determines the encoder position of a cartesian axis lying between
BCS and MCS. The used axis name can be a geometry, channel or a machine axis name.
If an axis at the output of the nth transformation is cartesian, then this output value is delivered.
If the corresponding axis at the output of all transformations is not cartesian, then the BCS
value of the axis is determined.
$VA_IW[ <axis>]
The variable $VA_IW[ax] determines the encoder position of an inverse-transformed axis in
WCS. The WCS value contains all axis-related superimposition portions (DRF, AA_OFF, ext.
zero offset etc.) and offset values (CEC, etc.).
$VA_IB[ <axis>]
The variable $VA_IB[ax] determines the inverse-transformed encoder position of an axis in
BCS. The BCS value contains all axis-related superimposition portions (DRF, AA_OFF, ext.
zero offset etc.) and offset values (CEC, etc.).
Note
$VA_ITR$, VA_IBC, $VA_IW, $VA_IB
The value of the variable does not change while reading the variable within an IPO cycle,
although the actual value could have changed.
In active transformations, one must consider that the transformation of the actual values into
BCS in the IPO cycle can be very time-consuming. In this case one must set an adequate IPO
cycle.
Extended Functions
7.4.2 Programming
The TRAANG transformation is activated in the part program or synchronized action using the
TRACON statement.
Syntax
TRACON(<Trafo_No>,<Par_1>,<Par_2,...)
...
TRAFOOF
Meaning
TRACON: Activate concatenated transformation

If another transformation was previously activated, it is implicitly deactivated by
TRACON().
<Trafo_No>: Number of the concatenated transformation:
Type: INT
Range of val‐ 0 ... 2
ues:
Value: 0, 1 First/only concatenated transformation
2 Second concatenated transformation
Not specified Same meaning as with 0 or 1
Note:
Values not equal to 0, 1, 2 generate an error alarm.
<Par_1>,<Par_ Parameters for the concatenated transformations (e.g. angle of the inclined axis)
2,...: If parameters are not set, the defaults or the parameters last used take effect.
Commas must be used to ensure that the specified parameters are evaluated in
the sequence in which they are expected, if default settings are to be effective for
previous parameters. In particular, a comma is required before at least one pa‐
rameter, even though it is not necessary to specify <Trafo_No>. For example
TRACON( , 3.7).
TRAFOOF: Deactivate the last activated (concatenated) transformation
Example
...
N230 TRACON(1,45.) ; Activate first concatenated transformation.
; The previously active transformation is automatical-
ly deselected.
; The parameter for the inclined axis is 45°.
...
N330 TRACON(2,40.) ; Activate second concatenated transformation.
...
Extended Functions

N380 TRAFOOF ; Deactivate second concatenated transformation.
...
7.4.3 Examples
7.4.3.1 Application example of chained transformations

The following example is intended to show:
● The general channel configuration
● Single transformations
● Chained transformations consisting of previously defined single transformations
● Activation of single transformations
● Activation of chained transformations
The following transformations are to be defined in the channel:
Data set Transformation

1 TRAORI
5-axis transformation with rotatable tool and axis sequence AB (trafo type 16)
2 TRANSMIT
End face transformation (trafo type 256)
3 TRAANG
Angle transformation (trafo type 1024)
4 TRAORI + TRAANG
First chained transformation (trafo type 8192)
5 TRANSMIT + TRAANG
Second chained transformation (trafo type 8192)
General channel configuration
CHANDATA(1) ; Channel data in channel 1

MD20070 $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[0]=1
MD20070 $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[2] = 3
Extended Functions
MD20080 $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[3]="A"
MD20080 $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[4]="B"
MD20080 $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[5] = "C"
MD36902 $MA_IS_ROT_AX[ AX4 ] = TRUE
MD35000 $MA_SPIND_ASSIGN_TO_MACHAX[AX5]= 0
MD35000 $MA_SPIND_ASSIGN_TO_MACHAX[AX7] = 1
MD35000 $MA_ROT_IS_MODULO[AX7] = TRUE
Single transformations
; 1. TRAORI
MD24470 $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_1= 16 ; TRAORI: A-B kinematics
MD24410 $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_1[0]=1
MD24120$MC_TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB_1[0]=1
MD24550$MC_TRAFO5_BASE_TOOL_1[0]=0
; 2. TRANSMIT
MD24200 $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_2 = 256 ; TRANSMIT
MD24210 $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_2[0] = 1
MD24220 $MC_TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB_2[0] =1
Extended Functions
; 3. TRAANG
MD24300 $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_3 = 1024 ; TRAANG
MD24700 $MC_TRAANG_ANGLE_1 = 45.
MD24720 $MC_TRAANG_PARALLEL_VELO_RES_1 = 0.2
MD24721 $MC_TRAANG_PARALLEL_ACCEL_RES_1 = 0.2
MD24710 $MC_TRAANG_BASE_TOOL_1 [0] = 0.0
Chained transformations
; 4. TRACON (chaining TRAORI + TRAANG)

MD24400 $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_4 = 8192
MD24995 $MC_TRACON_CHAIN_1[0] = 1
; 5. TRACON (chaining TRANSMIT + TRAANG)

Extended Functions
Programming example
Note
The following programming example assumes that the angle of the "inclined axis" can be set
on the machine and is set to 0° when the single transformation is activated.

; Tool specification
$TC_DP1[1,1]=120 ;Tool type
$TC_DP3[1,1]=10 ; Tool length
N2 X0 Y0 Z0 A0 B0 F20000 T1 D1
N4 X20
; Call single transformations
N30 TRANSMIT ; Activate TRANSMIT
N40 X0 Y20
N50 X-20 Y0
N60 X0 Y-20
N70 X20 Y0
N80 TRAFOOF ; Deactivate TRANSMIT
N130 TRAANG(45.) ; Activate inclined axis transformation, parame-
ter: Angle 45°
N140 X0 Y0 Z20
N150 X-20 Z0
N160 X0 Z-20
N170 X20 Z0
...
; Activate chained transformations
N230 TRACON(1,45.) ; Activate the first chained transformation
(TRAORI + TRAANG).
; The previously active transformation is automat-
ically deselected.
N240 X10 Y0 Z0 A3=-1 C3=1 ORIWKS
N250 X10 Y20 B3=1 C3=1
...
N330 TRACON(2,40.) ; Activate the second chained transformation
(TRANSMIT + TRAANG).
N335 X20 Y0 Z0
N340 X0 Y20 Z10
N350 X-20 Y0 Z0
N360 X0 Y-20 Z0
N370 X20 Y0 Z0
N380 TRAFOOF ; Deactivate second chained transformation
Extended Functions

...
N1000 M30
7.4.3.2 Determining the axis positions in the transformation chain

Two chained transformations are configured in the following example, and the system variables
for determining the axis positions in the synchronous action are read cyclically in the part
program.

[ ;0

\
75$160,7 75$$1* <0

] =0

\ &

[

\ 75$&</ 75$$1*

]

\
CHANDATA(1)
MD24100 $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_1=256 ; TRANSMIT

MD24120 $MC_TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB_1 [0] = 2
Extended Functions
MD24200 $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_2=512 ; TRACYL

MD24300 $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_3=1024 ; TRAANG

MD24700 $MC_TRAANG_ANGLE_1 = 45.
1st TRANSMIT / TRAANG chaining

MD24400 $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_4=8192 ; TRACON (1)
2nd TRACYL / TRAANG chaining

MD24430 $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_5=8192 ; TRACON (2)
MD24996 $MC_TRACON_CHAIN_2[2]=0
MD24996 $MC_TRACON_CHAIN_2[3]=0
Extended Functions
M17
Programming example
N10 $TC_DP1[1,1]=120
N20 $TC_DP3[1,1]= 20
N30 $TC_DP4[1,1]=0
N40 $TC_DP5[1,1]=0
N50
N60 X0 Y0 Z0 F20000 T1 D1
N70
N80 ; Cyclic reading of the variables in the synchron-
ized action
N90 ID=1 WHENEVER TRUE DO $R0=$AA_ITR[X,0] $R1=$AA_ITR[X,1] $R2=$AA_ITR[X,2]
N100 ID=2 WHENEVER TRUE DO $R3=$AA_IBC[X] $R4=$AA_IBC[Y] $R5=$AA_IBC[Z]
N110 ID=3 WHENEVER TRUE DO $R6=$VA_IW[X]-$AA_IW[X]
N120 ID=4 WHENEVER TRUE DO $R7=$VA_IB[X]-$AA_IB[X]
N130 ID=5 WHENEVER TRUE DO $R8=$VA_IBC[X]-$AA_IBC[X]
N140 ID=6 WHENEVER TRUE DO $R9=$VA_ITR[X,1]-$AA_ITR[X,1]
N150
N160 ; 1. TRANSMIT / TRAANG chaining
N170 TRACON(1,)
N180 X20 Y0 Z0
N190 X0 Y20 Z10
N200 X-20 Y0 Z0
N210 X0 Y-20 Z0
N220 X20 Y0 Z0
N230 TRAFOOF
N240
N250 ; 2. TRACYL/ TRAANG chaining
N260 TRACON (2, 40.)
N270 X20 Y0 Z0
N280 X0 Y20 Z10
N290 X-20 Y0 Z0
N300 X0 Y-20 Z0
N310 X20 Y0 Z0
N320 TRAFOOF
N330
Extended Functions
7.5 Persistent transformation

N340 M30
Function
A persistent transformation is always active and has a relative effect to the other explicitly
selected transformations. Other selected transformation are computed as the first chained
transformation in relation to the persistent transformation.
Transformations such as TRANSMIT that must be selected in relation to the persistent
transformation must be parameterized in a chain with the persistent transformation by means
of TRACON. It is the first chained transformation rather than the TRACON transformation which
is programmed in the part program.
For additional programming tips see
References:
Programming Manual, Job Planning; Transformations "Chained Transformation"
Selection and deselection

Persistent transformation is selected via the following machine data:
MD20144 $MC_TRAFO_MODE_MASK, Bit 0 = 1
MD20144 $MC_TRAFO_RESET_VALUE defines persistent transformation.
MD20140 $MC_TRAFO_RESET_VALUE=Number of the transformation data set of the
persistent transformation
In addition the following must be set (i.e. noted):
MD20110 $MC_RESET_MODE_MASK
Bit 0 = 1 (Bit 7 is evaluated)
Bit 7 =0 (MD20140 $MC_TRAFO_RESET_VALUE determines the transformation data set)
MD20112 $MC_START_MODE_MASK (MD20140 $MC_TRAFO_RESET_VALUE)
MD20118 $MC_GEOAX_CHANGE_RESET= TRUE (i.e. geometry axes are reset).
If this additional data is not parameterized correctly,
alarm 14404 is generated.
With TRAFOOF the active TRACON is deselected and the persistent transformation is
automatically selected.
Effects on HMI operation

As a transformation is always active with the persistent transformation, the HMI user interface
is adapted accordingly for the selection and deselection of transformations:
Extended Functions
TRACON on HMI
Accordingly the HMI operator interface does not display TRACON, but the first chain
transformation of TRACON e.g. TRANSMIT . Accordingly, the transformation type of the 1st
chained transformation is returned by the corresponding system variable, i.e. $P_TRAFO and
$AC_TRAFO. Cycles written in TRANSMIT can then be used directly.
TRACOOF on HMI
In accordance with the TRAFOOF programming instruction no transformation is displayed in
the G code list on the HMI user interface. System variables $P_TRAFO and $AC_TRAFO
therefore return a value of 0, the persistent transformation is operative and the BCS and MCS
coordinate systems do not coincide. The displayed MCS position always refers to the actual
machine axes.
System variable
New system variables return the transformation types of the active chained transformations.
Description NCK variable

no transformation active: 0 $P_TRAFO_CHAIN[0]
one transformation active: Type of 1st chained transfor‐
mation with TRACON, or type of active transformation if
not TRACON
no transformation active: 0 $P_TRAFO_CHAIN[1]
one transformation active: Type of 2nd chained transfor‐ $AC_TRAFO_CHAIN[1]
mation with TRACON
are only used if more than 2 transformations are chained. $P_TRAFO_CHAIN[2]
These variables presently only return 0. $AC_TRAFO_CHAIN[2] and
$P_TRAFO_CHAIN[3]
$AC_TRAFO_CHAIN[3]
Display persistent transformation:

$P_TRAFO_CHAIN[0], $AC_TRAFO_CHAI[0]
These settings allow an active transformation to be displayed reliably in the part program or
in cycles.
Difference between a TRACON and the other transformations:
$P_TRAFO, $AC_TRAFO if no transformation is active, or $P_TRAFO_CHAIN[1],
$AC_TRAFO_CHAI[1] is interrogated for a value other than zero.
Frames
Frame adjustments for selection and deselection of the TRACON are carried out as if there
was only the first chained transformation. Transformations on the virtual axis cease to be
effective when TRAANG is selected.
JOG
The persistent transformation remains in effect when traversing with JOG.
Extended Functions
The persistent transformation does not change the principle operating sequences in the NCK.
All restrictions applying to an active transformation also apply to the persistent
transformation.
A RESET command still deselects any active transformation completely; the persistent
transformation is selected again. The persistent transformation is not reselected under error
conditions. A corresponding alarm is generated to indicate the error constellation.
Alarm 14401 or 14404 can be activated when TRAANG is the persistent transformation. When
the persistent transformation is active, other transformation alarms may generated in response
to errors depending on the transformation type selected.
The transformation is deselected implicitly during referencing. A RESET or START command
must be issued after referencing, in order to reselect the persistent transformation.
Example
For a lathe with an inclined additional Y axis, the transformation of the inclined axis should be
part of the machine configuration and therefore does not have to be considered by the
programmer. With TRACYL or TRANSMIT transformations are selected, which must then
include the TRAANG. When the programmed transformations are deactivated, TRAANG is
automatically activated again. In the HMI operator interface TRACYL or TRANSMIT is
displayed.
Machine data for a turning machine with Y1 axis inclined in relation to X1 but perpendicular to
Z1.
CANDATA (1)
; Kinematic without transformations
MD20080 $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[1] = "Y2"
MD20050 $MC_AXCONF_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB[0] = 1
; Data for TRAANG
MD24100 $MC_TRAFO_TYP_1 = 1024; TRAANG Y1 axis inclined to X1, perpendicular to Z1
MD24120 $MC_TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB_1[0]=1
MD24700 $MC_TRAANG_ANGLE_1 = 60
Extended Functions

; Definition of persistent transformation
MD20144 $MC_TRAFO_MODE_MASK = 1
MD20140 $MC_TRAFO_RESET_VALVUE= 1
MD20110 $MC_RESET_MODE_MASK = 'H01'
MD20112 $MC_START_MODE_MASK = 'H80'
MD20140 $MC_TRAFO_RESET_VALUE
MD20118 $MC_GEOAX_CHANGE_RESET= TRUE
; Data for TRANSMIT, TRACYL
MD24911 $MC_TRANSMIT_POLE_SIDE_FIX_1 = 1 ; also 2, causes alarm 21617
MD24200 $MC_TRAFO_TYP_2 = 257
; Data for TRACON
; TRACON chaining TRANSMIT 514/TRAANG(Y1 axis inclined in relation to X1)
Extended Functions
; TRACON chaining TRANSMIT 257/TRAANG(Y1 axis inclined in relation to X1)
MD24996 $MC-TRACON_CHAIN_2[0] = 2
MD24996 $MC-TRACON_CHAIN_2[1] = 1
M17
; matching part program:
$TC_DP1[1,1]=120 ; tool type
$TC_DP2[1,1] = 0
$TC_DP3[1,1]=3 ; length compensation vector
$TC_DP4[1,1]=25
$TC_DP5[1.1] =5
$TC_DP6[1,1]= 2; Radius; tool radius
; transformation change:
N1000 G0 X0 Y=0 Z0 A80 G603 SOFT G64
N1010 N1020 X10 Y20 Z30 ; TRAANG(,1) not possible, since automatically selected
N1110 TRANSMIT(1) N1120 X10 Y20 Z30N1130 Y2=0 ; TRACON(2) not necessary, since
translated automatically
N1210 TRAFOOF ; TRAANG(,1) not necessary, since translated automatically
N1220 X10 Y20 Z30
M30
Extended Functions
7.6 Cartesian PTP travel
7.6.1 Function
Precondition
Cartesian point-to-point or PTP travel can only be activated if one of the following
transformations is active:
● Orientation transformation (TRAORI)
● Face end transformation (TRANSMIT)
● Concatenated transformation (TRACON), provided that the first concatenated
transformation supports PTP travel
Without active transformation, alarm 14146 "CP or PTP motion without transformation not
permitted" is output.
Note
The axes of the transformation must not simultaneously be positioning axes.
Function
With the Cartesian PTP travel, in G0 and G1 sets it is possible to approach a point programmed
as a Cartesian destination point with a synchronous axis movement.
Regarding the traversing movement, the Cartesian PTP travel acts as though no
transformation is active The position data in the part program continue to be in the Cartesian
workpiece coordinate system. Programmed frames (coordinate movements and rotations)
remain valid. The display is also in the Cartesian workpiece coordinate system.
The movement in the Cartesian PTP travel is described by a starting and end position of the
axes. The path of the movement described by the individual axes from the starting to the end
position is not specified by the controller by means of path interpolation points and can
therefore not be predicted. The axes only have to reach their specified target position.
Interaction between the axis movements only exists in regard to time, i.e. all axis start
simultaneously and are stopped at the same time when the target position has been reached.
The slowest axis determines the total traverse time.
One sensible usage option is to travel by a singularity. If Cartesian positions are available,
which are provided by a CAD/CAM system for example, this has the benefit of not having to
convert them into machine axis values. Furthermore, direct traversing of the machine axes is
time-optimized compared to Cartesian traversing with active transformation and programmed
feed. The result of this would either be a corresponding reduction of the feedrate when
Extended Functions
traversing through the singularity (speed planning in preprocessing) or an overload of the axis
if no speed planning is carried out in preprocessing.
Note
Cartesian PTP travel is only permissible in conjunction with the interpolation types G0 and G1.
Versions
Three versions are available for Cartesian PTP travel:
● PTP
The programmed Cartesian position in G0 and G1 blocks is approached with synchronous
axis motion.
● PTPG0
Only in G0 blocks is the programmed Cartesian position approached with synchronous axis
motion. In G1 blocks, it is switched to the type of motion CP (CP = Continuous Path) and
the position is approached with a Cartesian path motion.
● PTPWOC (only for orientation transformation)
Just the same as PTP, however, without any compensatory motion, which is caused by
motion of rotary axes and orientation axes.
Since the transformation, which compensates the movement of the tool tip (TCP) during
orientation changes, is not active, the position of the TCP in the workpiece coordinate
system must generally also be changed if no linear axes involved in the transformation are
programmed.
Programmed linear axis movements are carried out in the workpiece coordinate system
that applies at the beginning of the block and overlays the simultaneously programmed
rotary axis movements if applicable. The block end point that is reached in the workpiece
coordinate system is therefore generally not the same as the programmed end point.
NOTICE
Risk of collision
For PTP travel it must be observed that in part there are significantly different tool movements
than with CP!
This must especially be considered for PTPG0, because subprograms can be created with
it independently of the active transformation. With active front-end transformation
(TRANSMIT), however, entirely different collision risks may occur than with an orientation
transformation (TRAORI).
For PTP travel with active front-end transformation (TRANSMIT), machine axes basically
travel the shortest path. Minor displacements of the block end point can cause the rotary axis
to rotate by +179.99° instead of + -179.99°. This results in a completely different motion, even
though the block end point has hardly changed.
Extended Functions
PTP/CP switchover in the NC program

The switchover between the Cartesian path movement (CP) and the Cartesian PTP travel in
the NC program is done via the commands of the G group 49 (see "Activating/deactivating
Cartesian PTP travel (PTP, PTPG0, PTPWOC, CP) (Page 466)").
PTP/CP switchover in JOG mode

You can also switch between the Cartesian path movement (CP) and the Cartesian PTP travel
in JOG mode.
Switchover is carried out using the NC/PLC interface signal:
DB21, ... DBX29.4 (activate PTP travel)
Note
DB21, ... DBX29.4 is only effective in JOG mode when the transformation is active.
The active type of motion is reported via the following NC/PLC interface signal:
DB21, ... DBX317.6 (PTP travel active)
7.6.2 Commissioning
7.6.2.1 Response after POWER ON

After Power On, traversing mode CP is automatically effective for axis traversal with
transformation.
The default can be switched over to Cartesian PTP travel via the following machine data:
MD20150 $MC_GCODE_RESET_VALUES[48] (initial setting of G group 49)
Value Meaning
1 CP (default setting)
2 PTP
3 PTPG0
4 PTPWOC
7.6.2.2 Response after reset/part program end

Which command from G group 49 takes effect after a reset/part program end depends on the
setting in the machine data:
Extended Functions
MD20152 $MC_GCODE_RESET_MODE[48] (reset behavior of G group 49)
Value Meaning
0 The default command in MD20150 $MC_GCODE_RESET_VALUES[48] becomes ef‐
fective (default setting).
1 The command that was active before the reset/part program end remains effective.
7.6.2.3 Consideration of the SW limits during PTP travel
Function
With Cartesian PTP travel, a rotary axis is normally traversed according to the strategy
"shortest path" if no position information has been programmed via the operation TU
(Page 470). To prevent a software limit switch being overtraveled when the target position is
behind the software limit switch, the user can use the "Consideration of the SW limits during
PTP travel" function. The rotary axis is then traversed with the strategy "long path" instead of
"shortest path" if overtravel of the software limit switch would happen, i.e. the opposite
traversing direction as with the "shortest path" strategy.
Requirement
The function can only be used when the relevant axis has been referenced.
Activation
The "Consideration of the SW limits during PTP travel" function can be activated separately
for each axis.
This setting is made via bit 14 in the axial machine data:
MD30455 $MA_MISC_FUNCTION_MASK
Bit 14 =0 With Cartesian PTP travel, the strategy "shortest path" is retained for software
limit switch overtravel of a rotary axis (basic setting).
=1 The strategy "long path" is used when during Cartesian PTP travel a rotary axis
with the strategy "shortest path" would overtravel the software limit switch.
Modulo rotary axes

With modulo rotary axes, the strategy "long path" can only be used when the software limit
switch monitoring has been selected for the relevant axis:
DB31, ... DBX12.4 (modulo rotary axis: Activate traversing range limits) = 1
Example
Axis 6 is to traverse from +150° t +240°. The software limit switch is at +200°.
Extended Functions
If for axis 6, bit 14 in MD30455 $MA_MISC_FUNCTION_MASK is set to "1", axis 6 is traversed

to -120°.
7.6.3 Programming
7.6.3.1 Activating/deactivating Cartesian PTP travel (PTP, PTPG0, PTPWOC, CP)

The Cartesian point-to-point or PTP travel is activated/deactivated in the NC program using
G group 49 commands.
The commands are modal. The default setting is travel with Cartesian path motion (CP).
Contrary to CP, for active PTP travel, only the Cartesian target point is transformed, and the
machine axes are traversed in synchronism.
In order that the Cartesian target point can be uniquely converted into machine axis values,
in addition to position and angular data, information is also necessary that identifies the axis
positions. This data is retrieved from the adjustable addresses STAT (Page 467) andTU
(Page 470).
Precondition
Orientation transformation (TRAORI) or face end transformation (TRANSMIT) is active.
Syntax
PTP / PTPG0 / PTPWOC
...
CP
Meaning
PTP: Activating point-to-point motion PTP

The programmed Cartesian position in G0 and G1 blocks is approached with synchro‐
nous axis motion.
PTPG0: Activating point-to-point motion PTPG0
Only in G0 blocks is the programmed Cartesian position approached with synchronous
axis motion. In G1 blocks, a switchover is made to CP path motion.
PTPWOC: Activate point-to-point movement PTPWOC (only possible if orientation transformation
is active)
Just the same as PTP, however, without any compensatory motion, which is caused
by motion of rotary axes and orientation axes.
CP: Deactivating point-to-point motion and activating path motion CP
Cartesian path motion is executed with CP.
Extended Functions
Examples
See:
● Example 1: PTP and TRAORI (Page 472)
● Example 2: PTPG0 and TRANSMIT (Page 473)
7.6.3.2 Specify the position of the joints (STAT)

Position data with Cartesian coordinates and specification of the tool orientation is not sufficient
in order to uniquely identify the machine position, as for the same tool orientation, several joint
positions are possible. Depending on the kinematics involved, there can be as many as 8
different joint positions. These different joint positions are transformation-specific.
In an order to avoid any ambiguity, the joint positions are specified under the STAT address.
Note
The control only takes into account programmed STAT values for PTP motion. CP motion is
ignored because when traversing with active transformation, a position change is normally not
possible. When traversing with active CP, the position for the target point is taken from the
starting point.
Syntax
STAT=<Value>
Meaning
STAT: Adjustable address to specify joint positions

<Value>: Binary or decimal value
Contains one bit for each possible position. The significance of the bits is defined by
the particular transformation.
The following assignments apply for transformations, which are included in the "Handling
transformation package":
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3RVLWLRQD[LV
2YHUKHDGSRVLWLRQ
Extended Functions
The meaning of the bits will be demonstrated using an example of a robot with a 6-axis joint
kinematics:
Bit 0 Position of the intersection points of the manual axes (A4, A5, A6)
=0 Basic range
The robot is in the basic range if the X value of the intersection point of the
manual axes is positive referred to the A1 coordinate system.
=1 Overhead range
The robot is in the overhead range if the X value of the intersection point of the
manual axes is negative referred to the A1 coordinate system.
Bit 1 Position of axis 3
The angle where the value of bit 1 changes depends on the particular robot type. The fol‐
lowing applies for robots whose axes 3 and 4 intersect:
=0 A3 < 0°
=1 A3 ≥ 0°
Note:
For robots with an offset between axes 3 and 4, the angle where the value of bit 1 changes
is dependent on the magnitude of this offset.
Bit 2 Position of axis 5
=0 A5 ≤ 0°
=1 A5 > 0°
Bit 3 Is not used. Value is always 0.
Bit 4 Specifies as to whether the point was taught in with a robot with absolute precision – or not.
=0 The point was not taught in with a robot with absolute precision.
=1 The point was taught in with a robot with absolute precision.
Note:
Independent of the value of the bit, the point can be approached with robots that have ab‐
solute precision – as well as robots that do not have absolute precision. Bit 4 is for information
purposes only, and has no influence as to how the robot control calculates the point. Bit 4
can therefore be neglected if a robot is programmed offline.
TRANSMIT
For TRANSMIT, address STAT is used to resolve the ambiguity regarding the pole.
If the rotary axis must rotate through 180º or for CP, the contour would go through the pole,
the following applies:
Bit 0 Only relevant for $MC_TRANSMIT_POLE_SIDE_FIX_1/2 = 1 or 2:

=0 Rotary axis traverses through +180º or rotates clockwise.
=1 Rotary axis rotates through -180º or rotates counterclockwise.
Bit 1 Only relevant for $MC_TRANSMIT_POLE_SIDE_FIX_1/2 = 0:
=0 The axis traverses through the pole. The rotary axis does not rotate.
=1 The axis rotates around the pole. Bit 0 of STAT is relevant.
Extended Functions
Examples
The following diagrams show examples for the ambiguity as a result of different joint positions
for 6-axis joint kinematics. Joint positions only become clear and unique as a result of the
STAT data.
Position 1:
= $
X1 = 0°
Y1 = 45°
Z1 = 45°
<
Position 2:
X1 = -180°
; Y1 = -45°
Z1 = -45°
STAT = 'B01'
Ambiguity, overhead range
Position 1:
$ Y1 = -30°
Z1 = 60°
< =
A1 = -30°
STAT = 'B00'
; Position 2:
Y1 = 30°
Z1 = -60°
A1 = 30°
Ambiguity, elbow up or down STAT = 'B10'
Position 1:
A1 = 0°
&
B1 = 40°
%
C1 = 0°
STAT = 'B00'
$
Position 2:
A1 = 180°
B1 = -40°
C1 = 180°
Ambiguity, axis B1 STAT = 'B100'
Extended Functions
7.6.3.3 Specify the sign of the axis angle (TU)

In order that rotary axes can also approach axis angles exceeding +180° or less than -180°
without requiring a special traversing strategy (e.g. intermediate point), the sign of the axis
angle must be specified under the adjustable address TU.
Note
The control only takes into account programmed TU values for PTP motion. CP motion is
ignored.
Syntax
TU=<Value>
Meaning
TU: Adjustable address to specify axis angle signs

<Value>: Binary or decimal value
For each axis that is involved in the transformation, there is a bit that indicates the sign
of the axis angle (θ), and therefore the traversing direction.
Bit =0 0° ≤ θ < 360°
=1 - 360° < θ < 0°
The meaning of the bits will be demonstrated using an example of a robot with a 6-axis joint
kinematics:
Bit 0 Sign of axis angle A1

=0 A1 ≥ 0°
=1 A1 < 0°
=0 A2 ≥ 0°
=1 A2 < 0°
=0 A3 ≥ 0°
=1 A3 < 0°
=0 A4 ≥ 0°
=1 A4 < 0°
=0 A5 ≥ 0°
=1 A5 < 0°
=0 A6 ≥ 0°
=1 A6 < 0°
Extended Functions
TU=19 (corresponds to TU='B010011) would therefore signify:
Bit Value Axis angle

0 =1 ① A1 < 0°
1 =1 ① A2 < 0°
2 =0 ① A3 ≥ 0°
3 =0 ① A4 ≥ 0°
4 =1 ① A5 < 0°
5 =0 ① A6 ≥ 0°
Note
In the case of axes with a traversing range > ±360°, the axis always moves along the shortest
path because the axis position cannot be specified uniquely by the TU information.
If no TU is programmed for a position, the axis always traverses via the shortest possible route.
TRANSMIT
For PTP travel with TRANSMIT active, the address of TU has no meaning!
Example
The rotary axis position shown in the following diagram can be approached in the negative or
positive direction. The angular position is programmed under address A1. The traversing
direction is only absolutely clear when TU is specified.
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Extended Functions
7.6.3.4 Example 1: PTP and TRAORI
Example 1
A sequence from a program example for the following kinematics is listed below:
$
< =
;
Figure 7-15 Elbow up or down

N10 G0 X0 Y-30 Z60 A-30 F10000 ; Initial position → elbow up
N20 TRAORI(1) ; Transformation ON
N30 X1000 Y0 Z400 A0
N40 X1000 Z500 A0 STAT='B10' TU='B100' PTP ; Re-orientation without transforma-
tion
; → elbow down
N50 X1200 Z400 CP ; Transformation active again
N60 X1000 Z500 A20
N70 M30
Example 2
PTP travel for generic 5-axis transformation

Assumption: Right-angled CA kinematics used as basis.

TRAORI ;Transformation CA kinematics ON
PTP ; Activate PTP traversal
N10 A3=0 B3=0 C3=1 ; rotary axis positions C=0 A=0
N40 A3=1 B3=0 C3=1 STAT=1 ; rotary axis positions C=270 A=–45
Select clear approach position of rotary axis position:
Extended Functions
In block N40, the rotary axes – as a result of the programming of STAT=1 – travel the longer
distance from their start point (C=90, A=90) to the end point (C=270, A=–45). On the other
hand, with STAT=0, the rotary axes would travel along the shortest path to the end point (C=90,
A=45).
7.6.3.5 Example 2: PTPG0 and TRANSMIT
Example 1
Traversing around the pole with PTPG0 and TRANSMIT
<
PTP
CP
1*;<

1;<

;


N001 G0 X30 Z0 F10000 T1 D1 G90 ;Initial setting absolute dimension
N002 SPOS=0
N003 TRANSMIT ;TRANSMIT transformation
N010 PTPG0 ; for each G0 block, automatically PTP –
and then CP again.
N020 G0 X30 Y20
N030 X-30 Y-20
N120 G1 X30 Y20
N110 X30 Y0
M30
Extended Functions
Example 2
Traversing from the pole with PTPG0 and TRANSMIT
<
PTP
CP 30
N070 X20 Y2 20
10 N060 X0 Y0
-30 -20 -10 10 20 30 ;
-10
-20
-30 N050 X10 Y0
Programming Comment
N001 G0 X90 Z0 F10000 T1 D1 G90 ;Initial setting
N002 SPOS=0
N003 TRANSMIT ;TRANSMIT transformation
N010 PTPG0 ; for each G0 block, automatically PTP –
and then CP again.
N020 G0 X90 Y60
N030 X-90 Y-60
N040 X-30 Y-20
N050 X10 Y0
N060 X0 Y0
N070 X-20 Y2
N170 G1 X0 Y0
N160 X10 Y0
N150 X-30 Y-20
M30
Tool radius compensation (TRC)

With PTP/PTPWOC, no tool radius compensation (TRC) can be active, because PTP/
PTPWOC creates contours other than those calculated by the TRC.
Extended Functions
The response is different for PTPG0. Here, with active TRC, an internal switchover to CP takes
place so that the TRC is performed correctly.
Smooth approach and retraction (SAR)

If PTP/PTPWOC is active, SAR cannot be used, because SAR needs a contour to design the
approach and retraction and to be able to approach or retract tangentially.
With PTPG0, on the other hand, SAR is possible because the blocks required for SAR are
traversed with CP. The G0 blocks up to the actual approach contour are executed with PTP
travel and therefore quickly. The same applies to the retract blocks.
Chipping cycles
With active PTP/PTPWOC, chipping cycles such as CONTPRON or CONTDCON cannot be
applied because the chipping require a contour to be able to construct the cut segmentation.
With PTPG0, on the other hand, chipping cycles are possible because the blocks required for
the chipping cycles are traversed with CP.
Chamfer and rounding

Chamfer and rounding are ignored during PTP travel.
Axis overlay
An axis superimposing in the interpolation may not change during the PTP sequence. This
applies, for example, to LIFTFAST, fine tool offset, coupled motion TRAILON and tangential
follow-up TANGON.
NC block compression
In the PTP blocks, an active compressor function (COMPON, COMPCURV, COMPCAD or
COMPSURF) is automatically deselected.
Blending
Blending with G643 is not possible with the PTP travel. In the PTP blocks with an active G643,
there is an automatic switchover to G642.
In addition, the following special features should be noted:
● Blending is always done in the machine coordinate system and it thus high-performance
in terms of time. The criteria for G642 is always interpreted in the machine coordinate
system and not as usual in the Cartesian basic coordinate system.
● Smoothing G641 is determined as a function of the fictitious path calculated from the
machine axis coordinates.
Extended Functions
7.7 Cartesian manual travel (optional)
Path feedrate
An F value input with G1 refers to the fictitious path calculated from the machine axis
coordinates.
Mode change
Cartesian PTP travel only makes sense in the modes AUTOMATIC and MDI.
When changing the mode to JOG, the current setting is retained:
● If PTP travel is set, the axes will traverse in MCS.
● If CP is set, the axes will traverse in WCS.
After returning to the AUTOMATIC or MDI mode, the status that was active before the switch
to JOG mode is restored.
Block search
If the face end transformation (TRANSMIT) is active, different machine axis positions for the
same Cartesian position can result if a program section is executed with block search.
REPOS
The setting for Cartesian PTP travel is not altered during repositioning. If PTP was set in the
interruption block, then repositioning also takes place with PTP.
Note
The "Handling transformation package" option is necessary for the "Cartesian manual travel"
function.
Function
The "Cartesian manual travel" function, as a reference system for JOG mode, allows axes to
be set independently of each other in the following Cartesian coordinate systems:
● Basic coordinate system (BCS)
● Workpiece coordinate system (WCS)
● Tool coordinate system (TCS)
Adjustment and activation is done using machine data:
Extended Functions
MD21106 $MC_CART_JOG_SYSTEM (coordinate systems for Cartesian JOG)
Bit Meaning
0 Basic coordinate system
1 Workpiece coordinate system
2 Tool coordinate system
Note
The workpiece coordinate system has been shifted and rotated compared to the basic
coordinate system via frames.
Reference:
Function Manual Basic Functions; Axes, Coordinate Systems, Frames (K2)
Representation of the reference system in the coordinate system:
WCS = Workpiece zero TCS = Tool reference point
Selecting reference systems

For JOG motion, one of the three reference systems can be specified separately not only for
the translation (coarse offset) with geometry axes, but also for the orientation with orientation
axes via the following setting data:
SD42650 $SC_CART_JOG_MODE
If more than one bit is set for the translation or orientation reference system, or when an attempt
is made to set a reference system which was not released by the MD21106
$MC_CART_JOG_SYSTEM, the alarm 14148 "Reference system for Cartesian manual travel
not allowed" will be generated.
Translation
A translation movement can be used to move the tool tip (TCP) in parallel and 3-dimensional
to the axes of the reference system. The traversing movement is made via the VDI signals of
the geometry axes.
Machine data MD24120$MC_TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB_x[n] is used to assign the
geometry axes. Simultaneous traversing in more than one direction permits the execution of
movements that lie parallel to the directions of the reference system.
Extended Functions
Translation in the BCS

The basic coordinate system (BCS) describes the Cartesian zero of the machine.
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Figure 7-16 Cartesian manual travel in the basic coordinate system (translation)
Translation in the WCS

The workpiece coordinate system (WCS) lies in the workpiece zero. The workpiece coordinate
system can be shifted and rotated relative to the reference system via frames. As long as the
frame rotation is active, the traversing movements correspond to the translation of the
movements in the basic coordinate system.
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Figure 7-17 Cartesian manual travel in the workpiece coordinate system (translation)
Extended Functions
Translation in the TCS

The tool coordinate system (TCS) lies in the tool tip. Its direction depends on the current setting
of the machine, since the tool coordinate system moves during the motion.
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Figure 7-18 Cartesian manual travel in the tool coordinate system (translation)
Translation and orientation in the TCS simultaneously

If translation and orientation movements are executed at the same time, the translation is
always traversed corresponding to the current orientation of the tool. This permits infeed
movements that are made directly in the tool direction or movements that run perpendicular
to tool direction.
Orientation
The tool can be aligned to the component surface via an orientation movement. The orientation
movement is given control from the PLC via the VDI signals of the orientation axes (DB21, ...
DBB321).
Several orientation axes can be traversed simultaneously. The virtual orientation axes execute
rotations around the fixed axes of the relevant reference system.
The rotations are identified according to the RPY angles.
● A angle: Rotation around the Z axis
● B angle: Rotation around the Y axis
● C angle: Rotation around the X axis
Programming rotations:
The user can define how rotations are to be executed using the current G codes of group 50
for orientation definition
Specifying ORIEULER, ORIRPY, ORIVIRT1 and ORIVIRT2.
Extended Functions
With ORIVIRT1, rotation is executed according to MD21120 $MC_ORIAX_TURN_TAB_1. The

orientation axes are assigned to the channel axes via machine data: MD24585
$MC_TRAFO5_ORIAX_ASSIGN_TAB_1.
The direction of rotation is determined according to the "right hand rule". The thumb points in
the direction of the rotary axis. The finger stipulates the positive direction of rotation.
Orientation in WCS
The rotations are made around the defined directions of the workpiece coordinate system. If
frame rotation is active, the movements correspond to the rotations in the basic coordinate
system.
Orientation in BCS
The rotations are made around the defined directions of the basic coordinate system.
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Figure 7-19 Cartesian manual travel in the basic coordinate system, orientation angle A
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Figure 7-20 Cartesian manual travel in the basic coordinate system, orientation angle B
Extended Functions
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Figure 7-21 Cartesian manual travel in the basic coordinate system, orientation angle C
Orientation in TCS
The rotations are around the moving directions in the tool coordinate system. The current
homing directions of the tool are always used as rotary axes.
=
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;
Figure 7-22 Cartesian manual travel in the tool coordinate system, orientation angle A
Extended Functions
%
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;
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Figure 7-23 Cartesian manual travel in the tool coordinate system, orientation angle B
<
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Figure 7-24 Cartesian manual travel in the tool coordinate system, orientation angle C
The "Cartesian manual travel" function can only be executed if the transformation is active in
the NC: DB21, ... DBX33.6 == 1 ("transformation active")
The following supplementary conditions must be observed:
● "Handling transformation package" option with 5-axis or 6-axis transformation is set
● Virtual orientation axes must be defined via the following machine data:
MD24585 $MC_TRAFO5_ORIAX_ASSIGN_TAB_1[n]
● DB21, ... DBX29.4 == 0 (activate PTP travel)
● MD21106 $MC_CART_JOG_SYSTEM > 0
Extended Functions
Table 7-2 Conditions for Cartesian manual travel
Transformation in pro‐ Prog. traversing type DB21, ... DBX29.4 DB21, ... DBX33.6
gram active (TRAORI..) "Activate PTP travel" "Transformation active"
FALSE Not active Not active 0
TRUE CP 0 1
TRUE CP 1 0
TRUE PTP 0 1
TRUE PTP 1 0
The G code PTP/CP currently active in the program does not affect Cartesian manual travel.
The NC/PLC interface signals are interpreted in the channel DB for geometry and orientation
axes.
Activation
The reference system for Cartesian manual travel is set as follows:
● The Cartesian manual travel function is activated with the following machine data:
MD21106 $MC_CART_JOG_SYSTEM > 0
The BCS, WCS or TCS reference systems are enabled via MD 21106
$MC_CART_JOG_SYSTEM.
● JOG traverse motion via SD42650 SC_CART_JOG_MODE
Standard behavior as before: Bits 0 to 2 = 0, bits 8 to 10 = 0.
Reference system for translation via bits 0-2 and the reference system for orientation via
bits 8-10.
If not all of the bits are set to 0, the process uses the new function. The reference systems
for translation and orientation may be set independently.
SD42650 $SC_CART_JOG_MODE (only set one bit):
SD42650 $SC_CART_JOG_MODE
Bit 11 - Bit 10 Bit 9 Bit 8 Bit 7 - Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
bit 15 bit 3
Reserved Orienta‐ Orienta‐ Orienta‐ Reserved Transla‐ Transla‐ Transla‐
tion in the tion in the tion in the tion in the tion in the tion in the
TCS WCS BCS TCS WCS BCS
Combining reference systems

The table below shows all the combination options for reference systems.
SD42650 $SC_CART_JOG_MODE Reference system for

Bit 10 Bit 9 Bit 8 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Orientation Translation
0 0 0 0/1 0/1 0/1 Standard Standard
Standard Standard Standard 0 0 0 Standard Standard
0 0 1 0 0 1 BCS BCS
0 0 1 0 1 0 BCS WCS
0 0 1 1 0 0 BCS TCS
0 1 0 0 0 1 WCS BCS
Extended Functions
7.8 Activating transformation machine data via part program/softkey
SD42650 $SC_CART_JOG_MODE Reference system for

0 1 0 0 1 0 WCS WCS
0 1 0 1 0 0 WCS TCS
1 0 0 0 0 1 TCS BCS
1 0 0 0 1 0 TCS WCS
1 0 0 1 0 0 TCS TCS
7.8.1 Function
Transformation MD can now be activated by means of a program command softkey, i.e. these
can, for example, be written from the parts program, thus altering the transformation
configuration completely.
Up to ten different transformations can be set in the control system. The transformation type
is set in the following machine data:
MD24100 $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_1
up to
MD24460 $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_10.
Characteristics
Transformation machine data are NEWCONFIG effective.
The protection level is now 7/7 (KEYSWITCH_0), which means that data can be modified from
the NC program without any particular authorization.
Provided that no transformation is selected (activated) when a NEWCONF command is issued
(regardless whether via the NEWCONF NC program command, the HMI or implicitly following
Reset or end of program), the machine data listed above can be altered without restriction and
then activated.
Of particular relevance is that new transformations can be configured or existing
transformations replaced by one of a different type or deleted, since the modification options
are not restricted to re-parameterization of existing transformations.
7.8.2 Constraints
Change machine data

The machine data which affect an active transformation may not be altered; any attempt to do
so will generate an alarm.
Extended Functions
These are generally all machine data assigned to a transformation via the associated
transformation data group. Machine data that are included in the group of an active
transformation, but not in use, can be altered (although this would hardly be meaningful). For
example, it would be possible to change machine data MD24564
$MC_TRAFO5_NUTATOR_AX_ANGLE_n for an active transformation with MD24100 $MC_
$MC_TRAFO_TYPE = 16 (5-axis transformation with rotatable tool and two mutually
perpendicular rotary axes A and B) since this particular machine data is not involved in the
transformation.
Please note that machine data MD21110 $MC_X_AXIS_IN_OLD_X_Z_PLANE may not be
altered for an active orientation transformation.
Note
In the case of a program interruption (Repos, deletion of distance to go, ASUBs, etc.), the
control system requires a number of different blocks that have already been executed for the
repositioning operation. The rule forbidding the machine data of an active transformation to
be altered also refers to these blocks.
Example:
Two orientation transformations are set via machine data, e.g. MD24100
$MC_TRAFO_TYPE_1 = 16, MD24200 $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_2 = 18.
Assume that the second transformation is active when the NEWCONFIG command is
executed. In this case, all machine data that relate only to the first transformation may be
changed, e.g.:
MD24500 $MC_TRAFO5_PART_OFFSET_1
but not, for instance:
MD24650 $MC_TRAFO5_BASE_TOOL_2
or
MD21110 $MC_X_AXIS_IN_OLD_X_Z_PLANE
Furthermore, another transformation (TRANSMIT) can be set, for example with MD24300
$MC_TRAFO_TYPE_3 = 256 and can be parameterized with additional machine data.
Defining geometry axes

Geometry axes must be defined before starting the control system with the following machine
data:
MD24120 $MC_TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB_X[n]
or
MD20050 $MC_AXCONF_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB[n]
Extended Functions
Changing the assignment

The assignment of a transformation data set to a transformation is determined by the sequence
of entries in MD24100 $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_X. The first entry in the table is assigned to the
first transformation data set, and accordingly the second entry to the second data set. This
assignment may (and can) not be altered for an active transformation.
Example:
Three transformations are set, two orientation transformations and one Transmit
transformation, e.g.
; orientation transformation, 1st orientation trafo data set
MD24200 $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_2 = 256 : Transmit transformations
; orientation transformation, 2nd orientation trafo data set
The first data set for orientation transformations is assigned to the first transformation (equaling
the first orientation transformation) and the second transformation data set to the third
transformation (equaling the second orientation transformation).
If the third transformation is active when the NEWCONFIG command is executed, it is not
permissible to change the first transformation into a transformation of another group (e.g.
TRACYL) since, in this case, the third transformation would then not become the second
orientation transformation, but the first.
In the above example, however, it is permissible to set another orientation transformation for
the first transformation (e.g. using MD24100 $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_1 = 32) or a transformation
from another group as the first transformation (e.g. using $MD24100 $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_1
= 1024, TRAANG), if the second transformation is changed into an orientation transformation
at the same time, e.g. with MD24200 $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_2 = 48.
7.8.3 Control response to power ON, mode change, RESET, block search, REPOS
With the aid of the following machine data it is possible to select a transformation automatically
in response to RESET (i.e. at end of program as well) and/or on program start:
MD20112 $MC_START_MODE_MASK
and
MD20140 $MC_TRAFO_RESET_VALUE
This may result in the generation of an alarm, for example, at the end or start of a program, if
the machine data of an active transformation has been altered.
To avoid this problem when re-configuring transformations via an NC program, we therefore
recommend that NC programs are structured as follows:

N10 TRAFOOF() ; Select a possibly still active trans-
formation
Extended Functions

N20$MC_TRAFO5_BASE_TOOL_1[0]=0 ; Enter machine data
N30$MC_TRAFO5_BASE_TOOL_1[0]=3
N40$MC_TRAFO5_BASE_TOOL_1[0]=200
N130 NEWCONF ; Newly entered machine data
; Transfer
N140 M30
7.8.4 List of machine data affected

Machine data which can be made NEWCONFIG compatible are listed below.
All transformations
Machine data which are relevant for all transformations:
● MD24100 $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_1 to MD24480 $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_10
● MD24110 $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_1 to MD24482 $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_10
● MD24120 $MC_TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB_1 to
MD24484 $MC_TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB_10
Orientation transformations
Machine data which are relevant for orientation transformations:
● MD24550 $MC_TRAFO5_BASE_TOOL_1 and
MD24650 $MC_TRAFO5_BASE_TOOL_2
● MD24558 $MC_TRAFO5_JOINT_OFFSET_1 and
MD24658 $MC_TRAFO5_JOINT_OFFSET_2
● MD24500 $MC_TRAFO5_PART_OFFSET_1 and
MD24600 $MC_TRAFO5_PART_OFFSET_2
● MD24510 $MC_TRAFO5_ROT_AX_OFFSET_1 and
MD24610 $MC_TRAFO5_ROT_AX_OFFSET_2
● MD24520 $MC_TRAFO5_ROT_SIGN_IS_PLUS_1 and
MD24620 $MC_TRAFO5_ROT_SIGN_IS_PLUS_2
● MD 24530: TRAFO5_NON_POLE_LIMIT_1 and
MD24630 $MC_TRAFO5_NON_POLE_LIMIT_2
● MD24540 $MC_TRAFO5_POLE_LIMIT_1 and
MD24640 $MC_TRAFO5_POLE_LIMIT_2
● MD24570 $MC_TRAFO5_AXIS1_1 and
MD24670 $MC_TRAFO5_AXIS1_2
● MD24572 $MC_RAFO5_AXIS2_1 and
MD24672 $MC_TRAFO5_AXIS2_2
Extended Functions
● MD24574 $MC_TRAFO5_BASE_ORIENT_1 and

MD24674 $MC_TRAFO5_BASE_ORIENT_2
● MD24562 $MC_TRAFO5_TOOL_ROT_AX_OFFSET_1 and
MD24662 $MC_TRAFO5_TOOL_ROT_AX_OFFSET_2
● MD24564 $MC_TRAFO5_NUTATOR_AX_ANGLE_1 and
MD24664 $MC_TRAFO5_NUTATOR_AX_ANGLE_2
● MD24566 $MC_TRAFO5_NUTATOR_VIRT_ORIAX_1 and
MD24666 $MC_TRAFO5_NUTATOR_VIRT_ORIAX_2
Transmit transformations
Machine data which are relevant for Transmit transformations:
● MD24920 $MC_TRANSMIT_BASE_TOOL_1 and
MD24970 $MC_TRANSMIT_BASE_TOOL_2
● MD24900 $MC_TRANSMIT_ROT_AX_OFFSET_1 and
MD24950 $MC_TRANSMIT_ROT_AX_OFFSET_2
● MD24910 $MC_TRANSMIT_ROT_SIGN_IS_PLUS_1 and
MD24960 $MC_TRANSMIT_ROT_SIGN_IS_PLUS_2
● MD24911 MC_RANSMIT_POLE_SIDE_FIX_1 and
Tracyl transformations
Machine data which are relevant for Tracyl transformations:
● MD24820 $MC_TRACYL_BASE_TOOL_1 and
MD24870 $MC_TRACYL_BASE_TOOL_2
● MD24800 $MC_TRACYL_ROT_AX_OFFSET_1 and
MD24850 $MC_TRACYL_ROT_AX_OFFSET_2
● MD24810 $MC_TRACYL_ROT_SIGN_IS_PLUS_1 and
MD24870 $MC_TRACYL_ROT_SIGN_IS_PLUS_2
● MD24808 $MC_TRACYL_DEFAULT_MODE_1 and
MD24858 $MC_TRACYL_DEFAULT_MODE_2
Inclined axis transformations

Machine data which are relevant for inclined axis transformations:
● MD24710 $MC_TRAANG_BASE_TOOL_1 and
MD24760 $MC_TRAANG_BASE_TOOL_2
● MD24700 $MC_TRAANG_ANGLE_1 and
MD24750 $MC_TRAANG_ANGLE_2
Extended Functions
● MD24720 $MC_TRAANG_PARALLEL_VELO_RES_1 and

MD24770 $MC_TRAANG_PARALLEL_VELO_RES_2
● MD24721 $MC_TRAANG_PARALLEL_ACCEL_RES_1 and
MD24771 $MC_TRAANG_PARALLEL_ACCEL_RES_2
Chained transformations
Machine data which are relevant for chained transformations:
● MD24995 $MC_TRACON_CHAIN_1 and
MD24996 $MC_TRACON_CHAIN_2
● MD24997 $MC_TRACON_CHAIN_3 and
MD24998 $MC_TRACON_CHAIN_4
Persistent transformation
Machine data which are relevant for persistent transformations:
● MD20144 $MC_TRAFO_MODE_MASK
● MD20140 $MC_TRAFO_RESET_VALUE
● MD20110 $MC_RESET_MODE_MASK and
MD20112 $MC_START_MODE_MASK
Not transformation-specific
Machine data that are not transformation-specific. they are not uniquely assigned to a particular
transformation data set or they are relevant even when a transformation is not active:
● MD21110 $MC_X_AXIS_IN_OLD_X_Z_PLANE
● MD21090 $MC_ MAX_LEAD_ANGLE
● MD21092 $MC_ MAX_TILT_ANGLE
● MD21100 $MC_ORIENTATION_IS_EULER
7.8.5 Example
It would be permissible in the following example to reconfigure (write) a machine data affecting
the second transformation (e.g. MD24650 $MC_TRAFO5_BASE_TOOL_2[2]) in block N90,
since writing a machine data alone does not activate it. However, if the program remained
otherwise unchanged, an alarm would occur in block N130, because an attempt would then
be made to modify an active transformation.
Example program:

N40 TRAORI(2) ; Select 2nd orientation transformation
N50 X0 Y0 Z0 F20000 T1 T1
N60 A50 B50
Extended Functions
7.9 Data lists

N70 A0 B0
N80 X10
N90 $MC_TRAFO5_BASE_TOOL_1[2] = 50 ; Overwrite a machine data item of the
1st orientation transformation
N100 A20
N110 X20
N120 X0
N130 NEWCONF ; Accept new machine data
N140 TRAORI(1) ; Selection of the 1st orientation
transformation MD is effective
N150 G19 X0 Y0 Z0
N160 A50 B50
N170 A0 B0
N180 TRAFOOF
N190 M30
7.9 Data lists
7.9.1 Machine data
7.9.1.1 TRANSMIT
Channelspecific machine data

20110 RESET_MODE_MASK Definition of control basic setting after run-up and RESET/part
program end
20140 TRAFO_RESET_VALUE Basic transformation position
22534 TRAFO_CHANGE_M_CODE M code for transformation changeover
24100 TRAFO_TYPE_1 Definition of the 1st transformation in channel
24110 TRAFO_AXES_IN_1 Axis assignment for the 1st transformation
24120 TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB_1 Geo-axis assignment for 1st transformation
24200 TRAFO_TYPE_2 Definition of the 2nd transformation in channel
24210 TRAFO_AXES_IN_2 Axis assignment for the 2nd transformation
24220 TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB_2 Geo-axis assignment for 2nd transformation
24300 TRAFO_TYPE_3 Definition of the 3rd transformation in channel
24310 TRAFO_AXES_IN_3 Axis assignment for the 3rd transformation
24320 TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB_3 Geo-axis assignment for 3rd transformation
24400 TRAFO_TYPE_4 Definition of the 4th transformation in channel
Extended Functions
7.9 Data lists

24410 TRAFO_AXES_IN_4 Axis assignment for the 4th transformation
24420 TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB_4 Geo-axis assignment for 4th transformation
24900 TRANSMIT_ROT_AX_OFFSET_1 Deviation of rotary axis from zero position in degrees (1st
TRANSMIT)
24910 TRANSMIT_ROT_SIGN_IS_PLUS_1 Sign of rotary axis for TRANSMIT (1st TRANSMIT)
24911 TRANSMIT_POLE_SIDE_FIX_1 Limitation of working range in front of/behind pole, 1st trans‐
formation
24920 TRANSMIT_BASE_TOOL_1 Distance of tool zero point from origin of geo-axes (1st
TRANSMIT)
24950 TRANSMIT_ROT_AX_OFFSET_2 Deviation of rotary axis from zero position in degrees (2nd
TRANSMIT)
24960 TRANSMIT_ROT_SIGN_IS_PLUS_2 Sign of rotary axis for TRANSMIT (2nd TRANSMIT)
24961 TRANSMIT_POLE_SIDE_FIX_2 Limitation of working range in front of/behind pole, 2nd trans‐
formation
24970 TRANSMIT_BASE_TOOL_2 Distance of tool zero point from origin of geo-axes (2nd
TRANSMIT)
7.9.1.2 TRACYL

program end
20144 TRAFO_MODE_MASK Selection of the kinematic transformation function
24130 TRAFO_INCLUDES_TOOL_1 Tool handling with active transformation 1.
Extended Functions
7.9 Data lists

24444 TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB_6 Assignment geometry axes for 6th transformation
24800 TRACYL_ROT_AX_OFFSET_1 Deviation of rotary axis from zero position in degrees (1st
TRACYL)
24808 TRACYL_DEFAULT_MODE_1 Selection of TRACYL mode (1st TRACYL)
24810 TRACYL_ROT_SIGN_IS_PLUS_1 Sign of rotary axis for TRACYL (1st TRACYL)
24820 TRACYL_BASE_TOOL_1 Distance of tool zero point from origin of geo-axes (1st TRAC‐
YL)
Extended Functions
7.9 Data lists

24850 TRACYL_ROT_AX_OFFSET_2 Deviation of rotary axis from zero position in degrees (2nd
TRACYL)
24858 TRACYL_DEFAULT_MODE_2 Selection of TRACYL mode (2nd TRACYL)
24860 TRACYL_ROT_SIGN_IS_PLUS_2 Sign of rotary axis for TRACYL (2nd TRACYL)
24870 TRACYL_BASE_TOOL_2 Distance of tool zero point from origin of geo-axes (2nd TRAC‐
YL)
7.9.1.3 TRAANG

program end
20144 RAFO_MODE_MASK Selection of the kinematic transformation function
Extended Functions
7.9 Data lists

24700 TRAANG_ANGLE_1 Angle of inclined axis in degrees (1st TRAANG)
24710 TRAANG_BASE_TOOL_1 Distance of tool zero point from origin of geometry axes (1st
TRAANG)
24720 TRAANG_PARALLEL_VELO_RES_1 Velocity reserve of parallel axis for compensatory motion (1st
TRAANG)
24721 TRAANG_PARALLEL_VELO_RES_2 Velocity reserve of parallel axis for compensatory motion (2nd
TRAANG)
24750 TRAANG_ANGLE_2 Angle of inclined axis in degrees (2nd TRAANG)
24760 TRAANG_BASE_TOOL_2 Distance of tool zero point from origin of geometry axes (2nd
TRAANG)
24770 TRAANG_PARALLEL_ACCEL_RES_1 Axis acceleration reserve of parallel axis for compensatory
motion (1st TRAANG)
24771 TRAANG_PARALLEL_ACCEL_RES_2 Axis acceleration reserve of parallel axis for compensatory
motion (2nd TRAANG)
7.9.1.4 Chained transformations

24995 TRACON_CHAIN_1 Transformation chain of the first chained transformation
24996 TRACON_CHAIN_2 Transformation chain of the second chained transformation
24997 TRACON_CHAIN_3 Transformation chain of the third chained transformation
24998 TRACON_CHAIN_4 Transformation chain of the fourth chained transformation
7.9.1.5 Non transformation-specific machine data

21110 X_AXIS_IN_OLD_X_Z_PLANE Coordinate system for automatic Frame definition
21090 MAX_LEAD_ANGLE Maximum permissible lead angle for orientation programming
21092 MAX_TILT_ANGLE Maximum permissible side angle for orientation programming
21100 ORIENTATION_IS_EULER Angle definition for orientation programming
Extended Functions
7.9 Data lists
7.9.2 Signals

Transformation active DB21, ... .DBX33.6 DB330x.DBX1.6
Extended Functions
7.9 Data lists
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement 8
Channel-specific measuring
The trigger event programmed for channel-specific measuring in a part program block initiates
the measuring operation and specifies the measurement method used for the measurement.
The instructions apply to all axes programmed in this particular block.
Axial measurement
In the case of axial measuring, a measurement can be made from the part program and also
from synchronized actions. A measurement method, the encoder and the trigger events are
programmed. Whereby the trigger events are formed from the probe (1 and 2) and the trigger
criterion (rising/falling signal edge). Depending on the measuring task, several measured
values per measurement and trigger event can be recorded.
Preset actual value memory and scratching

The preset actual value memory is initiated by means of an HMI operator action. The calculated
frame can be written to system frame $P_SETFRAME. The setpoint position of an axis in the
WCS can be altered when the actual value memory is preset.
The calculation is performed in the NC when a PI service is activated via
● HMI operator action or a
● Part program command from the measuring cycles.
The term scratching refers to both the workpiece measurement and the tool measurement.
The measurements can be initiated via the
● HMI operator action or via
● Measuring cycles.
Communication with the NC takes place via predefined system variables.
Workpiece and tool measurement

The position of the workpiece can be measured in relation to an edge, a corner or a hole.
To determine the zero position of the workpiece (workpiece zero W) or a hole, setpoint positions
can be added to the measured positions in the workpiece coordinate system. The resulting
offsets can be entered in a selected frame.
In the case of tool measurement, the control calculates the distance between the tool tip and
the tool carrier reference point T from the tool length specified by the user.
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
8.2 Hardware requirements
Measuring cycles
A description of how to handle measuring cycles can be found in:
Literature:
Programming Manual Measuring cycles
8.2 Hardware requirements
8.2.1 Probes that can be used
Overview
A switching probe that supplies a constant bounce-free signal on deflection must be used for
the "Measuring" function in SINUMERIK controls. Probes that supply only one pulse for
deflection are not suitable.
Probe types
The probe types listed below differ depending on the number of possible deflection directions:
● Multidirectional probe (1)
● Bidirectional probe (2)
● Monodirectional probe (3)

Probe types
Multidirectional probe (3D)

Multidirectional probes can be used unconditionally for measuring tool and workpiece
dimensions.
Bidirectional probe
Bidirectional probes are treated like monodirectional probes for the workpiece measurement
in milling and machining centers. Bidirectional probes for the workpiece measurement can be
used for turning machines.
Monodirectional probe
Monodirectional probes can be used for workpiece measurement on milling machines and
machining centers with only slight limitations.
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
8.3 Channel-specific measuring
Spindle position and monodirectional probe

The use of monodirectional probes in milling machines and machining centers requires that
the spindle can be positioned with the SPOS function and the switching signal of the probe
transferred over 360°.
The probe must be mechanically aligned in the spindle to permit measurements in the following
directions at the 0° spindle position:
Plane Measurement direction

G17 (X-Y) Positive X direction
G18 (Z-X) Positive Z direction
G19 (Y-Z) Positive Y direction
Note
The complete measurement takes longer because the spindle needs to be positioned several
times with SPOS during the measuring cycle.
8.3.1 Measurement
Activation
The measurement is activated from the part program. A trigger event and a measuring method
are programmed.
A distinction is made between two measuring methods:
● MEAS: Measurement with deletion of distance-to-go
Example:
N10 G01 F300 X300 Z200 MEAS=-2
Trigger event is the falling edge (-) of the second probe (2).
● MEAW: Measurement without deletion of distance-to-go
Example:
N20 G01 F300 X300 Y100 MEAW=1
Trigger event is the rising edge of the first probe (1).
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
The measuring job is aborted with RESET or when the program advances to a new block.
Note
If a geometry axis is programmed in a measuring block, the measured values are stored for
all current geometry axes.
If an axis participating in a transformation is programmed in a measurement block, the
measured values for all axes participating in this transformation are recorded.
Probe status
It is possible to scan the probe status directly in the part program and in synchronized actions.
$A_PROBE[n] where n= probe
$A_PROBE[n]==1: Probe deflected
$A_PROBE[n]==0: Probe not deflected
8.3.2 Measurement results
Reading measurement results

The results of the measurement commands are stored in system data of the NCK and can be
read via system variables in the part program.
● System variable $AC_MEA[No]
Query measurement job status signal.
[No] stands for probe (1 or 2)
The variable is deleted at the beginning of a measurement. The variable is set as soon as
the probe fulfills the activation criterion (rising or falling edge). Execution of the
measurement job can thus be checked in the part program.
● System variable $AA_MM[axis]
Access to measured value in the machine coordinate system (MCS)
Read in part program and in synchronized actions.
[Axis] stands for the name of the measurement axis (X, Y, ...).
● System variable $AA_MW[axis]
Access to measured value in the workpiece coordinate system.
PLC service display

The functional test for the probe is performed using an NC program.
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
8.4 Axial measurement
The measuring signal can be checked at the end of the program in the diagnostic menu "PLC
status".
Table 8-1 Status display for measurement signal
Status display
Probe 1 deflected DB10, ...DBX107.0
Probe 2 deflected DB10, ...DBX107.1
The current measuring status of the axis is displayed by means of the interface signal DB31, ...
DBX62.3.
Bit 3=1: Measurement
active Bit 3=0: Measurement not active
This signal can be displayed for all measurement functions and also be read in synchronized
actions with
● system variable $AA_MEAACT[axis].
References:
8.4.1 Measurement
Activation
Axial measurement can be programmed with and without deletion of distance-to-go. The
activation of the measuring is carried out from the part program or a synchronized action. The
measuring method and up to four trigger events are programmed. The measuring mode
specifies the chronological or programmed sequence of the trigger events. For the continuous
measurement, the number of the circular buffer (FIFO) is programmed.
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
A distinction is made between three measuring methods:

● MEASA: Measurement with deletion of distance-to-go
Example:
N10 MEASA[X]=(1,1,-1) G01 X100 F100
Measuring in mode 1 with active measuring system. Trigger events are the rising and falling
edge of the first probe (1) on the travel path to X=100.
Note
MEASA cannot be programmed in synchronized actions.
● MEAWA: Measurement without deletion of distance-to-go

Example:
N20 MEAWA[X]=(1,-1,1,-2,2) G01 X100 F100
Measuring in mode 1 with active measuring system. Trigger events are the falling and rising
edge of the first probe (1) and of the second probe (2) on the travel path to X=100.
● MEAC (option): Continuous measurement without deletion of distance-to-go
Example:
N30 MEAC[X]=(1,1,-2,2) G01 X100 F100
Measuring in mode 1 with active measuring system. Save the measured values under the
first FIFO (1). Trigger events are the falling and rising edge of the second probe (2) on the
travel path to X=100.
The measuring job is aborted with RESET or when the program advances to a new block.
Note
MEASA and MEAWA can be programmed in a block. If MEASA/MEAWA are programmed in
the same block as MEAS/MEAW, an error message will be output.
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
Measuring mode
The measuring mode specifies whether trigger events must be activated in parallel or
sequentially in ascending sequence and defines the number of measurements to be taken.
● Units decade (measuring mode)
0 = abort measurement job (e.g. for synchronized actions)
1 = up to four different trigger events that can be activated at the same time.
2 = up to four trigger events can be activated in succession.
Error output if the first trigger event is already present
3 = up to four trigger events can be activated in succession.
NO error output if the first trigger event is already present
● Tens decade (measuring system)
0/not set = use active measuring system
1 = first measuring system
2 = second measuring system (if available, otherwise the first measuring system is used.
No error message is output).
3 = first and second measuring system
Note
If the measuring job is performed with two measuring systems, a maximum of two trigger
events can be programmed. The measured values of both measuring systems are acquired
for each of the two trigger events.
Mode 3 is not supported by MEAC.
Trigger event
A trigger event comprises the number of the probe and the trigger criterion (rising or falling
edge) of the measuring signal.
1 = rising edge of probe 1
-1 = falling edge of probe 1
2 = rising edge of probe 2
-2 = falling edge of probe 2
If the measuring operation is performed with two measuring systems, a maximum of two trigger
events per probe can be programmed (rising or falling edge). The measured values of both
probes are acquired for each of the two trigger events. The default PROFIBUS telegram 391
setting means one measured value per trigger event and position controller cycle is possible.
For MEAC, the number of measured values per trigger event can be increased with PROFIBUS
telegram 395 to eight measured values for rising edge and eight measured values for falling
edge of each measuring input and position control cycle. This allows higher feed rates or
speeds to be implemented compared with PROFIBUS telegram 391.
For further information concerning the telegram selection, see Section "Telegram selection
(Page 505)".
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
FIFO variables
The axial measured values are available in the machine coordinate system (MCS). They are
stored in the circular buffer (FIFO) specified by MEAC. The measured values are entered in
FIFO variables in the FIFO using the circular principle, e.g. $AC_FIFO1. When two probes
have been projected for the measurement, the measured values of the second probe are saved
separately in the subsequent FIFO.
The number of measured values is limited. The length of the FIFO can be configured in the
MD28264 LEN_AC_FIFO (length of the FIFO variables $AC_FIFO1 - $AC_FIFO10)
The values can be read from the FIFO both in the part program and from synchronized actions.
The measurement remains active until:
● MEAC[axis]=(0) is programmed
● a FIFO is full
● RESET is pressed or end of program M02/M30 is reached
References:
Function Manual, Synchronized Actions; Detailed Description,
Section: Parameters ($AC_FIFO)
Probe status
It is possible to scan the probe status directly in the part program and in synchronized actions.
$A_PROBE[n] where n= probe
$A_PROBE[n]==1: Probe deflected
$A_PROBE[n]==0: Probe not deflected
Probe limitation
The probe limitation is available at the following system variables for PROFIBUS telegram 395:
$A_PROBE_LIMITED[n], where n = probe
$A_PROBE_LIMITED[n]==1: Probe limitation active
$A_PROBE_LIMITED[n]==0: Probe limitation inactive/reset
For additional information on system variables, see:
Reference:
Parameter Manual, System Variables
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
8.4.2 Telegram selection
Telegram selection for the axial measurement with MEAC

By default, the axial measurement is implemented with PROFIBUS telegram 391. PROFIBUS
telegram 395 is used for measuring with several measured values per trigger event and the
position control cycle.
The telegram selection is made from the STEP 7 HW Config, in the "DP Slave Properties" >
"Configuration" dialog.
The following settings are also required:
● Drive parameters:
CU: p0922 = 395; setting for the telegram selection
CU: p0684 = 16; setting of the measuring procedure
CU: p0680; configuration of the central probe terminal
● PROFIBUS connection:
MD13211 $MN_MEAS_CENTRAL_SOURCE = 2 (telegram integration without handshake)
8.4.3 Measurement results
Read measurement results of MEASA, MEAWA

The results of the measurement commands are stored in system data of the NCK and can be
read via system variables in the part program.
● System variable $AC_MEA[No]
Query measurement job status signal.
[No] stands for probe (1 or 2)
The variable is deleted at the beginning of a measurement. The variable is set as soon as
the probe fulfills the activation criterion (rising or falling edge). Execution of the
measurement job can thus be checked in the part program.
● System variable $AA_MM1[axis] to $AA_MM4[axis]
Access to the measured value of the trigger signal in the machine coordinate system. Read
in part program and in synchronized actions.
● System variable $AA_MW1[axis] to $AA_MW4[axis]
Access to the measured value of the trigger signal in the workpiece coordinate system.
Two measuring systems

If the measuring job is performed with two measuring systems, a maximum of two trigger events
can be programmed. The measured values of both probes are acquired for each of the two
probes.
One trigger event
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
$AA_MM1[axis] = trigger event 1, measured value from encoder 1

Two trigger events
PLC service display

For further information about the functional test of the probe, see Section "Measurement
results (Page 500)".
Read measurement results of MEAC

All measurements are written to a previously defined FIFO variable. The possible number of
measured values is defined via the machine data (see Section "Measurement (Page 501)").
● The correct operation is executed reliably for PROFIBUS telegram 391 for the ratios of the
IPO clock / position controller cycle ≤ 8:1.
● The correct operation is executed reliably for PROFIBUS telegram 395 for the ratios of the
IPO clock / position controller cycle ≤ 4:1.
● The contents of the FIFO memory can be read only once. When measurement results are
used more than once, the read-out values must be buffered in the user data.
Endless measuring
In order to implement endless measuring, FIFO values must be read cyclically from the part
program. The frequency with which the measured values are read from the FIFO memory and
processed must correspond to the writing frequency of the NC.
The number of valid entries is readable in a FIFO variable.
If measuring is to be terminated after reaching a defined number of measured values, the
measurement job must explicitly be deselected in the program.
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
8.5 Setting zeros, workpiece measuring and tool measuring
8.5.1 Preset actual value memory and scratching
Preset actual value memory

Preset actual value memory is initiated by means of an HMI operator action or via measuring
cycles. The calculated frame can be written to system frame $P_SETFRAME. The setpoint
position of an axis in the WCS can be altered when the actual value memory is preset.
The calculation is performed in the NC when a PI service is activated via
● HMI operator action or a
● Part program command from the measuring cycles.
A tool and a plane can be selected as a basis for the calculation. The calculated frame is
entered in the result frame.
Scratching
The term scratching refers to both the workpiece and tool measurement. The position of the
workpiece can be measured in relation to an edge, a corner or a hole. To determine the zero
position of the workpiece or the hole, setpoint positions can be added to the measured positions
in the WCS. The resulting offsets can be entered in a selected frame. In the tool measurement,
the length or radius of a tool can be measured using a measured reference part.
The measurements can be initiated via the
● HMI operator action or via
● Measuring cycles.
Communication with the NC takes place via predefined system variables. The calculation is
performed in the NCK when a PI service is activated via:
● the HMI operator action
● or through a part program command from the measuring cycles.
A tool and a plane can be selected as a basis for the calculation. The calculated frame is
entered in the result frame.
For more detailed information about channel-specific system frames, please see:
Parameter Manual, System Variables; list of system variables, Section: Frames
Function Manual, Basic Functions; Axes, Coordinate Systems, Frames (K2),
Section: Frames of the frame chain
Additional references:
Programming Manual, Production Planning; Technology Cycles
, Section: Swiveling - CYCLE800
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
8.5.2 Workpiece measuring
Workpiece measuring
For workpiece measurement, a probe is moved up to the clamped workpiece in the same way
as a tool. Due to the variety of different measuring types available, the most common
measurement jobs can be performed quite simply and easily on a turning or milling machine.
The position of the workpiece can be measured in relation to an edge, a corner or a hole.
To determine the zero position of the workpiece (workpiece zero W) or a hole, setpoint positions
can be added to the measured positions in the WCS. The resulting offsets can be entered in
a selected frame.
Variable interface
The variable interface comprises several system variables,
These are categorized as either:
● Input values
● Output values
Reference:
Parameter Manual, System Variables
Input values must be written by the HMI or the cycles. The output values result from the
calculations.
References:
Programming Manual, Measuring Cycles
8.5.2.1 Input values
Validity bits for the measurement types

To define which system variables are valid for the current measurement, each measuring
process must first declare all the variables as invalid. This is done with:
$AC_MEAS_VALID = 0.
Each input variable implicitly sets the corresponding bit in $AC_MEAS_VALID when writing to
the interface. If the validity bits are not reset, the values remain valid for the next calculation.
Note
The interface is not reset in case of machine control table reset or after M30 (reset at program
end).
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
Table 8-2 Validity bits for the input values of the variables $AC_MEAS_VALID
Bit Input value Meaning

0 $AA_MEAS_POINT1[axis] 1. Measuring point for all channel axes
4 $AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[axis] Setpoint position of the edge, corner, hole
5 $AC_MEAS_WP_SETANGLE Setpoint workpiece position angle α; -90 < φ <
180
6 $AC_MEAS_CORNER_SETANGLE Setpoint angle of intersection φ of the corner 0 <
φ < 180
7 $AC_MEAS_T_NUMBER Selected tool
7 $AC_MEAS_D_NUMBER Selected cutting edge
9 $AC_MEAS_DIR_APPROCH Approach direction for edge, groove, web and
tool measurement only
10 $AC_MEAS_ACT_PLANE Set working plane and infeed direction
11 $AC_MEAS_FRAME_SELECT Calculated frame in the specified frame
12 $AC_MEAS_TYPE Types of workpiece measurement
13 $AC_MEAS_FINE_TRANS Enter translational offsets
14 $AA_MEAS_SETANGEL[axis] Setpoint angle of an axis
15 $AA_MEAS_SCALEUNIT Unit of measurement for input and output values
16 $AA_MEAS_TOOL_MASK Tool settings
17 $AA_MEAS_P1_COORD Coordinate system of 1st measuring point
18 $AA_MEAS_P2_COORD Coordinate system of 2nd measuring point
19 $AA_MEAS_P3_COORD Coordinate system of 3rd measuring point
20 $AA_MEAS_P4_COORD Coordinate system of 4th measuring point
21 $AA_MEAS_SET_COORD Coordinate system of setpoint
22 $AA_MEAS_CHSFR System frame mask
23 $AA_MEAS_NCBFR Mask for global basic frame
24 $AA_MEAS_CHBFR Mask for channel basic frames
25 $AA_MEAS_UIFR Settable frame from data management
26 $AA_MEAS_PFRAME Do not calculate programmable frames
27 $AC_MEAS_INPUT[n] Measuring input parameter with length n
Note
All axis actual values of the appropriate measuring point are invalidated by:
$AC_MEAS_LATCH = 0
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
Measuring points
A maximum of four measuring points are available for all channel axes for measurement:
Type Input variable Meaning

REAL $AA_MEAS_POINT1[axis] 1. Measuring point for all channel axes
The measured points are normally available as actual values (= setpoint values) in WCS. A
measuring point is denoted as valid as soon as an axis value is described for it. Each individual
measuring point can be written or picked up.
A few measuring types also support measuring points lying in a different coordinates system
(BCS, MCS). The entry in which the coordinates system of the corresponding measuring point
was measured can be done via the following variables:
Type Input variable Meaning Values

INT $AA_MEAS_P1_COORD Coordinate system of 1st measuring point 0: WCS is the standard setting
INT $AA_MEAS_P2_COORD Coordinate system of 2nd measuring point 1: BCS
2: MCS
INT $AA_MEAS_P3_COORD Coordinate system of 3rd measuring point 3: ENS
INT $AA_MEAS_P4_COORD Coordinate system of 4th measuring point 4: WCS_REL
INT $AA_MEAS_SET_COORD Coordinate system of setpoint 5: ENS_REL
Actual values
The measuring points can be described for all the axes having the current axis actual values.
The positions are picked up with reference to the selected coordinates system. The positions
are attached in WCS if no coordinates system is specified. The following variable is used for
this purpose:
$AC_MEAS_LATCH[0..3]
The index varies from 0 to 3, corresponding to the 1st to 4th measuring point. Assigning the
value zero to the variable has the effect that all axis actual values of the corresponding
measuring point become invalid. Assigning the value 1 picks up all the axis actual values in
the corresponding measuring point. The variable is a write-only variable.
Individual axis actual values of a measuring point can be described with the following variables:
Type System variable Meaning Values

REAL $AA_MEAS_P1_VALID[ax] 1. Pick up the measuring point of an 0: The measuring point of the axis is
axis invalid
REAL $AA_MEAS_P2_VALID[ax] 2. Pick up the measuring point of an 1: The measuring point of the axis is
axis determined
REAL $AA_MEAS_P3_VALID[ax] 3. Pick up the measuring point of an
axis
REAL $AA_MEAS_P4_VALID[ax] 4. Pick up the measuring point of an
axis
The variables $AC_MEAS_LATCH[0..3] and $AA_MEAS_P[1..4]_VALID can be used

interactively. Allowance is made accordingly for the facing axis with diameter programming.
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
Setpoints
The resultant frame is calculated so that the measurement complies with the setpoints
specified by the user.
Table 8-3 Input values for the user setpoint values

REAL $AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[ax] Setpoint position of an axis
REAL $AA_MEAS_SETANGLE[ax] Setpoint angle of an axis
INT $AA_MEAS_SP_VALID[ax] 1: Setpoint position of axis is valid / 0: Invalid
REAL $AC_MEAS_WP_SETANGLE Rated workpiece position angle α: -90 < α < 180
REAL $AC_MEAS_CORNER_SETANGLE Setpoint cutting angle φ of corner: 0 < φ < 180
INT $AC_MEAS_DIR_APPROACH *) Approach direction:
0: +x, 1: -x, 2: +y, 3: -y, 4: +z, 5: -z
*) The approach direction is required only for the edge, groove, web and tool measurement.
The following measuring points are irrelevant and not evaluated:
● On inputting the setpoint workpiece position angle α: of the 2nd measuring point.
● When inputting the setpoint angle of intersection φ: at the 4th measuring point.
Plane separation
Plane separation for defining the tool orientation. The active level is used for all calculations if
no level is specified.
Type System variable Values

INT $AC_MEAS_ACT_PLANE 0: G17 working plane x/y infeed direction z
1: G18 working plane z/x infeed direction y
2: G19 working plane y/z infeed direction x
Translational offsets
When measuring workpieces, translational offsets can be entered in the fine offset component
of the selected frame. Variable $AC_MEAS_FINE_TRANS is used for this purpose.
Type System variable Values

INT $AC_MEAS_FINE_TRANS 0: Translational compensation is entered in the
coarse offset.
1: Translational compensation is entered in the
fine offset.
The following is applicable if the variable $AC_MEAS_FINE_TRANS is not described:

● The compensation value is entered in the coarse offset and transformed in the time frame.
There can also be a fine portion in the translation by virtue of the transformations.
● If the following machine data is not preset to 1:
MD18600 $MN_MM_FRAME_FINE_TRANS
The compensation is always entered in the course offset.
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
Calculated frame
When a workpiece is measured, the calculated frame is entered in the specified frame.
Table 8-4

INT $AC_MEAS_FRAME_SELECT Frame selection during tool measurement
The variable $AC_MEAS_FRAME_SELECT can assume the following values:
Value Meaning
0 $P_SETFRAME Active system frame
1 $P_PARTFRAME Active system frame
2 $P_EXTFRAME Active system frame
10..25 $P_CHBFRAME[0..15] Active channel-specific basic frames
50..65 $P_NCBFRAME[0..15] active NCU-global basic frames
100..199 $P_IFRAME The calculation is done using the active settable
frame, if the corresponding frame is selected. If the
selected frame is not active, the corresponding data
management frame is included in the calculation.
500 $P_TOOLFRAME Active system frame
501 $P_WPFRAME Active system frame
502 $P_TRAFRAME Active system frame
503 $P_PFRAME Active current programmable frame
504 $P_CYCFRAME Active system frame
505 $P_RELFRAME (workpiece coor‐ Active system frame
dinate system)
506 $P_RELFRAME (SZS) Active system frame
1010..1025 $P_CHBFRAME[0..15] active channel specification Basic frames with ac‐
tive G500
1050..1065 $P_NCBFRAME[0..15] active NCU-global Basic frames with active G500
2000 $P_SETFR System frame in data management
2001 $P_PARTFR System frame in data management
2002 $P_EXTFR System frame in data management
2010..2025 $P_CHBFR[0..15] Channel-specific basic frames in data management
2050..2065 $P_NCBFR[0..15] NCU-global basic frame in data management
2100..2199 $P_UIFR[0..99] settable frame in data management
2500 $P_TOOLFR System frame in data management
2501 $P_WPFR System frame in data management
2502 $P_TRAFR System frame in data management
2504 $P_CYCFR System frame in data management
2505 $P_RELFR (workpiece coordi‐ System frame in data management
nate system)
2506 $P_RELFR (SZS) System frame in data management
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
Value Meaning
3010..3025 $P_CHBFR[0..15] Channel-spec. Basic frames with active G500 in
data management
3050..3065 $P_NCBFR[0..15] NCU-global basic frames with active G500 in data
management
The MEASURE( ) function calculates frame $AC_MEAS_FRAME according to the specified

frame.
In the case of values
0 to 1065, the calculation is performed using the active frame.
2000 to 3065, the calculation is performed with reference to the selected frame in data
management. The frame selection in data management is not supported for measurement
types 14 and 15. A frame does not have to be active in order to select it in data management.
In this case, the calculation is performed as if the frame were active in the chain.
The measuring point is transformed in the selected system and the selected frame is
determined using the entire frame including the selected frame. Preset actual value memory
is active only after compensation and activation of the frame.
In the case of values
With active G500 active (1010..1025, 1050..1065, 3010..3025, 3050..3065), the target frame
is calculated so that G500 must be active after the frame is selected so that the setpoint position
can be calculated.
Conversion into another coordinate system

If a position is to be converted to a position in another coordinate system, the following variables
can be used to specify the composition of the desired frame chain:

INT $AC_MEAS_CHSFR Selection of system frames Bit mask corresponding to MD28082
$MC_MM_SYSTEM_FRAME_MASK
INT $AC_MEAS_NCBFR Selection of global basic frames Bit mask (0 ... FFFF)
INT $AC_MEAS_CHBFR Selection of channel basic frames Bit mask (0 ... FFFF)
INT $AC_MEAS_UIFR Selection of settable frames 0 ... 99
INT $AC_MEAS_PFRAME Programmable frame 0: is included
1: is not included
The data management frames are read and a new frame set up for the corresponding values
in the variables.
Note
If variables are not set, the active frames are retained.
Values should only be written to those variables whose data management frames are to be
included in the new frame chain. In the case of the basic frames, only all of the frames can be
exchanged, and not just a particular frame. Active changes via $P_NCBFRMASK and
$P_CHBFRMASK are ignored.
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
Array variable for workpiece and tool measurement

The following array variable of length n is used for further input parameters that are used in
the various measurement types

REAL $AC_MEAS_INPUT[n] Measurement input parameters n = 0 ... 9
The control action of the measurement input parameters is described with the measuring
methods.
Selection of tool or cutting edge

The tool and edge number of the active tool must correspond to the selected tool. When T0,
D0 is selected, the active tool is calculated. If no tool is active, the tool selected by T, D is
calculated. No tool other than the selected tool may be active.

INT $AC_MEAS_T_NUMBER Selected tool
INT $AC_MEAS_D_NUMBER Selected cutting edge
Measurements with 3D probe

When measuring with the 3D probe, the radius of the tool is already compensated with
reference to the measuring point, and therefore the radius does not have to be included when
calculating the various measurement operations. This property can be defined by means of
the following variable:

INT $AC_MEAS_TOOL_MASK Tool position
The variable $AC_MEAS_TOOL_SCREEN can assume the following values:
Value Meaning
0x0 All tool lengths are considered (default setting).
0x1 Tool radius is not included in the calculation
0x2 Tool position in x direction (G19)
0x4 Tool position in y direction (G18)
0x8 Tool position in y direction (G17)
0x10 Tool length is not included in the calculation
0x20 Length of the active tool is included in the coordinate transformation of a position.
0x40 Tool position in x direction.
0x80 Tool position in y direction.
0x100 Tool position in z direction.
0x200 Tool length differential values are included negatively.
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
Whether or not the radius of a milling tool is included in the calculation can be determined from
the tool position and approach direction. If the approach direction is not specified explicitly, it
is determined by the selected plane.
Plane Approach direction

G17 -z direction
G18 - y direction:
G19 - x direction
8.5.2.2 Measurement selection

The measurement is selected by means of the following variable:
Type System variable Description

INT $AC_MEAS_TYPE Measurement type selection
The variable $AC_MEAS_TYPE can assume the following values:
Value Description
0 Default
1 Edge_x Measuring the x edge
2 Edge_y Measuring the y edge
3 Edge_z Measuring the z edge
4 Corner_1 Measuring Corner 1
8 Hole Measuring a hole
9 Stud Measuring a shaft
10 * Tool length Measuring the tool length
11 * ToolDiameter Measuring the tool diameter
12 Slot Measuring a groove
13 Plate Measuring a web
14 Set_Pos Preset actual value for geometric and special axes
15 Set_AuxPos Preset actual value memory for special axes only
16 Edge_2P Measuring an inclined edge
17 Plane_Angles Angle of a plane
18 Plane_Normal Angle of a plane with setpoint input
19 Dimension_1 1-dimensional setpoint value
22 * ToolMagnifier ShopTurn: Measurement of tool lengths with zoom-in function
23 * ToolMarkedPos ShopTurn: Measuring a tool length with marked position
24 Coordinate transformation Coordinate transformation of a position
25 Rectangle Measurement of a rectangle
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
Value Description
26 Save Saving data management frames
27 Restore Restoring data management frames
28 Taper turning Additive rotation of the plane
* Types of workpiece measurement

The individual methods are listed under "Types of workpiece measurement" or "Types of tool
measurement"and explained in more detail using an appropriate programming example.
8.5.2.3 Output values
Calculation results
If a setpoint position has been specified, the resulting frame is entered in result frame
$AC_MEAS_FRAME. This frame can be read and written in the part program. The result frame
is calculated according to the selected frame.
If no frame has been selected, the result frame determines the final translation and rotation in
the WCS. This frame can be entered in the selected frame using the PI service _N_SETUDT
and parameter type no. 7. Once it has been entered, the result frame is deleted.
Table 8-5 Output values of calculation results
Type System variable Description

FRAME $AC_MEAS_FRAME Result frame
REAL $AC_MEAS_WP_ANGLE Calculated workpiece position angle α
REAL $AC_MEAS_CORNER_ANGLE Calculated angle of intersection ϕ
REAL $AC_MEAS_DIAMETER Calculated diameter
REAL $AC_MEAS_TOOL_LENGTH Calculated tool length
REAL $AC_MEAS_RESULTS[10] Calculation results (depending on
$AC_MEAS_TYPE)
8.5.2.4 Calculation method
Activating the calculation

The calculation is activated by an HMI operator action with PI service _N_SETUDT. This Pl
service can accept one of the following parameter types:
Type Meaning
1 Active tool offset
2 Active basic frames
3 Active settable frame
4 Global basic frames
5 Global settable frames
6 Calculate workpiece zero or tool lengths
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
Type Meaning
7 Activate workpiece zero (write scratching)
8 Activate external work offset
9 Activate active tool carrier, TCOABS and PAROT
The change becomes apparent immediately in the reset state. In the stop state, the frame is
retracted at the next start.
Note
The PI service can be executed only in the reset and stop states. In the case of workpiece
measurement, the calculated frame is activated immediately with type no. 7. In the case of tool
measurement, the PI service must not be dispatched with type no. 7, since a zero point does
not have to be activated.
Activation in the Stop state

The new WCS positions are refreshed in the Stop state. With the continuation start on the part
program, the distance-to-go of the interrupted block is deleted. Traversal is made from the
current position to the end point of the next block.
Therefore, it is also possible in the Stop state to start a spindle in the MDA mode or in the part
program and set and scratch an actual value with M0. Another measurement can also be
performed.
Measuring cycles
The calculation in the measuring cycles is performed according to the predefined function:
INT MEASURE( )
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
MEASURE() delivers a result frame that can be read via $AC_MEAS_FRAME:

● The result is the translation and rotation from the setpoint values recalculated on the
selected frame.
● The result frame is calculated as follows:
The concatenated total frame produces the concatenation of the total frame (prior to
measurement) with the calculated translation and rotation.
NOTICE
No preprocessing limitation
MEASURE() does not trigger any implicit block search stop. Because MEASURE( ) works
with the frames of the preprocessing block, the user must decide whether a preprocessing
stop is required prior to the calculation.
Note
If no frame is selected, the calculated frame is not transformed, i.e. the translation and
rotation is determined on the basis of the specified setpoints and the calculated position of
the edge, corner, groove, etc. Where the function is used more than once, it is always added
to the result frame.
The result frame may need to be deleted beforehand.
Semaphore variable
The measurement variable occurs only once per channel. The measuring operation can be
initiated via an operator input in the stop and reset states. The operation can overlap with the
measuring cycles in the stop state. The following variable serves to protect against mutual
overwriting:
$AC_MEAS_SEMA (semaphore of measurement interface)
The semaphore variable $AC_MEAS_SEMA is
● set to 1 at the beginning of the cycle and
● reset to 0 again at the end of the cycle.
HMI does not use the measurement interface if the variable has the value 1.
Error messages
If the client does not log on, group error number 0xD003 is always generated. If a logon takes
place through DIAGN:errCodeSetNrGent or DIAGN:errCodeSetNrPi, then PI_SETUDT
provides the error code corresponding to the following syntax:
EX_ERR_PI_REJ_<return value>, e.g. EX_ERR_PI_REJ_ MEASNOTYPE
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
The following return values are output via the pre-defined MEASURE() function:
Table 8-6 Predefined error messages
No. Return values Meaning

0 MEAS_OK Correct calculation
1 MEAS_NO_TYPE Type not specified
2 MEAS_TOOL_ERROR Error determining the tool
3 MEAS_NO_POINT1 Measuring point 1 does not exist
7 MEAS_NO_SPECPOINT No reference point available
8 MEAS_NO_DIR No approach direction
9 MEAS_EQUAL_POINTS Measuring points are identical
10 MEAS_WRONG_ALPHA Alpha α is wrong
11 MEAS_WRONG_PHI Phi ϕ is wrong
12 MEAS_WRONG_DIR Wrong approach direction
13 MEAS_NO_CROSSING Lines do not intersect
14 MEAS_NO_PLANE Planes do not exist
15 MEAS_WRONG_FRAME No frame or incorrect frame selected
16 MEAS_NO_MEMORY Insufficient memory available
17 MEAS_INTERNAL_ERROR Internal error
Tool measurement error

In the case of error code MEAS_TOOL_ERROR or EX_ERR_PI_REJ_MEASTOOLERROR,
the system stores a more detailed specification of the error with the following values in output
variable $AC_MEAS_TOOL_LENGTH:
Table 8-7 Predefined error messages for MEAS_TOOL_ERROR
No. Return values Meaning

1 TOOL_NO_BLOCK No block available for the tool calculation
2 TOOL_WRONG_T_NUMBER Wrong T number
3 TOOL_WRONG_D_NUMBER Wrong D number
4 TOOL_EVAL_WRONG_TYPE The tool does not exist
5 TOOL_NO_TOOLCORR_BODY Memory problem
6 TOOL_DATA_READ_ERROR Error reading the tool data
7 TOOL_NO_TOOL_WITH_TRAFO No tool is selected with an active transformation
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
8.5.2.5 Units of measurement and measurement variables for the calculation
INCH or METRIC unit of measurement

The following input and output variables are evaluated with inch or metric units of
measurement:
$AA_MEAS_POINT1[axis] Input variable for 1st measuring point

$AA_MEAS_POINT2[axis] Input variable for 2nd measuring point
$AA_MEAS_POINT3[axis] Input variable for 3rd measuring point
$AA_MEAS_POINT4[axis] Input variable for 4th measuring point
$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[axis] Input variable for setpoint position
$AC_MEAS_DIAMETER Output variable for calculated diameter
$AC_MEAS_TOOL_LENGTH Output variable for calculated tool length
$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[n] Output variable for calculation results
The system of units in which the input and output values can be read or written can be set via
the input variable.
INT $AC_MEAS_SCALEUNIT Unit of measurement for input and output variable

0: Unit of measurement with reference to active G codes G70/G700 in INCH
active G codes G71/G701 in METRIC
1: Unit of measurement corresponds to the configuration; the measurement system can
be set via OPI (standard setting)
The value 1 is always treated as the standard setting if the variable is not written.
Example:
The basic system is metric:

G70
$AC_MEAS_POINT1[x] = $AA_IW[x] ; $AA_IW[x] supplies the basic system
$AC_MEAS_POINT1[x] = 10 ; 10 mm
G71
$AC_MEAS_POINT1[x] = $AA_IW[x] ; $AA_IW[x] supplies the basic system
G700
$AC_MEAS_POINT1[x] = $AA_IW[x] ; $AA_IW[x] supplies inch value
$AC_MEAS_POINT1[x] = 10 ; 10 inch
G710
$AC_MEAS_POINT1[x] = $AA_IW[x] ; $AA_IW[x] supplies metric value
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
Diameter programming
Diameter programming is set via machine data:
MD20100 $MC_DIAMETER_AX_DEF = "X" ; Transverse axis is x

MD20150 $MC_GCODE_RESET_VALUES[28] = 2 ; DIAMON
MD20360 $MC_TOOL_PARAMETER_DEF_MASK ; Tool length, frames and
= 'B1001010' ; Actual value in the diameter
The following is to be taken into account:
● Axis positions in the MCS are not included as diameter value.
● The calculated tool lengths and frame components do not depend on the active G code
DIAMON or DIAMOF.
● The measured positions and setpoint positions are read and written depending on DIAMON.
● The translations in the frames are calculated as a diameter in the transverse axis.
Arithmetic and display precision

Position values in mm, inches or degrees are accurately calculated and displayed to six
decimal places.
8.5.2.6 Diagnostics
The following diagnostic options exists for the measurement interface:
● If the file /_N_MPF_DIR/_N_MEAS_DUMP_MPF is available, a log is written in the file that
should enable the reproduction of the problem.
● The logging is started by creating a blank file having the filename _N_MEAS_DUMP_MPF
in the /_N_MPF_DIR directory.
● The content of the file is preserved till it is deleted with $AC_MEAS_VALID = 0.
For runtime reasons, the trace should be activated only if a problem is detected.
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
8.5.3 Types of workpiece measurement
8.5.3.1 Measurement of an edge (measurement type 1, 2, 3)
Measurement of an x edge ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 1)

The edge of a clamped workpiece is measured by approaching this edge with a known tool.
\ \
[ [
[ [ [ [
Figure 8-1 x edge
The values of the following variables are evaluated for measurement type 1:
Input variable Meaning

$AC_MEAS_VALID Validity bits for input variables
$AA_MEAS_POINT1[axis] Measuring point 1 for all channel axes
$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[axis] Setpoint position of x edge *
$AC_MEAS_DIR_APPROACH 0: +x, 1: -x
$AC_MEAS_ACT_PLANE Without specification, calculation is undertaken with the ac‐
tive plane,
the radius of the tool is used only in G17 and G18 *
$AC_MEAS_FINE_TRANS 0: Coarse offset, 1: Fine offset
$AC_MEAS_FRAME_SELECT Calculated as additive frame unless otherwise specified *
$AC_MEAS_T_NUMBER Calculated as active T unless otherwise specified (T0) *
$AC_MEAS_D_NUMBER Calculated as active D unless otherwise specified (D0) *
$AC_MEAS_TYPE 1
* optional
The following output variables are written for measurement type 1:
Output variable Meaning

$AC_MEAS_FRAME Result frame with translation
$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[0] Position of the measured edge
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
Example
x edge measurement

DEF INT RETVAL
DEF FRAME TMP
$TC_DP1[1,1]=120 ; Type
$TC_DP2[1,1]=20 ;0
$TC_DP3[1,1]=10 ; (z) length compensation vector
$TC_DP4[1,1]= 0 ; (y)
$TC_DP5[1,1]=0 ; (x)
$TC_DP6[1,1]=2 ; Radius
T1 D1
g0 x0 y0 z0 f10000
G54
; Measure x edge
$AC_MEAS_VALID = 0 ; Set all input values to invalid
g1 x-1 y-3 ; 1. Approach measuring point
$AA_MEAS_POINT1[x] = $AA_IW[x]
$AA_MEAS_POINT1[y] = $AA_IW[y]
$AA_MEAS_POINT1[z] = $AA_IW[z]
$AC_MEAS_DIR_APPROACH = 0 ; Set approach direction +x
$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[x] = 0 ; Set setpoint position of the edge

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[y] = 0
$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[z] = 0
$AC_MEAS_ACT_PLANE = 0 ; Measuring plane is G17
$AC_MEAS_FRAME_SELECT = 101 ; Select frame - IFRAME
$AC_MEAS_T_NUMBER = 1 ; Select tool

$AC_MEAS_D_NUMBER = 1
$AC_MEAS_TYPE = 1 ; Set measurement type for x edge
RETVAL = MEASURE() ; Start measuring process
if RETVAL <> 0
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement

setal(61000 + RETVAL)
endif
$P_IFRAME = $AC_MEAS_FRAME
$P_UIFR[1] = $P_IFRAME ; Describe system frame in data management
g1 x0 y0 ; Approach the edge
m30
Measurement of a y edge ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 2)
\
\ \
\
\
[ [
\
Figure 8-2 y edge

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[axis] Setpoint position of y edge *
$AC_MEAS_DIR_APPROACH 2: +y, 3: -y
tive plane,
$AC_MEAS_FINE_TRANS 0: Coarse offset, 1: Fine offset *
$AC_MEAS_TYPE 2
* optional
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement

Measurement of a z edge ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 3)
]
]
Figure 8-3 z edge

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[axis] Setpoint position of z edge *
$AC_MEAS_DIR_APPROACH 4: +z, 5: -z
tive plane,
$AC_MEAS_TYPE 3
* optional

Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
8.5.3.2 Measurement of an angle (measurement type 4, 5, 6, 7)
Measurement of a corner C1 - C4 ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 4, 5, 6, 7)

A corner is uniquely defined by approaching four measuring points P1 to P4. Three measuring
points suffice for a known angle of intersection ϕ.
If the angle of intersection ϕ and the workpiece position angle α are known, two measurement
points P1 and P3 suffice.
3
\ \
3
&
3 3 3
3 3 3
&
[ [
Figure 8-4 Corner C1, corner C2
C3 P2
y P2 P3 y
P1
P1 P4
C4
P3
P4
x x
Figure 8-5 Corner C3, corner C4
The values of the following variables are evaluated for measurement types 4 to 7:

$AA_MEAS_POINT1[axis] Measuring point 1
$AA_MEAS_POINT2[axis] Measuring point 2 irrelevant for $AC_MEAS_WP_SE‐
TANGLE
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement

$AA_MEAS_POINT4[axis] Measuring point 4 irrelevant for $AC_MEAS_COR‐
NER_SETANGLE
$AA_MEAS_WP_SETANGLE Setpoint workpiece position angle *
$AA_MEAS_CORNER_SETANGLE Setpoint angle of intersection *
$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[axis] Setpoint position of corner *
$AC_MEAS_ACT_PLANE Calculated as active plane unless otherwise specified
*
$AC_MEAS_FRAME_SELECT Calculated as additive frame unless otherwise speci‐
fied *
$AC_MEAS_T_NUMBER Calculated as active T unless otherwise specified (T0)
*
$AC_MEAS_D_NUMBER Calculated as active D unless otherwise specified (D0)
*
$AC_MEAS_INPUT[0] Without specification of outer corner *
=0: Measurement for outer corner
=1: Measurement for inner corner
$AC_MEAS_TYPE 4, 5, 6, 7
* optional
The following variables are written for measurement types 4 to 7:

$AC_MEAS_FRAME Result frame with translation and rotation
$AC_MEAS_WP_ANGLE Calculated workpiece position angle
$AC_MEAS_CORNER_ANGLE Calculated angle of intersection
$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[0] Abscissa of calculated vertex
$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[1] Ordinate of calculated vertex
$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[2] Applicate of calculated vertex
Example
Corner measurement C1: Corner with three measuring points (P1, P3 and P4) and known
angle of intersection ϕ (90°) and unknown workpiece position angle α.

DEF INT RETVAL
DEF FRAME TMP
$TC_DP1[1,1]=120 ; Type
$TC_DP2[1,1]=20 ; 0
$TC_DP4[1,1]=0 ; (y)
$TC_DP5[1,1]=0 ; (x)
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement

T1 D1
g0 x0 y0 z0 f10000
G54
$P_CHBFRAME[0] = crot(z,45)
$P_IFRAME[x,tr] = -sin(45)
$P_IFRAME[y,tr] = -sin(45)
$P_PFRAME[z,tr] = -45
; Measure corner with 3 measuring points

g1 x-1 y-3 ; 1. Approach measuring point

$AC_MEAS_LATCH[0] = 1 ; Pick up measuring point P1
g1 x-4 y4 ; 3. Approach measuring point


$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[x] = 0 ; Set position setpoint of the corner to

(0, 0, 0)
$AC_MEAS_CORNER_SETANGLE = 90 ; Define setpoint angle of intersection ϕ

$AC_MEAS_FRAME_SELECT = 0 ; Select frame - SETFRAME

$AC_MEAS_TYPE = 4 ; Set measuring type on corner 1
if RETVAL <> 0
endif
if $AC_MEAS_CORNER_ANGLE <> 90 ; Query known setpoint angle of intersec-

tion ϕ
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement

setal(61000 + $AC_MEAS_CORNER_ANGLE)
endif
$P_SETFRAME = $AC_MEAS_FRAME
$P_SETFR = $P_SETFRAME ; Describe system frame in data management
g1 x0 y0 ; Approach the corner
g1 x10 ; Approach the rectangle

y10
x0
y0
m30
8.5.3.3 Measurement of a hole (measurement type 8)
Measuring points for determining a hole ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 8)

Three measuring points are needed to determine the center point and diameter. The three
points must all be different. When four points are specified, the circle is adjusted in accordance
with the least square method. The circle is determined so that the sum of the distance squares
of the points to the circle is minimal. The quality of the adjustment can be read.
\ * [ * ] *

' ' '

[ ] \
Figure 8-6 Hole
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement

$AA_MEAS_POINT4[axis] When specified, the center is determined from four
points *
$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[axis] Setpoint position of hole center *
$AC_MEAS_ACT_PLANE Calculated as active plane unless otherwise specified *
$AC_MEAS_FRAME_SELECT Calculated as additive frame unless otherwise specified
*
$AC_MEAS_T_NUMBER Calculated as active T unless otherwise specified (T0)
*
$AC_MEAS_D_NUMBER Calculated as active D unless otherwise specified (D0)
*
$AC_MEAS_TYPE 8
* optional

$AC_MEAS_DIAMETER Diameter of hole
$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[0] Abscissa of the calculated center point
$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[1] Ordinate of the calculated center point
$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[2] Applicate of the calculated center point
$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[3] Quality of the circle adjustment: Sum of the distance
squares
Example
Measuring a hole

DEF INT RETVAL
DEF FRAME TMP
$TC_DP1[1,1]=120 ; Type
$TC_DP2[1,1]=20 ; 0
$TC_DP4[1,1]=0 ; (y)
$TC_DP5[1,1]=0 ; (x)
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement

T1 D1
g0 x0 y0 z0 f10000
G54
: Measure hole

g1 x0 y3 ; 2. Approach measuring point

g1 x3 y0 ; 3. Approach measuring point

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[x] = 0 ; Set setpoint position of the center



$AC_MEAS_TYPE = 8 ; Set measuring type on hole

if RETVAL <> 0
endif
if $AC_MEAS_DIAMETER <> 10 ; Query known diameter

setal(61000 + $AC_MEAS_WP_ANGLE)
endif
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
g1 x-3 y0 ; Approach P1
g2 I = $AC_MEAS_DIAMETER / 2 ; Approach hole in reference to the center of

the circle
m30
8.5.3.4 Measurement of a shaft (measurement type 9)
Measuring points for determining a shaft ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 9)

Three measuring points are needed to determine the center point and diameter. The three
points must all be different. When four points are specified, the circle is adjusted in accordance
with the least square method. The circle is determined so that the sum of the distance squares
of the points to the circle is minimal. The quality of the adjustment can be read.
\ * [ * ] *

'
' '

[ ] \
Figure 8-7 Shaft

$AA_MEAS_POINT4[axis] When specified, the center is determined from four points *
$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[axis] Setpoint position of shaft center point *
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement

$AC_MEAS_TYPE 9
* optional

$AC_MEAS_DIAMETER Diameter of hole
$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[3] Quality of the circle adjustment: Sum of the distance
squares
8.5.3.5 Measurement of a groove (measurement type 12)
Measuring points for determining the position of a groove ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 12)

A groove is measured by approaching the two outside corners or inner edges. The groove
center can be set to a setpoint position. The component of the approach direction determines
the groove position.
\ \
\
[ [ \
\
[ [ [
Figure 8-8 Groove

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[axis] Setpoint position of groove center *
$AC_MEAS_DIR_APPROACH 0: +x, 1: -x, 2: +y, 3: -y, 4: +z, 5: -z
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement

$AC_MEAS_INPUT[0] Approach direction for 2nd measuring point for a recess
measurement. Must have the same coordinate as the ap‐
proach direction of the 1st point. *
0: +x, 1: -x, 2: +y, 3: -y, 4: +z, 5: -z
$AC_MEAS_TYPE 12
* optional

$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[0] Position of calculated groove center (x0, y0 or z0)
$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[1] Groove width in approach direction
Example
Groove measurement with approach direction in x

DEF INT RETVAL
DEF FRAME TMP
$TC_DP1[1,1]=120 ; Type
$TC_DP2[1,1]=20 ; 0
$TC_DP4[1,1]=0 ; (y)
$TC_DP5[1,1]=0 ; (x)
T1 D1
g0 x0 y0 z0 f10000
G54
$P_CHBFRAME[0] = crot(z,45)
$P_IFRAME[x,tr] = -sin(45)
$P_IFRAME[y,tr] = -sin(45)
$P_PFRAME[z,rt] = -45
; Measure groove
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
g1 x-2 ; 1. Approach measuring point

g1 x4 ; 2. Approach measuring point

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[x] = 0 ; Set setpoint position of the groove center

$AC_MEAS_DIR_APPROACH = 0 ; Set approach direction +x


$AC_MEAS_TYPE = 12 ; Set measuring type on groove
if RETVAL <> 0 setal(61000 + RETVAL)

endif
g1 x0 y0 ; Approach the groove center
m30
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
8.5.3.6 Measurement of a web (measurement type 13)
Measuring points for determining the position of a web ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 13)

A web is measured by approaching the two outside corners or inner edges. The web center
can be set to a setpoint position. The component of the approach direction determines the web
position.
\
\ \
[ [ \
[ [ \ [
Figure 8-9 Web

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[axis] Setpoint position of web center *
$AC_MEAS_INPUT[0] Approach direction for 2nd measuring point for a recess
measurement. Must have the same coordinate as the ap‐
proach direction of the 1st point. *
0: +x, 1: -x, 2: +y, 3: -y, 4: +z, 5: -z
$AC_MEAS_TYPE 13
* optional

$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[0] Position of calculated web center (x0, y0 or z0)
$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[1] Web width in approach direction
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
8.5.3.7 Measurement of geo axes and special axes (measurement type 14, 15)
Preset actual value memory for geo axes and special axes ($AC MEAS TYPE = 14)
This measurement type is used on the HMI operator interface.
6SHFLDOD[HV
]
$6HW $6HW $6HW
< 3$FW $
]L $FW
$$FW
\L
$$FW
36HW
[V\V]V [L [
Figure 8-10 Preset actual value memory

$AA_MEAS_POINT1[axis] Actual values of the axes
$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[axis] Setpoint position of the individual axes *
$AC_MEAS_TYPE 14
* optional

$AC_MEAS_FRAME Result frame with translations
Example
Reference point setting in relative coordinate systems.

DEF INT RETVAL
T1 D1 ; Activate probe
G54 ; Activate all frames and G54
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
TRANS x=10 ; Offset between WCS and ENS

G0 x0 f10000 ; WCS(x) = 0; ENS(x) = 10
$AC_MEAS_VALID = 0 ; Set all input variables to invalid

$AC_MEAS_TYPE = 14 ; Measuring type for preset actual value mem-
ory
$AC_MEAS_P1_COORD = 5 ; ENS_REL for 1st measuring point

$AC_MEAS_LATCH[0] = 1 ; Pick up all axis positions
$AC_MEAS_SET_COORD = 5 ; Setpoint position is relative to ENS

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[x] = 0 ; Setpoint position in the relative ENS co-
ordinate system
$AC_MEAS_FRAME_SELECT = 2505 ; $P_RELFR
RETVAL = MEASURE() ; Calculation of $P_RELFR; PI SETUDT(6)

IF RETVAL <> 0 GOTOF ERROR
ENDIF $ P_RELFR = $AC_MEAS_FRAME ; Activation; PI SETUDT(7)
Preset actual value memory for special axes only ($AC MEAS TYPE = 15)
This measurement type is used on the HMI operator interface.
6SHFLDOD[HV
$6HW $6HW $6HW
$$FW
$$FW
$$FW
Figure 8-11 Preset actual value memory for special axes only

$AA_MEAS_POINT1[axis] Actual values of the axes
$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[axis] Setpoint position of the individual axes *
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement

$AC_MEAS_TYPE 15
* optional

$AC_MEAS_FRAME Result frame with translations
8.5.3.8 Measurement of an oblique edge (measurement type 16)
Measurement of an oblique edge ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 16)

This measurement determines the position angle of the workpiece and enters it in the frame.
A setpoint angle in the +/- 90 degrees range can be input. This can be interpreted as the
resultant rotation of the workpiece after the result frame for the active WCS has been
activated.
* * *

< [ 5HIHUHQFHD[LV ]
3
3 3 3
3 3
[ ] <
Figure 8-12 Oblique edge in planes G17, G18 and G19

$AA_MEAS_SETANGLE Setpoint angle *
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement

$AC_MEAS_INPUT[0] Unless otherwise specified, the reference coordinate for the align‐
ment of the workpiece is always the abscissa of the selected
plane. *
=0: Reference coordinate is the abscissa
=1: Reference coordinate is the ordinate
$AC_MEAS_INPUT[1] Unless otherwise specified, the workpiece position angle is en‐
tered in the frame as a rotation. Otherwise, a channel axis index
can be specified for a rotary axis whose translation is set to the
current rotary axis position plus the calculated rotation. The work‐
piece is then aligned at rotary axis position = 0. The current rotary
axis value must be set in $AA_MEAS_POINT[axis]. *
$AC_MEAS_TYPE 16
* optional

$AC_MEAS_FRAME Result frame with rotation
8.5.3.9 Measurement of an oblique angle in a plane (measurement type 17)
Measurement of an angle in an inclined plane ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 17)

The oblique plane is determined using three measuring points P1, P2 and P3.
$&B0($6B5(68/76>@
˞
3
3
\ 3
]ಬ \ಬ
˞
$&B0($6B5(68/76>@
[ಬ
Figure 8-13 Oblique plane in G17
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
$AC_MEAS_TYPE = 17 defines two resulting angles α 0 and α 1 for the skew of the plane; these
are entered in $AC_MEAS_RESULTS[0..1]:
● $AC_MEAS_RESULTS[0] → Rotation at the abscissa
● $AC_MEAS_RESULTS[1] → Rotation at the ordinate
These angles are calculated by means of the three measuring points P1, P2 and P3. In this
type of measurement the angle for the applicate ($AC_MEAS_RESULTS[2]) is always pre-
filled with 0.
A setpoint rotation that is entered in the result frame can be input for the abscissa and/or the
ordinate. If only one angle is specified with a setpoint, the second angle is calculated such that
the three measuring points are on an oblique plane with the setpoint angle. Only rotations are
entered in the result frame, the WCS reference point is retained. The WCS is rotated such that
z' is perpendicular to the oblique plane.
The following plane settings are defined for measurement type 17:
Axis identifier G17 G18 G19

Abscissa x axis z axis y axis
Ordinate y axis x axis z axis
Applicate (infeed axis) z axis y axis x axis

$AA_MEAS_SETANGLE[axis] Setpoint rotations around abscissa and ordinate *
$AC_MEAS_INPUT[0] Unless otherwise specified,
the points are not projected in a plane *
0: Points are not projected on a plane
1: Points are projected in the active plane or in the selected plane
$AC_MEAS_TYPE 17
* optional

$AC_MEAS_FRAME Result frame
$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[0] Angles around abscissa from which three measuring points are
calculated
$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[1] Angles around ordinate from which three measuring points are
calculated
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement

$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[2] Angles around applicate from which three measuring points are
calculated
$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[3] Angle around abscissa which is entered in the result frame
$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[4] Angle around ordinate which is entered in the result frame
$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[5] Angle around applicate which is entered in the result frame
Example
Measure angle of a plane.

DEF INT RETVAL
DEF AXIS _XX, _YY, _ZZ
$AC_MEAS_TYPE = 17 ; Set measurement type for oblique plane

_XX=$P_AXN1 ; Define axes according to the plane

_YY=$P_AXN2
_ZZ=$P_AXN3
G17 G1 _XX=10 _YY=10 F1000 ; 1. Approach measuring point

MEAS = 1 _ZZ=...
$AA_MEAS_POINT1[_xx] = $AA_MW[_xx] ; Assign measurement value to abscissa
$AA_MEAS_POINT1[_yy] = $AA_MW[_yy] ; Assign measurement value to ordinate
$AA_MEAS_POINT1[_zz] = $AA_MW[_zz] ; Assign measurement value to applicate
G1 _XX=20 _YY=10 F1000 ; 2. Approach measuring point

MEAS = 1 _ZZ=...

MEAS = 1 _ZZ=...
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement

; Define setpoints for angle
$AA_MEAS_SETANGLE[_xx] = 12 ; Rotation around the abscissa
$AA_MEAS_SETANGLE[_yy] = 4 ; Rotation around the ordinate
$AC_MEAS_FRAME_SELECT = 102 ; Select target frame - G55

RETVAL = MEASURE() ; Start measurement calculation
if RETVAL <> 0
endif
if $AC_MEAS_RESULTS[0] <> 12
setal(61000 + $AC_MEAS_RESULTS[0])
endif
if $AC_MEAS_RESULTS[1] <> 4
setal(61000 + $AC_MEAS_RESULTS[1])
endif
$P_UIFR[2] = $AC_MEAS_FRAME ; Write measurement frame in data management

(G55)
G55 G0 AX[_xx]=10 AX[_yy]=10 ; Activate frame and traverse

m30
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
8.5.3.10 Redefine measurement around a WCS reference frame (measurement type 18)
Redefine WCS coordinate system ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 18)

The zero point of the new WCS is determined by measuring point P1 at surface normal on the
oblique plane.
$&B0($6B5(68/76>@
] ]
$&B0($6B5(68/76>@
˞
3
[
3
<
:&6
3
˞
$&B0($6B5(68/76>@
:&6 [
Figure 8-14 Oblique plane in G17
Measurement of plane
The plane is measured in one measuring cycle. The cycle records the three measuring points
and passes the necessary values to the variable interface.
The MEASURE() function calculates the solid angles and translational offset of the new WCS'
on the basis of the input values.
Transformation of measuring frame

The results of the calculation, i.e. the solid angles and translation, are entered in measuring
frame $AC_MEAS_FRAME. The measuring frame is transformed according to the selected
frame in the frame chain. The solid angles are also stored in the output values
$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[0..2]. In
● The angle around the abscissa of the old WCS is stored in $AC_MEAS_RESULTS[0],
● The angle around the ordinate is stored in $AC_MEAS_RESULTS[1] and
● The angle around the applicate is stored in $AC_MEAS_RESULTS[2].
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
Define the new WCS' zero

After performing the calculation, the measuring cycle can write and activate the selected frame
in the frame chain with the measuring frame. After activation, the new WCS is positioned at
surface normal on the inclined plane, with measuring point P1 as the zero point of the new
WCS.
The programmed positions then refer to the inclined plane.
Application
CAD systems often define inclined planes by specifying three points P1, P2 and P3 on this
plane. In this case,
● 1. measuring point P1 is applied as the new WCS' reference point,
● 2. Measuring point P2 defines the direction of the abscissa x' of the newly rotated WCS'
coordinate system and the
● 3. measuring point P3 is used to determine the solid angles.

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[axis] Setpoint position of P1 *
$AC_MEAS_INPUT[0] Unless otherwise specified,
the points are not projected in a plane *
0: Points are not projected on a plane
1: Points are projected in the active plane or in the selected plane
$AC_MEAS_TYPE 18
* optional

$AC_MEAS_FRAME Result frame with rotations and transformation
$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[0] Calculated angle around the abscissa
$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[1] Calculated angle around the ordinate
$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[2] Calculated angle around the applicate
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
Example
Workpiece coordinate system on the inclined plane

DEF INT RETVAL

$AC_MEAS_TYPE = 18 ; Set measurement type for oblique plane

_YY=$P_AXN2
_ZZ=$P_AXN3
G17 G1 _XX=10 _YY=10 F1000 ; 1. Approach measuring point

MEAS = 1 _ZZ=...


MEAS = 1 _ZZ=...


MEAS = 1 _ZZ=...

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[_xx] = 10 ; Define setpoints for P1

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[_yy] = 10
$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[_zz] = 10

Extended Functions
M5: Measurement


if RETVAL <> 0
endif
; Calculation results for the solid angles

; Angle around the …
R0 = $AC_MEAS_RESULTS[0] ; Abscissa for the old WCS
R1 = $AC_MEAS_RESULTS[1] ; Ordinate
R2 = $AC_MEAS_RESULTS[2] ; Applicate

(G55)

m30
8.5.3.11 Measurement of a 1-, 2- and 3-dimensional setpoint selection (measurement type 19,
20, 21)
1-dimensional setpoint value ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 19)

With this measurement method, it is possible to define exactly one setpoint for the abscissa,
the ordinate and the applicate. If two or three setpoints are defined, only the first is accepted
in the sequence abscissa, ordinate and applicate. The tool is not taken into account.
It is purely an actual value memory preset for the abscissa, the ordinate or the applicate.

$AA_MEAS_POINT1[axis] Measuring point 1 for the abscissa
$AA_MEAS_POINT1[axis] Measuring point 1 for the ordinate
$AA_MEAS_POINT1[axis] Measuring point 1 for the applicate
$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[axis] Setpoint position of abscissa or ordinate or applicate
$AC_MEAS_FINE_TRANS Unless otherwise specified, frame is written to coarse translation
*
$AC_MEAS_TYPE 19
* optional
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement

$AC_MEAS_FRAME Result frame with rotations and translation
Example
1-dimensional setpoint selection

DEF INT RETVAL
DEF REAL _CORMW_XX,
_CORMW_YY,
_CORMW_ZZ
$AC_MEAS_TYPE = 19 ; Set measurement type for 1-dimensional
setpoint selection
_YY=$P_AXN2
_ZZ=$P_AXN3
; Assign measured values
$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[_xx] = 10 ; Define setpoint for abscissa
if RETVAL <> 0
endif
(G55)
m30

Setpoints for two dimensions can be defined using this measuring method. Any combination
of 2 out of 3 axes is permissible. If three setpoints are specified, only the values for the abscissa
and the ordinate are accepted. The tool is not taken into account.
This is a purely actual value memory preset.
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[axis] Setpoint position for the 1st dimension
$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[axis] Setpoint position for the 2nd dimension
*
$AC_MEAS_TYPE 20
* optional

Example

DEF INT RETVAL
DEF REAL _CORMW_XX,
_CORMW_YY,
_CORMW_ZZ
setpoint selection
_YY=$P_AXN2
_ZZ=$P_AXN3
$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[_xx] = 10 ; Define setpoint for abscissa and ordinate
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement

if RETVAL <> 0
endif
(G55)
m30

Using this measurement method, it is possible to define a setpoint for the abscissa, the ordinate
and the applicate. The tool is not taken into account.
It is purely an actual value memory preset for the abscissa, ordinate and applicate.

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[axis] Setpoint position for the abscissa
$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[axis] Setpoint position for the ordinate
$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[axis] Setpoint position for the applicate
*
$AC_MEAS_TYPE 21
* optional

Example

DEF INT RETVAL
DEF REAL _CORMW_XX,
_CORMW_YY,
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement

_CORMW_ZZ
setpoint selection
_YY=$P_AXN2
_ZZ=$P_AXN3
$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[_xx] = 10 ; Define setpoint for abscissa, ordinate and
applicate
$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[_yy] = 10 ; Define
$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[_zz] = 10
if RETVAL <> 0
endif
(G55)
m30
8.5.3.12 Measuring a measuring point in any coordinate system (measurement type 24)
Measurement method for converting a measuring point in any coordinate system ($AC_MEAS_TYPE
= 24)
With this method of measurement, a measuring point in any coordinate system (WCS, BCS,
MCS) can be converted with reference to a new coordinate system by coordinate
transformation.
The new coordinate system is generated by specifying a desired frame chain.
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
30&6 3
0&6
<
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6SHFLILHGIUDPH
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Figure 8-15 Coordinate transformation of a position

$AA_MEAS_POINT1[axis] Position to be transformed
$AC_MEAS_P1:COORD Default is 0: WCS, 1: BCS, 2: MCS *
$AC_MEAS_P2_COORD Target coordinate system *
$AC_MEAS_TOOL_MASK 0x20; Length of the active tool is included in the coordinate trans‐
formation of a position *
$AC_MEAS_CHSFR System frames from data management *
$AC_MEAS_NCBFR Global basic frames from the data management *
$AC_MEAS_CHBFR Channel basic frames from the data management *
$AC_MEAS_UIFR Settable frame from data management *
$AC_MEAS_PFRAME 1: Programmable frame is not included in calculation *
$AC_MEAS_TYPE 24
* optional

$AC_MEAS_POINT2[axis] Converted axis positions
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
Example
WCS coordinate transformation of a measured position

DEF INT RETVAL
DEF INT LAUF
DEF REAL_CORMW_xx, _CORMW_yy, _CORMW_zz
$TC_DP1[1,1]=120 ; Tool type end mill

$TC_DP2[1,1]=20
$TC_DP4[1,1]=0 ; (y) length compensation vector
$TC_DP5[1,1]=0 ; (x) length compensation vector
G17 ; Oblique plane G17
_xx=$P_AXN1 _yy=$P_AXN2 _zz=$P_AXN3 ; Define axes according to the plane
; Entire frame results in CTRANS(_xx,

10,_yy,-1,_zz,5,A,6,B,7)
$P_CHBFR[0]=CTRANS(_zz,5,A,6) : CROT(_zz,45)
$P_UIFR[1]=CTRANS( )
$P_UIFR[1,_xx,TR]=-SIN(45)
$P_UIFR[1,_yy,TR]=-SIN(45)
$P_UIFR[2]=CTRANS( )
$P_PFRAME=CROT(_zz,-45)
$P_CYCFR=CTRANS(_xx,10,B,7)

G0 X0 Y0 Z0 A0 B0 F1000

$AC_MEAS_TYPE = 24 ; Set measurement type for coordinate trans-
formation

$AA_MEAS_POINT1[_xx] = $AA_IW[_xx] ; Assign measurement value to abscissa
$AA_MEAS_POINT1[_yy] = $AA_IW[_yy] ; Assign measurement value to ordinate
$AA_MEAS_POINT1[_zz] = $AA_IW[_zz] ; Assign measurement value to applicate
$AA_MEAS_POINT1[A] = $AA_IW[A]
$AA_MEAS_POINT1[B] = $AA_IW[B]
$AC_MEAS_P1_COORD=0 ; Converting a position from WCS into WCS'
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement

$AC_MEAS_P2_COORD=0
; Set WCS
; Entire frame results in CTRANS(_xx,0,_yy,
0,_zz,5,A,6,B,0)
; Stop cycle frame
$AC_MEAS_CHSER=$MC_MM_SYSTEM_FRAME_MASK B_AND 'B1011111'
$AC_MEAS__NCBFR='B0' ; Stop global basic frame
$AC_MEAS__CHBFR='B1' ; Channel basic frame 1 from data management
$AC_MEAS__UIFR=2 ; Settable frame G55 from data management
$AA_MEAS_PFRAME=1 ; Do not include programmable frame in cal-
culation

if RETVAL <> 0
endif
if $AA_MEAS_PIONT2[_xx] <> 10
setal(61000)
M0
stopre
endif
if $AA_MEAS_PIONT2[_yy] <> -1
setal(61000)
M0
stopre
if $AA_MEAS_PIONT2[_zz] <> 0
setal(61000)
M0
stopre
if $AA_MEAS_PIONT2[A] <> 0
setal(61000)
M0
stopre
if $AA_MEAS_PIONT2[B] <> 7
setal(61000)
M0
stopre
m30
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
8.5.3.13 Measurement of a rectangle (measurement type 25)
Measuring points for determining a rectangle ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 25)

To determine a rectangle, tool dimensions are required in the following working planes.
● G17 working plane x/y infeed direction z
● G18 working plane z/x infeed direction y
● G19 working plane y/z infeed direction x
Four measuring points are required per rectangle.
Measuring points can be specified in any desired order. The measuring points with the largest
ordinate distance correspond to points P3 and P4.
* * *
\ [ ]
3 3 3
3 3 3
3 3 3
3 [ 3 ] 3 \
Figure 8-16 Determining a rectangle with infeed into the working plane G17, G18 and G19

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[axis] Setpoint position of web center *
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement

$AC_MEAS_INPUT[0] Without specification of outer corner *
=0: Measurement for outer corner
=1: Measurement for inner corner
$AC_MEAS_TYPE 25
* optional

$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[3] Width of rectangle P1/P2
$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[4] Length of rectangle P3/P4
8.5.3.14 Measurement for saving data management frames (measurement type 26)
Saving data management frames ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 26)

This measurement type offers the option of saving some or all data management frames with
their current value assignments to a file. The measurement can be initiated by executing a
command or via the part program. The function can also be activated from different channels.
The files are set up in directory _N_SYF_DIR.
A Restore operation deletes the backed-up data and a new Save operation overwrites the
existing back-up. The data last saved can then be deleted with
● $AC_MEAS_CHSFR = 0 system frames;
● $AC_MEAS_NCBFR = 0 global basic frames;
● $AC_MEAS_CHBFR = 0 channel basic frames;
● $AC_MEAS_UIFR = 0 number of settable frames
from the data management system using a second Save operation.
Note
If you decide to create a backup of all data management frames, remember that 1 KB of
memory is needed to save each frame. If insufficient memory is available, the process is
aborted with error message MEAS_NO_MEMORY. The following machine data item can be
used to change the size of the static memory:
MD18351 $MM_DRAM_FILE_MEM_SIZE
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement

$AC_MEAS_CHSFR Bit mask system frames from data management. *
If this variable is not written, all system frames are backed up.
$AC_MEAS_NCBFR Bit mask of global basic frames from the data management. *
If this variable is not written, all global basic frames are backed
up.
$AC_MEAS_CHBFR Bit mask of channel basic frames from the data management. *
If this variable is not written, all channel basic frames are backed
up.
$AC_MEAS_UIFR Number of settable frames from data management. *
0..100: 1: G500 2: G500, G54.
If this variable is not written, all settable frames are backed up.
$AC_MEAS_TYPE 26
* optional
8.5.3.15 Measurement for restoring backed-up data management frames (measurement type 27)
Restoring data management frames last backed up ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 27)

This measurement type allows data management frames backed up by measurement type 26
to be restored to the SRAM.
It is possible to restore either some or all of the frames last backed up. If a frame that has not
been backed up is selected, the selection is ignored. The process is not aborted.

$AC_MEAS_CHSFR Bit mask system frames from data management. *
If this variable is not written, all system frames are restored.
$AC_MEAS_NCBFR Bit mask of global basic frames from the data management. *
If this variable is not written, all global basic frames are restored.
$AC_MEAS_CHBFR Bit mask of channel basic frames from the data management. *
If this variable is not written, all channel basic frames are re‐
stored.
$AC_MEAS_UIFR Number of settable frames from data management. *
Range of 1: G54 to G99: G599.
If this variable is not written, all settable frames are restored.
$AC_MEAS_TYPE 27
* optional
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
8.5.3.16 Measurement for defining an additive rotation for taper turning (measurement type 28)
Additive rotation of the plane for taper turning ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 28)

Measuring type 28 can be used to specify an additive rotation through an angle in the range
of α = +/- 90° of the active or a certain plane. The rotation takes place on the coordinate axis
at right angles to the plane.
\ [ ]
\
[
]
* * *
[
]
\
˞ ˞ ˞
[ ] \
Figure 8-17 Rotation of the planes G17, G18 and G19 by angle α = +30°
Application
With taper turning, the active plane is rotated by the taper angle, whereby the rotation is written
in the active cycle frame. With RESET, the cycle frame is deleted. Re-activation may be
necessary. The selection of the cycle frame is made depending on the SZS position display.
If after activation of the rotation, e.g. with active plane G18, traversing is performed in the
direction of z', the actual positions of the corresponding axes change simultaneously for x and
z
Rotations with active planes G17 and G19 behave similarly and are displayed in the above
figure. The values of the following variables are evaluated for measurement type 28:

$AC_MEAS_WP_SETANGLE Setpoint angle
$AC_MEAS_ACT_PLANE Rotation is through the active plane unless otherwise specified *
$AC_MEAS_INPUT[0] 1: Taper turning is active. *
$AC_MEAS_TYPE 28
* optional

$AC_MEAS_FRAME Result with rotation
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
8.5.4 Tool measuring

The control calculates the distance between the tool tip and the tool carrier reference point T
from the tool length specified by the user.
The following measurement types can be used to measure a tool loaded on a turning or milling
machine:
Measurement types Tool measuring

$AC_MEAS_TYPE = 10 Tool lengths on a reference part that has already been measured
$AC_MEAS_TYPE = 11 Tool diameter on a reference part that has already been measured
$AC_MEAS_TYPE = 22 Tool diameters on machines with zoom-in function (ShopTurn)
$AC_MEAS_TYPE = 23 Tool lengths with stored or current positions (ShopTurn)
Measurement of a tool length of two tools with the following orientation:
Two turning tools with:
Their own reference point each for tool orientation in the approach direction.
One reference point for tool position that is opposite to the approach direc‐
tion and tool orientation.
Two milling tools with:
Their own reference point each for tool orientation in -y.
One reference point for tool position in -y and a tool position opposite to the
approach direction.
Two milling tools rotated 90 degrees with:
Their own reference point each for tool orientation in the approach direction.
One reference point for a tool position that is opposite to the approach
direction and tool orientation.
8.5.5 Types of workpiece measurement
8.5.5.1 Measurement of tool lengths (measurement type 10)
Tool length measurement on a reference part that has already been measured ($AC_MEAS_TYPE =
10)
The tool length can be measured on a previously measured reference part.
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
The plane selection depends on the position of the tool:

● G17 for tool position in the z direction
● G18 for tool position in the y direction
● G19 for tool position in the x direction
* * *
] \ [
] \ [
] \ [
[ ] \
] \ [
Figure 8-18 Tool length measurement for the selected plane G17, G18 and G19

$AC_MEAS_P1_COORD Coordinate system of the measuring point *
$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[axis] Set position z0
$AC_MEAS_SET_COORD Coordinate system of setpoint *
$AC_MEAS_TYPE 10
* optional

$AC_MEAS_TOOL_LENGTH Tool length
$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[0] Tool length in x
$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[1] Tool length in y
$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[2] Tool length in z
$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[3] Tool length L1
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement

Example
Measuring the tool length

DEF INT RETVAL
T0 D0
g0 x0 y0 z0 f10000
; Measure tool length
g1 z10 ; Move tool towards reference part
$AC_MEAS_LATCH[0] = 1 ; Pick up measuring point 1

$AC_MEAS_DIR_APPROACH = 5 ; Set approach direction -z
$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[x] = 0 ; Set reference position
$AC_MEAS_T_NUMBER = 0 ; No tool has been selected
$AC_MEAS_TYPE = 10 ; Set measuring type on tool length
RETVAL = MEASURE() , Start measuring process

if RETVAL <> 0 setal(61000 + RETVAL)
endif
if $AC_MEAS_TOOL_LENGTH <> 10 ; Query known tool length
setal(61000 + $AC_MEAS_TOOL_LENGTH)
endif
m30
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
8.5.5.2 Measurement of tool diameter (measurement type 11)
Tool diameter measurement on a reference part ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 11)

The tool diameter can be measured on a reference part that has already been measured.
Depending on the position of the tool, it is possible to select plane G17 for tool position in the
z direction, G18 for tool position in the y direction and G19 for tool position in the x direction.
] ]
* *
[ [ \ \
[ [ \ [
\ \
* *
[ [ ] ]
[ [ ] ]
[ [
* *
\ \ ] ]
\ \ ] ]
Figure 8-19 Tool diameter for selected planes G17, G18 and G19

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[axis] Set position x0
$AC_MEAS_TYPE 11
* optional

$AC_MEAS_TOOL_DIAMETER Tool diameter
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
8.5.5.3 Measurement of tool lengths with zoom-in function (measurement type 22)
Tool length with zoom-in function

Tool length measurement with zoom-in function ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 22)
If a zoom-in function is available on the machine, it can be used to determine the tool
dimensions.
[ [
] ]
Figure 8-20 Measurement of tool lengths with zoom-in function
Input variable Description

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[axis] Zoom positions x and z must be specified
$AC_MEAS_TYPE 22
* optional
Output variable Description

$AC_MEAS_RESULT[0] Tool length in x
$AC_MEAS_RESULT[1] Tool length in y
$AC_MEAS_RESULT[2] Tool length in z
$AC_MEAS_RESULT[3] Tool length L1
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
8.5.5.4 Measuring a tool length with stored or current position (measurement type 23)
Tool length with stored / current position

Tool length measurement with stored or current position ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 23)
In the case of manual measurement, the tool dimensions can be determined in the X and Z
directions. From the known position of the
● Tool carrier reference point and the
● Workpiece dimensions
ShopTurn calculates the tool offset data.
[ [
[
] ]
]
Figure 8-21 Measurement of a tool length with a stored or actual position
The values of the following input variables are evaluated for measurement type 23:
Input variable Description

$AA_MEAS_POINT1[axis] Current or marked position
$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[axis] Setpoint position (minimum one geo axis must be specified)
$AC_MEAS_TOOL_MASK Tool position, radius *
$AC_MEAS_DIR_APPROACH Approach direction *
$AC_MEAS_INPUT[0] = 1 the calculated tool lengths are written to the data management *
$AC_MEAS_TYPE 23
* optional
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
Output variable Description

$AC_MEAS_RESULT[0] Tool length in x
$AC_MEAS_RESULT[1] Tool length in y
$AC_MEAS_RESULT[2] Tool length in z
8.5.5.5 Measurement of a tool length of two tools with the following orientation:
Tool orientation
For tools whose orientation points to the toolholder shows must be set in the system variables
$AC_MEAS_TOOL_MASK, bit 9 = 1 (0x200). The calculated tool lengths are then included
negatively.
Two turning tools each with their own reference point with a tool orientation in the approach direction
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Settings in the system data:
Left-hand tool: Approach direction and tool orientation +x

$AC_MEAS_TOOL_MASK = 0x2 Tool position in x direction (G19)
$AC_MEAS_DIR_APPROACH = 0 Approach direction +x
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
Right-hand tool: Approach direction and tool orientation -x

$AC_MEAS_TOOL_MASK = 0x40 Tool position in the -x direction
$AC_MEAS_DIR_APPROACH = 1 Approach direction -x
For both tools

$AC_MEAS_Px_COORD = 1 Coordinate system of x-th measuring point = BCS
$AC_MEAS_SET_COORD = 1 Coordinate system of the setpoint = BCS
Two turning tools each with their own reference point with a tool counter-orientation in the approach
direction
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$AC_MEAS_TOOL_MASK = 0x2 + 0x200 Tool position in x direction (G19) +
Tool length differential values are included nega‐
tively

Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
For both tools

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$AC_MEAS_TOOL_MASK = 0x40 + 0x200 Tool position in x direction +
Tool length differential values are included nega‐
tively
For both tools

Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
Two milling tools each with their own reference point, tool orientation perpendicular to the approach
direction
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Left-hand tool: Approach direction +x and tool orientation -y

$AC_MEAS_TOOL_MASK = 0x80 Tool position in -y direction
Right-hand tool: Approach direction -x and tool orientation -y

For both tools

Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
Two milling tools each with a reference point, tool orientation perpendicular to the approach direction
Two milling tools with one reference point with a tool orientation in -y
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In the present layout, the tool position $AC_MEAS_TOOL_MASK and approach direction to
the workpiece $AC_MEAS_DIR_APPROACH must be set as follows:

$AC_MEAS_TOOL_MASK = 0x80 + 0x200 Tool position in -y direction + tool length differential
values are included negatively

For both tools

Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
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$AC_MEAS_TOOL_MASK = 0x80 + 0x200 Tool position in -y direction + tool length differential
For both tools

Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
Two milling tools each with their own reference point with tool counter-orientation in the approach
direction
Two milling tools each with their own reference point with a tool orientation in the approach
direction
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For both tools

Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
Two milling tools each with a reference point with tool counter-orientation in the approach direction
Two milling tools with one reference point with a tool position opposite to the orientation
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$AC_MEAS_TOOL_MASK = 0x2 + 0x200 Tool position in x direction (G19) + tool length dif‐
ferential values are included negatively

For both tools

Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
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$AC_MEAS_TOOL_MASK = 0x40 + 0x200 Tool position in -x direction + tool length differential
For both tools

Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
Different tools in the WCS
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Figure 8-22 Two turning tools each with their own reference point

$AC_MEAS_TOOL_MASK = 0x0 All tool lengths are considered
(default setting)

$AC_MEAS_TOOL_MASK = 0x0 All tool lengths are considered
(default setting)
For both tools

$AC_MEAS_Px_COORD = 0 Coordinate system of x-th measuring point =
WCS (default setting)
$AC_MEAS_SET_COORD = 0 Coordinate system of the setpoint =
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
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Figure 8-23 Two milling tools each with its own reference point


For both tools

Extended Functions
M5: Measurement

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Figure 8-24 Two milling tools rotated at 90 degrees each with their own reference point


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Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
8.6 Measurement accuracy and functional testing
8.6 Measurement accuracy and functional testing
8.6.1 Measurement accuracy

The measuring accuracy is affected by the following parameters:
● Delay time of the measuring signal (TDelay)
● Traversal speed during the measurement (vM)
Delay time compensation of the measuring signal (TDelay)

The delay time of the measuring signal, i.e. the time from the initiation of the probe until the
saving of the measured value in the control depends on the response time of the probe and
the signal runtime of the control hardware. The control compensates for the delay time during
the measurement. This requires that the delay time is determined and entered in the following
machine data:
MD13220 $MN_MEAS_PROBE_DELAY_TIME = <determined delay time>
Note
Maximum compensated delay time TMaxDelay
TMaxDelay = 15 * position controller or DP cycle
The compensation of a delay time > TMaxDelay is not sensible from the control viewpoint. This
means larger values are limited to TMaxDelay.
Maximum traversal speed during the measurement (vM)

The maximum permitted traversal speed for a measurement depends on the number of
programmed measuring edges and the parameterized position-controller or DP cycle.
To receive correct results, the traversal speed during the measurement must be chosen so
that the following conditions are satisfied every two position-controller or DP cycles:
● Maximum one identical trigger signal, i.e. one positive or one negative edge of one probe
● Maximum four different identical trigger signals, i.e. one positive and one negative edge of
two probes
8.6.2 Probe function test
Example of function test
Table 8-8
%_N_PRUEF_MESSTASTER_MPF
;$PATH=/_N_MPF_DIR
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
8.7 Simulated measuring

;Testing program probe connection
N05 DEF INT MTSIGNAL ;Flag for trigger status
N10 DEF INT ME_NR=1 ; measurement input number
N20 DEF REAL MESSWERT_IN_X
N30 G17 T1 D1 ; tool compensation for
; preselect probe
N40 _ANF: G0 G90 X0 F150 ; Starting position and
; measuring velocity
N50 MEAS=ME_NR G1 X100 ; measurement at measurement input =1
; in the X axis
N60 STOPRE
N70 MTSIGNAL=$AC_MEA[1] ; read software switching signal
; at 1st measurement input
N80 IF MTSIGNAL == 0 GOTOF _FEHL1 ; evaluation of signal
N90 MESSWERT_IN_X=$AA_MW[X] ; Read in measured value of
; workpiece coordinates
N95 M0
N100 M02
N110 _FEHL1: MSG ("Probe not switching!")
N120 M0
N130 M02
8.7.1 General functionality
Brief description
To make measurements at real machines, probes must be connected which supply switching
signals at certain positions. Probes are not used when making measurements in simulated
environments - the switching positions are specified in a different way.
Simulated measuring supports two ways of entering switching positions:
● Position-related switch request: The switching position is derived from the axial end position
programmed in the measuring block.
● External switching request: The switching position is defined by controlling a digital output.
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
Preconditions
For simulated measuring, all of the machine axes in the system must be parameterized as
simulated axes:
● MD30130 $MA_CTRLOUT_TYPE[axis] = 0 (simulated setpoint)
● MD30240 $MA_ENC_TYPE[axis] = 0 (simulated encoder)
8.7.2 Position-related switch request
Function
"Position-related switch request" is selected using the following NCK-specific machine data:
● MD13230 $MN_MEAS_PROBE_SOURCE = 0
● MD13231 $MN_MEAS_PROBE_OFFSET = <position offset>
The axial switching position is calculated from the axial end position programmed in the
measuring block and the parameterized position offset:
Switching position[axis] = End position[axis] - position offset
During the measuring block, it is cyclically checked as to whether the switching position of the
axis is reached:
Setpoint position[axis] ≥ switching position[axis]
When the switching position is reached, the rising edge of the switching signal is generated
for probes 1 and 2. One position controller cycle later, the following edges.
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Figure 8-25 Position-dependent switch request
The measured value is the actual value of the axis at the instant in time that the switching
signal programmed in the measuring block occurs (rising / falling edge).
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
If several axes are programmed in a measuring block, then a dedicated switching position is
obtained for each axis by the position offset that is axially taken into consideration. The probe
signal is generated at the first axial switching position that is reached.
Note
Probe signals
The probe signals are always simultaneously generated for probes 1 and 2.
Negative offset values
The switching position is shifted behind the end position by entering a negative value for the
position offset. In this case, no probe signals are generated.
Examples
The position offset is set to 0.1 mm: MD13231 $MN_MEAS_PROBE_OFFSET = 0.1
Example 1: Channel-specific measuring in 2 axes

N10 G01 G90
N20 MEAS=1 X100 Y10 F100 ; rising edge, probe 1
; Switching position[X] = 99.9
; Switching position[Y] = 9.9
Example 2: Axial measuring using synchronized action

N10 G01 G90
N15 WHEN TRUE DO MEASA[X]=(1,1) ; rising edge, probe 1
N20 X10 F100 ; Switching position[X] = 9.9
8.7.3 External switch request
Function
The "external switching request" is selected using the NCK specific machine data by entering
the number (1...8) of the digital output being used:
● MD13230 $MN_MEAS_PROBE_SOURCE = <number of the digital output>
The probe signal is triggered by controlling the configured digital output. It is not necessary to
hard-wire the digital output to a measuring input.
The rising edge of the switching signal for probes 1 and 2 is generated by setting the digital
output. The falling edges are generated by resetting the digital output.
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
The measured value is the actual value of the axis at the instant in time that the switching
signal programmed in the measuring block occurs (rising / falling edge).
Digital output: Configuration

The following machine data must be set to be able to use digital outputs for simulated
measuring:
● MD10360 $MN_FASTIO_DIG_NUM_OUTPUTS = 1 (number of active digital NCK output
bytes)
● MD13120 $MN_CONTROL_UNIT_LOGIC_ADDRESS = 0 (logical address, SINAMICS-
CU)
Digital output: Setting

The configured digital output can be set in a synchronized action:
WHEN <condition> DO $A_OUT[<number of digital output>] = 1
Examples
Digital output used: MD13230 $MN_MEAS_PROBE_SOURCE = 1
Example 1: Channel-specific measuring in 2 axes

N10 G01 G90 $A_OUT[1]=0 ; Preset digital output 1
N15 WHEN $AC_DETW<=10 DO $A_OUT[1]=1 ; Path residual distance <= 10 => Dig. output 1 = 1
N20 MEAS=1 X100 Y10 F100 ; rising edge, probe 1
Example 2: Axial measurement

N10 G01 G90 $A_OUT[1]=0 ; Preset digital output 1
N15 WHEN $AA_IW[X]>=80 DO $A_OUT[1]=1 ; Axial setpoint >= 80 => Dig. output 1 = 1
N20 MEASA[X]=(1,1) X100 F100 ; rising edge, probe 1

For simulated measuring, the following system variables have the same functionality as for
real measuring:
● $AC_MEA (probe has responded)
● $AA_MEAACT (axial measuring active)
● $AA_MM (acquired probe position (MCS))
● $AA_MM1...4 (probe position 1st – 4th trigger (MCS))
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
8.8 Channels - only 840D sl
● $AA_MW (acquired probe position (WCS))

● $AA_MW1...4 (probe position 1st trigger (WCS))
The following system variable does not supply sensible values:
● $A_PROBE (probe state)
8.8.1 Measuring mode 1

● One-time measurement
● One probe
● Trigger signals are the rising and falling edges
Measurement with one encoder - actual value for the current encoder
Program code
N2 MEASA[X] = (1, 1, -1) G01 X100 F100
N3 STOPRE
N4 IF $AC_MEA[1]==FALSE gotof ENDE
N5 R10=$AA_MM1[X]
N6 R11=$AA_MM2[X]
N7 END
Measurement with two encoders - actual values for two encoders

Program code
N2 MEASA[X] = (31, 1, -1) G01 X100 F100
N3 STOPRE
N5 R10=$AA_MM1[X]
N6 R11=$AA_MM2[X]
N7 R12=$AA_MM3[X]
N8 R13=$AA_MM4[X]
N9 END
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
8.8.2 Measuring mode 2

● Two probes
● Trigger signals are the rising and falling edges
● Actual value from the current encoder
Program code
N2 MEASA[X] = (2, 1, -1, 2, -2) G01 X100 F100
N3 STOPRE
N4 IF $AC_MEA[1]==FALSE gotof MESSTASTER2
N5 R10=$AA_MM1[X]
N6 R11=$AA_MM2[X]
N7 PROBE2
N9 R12=$AA_MM3[X]
N10 R13=$AA_MM4[X]
N11 END:
8.8.3 Continuous measurement

● The measurement is done in measuring mode 1:
● Measurement with 100 values
● One probe
● Trigger signal is the falling edge
● Actual value from the current encoder
Continuous measurement on completion of programmed traversing movement

N1 DEF REAL MESSWERT[100]
N2 DEF INT INDEX=0
N3 MEAC[x]=(1, 1, -1) G01 X1000 F100
N4 MEAC[X]=(0) ; Abort
N5 R1=$AC_FIFO1[4] ;Number of measured values
N6 FOR INDEX=0 TO R1
N7 MESSWERT[INDEX]=$AC_FIFO1[0] ; Read out measured values
N8 ENDFOR:
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
Continuous measurement with deletion of distance-to-go

Delete distance-to-go after last measurement.

N1 DEF INT ANZAHL=100
N2 DEF REAL MESSWERT[ANZAHL]
N3 DEF INT INDEX=0
N4 WHEN $AC_FIFO1[4]==ANZAHL DO DELDTG (X) MEAC[X] =(0)
N5 MEAC[X]=(1, 1, -1) G01 X1000 F100 ; Start measurement
N6 R1=$AC_FIFO1[4] ;Number of measured
values
N8 MESSWERT[INDEX]=$AC_FIFO1[0] ; Read out measured
values
N9 ENDFOR:
Continuous modal measurement over several blocks

N1 DEF INT ANZAHL=100
N2 DEF REAL MESSWERT[ANZAHL]
N3 DEF INT INDEX=0
N4 ID=1 MEAC[X]=(1, 1, -1) ; Start measurement
N5 ID=2 WHEN $AC_FIFO1[4]==ANZAHL DO MEAC[X]=(0) CAN-
CEL(2)
N6 G01 X1000 Y100
N7 X100 Y100
N8 R1=$AC_FIFO1[4] ;Number of measured
values
N10 MESSWERT[INDEX]=$AC_FIFO1[0] ; Read out measured
values
N11 ENDFOR:
8.8.4 Functional test and repeat accuracy
Function test
%_N_PRUEF_MESSTASTER_MPF
;$PATH=/_N_MPF_DIR
;Testing program probe connection
N05 DEF INT MTSIGNAL ;Flag for trigger status
N10 DEF INT ME_NR=1 ; measurement input number
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement

N20 DEF REAL MESSWERT_IN_X
N30 G17 T1 D1 ; tool compensation for
; preselect probe
N40 _ANF: G0 G90 X0 F150 ; Starting position and
; measuring velocity
N50 MEAS=ME_NR G1 X100 ; measurement at measurement input =1
; in the X axis
N60 STOPRE
N70 MTSIGNAL=$AC_MEA[1] ; read software switching signal
; at 1st measurement input
N80 IF MTSIGNAL == 0 GOTOF _FEHL1 ; evaluation of signal
N90 MESSWERT_IN_X=$AA_MW[X] ; Read in measured value of
; workpiece coordinates
N95 M0
N100 M02
N110 _FEHL1: MSG ("Probe not switching!")
N120 M0
N130 M02
Repeat accuracy
This program allows the measuring scatter (repeat accuracy) of the entire measuring system
(machine-probe-signal transmission to NC) to be calculated.
In the example, ten measurements are taken in the X axis and the measured value recorded
in the workpiece coordinates.
It is therefore possible to determine the random dimensional deviations which are not subject
to any trend.

%_N_PRUEF_GENAU_MPF;
$PATH=/_N_MPF_DIR
N05 DEF INT SIGNAL, II ; Variable definition
N10 DEF REAL MESSWERT_IN_X[10]
N15 G17 T1 D1 ; Initial conditions,
: Tool compensation
; preselect for probe
N20 _ANF: G0 X0 F150 ← ; Prepositioning in the measured axis
N25 MEAS=+1 G1 X100 ← ; at 1st measurement input when
; switching signal not deflected,
; deflected in the X axis
N30 STOPRE ← ; Stop decoding for this after
; subsequent evaluation of
; results
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
8.9 Data lists

N35 SIGNAL= $AC_MEA[1] ; read software switching signal at
; 1. Read measuring input
N37 IF SIGNAL == 0 GOTOF_FEHL1 ; Check switching signal
N40 MESSWERT_IN_X[II]=$AA_MW[X] ; Read measured value in workpiece coordi-
nates
N50 II=II+1
N60 IF II<10 GOTOB_ANF ; Repeat 10 times
N65 M0
N70 M02
N80 _FEHL1: MSG ("Probe not switching")
N90 M0
N95 M02
After the parameter display (user-defined variables) has been selected, the measurement
results can be read in field MEASVALUE_IN_X[10] provided that the program is still being
processed.
8.9 Data lists
8.9.1 Machine data
Number Identifier: $MN_ Meaning

13200 MEAS_PROBE_LOW_ACTIVE Switching characteristics of probe
13201 MEAS_PROBE_SOURCE Measuring pulse simulation via digital output
13210 MEAS_TYPE Type of measurement for PROFIBUS DP drives
13211 MEAS_CENTRAL_SOURCE Central measuring data source with PROFIBUS DP
drives
Number Identifier: $MC_ Meaning

20360 TOOL_PARAMETER_DEF_MASK Definition of tool parameters
28264 LEN_AC_FIFO Length of $AC_FIFO ... FIFO variables
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
8.9 Data lists
Table of all the input values
Identifier Meaning
$AC_FIFO1…10 FIFO variable 1 to 10
$AC_MEAS_SEMA Interface assignment
$AC_MEAS_VALID Validity bits for input values
$AA_MEAS_POINT1 1. Measuring point for all channel axes
$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT Setpoint position for all channel axes
$AA_MEAS_SETANGLE Setpoint angle for all channel axes
$AC_MEAS_P1_COORD Coord. system for the 1st measuring point
$AC_MEAS_P2_COORD Coord. system for the 2nd measuring point
$AC_MEAS_P3_COORD Coord. system for the 3rd measuring point
$AC_MEAS_P4_COORD Coord. system for the 4th measuring point
$AC_MEAS_SET_COORD Coordinate system of the setpoint
$AC_MEAS_LATCH[0...3] Pick up measuring points in the WCS
$AA_MEAS_P1_VALID 1. Pick up measuring point in the WCS
$AA_MEAS_SP_VALID Set setpoint position of axis as valid
$AC_MEAS_WP_SETANGLE Setpoint workpiece position angle
$AC_MEAS_CORNER_SETANGLE Setpoint cutting angle of corner
$AC_MEAS_DIR_APPROACH Approach direction
$AC_MEAS_ACT_PLANE Working plane for the workpiece
$AC_MEAS_SCALEUNIT Unit of measurement INCH / METRIC
$AC_MEAS_FINE_TRANS Corrections in fine displacement
$AC_MEAS_FRAME_SELECT Frame selection for the workpiece measurement
$AC_MEAS_CHSFR Frame chain setting: System frames
$AC_MEAS_NCBFR Frame chain setting: Global basic frames
$AC_MEAS_CHBFR Frame chain setting: Channel basic frames
$AC_MEAS_UIFR Frame chain setting: Settable frames
$AC_MEAS_PFRAME Frame chain setting: Program frame
$AC_MEAS_T_NUMBER Tool selection
$AC_MEAS_D_NUMBER Cutting edge selection
$AC_MEAS_TOOL_MASK Tool settings
$AC_MEAS_TYPE Measuring type
$AC_MEAS_INPUT Measurement input parameters
Extended Functions
M5: Measurement
8.9 Data lists
Table of all the output values
Identifier Meaning
$A_PROBE[1,2] Probe status
$A_PROBE_LIMITED[1,2] Measuring velocity exceeded
$AC_MEA[1,2] Probe has responded
$AA_MM Acquired probe position (MCS)
$AA_MM1...4 Probe position 1st to 4th trigger event (MCS)
$AA_MW Acquired probe position (WCS)
$AA_MW1...4 Probe position 1st to 4th trigger event (WCS)
$AC_MEAS_FRAME Result frame
$AC_MEAS_CORNER_ANGLE Calculated angle of intersection
$AC_MEAS_DIAMETER Calculated diameter
$AC_MEAS_TOOL_LENGTH Calculated tool length
$AC_MEAS_RESULTS Measurement results (depending on measurement type)
Extended Functions
N3: Software cams, position switching cycles - only
840D sl 9
9.1 Brief Description
Function
The "Software cams" function generates position-dependent switching signals for axes that
supply an actual position value (machine axes) and for simulated axes.
These cam signals can be output to the PLC and also to the NCK I/Os.
The cam positions at which signal outputs are set can be defined and altered via setting data.
The setting data can be read and written via HMI, PLC and part program.
Activation
The "Software cams" function can be activated and used in all operating modes. The function
remains active in the event of reset or Emergency Stop.
Field of application
Output cam signals can be used, for example:
● To activate protection zones
● To initiate additional movements as a function of position
● As reversing signals for hydraulically controlled oscillation axes
Axis types
Software cams can be used on linear and modulo rotary axes that are defined as machine
axes.
Cam range/cam pair

Cams are always assigned in pairs to axes. A pair consists of a plus and a minus cam. 32 cam
pairs are available.
The plus and minus cams each simulate a mechanical cam which is actuated at a defined
point (cam position) in a specific approach direction when the axis reaches the cam position.
Cam ranges are assigned to the plus and minus cams as follows:
● Cam range plus: All positions ≥ plus cam

● Cam range minus: All positions ≤ minus cam
Extended Functions
N3: Software cams, position switching cycles - only 840D sl
9.2 Cam signals and cam positions
9.2.1 Generation of cam signals for separate output

Separate output of the plus and minus cam signals makes it easy to detect whether the axis
is within or outside the plus or minus cam range.
Extended Functions
Linear axes
The switching edges of the cam signals are generated as a function of the axis traversing
direction:
● The minus cam signal switches from 1 to 0 when the axis traverses the minus cam in the
positive axis direction.
● The plus cam signal switches from 0 to 1 when the axis traverses the plus cam in the positive
direction.
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Figure 9-1 Software cams for linear axis (minus cam < plus cam)
Note
If the axis is positioned exactly at the output cam position (plus or minus), the defined output
flickers. If the axis moves one increment further, the output becomes a definite zero or one.
Flickering of the actual position causes the signals to flicker in this manner.
The actual position is evaluated.
Extended Functions
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Figure 9-2 Software cams for linear axis (plus cam < minus cam)
Extended Functions
Modulo rotary axes

The switching edges of the cam signals are generated as a function of the rotary axis traversing
direction:
● The plus cam signal switches from 0 to 1 when the axis traverses the minus cam in a positive
axis direction and from 1 back to 0 when it traverses the plus cam.
● The minus cam signal changes level in response to every positive edge of the plus cam
signal.
Note
The described response of the plus cam applies on conditionthat:
plus cam - minus cam < 180 degrees
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Figure 9-3 Software cams for modulo rotary axis (plus cam - minus cam < 180 degrees)
The signal change of the minus cam makes it possible to detect traversal of the cam even if
the cam range is set so small that the PLC cannot detect it reliably.
Both cam signals can be output to the PLC and to the NCK I/Os. Separate output of the plus
and minus cam signals makes it easy to detect whether the axis is within or outside the plus
or minus cam range.
If this condition (plus cam - minus cam < 180 degrees) is not fulfilled or if the minus cam is set
to a greater value than the plus cam, then the response of the plus cam signal is inverted. The
response of the minus cam signal remains unchanged.
Extended Functions
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Figure 9-4 Software cams for modulo rotary axis (plus cam - minus cam > 180 degrees)
9.2.2 Generation of cam signals with gated output

The plus and minus cam output signals are gated in the case of:
● timer-controlled cam signal output to the four onboard outputs on the NCU
● Output to the NCK I/O, if the 2nd byte in the following machine data was not specified (=
"0"):
MD10470 SW_CAM_ASSIGN_FASTOUT_2
...
MD10473 SW_CAM_ASSIGN_FASTOUT_4
Extended Functions
Linear axes
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Figure 9-5 Position switching signals for linear axis (minus cam < plus cam)
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Figure 9-6 Position switching signals for linear axis (plus cam < minus cam)
Extended Functions
Modulo rotary axis

The default signal response for modulo rotary axes is dependent on the cam width:
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Figure 9-7 Software cams for modulo rotary axis (plus cam - minus cam < 180 degrees)
Extended Functions
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Figure 9-8 Software cams for modulo rotary axis (plus cam - minus cam > 180 degrees)
Suppression of signal inversion

With the following setting, selection of signal inversion for
"plus cam - minus cam > 180 degrees" can be suppressed.
MD10485 SW_CAM_MODE bit 1=1
Extended Functions
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Figure 9-9 Software cams for modulo rotary axis (plus cam - minus cam > 180 degrees) and suppression of signal inversion
9.2.3 Cam positions
Setting cam positions

The positions of the plus and minus cams are defined using general setting data:
● SD41500 SW_CAM_MINUS_POS_TAB_1[n] Position of minus cams 1 - 8

● SD41501 SW_CAM_PLUS_POS_TAB_1[n] Position of plus cams 1 – 8
● SD41503 SW_CAM_PLUS_POS_TAB_2[n] Position of plus cams 9 - 16
Extended Functions
Note
Owing to the grouping of cam pairs (eight in each group), it is possible to assign different
access authorization levels (e.g. for machine-related and workpiece-related cam positions).
The positions are entered in the machine coordinate system. No check is made with respect
to the maximum traversing range.
Dimension system metric/inch

With the setting:
MD10260 CONVERT_SCALING_SYSTEM = 1
, the cam positions no longer refer to the configured basic dimension system, but to the
dimension system set in the following machine data:
MD10270 POS_TAB_SCALING_SYSTEM (measuring system of position tables)
Value Meaning
0 Metric
1 inch
MD10270 therefore defines the dimension system for position data from setting data SD41500
… SD41507.
A switchover with G70/G71 or G700/G710 has no effect.
Sensing of cam positions

To set the cam signals, the actual position of the axes is compared to the cam position.
Writing/reading of cam positions

The setting data can be read and written via HMI, PLC and part program.
Accesses from the part program are not synchronous to machining.
Synchronization can only be achieved by means of a programmed block preprocessing stop
(STOPRE command).
It is possible to read and write the cam positions with FB2 and FB3 in the PLC user program.
Axis/cam assignment
A cam pair is assigned to a machine axis using the general machine data:
Extended Functions
MD10450 SW_CAM_ASSIGN_TAB[n] (assignment of software cams to machine axes)
Note
Changes to an axis assignment take effect after the next NCK power-up.
Cam pairs to which no axis is assigned are not active.
A cam pair can only be assigned to one machine axis at a time.
Several cam pairs can be defined for one machine axis.
9.2.4 Lead/delay times (dynamic cam)
Function
To compensate for any delays, it is possible to assign two lead or delay times with additive
action to each minus and plus cam for the cam signal output.
The two lead or delay times are entered in a machine data and a setting data.
Note
The input of negative time values causes a delay in the output of cam signals.
Lead or delay time in machine data

The first lead or delay time is entered in the following general machine data:
● MD10460 SW_CAM_MINUS_LEAD_TIME[n] (lead or delay time at the minus

cams)
● MD10461 SW_CAM_PLUS_LEAD_TIME[n] (lead or delay time at the plus
cams)
For example, the following can be entered into the machine data:
● Constant internal delay times between actual value sensing and cam signal output (e.g. as
determined by an oscilloscope)
● Constant external delay times
Extended Functions
9.3 Output of cam signals
Lead or delay time in setting data

The second lead or delay time is entered into the following general setting data:
● SD41520 SW_CAM_MINUS_TIME_TAB_1[n] (lead or delay time at the minus

cams 1 – 8)
● SD41521 SW_CAM_PLUS_TIME_TAB_1[n] (lead or delay time at the plus cams
1 – 8)
cams 9 – 16)
9 – 16)
cams 17 – 24)
● SD41525 SW_CAM_PLUS_TIME_TAB_3[n] Lead or delay time on plus cams
17 - 24
cams 25 – 32)
25 – 32)
Delay times which may change during machining must, for example, be entered in the setting
data.
9.3.1 Activating
The status of the cam (cam signals) can be output to the PLC as well as to the NCK I/Os.
Activation of cam signal output

The output of cam signals of an axis is activated via the NC/PLC interface signal:
DB31, ... DBX2.0 (cam activation)
Check-back signal to PLC

The successful activation of all cams of an axis is signaled back to the PLC using the following
NC/PLC interface signal:
DB31, ... DBX62.0 (cams active)
Extended Functions
Note
The activation can be linked with other conditions by the PLC user (e.g. axis referenced, reset
active).
9.3.2 Output of cam signals to PLC
Output to PLC
The status of the cam signals for all machine axes with activated software cams is output to
the PLC.
The status is output in the IPO cycle and is transferred to the PLC asynchronously.
Minus cam signals

The status of the minus cam signals is entered into the following NC/PLC interface signals:
DB10 DBX110.0 to 113.7 (minus cam signal 1 to 32)
Plus cam signals

The status of the plus cam signals is entered into the following NC/PLC interface signals:
DB10 DBX114.0 to 117.7 (plus cam signals 1 to 32)
Note
If no measuring system has been selected or NC/PLC interface signal DB31, ... DBX2.0 (cam
activation) is set to 0, then the following NC/PLC interface signals are also set to 0:
● DB10 DBX110.0-113.7 (minus cam signals 1-32)
● DB10 DBX114.0-117.7 (plus cam signals 1-32)
● DB31, ... DBX62.0 (cams active)
9.3.3 Output of cam signals to NCK I/Os in position control cycle
Signal output in position control cycle

For cams assigned to an HW byte via machine data MD10470 to MD10473 (see Section
"Hardware assignment"), the signal is output in the position control cycle.
Extended Functions
The four onboard outputs on the NCU and a total of 32 optional external NCK outputs are
available as the digital outputs of the NCK I/Os (see Section "A4: Digital and analog NC I/O
for SINUMERIK 840D sl (Page 29)").
Hardware assignment
The assignment to the hardware bytes used is made for each eight cam pairs in the following
general machine data:
● MD10470 SW_CAM_ASSIGN_FASTOUT_1 Hardware assignment for output of cams

1 - 8 to NCK I/Os
9 - 16 to NCK I/Os
17 - 24 to NCK I/Os
25 - 32 to NCK I/Os
Note
It is possible to define one HW byte for the output of eight minus cam signals and one HW
byte for the output of eight plus cam signals in each machine data.
In addition, the output of the cam signals can be inverted with the two machine data.
If the 2nd byte is not specified (= "0"), then the 8 cams are output as a logic operation of the
minus and plus cam signals via the 1st HW byte using the 1st inversion screen form.
Status query in the part program

The status of the HW outputs can be read in the part program with main run variable
$A_OUT[n] (n = no. of output bit).
Switching accuracy
Signals are output to the NCK I/Os or onboard outputs in the position control cycle.
As a result of the time scale of the position control cycle, the switching accuracy of the cam
signals is limited as a function of the velocity.
The following applies:
Delta pos = Vact * position control cycle
with: Delta pos = switching accuracy (depending on position control cycle)

Vact = Current axis velocity
Extended Functions
Example:
Vact = 20 m/min, PC cycle = 4 ms Delta pos = 1.33 mm

Vact = 2000 rpm, PC cycle = 2 ms Delta pos = 24 degrees
9.3.4 Timer-controlled cam signal output
Timer-controlled output
A significantly higher degree of accuracy can be achieved by outputting the cam signals
independently of the position control cycle using a timer interrupt.
The following machine data can be used to select the timer-controlled output to the 4 NCU
onboard outputs for 4 cam pairs:
MD10480 SW_CAM_TIMER_FASTOUT_MASK (screen form for the output of cam signals via
timer interrupts on the NCU)
In this case, the minus and plus signals of a cam pair are logically combined for output as one
signal.
Signal generation
Previously, it had to be specified in which way the signals to be logically combined should be
generated. This is realized using bit 1 in machine data:
MD10485 SW_CAM_MODE (behavior of the software cams)
Bit Value Signal generation

1 0 Inversion of the signal behavior of the plus cam when:
plus cam - minus cam ≥ 180 degrees
1 No inversion of the signal behavior of the plus cam when:
Note
This function operates independently of the HW assignment selected in MD10470 ... MD10473.
The onboard byte may not be used a multiple number of times.
Restrictions
The following applies to the mutual position of the cam positions:
Only one timer-controlled output takes place per interpolation cycle.
If signal changes for more than one cam pair are active in the same interpolation cycle, the
output is prioritized:
The cam pair with the lowest number (1...32) determines the output time for all active signals,
i.e. the signal change of the other cam pairs takes place at the same time.
Extended Functions
PLC interface
The NCK image of the onboard outputs and the status of the plus and minus cams is displayed
on the PLC interface.
However, these signals are irrelevant or correspondingly inaccurate for the timer-controlled
cam output version, as described in the following paragraphs. The signals for the plus and
minus cams are generated (once) in synchronism with the interpolator clock cycle and
transmitted together to the PLC.
Pulses shorter than an interpolator clock cycle are therefore not visible in the PLC.
The onboard outputs are set and reset asynchronously to the interpolator clock cycle for each
interrupt. The status of the onboard outputs is detected and transmitted to the PLC in
synchronism with the update time of the PLC interface.
Depending on the current status at the moment the PLC interface is updated, pulses shorter
than one interpolator clock cycle are not visible or are displayed stretched by one or several
IPO cycles.
Further settings
The following bit must be set to "0" if the behavior described here is to be activated:
MD10485 SW_CAM_MODE bit 0 = 0
9.3.5 Independent, timer-controlled output of cam signals
Independent, timer-controlled cam output

Each switching edge is output separately per interrupt due to the timer-controlled, independent
(of interpolator clock cycle) cam output.
The mutual influence of the cam signals is no longer applicable as a result of:
● single output per interpolator clock cycle
● output time determined by highest priority cam pair (lowest cam pair number)
A total of 8 timer-controlled cam outputs per interpolator clock cycle can be configured for
setting/resetting the 4 onboard outputs. The signal states of the plus and minus cams are also
made available as standard on the PLC interface for the timer-controlled variant. However,
these signals are not relevant or are correspondingly inaccurate with a timer-controlled output.
Signal generation
Previously, it had to be specified in which way the signals to be logically combined should be
generated. This is realized using bit 1 in machine data:
Extended Functions
9.4 Position-time cams
MD10485 SW_CAM_MODE (behavior of the software cams)
Bit Value Signal generation

1 0 Inversion of the signal behavior of the plus cam when:
1 No inversion of the signal behavior of the plus cam when:
Settings
Cam pairs are assigned to onboard outputs using machine data:
MD10480 SW_CAM_TIMER_FASTOUT_MASK (screen form for the output of cam signals via
timer interrupts on the NCU)
In addition, this type of processing must be explicitly selected:
MD10485 SW_CAM_MODE bit 0 = 1
Note
This function operates independently of the HW assignment selected in MD10470 … MD10473.
The onboard byte may not be used a multiple number of times.
9.4 Position-time cams
Position-time cams
The term "position-time cam" refers to a pair of software cams that can supply a pulse of a
certain duration at a defined axis position.
Solution
The position is defined by a pair of software cams.
The pulse duration is defined by the lead/delay time of the plus cam.
Machine data can be used to specify that cam pairs with "minus cam position = plus cam
position" should be processed as position-time cams.
Properties of position-time cams

● The pulse duration is independent of the axis velocity and travel direction reversal.
● The pulse duration is independent of changes in the axis position (Preset).
● Activation (rising signal edge) takes place only when the cam position is crossed.
Moving the axis position (e.g. preset) does not trigger activation.
● A lead/delay time is operative for the minus cam and causes a time displacement of the
pulse.
Extended Functions
9.5 Supplementary Conditions
● Activation (ON edge) and pulse duration are independent of the travel direction.
● The cam is not deactivated if the cam position is crossed again when the cam is active
(direction reversal).
● The cam time (pulse width) is not interrupted and the cam time not restarted when the cam
position is crossed again.
This behavior is particularly relevant with respect to modulo axes, i.e. if the cam time is
greater than the modulo range crossing time, the cam is not switched in every revolution.
Settings
The following settings must be made to program a position-time cam:
● Position
The position must be defined by a cam pair with which the minus cam position is equal to
the plus cam position.
This is defined using setting data:
SD41500 SW_CAM_MINUS_POS_TAB_1
...
SD41507 SW_CAM_PLUS_POS_TAB_4.
● Pulse duration
The pulse duration is calculated by adding together the associated entries for the cam pair
in:
MD10461 SW_CAM_PLUS_LEAD_TIME[n]
SD41521 SW_CAM_PLUS_TIME_TAB_1[n]...
SD41527 SW_CAM_PLUS_TIME_TAB_4[n]
● Offset
The time displacement of the position-time cam is calculated by adding together the
associated entries for the cam pair in:
MD10460 SW_CAM_MINUS_LEAD_TIME[n]
SD41520 SW_CAM_MINUS_TIME_TAB_1[n]...
SD41526 SW_CAM_MINUS_TIME_TAB_4[n]
● Mode
MD10485 SW_CAM_MODE
Bit 2 = 1 must be set in the machine data to ensure that all cam pairs with the same values
for minus cam and plus cam positions are treated as position-time cams.
Availability of function "Software cams, position switching signals"

The function is an option ("position-switching signals/cam controller"), which must be assigned
to the hardware through the license management.
Extended Functions
9.6 Data lists
9.6 Data lists
9.6.1 Machine data

10260 CONVERT_SCALING_SYSTEM Basic system switchover active
10270 POS_TAB_SCALING_SYSTEM System of measurement of position tables
10450 SW_CAM_ASSIGN_TAB[n] Assignment of software cams to machine axes
10460 SW_CAM_MINUS_LEAD_TIME[n] Lead or delay time on minus cams 1 -16
10461 SW_CAM_PLUS_LEAD_TIME[n] Lead or delay time on plus cams 1 -16
10470 SW_CAM_ASSIGN_FASTOUT_1 Hardware assignment for output of cams
1 -8 to NCK I/Os
9 -16 to NCK I/Os
17 -24 to NCK I/Os
25 -32 to NCK I/Os
10480 SW_CAM_TIMER_FASTOUT_MASK Screen form for output of cam signals via timer inter‐
rupts to NCU
10485 SW_CAM_MODE Response of SW cams
9.6.2 Setting data

41500 SW_CAM_MINUS_POS_TAB_1[n] Position of minus cams 1 -8
41501 SW_CAM_PLUS_POS_TAB_1[n] Position of plus cams 1 -8
41520 SW_CAM_MINUS_TIME_TAB_1[n] Lead or delay time on minus cams 1 -8
41521 SW_CAM_PLUS_TIME_TAB_1[n] Lead or delay time on plus cams 1 -8
Extended Functions
9.6 Data lists

9.6.3 Signals

Cam activation DB31, ... .DBX2.0 -

Cams active DB31, ... .DBX62.0 -
Extended Functions
9.6 Data lists
Extended Functions
N4: Own channel - only 840D sl 10
Subfunctions
The functions specific to punching and nibbling operations comprise the following:
● Stroke control
● Automatic path segmentation
● Rotatable punch and die
● Clamp protection
They are activated and deactivated via language commands.
10.2 Stroke control
Functionality
The stroke control is used in the actual machining of the workpiece. The punch is activated
via an NC output signal when the position is reached. The punching unit acknowledges its
punching motion with an input signal to the NC. No axis may move within this time period.
Repositioning takes place after the punching operation.
High-speed signals
"High-speed signals" are used for direct communication between the NC and punching unit.
Combined with the punch, they allow a large number of holes to be punched per minute since
the punch positioning times are interpreted as machining delays.
PLC signals
PLC interface signals are used for non-time-critical functions such as enabling and monitoring.
Extended Functions
N4: Own channel - only 840D sl
10.2 Stroke control
10.2.2 High-speed signals
Functionality
High-speed signals are used to synchronize the NC and punching unit. On the one hand, they
are applied via a high-speed output to ensure that the punch stroke is not initiated until the
metal sheet is stationary. On the other, they are applied via a high-speed input to ensure that
the sheet remains stationary while the punch is active.
The high-speed digital inputs and outputs on the control are used to drive the punching unit.
The following signal chart illustrates the signal sequence.

E
$

,
F
W
W W W W
(a) Axis motion of the machine as function v(t)

(b) "Stroke initiation" signal
(c) "Stroke active" signal
Figure 10-1 Signal chart
Note
The "Stroke active" signal is high-active for reasons relating to open-circuit monitoring.
Extended Functions
10.2 Stroke control
The chronological sequence of events for punching and nibbling is controlled by the two signals
A0 and E0:
A0 Set by the NCK and identical to stroke initiation.

E0 Defines the status of the punching unit and identical to the "Stroke active" signal.
The signal states characterize and define times t1 to t4 in the following way:
t1 The motion of the workpiece (metal sheet) in relation to the punch is completed at instant t1.
Depending on the criterion defined for stroke initiation (see Section "Criteria for stroke initiation
(Page 613)"), the high-speed output A0 is set for punch initiation ①.
t2 The punching unit signals a punch movement via high-speed input E0 at instant t2.
This is triggered by signal A0 ②.
For safety reasons, signal E0 is high-active (in the case of an open circuit, "Stroke active" is
always set and the axes do not move).
The "Stroke active" signal is not reset again until the tool has moved away from the metal sheet
(t4).
t3 The NC reacts to the "Stroke active" signal at instant t3 by canceling the "Stroke initiation" signal
③. From this point in time onwards, the NC is in a waiting state. It simply waits for cancellation
of the "Stroke active" signal so it can initiate the next axis motion.
The next stroke can be initiated only after signal A0 has disappeared.
t4 The punching operation is complete at instant t4, i.e. the punch has exited from the metal sheet
again.
The NC reacts to a signal transition in signal E0 by starting an axis motion ④.
The reaction of the NC to a signal edge change ④ is described in the section headed "Axis start
after punching".
Note
The stroke time is determined by the period Δth = t4 - t1.
Reaction times at instant t4 between the signal transition of E0 and the start of the axis motion
must also be added.
10.2.3 Criteria for stroke initiation
Initiate a stroke
The stroke initiation must be set, at the earliest, for the point in time at which it can be
guaranteed that the axes have reached a standstill. This ensures that at the instant of punching,
there is absolutely no relative movement between the punch and the metal sheet in the
machining plane.
The following diagram shows the various criteria that can be applied to stroke initiation.
Extended Functions
10.2 Stroke control
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Figure 10-2 Signal chart: Criteria for stroke initiation
The time interval between t1 and t2 is determined by the reaction of the punching unit to setting
of output A0. This cannot be altered, but can be utilized as a lead time for minimizing dead
times.
The diagram above shows the default setting with which the output is set when the "Exact stop
fine window" is reached (G601; default setting of G group 12). The punch initiation times t''1
and t'1 are programmed by means of G602 and G603 (see table below).
Programming Activation Description

G603 Stop interpolation The interpolation reaches the block end. In this case,
the axes continue to move until the overtravel has been
traversed, i.e. the signal is output at an appreciable in‐
terval before the axes have reached zero speed (see
t"1).
G602 Reach the coarse in-po‐ The signal is output once the axes have reached the
sition window coarse in-position window. If this criterion is selected for
stroke initiation output, then the instant of stroke initia‐
tion can be varied through the size of interpolation win‐
dow (see t'1).
G601 Reach the fine in-posi‐ In this case, it can always be ensured that the machine
tion window will have reached a standstill at the instant of punching
provided that the axis data are set appropriately.
However, this variant also results in a maximum dead
time (see t1).
Extended Functions
10.2 Stroke control
Note
The initial setting of the G group with G601, G602 and G603 (G group 12) is defined via machine
data:
MD20150 $MC_GCODE_RESET_VALUES[11]
The default setting is G601.
G603
Depending on velocity and machine dynamics, approximately 3 - 5 interpolation cycles are
processed at the end of interpolation before the axes reach zero speed.
MD26018 $MC_NIBBLE_PRE_START_TIME
In conjunction with the above machine data, it is possible to delay, and therefore optimize, the
instant between reaching the end of interpolation and setting the high-speed output for "Stroke
ON".
The following setting data is available in addition to MD26018:
SD42402 $SC_NIBPUNCH_PRE_START_TIME
SD42402 can be changed from the part program and therefore adapted to the punching
process depending on the progress of the part program run.
The following applies to the delay time:
MD26018 = 0 → SD42402 is operative

MD26018 ≠ 0 → MD26018 is operative
If the "Punching with dwell time, PDELAYON" is active, then the dwell time programmed in
connection with this function is active. Neither MD26018 nor SD42402 is operative in this case.
Extended Functions
10.2 Stroke control
10.2.4 Axis start after punching
Input signal "Stroke ON"

The start of an axis motion after stroke initiation is controlled via input signal "Stroke ON".
$
,
W W
t
Figure 10-3 Signal chart: Axis start after punching
In this case, the time interval between t4 and t'4 acts as a switching-time-dependent reaction
time. It is determined by the interpolation sampling time and the programmed punching/nibbling
mode.
PON/SON
When the punching unit is controlled via PON/SON, the maximum delay time is calculated to be:
|t'4 - t4| = 3 x interpolator clock cycle
PONS/SONS
If the punch is controlled by PONS/SONS, the delay time is determined by:
|t'4 - t4| ≤ 3 x position controller cycles
Prerequisites: Stroke time (t4 - t2) > 4 interpolator clock cycles
Extended Functions
10.2 Stroke control
10.2.5 PLC signals specific to punching and nibbling
Function
In addition to the signals used for direct stroke control, channel-specific PLC interface signals
are also available. These are used both to control the punching process and to display
operational states.
Signals
Signal Activation
DB21, ... DBX3.0 (no stroke enable) Prevents the NC from initiating a punching operation.
The NC waits until the enable signal is available before
continuing the part program.
DB21, ... DBX3.2 (stroke suppression) Allows the part program to be processed without initiat‐
ing a punching operation (dry run).
With active path segmentation, the axes traverse in
"Stop and go" mode.
DB21, ... DBX3.4 (delayed stroke) Activates delayed stroke output if permitted by
PDELAYON.
DB21, ... DBX3.1 (manual stroke suppres‐ Enables the operator to initiate a punching operation
sion) (controlled via the PLC) without executing the part pro‐
gram.
Manual stroke initiation is acknowledged with signal:
DB21, .. DBX38.1 (acknowledgement of manual stroke
initiation)
10.2.6 Punching and nibbling-specific reactions to standard PLC signals
DB21, ... DBX12.3 (feed stop)

With interface signal:
DB21, ... DBX12.3 (feed stop)
, the NC reacts in the following way with respect to the stroke control:
Signal is detected in advance of instant t1: Stroke initiation is suppressed.

The next stroke is not initiated until the next start or until
the "Feed stop" signal has been canceled.
Machining is then continued as if there had been no inter‐
ruption.
Signal is detected at instant t1: The current stroke is executed to completion.
The NC then dwells in the state characterized by t4.
To allow it to respond in this manner, time monitoring of the
"Stroke active" and "Stroke initiation" signals is dispensed
with.
Extended Functions
10.3 Activation and deactivation
10.2.7 Signal monitoring
Oscillating signal
Owing to aging of the punch hydraulics, overshooting of the punch may cause the "Stroke
active" signal to oscillate at the end of a stroke.
In this case, an alarm (22054 "undefined punching signal") can be generated as a function of
machine data:
MD26020 $MC_NIBBLE_SIGNAL_CHECK
.
Reset response
In the case of an NCK reset, the interface signal:
DB21, ... DBX38.0 (stroke initiation active)
is canceled immediately without acknowledgement by the high-speed input.
A currently activated stroke cannot be suppressed.
10.3.1 Language commands

Punching and nibbling functions are activated and deactivated via configurable language
commands. These replace the special M functions that were used in earlier systems.
References:
Programming Manual, Job Planning
Groups
The language commands are subdivided into the following groups:
Group 35
The actual punching and nibbling-specific functions are activated and deactivated by means of the
following language commands:
PON = punching ON
SON = nibbling ON
PONS = punching ON, activated in the position controller
SONS = nibbling ON, activated in the position controller
SPOF = punching/nibbling OFF
Extended Functions
Group 36
This group includes the commands which have only a preparatory character and which determine the
real nature of the punching function:
PDELAYON = punching with delay ON
PDELAYOF = punching with delay OFF
Since the PLC normally needs to perform some preliminary tasks with respect to these preparatory
functions, they are programmed before the activating commands.
Group 38
This group contains the commands for switching over to a second punch interface. It can be used, for
example, for a second punching unit or set of hammer shears. A second I/O pair which can be used
for punching functionality is defined via machine data.
SPIF1 = first interface is active
SPIF2 = second interface is active
Note
Only one function at a time can be active within a G code group (similar, for example, to the
various interpolation modes G0, G1, G2, G3, etc. which are also mutually exclusive).
SPOF
Punching and nibbling OFF
The SPOF function terminates all punching and nibbling functions. In this state, the NCK
responds neither to the "Stroke active" signal nor to the PLC signals specific to punching and
nibbling functions.
If SPOF is programmed together with a travel command in one block (and in all further blocks
if punching/nibbling is not activated with SON or PON), the machine approaches the
programmed position without the initiation of a punching operation. SPOF deselects SON, SONS,
PON and PONS and corresponds to the Reset condition.
Programming example:

:
N20 G90 X100 SON ; Activate nibbling
N25 X50 SPOF ; Deactivate nibbling,
; Positioning without stroke initiation
:
SON
Nibbling ON
SON activates the nibbling function and deselects the other functions in G group35 (e.g. PON).
Extended Functions
In contrast to punching, the first stroke is made at the start point of the block with the activating
command, i.e. before the first machine motion.
SON has a modal action, i.e. it remains active until either SPOF or PON is programmed or until
the program end is reached.
The stroke initiation is suppressed in blocks without traversing information relating to the axes
designated as punching or nibbling axes (typically those in the active plane). If a stroke still
needs to be initiated, then one of the punching/nibbling axes must be programmed with a 0
traversing path. If the first block with SON is a block without traversing information of the type
mentioned, then only one stroke takes place in this block since the start and end points are
identical.

:
:
N70 X50 SPOF ; Positioning without punch initiation
N80 X100 SON ; Activate nibbling, initiate a stroke before the
; Motion (X=50) and at the end of the programmed
; motion (X=100)
:
:
SONS
Nibbling ON (in position control cycle)
SONS behaves in the same way as SON. The function is activated in the position control cycle,
thus allowing time-optimized stroke initiation and an increase in the punching rate per minute.
PON
Punching ON
PON activates the punching function and deactivates SON.
PON has a modal action like SON.
In contrast to SON, however, a stroke is not executed until the end of the block or, in the case
of automatic path segmentation, at the end of a path segment. PON has an identical action to
SON in the case of blocks which contain no traversing information.

:
N100 Y30 SPOF ; Positioning without punch initiation
N110 Y100 PON ; Activate punching, punch initiation at the end of the
; positioning operation (Y=100)
:
Extended Functions
PONS
Punching ON (in position control cycle)
PONS behaves in the same way as PON. For explanation, please refer to SONS.
PDELAYON
Punching with delay ON
PDELAYON is a preparatory function. This means that PDELAYON is generally programmed
before PON. The punch stroke is output with a delay when the programmed end position is
reached.
The delay time in seconds is programmed in setting data:
SD42400 $SC_PUNCH_DWELLTIME
If the defined value cannot be divided as an integer into the interpolator clock cycle, then it is
rounded to the next divisible integer value.
The function has a modal action.
PDELAYOF
Punching with delay OFF
PDELAYOF deactivates punching with delay function, i.e. the punching process continues
normally. PDELAYON and PDELAYOF form a G code group.
SPIF2 activates the second punch interface, i.e. the stroke is controlled via the second pair
of high-speed I/Os (see Section "Channelspecific machine data (Page 650)", MD26004 and
MD26006).

:
N170 PDELAYON X100 SPOF ; Position without punch initiation, activate delayed
punch initiation
:
:
N180 X800 PON ; Activate punching. The punch stroke is output with a
delay when the end position is reached
:
:
N190 PDELAYOF X700 ; deactivate punching with delay, normal punch initia-
tion on. End of programmed motion
:
SPIF1
Activation of first punch interface
Extended Functions
SPIF1 activates the first punch interface, i.e. the stroke is controlled via the first pair of high-
speed I/Os (see Section "Channelspecific machine data (Page 650)", MD26004 and
MD26006).
The first punch interface is always active after a reset or control system power up. If only one
interface is used, then it need not be programmed.
SPIF2
Activation of second punch interface
SPIF2 activates the second punch interface, i.e. the stroke is controlled via the second pair
of high-speed I/Os (see Section "Channelspecific machine data (Page 650)", MD26004 and
MD26006).

:
N170 SPIF1 X100 PON ; At the end of the block, a stroke is initiated at the
first fast output. The "Stroke active" signal is monitored
at the first input.
:
:
N180 X800 SPIF2 ; The second stroke is initiated at the second fast output.
The "Stroke active" signal is monitored at the second input.
:
:
N190 SPIF1 X700 ; All further strokes are controlled with the first inter-
face.
:
10.3.2 Functional expansions
Alternate interface
Machines that alternately use a second punching unit or a comparable medium can be
switched over to a second I/O pair.
The second I/O pair can be defined via the following machine data:
MD26004 $MC_NIBBLE_PUNCH_OUTMASK
MD26006 $MC_NIBBLE_PUNCH_INMASK
The interface is switched by command SPIF1 or SPIF2.
Full punching/nibbling functionality is available on both interfaces.
Example:
Hardware assignment for stroke control
Extended Functions
Define the high-speed byte in each case on the CPU as a high-speed punch interface:
MD26000 $MC_PUNCHNIB_ASSIGN_FASTIN = 'H00030001' → Byte 1
MD26002 $MC_PUNCHNIB_ASSIGN_FASTOUT = 'H00000001'
Remark:
The first and second bits are inverted.
Screen form for high-speed input and output bits:
First interface output bit

MD26004 $MC_NIBBLE_PUNCH_OUTMASK[0] =1 → Bit 1 SPIF1
Second interface output bit
MD26004 $MC_NIBBLE_PUNCH_OUTMASK[1] =2 → Bit 2 SPIF2
First interface input bit
MD26006 $MC_NIBBLE_PUNCH_INMASK[0] =1 → Bit 1 SPIF1
Second interface input bit
MD26006 $MC_NIBBLE_PUNCH_INMASK[1] =2 → Bit 2 SPIF2
Automatically activated pre-initiation time

Dead times due to the reaction time of the punching unit can be minimized if the stroke can
be initiated before the interpolation window of the axes is reached. The reference time for this
is the interpolation end. The stroke is automatically initiated with G603 and delayed by the set
value in relation to the time that the end of interpolation is reached.
The delay time for stroke initiation can be adjusted in machine data:
MD26018 $MC_NIBBLE_PRE_START_TIME
Example:
With an IPO cycle of 5 ms, a stroke shall be released two cycles after reaching the interpolation
end:
⇒ MD26018 $MC_NIBBLE_PRE_START_TIME = 0.01 [s]
A pre-initiation time can also be programmed in setting data:
SD42402 $SC_NIBPUNCH_PRE_START_TIME
This setting takes effective only if MD26018 = 0 has been set.
Monitoring of the input signal

If the "stroke active" signal is fluctuating between strokes due to plunger overshoots, for
example, the message "undefined punching signal" can be also be output when interpolation
is stopped.
The message output is dependent on the setting in machine data:
MD26020 $MC_NIBBLE_SIGNAL_CHECK
MD26020 = 0 No alarm
MD26020 = 1 Alarm
Extended Functions
Minimum period between two strokes

A minimum time interval between two consecutive strokes can be programmed in setting data:
SD42404 $SC_MINTIME_BETWEEN_STROKES
Example:
There must be a minimum delay of at least 1.3 seconds between two stroke initiations
irrespective of physical distance:
⇒ SD42404 $SC_MINTIME_BETWEEN_STROKES = 1.3 [s]
If a punching dwell time (PDELAYON) is also programmed, then the two times are applied
additively.
If a pre-initiation time at G603 is programmed, it will be effective only if the end of interpolation
is reached before the time set in SD 42404:
The programmed time becomes operative immediately. Depending on the size of the block
buffer, strokes that have already been programmed can be executed with this minimum
interval. The following programming measures (example) can be taken to prevent this:
Program code
N...
N100 STOPRE
N110 $SC_ MINTIME_BETWEEN_STROKES = 1.3
The function is not active when SD42404 = 0.
Travel-dependent acceleration
An acceleration characteristic can be defined with PUNCHACC (Smin, Amin, Smax,
Amax). This command can be used to define different acceleration rates depending on the
distance between holes.
Example 1:
Extended Functions
$>@

381&+$&&

6>PP@
The characteristic defines the following acceleration rates:
Distance be‐ Acceleration

tween holes
< 2 mm The axis accelerates at a rate corresponding to 50 % of maximum acceleration.
2 - 10 mm Acceleration is increased to 100 %, proportional to the spacing.
> 10 mm The axis accelerates at the maximum rate (100%).
Example 2:
$>@

381&+$&&

6>PP@
Extended Functions
The characteristic defines the following acceleration rates:
Distance be‐ Acceleration

tween holes
< 3 mm The axis accelerates at a rate corresponding to 75 % of maximum acceleration.
3 - 8 mm Acceleration is reduced to 25 %, proportional to the spacing.
> 10 mm The axis accelerates at the maximum rate (25 %).
If a reduced acceleration rate has already been programmed via ACC, then the acceleration
limits defined with PUNCHACC refer to the reduced acceleration rate.
The function is deselected with:
Smin = Smax = 0
The acceleration rate programmed beforehand with ACC remains operative.
Block search
In the case of a search for a block containing a nibbling function, it is possible to program
whether the punch stroke is executed at the block beginning or suppressed.
The setting is programmed in machine data:
MD11450 $MN_SEARCH_RUN_MODE
Bit Value Meaning

5 0 Punch stroke at beginning of block is suppressed.
1 Punch stroke at beginning of block is executed.
References:
Response (K1), Section:
10.3.3 Compatibility with earlier systems
Use of M functions
As in earlier versions, macro technology allows special M functions to be used instead of
language commands (compatibility).
The M functions and equivalent language commands as used in earlier systems are as follows:
M20, M23 ≙ SPOF

M22 ≙ SON
Extended Functions
M25 ≙ PON
M26 ≙ PDELAYON
Note
M functions can be configured in machine data.
When M functions are assigned to language commands, it must be noted that M functions are
organized in auxiliary function groups.
Examples
DEFINE M20 AS SPOF Punching/nibbling OFF

or
DEFINE M20 AS SPOF M=20 Punching with auxiliary function output
DEFINE M20 AS SPOF PDELAYOF Punching/nibbling OFF and punching with delay OFF
DEFINE M22 AS SON Nibbling ON

or
DEFINE M22 AS SON M=22 Nibbling ON with auxiliary function output
DEFINE M25 AS PON Punching ON

or
DEFINE M25 AS PON M=25 Punching ON with auxiliary function output
DEFINE M26 AS PDELAYON Punching with delay ON

or
DEFINE M26 AS PDELAYON M=26 Punching and auxiliary function output

:
:
N100 X100 M20 ; position without punch initiation
N110 X120 M22 ; Activate nibbling, before and after motion
; stroke initiation
:
N120 X150 Y150 M25 ; Activate punching, initiate stroke at end
; of the motion
:
Extended Functions
10.4 Automatic path segmentation

:
Function
One of the following two methods can be applied to automatically segment a programmed
traversing path:
● Path segmentation with maximum path segment programmed via language command SPP
● Path segmentation with a number of segments programmed via language command SPN
Both functions generate sub-blocks independently.
In earlier systems
● SPP<number> corresponds to E<number>
● SPN<number> corresponds to H<number>
Since addresses E and H now represent auxiliary functions, language commands SPP and
SPN are used to avoid conflicts. The new procedure is therefore not compatible with those
implemented in earlier systems. Both language commands (SPP and SPN) can be configured.
Note
The values programmed with SPP are either mm or inch settings depending on the initial setting
(analogous to axes).
The automatic path segmentation function ensures that the path is divided into equidistant
sections with linear and circle interpolation.
When the program is interrupted and automatic path segmentation is active (SPP/SPN), the
contour can be reentered only at the beginning of the segmented block. The first punch stroke
is executed at the end of this sub-block.
SPP and SPN can be activated only if geometry axes are configured.
SPP
The automatic path segmentation function SPP divides the programmed traversing path into
sections of equal size according to the segment specification.
Extended Functions
The following conditions apply:

● Path segmentation is active only when SON or PON is active.
(Exception: MD26014 $MC_PUNCH_PATH_SPLITTING = 1)
● SPP is modally active, i.e. the programmed segment remains valid until it is programmed
again, but it can be suppressed on a block-by-block (non-modal) basis by means of SPN.
● The path segments are rounded off by the control system if required so that a total
programmed distance can be divided into an integral number of path sections.
● The path segment unit is either mm/stroke or inch/stroke (depending on axis settings).
● If the programmed SPP value is greater than the traversing distance, then the axis is
positioned on the programmed end position without path segmentation.
● SPP = 0, reset or program end delete the programmed SPP value. The SPP value is not
deleted when punching/nibbling is deactivated.
SPN
The automatic path segmentation function SPN divides the traversing path into the
programmed number of path segments.
The following conditions apply:
● Path segmentation is active only when SON or PON is active.
(Exception: MD26014 $MC_PUNCH_PATH_SPLITTING = 1)
● SPN has a non-modal action.
● Any previously programmed SPP value is suppressed for the block containing SPN, but is
re-activated again in the following blocks.
● The path segmentation function is operative with linear and circular interpolation.
The interpolation mode remains unchanged, i.e. circles are traversed when circular
interpolation is selected.
● If a block contains both SPN (number of strokes) and SPP (stroke path), then the number
of blocks is activated in the current block while the stroke path is activated in all blocks that
follow.
● Path segmentation is active only in conjunction with punching or nibbling functions.
(Exception: MD26014 $MC_PUNCH_PATH_SPLITTING = 1).
● Any programmed auxiliary functions are output before, during the first or after the last sub-
block.
● In the case of blocks without traversing information, the rules which govern the
programming of SON and PON also apply to SPP and SPN. In other words, a stroke is initiated
only if an axis motion has been programmed.
Extended Functions
10.4.2 Operating characteristics with path axes
MD26010
All axes defined and programmed via machine data:
MD26010 $MC_PUNCHNIB_AXIS_MASK
are traversed along path sections of identical size with SPP and SPN until the programmed
end point is reached. This also applies to rotatable tool axes if programmed. The response
can be adjusted for single axes.
Example of SPP
N1 G01 X0 Y0 SPOF ; Position without punch initiation
N2 X75 SPP=25 SON ; Nibble with feed value 25 mm; initiate punch
; before the first movement and after each
; path section,
:
:
N3 Y10 ; Position with reduced SPP value, because
: ; traversing distance < SPP value, and initiate punch
; after the movement.
:
:
N4 X0 ; Reposition with punch initiation
; after each path section.
:
633

633
If the programmed path segmentation is not an integral multiple of the total path, then the feed
path is reduced.
Extended Functions
<
<
633ಬ
633
;
;
X2/Y2: Programmed traversing distance

SPP: Programmed SPP value
SPP': Automatically rounded-off offset distance
Figure 10-4 Path segmentation
Example of SPN
The number of path segments per block is programmed via SPN.
A value programmed via SPN takes effect on a non-modal basis for both punching and nibbling
applications. The only difference between the two modes is with respect to the first stroke.
This is normally executed at the beginning of the first segment with nibbling operations and at
its end with punching operations. This means that when n segments are programmed, n
strokes are executed with punching operations but n+1 with nibbling. Furthermore, where no
travel information is available, only a single stroke is executed, even if several are programmed.
Should it be necessary to generate several strokes at one position, then the corresponding
number of blocks without traversing information must be programmed.

N1 G01 X0 Y0 SPOF ; position without punch initiation
N2 X75 SPN=3 SON ; Activate nibbling. The total path is
; divided into three segments. Before the first
; movement and at the end of each segment, a
; stroke is triggered.
:
:
:
:
Extended Functions

N3 Y10 SPOF ; Position without punch initiation
N4 X0 SPN=2 PON ; activate punching. The total path is divided into 2
; path segments. Because punching has been activated,
; the first stroke is initiated at the end of the first
path segment.
;
:
:
:
:
631

631
Extended Functions
Example

;

<

Figure 10-5 Workpiece
Extract from program

N100 G90 X130 Y75 F60 SPOF ; Positioning to starting point (1) of the
; vertical nibbling path sections
N110 G91 Y125 SPP=4 SON ; End point coordinates (incremental)
; Path segment: 4 mm, activate nibbling
N120 G90 Y250 SPOF ; Absolute dimensioning, position at
; the start point (2) of the horizontal
; nibbling path section
N130 X365 SPN=4 SON ; End point coordinates, four path sections,
; activate nibbling
N140 X525 SPOF ; Positioning to starting point (3) of the
; oblique nibbling path
N150 X210 Y75 SPP=3 SON ; End point coordinates path segment: 3 mm,
; activate nibbling
N160 X525 SPOF ; Positioning to starting point (4) of the
; nibbling path on pitch circle path
N170 G02 G91 X-62.5 Y62.5 I0 J62.5 SON ; Incremental circular interpolation with
; interpolation parameters, nibbling
Extended Functions

; activating
N180 G00 G90 Y300 SPOF ; Positioning
10.4.3 Response in connection with single axes
MD26016
The path of single axes programmed in addition to path axes is distributed evenly among the
generated intermediate blocks as standard.
In the following example, the additional rotary axis C is defined as a synchronous axis.
If this axis is programmed additionally as a "Punch-nibble axis":
MD26010 $MC_PUNCHNIB_AXIS_MASK = 1,
, then the behavior of the synchronous axis can be varied as a function of machine data:
MD26016 $MC_PUNCH_PARTITION_TYPE
.
Program code
N10 G90 G1 PON X10 Y10 C0 F10000
N20 SPP=5 X25 C45
N30 G3 SPN=3 X35 Y20 I0 J10 C90
MD26016 $MC_PUNCH_PARTITION_TYPE=0 (default setting)

With this setting, the axes behave as standard, i.e. the programmed special axis motions are
distributed among the generated intermediate blocks of the active path segmentation function
in all interpolation modes.
In block N20, the C axis is rotated through 15° in each of the three intermediate blocks. The
axis response is the same in block N30, in the case of circular interpolation (three sub-blocks,
each with 15° axis rotation).
Extended Functions

r

r
r

1 1
& r r r r

[
MD26016 $MC_PUNCH_PARTITION_TYPE=1
In contrast to the behavior described above, here the synchronous axis travels the entire
programmed rotation path in the first sub-block of the selected path segmentation function.
Applied to the example, the C axis already reaches the programmed end position C=45 when
it reaches X position X=15. It behaves in the same way in the circular interpolation block below.
Extended Functions

r

r
r
1 1 1
& r r r r

[
MD26016 $MC_PUNCH_PARTITION_TYPE=2
MD26016=2 is set in cases where the axis must behave as described above in linear
interpolation mode, but according to the default setting in circular interpolation mode (see 1st
case).
The axis behavior for the example is then as follows: In block N20, the C axis is rotated to
C=45° in the first sub-block. The following circular interpolation block rotates the C axis through
15° in every sub-block.
Extended Functions

r

r
r

1 1 1
& r r r r

[
The axis response illustrated in the diagram above can be particularly useful when applied to
the axis of a rotatable tool in cases where it is used to place the tool in a defined direction (e.g.
tangential) in relation to the contour, but where the tangential control function must not be
applied. However, it is not a substitute for the tangential control function since the start and
end positions of the rotary axis must always be programmed.
Note
Additional offset motions of special axes (in this case, rotary axis C) are implemented via a
zero offset.
Extended Functions
● If the C axis is not defined as a "Punch-nibble axis", then the C axis motion path is not
segmented in block N30 in the above example nor is a stroke initiated at the block end.
● If the functionality described above is to be implemented in a variant not specific to nibbling
applications, but with alignment of the special axis, then stroke initiation can be suppressed
by the following PLC interface signal:
DB 21, 22 DBX3.2 (stroke suppression)
(Application: e.g. alignment of electron beam during welding)
A similar response can be programmed with the following machine data setting:
MD26014 $MC_PUNCH_PATH_SPLITTING=1
In this case, the path is segmented irrespective of punching or nibbling functions.
Extended Functions
10.5 Rotatable tool
10.5 Rotatable tool
Function overview
The following two functions are provided for nibbling/punching machines with rotatable punch
and lower die:
● Coupled motion
for synchronous rotation of punch and die
● Tangential control
for normal alignment of rotary axes for punches in relation to workpiece
7RROURWDU\D[LV
6WDPS
'LH
Figure 10-6 Illustration of a rotatable tool axis
Extended Functions
10.5 Rotatable tool
10.5.2 Coupled motion of punch and die
Function
Using the standard function "Coupled motion", it is possible to assign the axis of the die as a
coupled motion axis to the rotary axis of the punch.
Activation
The "Coupled motion" function is activated or deactivated with language commands
TRAILON and TRAILOF respectively.
References:
Function Manual, Special Functions; Coupled Motion and ESR (M3)
Example
Example of a typical nibbling machine with rotatable punches where C is the punch axis and
C1 the die axis:

:
:
TRAILON (C1, C, 1) ; Enabling the coupled-motion grouping
G01 X100 Y100 C0 PON ; Initiate stroke with C axis /
; C1 axis position C=0=C1
X150 C45 ; Initiate stroke with C axis /
; C1 axis position C=45=C1
:
:
M30
Basic position
No coupled-motion groupings are active after power up. Once the two tool axes have
approached the reference point, the coupled-motion grouping is not generally separated again.
This can be achieved by:
● Program single activation of the coupled-motion grouping (see example above)
● Program MD setting:
MD20110 $MC_RESET_MODE_MASK, bit 8=1
In this way, the coupled-motion grouping remains active after RESET/part program start or
end.
Extended Functions
10.5 Rotatable tool
10.5.3 Tangential control
Function
The "tangential control" function aligns the rotary axis used for positioning the punching/
nibbling tool so that it is tangential to the programmed path. In connection with tangential
control, this axis is called the tangential axis. The linear axes of the machining plane are the
leading axes of the tangential coupling. The tangential axis is the following axis that is aligned
to the path tangent of the lead axes. An additive offset angle for the tangent angle can also be
programmed for the tangential axis.
If the punching/nibbling tool (die and die plate) is moved via two separate rotary axes, the
second rotary axes can be coupled to the tangential axis via "coupled motion".
Note
Switch-on sequence
In the NC program, the tangential control must first be defined and then the coupled motion
must be activated.
References
A detailed description of the tangential control can be found in:
Function Manual, Special Functions, Chapter: "T3: Tangential control"
Example: Linear interpolation
Assumptions
● The punching/nibbling tool is subdivided into bottom and top tool
● The bottom tool and top tool are moved by different rotary axes (C/C1).
● The linear axes X and Y are the leading axes (machining plane G17)

N2 TANG (C, X, Y, 1, "B") ; definition tangential control
; leading axes: X, Y
; following axis: C
; coupling factor: 1
; basic coordinate system
N5 G0 X10 Y5 ; starting position
N8 TRAILON (C1, C, 1) ; coupled motion ON
N10 Y10 C225 PON F60 ; C/C1 axis → 225°
; nibbling initiation ON, → stroke
N15 X20 Y20 C45 ; C/C1 axis → 45° → stroke
N20 X50 Y20 C90 SPOF ; C/C1 axis → 90°
; stroke initiation OFF
Extended Functions
10.5 Rotatable tool

N25 X80 Y20 SPP=10 SON ; path segmentation: ON
; path segment: 10 mm → 4 lifts
; punch initiation: ON
N30 X60 Y40 SPOF ; positioning
; stroke initiation: OFF
N32 TANGON (C, 180) ; tangential control: ON
; offset angle: 180°
N35 X30 Y70 SPN=3 PON ; path segmentation: 3 path segments → lift
; nibbling initiation: ON
N40 G91 C45 X-10 Y-10 ; C/C1: 90° (-135°+180°+45°) → lift
; offset angle: 0°
N45 G90 Y30 SPN=3 SON ; path segmentation → 3 lifts
N50 SPOF TANGOF ; stroke initiation OFF
; tangential control: OFF
N55 TRAILOF (C1, C) ; coupled motion: OFF
N60 M2
<

1

1

1
r
1

1 1
1

1
1
;
r
&
① Mounting position 0°
② Positioning
③ Stroke
Extended Functions
10.5 Rotatable tool
Example: Circular interpolation

In circular interpolation mode, particularly when path segmentation is active, the tool axes
rotate along a path tangentially aligned to the programmed path axes in each sub-block.

N2 TANG (C, X, Y, 1, "B") ; definition tangential control
; leading axes: X, Y
; following axis: C
; coupling factor: 1
; basic coordinate system
N5 G0 F60 X10 Y10 ; starting position
N8 TRAILON (C1, C, 1) ; coupled motion: ON
N9 TANGON (C, -90) ; tangential control: ON
; offset angle: -90° or 270°
N10 G02 X30 Y30 I20 J0 SPN=2 PON ; circular interpolation
; path segmentation → 2 lifts
N15 G0 X70 Y10 SPOF ; positioning
; offset angle: 90°
N20 G03 X35,86 Y24,14 CR=20 SPP=16 SON ; circular interpolation
N25 G0 X74.14 Y35.86 C0 PON ; positioning
; C/C1 axis: 0°
; nibbling initiation: ON
; offset angle: 0°
N30 G03 X40 Y50 I-14,14 J14,14 SPN=5 SON ; circular interpolation
N35 G0 X30 Y65 C90 SPOF ; positioning
N40 G91 X-10 Y-25 C180 ; positioning, incremental
; C/C1 axis: +180°
; ≙ 270° absolute
N43 TANGOF ; tangential control: OFF
N45 G90 G02 Y60 I0 J10 SPP=2 PON ; circular interpolation
N50 SPOF ; stroke initiation OFF
N55 TRAILOF (C1, C) ; coupled motion: OFF
N60 M2
Extended Functions
10.7 Supplementary conditions
;

1
1
1
1

r
1

1

1
1

<
1
r
&
① Mounting position 0°
② Positioning
③ Stroke
10.6 Protection zones
Clamping protection zone

The "clamping protection zone" function is contained as a subset in the "Protection zones"
function. Its purpose is to simply monitor whether clamps and tool could represent a mutual
risk.
Note
No by-pass strategies are implemented for cases where the clamp protection is violated.
References:
Availability of function "Punching and nibbling"

The function is an option ("Punching and nibbling functions"), which must be assigned to the
hardware through the license management.
Extended Functions
10.8 Examples
10.8 Examples
10.8.1 Examples of defined start of nibbling operation
Example 1
Example of defined start of nibbling operation

:
:
N10 G0 X20 Y120 SPP= 20 ; Position 1 is approached
N20 X120 SON ; Defined start of nibbling, first stroke at
; "1", last stroke at "2"
N30 Y20 ; Defined start of nibbling, first stroke at
N40 X20 ; Defined start of nibbling, first stroke at
N50 SPOF
N60 M2
;

<
Extended Functions
10.8 Examples
Example 2
This example utilizes the "Tangential control" function. Z has been selected as the name of
the tangential axis.

:
:
N5 TANG (Z, X, Y, 1, "B") ; Define tangential axis
N8 TANGON (Z, 0) ; Select tangential control
N10 G0 X20 Y120 ; Position 1 is approached
N20 X120 SPP=20 SON ; Defined start of nibbling,
; tangential control selected,
; first stroke at "1", last stroke at "2"
N30 SPOF TANGOF ; Deselect nibbling mode and deselect
; tangential control
N38 TANGON (Z, 90) ; Select tangential control
N40 Y20 SON ; Defined start of nibbling,
; tangential control selected,
; first stroke at "2" rotated 90 degrees to
; block N20, last stroke at "3"
N50 SPOF TANGOF ; Deselect nibbling mode and deselect
; tangential control
N60 M2
;

<
Extended Functions
10.8 Examples
Examples 3 and 4 for defined start of nibbling
Example 3: Programming of SPP

:
:
N5 G0 X10 Y10 ; Positioning
N10 X90 SPP=20 SON ; Defined start of nibbling,
; 5 punches initiated
N20 X10 Y30 SPP=0 ; One punch is initiated at the end of the path
N30 X90 SPP=20 ; 4 punches initiated at intervals of 20 mm
N40 SPOF
N50 M2
Example 4 Programming of SPN

:
:
N10 X90 SPN=4 SON ; Defined start of nibbling, 5
N20 X10 Y30 PON ; One punch is initiated at the end of the path
N30 X90 SPN=4 ; 4 punches initiated
N40 SPOF
N50 M2
Extended Functions
10.8 Examples
;

1 1 1 <
Figure 10-7 Examples 3 and 4 for defined start of nibbling
Examples 5 and 6 without defined start of nibbling
Example 5 Programming of SPP

:
:
N10 X90 SPP=20 PON ; No defined start of nibbling,
N15 Y10 ; One punch is initiated at the end of the path
N20 X10 SPP=20 ; 4 punches initiated at intervals of 20 mm
N25 SPOF
N30 M2
Example 6 Programming of SPN

:
:
N10 X90 SPN=4 PON ; No defined start of nibbling,
N15 Y10 ; One punch is initiated at the end of the path
N20 X10 SPN=4 ; 4 punches initiated
Extended Functions
10.8 Examples

N25 SPOF
N30 M2
Example 7 Application example of SPP programming

;

<

Figure 10-8 Workpiece
Extract from program:

N100 G90 X75 Y75 F60 PON ; Positioning to starting point (1) of the
; vertical line of holes, punch single hole
N110 G91 Y125 SPP=25 PON ; End point coordinates (incremental),
; path segment: 25 mm, activate punching
N120 G90 X150 SPOF ; Absolute dimensioning, position at
; the start point (2) of the horizontal line of
holes
N130 X375 SPP=45 PON ; End point coordinates, path segment: 45 mm
N140 X275 Y160 SPOF ; Positioning to starting point (3) of the
; oblique line of holes
N150 X150 Y75 SPP=40 PON ; End point coordinates, programmed
; path segment: 40 mm, calculated
Extended Functions
10.9 Data lists

; path segment: 37.39 mm
N160 G00 Y300 SPOF ; Positioning
10.9 Data lists
10.9.1 Machine data

11450 SEARCH_RUN_MODE Block search parameter settings

20150 GCODE_RESET_VALUES[n] Reset G groups
26000 PUNCHNIB_ASSIGN_FASTIN Hardware assignment for input-byte with stroke control
26002 PUNCHNIB_ASSIGN_FASTOUT Hardware assignment for output-byte with stroke con‐
trol
26004 NIBBLE_PUNCH_OUTMASK[n]) Mask for quick output bits
26006 NIBBLE_PUNCH_INMASK[n] Mask for quick input bits
26008 NIBBLE_PUNCH_CODE[n] Determination of the M functions
26010 PUNCHNIB_AXIS_MASK Definition of punching and nibbling axes
26012 PUNCHNIB_ACTIVATION Activation of punching and nibbling functions
26014 PUNCH_PATH_SPLITTING Activation of automatic path segmentation
26016 PUNCH_PARTITION_TYPE Behavior of single axes with active automatic path seg‐
mentation
26018 NIBBLE_PRE_START_TIME Automatically activated pre-initiation time
26020 NIBBLE_SIGNAL_CHECK Monitoring of the input signal
Extended Functions
10.9 Data lists
10.9.2 Setting data

42400 PUNCH_DWELL_TIME Dwell time
42402 NIBPUNCH_PRE_START_TIME Pre-start time
42404 MINTIME_BETWEEN_STROKES Minimum time interval between two consecutive
strokes
10.9.3 Signals

No stroke enable DB21, ... .DBX3.0 -
Manual stroke initiation DB21, ... .DBX3.1 -
Stroke suppression DB21, ... .DBX3.2 -
Stroke inoperative DB21, ... .DBX3.3 -
Delayed stroke DB21, ... .DBX3.4 -
Manual stroke initiation DB21, ... .DBX3.5 -

Stroke initiation active DB21, ... .DBX38.0 -
Acknowledgement of manual stroke initiation DB21, ... .DBX38.1 -
10.9.4 Language commands
G group Language com‐ Meaning

mand
35 SPOF Stroke / Punch OFF Punching and nibbling OFF
35 SON Stroke ON Nibbling ON
35 SONS Stroke ON Nibbling ON (position controller)
35 PON Punch ON Punching ON
35 PONS Punch ON Punching ON (position controller)
Extended Functions
10.9 Data lists
G group Language com‐ Meaning

mand
36 PDELAYON Punch with Delay ON Punching with delay ON
36 PDELAYOF Punch with Delay OFF Punching with delay OFF
Path segmentation
SPP Path per stroke, modal action
SPN Number of strokes per block, non-modal action
Extended Functions
P2: Positioning axes 11
11.1 Product brief
Axes for auxiliary movements

In addition to axes for machining a workpiece, modern machine tools can also be equipped
with axes for auxiliary movements, e.g.:
● Axis for tool magazine
● Axis for tool turret
● Axis for workpiece transport
● Axis for pallet transport
● Axis for loader (also multi-axis)
● Axis for tool changer
● Axis for sleeve assembly / end support
The axes for the workpiece machining are called path axes. Within the channel they are guided
by the interpolator such that they start simultaneously, accelerate, reach the end point and
stop together.
Axes for auxiliary movements are traversed independently of the path axes at a separate, axis-
specific feedrate. In the past, many of these axes were moved hydraulically and started by an
auxiliary function in the part program. With the closed-loop axis control implemented in the
Extended Functions
P2: Positioning axes
11.1 Product brief
NC, the axis can be addressed by name in the part program and its actual position displayed
on the screen.
Note
"Positioning axis/Auxiliary spindle" option
Axes for auxiliary movements must not be interpolating ("full-value") NC axes. Auxiliary
movements may also be carried out using special axes, which can be obtained using the
"Positioning axis/Auxiliary spindle" option.
Functional restrictions
Optional positioning axes/auxiliary spindles have fewer functions. The following functions are
not possible:
● Using the axis as a path axis, geometry axis, or special path axis
● Incorporating the axis into the geometry axis grouping (GEOAX)
● Rigid thread cutting and tapping
Commissioning
As standard, axes are defined as interpolating axes:
MD30460 $MA_BASE_FUNCTION_MASK bit 8 = 0
If an axis is to be operated as a positioning axis/auxiliary spindle with reduced functionality,
the value for bit 8 must be set to "1":
MD30460 $MA_BASE_FUNCTION_MASK bit 8 = 1
Function
The "positioning axes" function makes it easier to integrate axes for auxiliary movement into
the control system:
● during programming:
The axes are programmed together with the axes for workpiece machining in the same part
program, without having to sacrifice valuable machining time.
There are special (POS, POSA) traversing instructions.
● during program testing/start-up:
Program testing and start-up are performed simultaneously for all axes.
● during operation:
Operation and monitoring of the machining process commence simultaneously for all axes.
● during PLC configuring/commissioning:
No allowance has to be made on PLC or external computers (PCs) for synchronization
between axes for machining and axes for auxiliary movements.
● during system configuring:
A second channel is not required.
Extended Functions
11.2 Own channel, positioning axis or concurrent positioning axis
Motions and interpolations

Each channel has one path interpolator and at least one axis interpolator with the following
interpolation functions:
● for path interpolator:
Linear interpolation (G1), circular interpolation (G2 / G3), spline interpolation, etc.
● for axis interpolator:
If a positioning axis is programmed, an axis interpolator starts in the control (with linear
interpolation G1).
● End-of-motion criterion:
The programmed end position of a positioning axis has been reached when the end-of-
motion criterion FINEA, COARSA or IPOENDA is fulfilled.
● Path axes with rapid traverse movement:
Path axes can be traversed in linear or non-linear interpolation mode with rapid traverse
movement (G0).
● Autonomous singleaxis operations:
Single PLC axes, command axes started via static synchronized actions or asynchronous
reciprocating axes can be interpolated independently of the NCK.
An axis/spindle interpolated by the main run then reacts independently of the NC program.
The channel response triggered by the program run is decoupled to transfer the control of
a certain axis / spindle to the PLC.
● Control by PLC:
All channel-specific signals normally act to the same extent on path and positioning axes.
Positioning axes can be controlled via additional, axis-specific signals.
PLC axes are traversed by the PLC via special function blocks in the basic program; their
movements can be asynchronous to all other axes. The travel motions are executed
separate from the path and synchronized actions.

When axes are provided for auxiliary movements on a machine tool, the required properties
will decide whether the axis is to be:
● programmed in an internal part program (see Section "Own channel (Page 655)").
● programmed in the same part program as the machining operation (see Section
"Positioning axis (Page 656)").
● started exclusively by the PLC during machining (see Section "Concurrent positioning
axis (Page 659)").
11.2.1 Own channel

A channel represents a self-contained NC which, with the aid of a part program, can be used
to control the movement of axes, spindles and machine functions independently of other
channels.
Extended Functions
Non-dependence between channels

Independence between channels is assured by means of the following provisions:
● An active part program per channel
● Channel-specific interface signals such as
– DB21, ... DBX7.1 (NC Start)
– DB21, ... DBX7.3 (NC stop)
– DB21, ... DBX7.7 (reset)
● One feedrate override per channel
● One rapid traverse override per channel
● Channel-specific evaluation and display of alarms
● Channel-specific display, e.g. for
– Actual axis positions
– Active G commands
– Active auxiliary functions
– Current program block
● Channel-specific testing and channel-specific control of programs:
– Single block
– Dry run (DRY RUN)
– Block search
– Program test
References
For more information on the channel functionality, please refer to:
Function Manual, Basic Functions; BAG, Channel, Program Operation, Reset Response (K1)
11.2.2 Positioning axis

Positioning axes are programmed together with path axes, i.e. with the axes that are
responsible for workpiece machining.
Commands for positioning axes and path axes can be included in the same NC block. Although
they are programmed in the same NC block, the path and positioning axes are not interpolated
together and do not reach their end point simultaneously (no direct time relationship, see also
Chapter "Motion behavior and interpolation functions (Page 660)").
Extended Functions
Positioning axis types and block change

The block change time depends on the programmed positioning axis type (refer also to Chapter
"Block change (Page 674)"):
Type Description
1 The block change occurs when all path and positioning axes have reached their programmed
end point.
2 The block change occurs when all path axes have reached their programmed end point.
With positioning axis type 2, it is possible to approach the programmed end point across sev‐
eral block limits.
3 It is possible to set the block change within the braking ramp of the single axis interpolation if
the criteria for the motion end and the block change are fulfilled for the path interpolation.
Motion synchronization
Positioning axes permit movements to be activated from the same machining program and
such movements to be synchronized at block limits (type 1) or at explicit points by means of
a WAITP command (type 2).
Motion end criterion for block change in the brake ramp

For single-axis interpolation, it is also possible to set another end-of-motion criterion for the
block change in the braking ramp.
Traverse path axes in G0 as positioning axis

Each path axis can be traversed as positioning axis in rapid traverse movement (G0). Thus all
axes travel to their end point independently.
In this way, two sequentially programmed X and Z axes are treated like positioning axes in
conjunction with G0. The block change to axis Z can be initiated by axis X as a function of the
braking ramp time setting (100-0%). Axis Z starts to move while axis X is still in motion. Both
axes approach their end point independently of one another.
Axis types
Positioning axes can be linear axes and rotary axes.
Positioning axes can also be configured as indexing axes.
Independence of positioning axes and path axes

The mutual independence of positioning and path axes is ensured by the following measures:
● No shared interpolation
● Each positioning axis has a dedicated axis interpolator
● Dedicated feed override for each positioning axis
Extended Functions
● Dedicated programmable feedrate

● Dedicated "axis-specific delete distance-to-go" interface signal
Dependencies
Positioning axes are dependent in the following respects:
● A shared part program
● Starting of positioning axes only at block boundaries in the part program
● With rapid traverse movement G0 path axes traverse as positioning axes in one of two
different modes
● No rapid traverse override
● The following interface signals act on the entire channel and therefore on positioning axes:
– DB21, ... DBX7.1 (NC start)
– DB21, ... DBX7.3 (NC stop)
– DB21, ... DBX7.7 (reset)
– DB21, ... DBX6.1 (read-in disable)
● Alarms specific to program and channel also deactivate positioning axes.
● Program control (dry run feed, program test, DRF, ... etc.) also act on positioning axes
● Block search and single block also act on positioning axes.
● The last block with a programmed end-of-motion criterion that was processed in the search
run serves as a container for setting all axes.
● Group 1 (modal movement commands) of the G commands (i.e. G0, G1, G2, ...) does not
apply to positioning axes.
References:
Programming Manual Fundamentals.
Applications
The following are typical applications for positioning axes:
● Single-axis loaders
● Multi-axis loaders without interpolation (PTP → point-to-point traversing)
● Workpiece feed and transport
Extended Functions
Other applications are also possible:

● With G0 workpiece delivery and workpiece transport can travel to their end points
independently of one another.
● On machines with several machining processes in sequence: Significant reduction in
individual machining steps due to block change in the braking ramp of the single-axis
interpolation.
Note
Positioning axes are not suitable for multi-axis loaders that require interpolation between
the axes (path interpolator).
11.2.3 Concurrent positioning axis

Concurrent positioning axes are positioning axes with the following properties:
● Activation from the PLC need not take place at block limits, but can be implemented at any
time in any operating mode (even when a part program is already being processed in the
channel).
● Program command WAITP is required to move a concurrent positioning axis from the part
program immediately after power ON.
● The part program continues to run uninhibited, even if the concurrent positioning axis has
not reached the position defined by the PLC.
● An automatic axis change is possible, depending on the setting in the machine data
MD30552 $MA_AUTO_GET_TYPE.
● With programming commands:
– GET(<axis>) or WAITP(<axis>) becomes a concurrent positioning axis of the
channel axis again.
– "RELEASE (axis)" or WAITP(<axis>) is a channel axis that becomes a concurrent
axis under PLC control.
Activation from PLC

For SINUMERIK 840D sl, the concurrent positioning axis is activated via FC 18 from the PLC.
● Feedrate
For feedrate = 0, the feedrate is determined from the following machine data:
● Absolute dimensions (G90), incremental dimensions (G91)
Absolute dimensions along shortest path for rotary axes (<rotary axis
name>=DC(<value>))
The following functions are defined:
● Linear interpolation (G1)
● Feedrate in mm/min or degrees/min (G94)
Extended Functions
11.3 Motion behavior and interpolation functions
● Exact stop (G9)

● Settable zero offsets currently selected are valid
Applications
Typical applications for concurrent positioning axes include:
● Tool magazines with manual loading and unloading during machining
● Tool magazines with tool preparation during machining
11.3.1 Path interpolator and axis interpolator
Path interpolator
Every channel has a path interpolator for a wide range of interpolation modes such as linear
interpolation (G1), circular interpolation (G2/G3), spline interpolation etc.
Axis interpolator
Each channel has axis interpolators in addition to path interpolators. The maximum number
corresponds to the maximum number of existing channel axes.
If a positioning axis is programmed, an axis interpolator starts in the control with straight line
interpolation G1. This axis interpolator runs independently of the path interpolator until the
programmed end position of the positioning axis has been reached.
There is no time relationship between the path interpolator and the axis interpolator, nor
between the axis interpolators.
Path control mode (G64) is not possible with positioning axes.
The programmed end position of a positioning axis has been reached when the end-of-motion
criterion FINEA, COARSA or IPOENDA is fulfilled.
11.3.2 Interpolation response of path axis in G0

Path axes can be traversed in linear or non-linear interpolation mode in rapid traverse
movement (G0).
Extended Functions
Linear interpolation
Properties:
● The path axes are interpolated together.
● The tool movement programmed with G0 is executed at the highest possible speed (rapid
traverse).
● The rapid traverse velocity is defined separately for each axis in the following machine data:
MD32000 $MA_MAX_AX_VELO
● If the rapid traverse movement is executed simultaneously on several axes, the rapid
traverse speed is determined by the axis which requires the most time for its section of the
path.
Linear interpolation is always performed in the following cases:
● For a G-code combination with G0 that does not allow positioning axis motion, e.g.:
G40, G41, G42, G96, G961 and MD20750 $MC_ALLOW_G0_IN_G96 == FALSE
● With a combination of G0 with G64
● When a compressor or transformation is active
● In point-to-point (PTP) travel mode
● When a contour handwheel is selected (FD=0)
● In case of an active frame with rotation of geometry axes
● If nibbling is active for geometry axes
Non-linear interpolation
Properties:
● Each path axis interpolates as a single axis (positioning axis) independently of the other
axes at the rapid traverse velocity defined in the following machine data:
MD32000 $MA_MAX_AX_VELO
● The channel-specific delete distance-to-go command via the PLC and synchronized actions
is applied to all positioning axes that were programmed as path axes.
In non-linear interpolation, with reference to the axial jerk:
● The setting of the concerned positioning axes BRISKA, SOFTA, DRIVEA
or
● The setting in the machine data:
MD32420 $MA_JOG_AND_POS_JERK_ENABLE
and
MD32430 $MA_JOG_AND_POS_MAX_JERK
Extended Functions
The existing system variables which refer to the distance-to-go ($AC_PATH, $AC_PLTBB and
$AC_PLTEB) are supported.
CAUTION
Risk of collision
As traversal of another contour is possible with non-linear interpolation, synchronized actions
that refer to coordinates of the original path may not be active.
Selection of interpolation type

The interpolation type that should be effective for G0 is adjusted with the following machine
data:
MD20730 $MC_G0_LINEAR_MODE (interpolation response in G0)
Value Meaning
0 In the rapid traversing mode (G0) the non-linear interpolation is active.
Path axes are traversed as positioning axes.
1 In the rapid traversing mode (G0) the linear interpolation is active.
The path axes are interpolated together.
The desired interpolation response in G0 can also be programmed via the two following part
program commands, independently of the default:
RTLIOF Deactivating the linear interpolation.

⇒ In the rapid traversing mode (G0), the non-linear interpolation is active.
RTLION Activating the linear interpolation.
⇒ In the rapid traversing mode (G0), the linear interpolation is active.
The currently set interpolation response of the path axes with G0 can be queried with system
variable $AA_G0MODE.
Note
In both interpolation types, rapid override is channel-specific.
Extended Functions
11.3.3 Autonomous singleaxis operations
Functionality
Single PLC axes, command axes started via static synchronized actions or asynchronous
reciprocating axes can be interpolated independently of the NCK. An axis/spindle interpolated
by the main run then reacts independently of the NC program with respect to:
● NC stop
● Alarm handling
● Program control
● End of program
● RESET
Boundary conditions
Axes/spindles currently operating according to the NC program are not controlled by the PLC.
Command axis movements cannot be started via non-modal or modal synchronized actions
for PLC-controlled axes/spindles. Alarm 20143 is signaled.
Transfer axis control to the PLC
Description of the sequence

1. PLC → NCK: Request to control the axis
DB31, ... DBX28.7 = 1 (PLC controls axis)
2. NCK: Checks whether the axis is a main run axis or a neutral axis.
3. NCK: Checks whether an additional axis may be controlled from the PLC.
4. NCK confirms the transfer:
– DB31, ... DBX63.1 = 1 (PLC controls the axis)
– System variable $AA_SNGLAX_STAT = 1
Result: The PLC controls the axis/spindle.
Extended Functions
Alternatives
Initial state: The axis is controlled by the PLC. As a result of a channel stop, the channel is in
the "interrupted" state.
● Axis state "inactive" ⇒
– The stop state is canceled.
– If the axis is started, this directly results in axis motion.
● Axis state "active" ⇒
– The stop state is not canceled.
– Generate the axis state according to Use case 2 "Stop axis".
– Resume axis motion according to Use case 3 "Continue axis motion".
● A reset is performed in the channel ⇒
This process is asynchronous to control acceptance by the PLC. The two previously
mentioned alternatives can occur or the axis is assigned to the channel and is reset.
Boundary conditions
Axes/spindles, traversed by an NC program, cannot be transferred to the PLC. Axes/spindles,
which are traversed by static synchronized actions or as oscillating axis, as neutral axis,
concurrent positioning axis or command axis, can be transferred.
Relinquish axis control by the PLC

Description of the sequence:
1. PLC → NCK: The PLC returns axis control to the NCK
DB31, ... DBX28.7 = 0 (PLC controls axis)
2. NCK: Checks whether an axial alarm is present.
3. NCK: Checks whether a movement has been activated that has still not been completed?
If yes, then the movement is stopped with an axial stop according to Use case 2 "Stop axis/
spindle".
4. NCK: Carries out an axial reset corresponding to Use case 4 "Reset axis/spindle".
5. NCK confirms the acceptance:
DB31, ... DBX63.0 = 0 (reset executed)
DB31, ... DBX63.1 = 0 (PLC controls the axis)
DB31, ... DBX63.2 = 0 (axis stop active)
System variable $AA_SNGLAX_STAT = 0
Result: The NCK has now taken over control of the axis/spindle.
Alternatives
In the following cases the NCK confirms the transfer - but internally sets the "stopped" channel
state for the axis/spindle:
● The channel is in the "interrupted" state
● A stop alarm is active for the channel
● A stop alarm is active for the mode group
Extended Functions
Boundary conditions
The axis/spindle must be operating under PLC control.
The NCK confirms acceptance of an axis/spindle only if an axial alarm is not active.
Description of the sequence based on use cases
Requirement
The axis/spindle is controlled by the PLC
Relevant NC/PLC interface signals

One of the axes/spindles controlled by the PLC can be influenced by the following NC/PLC
interface signals independent of the NC program:
● DB31, ... DBX28.1 (reset)
For signal flow between the NCK and PLC at the NC/PLC interface during autonomous single
operations, see Section "Control by the PLC (Page 682)".
Use case 1: Cancel axis/spindle

The behavior when canceling the axis/spindle function is the same as for "delete distance-to-
go":
DB21, ... DBX6.2 = 1 (delete distance-to-go)
Use case 2: Stop axis/spindle

The following traversing motion of the axis/spindle controlled from the main run is stopped:
● PLC axis
● Asynchronous oscillating axis
● Command axis by static synchronized action
● Overlaid motion: $AA_OFF,DRF handwheel traversal, online tool offset and external zero
offset.
Following axis movements of the axis/spindle are not stopped.
Extended Functions

● PLC → NCK: Request to stop the axis/spindle
DB31, ... DBX28.6 = 1 (stop along braking ramp)
● NCK: Brakes the axis along a ramp.
● NCK confirms the execution:
– DB31, ... DBX60.6 = 1 (exact stop coarse)
– DB31, ... DBX60.7 = 1 (exact stop fine)
– DB31, ... DBX63.2 = 0 (axis stop active)
– DB31, ... DBX64.6 / 7 = 0 (traversing command minus/plus)
– Axis status interrupted with system variable $AA_SNGLAX_STAT == 3
Result: The axis/spindle is stopped.
Note
Following axis movements
Following axis movements can only be suppressed when the leading axis stops.
Retraction motion
Retraction motion triggered by the "Extended stop and retract" function cannot be stopped.
References
Function Description, Special Functions; Extended Stop and Retract (R3)
Use case 3: Continue axis/spindle

Traversing motion interrupted after Use case 2 "Stop axis" should be continued.

● PLC → NCK: Continue axis
DB31, ... DBX28.2 = 1 (continue)
● NCK: Checks whether for the axis/spindle an axial alarm with delete criterion
"CANCELCLEAR" or "NCSTARTCLEAR" is present? If yes, then this is deleted.
● NCK: Checks whether axis motion can be resumed? If yes, then the axis/spindle makes
the transition into the "active" state.
– DB31, ... DBX60.6 = 0 (exact stop coarse)
– DB31, ... DBX60.7 = 0 (exact stop fine)
– DB31, ... DBX64.6 / 7 = 1 (traversing command minus/plus)
– Axis state active with system variable $AA_SNGLAX_STAT == 4.
Result: Traversing motion of the axis/spindle is continued.
Extended Functions
Boundary conditions
In the following cases, the request to continue is ignored:
● The axis/spindle is not controlled by the PLC.
● The axis/spindle is not in the stopped state.
● An alarm is pending for the axis/spindle.
Use case 4: Reset axis/spindle (reset)

● PLC → NCK: Reset request for this axis/spindle
DB31, ... DBX28.1 = 1 (reset)
● NCK: Transitions the axis/spindle into the "stopped" state.
● NCK: Interrupts the stopped sequences and signals to the PLC the interruption - essentially
the same as for "Delete distance-to-go".
● NCK: The internal states for the axis/spindle are reset.
● NCK: The axial machine data effective at reset becomes active.
Note
In contrast to a reset due to DB31, ... DBX28.1 = 1 (reset), in conjunction with a channel
reset, no axial machine data is active for axes controlled from the PLC.

– DB31, ... DBX63.0 = 1 (reset executed)
– System variable $AA_SNGLAX_STAT = 1
● NCK: Ends this operation.
11.3.4 Autonomous single-axis functions with NC-controlled ESR
Extended stop numerically controlled

The numerically controlled extended stop and retract function is also available for single axes
and is configurable with axial machine data:
Delay time for ESR single axis with
MD37510 $MA_AX_ESR_DELAY_TIME1
ESR time for interpolatory braking of the single axis with
MD37511 $MA_AX_ESR_DELAY_TIME2
The values of these axial machine data are however effective only if the axis/spindle is a single
axis.
Extended Functions
The NC-controlled extended stop and retract is activated by the axial trigger
$AA_ESR_TRIGGER[axis]. It works analogously to $AC_ESR_TRIGGER and applies
exclusively to single axes.
References:
Function Manual, Special Functions; Coupled axes and ESR (M3)
Extended retract numerically controlled

For retracting single axes, the value must have been programmed via POLFA(axis, type, value)
and the following conditions must be met:
● The axis must be a single axis at the time of triggering
● $AA_ESR_ENABLE[axis]=1
● POLFA(axis, type, value) with type=1 or type=2 only
POLFA(axis, value, axis, type, axis type).
Note
NC-controlled extended stop for single axes:
The trigger is only effective if the axis is a single axis at the time of triggering, otherwise the
trigger is ignored and the axial stop for this axis is not executed.
NC-controlled extended retract for single axes:
The channel-specific NC-controlled extended retract function is not effective for single
axes. All axes that are single axes at the time of triggering $AC_ESR_TRIGGER will be
ignored for channel-specific retraction.
This also applies when all the parameters for retraction are set, such as:
MD37500 $MA_ESR_REACTION
$AA_ESR_ENABLE for the axis, etc.
Examples
Extended stopping of a single axis:
MD37500 $MA_ESR_REACTION[AX1]=22
MD37510 $MA_AX_ESR_DELAY_TIME1[AX1]=0.3
MD37511 $MA_AX_ESR_DELAY_TIME2[AX1]=0.06
...
$AA_ESR_ENABLE[AX1] = 1
$AA_ESR_TRIGGER[AX1]=1 ; axis begins to stop the process here
Extended retraction of a single axis:
MD37500 $MA_ESR_REACTION[AX1]=21
...
Extended Functions
11.4 Positioning axis dynamic response
$AA_ESR_ENABLE[AX1] = 1
POLFA(AX1, 1, 20.0); AX1 is assigned the axial retraction position 20.0 ; (absolute)
$AA_ESR_TRIGGER[AX1]=1 ; AX1 begins to retract here
POLFA(axis, type): permissible programming abbreviation
POLFA(axis, 0/1/2) ; quick deactivation/activation
WARNING
No preprocessing limitation
If abbreviated notation is used and only the type is changed, make sure that the value for the
retraction position or retraction path in the application is meaningful!
The abbreviated notation should only be used in exceptional circumstances.
This particularly applies after:
A power on, the retraction path or the retraction position must be reset.
POLFA(axis, 1, $AA_POLFA[axis]) ; causes a preprocessing stop
POLFA(axis, 1); does not cause a preprocessing stop
Velocity
The positioning axes traverse at the axis-specific feedrate programmed for them. As described
under "Motion behavior and interpolation functions (Page 660)", this feedrate is not influenced
by the path axes.
The feedrate is programmed as an axis-specific velocity in units of min/mm, inch/min or
degrees/min.
The axis-specific feedrate is always permanently assigned to a positioning axis by the axis
name.
If a positioning axis has no programmed feedrate, the control system automatically applies the
rate set in axis-specific machine data:
The programmed axis-specific feedrate is active until the end of the program.
Feedrate override
The path and positioning axes have separate feedrate overrides. Each positioning axis can
be adjusted by its own axis-specific feedrate override.
Extended Functions

Rapid traverse override applies only to path axes. Positioning axes have no rapid traverse
interpolation (only axial linear interpolation G01) and therefore no rapid traverse override.
Revolutional feedrate
In JOG mode the behavior of the axis/spindle also depends on the setting of SD41100
JOG_REV_IS_ACTIVE (revolutional feedrate when JOG active).
● If this setting data is active, an axis/spindle is always moved with revolutional feedrate
MD32050 $MA_JOG_REV_VELO (revolutional feedrate with JOG) or MD32040
$MA_JOG_REV_VELO_RAPID (revolutional feedrate with JOG with rapid traverse overlay)
as a function of the master spindle.
● If the setting data is not active, the behavior of the axis/spindle depends on SD43300
$SA_ASSIG_FEED_PER_REV_SOURCE (revolutional feedrate for positioning axes/
spindles)
● If the setting data is not active, the behavior of a geometry axis on which a frame with
rotation is effective depends on the channel-specific setting data SD42600
$SC_JOG_FEED_PER_REV_SOURCE. (In the operating mode JOG, revolutional feedrate
for geometry axes on which a frame with rotation is effective.)
Maximum axial acceleration

With positioning axis motions, one of the two following maximum values is effective depending
on the set positioning axis dynamic response mode:
● MD32300 $MA_MAX_AX_ACCEL [0] (maximum axial acceleration for path motions in the
dynamic response mode DYNNORM)
● MD32300 $MA_MAX_AX_ACCEL [1] (maximum axial acceleration for path motions in the
dynamic response mode DYNPOS)
The positioning axis dynamic response mode is set in the NC-specific machine data:
<mode> Meaning
0 Effective maximum axial acceleration: MD32300 $MA_MAX_AX_ACCEL[ 0 ]
1 Effective maximum axial acceleration: MD32300 $MA_MAX_AX_ACCEL[ 1 ]
Maximum axial jerk

When traversing positioning axes with active jerk limitation, the value from one of the following
machine data takes effect as maximum axial jerk:
● MD32430 $MA_JOG_AND_POS_MAX_JERK (maximum axial jerk for positioning axis
motions)
● MD32431 $MA_MAX_AX_JERK [0] (maximum axial jerk for path motions in the dynamic
response mode DYNNORM)
● MD32431 $MA_MAX_AX_JERK [1] (maximum axial jerk for path motions in the dynamic
response mode DYNPOS)
Extended Functions
11.5 Programming
The machine data to be used is determined by the set positioning axis dynamic response mode:
<mode> Meaning
The following is effective as maximum axial jerk for positioning axis motions:
0 MD32430 $MA_JOG_AND_POS_MAX_JERK
With active G75 (fixed-point approach): MD32431 $MA_MAX_AX_JERK[0]
1 MD32431 $MA_MAX_AX_JERK[1]
11.5 Programming
11.5.1 General
Note
For the programming of position axes, please observe the following documentation:
References:
Programming Manual Basics; Section: "feed rate control" and "spindle motion"
Note
The maximum number of positioning axes that can be programmed in a block is limited to the
maximum number of available channel axes.
Definition
Positioning axes are defined using the following parameters:
● Axis type: Positioning axis type 1, type 2 or type 3
● End point coordinates (in absolute dimensions or in incremental dimensions)
● Feedrate for linear axes in [mm/min], for rotary axes in [degrees/min]
Example: Positioning axis type 1

POS[Q1]=200 FA[Q1]=1000 ; Axis Q1 with feedrate 1000mm/min at Position 200.
Example: Positioning axis type 2

POSA[Q2]=300 FA[Q2]=1500 ; Axis Q2 with feedrate 1,500mm/min at Position 300.
Extended Functions
11.5 Programming
Note
Within a part program, an axis can be a path axis or a positioning axis. Within a movement
block, however, each axis must be assigned a unique axis type.
Programming in synchronized action

Axes can be positioned completely asynchronous to the part program from synchronized
actions.
Example:

ID=1 WHENEVER $R==1 DO POS[Q4]=10 FA[Q3]=990 ; The axial feedrate is specified permanent-
ly.
References:
Block change
The block change can be adjusted for positioning axis types 1 and 2 with:
FINEA=<axis name> or
FINEA[<axis name>]
COARSEA=<axis name> or
COARSEA[<axis name>]
IPOENDA=<axis name> or
IPOENDA[<axis name>]
In Type 3 positioning axis, the block change within the brake ramp of the single interpolation
can be set with:
IPOBRKA=<axis name> or
IPOBRKA(<axis name>[,<instant in time*>])
* Instant in time of the block change, referred to the braking ramp as a %
Absolute dimension / incremental dimension

The programming of the end point coordinates takes place in absolute dimension (G90) or in
incremental dimension (G91).
Example Meaning
Programming the end point coordinates
G90 POS[Q1]=200 In absolute dimension
G91 POS[Q1]=AC(200) In absolute dimension
G91 POS[Q1]=200 In incremental dimension
G90 POS[Q1]=IC(200) In incremental dimension
Extended Functions
11.5 Programming
Reprogram type 2 positioning axes

With type 2 positioning axes (motion across block limits), you need to be able to detect in the
part program whether the positioning axis has reached its end position. Only then is it possible
to reprogram this positioning axis (otherwise an alarm is issued).
If POSA and then POSA again with IPOBRKA (block change in the braking ramp) is
programmed, an alarm is not issued. For more information, please refer to NC command
IPOBKA in Section "Settable block change time".
Coordination (WAITP)
The coordination command WAITP enables you to designate a position in the NC program
where the program is to wait until an axis programmed with POSA in a previous NC block has
reached its end position.
WAITP exists in an internal block.
An explicit reference must be made to any axis for which the program is to wait.
Example:

N10 G01 G90 X200 F1000 POSA[Q1]=200 FA[Q1]=500
N15 X400
N20 WAITP(Q1) ; The program processing
is stopped automatically
until Q1 is at position.
N25 X600 POS[Q1]=300 ; Q1 is a positioning axis
of Type 1 (feedrate
FA[Q1] from block N10).
N30 X800 Q1=500 ; Q1 is path axis (path
feed F1000 from block
N10).
Tool offset
A tool length compensation for positioning axes can be implemented by means of an axial zero
offset, allowing, for example, the positioning path of a loader to be altered. An example where
the axial zero offset might be used in place of the tool length compensation is where a loader
containing tools of various dimensions has to bypass an obstacle.
End of program
The program end (program status selected) is delayed until all axes (path axes + positioning
axes) have reached their programmed end points.
11.5.2 Revolutional feed rate in external programming

The two following setting data can be used to specify that the revolutional feed rate of a
positioning axis should be derived from another rotary axis/spindle:
Extended Functions
11.6 Block change
SD43300 $SA_ASSIGN_FEED_PER_REV_SOURCE(revolutional feed rate for position axes/

spindles)
SD42600 JOG_FEED_PER_REV_SOURCE (control of revolutional feed rate in JOG)
The following settings are possible:
Value Description
0 No revolutional feed rate selected
>0 The revolutional feed rate is derived from the round axis/spindle with the machine axis index
specified here.
-1 The revolutional feed rate is derived from the master spindle of the channel in which the
axis/spindle is active.
-2 The revolutional feed rate is derived from the rotary axis/spindle with the machine axis index
0.
-3 The revolutional feed rate is derived from the master spindle of the channel in which the
axis/spindle is active. No revolutional feed rate is selected if the master spindle is at a
standstill.
11.6 Block change

Since path and positioning axes are interpolated separately, they reach their programmed end
positions at different instants in time. If path and positioning axes are programmed in a block
together, then the block change behavior depends on the programmable type of positioning
axes.
Type 1: Block-related positioning axis

Properties:
● The block change is performed as soon as all path and positioning axes have reached
their respective programmed end-of-motion criterion:
– Path axes: G601, G602, G603
– Positioning axes: FINEA, COARSA, IPOENDA
● Programming the positioning axis: POS[<axis>]
Extended Functions
11.6 Block change
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Note
Continuous path mode
Continuous path mode across block limits (G64) is only possible if the positioning axes reach
their end-of-motion criterion before the path axes (in the diagram above, this is not the case).
Type 2: Modal positioning axis (across blocks)

Properties:
● The block change is performed as soon as all path axes have reached their programmed
end-of-motion criterion (G601, G602, G603)
● Programming the positioning axis: POSA[<axis>]
● The positioning axis traverses beyond the block limits to its programmed end position. It is
not permissible that the positioning axis is programmed again before reaching its end-of-
motion criterion.
Extended Functions
11.6 Block change
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11.6.1 Settable block change time
Type 3: Conditional block-related positioning axis

Properties:
● The block change is performed as soon as all path and positioning axes have reached
their respective programmed end-of-motion criterion:
– Path axes: G601, G602, G603
– Positioning axes: IPOBRKA
● Programming the positioning axis:
– N(x) IPOBRK(<axis>[,<instant in time>]) ;own block
– N(x+1) POS[<axis>]
Extended Functions
11.6 Block change
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Block change criterion: "Braking ramp" (IPOBRKA)

If, when activating the block change criterion "brake ramp", a value is programmed for the
optional parameter <instant in time>, then this becomes effective for the next positioning
motion and is written into the setting data synchronized to the main run. If no value is specified
for the block change instant in time, then the actual value of the setting data is effective.
SD43600 $SA_IPOBRAKE_BLOCK_EXCHANGE
The time at which the block change can be realized is specified as a percentage of the braking
ramp:
● 100% = start of the braking ramp
● 0% = end of the braking ramp, the same significance as block change criterion IPOENDA
Programming
IPOBRKA(<axis>[,<instant in time>])
IPOBRKA: Block change criterion: Deceleration ramp

Effective: Modal
<axis>: Channel axis name (X, Y, ....)
Extended Functions
11.6 Block change
<instant in time>: Time of the block change, referred to the braking ramp as a %:
● 100% = start of the braking ramp
● 0% = end of the braking ramp, the same significance as
IPOENDA
Type: REAL
IPOBRKA is deactivated for the corresponding access when an axis end-of-motion criterion
(FINEA, COARSEA , IPOENDA ) is next programmed for the axis.
Additional block change criterion: "Tolerance window" (ADISPOSA)

A tolerance window around the end of block (either as actual or setpoint position) can be
defined as additional block change criterion. Then, two conditions must be fulfilled for the block
change:
● Block change criterion: "Braking ramp"
● Block change criterion: "Tolerance window"
Programming
ADISPOSA(<axis>[,<mode>,<window size>])
ADISPOSA: Tolerance window for end-of-motion criterion

Effective: Modal
<axis>: Channel axis name (X, Y, ....)
<mode>: Reference of the tolerance window
Type: INT
Value range: 0 Tolerance window not active
1 Tolerance window with respect to the set‐
point position
2 Tolerance window with respect to actual po‐
sition
<window size>: Size of the tolerance window
Type: REAL
System variable for end-of-motion criterion

The effective end-of-motion criterion can be read using the system variable $AA_MOTEND.
Extended Functions
11.6 Block change
References: Parameter Manual, Book 2
Note
Information about other programmable end-of-motion criteria FINEA, COARESA, IPOENDA
can be found in:
References: Function Manual, Basic Functions
● Spindles (S1), Section "Spindle modes"
● Feedrates (V1), Programmable dynamic response of single axis section
Premature block change

A premature block change is not possible in the following cases:
● Oscillating axis
During oscillation with partial infeed, the block-specific oscillation motion must remain active
until the axis with partial infeed has reached its final position.
● Handwheel
For handwheel input, the last set end-of-motion criterion applies.
Changing the axis state

The axis for which a block change occurred within the braking ramp can only be programmed
in the following block in the same axis state.
When the axis state changes, e.g. to POSfollowed by SPOS, the last programmed end-of-motion
criterion FINEA, COARSEA, IPOENDA is active. This also applies in the following cases:
● a positioning axis becomes a path axis
● if the program waits for the end of the positioning movement: WAITP, M30, end of the
technology cycle, preprocessing stop
● Velocity override is deactivated or activated
Note
For further information about programming positioning axes, see:
References:
Programming Manual, Fundamentals, Section "Feedrate control and spindle motion"
Programming Manual, Advanced, Section "Special motion commands"
Examples
Block change criteria "braking ramp" in the part program

; Default setting is effective.
Extended Functions
11.6 Block change

N10 POS[X]=100 ; Positioning motion from X to position 100.
; Block change criterion: "Exact stop fine"
N20 IPOBRKA(X,100) ; Block change criterion: "Braking ramp", 100% = start of the
braking ramp.
N30 POS[X]=200 ; The block is changed as soon as the X axis starts to brake.
N40 POS[X]=250 ; Axis X does not brake at position 200, but moves further to
position 250. As soon as the axis starts to brake, the
block is changed.
N50 POS[X]=0 ; Axis X brakes and returns to position 0,
the block change is realized at position 0 and "exact stop
fine".
N60 X10 F100 ; Axis X traverses as path axis to position 10.
N70 M30
Block change criterion "braking ramp" in synchronized action

In the technology cycle:

FINEA ; End-of-motion criterion: "Exact stop fine"
N10 POS[X]=100 ; The technology cycle block change is realized if the X axis
has reached position 100 and "exact stop fine" is reached.
N20 IPOBRKA(X,100) ; Block change criterion, activate "braking ramp",
100% = start of the braking ramp.
N30 POS[X]=200 ; The technology cycle block is changed as soon as the X axis
starts to brake.
block change is realized in the technology cycle.
fine".
N60 M17
Block change criterion "braking ramp" and "tolerance window" in the part program

; Default setting is effective.
N10 POS[X]=100 ; Positioning motion from X to position 100.
; Block change criterion: "Exact stop fine"
N20 IPOBRKA(X,100) ; Block change criterion: "Braking ramp", 100% = start of the
braking ramp.
N21 ADISPOSA(X,1,0.5) ; Tolerance window: 1 = setpoint position, tolerance = 0.5
N30 POS[X]=200 ; The block is changed as soon as the X axis starts to brake.
block is changed.
Extended Functions
11.6 Block change

fine".
N60 X10 F100
N70 M30
Block change criterion "braking ramp" and "tolerance window" in synchronized action
In the technology cycle:

FINEA ; End-of-motion criterion: "Exact stop fine"
N10 POS[X]=100 ; The technology cycle block change is realized if the X axis
has reached position 100 and "exact stop fine" is reached.
N20 IPOBRKA(X,100) ; Block change criterion, activate "braking ramp",100% =
start of the braking ramp.
N21 ADISPOSA(X,2,0.3) ; Tolerance window: 2 = actual position, tolerance = 0.3
N30 POS[X]=200 ; Technology cycle block change is realized as soon as the X
axis starts to brake and the actual position of the X axis
>= 199.7.
N40 POS[X]=250 ; X axis does not brake at position 200, but moves further to
position 250. As soon as the X axis starts to brake and the
position of the X axis >= 249.7, the block change is real-
ized in the technology cycle.
fine".
N60 M17
IPOBRKA(X) could also be written into the N20 blocks without specifying the instant in time,
if the corresponding value has already been entered into the setting data:
SD43600 $SA_IPOBRAKE_BLOCK_EXCHANGE[X] == 100
See also
Control by the PLC (Page 682)
11.6.2 End of motion criterion with block search
Last block serves as container

The last end-of-motion criterion programmed for an axis is collected and output in an action
block. The last block with a programmed motion end condition that was processed in the search
run serves as a container for setting all axes.
Extended Functions
11.7 Control by the PLC
Example
For two action blocks with end-of-motion criteria for three axes:

N01 G01 POS[X]=20 POS[Y]=30
IPOENDA[X] ; Last programmed IPOENDA end-of-mo-
tion criterion
N02 IPOBRKA(Y, 50) ; Second action block for the Y axis
IPOENDA
N03 POS[Z]=55 FINEA[Z] ; Second action block for the Z axis FI-
NEA
N04 $A_OUT[1]=1 ; First action block for output as dig-
ital output
N05 POS[X]=100 ;
N06 IPOBRKA(X, 100) ; Second action block for the X axis
IPOBRKA container
... ; For all programmed end-of-motion cri-
teria
TARGET: ; Block search target
The first action block contains the digital output:

$A_OUT[1] = 1.
The second action block contains the settings for the end-of-motion criteria:
for the X axis IPOBRKA / $SA_IPOBRAKE_BLOCK_EXCHANGE[AX1]=100
for the Y axis IPOBRKA / $SA_IPOBRAKE_BLOCK_EXCHANGE[AX2]=50
for the Z axis FINEA. The motion end condition IPOENDA last programmed is also stored for
the X axis.
PLC axes
PLC axes are traversed from the PLC and can move asynchronously to all other axes. The
travel motions are executed separate from the path and synchronized actions.
Reference:
Function Manual, Basic Functions; Basic PLC Program for SINUMERIK 840D sl (P3) or PLC
for SINUMERIK 828D (P4)
Concurrent positioning axes

Using function block FC18, for SINUMERIK 840D sl concurrent positioning axes can be started
from the PLC.
Extended Functions
Channel-specific signals
All channel-specific signals act to the same extent on path and positioning axes.
Only the following signals are an exception:
● IS DB21, ... DBB4 ("Feedrate override")
● IS DB21, ... DBX6.2 ("Delete distance to go")
Axisspecific signals
Positioning axes have the following additional signals:
● IS DB31, ... DBX76.5 ("Positioning axis")
● Feedrate for positioning axes/spindles (FA)
● IS DB31, ... DBB0 ("Feedrate override") axis-specific
● IS DB31, ... DBX2.2 ("Distance to go/Spindle reset") Axis-specific deletion of distance to go
Single-axis functions of PLC-controlled axes

The behavior of individual PLC axes can be manipulated in the following way with machine
data:
MD30460 $MA_BASE_FUNCTION_MASK
:
● Bit 4 = 1
The axis is exclusively controlled by the PLC.
● Bit 5 = 1
The axis is a permanently assigned PLC axis.
● Bit 6 = 1
The channel-specific NC/PLC interface signal:
DB21, ... DBX6.0 ("feed disable")
is not active for the axis if this is a PLC-controlled axis.
● Bit 7= 1
The channel-specific NC/PLC interface signal:
DB21, ... DBX36.3 ("all axes stationary")
is setindependently of an axis if this is a PLC-controlled axis.
For a PLC-controlled axis:
● The channel-specific NC/PLC interface signal DB21, ... DBX6.0 ("feed disable"), is active
if bit 6 = 0 in machine data MD30460 $MA_BASE_FUNCTION_MASK.
● The channel-specific NC/PLC interface signal DB21, ... DBX36.3 ("all axes stationary") is
only set if bit 7 = 0 in machine data MD30460 $MA_BASE_FUNCTION_MASK.
If an attempt is made to assign an exclusively PLC-controlled axis to the NC program or to
request the axis for the NC program, then this is rejected with Alarm 26075. Alarm 26076 is
generated in the same way for a PLC axis with fixed assignment.
A PLC axis with fixed assignment is a "neutral axis" on power up. For a travel request via the
NC/PLC interface, a concurrent positioning axis automatically changes to a PLC axis without
being interchanged beforehand.
Extended Functions
Axis replacement via PLC

The type of an axis for axis replacement is transferred to the PLC with axial interface byte
NCK→PLC NST DB31, ... DBB68 (see alsop Section "K5: Channel synchronization, axis
interchange (Page 351)"):
● IS DB31, ... DBX68.0-68.3 ("NC axis/spindle in channel") channels 1 to 10
● IS DB31, ... DBX68.4 ("new type requested by PLC")
● IS DB31, ... DBX68.5 ("axis can be replaced")
● IS DB31, ... DBX68.6 ("neutral axis/spindle")
● IS DB31, ... DBX68.7 ("PLC axis/spindle")
If IS DB31, ... DBX68.5 ("axis can be replaced") = 1, an axis replacement request can be issued
from the PLC.
11.7.1 Starting concurrent positioning axes from the PLC

Traversing an axis in the NC as competing positioning axes from the PLC user program is
realized using block FC18:
The following functions are defined:
● Linear interpolation (G01)
● Feedrate in mm/min or degrees/min (G94)
● Exact stop (G09)
● The active adjustable work offsets are taken into account
Since each axis is assigned to exactly one channel, the control can select the correct channel
from the axis name/axis number and start the concurrent positioning axis on this channel.
References
Function Manual Basic Functions; Chapter "P3: Basic PLC program for SINUMERIK 840D sl"
> Block descriptions" > "FC18: SpinCtrl Spindle control"
11.7.2 PLC-controlled axes
PLC actions
The table below compares the following PLC actions as response of the NC for a machine
axis:
● Start machine axis as PLC axis using FC18
● Initiate NC start or NC stop
● Axis-specific STOP, RESUME or RESET
● Trigger NC-RESET
Extended Functions
● Cancel or set controller enable for the machine axis

● Relinquish control of machine axis to NC
Examples of NC responses
PLC actions as response of the NC are listed in the table below.
PLC actions NC response

Machine axis AX1 is the channel axis in channel
1, start as PLC axis using FC18
Initiate NC stop axes and spindles AX1 is stopped.
DB21, ... DBX7.4 = 1 (NC stop axes plus spindle)
DB21, ... DBX7.1 = 1 initiate (NC start) AX1 continues to traverse.
The PLC wants to control AX1, Checking AX1 is relinquished to the PLC. DB31, ...
DB31, ... DBX28.7 = 1 (PLC controls axis) DBX63.1 = 1 (PLC controls the axis)
Initiate NC stop for axes and spindles AX1 is not stopped.
DB21, ... DBX7.4 = 1 ("NC stop axes plus spindle")
Initiate axial stop AX1 is stopped
DB31, ... DBX28.6 = 1 (stop along braking ramp) DB31, ... DBX63.2 ==1 (axis stop active)
Initiate axial continuation AX1 traverses further
DB31, ... DBX28.2 = 1 (continue) DB31, ... DBX63.2 == 0 (axis stop active)
Initiate NC RESET No effect on AX1
DB21, ... DBX7.7 = 1 initiate (reset)
Initiate axial reset AX1 is stopped and the traversing motion is inter‐
DB31, ... DBX28.1 = 1 (reset) rupted:
● DB31, ... DBX63.2 = 0 (axis stop active)
● Read-in axial machine data
● DB31, ... DBX63.0 = 1 (reset executed)
● DB31, ... DBX63.2 = 0 (axis stop active)
Start machine axis AX1 as PLC axis via FC 18 DB31, ... DBX63.0 = 0 (reset executed)
Withdraw controller enable for AX1: Alarm 21612 "Axis %1 measuring system change"
DB31, ... DBX2.1 = 0 (controller enable) is displayed
Initiate axial continuation ● Alarm 21612 "Axis %1 measuring system
DB31, ... DBX28.2 = 1 (continue) change" is deleted
● DB21, ... DBX40.7 = 1(traversing command
plus)
● AX1 does not traverse due to a missing
controller enable signal.
Set controller enable for AX1 AX1 moves to the programmed end point.
DB31, ... DBX2.1 = 1 (controller enable)
Extended Functions
PLC actions NC response

Initiate axial reset ● Stop AX1
DB31, ... DBX28.1 = 1 (reset) ● Read-in axial machine data
● DB31, ... DBX63.0 = 0 (reset)
PLC relinquishes control of AX1 to the NC from ● NCK accepts control of machine axis
DB31, ... DBX28.7 = 0 (PLC controls axis) ● DB31, ... DBX63.1 = 0 (PLC controls the axis)
● DB31, ... DBX63.0 = 0 (reset)
11.7.3 Control response of PLC-controlled axes
Response to channel reset, NEWCONFIG, block search and MD30460
Table 11-1
Control response to PLC-controlled axis

Mode change and NC program control work independently of axis.
Channel RESET No axial machine data are effective and a travers‐
ing movement is not aborted.
NEWCONFIG No axial machine data are effective.
Block search Type 5 SERUPRO are processed during SERUPRO to simulate the
normal procedure, e.g. PLC takes over or relin‐
quishes control of this axis which is also traversing
via the PLC.
All block search variants The PLC takes over control of the axis before the
of types 1, 2, 4 and 5 approach block and is responsible for positioning
this axis.
NC-controlled retraction activated with has no effect and acts only on the specified PLC-
$AC_ESR_TRIGGER. controlled axis.
machine data: which is not controlled
MD30460 $MA_BASE_FUNKTION_MASK exclusively by the PLC
Bit 4 = 0 cannot be changed directly with axis replacement
command GET (axis) or AXTOCHAN(axis, chan‐
nel) to an axis controlled by the NC program, see
* Note on axis replacement.
Bit 4 = 1 cannot be requested for the NC program. GET or
AXTOCHAN from the NC program or a synchron‐
ized action, or programming the axis in the NC
program, are rejected with alarm 26075.
MD30460 $MA_BASE_FUNKTION_MASK For the PLC-controlled axis
Extended Functions
11.8 Response with special functions
Control response to PLC-controlled axis

Bit 6 = 1 channel-specific
IS DB 21, ... DBX6.0 ("feed disable") is not effec‐
tive. This axis is not stopped when feed disable is
activated, but continues to move.
Bit 7 = 1 the axis is not taken into account when
IS DB 21, ... DBX36.3 ("all axes stationary") is
generated. This signal is output with 1 even if all
other axes in the channel are stationary and only
the PLC-controlled axis is active.
* Note on axis replacement

This replacement of a "neutral axis" by an "NC program axis" does not take place until the PLC
has really relinquished control of the axis in accordance with use case "Relinquish control of
axis". Waiting for this axis interchange is displayed on the HMI operator panel front.
11.8 Response with special functions
11.8.1 Dry run (DRY RUN)

The dry run feedrate is also effective for positioning axes unless the programmed feedrate is
larger than the dry run feedrate.
Activation of the dry run feed entered in SD42100 $SA_DRY_RUN_FEED can be controlled
with SD42101 $SA_DRY_RUN_FEED_MODE. See
References:
11.8.2 Single block
Positioning axis type 1

Single-block mode is effective with positioning axes of type 1.

Positioning axes of type 2 also continue across block limits in single block mode.

Positioning axes of type 3 also continue across block limits in single block mode.
Extended Functions
11.9 Examples
11.9 Examples
11.9.1 Motion behavior and interpolation functions
In the following example, the two positioning axes Q1 and Q2 represent two separate units of
movement. There is no interpolation relationship between the two axes. In the example, the
positioning axes are programmed as type 1 (e.g. in N20) and type 2 (e.g. in N40).
Program example
Program code
N10 G90 G01 G40 T0 D0 M3 S1000
N20 X100 F1000 POS[Q1]=200 POS[Q2]=50 FA[Q1]=500
FA[Q2]=2000
N30 POS[Q2]=80
N40 X200 POSA[Q1] = 300 POSA[Q2]=200] FA[Q1]=1500
N45 WAITP[Q2]
N50 X300 POSA[Q2]=300
N55 WAITP[Q1]
N60 POS[Q1]=350
N70 X400
N75 WAITP[Q1, Q2]
N80 G91 X100 POS[Q1]=150 POS[Q2]=80
N90 M30
4
4
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Figure 11-4 Timing of path axes and positioning axes
Extended Functions
11.10 Data lists
11.9.1.1 Traversing path axes without interpolation with G0
Example in G0 for positioning axes

Path axes traverse as positioning axes with no interpolation in rapid traverse mode (G0):

; Activation of nonlinear
; Interpolation
; MD20730 $MC_GO_LINEAR_MODE == FALSE
; is set
G0 X0 Y10 ; axis traverses without interpolation
G0 G43 X20 Y20 ; axis traverses in path mode (with interpolation)
; Traversing
G0 G64 X30 Y30 ; axis traverses in path mode (with interpolation)
; Traversing
G0 G95 X100 Z100 m3 s100 ; axis traverses without interpolation
; no revolutional feedrate active
11.10 Data lists
11.10.1 Machine data
11.10.1.1 NC-specific machine data

18960 POS_DYN_MODE Type of positioning axis dynamic response

20730 G0_LINEAR_MODE Interpolation behavior with G0
20732 EXTERN_G0_LINEAR_MODE Interpolation behavior with G00
22240 AUXFU_F_SYNC_TYPE Output timing of F functions
Extended Functions
11.10 Data lists

30450 IS_CONCURRENT_POS_AX Concurrent positioning axis
30460 BASE_FUNCTION_MASK Axis functions
32060 POS_AX_VELO Feedrate for positioning axis
32300 MAX_AX_ACCEL Maximum axis acceleration
32430 JOG_AND_POS_MAX_JERK Maximum axial jerk for positioning axis movements
32431 MAX_AX_JERK Maximum axial jerk for path movements
37510 AX_ESR_DELAY_TIME1 Delay time for ESR single axis
37511 AX_ESR_DELAY_TIME2 ESR time for interpolatory braking of single axis
11.10.2 Setting data

43600 IPOBRAKE_BLOCK_EXCHANGE Braking ramp block change condition
43610 ADISPOSA_VALUE Braking ramp tolerance window
11.10.3 Signals

feed disable DB21, ... .DBX6.0 DB320x.DBX6.0
NC Start DB21, ... .DBX7.1 DB320x.DBX7.1
NC stop axes plus spindle DB21, ... .DBX7.4 DB320x.DBX7.4
Reset DB21, ... .DBX7.7 DB320x.DBX7.7

All axes stationary DB21, ... .DBX36.3 DB330x.DBX4.3
Travel command minus DB21, ... .DBX40.6 DB330x.DBX1000.6
Travel command plus DB21, ... .DBX40.7 DB330x.DBX1000.7
Extended Functions
11.10 Data lists

Feedrate override, axis-specific DB31, ... .DBB0 DB380x.DBB0
Controller enable DB31, ... .DBX2.1 DB380x.DBX2.1
Delete distance-to-go spindle reset for specific axes DB31, ... .DBX2.2 DB380x.DBX2.2
Reset DB31, ... .DBX28.1 DB380x.DBX5004.1
Continue DB31, ... .DBX28.2 DB380x.DBX5004.2
Stop along braking ramp DB31, ... .DBX28.6 DB380x.DBX5004.6
PLC-controlled axis DB31, ... .DBX28.7 DB380x.DBX5004.7

Exact stop coarse DB31, ... .DBX60.6 DB390x.DBX0.6
Exact stop fine DB31, ... .DBX60.7 DB390x.DBX0.7
Axial alarm DB31, ... .DBX61.1 DB390x.DBX1.1
Axis ready (AX_IS_READY) DB31, ... .DBX61.2 DB390x.DBX1.2
Axis container rotation active DB31, ... .DBX62.7 -
Reset executed DB31, ... .DBX63.0 DB390x.DBX3.0
Axis stop active DB31, ... .DBX63.2 DB390x.DBX3.2
Axis/spindle inhibit active DB31, ... .DBX63.3 DB390x.DBX3.3
Travel command minus DB31, ... .DBX64.6 DB390x.DBX4.6
Travel command plus DB31, ... .DBX64.7 DB390x.DBX4.7
Positioning axis DB31, ... .DBX76.5 DB390x.DBX1002.5
F function (feedrate) for positioning axis DB31, ... .DBB78-81 -
Emergency retraction active DB31, ... .DBX98.7 DB390x.DBX5002.7
Extended Functions
11.10 Data lists
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation 12
Definition
When the "Oscillation" function is selected, an oscillation axis oscillates backwards and
forwards at the programmed feedrate or a derived feedrate (revolutional feedrate) between
two reversal points. Several oscillation axes can be active at the same time.
Oscillation variants
Oscillation functions can be classified according to the axis response at reversal points and
with respect to infeed:
● Asynchronous oscillation across block boundaries
During reciprocating movement, other axes can interpolate at will. The oscillation axis can
act as the input axis for dynamic transformation or as the master axis for gantry or coupled-
motion axes. Oscillation is not automatically linked to the AUTOMATIC mode.
● Oscillation with continuous infeed.
Simultaneous infeed in multiple axes is possible. However, there is no interpolative
connection between the infeed and oscillation movements.
● Oscillation with infeed in both reversal points or only in the left-hand or right-hand reversal
point. The infeed can be initiated at a programmable distance from the reversal point.
● Sparking-out strokes after oscillation.
● Beginning and end of oscillation at defined positions.
Response at reversal points

The change in direction is initiated:
● without the exact stop limit being reached (exact stop fine or coarse)
● After reaching the programmed position or
● after the programmed position is reached and expiry of a dwell.
● by an external signal (from the PLC).
Control methods
Oscillation movements can be controlled by various methods:
● The oscillation movement and/or infeed can be interrupted by delete distance-to-go.
● The reversal points can be altered via NC program, PLC, HMI, handwheel or directional
keys.
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
12.2 Asynchronous oscillation
● The feedrate velocity of the oscillation axis can be altered through a value input in the NC
program, PLC, HMI or via an override. The feedrate can be programmed to be dependent
on a master spindle, rotary axis or spindle (revolutional feedrate).
References:
● The oscillation movement can be controlled entirely by the PLC.
Methods of oscillation control

There are two modes of oscillation:
1. Asynchronous oscillation:
Is active across block boundaries and can also be started from the PLC/HMI.
2. Oscillation by synchronized movement actions:
In this case the asynchronous oscillation and an infeed movement are coupled via
synchronized actions. In this way, it is possible to program oscillation with infeed at the
reversal points which is active on a non-modal basis.
Characteristics
The characteristics of asynchronous oscillation are as follows:
● The oscillation axis oscillates backwards and forwards between reversal points at the
specified feedrate until the oscillation movement is deactivated or until there is an
appropriate response to a supplementary condition. If the oscillation axis is not positioned
at reversal point 1 when the movement is started, then it traverses to this point first.
● Linear interpolation G01 is active for the oscillation axis regardless of the G code currently
valid in the program. Alternately, revolutional feedrate G95 can be activated.
● Asynchronous oscillation is active on an axis-specific basis beyond block limits.
● Several oscillation axes (i.e. maximum number of positioning axes) can be active at the
same time.
● During the oscillation movement, axes other than the oscillation axis can be freely
interpolated. A continuous infeed can be achieved via a path movement or with a positioning
axis. In this case, however, there is no interpolative connection between the oscillation and
infeed movements.
● If the PLC does not have control over the axis, then the axis is treated like a normal
positioning axis during asynchronous oscillation. In the case of PLC control, the PLC
program must ensure via the appropriate stop bits of the NC/PLC interface that the axis
reacts in the desired way to NC/PLC interface signals. These NC/PLC interface signals
also include end of program, operating mode change and single block.
● The oscillation axis can act as the input axis for the transformations (e.g. inclined axis, see
Section "M1: Kinematic transformation (Page 387)").
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
● The oscillation axis can act as the master axis for gantry and coupled motion axes.
References:
Function Manual, Special Functions; Gantry Axes (G1)
● It is possible to traverse the axis with jerk limitation (SOFT) and/or with kneeshaped
acceleration characteristic (as for positioning axes).
● In addition to this, the oscillation movement can be activated in synchronism with the block
via the part program.
● The oscillation movement can likewise be started, influenced and stopped from the PLC/
HMI.
● Interpolatory oscillation is not possible (e.g. oblique oscillation).
12.2.1 Influences on asynchronous oscillation
Setting data
The setting data required for oscillation can be set with special language commands in the
NCK part program, via the HMI and/or the PLC.
Feedrate
The feed velocity for the oscillation axis is selected or programmed as follows:
● The velocity defined for the axis as a positioning axis is used as the feed velocity. This
value can be programmed via FA[axis] and has a modal action. If no velocity is
programmed, then the value stored in machine data POS_AX_VELO is used (see also
Section "P2: Positioning axes (Page 653)").
● When an oscillation movement is in progress, the feed velocity of the oscillation axis can
be altered via setting data. It can be specified via the part program and setting data whether
the changed velocity must take effect immediately or whether it should be activated at the
next reversal point.
● The feedrate can be influenced by the override (axial NC/PLC interface signal and
programmable).
● If Dry Run is active, the dry run velocity setting is applied if it is higher than the currently
programmed velocity.
Activation of the dry run feed entered in SD42100 $SC_DRY_RUN_FEED can be controlled
with SD42101 $SC_DRY_RUN_FEED_MODE.
References:
● The velocity overlay / path overlay can be influenced by the handwheel (see following table
and Section "H1: Manual and handwheel travel (Page 147)").
● The oscillation axis can be moved with reversal feed.
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
Reversal feed
The reversal feed can also be used for oscillation axes.
Reversal points
The positions of the reversal points can be entered via setting data before an oscillation
movement is started or while one is in progress.
● The reversal point positions can be entered by means of manual travel (handwheel, JOG
keys) before or in the course of an oscillation movement, regardless of whether the
oscillation movement has been interrupted or not.
The following applies to alteration of a reversal point position: When an oscillation movement
is already in progress, the altered position of a reversal point does not become effective until
this point is approached again. If the axis is already approaching the position, the correction
will take effect in the next oscillation stroke.
Note
If a reversal point must be altered at the same time as NC/PLC interface signal DB21, …
DBX0.3 ("Activate DRF") is set, the handwheel signals are applied both to the DRF offset and
to the offset of the reversal point, i.e. the reversal point is shifted absolutely by an amount
corresponding to twice the distance.
Stop times
A stop time can be programmed via setting data for every reversal point.
The setting can be changed in the following blocks of the NC program. It is then effectively
block synchronous from the next reversal point.
Stop time can be changed asynchronously via setting data. It is then effective from the instant
that the appropriate reversal point is next traversed.
The following table explains the motional behavior in the exact stop range or at the reversal
point, depending on the stop time input.
Table 12-1 Effect of stop time
Stop time setting Response

-2 Interpolation continues without wait for exact stop
-1 Wait for coarse exact stop at reversal point
0 Wait for fine exact stop at reversal point
>0 Wait for fine exact stop at reversal point, followed by wait for stop time.
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
Deactivate oscillation
One of the following options can be set for termination of the oscillation movement when
oscillation mode is deactivated:
● Termination of oscillation movement at the next reversal point
● Termination of oscillation movement at reversal point 1
● Termination of oscillation movement at reversal point 2
Following this termination process, sparking-out strokes are processed and an end position
approached if programmed.
On switchover from asynchronous oscillation to spark-out and during spark-out, the response
at the reversal point regarding exact stop corresponds to the response determined by the stop
time programmed for the appropriate reversal point. A sparking-out stroke is the motion to the
other reversal point and back (see the table below):
Note
Oscillation with motion-synchronous actions and stop times "OST1/OST2"
Once the set stop times have expired, the internal block change is executed during oscillation
(indicated by the new distances-to-go of the axes). The deactivation function is checked when
the block changes. The deactivation function is defined according to the control setting for the
motional sequence "OSCTRL".
This dynamic response can be influenced by the feed override.
An oscillation stroke may then be executed before the sparking-out strokes are started or the
end position approached.
Although it appears as if the deactivation response has changed, this is not in fact the case.
Table 12-2 Operational sequence for deactivation of oscillation
Function Inputs Explanation

Deactivation at defined reversal Number of sparking-out strokes The oscillation movement is
point equals 0, stopped at the appropriate rever‐
no end position active sal point
Deactivation with specific num‐ Number of sparking-out strokes After the appropriate reversal
ber of sparking-out strokes is not equal to 0, point is reached, the number of
no end position is active sparking-out strokes specified in
the command are processed.
Deactivation with sparking-out Number of sparking-out strokes After the appropriate reversal
strokes and defined end position is not equal 0 point is reached, the number of
(optional) end position active sparking-out strokes specified in
the command are processed, fol‐
lowed by approach to specified
end position.
Deactivation without sparking- Number of sparking-out strokes After the appropriate reversal
out strokes, but with defined end is equal 0 point is reached, the axis is trav‐
position (optional) end position active ersed to the specified end posi‐
tion.
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
NC language
The NC programming language allows asynchronous oscillation to be controlled from the part
program. The following functions allow asynchronous oscillation to be activated and controlled
as a function of NC program execution.
Note
If the setting data is directly written in the part program, then the data change takes effect
prematurely with respect to processing of the part program (at the preprocessing time). It is
possible to re-synchronize the part program and the oscillation function commands by means
of a preprocessing stop (STOPRE).
References:
Programming Guide
1) Activate, deactivate oscillation:
● OS[oscillation axis] = 1; Activate oscillation for oscillation axis
● OS[oscillation axis] = 0; Deactivate oscillation for oscillation axis
Note
Every axis may be used as an oscillation axis.
2) End of oscillation:
● WAITP(oscillation axis)
Positioning axis command – stops block until oscillation axis is at fine stop and synchronizes
preprocessing and main run. The oscillation axis is entered as positioning axis again and
can then be used normally.
If an axis is to be used for oscillation, it must be released with a WAITP(axis) command
beforehand.
This also applies if oscillation is initiated from the PLC/HMI. In this case, the WAITP(axis)
call is also needed if the axis was programmed beforehand via the NC program. As of SW
version 3.2 it is possible to select via machine data $MA_AUTO_GET_TYPE, whether
WAITP() shall be performed with programming or automatically.
Note
WAITP effectively implements a time delay until the oscillation movement has been
executed. Termination of the movement can be initiated, for example, through a
programmed deactivation command in the NC program or via the PLC or HMI by means
of deletion of distance-to-go.
3) Setting reversal points:

● OSP1[oscillation axis] = position of reversal point 1
● OSP2[oscillation axis] = position of reversal point 2
A position is entered into the appropriate setting data in synchronism with the block in the main
run and thus remains effective until the setting data is next changed.
If incremental traversal is active, then the position is calculated incrementally to the last
appropriate reversal point programmed in the NC program.
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
4) Stopping times at reversal points:

● OST1[oscillation axis] = stop time at reversal point 1 in [s]
● OST2[oscillation axis] = stop time at reversal point 2 in [s]
A stop time is entered into the appropriate setting data in synchronism with the block in the
main run and thus remains effective until the setting data is next changed.
The unit for the stop time is identical to the unit selected for the stop time programmed with
G04.
5) Setting feedrate:
● FA[axis] = FValue
Positioning axis infeed.
The feedrate is transferred to the appropriate setting data in synchronism with the block in the
main run. If the oscillation axis is moved with reversal feed, the corresponding dependencies
must be indicated as described in Description of Functions V1.
6) Setting control settings for sequence of movements:
● OSCTRL[oscillating axis] = (set options, reset options)
The set options are defined as follows (the reset options deselect the settings):
Table 12-3 Set/reset options
Option value Meaning

0 Stop at next reversal point on deactivation of the oscillation movement (default). Can
only be achieved by resetting option values 1 and 2.
1 Stop at reversal point 1 on deactivation of the oscillation movement
2 Stop at reversal point 2 on deactivation of the oscillation movement
3 On deactivation of oscillation movement, do not approach reversal point unless
sparking-out strokes are programmed
4 Approach an end position after spark-out process
8 If the oscillation movement is aborted by delete distance-to-go, the sparking-out
strokes must then be executed and the end position approached (if programmed)
16 If the oscillation movement is terminated by deletion of distance-to-go, the program‐
med reversal point must be approached on deactivation of the oscillation movement.
32 Altered feedrate will only take effect from the next reversal point.
64 If feedrate setting is 0, path overlay is active, or otherwise velocity overlay
128 For rotary axis DC (shortest path)
256 Sparking-out stroke as single stroke
512 First approach start position
Note
The option values 0-3 encode the behavior at reversal points at Power OFF. You can choose
one of the alternatives 0-3. The other settings can be combined with the selected alternative
according to individual requirements. A + character can be inserted to create a string of options.
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
Example: The oscillation movement for axis Z must stop at reversal point 1 on deactivation;
an end position must then be approached and a newly programmed feedrate take immediate
effect; the axis must stop immediately after deletion of distance-to-go.
OSCTRL[Z] = (1+4, 16+32+64)
The set/reset options are entered into the appropriate setting data in synchronism with the
block in the main run and thus remain effective until the setting data is next changed.
Note
The control evaluates the reset options, then the set options.
7) Sparking-out strokes:
● OSNSC[oscillation axis] = number of sparking-out strokes
The number of sparking-out strokes is entered into the appropriate setting data in synchronism
with the block in the main run and thus remains effective until the setting data is next changed.
8) End position to be approached after deactivation of oscillation:
● OSE[oscillation axis] = end position of oscillation axis
The end position is entered into the appropriate setting data in synchronism with the block in
the main run and thus remains effective until the setting data is next changed. Option value 4
is implicitly set so that the set end position is approached.
9) Start position to be approached prior to activation of oscillation:
● OSB [oscillation axis] = start position of oscillation axis
The start position is entered into the appropriate setting data SD43790
$SA_OSCILL_START_POS in synchronism with the block in the main run and thus remains
effective until the setting data is next changed. Bit 9 in setting data SD43770
$SA_OSCILL_CTRL_MASK must be set to initiate an approach to the start position. The start
position is approached before reversal point 1. If the start position coincides with reversal
position 1, reversal position 2 is approached next.
As an alternative to programming command OSB, it is also possible to enter the start position
directly in setting data SD43790 $SA_OSCILL_START_POS.
All positional information in the setting data and system variables refer to the basic coordinate
system (BCS). The positional data for OSB, OSE refer to the workpiece coordinate system
(WCS).
No halt time applies when the start position is reached, even if this position coincides with
reversal position 1; instead, the axis waits for the exact stop fine signal. Any configured exact
stop condition is fulfilled.
If a non-modal oscillation process does not require an infeed motion if the start position
coincides with reversal position 1, this option can be configured with another synchronized
action (see Section "Non-modal oscillation (starting position = reversal point 1) (Page 723)").
Programming example
An example that contains all the important elements for asynchronous oscillation can be found
in Section "Example of asynchronous oscillation (Page 715)".
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
12.2.2 Asynchronous oscillation under PLC control
Activation
The function can be selected from the PLC using the following setting data in all operating
modes except for MDA Ref and JOG Ref.:
SD43780 OSCILL_IS_ACTIVE (switch-on oscillation motion)
Settings
The following criteria can be controlled from the PLC via setting data: Activation and
deactivation of oscillation movement, positions of reversal points, stop times at reversal points,
feedrate velocity, the options in the reversal points, the number of sparking-out strokes and
the end position after deactivation. However, these values can also be set beforehand as a
setting data via the HMI user interface directly or via an NC program. These settings remain
valid after power ON and the PLC can also start an oscillation movement set in this way directly
via setting data OSCILL_IS_ACTIVE (via variable service).
A spindle which must act as an axis to execute an oscillation movement started via the PLC
must fulfill the conditions required to allow traversal as a positioning axis, i.e. the spindle must,
for example, have been switched to the position control (SPOS) beforehand.
The axes always respond to the following two stop bits - regardless of whether the axis is
controlled from the PLC or not:
● DB31, ... DBX28.5 (stop at the next reversal point)
12.2.3 Special reactions during asynchronous oscillation
With PLC control

The PLC program can assume the control of an oscillation axis via NC/PLC signals. The NC/
PLC interface signals also include end of program, operating mode change and single block.
Using the NCU system software, an asynchronous reciprocating axis interpolated by the main
run reacts to NC STOP, alarm handling, end of program, program control and RESET.
The PLC controls the axis/spindle via the axial NC/PLC interface (PLC→NCK) by means of IS
DB31, ... DBX28.7 (PLC controlled axis) = 1
For further information about axes with PLC control, see Section "P2: Positioning axes
(Page 653)".
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
Without PLC control

If the PLC does not have control over the axis, then the axis is treated like a normal positioning
axis (POSA) during asynchronous oscillation.
Delete distance-to-go
Channel-specific delete distance-to-go is ignored.
Axial delete distance-to-go
● Without PLC control: Stop via braking ramp
● With PLC control: No stop (must be initiated from the PLC)
The following applies to both cases: After the axis is stopped, if necessary, the appropriate
reversal point is approached and the distance-to-go deleted. The sparking-out strokes are then
executed and the end position approached. Provided this has been set in
OSCILL_CTRL_MASK.
The oscillation movement is then completed.
Note
During grinding, the calipers can be put into action via axial delete distance-to-go.
Emergency stop
The emergency stop completes the oscillation movement that must be restarted.
Reset
The oscillation movement is interrupted and deselected with a braking ramp. The options
selected subsequently are not processed (sparking-out strokes, end point approach).
Working area limitation, limit switches

If it is detected during preprocessing that the oscillation movement would violate an active
limitation, then an alarm is output and the oscillation movement not started.
If during an active oscillation movement the oscillation axis overtravels a limitation which has
been activated in the meantime (e.g. 2nd software limit switch), then the axis is decelerated
down along a ramp and an alarm indicated.
CAUTION
Protection areas
No protection areas act for a oscillation movement.
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
Follow-up mode
There is no difference to positioning axes.
End of program
If the axis is not controlled by the PLC, then the program end is not reached until the oscillation
movement is terminated (reaction as for POSA:
Positioning across block boundaries).
If the axis is controlled by the PLC, then it continues to oscillate after program end.
Mode change
The following table shows the operating modes in which oscillation can be implemented.
Changeover to an operating mode which allows oscillation does not affect the oscillation
movement. Changeover to inadmissible operating modes is rejected with an alarm. It is not
possible to traverse an axis in oscillation mode while applying control commands from the NC
program or via operator inputs (JOG) simultaneously; an alarm is output if this is attempted.
The following applies: The type of movement first started has priority.
Table 12-4 Operating modes which allow oscillation
Operating mode Allows oscillation

AUTO Yes
MDA Yes
MDA Repos Yes
MDA Teachin Yes
MDA Ref No
JOG Yes
JOG Ref No
JOG Repos Yes
Single-block processing
If the axis is not controlled by the PLC, then it responds to a single block in the same way as
a positioning axis (POSA), i.e. it continues the movement.
Override
The override is specified by the:
NC/PLC interface
Axial override acts on the oscillation axis.
Programming
The override acts on oscillation axes in the same way as on positioning axes.
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
12.3 Oscillation controlled by synchronized actions
Block search
In Block Search the last valid oscillation function is registered and the machine data
OSCILL_MODE_MASK is activated (default) accordingly, either directly after NC start (when
approaching the start position after block search) or after reaching the start position after block
search.
OSCILL_MODE_MASK Bit 0:
0: Oscillation starts after reaching the start position.
1: Oscillation starts immediately after NC start.
REORG
Reversal point 1 is always approached first before oscillation continues.
ASUB
The oscillation movement continues while an ASUB (asynchronous subprogram) is in progress.
General procedure
An asynchronous oscillation movement is coupled via synchronized actions with an infeed
motion and controlled accordingly.
References:
The following description concentrates solely on the motion-synchronous actions associated
with the oscillation function.
Functions
The following function complexes can be implemented by means of the language tools
described in detail below:
1. Infeed at the reversal point (see Section "Infeed at reversal point 1 or 2 (Page 707)").
2. Infeed at the reversal range (see Section "Infeed in reversal point range (Page 708)").
3. Infeed in both reversal points (see Section "Infeed at both reversal points (Page 709)").
4. Stop the oscillation movement at the reversal point until infeed is terminated (see Section
"Stop oscillation movement at the reversal point (Page 710)").
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
5. Enable oscillation movement (see Section "Oscillation movement restarting (Page 711)").
6. Do not start partial infeed too early (see Section "Do not start partial infeed too early
(Page 712)").
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U1 Reversal point 1
U2 Reversal point 2
ii1 Reversal range 1
ii2 Reversal range 2
Figure 12-1 Arrangement oscillating axis, infeed axis
Programming
Before the motion block that contains the assignment between the infeed and the oscillating
axis (see Section "Assignment of oscillation and infeed axes OSCILL (Page 713)"), the infeed
definition (POSP) and the motion-synchronous actions, the parameters for the oscillation must
first be defined (see Section "Influences on asynchronous oscillation (Page 695)"):
The oscillation axis is enabled via a WAITP [oscillation axis] (see MD30552
$MA_AUTO_GET_TYPE), allowing the oscillation parameters to be transferred, i.e. into the
setting data, simultaneously. The symbolic names, e.g. SA43700 $SA_REVERSE_POS1 can
then be used to program the motion-synchronous actions.
Note
For motion-synchronous actions with $SA_REVERSE_POS values, the comparison values at
the time of interpretation are valid. If setting data is changed afterwards, this has no effect.
For motion-synchronous actions with $AA_REVERSE_POS values, the comparison values
within the interpoltation are valid. This ensures a reaction to the modified reversal positions.
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
● Motion-synchronous conditions WHEN, WHENEVER

● Activation through motion block
– Assign oscillation axis and infeed axes to one another OSCILL
– Specify infeed response POSP.
The following sections present those elements which have not yet been dealt with.
Some examples are described in the "Examples" section.
Note
If the condition with which the motion-synchronous action (WHEN and WHENEVER) has been
defined is no longer valid, the OVERRIDE for this condition is automaticallyset to 100% if the
OVERRIDE had been set to 0% before.
Main run evaluation

It is possible to compare the synchronization conditions in the Interpolator clock cycle in the
main run with the current actual values ($$ variable on the right of comparison conditions).
With normal system variable comparison, the expressions are evaluated in the first run. The
complete extended possibilities for synchronized actions are listed in the following
documentation:
References:
Examples
Example 1: unchanged reversal positions

For motion-synchronous actions, the reversal positions $SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS are
used at the interpolator level. If the associated setting data change, this has no influence in
the program.

...
$SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS1[Z]=-10 ; Reversal position 1
$SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS2[Z]=10 ; Reversal position 2
G0 X0 Z0
WAITP(Z)
; Synchronized action 1: Reversal point 1 fallen below ≙
; Stop infeed axis with override 0%
ID=1 WHENEVER $AA_IM[Z] < $SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS1[Z] DO $AA_OVR[X]=0
; Synchronized action 2: Reversal point 2 exceeded ≙
ID=2 WHENEVER $AA_IM[Z] > $SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS2[Z] DO $AA_OVR[X]=0
OS[Z]=1 FA[X]=1000 POS[X]=40 ; Activate oscillation
OS[Z]=0 ; Deactivate oscillation
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation

M30
Example 2: changing reversal positions

For motion-synchronous actions, the reversal positions $$AA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS are
used at the interpolator level. If the associated setting data change, then the modified values
are active in the program.

...
$SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS1[Z]=-10 ; Reversal position 1
$SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS2[Z]=10 ; Reversal position 2
G0 X0 Z0
WAITP(Z)
; Synchronized action 1: Reversal point 1 fallen below ≙
ID=1 WHENEVER $AA_IM[Z] < $$SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS1[Z] DO $AA_OVR[X]=0
; Synchronized action 2: Reversal point 2 exceeded ≙
ID=2 WHENEVER $AA_IM[Z] > $$SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS2[Z] DO $AA_OVR[X]=0
OS[Z]=1 FA[X]=1000 POS[X]=40 ; Activate oscillation
M30
12.3.1 Infeed at reversal point 1 or 2
Function
As long as the oscillation axis has not reached the reversal point, the infeed axis does not
move.
Application
Direct infeed in reversal point
Programming
Reversal point 1
WHENEVER $AA_IM[Z] <> $SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS1[Z]
DO $AA_OVR[X] = 0 $AA_OVR[Z] = 100
Reversal point 2
WHENEVER $AA_IM[Z] <> $SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS2[Z]
DO $AA_OVR[X] = 0 $AA_OVR[Z] = 100
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
Explanation of system variables

● $AA_IM[ Z ]: Current position of oscillating axis Z in the MCS
● $SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS1[ Z ]: Position of the reversal point1 of the oscillation axis
● $AA_OVR[ X ]: Axial override of the infeed axis
● $AA_OVR[ Z ]: Axial override of the oscillation axis
Infeed
The absolute infeed value is defined by the POSP instruction (see Section "Definition of infeeds
POSP (Page 713)").
Assignment
The assignment between the oscillation axis and the infeed axis is defined by the OSCILL
instruction (see Section "Assignment of oscillation and infeed axes OSCILL (Page 713)").
12.3.2 Infeed in reversal point range
Reversal range 1
Function
No infeed takes place provided the oscillation axis has not reached the reversal range (position
at reversal point 1 plus contents of variables ii1). This applies on the condition that reversal
point 1 is set to a lower value than reversal point 2. If this is not the case, then the condition
must be changed accordingly.
Application
The purpose of this synchronized action is to prevent the infeed movement from starting until
the oscillation movement has reached reversal range 1 (see "Figure 12-1 Arrangement
oscillating axis, infeed axis (Page 705)").
Programming
WHENEVER $AA_IM[Z] > $SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS1[Z] + ii1
DO $AA_OVR[X] = 0
Explanation of system variables:
● $AA_IM[ Z ]: Current position of oscillating axis Z
● $SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS1[ Z ]: Position of reversal point 1 of the oscillation axis
● ii1: Magnitude of reversal range (user variable)
Reversal range 2
Function
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
The infeed axis stops until the current position (value) of the oscillation axis is lower than the
position at reversal point2 minus the contents of variable ii2. This applies on condition that the
setting for reversal point position 2 is higher than that for reversal point position 1. If this is not
the case, then the condition must be changed accordingly.
Application
The purpose of this synchronized action is to prevent the infeed movement from starting until
the oscillation movement has reached reversal range 2 (see "Figure 12-1 Arrangement
oscillating axis, infeed axis (Page 705)").
Programming
WHENEVER $AA_IM[Z] < $SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS2[Z] - ii2
DO $AA_OVR[X] = 0
Explanation:
● $AA_IM[ Z ]: Current position of oscillating axis Z
● $SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS2[ Z ]: Position of reversal point 2 of the oscillation axis
● ii2: Magnitude of reversal range 2 (user variable)
Infeed
The absolute infeed value is defined by the POSP instruction (see Section "Definition of infeeds
POSP (Page 713)").
Assignment
The assignment between the oscillation axis and the infeed axis is defined by the OSCILL
instruction (see Section "Assignment of oscillation and infeed axes OSCILL (Page 713)").
See also
Oscillation controlled by synchronized actions (Page 704)
12.3.3 Infeed at both reversal points
General procedure
The functions described above for infeed at the reversal point and in the reversal range can
be freely combined.
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
Combinations
Infeed at two sides

● Reversal point 1 - reversal point 2
● Reversal point 1 - reversal range 2
● Reversal range 1 - reversal point 2
● Reversal range 1 - reversal range 2
One-sided infeed
● Reversal point 1
● Reversal point 2
● Reversal range 1
● Reversal range 2
(See Section "Infeed at reversal point 1 or 2 (Page 707)" and "Infeed in reversal point range
(Page 708)")
12.3.4 Stop oscillation movement at the reversal point
Function
Reversal point 1:
Every time the oscillation axis reaches reversal position 1, it must be stopped by means of the
override and the infeed movement started.
Application
The synchronized action is used to hold the oscillation axis stationary until partial infeed has
been executed. This synchronized action can be omitted if the oscillation axis need not wait
at reversal point 1 until partial infeed has been executed. At the same time, this synchronized
action can be used to start the infeed movement if this has been stopped by a previous
synchronized action which is still active.
Programming
WHENEVER $AA_IM[oscillation axis] ==
$SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS1[oscillation axis]
DO $AA_OVR[oscillation axis] = 0 $AA_OVR[infeed axis] = 100

$AA_IM[ oscillation axis ]: Current position of oscillation axis
$SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS1[ oscillation axis ]: Reversal point 1 of the oscillation
axis
$AA_OVR[ oscillation axis]: Axial override of the oscillation axis
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
$AA_OVR[infeed axis ]: Axial override of the infeed axis
Function
Reversal point 2:
Every time the oscillation axis reaches reversal position 2, it must be stopped by means of the
override 0 and the infeed movement started.
Application
The synchronized action is used to hold the oscillation axis stationary until partial infeed has
been executed. This synchronized action can be omitted if the oscillation axis need not wait
at reversal point 2 until partial infeed has been executed. At the same time, this synchronized
action can be used to start the infeed movement if this has been stopped by a previous
synchronized action which is still active.
Programming
WHENEVER $AA_IM[oscillation axis] ==
$SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS2[oscillation axis]
DO $AA_OVR[oscillation axis] = 0 $AA_OVR[infeed axis] = 100

● $AA_IM[ oscillation axis ]: Current position of oscillation axis
● $SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS2[ oscillation axis ]: Reversal point 2 of the
oscillation axis
● $AA_OVR[ oscillation axis ]: Axial override of the oscillation axis
● $AA_OVR[ infeed axis ]: Axial override of the infeed axis
12.3.5 Oscillation movement restarting
Function
The oscillation axis is started via the override whenever the distance-to-go for the currently
traversed path section of the infeed axis = 0, i.e. partial infeed has been executed.
Application
The purpose of this synchronized action is to continue the movement of the oscillation axis on
completion of the part infeed movement. If the oscillation axis need not wait for completion of
partial infeed, then the motion-synchronous action with which the oscillation axis is stopped at
the reversal point must be omitted.
Programming
WHENEVER $AA_DTEPW[infeed axis] == 0
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
DO $AA_OVR[oscillation axis]=100

● $AA_DTEPW[ infeed axis ]: axial remaining travel distance for the infeed axis in the
workpiece coordinate system (WCS): Path distance of the infeed axis
● $AA_OVR[ oscillation axis ]: Axial override for oscillation axis
12.3.6 Do not start partial infeed too early
Function
The functions described above prevent any infeed movement outside the reversal point or the
reversal range. On completion of an infeed movement, however, restart of the next partial
infeed must be prevented.
Application
A channel-specific flag is used for this purpose. This flag is set at the end of the partial infeed
(partial distance-to-go == 0) and is deleted when the axis leaves the reversal range. The next
infeed movement is then prevented by a synchronized action.
Programming
WHENEVER $AA_DTEPW[infeed axis]==0 DO $AC_MARKER[index]=1
Reversal point 1
WHENEVER $AA_IM[Z] <> $SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS1[Z] DO
$AC_MARKER[index]=0
WHENEVER $AC_MARKER[index]==1 DO $AA_OVR[infeed axis]=0

● $AA_DTEPW[ infeed axis ]: axial remaining travel distance for the infeed axis in the
workpiece coordinate system (WCS): Path distance of the infeed axis
● $AC_MARKER[ index ]: Channel-specific marker with index
● $AA_IM[ oscillation axis ]: Current position of oscillation axis
● $SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS1[ oscillation axis ]: Reversal point 1 of the
oscillation axis
● $AA_OVR[ infeed axis ]: Axial override for infeed axis
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
12.3.7 Assignment of oscillation and infeed axes OSCILL
Function
One or several infeed axes are assigned to the oscillation axis with command OSCILL.
Oscillation motion starts.
The PLC is informed of which axes have been assigned via the NC/PLC interface. If the PLC
is controlling the oscillation axis, it must now also monitor the infeed axes and use the signals
for the infeed axes to generate the reactions on the oscillation axis via 2 stop bits of the
interface.
Application
The axes whose response has already been defined by synchronous conditions are assigned
to one another for activation of oscillation mode. The oscillation movement is started.
Programming
OSCILL[oscillation axis] = (infeed axis1, infeed axis2, infeed axis3)
Infeed axis2 and infeed axis3 in brackets plus their delimiters can be omitted if they are not
required.
12.3.8 Definition of infeeds POSP
Function
The control receives the following data for the infeed axis:
● Total infeed
● Part infeed at reversal point/reversal point range
● Part infeed response at end
Application
This instruction must be given after activation of oscillation with OSCILL to inform the controller
of the required infeed values at the reversal points/reversal point ranges.
Programming
POSP[infeed axis] = (end position, part section, mode)
End position: End position for the infeed axis after all partial infeeds have been traversed.
Part section: Part infeed at reversal point/reversal point range
Mode 0: For the last two part steps, the remaining path up to the target point is divided into
two equally large residual steps (default setting).
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
Mode 1: The part length is adjusted such that the total of all calculated part lengths corresponds
exactly to the path up to the target point.
12.3.9 External oscillation reversal

For example, keys on the PLC can be used to change the oscillation area or instantaneously
reverse the direction of oscillation.
The edge-triggered PLC input signal DB31, ... DBX28.0 (oscillation reversal) is used to brake
the current oscillation motion and then traverse in the opposite direction. The braking phase
is signaled via the PLC output signal DB31, ... DBX100.2 (oscillation reversal active).
The braking position of the axis can be accepted as the new reversal position by means of the
PLC signal DB31, ... DBX28.4 (change reversal position).
The PLC input signal DB31, ... DBX28.3 (select reversal point) is ignored, but rather the change
affects the last initiated external oscillation reversal command.
No change in the reversal points applied via handwheel or JOG keys may be active for the
relevant axis. If handwheel or JOG key changes are currently active, display alarm 20081
(Braking position cannot be accepted as reversal position - handwheel active) will be
generated. The alarm is automatically reset when the conflict has been eliminated.
Hold time
No stop time is applied for a change of direction due to an external oscillation reversal. The
axis waits for the exact stop fine signal. Any configured exact stop condition is fulfilled.
Infeed motion
With non-modal oscillation, no infeed movement is performed for a change of direction due to
an external oscillation reversal as the reversal position has not been reached and consequently
the appropriate synchronized action is not fulfilled.
System variables
The braking position can be scanned via system variable $AA_OSCILL_BREAK_POS1, when
approach to reversal position 1 is aborted or via
$AA_OSCILL_BREAK_POS2 when approach to reversal position 2 is aborted.
If the relevant reversal point is approached again, the position of the reversal point can be
scanned in $AA_OSCILL_BREAK_POS1 or $AA_OSCILL_BREAK_POS2.
In other words, only after an External oscillation reversal command is there a difference
between the values in $AA_OSCILL_BREAK_POS1 and $AA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS1 or
the values in $AA_OSCILL_BREAK_POS2 and $AA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS2.
External oscillation reversal can therefore be detected by a synchronized action (see Section
"Examples (Page 715)").
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
12.5 Examples
Special cases
If the PLC input signal "oscillation reversal" is activated as the axis is approaching the start
position, the approach movement is aborted and the axis continues by approach interruption
position 1.
If the PLC input signal "oscillation reversal" is set during a stop period, the stop timer is
deactivated; if exact stop fine has not yet been reached, the axis waits for the exact stop fine
reached signal before continuing its motion.
If the PLC input signal "oscillation reversal" is activated as the axis is approaching the end
position, the approach movement is aborted and oscillation is terminated.
For an example of the external oscillation reversal command (see Section "Change reversal
position via synchronized action with "external oscillation reversal" (Page 725)").
12.4 Marginal conditions
Availability of the "Oscillation" function

The function is an option ("oscillation functions"), which must be assigned to the hardware
through the license management.
12.5 Examples
Requirements
The examples given below require components of the NC language specified in the sections
entitled:
● Asynchronous oscillation
and
● Oscillation controlled by synchronized actions.
12.5.1 Example of asynchronous oscillation
Task
The oscillation axis Z must oscillate between -10 and 10. Approach reversal point 1 with exact
stop coarse and reversal point 2 without exact stop. The oscillation axis feedrate must be 5000.
3 sparking-out strokes must be executed at the end of the machining operation followed by
approach by oscillation axis to end position 30. The feedrate for the infeed axis is 1000, end
of the infeed in X direction is at 15.
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
12.5 Examples
Program section
OSP1[Z]=-10 ; Reversal point 1
OSP2[Z]=10 ; Reversal point 2
OST1[Z]=-1 ; Stop time at reversal point 1: Exact stop coarse
OST2[Z]=-2 ; Stop time at reversal point 2: without exact stop
FA[Z]=5000 ; Infeed for oscillating axis
OSNSC[Z]=3 ; three spark-out strokes
OSE[Z]=-3 ; End position
OS1 F500 X15 ; start oscillation, infeed X axis
; with infeed 500, feed target 15
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Figure 12-2 Sequences of oscillation movements and infeed, example 1
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
12.5 Examples
12.5.2 Example 1 of oscillation with synchronized actions
Task
Direct infeed must take place at reversal point 1; the oscillation axis must wait until the partial
infeed has been executed before it can continue traversal. At reversal point 2, the infeed must
take place at a distance of -6 from reversal point 2; the oscillation axis must not wait at this
reversal point until partial infeed has been executed. Axis Z is the oscillation axis and axis X
is the infeed axis (see Section "Oscillation controlled by synchronized actions (Page 704)).
Note
The setting data OSCILL_REVERSE_POS_1/2 are values in the machine coordinate system;
therefore comparison is only suitable with $AA_IM[n].
Program section
; Example 1: Oscillation with synchronized actions
OSP1[Z]=10 OSP2[Z]=60 ; explain reversal points 1 and 2
OST1[Z]=-2 OST2[Z]=0 ; Reversal point 1: without exact stop
; Reversal point 2: Exact stop fine
FA[Z]=5000 FA[X]=250 ; Feed for oscillating axis, feedrate, infeed axis
OSCTRL[Z]=(1+8+16,0) ; Switch off oscillation motion at reversal point 1
; After delete DTG spark-out and approach end position
; After DTG, approach relevant reversal position
;
OSNSC[Z]=3 ; 3 sparking-out strokes
OSE[Z]=0 ; End position = 0
WAITP(Z) ; enable oscillation for the Z axis
;
; motion-synchronous actions:
;
; always, when the current position of the oscillating axis in the
; Machine Coordinate System
; not equal to reversal position 1
; then set the marker with index 1 to value 0
; (Reset marker 1)
WHENEVER $AA_IM[Z]<>$SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS1[Z] DO $AC_MARKER[1]=0
;
; less than the beginning of reversal range 2
; (here: reversal point 2 -6),
; then set the axial override of the infeed axis to 0%.
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
12.5 Examples

; and set the marker with index 2 to value 0
; (Reset marker 2)
WHENEVER $AA_IM[Z]<$SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS2[Z]-6 DO $AA_OVR[X]=0 $AC_MARKER[2]=0
;
; equal to reversal position 1,
; then set the axial override of the oscillation axis to 0%
;
; and Set the axial override of the infeed axis to
; 100% (so that the previous synchronized action
; is cancelled!)
WHENEVER $AA_IM[Z]==$SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS1[Z] DO $AA_OVR[Z]=0 $AA_OVR[X]=100
;
; always, when the distance-to-go of the partial infeed is
; equal to 0,
WHENEVER $AA_DTEPW[X]==0 DO $AC_MARKER[2]=1 $AC_MARKER[1]=1
;
; always, when the flag with index 2 is
; equal to 1,
; then Set the axial override of the infeed axis to
; 0%, this prevents a premature infeed
; (oscillation axis has not exited the
; reversal point 1).
;
WHENEVER $AC_MARKER[2]==1 DO $AA_OVR[X]=0
;
; equal to 1,
; 0%, this prevents a premature infeed
; (oscillation axis has not exited the
; reversal point range 2).
; 100% ('Start' oscillation)
WHENEVER $AC_MARKER[1]==1 DO $AA_OVR[X]=0 $AA_OVR[Z]=100
;
; if the current position of the oscillating axis in the MCS is
; equal to reversal position 1,
; 100%
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
12.5 Examples

; 0% (so that the second synchronized action
; is cancelled once!)
WHEN $AA_IM[Z]==$SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS1[Z] DO $AA_OVR[Z]=100 $AA_OVR[X]=0
;
;------------------------------------------
OSCILL[Z]=(X) ; Assign axis X to the oscillation axis Z as
POSP[X]=(5,1,1)
; infeed axis, this should
; infeed to end position 5 in steps
; from 1 and the sum of all part lengths should
; give exactly the end position
M30 ; End of program
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12.5.3 Example 2 of oscillation with synchronized actions
Task
No infeed must take place at reversal point 1. At reversal point 2, the infeed must take place
at distance ii2 from reversal point 2; the oscillation axis must wait at this reversal point until
partial infeed has been executed. Axis Z is the oscillation axis and axis X the infeed axis.
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
12.5 Examples
Program section
Example 2: Oscillation with synchronized actions

DEF INT ii2 ; Define variable for reversal area 2
;
OST1[Z]=0 OST2[Z]=0 ; Reversal point 1: Exact stop fine
FA[Z]=5000 FA[X]=100 ; Feed for oscillating axis, feed for infeed axis
; After delete distance-to-go, spark-out and end position
; Approach appropriately after delete distance-to-go
; Approach reversal position
ii2=2 ; Set reversal point range
WAITP(Z) ; permit oscillation for Z axis
;
; less than the start of reversal area 2
; then set the axial override of the feed axis
; to 0%
WHENEVER $AA_IM[Z]<$SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS2[Z]-ii2 DO $AA_OVR[X]=0 $AC_MARKER[0]=0
;
; greater or equal to reversal position 2
; then set the axial override of the oscillating axis
; to 0%
WHENEVER $AA_IM[Z]>=$SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS2[Z] DO $AA_OVR[Z]=0
;
; always, when the distance-to-go of the partial infeed is
; equal to 0,
WHENEVER $AA_DTEPW[X] == 0 DO $AC_MARKER[0]=1
;
; equal to 1,
; then set the axial override of the infeed axis to 0%
; to prevent a new premature infeed
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
12.5 Examples

; (oscillation axis has not yet exited the reversal point
range 2,
; but the infeed axis is ready for a
; new infeed)
; and set the axial override of the oscillation axis to 100%
; (this cancels the 2nd synchronized action)
;
;
OSCILL[Z]=(X) ; Start the axes
POSP[X]=(5,1,1)
; The oscillating axis Z is assigned axis X as
; an infeed axis
; Axis X should travel to end position 5 in
; increments of 1
;
M30
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12.5.4 Examples for starting position
12.5.4.1 Define starting position via language command

Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
12.5 Examples

OST1[Z]=-2 OST2[Z]=0 ; Reversal point 1: without exact stop
FA[Z]=5000 FA[X]=2000 ; Infeed for oscillating axis,
; feedrate for infeed axis
; after delete DTG spark-out and approach end position,
; After DTG, approach relevant reversal position
;
OSB[Z]=0 ; Start position = 0
OS[Z]=1 X15 F500 ; Start oscillation, continuous infeed
WAITP(Z) ; wait for completion of the oscillation motion
M30
Explanation
When the Z axis starts oscillation, it first approaches the starting position (position = 0 in the
example) and then begins the oscillation motion between the reversal points 10 and 60. When
the X axis has reached its end position 15, the oscillation finishes with 3 sparking out strokes
and approach of end position 0.
12.5.4.2 Start oscillation via setting data

WAITP(Z)
STOPRE
$SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS1[Z]=-10 ; reversal position 1 = -10
$SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS2[Z]=30 ; reversal position 2 = 30
$SA_OSCILL_START_POS[Z] = -50 ; Start position = -50
$SA_OSCILL_CTRL_MASK[Z] = 512 ; Approach start position,
; on switch-off, stop at the next
; reversal point
; do not approach any end position
; no sparking-out strokes for DTG
$SA_OSCILL_VELO[ Z ] = 5000 ; Infeed for oscillating axis
$SA_OSCILL_IS_ACTIVE[ Z ] = 1 ; starting
$SA_OSCILL_DWELL_TIME1[ Z ] = -2 ; without wait for exact stop
$SA_OSCILL_DWELL_TIME2[ Z ] = 0 ; wait for fine exact stop
STOPRE
X30 F100
$SA_OSCILL_IS_ACTIVE[ Z ] = 0 ; Stop
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
12.5 Examples

WAITP(Z)
M30
Description
When the Z axis starts oscillation, it first approaches the starting position (position = -50 in the
example) and then begins the oscillation motion between the reversal points -10 and 30. When
the X axis has reached its end position 30, the oscillation finishes at the next approached
reversal point.
12.5.4.3 Non-modal oscillation (starting position = reversal point 1)
Oscillation with synchronized actions

N701 ; Oscillation with synchronized actions,
; start position == reversal point 1
;
N702 OSP1[Z]=10 OSP2[Z]=60 ; explain reversal points 1 and 2
N703 OST1[Z]=0 OST2[Z]=0 ; Reversal point 1: Exact stop coarse
N704 FA[Z]=5000 FA[X]=2000 ; Infeed for oscillating axis,
; feedrate for infeed axis
N705 OSCTRL[Z]=(1+8+16.0) ; switch off oscillation motion at
; reversal point 1 after DTG spark-out
; and approach end position
; After DTG, approach relevant
; reversal position
;
N706 OSNSC[Z]=3 ; 3 sparking-out strokes
N707 OSE[Z]=0 ; End position = 0
N708 OSB[Z]=10 ; Start position = 10
N709 WAITP(Z) ; enable oscillation for the Z axis
;
; set marker with index 2 on 1 (initialization)
WHEN TRUE DO $AC_MARKER[2]=1
;
; always, when the marker with index 2 equals 0
; and the current position of the oscillating axis
; does not equal the reversal position 1
; then set the marker with index 1 to 0.
;
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
12.5 Examples

WHENEVER ($AC_MARKER[2] == 0) AND $AA_IW[Z]>$SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS1[Z])
DO $AC_MARKER[1]=0
; always, when the current position of the oscillating axis
; is less than the start of reversal range 2
;
; to 0 and set the marker with index 0 to
; 0
WHENEVER $AA_IW[Z]<$SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS2[Z]-6 DO $AA_OVR[X]=0 $AC_MARKER[0]=0
;
; always, when the current position of the oscillating axis
; is equal to the reversal position 1,
; then set the axial override of the oscillating axis
; to 0 and set the axial override of the
; infeed axis to 100% (so that the
; previous synchronized action is cancelled!)
WHENEVER $AA_IW[Z]==$SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS1[Z] DO $AA_OVR[Z]=0 $AA_OVR[X]=100
;
; always, when the distance-to-go of the partial infeed equals
0
;
; then Set the marker with index 0 to 1 and
; set the marker with index 1 to 1 and
WHENEVER $AA_DTEPW[X]==0 DO $AC_MARKER[0]=1 $AC_MARKER[1]=1
;
; always, when the marker with index 0 equals 1,
; to 0 to prevent a new premature
; infeed!
WHENEVER $AC_MARKER[0]==1 DO $AA_OVR[X]=0
;
; always, when the marker with index 1 equals 1,
; to 0 (to prevent a new premature
; infeed!) and set the
; axial override of the oscillation axis to 100%
; (so that the previous
; synchronized action is canceled!)
;
; When the current position of the oscillating axis
; is equal to the reversal position 1,
; then reset the marker with index 2,
; release the first synchronized action (no
; infeed when reaching the start position
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
12.5 Examples

; == reversal position 1)
WHEN $AA_IW[Z]==$SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS1[Z] DO $AC_MARKER[2]=0
;
;----------------------------------
N750 OSCILL[Z]=(X) POSP[X]=(5,1,1)
; Assign axis X to the oscillation axis Z as infeed axis,
; this should infeed to end position 5
; in substeps of 1 and the sum of all sublengths
; should be exactly the same as the end position.
;
N780 WAITP(Z) ; release the Z axis
;
N790 X0 Z0
Description
The starting position matches reversal point 1. The WHEN .... synchronized actions (see
above) prevent an infeed when the starting position is reached.
12.5.5 Example of external oscillation reversal
12.5.5.1 Change reversal position via synchronized action with "external oscillation reversal"

DEFINE BREAKPZ AS $AA_OSCILL_BREAK_POS1[Z]
DEFINE REVPZ AS $SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS1[Z]

OSB[Z]=0 ; Start position = 0
; At external reversal of oscillation for

; oscillation reversal point 1, adapt this
WHENEVER BREAKPZ <> REVPZ DO $$SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS1 = BREAKPZ
OS[Z]=1 X150 F500 ; Start oscillation, continuous infeed
WAITP(Z) ; wait for completion of the oscillation motion
M30
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
12.6 Data lists
12.6 Data lists
12.6.1 Machine data

10710 PROG_SD_RESET_SAVE_TAB Oscillations to be saved from SD
11460 OSCILL_MODE_MASK Control screen form for asynchronous oscillation
12.6.2 Setting data

43700 OSCILL_REVERSE_POS1 Position at reversal point 1
43710 OSCILL_REVERSE_POS2 Position at reversal point 2
43720 OSCILL_DWELL_TIME1 Stop time at reversal point 1
43730 OSCILL_DWELL_TIME2 Stop time at reversal point 2
43740 OSCILL_VELO Feed velocity of oscillation axis
43750 OSCILL_NUM_SPARK_CYCLES Number of sparking-out strokes
43760 OSCILL_END_POS Position after sparking-out strokes/at end of oscillation move‐
ment
43770 OSCILL_CTRL_MASK Control screen form for oscillation
43780 OSCILL_IS_ACTIVE Oscillation movement ON/OFF
43790 OSCILL_START_POS Position that is approached after oscillation before reversal
point 1, if activated in SD43770:
12.6.3 Signals

External oscillation reversal DB31, ... .DBX28.0 DB380x.DBX5004.0
Set reversal point DB31, ... .DBX28.3 DB380x.DBX5004.3
Alter reversal point DB31, ... .DBX28.4 DB380x.DBX5004.4
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
12.6 Data lists

Stop at next reversal point DB31, ... .DBX28.5 DB380x.DBX5004.5
Stop along braking ramp DB31, ... .DBX28.6 DB380x.DBX5004.6

Oscillation reversal is active DB31, ... .DBX100.2 DB390x.DBX5004.2
Oscillation cannot start DB31, ... .DBX100.3 DB390x.DBX5004.3
Error during oscillation movement DB31, ... .DBX100.4 DB390x.DBX5004.4
Sparking-out active DB31, ... .DBX100.5 DB390x.DBX5004.5
Oscillation movement active DB31, ... .DBX100.6 DB390x.DBX5004.6
Oscillation active DB31, ... .DBX100.7 DB390x.DBX5004.7
12.6.4.1 Main run variables for motion-synchronous actions
Main run variable_read

The following variables are provided for main run variable_read:
$A_IN[<arith. expression>] digital input (Boolean)

$A_OUT[<arith. expression>] digital output (Boolean)
$A_INA[<arith. expression>] analog input (Boolean)
$A_OUTA[<arith. expression>] analog output (Boolean)
$A_INCO[<arith. expression>] comparator inputs (Boolean)
$AA_IW[<axial expression>] actual position PCS axis (real)
$AA_IB[<axial expression>] actual position BCS axis (real)
$AA_IM[<axial expression>] Actual position MCS axis (IPO setpoints) (real)
With $AA_IM[S1] setpoints for spindles can be eval‐
uated. Modulo calculation is used for spindles and
rotary axes, depending on machine data
$MA_ROT_IS_MODULO and $MA_DIS‐
PLAY_IS_MODULO.
$AA_OSCILL_BREAK_POS1 Breaking position after external oscillation reversal
when approaching reversal point 1
$AA_OSCILL_BREAK_POS2 Breaking position after external oscillation reversal
when approaching reversal point 2
$AC_TIME Time from the start of the block (real) in seconds
(including the times for the internally generated in‐
termediate blocks)
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
12.6 Data lists
$AC_TIMES Time from the start of the block (real) in seconds

(without times for the internally generated intermedi‐
ate blocks)
$AC_TIMEC Time from the start of the block (real) in IPO steps
(including steps for the internally generated inter‐
mediate blocks)
$AC_TIMESC Time from the start of the block (real) in IPO steps
(without steps for the internally generated intermedi‐
ate blocks)
$AC_DTBB Distance from beginning of block in BCS
(Distance to begin, baseCoor) (real)
$AC_DTBW Distance from beginning of block in PCS
(Distance to begin, workpieceCoor) (real)
$AA_DTBB[<axial expression>] axial distance from beginning of block in BCS
(Distance to begin, baseCoor) (real)
$AA_DTBW[<axial expression>] axial distance from beginning of block in PCS
(Distance to begin, workpieceCoor) (real)
$AC_DTEB Distance to end of block in BCS (Distance to end)
(Distance to end, baseCoor) (real)
$AC_DTEW Distance to end of block in PCS
(Distance to end, workpieceCoor) (real)
$AA_DTEB[<axial expression>] axial distance to end of movement in BCS
(Distance to end, baseCoor) (real)
$AA_DTEW[<axial expression>] axial distance to end of movement in PCS
(Distance to end, workpieceCoor) (real)
$AC_PLTBB Distance from beginning of block in BCS
(Path Length from begin, baseCoor) (real)
$AC_PLTEB Distance to end of block in BCS (Distance to end)
(Path Length to end, baseCoor) (real)
$AC_VACTB Path speed in BCS
(Velocity actual, baseCoor) (real)
$AC_VACTW Path speed in PCS
(Velocity actual, workPieceCoor) (real)
$AA_VACTB[<axial expression>] Axis velocity in BCS
(Velocity actual, baseCoor) (real)
$AA_VACTW[<axial expression>] Axis velocity in PCS
(Velocity actual, workPieceCoor) (real)
$AA_DTEPB[<axial expression>] axial distance-to-go for oscillation infeed in BCS
(Distance to end, pendulum, baseCoor) (real)
$AA_DTEPW[<axial expression>] axial distance-to-go for oscillation infeed in PCS
(Distance to end, pendulum, workpieceCoor) (real)
$AC_DTEPB Path distance-to-go for oscillation infeed in BCS
(not P2) (Distance to end, pendulum, baseCoor) (re‐
al)
$AC_DTEPW Path distance-to-go for oscillation infeed in PCS
(not P2) (Distance to end, pendulum, workpiece‐
Coor) (real)
$AC_PATHN (Path parameter normalized) (real)
Normalized path parameter: 0 for beginning of block
to 1 for end of block
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
12.6 Data lists
$AA_LOAD[<axial expression>] Drive utilization

$AA_POWER[<axial expression>] Drive efficiency in W
$AA_TORQUE[<axial expression>] Drive torque setpoint in Nm
$AA_CURR[<axial expression>] Actual current value of axis
$AC_MARKER[<arithmetic_expression>] (int) Flag variables: can be used to build complex condi‐
tions in synchronous actions:
8 Markers (Index 0 - 7) are available.
Reset sets the markers to 0.
Example:
WHEN .....DO $AC_MARKER[0]=2
WHEN .....DO $AC_MARKER[0]=3
WHEN $AC_MARKER[0]==3 DO $AC_OVR=50
Can be read and written independently of synchro‐
nous actions in the parts program:
IF $AC_MARKER == 4 GOTOF SPRUNG
$AC_PARAM[<arithmetic_expression>] (real) Floating-decimal parameter for synchronous ac‐
tions. Serves as intermediate saving and evaluation
in synchronous actions.
50 Parameters (Index 0 - 49) are available.
$AA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS1
[<axial expression>] (real)
$AA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS2 current oscillation reversal points 1 and 2:
[<axial expression>] (real) The current setting data from
$SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS1 or
$SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS2 is read.
This enables setting data changes at the reversal
positions during active oscillation, i.e. during an ac‐
tive synchronous action.
Conditions
Conditions for motion-synchronous actions are formulated:
Main run variable comparison operator expression
For details see:
References:
Function Manual Synchronized Actions
Extended Functions
P5: Oscillation
12.6 Data lists
Extended Functions
R2: Rotary axes 13
The following are typical applications for positioning axes:
● 5-axis machining (operating range limited or unlimited)
● Rotary axis for eccentric machining (unlimited operating range)
● Rotary axis for cylindrical or form grinding (unlimited operating range)
● C axis with TRANSMIT (unlimited operating range)
● Rotary axis on winding machines (unlimited operating range)
● Rotary workpiece axis (C) on hobbing machines (unlimited operating range)
● Round tool magazines and tool turrets (unlimited operating range)
● Rotary axis for peripheral surface transformation (limited operating range)
● Swivel axes for gripping (operating range 360°)
● Rotary axes for swiveling (operating range < 360°; e.g., 60°)
● Milling swivel axis (A) on hobbing machines (operating range, e.g., 90°)
Axis addresses
Linear axes, rotary axes and directions of movement of numerically-controlled machine tools
are designated according to DIN 66025 as follows:
● Linear axes: X, Y, Z
● Rotary axes: A, B, C
Extended Functions
R2: Rotary axes
● Assignment: A rotates about X, B rotates about Y and C rotates about Z

● Direction of rotation: The positive rotary-axis direction of a rotation corresponds to a
clockwise rotation when looking in the positive axis direction of the corresponding linear
axis.
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Figure 13-1 Axis identifiers and directions of movement for rotary axes
Units of measurement
The following units of measurement apply as standard to inputs and outputs for rotary axes:
Units of measurement for rotary axes

Physical quantity Unit
Angular position Degrees
Programmed angular velocity Degrees/min
Angular velocity 1)
rev/min
Angular acceleration 1)
rev/sec2
Angular jerk limit 1)
rev/sec3
1) Unit of the axis-specific machine data for rotary axes.
References:
Control (G2)
Feedrate
The programmed feedrate F corresponds to an angular velocity (degrees/min) in the case of
rotary axes.
If rotary axes and linear axes traverse a common path with G94 or G95, the feedrate should
be interpreted in the linear-axis unit of measurement (e.g., mm/min, inch/min).
Extended Functions
R2: Rotary axes
13.2 Modulo 360 degrees
The tangential velocity of the rotary axis refers to diameter Dunit (unit diameter Dunit=360/π). In
the case of unit diameter D=Dunit, the programmed angular velocity in degrees/min and the
tangential velocity in mm/min (or inch/min) are numerically identical.
In general, the following applies for tangential velocity:
F = Fangle * D/Dunit F = Tangential velocity [mm/min]

Fangle = Angular velocity [degrees/min]
D = Diameter acted on by F [mm]
With Dunit = 360/π DE = Unit diameter [mm]
π = Circle constant Pi
JOG mode: Revolutional feedrate

In the JOG mode, the response of the rotary axis spindle also depends on the setting data:
SD41100 $SN_JOG_REV_IS_ACTIVE (revolutional feed rate for JOG active)
Term "modulo 360°"

Modulo rotary axes are rotary axes, whose position is represented within the controls in the
range from 0° to 359.999°.
In the figure below, the rotary-axis absolute position in the positive direction of rotation is
represented as a spiral. An arrow marks the actual absolute position on this spiral (example:
point C' = 420°). By tracing the arrow back around the circle it is possible to assign an
appropriate modulo position within the 360° range to every absolute position. In the example
below, absolute position point C' = 420° is mapped onto point C = 60° using modulo conversion.
Extended Functions
R2: Rotary axes
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Figure 13-2 Modulo 360° map
Modulo rotary axis

The parameter assignment of a rotary axis as modulo rotary axis is performed via axis-specific
machine data:
MD30310 $MA_ROT_IS_MODULO = 1
Note
It is recommended that the parameters of the modulo position display also be set to 360°.
Modulo rotary axis: Position display modulo 360°

The parameterization of the position display of a rotary axis on the user interface in modulo
360° representation is via the axis-specific machine data:
MD30320 $MA_DISPLAY_IS_MODULO) = 1
Modulo rotary axis: Starting position

A starting position for the modulo range different from 0 can be specified with the following
axis-specific machine data for a modulo rotary axis:
MD30340 $MA_MODULO_RANGE_START = <Starting position>
Extended Functions
R2: Rotary axes
Example values:
● Starting position = 180: Modulo range -180° to +180°
● Starting position = 0: Modulo range 0° - 360°
r
r
r
r
Figure 13-3 Starting position of -180° changes the modulo range to -180° to + 180°
Note
Modulo partition axes
By approximating the two following machine data, indexing positions of modulo indexing axes
can be implemented in the same way as for the modulo range (see also Section "T1: Indexing
axes (Page 815)").
● MD30503 $MA_INDEX_AX_OFFSET
● MD30340 $MA_MODULO_RANGE_START
Modulo rotary axis: Positioning behavior for G90 (modal absolute programming)
The standard behavior for G90 is set via the machine data:
MD30455 $MA_MISC_FUNCTION_MASK, bit 2 = <value>
<value> Meaning
0 The modulo rotary axis positions corresponding to AC as standard for G90 programming:
● Target position > Current position: Move in positive traversing direction
● Target position < Current position: Move in negative traversing direction
1 The modulo rotary axis positions corresponding to DC as standard for G90 programming,
i.e. on the shortest path.
Extended Functions
R2: Rotary axes
NC/PLC interface signals
Traversing range limits

The traversing range of a rotary axis can be restricted by axis-specific traversing range limits
(machine and setting data for software limit switch, for example, and working area limitation).
For modulo rotary axes the traversing range limits are invalid as standard.
Activation of the traversing range limits for modulo rotary axes can be requested from the PLC
user program via the following NC/PLC interface signal:
DB31, ... DBX12.4 = 1 (modulo rotary axes: Activate traversing range limits)
The NC feedback signal is realized using the NC/PLC interface signal:
DB31, ... DBX74.4 == 1 (modulo rotary axes: traversing range limits active)
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Figure 13-4 Limited operating area of a modulo rotary axis
Note
Synchronization with STOPRE
The M/H command for setting the NC/PLC interface signal must follow a STOPRE in the NC
program, in order to ensure through synchronization that only the program blocks after the
changeover are monitored.
It is only possible to activate/deactivate software limit switch monitoring via the NC/PLC
interface signal for modulo rotary axes. The modulo rotary axis must be referenced for this and
the limiting pair must be active.
Both limits must be active for the correct monitoring of the working area limitations. Either via
G26/G25 or setting data:
● SD43400 $SA_ WORKAREA_PLUS_ENABLE
● SD43410 $SA_WORKAREA_MINUS_ENABLE.
Extended Functions
R2: Rotary axes
13.3 Programming rotary axes
Example: Changing the traversing range limits

A pallet 1 with several clamped workpieces is machined on a modulo rotary axis. The pallet 1
is then swapped for a pallet 2 with a built-on axis. The traverse range now has to be monitored.
Configuration:
● MD30300 $MA_IS_ROT_AX[AX4] = 1
● MD30310 $MA_ROT_IS_MODULO[AX4] = 1
● MD36110 $MA_POS_LIMIT_PLUS[AX4] = 340
● MD36100 $MA_POS_LIMIT_MINUS[AX4] = 350
Extract from part program:

M123 ; Insert pallet 1 with quadruple clamping into the machine
; PLC: Deactivate software limit switch of B axis => DB35, DBX12.4=0
STOPRE ; Trigger a preprocessing stop
S1000 M3
G4 F2
G1 X0 Y300 Z500 B0 F5000
CYCLE84(500,400,0,350,0,1,4,10,,0,500,1000) ; drilling cycle
...
G0 Z540 B0
M124 ; Insert pallet 2 with built-on axis into the machine
; PLC: Activate software limit switch of B axis => DB35, DBX12.4=1
STOPRE ; Trigger a preprocessing stop
B270
Note
General information about programming, see:
References:
Programming Manual Fundamentals
Extended Functions
R2: Rotary axes
MD30310
MD30310 ROT_IS_MODULO (modulo conversion for rotary axis)
is used to define whether the rotary axis behaves as a linear axis during programming and
positioning or whether rotary-axis special features are taken into account.
These features and any differences (mainly with respect to absolute programming) are
explained on the following pages.
13.3.2 Rotary axis with modulo conversion (continuously-turning rotary axis).
Absolute programming (AC, ACP, ACN, G90)

Example of the absolute programming for a modulo rotary axis as positioning axis:
POS[<axis name>] = ACP(<value>)
● <value>: Target position of the modulo rotary axis in the range between 0° and 359.999°
Negative values are also possible if a range offset has been realized with the following
machine data:
– MD30340 $MA_ MODULO_RANGE_START
– MD30330 $MA_MODULO_RANGE
● ACP: Absolute programming of the target position in positive rotation direction (counter
clockwise).
● ACN: Absolute programming of the target position in negative rotation direction (clockwise).
● AC / G90: by block / modally valid absolute programming of the target position.
The direction of rotation depends on the current position of the modulo rotary axis.
– Target position > Current position: Travel in positive direction.
– Target position < Current position: Travel in negative direction.
Note
The G90 positioning behavior can be projected via MD30455
$MA_MISC_FUNCTION_MASK, Bit 2. See Section "Modulo 360 degrees (Page 733)".
Application example
ACP / ACN: Defined direction of rotation for asymmetric workpieces in order to exclude collisions
during rotation.
Programming examples
Starting position of modulo rotary axis C = 0° (see figure below).
Extended Functions
R2: Rotary axes
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① POS[C] = ACP(100); Traverse in positive direction of rotation to

position 100°
② POS[C] = ACN(300); Traverse in negative direction of rotation to
position 300°
③ POS[C] = ACP(240); Traverse in positive direction of rotation to
position 240°
④ POS[C] = AC(0); Traverse in negative direction of rotation to position
0°
Figure 13-5 Absolute programming for modulo rotary axes
Absolute programming along the shortest path (DC)

Example of absolute programming on the shortest path for a modulo rotary axis as positioning
axis:
POS[<axis name>] = ACP(<value>)
● <value>: Target position of the modulo rotary axis in the range between 0° and 359.999°
Negative values are also possible if a range offset has been realized with the following
machine data:
– MD30340 $MA_ MODULO_RANGE_START
– MD30330 $MA_MODULO_RANGE
● DC: Absolute programming of the target position for moving by the shortest direction of
rotation.
Note
If the route is the same in both directions (180°), movement in in the positive direction of
rotation.
Programming examples
Starting position of modulo rotary axis C = 0° (see figure below).
Extended Functions
R2: Rotary axes
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① POS[C] = DC(100); Traverse by shortest path to position 100°

② POS[C] = DC(300); Traverse by shortest path to position 300°
③ POS[C] = DC(240); Traverse by shortest path to position 240°
④ POS[C] = DC(60); Traverse by shortest path to position 60°
; in positive direction of rotation
Figure 13-6 Absolute programming with shortest path for modulo rotary axes
Block-search response
After block search with calculation, the collected search run positions can be read by modulo,
converted using the system variable $AC_RETPOINT[<axis>].
Supplementary conditions for ASUB after block search with calculation

In this instance, as well as with the cross-channel block-search tool SERUPRO, the modulo
conversion simulated in the block search must be performed in the part program.
Incremental programming (IC, G91)

Example for positioning axis: POS[axis name] = IC(+/-value)
● The value identifies the rotary-axis traversing distance. The value can be negative and ≥
+/-360°.
● The value's sign unequivocally defines the rotary-axis traversing direction.
● Application example: milling a spiral groove across several revolutions
Example
Programming Effect
POS[C]=IC(720) C axis traverses to 720° incrementally in the positive direction
(two revolutions)
POS[C]=IC(-180) C axis traverses to 180° incrementally in the negative direction
Extended Functions
R2: Rotary axes
Program example: Modulo rotary axes as endlessly rotating rotary axis

Program code
LOOP:
POS[C] = IC(720) ; Traverse as positioning axis by 270°
GOTOB LOOP ; Return to Label LOOP
13.3.3 Rotary axis without modulo conversion
Deactivate modulo conversion

→ Set MD30310 $MA_ROT_IS_MODULO = 0.
Absolute programming (AC, G90)

Example for positioning axis: POS[axis name] = AC (+/-value)
● The value and its sign uniquely identify the rotary-axis target position. The value can be ≥
+/-360°. The position value is limited by the software-limit-switch positions.
● The traversing direction is ascertained by the control according to the signed rotary-axis
actual position.
● If ACP or ACN is programmed, alarm 16810, "ACP traverse instruction cannot be used", or
alarm 16820 "ACN traverse instruction cannot be used", is output.
● Application example:
Linear movements (cam gear) are linked to the rotary axis, thus certain end positions may
not be overtraveled.
Example:
Programming Effect
POS[C] = AC (-100) Rotary axis C traverses to position -100°;
traversing direction depends on the starting position
POS[C] = AC (1500) Rotary axis C traverses to position 1500°
Absolute programming along the shortest path (DC)

POS[axis name] = DC(value)
Even if the rotary axis is not defined as a modulo axis, the axis can still be positioned with DC
(Direct Control). The response is the same as on a modulo axis.
Extended Functions
R2: Rotary axes
● The value identifies the rotary-axis target position in a range from 0° to 359.999° (modulo
360°). Alarm 16830, "Incorrect modulo position programmed", is output for values with a
negative sign or ≥ 360º.
● With DC (Direct Control), the rotary axis approaches the programmed absolute position
within one revolution along the shortest path (traversing movement max. ± 180°).
● The control calculates the direction of rotation and the traverse path according to the current
actual position (in relation to modulo 360°). If the path to be traversed is the same in both
directions (180°), the positive direction of rotation receives preference.
● DC application example: the rotary table is required to approach the changeover position
in the shortest time (and, therefore, via the shortest path) possible.
● If DC is programmed with a linear axis, alarm 16800, "DC traverse instruction cannot be
used", is output.
Example:
Programming Effect
POS[C] = AC (7200) Rotary axis C traverses to position 7200°;
traversing direction depends on the starting position
POS[C] = DC(300) Rotary axis C approaches "modulo" position 300°
along the shortest path
Thus, C traverses about 60° with a negative direction of rotation
and stops at absolute position 7140°.
POS[C] = AC (7000) Rotary axis C traverses to position 7000° absolutely,
so C traverses about 140° with a negative direction of rotation
Note
In this example, it would be advisable to activate the modulo 360º display (MD30320
$MA_DISPLAY_IS_MODULO = 1).
Incremental programming (IC, G91)

Example for positioning axis: POS[axis name] = IC(+/-value)
When programming with incremental dimensions, the rotary axis traverses across the same
path as with the modulo axis. In this case, however, the traversing range is limited by the
software limit switches.
● The value identifies the rotary-axis traversing distance.
The value can be negative and ≥ +/-360°.
● The value's sign unequivocally defines the rotary-axis traversing direction.
Extended Functions
R2: Rotary axes
13.4 Activating rotary axes
Limited traversing range

The traversing range is limited as with linear axes. The range limits are defined by the "plus"
and "minus" software limit switches.
13.3.4 Other programming features relating to rotary axes
Offsets
TRANS (absolute) and ATRANS (additive) can be applied to rotary axes.
Scalings
SCALE or ASCALE are not suitable for rotary axes, since the control always bases its modulo
calculation on a 360º full circle.
Preset actual value memory

PRESETON is possible.
Indexing axes
See Section "T1: Indexing axes (Page 815)".
Procedure
The procedure for activating rotary axes is the same as that for linear axes with a small number
of exceptions. It should be noted that, as soon as the axis is defined as a rotary axis (MD30300
$MA_IS_ROT_AX = 1), the axis-specific-machine-/setting-data units are interpreted by the
control as follows:
Positions In "degrees"
Velocities In "rev/min"
Accelerations In "rev/sec2"
Jerk limitation In "rev/sec3"
Extended Functions
R2: Rotary axes
Special machine data

Special rotary-axis machine data may also have to be entered, depending on the application:
MD30310 $MA_ROT_IS_MODULO Modulo conversion for positioning and program‐

ming
MD30320 $MA_DISPLAY_IS_MODULO Modulo conversion for position display
MD10210 $MN_INT_INCR_PER_DEG Computational resolution for angular positions
The following overview lists the possible combinations of these machine data for a rotary axis:
Possible combinations of rotary-axis machine data

MD30300 MD30310 MD30320 Application Comment
permitted
0 0 0 Yes The axis is a linear axis (default).
1 0 0 Yes The axis is a rotary axis; modulo conver‐
sion is not used for positioning, i.e. the
software limit switches are active; the po‐
sition display is absolute.
1 0 1 Yes The axis is a rotary axis; modulo conver‐
sion is not used for positioning, i.e. the
software limit switches are active; the po‐
sition display is modulo;
Application: for axes with an operating
range of +/-1000°, for example
1 1 1 Yes The axis is a rotary axis; positioning is per‐
formed with modulo conversion, i.e. the
software limit switches are inactive, the
operating range is unlimited; the position
display is modulo (setting most frequently
used for rotary axes); axis with/without
working-area limitation can be used.
1 1 0 Yes The axis is a rotary axis; positioning is per‐
formed with modulo conversion, i.e. the
software limit switches are inactive, the
operating range is unlimited; the position
display is absolute; axis with/without work‐
ing-area limitation can be used.
0 0 or 1 0 or 1 Not recom‐ Axis is not a rotary axis;
mended therefore, the other MD are not evaluated.
JOG velocity for rotary axes

SD41130 $SN_JOG_ROT_AX_SET_VELO (JOG speed for rotary axes)
The above setting data can be used to define a valid JOG velocity for all rotary axes (see also
Section "H1: Manual and handwheel travel (Page 147)").
Extended Functions
R2: Rotary axes
13.5 Special features of rotary axes
If a value of 0 is entered in the setting data, the following axial machine data acts as JOG
velocity for the rotary axis:
MD21150 $MC_JOG_VELO (conventional axis velocity)
13.5 Special features of rotary axes
Software limit switch

The software limit switches and working-area limitations are active and are required for swivel
axes with a limited operating range. However, in the case of continuously rotating rotary axes
(MD30310 $MA_ROT_IS_MODULO = 1), the software limit switches and working area
limitations can be deactivated for individual axes.
A modulo rotary axis with/without working-area limitation can be used.
References:
Mirroring of rotary axes

Mirroring can be implemented for rotary axes by programming MIRROR(C) or AMIRROR(C).

References:
Function Manual Basic Functions; Reference Point Approach (R1)
Spindles as rotary axes

For notes concerning the use of spindles as rotary axes (C axis operation), please refer to:
References:
Extended Functions
R2: Rotary axes
13.7 Data lists
13.6 Examples
Fork head, inclined-axis head

Rotary axes are frequently used on 5-axis milling machines to swivel the tool axis or rotate the
workpiece. These machines can position the tip of a tool on any point on the workpiece and
take up any position on the tool axis. Various milling heads are required, depending on the
application. The figure shows a fork head and an inclined-axis head as example rotary-axis
arrangements.
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Figure 13-7 Fork head, inclined-axis head
13.7 Data lists
13.7.1 Machine data

10210 INT_INCR_PER_DEG Computational resolution for angular positions

30300 IS_ROT_AX Axis is rotary axis
30310 ROT_IS_MODULO Modulo conversion for rotary axis
Extended Functions
R2: Rotary axes
13.7 Data lists

30320 DISPLAY_IS_MODULO Modulo actual-value display
30330 MODULO_RANGE Modulo-range magnitude
30340 MODULO_RANGE_START Modulo-range starting position
30455 MISC_FUNCTION_MASK Axis functions
36100 POS_LIMIT_MINUS Minus software limit switch
36110 POS_LIMIT_PLUS Plus software limit switch
13.7.2 Setting data

41130 JOG_ROT_AX_SET_VELO JOG velocity for rotary axes

43420 WORKAREA_LIMIT_PLUS Plus working-area limitation
43430 WORKAREA_LIMIT_MINUS Minus working-area limitation
13.7.3 Signals

Traversing-range limitation for modulo axis DB31, ... .DBX12.4 DB380x.DBX1000.4

Status of software-limit-switch monitoring for modulo axis DB31, ... .DBX74.4 DB390x.DBX1000.4
Extended Functions
R2: Rotary axes
13.7 Data lists
Extended Functions
S3: Synchronous spindle 14
14.1.1 Function
The "Synchronous spindle" function can be used to couple two spindles with synchronous
position or speed. One spindle is defined as leading spindle (LS), the second spindle is then
the following spindle (FS).
Speed synchronism: nFS = kÜ * nLS with kÜ = 1, 2, 3, ...

Position synchronism: φFS = φLS + Δφ with 0° x Δφ t = 360°
Possible applications
Rear side machining
One application option is, for example, the reverse side machining in a double-spindle lathe
with on-the-fly transfer of the workpiece from the position-synchronous LS to the FS (or vice
versa), without having to decelerate down to standstill.
Multi-edge machining (polygonal turning)
The "Synchronous spindle" function provides the basis for multi-edge machining (polygonal
turning) through specification of an integer gear ratio kÜ between LS and FS.
Number of FS
The number of FS's that can be operated synchronously to an LS is only restricted by the
performance capability of the NC used. In principle, any number of FS can be coupled
simultaneously to an LS in arbitrary channels of the NC.
2 pairs of synchronous spindles can be active simultaneously in each NC channel.
Definition
The assignment of FS to LS pair of synchronous spindles can be parameterized channel-
specifically via machine data or flexibly defined via part program commands.
Extended Functions
S3: Synchronous spindle
Selecting/de-selecting
Part program commands are used to select/deselect the synchronous operation of a pair of
synchronous spindles.
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Figure 14-1 Synchronous operation: On-the-fly workpiece transfer from spindle 1 to spindle 2
Extended Functions
Q Q
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Figure 14-2 Synchronous operation: Polygonal turning
14.1.2 Synchronous mode
Description
<axial expression>: can be:

- Axis name
- Spindle name
<axis name>: C (if spindle has the name "C" in axis operation.)
<spindle name>: Sn, SPI(n) where n = spindle number
<Spindle number>: 1, 2, ... according to the spindle number defined in
MD35000 $MA_SPIND_ASSIGN_TO_MACHAX
(FS, LS, offset): LS = Leading Spindle, FS = Following Spindle,Off‐
set = read programmable offset of following spin‐
dle using system variables
$P_COUP_OFFS[Sn] Programmed position offset of the synchronous
spindle
Synchronous spindle pair

Synchronous operation involves a following spindle (FS) and a leading spindle (LS), referred
to as the synchronous spindle pair. The following spindle imitates the movements of the leading
spindle when a coupling is active (synchronous operation) in accordance with the defined
functional interrelationship.
Synchronous mode
Synchronous mode (also referred to as “Synchronous spindle operation”) is another spindle
operating mode. Before synchronous mode is activated, the following (slave) spindle must
have been switched to position control. Synchronous operation is activated for the following
spindle when the coupling is activated. As soon as the coupling is deactivated, the following
spindle switches back to open-loop control mode.
As soon as synchronous operation is active for the following spindle, the following interface
signal is reported to the PLC:
IS "Synchronous mode" (DB31, ... DBX84.4) = 1.
Extended Functions
Number of synchronous spindles

It is possible to couple several following spindles to one leading spindle. The number of
following spindles on this leading spindle depends on the respective version of the appropriate
software versions.
Any number of following spindles in any channels of one NCU or a different NCU can be
coupled to this leading spindle.
Note that one spindle is always the master and the number of couplings results from the number
of axes less the master.
Options in synchronous mode

The following functions are available for synchronous mode:
● FS and LS turn at the same speed
(nFS = nLS; transformation ratio kÜ = 1)
● Rotation in the same or opposite direction between LS and FS
(can be defined positively or negatively using transformation ratio kÜ)
● Following and leading spindles rotate at different speeds
(nFS = kÜ · nLS; transformation ratio kÜ ≠ 1)
Application: Polygonal turning
● Settable angular position between FS and LS (φFS = φLS + Δφ)
The spindles run at synchronous speed with a defined angular offset between FS and LS
(position synchronous coupling).
Application: Shaped workpieces
● Activation of synchronous operation between LS and FS can take place when the spindles
are in motion or at standstill.
● The full functionality of the open-loop and position control modes is available for the leading
spindle.
● When synchronous mode is not active, the FS and LS can be operated in all other spindle
modes.
● The transformation ratio can also be altered when the spindles are in motion in active
synchronous mode.
● With synchronous spindle coupling switched on, the offset of the FS to the LS (overlaid
movement) can be altered.
Coupling options
Synchronous spindle couplings can be defined as
● Permanently configured via channel-specific machine data
(hereinafter referred to as "permanently configured coupling") as well as
● Freely defined using language commands (COUP...) in the part program
(hereafter referred to as "user defined coupling")
Extended Functions
. The following variants are possible:

1. A fixed configuration for a coupling can be programmed via machine data. In addition, a
second coupling can be freely defined via the part program.
2. No coupling is configured via machine data. In this case, the couplings can be user-defined
and parameterized via the part program.
Separate following spindle interpolator

The separate following spindle interpolator allows a number of following spindles from different
channels or from another NCU to be coupled as defined by the user to a single leading spindle.
The following spindle interpolator is
● COUPON or COUPONC activated and
● COUPOF or COUPOFS deactivated
and is always located in the channel in which the COUPON, COUPONC command has been
programmed for the following spindle. If the following spindle to be activated was previously
programmed in another channel, COUPON/COUPONC initiates an axis replacement and fetches
the spindle into its own channel.
Certain synchronous spindle functions can be controlled from the PLC by means of coupling-
specific axial VDI interface signals. These signals act exclusively on the slave spindles and
do not affect the leading spindle (see Section "Controlling synchronous spindle coupling via
PLC (Page 761)").
Definition of synchronous spindles

Before synchronous operation is activated, the spindles to be coupled (FS, LS) must be
defined.
This can be done in two ways depending on the application in question:
1. Permanently configured coupling:
Machine axes that are to function as the following spindle (FS) and leading spindle (LS)
are defined in channel-specific MD 21300 $MC_COUPLE_AXIS_1[n].
The machine axes programmed as the LS and FS for this coupling configuration cannot be
altered by the NC part program.
If necessary, the coupling parameters can be modified with the NC part program.
2. User-defined coupling:
Couplings can be created and altered in the NC part program with language command
"COUPDEF(FS, LS, ...)". If a new coupling relationship is to be defined, it may be necessary
to delete an existing user-defined coupling beforehand (with language command
COUPDEL(FS, LS)).
The axis names (Sn, SPI(n)) for the following and leading spindles must be programmed
with FS and LS for every language command COUP..., thus ensuring that the synchronous
spindle coupling is unambiguously defined.
The valid spindle number must then be assigned axis-specific machine data of a machine
axis:
MD35000 $MA_SPIND_ASSIGN_TO_MACHAX.
Extended Functions
IS "Following spindle active" (DB31, ... DBX99.1) and IS "Leading spindle active" (DB31, ...
DBX99.0) indicate to the PLC for each machine axis whether the axis is active as a leading or
following spindle.
The LS can be programmed either via a part program, PLC or also using synchronized actions.
Transformation ratio
The transformation ratio is programmed with separate numerical values for numerator and
denominator (transformation ratio parameters). It is therefore possible to specify the
transformation ratio very exactly, even with rational numbers.
In general:
kÜ = transformation ratio parameter for numerator Transformation ratio parameters for
denominator = Ünumerator : Üdenominator
The value range of the transformation ratio parameter (Ünumerator, Üdenominator) is virtually unlimited
in the control.
The transformation ratio parameters for the coupling configured via machine data can be
defined in channel-specific SD42300: COUPLE_RATIO_1[n]. In addition, the transformation
ratio can be altered with language command COUPDEF(FS, LS, Ünumerator, Üdenominator ,...). The
values entered in the setting data is not overwritten in this case (default settings).
The transformation ratio for the coupling defined via the NC part program can only be input
with language command COUPDEF (...).
The new transformation ratio parameters take effect as soon as the COUPDEF command has
been processed.
For further programming commands for synchronous spindle couplings, please see
"Programming of synchronous spindle couplings" Section .
Extended Functions
Coupling characteristics
The following characteristics can be defined for every synchronous spindle coupling:
● Block change behavior
The condition to be fulfilled for a block change can be defined on activation of synchronous
operation or on alteration of the transformation ratio or the defined angular offset when the
coupling is active:
– Block change takes place immediately
– Block change in response to "Fine synchronism"
– Block change in response to "Coarse synchronism"
– Block change for IPOSTOP (i.e. after setpoint-end synchronism)
– Check of the synchronism conditions at an arbitrary moment with WAITC.
● Type of coupling between FS and LS
The position setpoint or the actual position value of the leading spindle can be used as the
reference value for the following spindle. The following coupling types can therefore be
selected:
– Setpoint coupling (DV)
Use in position controlled operation. The control dynamic response of both spindles
should coincide as far as possible. Preferably, the setpoint coupling should be used.
– Actual value coupling (AV)
Application if no position control of the LS is possible or with great deviation of the control
characteristics between FS and LS. The setpoints for the FS are derived from the actual
values of the LS. The quality of synchronism is worse with a varying spindle speed than
with the setpoint coupling.
– Speed coupling (VV)
Internally, the velocity coupling is a setpoint coupling. The requirements for FS and LS
are lower. Position control and measuring systems are not required for FS and LS.
The position offset between FS and LS is undefined.
The selection of the relevant coupling characteristics for the configured coupling is made using
machine data (see Section "Configuration (Page 773)") and for the user defined coupling using
the COUPDEF language command (see Section "Definition (COUPDEF) (Page 767)").
In addition, coupling characteristics Type of coupling and Block change response can be
altered for the permanently configured coupling by means of language command COUPDEF.
References:
Programming Manual, Production Planning ("Synchronous Spindles").
Change protection for coupling characteristics

The channel-specific MD21340 $MC_COUPLE_IS_WRITE_PROT_1 is used to define whether
or not the configured coupling parameters Transformation ratio, Type of coupling and Block
change response can be altered by the NC part program:
0: Coupling parameters can be altered by the NC part program via command COUPDEF
1: Coupling parameters cannot be altered by the NC part program. Attempts to make changes
will be rejected with an alarm message.
Extended Functions
Superimposed motion
In synchronous operation, the synchronous spindle copies the movement of the leading spindle
in accordance with the programmed transformation ratio.
At the same time, the synchronous spindle can also be traversed with overlay so that the LS
and FS can operate at a specific angular position in relation to one another.
The overlaid traversing movement of the FS can be initiated in various ways:
● Programmable position offset of FS for AUTOMATIC and MDA:
– The COUPON and SPOS language commands can be used for active synchronous
operation to change the position reference between FS and LS (see Section "Selecting
synchronous mode for a part program (Page 758)").
● Manual position offset of FS:
– In JOG (JOG continuous or JOG incremental) mode
Superimposition of FS using the handwheel or with plus or minus traversing keys when
synchronous operation is active.
– In AUTOMATIC and MDA modes
Superimposition of FS with handwheel using DRF offset
As soon as the FS executes the overlaid traversing movement, IS "Overlaid movement"
(DB31, ... DBX98.4) is set to the 1 signal.
The overlaid movement is executed optimally in terms of time at the maximum possible FS
speed with COUPON. With an offset change by means of SPOS, the positioning velocity can
be specified with FA[Sn] and manipulated by an override (can be selected through IS "Feedrate
override valid for spindle" DB31, ... DBX17.0).
Note
For more information about specifying the position speed with FA[Sn]:
References:
Function Manual, Basic Functions; Spindles (S1), "Spindle modes, positioning operations"
section
Setpoint correction
The setpoint correction of the system variable $AA_COUP_CORR[Sn] impacts on all
subsequent following spindle programming in the same way as a position offset and
corresponds to a DRF offset in the MCS.
Example: establish correction value

If a coupling offset of 7° has been programmed using COUPON(....,77) and if a mechanical
offset of 81° has come about as a result of closing the workpiece support fixture, a correction
value of 4° is calculated:
The system variables return the following values for the following spindle:
$P_COUP_OFFS[S2] ; programmed position offset = 77°
Extended Functions
$AA_COUP_OFFS[S2] ; setpoint position offset = 77°

$VA_COUP_OFFS[S2] ; actual value position offset approx. 77°
$AA_COUP_CORR[S2] ; correction value = 4°
14.1.3 Prerequisites for synchronous mode
Conditions on selection of synchronous mode

The following conditions must be fulfilled before the synchronous spindle coupling is activated
or else alarm messages will be generated.
● The synchronous spindle coupling must have been defined beforehand (either permanently
configured via machine data or according to user definition via part program using
COUPDEF).
● The spindles to be coupled must be defined in the NC channel in which the coupling is
activated.
Channel-spec. MD20070 $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED
axis spec. MD35000 $MA_SPIND_ASSIGN_TO_MACHAX
● The following spindle must be assigned to the NC channel in which the coupling is activated.
Default setting with axis-specific MD30550 AXCONF_ASSIGN_MASTER_CHAN
● The following applies to setpoint and actual value couplings (DV, AV):
FS and LS must at least have a position measuring system for recording positions and
position controls must be started up.
Note
When position control is activated, the maximum setpoint speed of the LS is automatically
limited to 90% (control reserve) of the maximum speed. The limitation is signaled via IS
"Setpoint speed limited" (DB31, ... DBX83.1).
References:
Function Manual, Basic Functions; Spindles (S1)
● The following applies to setpoint couplings (DV):
To ensure more accurate synchronization characteristics, the LS should be in position
control mode (language instruction SPCON) before the coupling is activated.
● Before selecting the synchronous mode, the gear stage necessary for FS and LS must be
selected. In synchronous mode, gear stage changeover and therefore oscillation mode are
not possible for FS and LS. Upon request, an alarm message is generated.
Extended Functions
Cross-channel coupling
The LS can be located in any channel.
● The LS can be exchanged between channels by means of "Axis exchange".
● When several following spindles are coupled to one leading spindle, the dynamic response
of the coupling is determined by the weakest response as a function of the coupling factor.
The acceleration rate and maximum speed are reduced for the leading spindle to such a
degree that none of the coupled following spindles can be overloaded.
● The following spindle is always located in the channel in which the coupling has been
activated using COUPON or COUPONC.
14.1.4 Selecting synchronous mode for a part program
Activate coupling COUPON, COUPONC

Language command COUPON activates the coupling in the part program between the
programmed spindles with the last valid parameters and thus also activates synchronous
mode. This coupling may be a fixed configuration or user-defined. The leading spindle and/or
following spindle may be at standstill or in motion at the instant of activation.
Certain conditions must be fulfilled before synchronous operation can be activated (see
Section "Prerequisites for synchronous mode (Page 757)").
The COUPONC command adopts the previous programmed direction of spindle rotation and
spindle speed for the following and leading spindle in the part program. It is not possible to
specify an angular offset.
COUPON activation variants

Two different methods can be selected to activate synchronous mode:
1. Fastest possible activation of coupling with any angular reference between leading and
following spindles.
COUPON(FS, LS)
2. Activation of coupling with a defined angular offset POSFS between leading and following
spindle. With this method, the angular offset must be programmed on selection.
COUPON(FS, LS, POSFS)
Block change behavior

Before synchronous operation is selected, it must be determined under what conditions the
block change must occur when synchronous mode is activated (see Section "Definition
(COUPDEF) (Page 767)").
Extended Functions
Determine current coupling status

The $AA_COUP_ACT[<axial expression>] axial system variable can be used in the NC part
program to specify the current coupling status for the specified axis/spindle (see Section "Axial
system variables for synchronous spindle (Page 771)"). As soon as the synchronous spindle
coupling is active for the following spindle, bit 2 must be "1" when read.
Change defined angular offset

Language commands COUPON and SPOS allow the defined angular offset to be changed while
synchronous mode is active. The following spindle is positioned as an overlaid movement at
the angular offset programmed with POSFS. During this time, the IS "overlaid movement"
(DB31, ... DBX98.4) is set.
Angular offset POSFS

The defined angular offset POSFS must be specified as an absolute position referred to the
zero degrees position of the leading spindle in a positive direction of rotation.
The "0° position" of a position-controlled spindle is calculated as follows:
● From the zero mark or Bero signal of the measurement system and
● From the reference values saved using axis-specific machine data:
MD34100 $MA_REFP_SET_POS, reference point value,
of no significance with interval-coded systems.
MD34080 $MA_REFP_MOVE_DIST reference point distance/target point
with interval-coded systems,
MD34090 $MA_REFP_MOVE_DIST_CORR reference point offset / absolute offset with
interval coding.
Range of POSFS: 0 ... 359,999°.
References:
Function Manual Basic Functions; Reference Point Travel (R1)
Read current angular offset

Using axial system variables, it is possible to read the current position offset between the FS
and LS in the NC part program. A distinction is made between:
● Current position offset of setpoint between FS and LS
$AA_COUP_OFFS [<axis name for FS>]
● Current position offset of actual value between FS and LS
$VA_COUP_OFFS [<axis name for FS>]
(Explanation of <axis name>, see Section "Synchronous mode (Page 751)")
Activation after power ON

Synchronous mode can also be activated with non-referenced/synchronized FS or LS (IS
"Referenced/synchronized 1 or 2" DB31, ... DBX60.4 or DBX60.5 = 0). In this case, a warning
message is displayed.
Extended Functions
Example:
LS and FS are already coupled in a friction lock via a workpiece after power ON.
14.1.5 Deselecting the synchronous mode for the part program
Open coupling (COUPOF, COUPOFS)

Synchronous mode between the specified spindles is canceled by the parts program
instruction COUPOF. Three variants are possible.
If synchronous mode is canceled between the specified spindles using COUPOF, then it is
irrelevant whether this coupling is permanently configured or user defined. The leading and
following spindles can be at standstill or in motion when synchronous operation is deactivated.
On switching off the synchronous mode with COUPOF, the following spindle is put into control
mode. The originally programmed S-word is no longer valid for the FS, the following spindle
can be operated like any other normal spindle.
When the coupling is opened with COUPOF, a block preprocessing stop STOPRE is generally
initiated internally in the control.
The COUPOFS instruction can be used to open a coupling either as quickly as possible with a
stop and no position data or with a stop at the programmed position.
COUPOF variants
Three different methods can be used to deselect synchronous mode with COUPOF:
1. Deactivation of coupling as quickly as possible
The block change is enabled immediately.
COUPOF(FS, LS)
2. A coupling is not deselected until the following spindle has crossed the programmed
deactivation position POSFS.
The block change is then enabled.
COUPOF(FS, LS, POSFS)
3. A coupling is not deselected until the following spindle and leading spindle has crossed the
programmed deactivation positions POSFS and POSLS.
COUPOF(FS, LS, POSFS , POSLS)
POSFS, POSLS
Deactivation positions POSFS and POSLS match the actual positions of FS and LS respectively
referred to the defined reference point value.
Range of POSFS, POSLS: 0 ... 359,999°.
References:
Extended Functions
COUPOF during the motion

If synchronous mode is deselected while the spindles are in motion with COUPOF, the following
spindle continues to rotate at the current speed (nFS). The current speed can be read with
system variable $AA_S in the NC parts program.
The following spindle can then be stopped from the parts program with M05, SPOS, SPOSA or
from the PLC with the appropriate interface signal.
COUPOFS with stop of following spindle

Opening a synchronous spindle coupling is extended by a stop of the following spindle:
● Deactivating a coupling as quickly as possible and opening a coupling as quickly as
possible.
COUPOFS(FS, LS)
● Opening the coupling with stop of following spindle at the programmed position. The block
change is then enabled.
Condition:
COUPOFS(FS, LS) and COUPOFS(FS, LS, POSFS) have no meaning if a coupling was active.
14.1.6 Controlling synchronous spindle coupling via PLC
Controlling following spindle via PLC

Using the coupling-specific, axial VDI interface signals, it is possible to control synchronization
motions for the following spindle from the PLC program. This offers the option of utilizing the
PLC to disable, suppress or restore a synchronization motion for the following spindle specified
by offset programming.
These signals have no effect on the leading spindle. The following coupling-specific VDI signal
(PLC → NCK) is available:
IS "Disable synchronization" (DB31, ... DBX31.5)
"Disable synchronization"
The synchronization motion for the following spindle is suppressed using the axial signal IS
"Disable synchronization" (DB31, ... DBX31.5).
When the main run advances to a block containing part program instruction COUPON (FS, LS,
offset), the following interface signal is evaluated for the following spindle:
Extended Functions
IS "Disable synchronization" (DB31, ... DBX31.5).

● For IS "Disable synchronization" (DB31, ... DBX31.5) = 0, the position offset is traversed
through as before.
● For IS "Disable synchronization" (DB31, ... DBX31.5) = 1, only the continuous velocity
synchronism is established. The following spindle does not execute any additional
movement.
The coupling then responds analogously to a programmed COUPON(<FS>,<LS>).
Special features
For the IS "Disable synchronization" (DB31, ... DBX31.5) offset motion of the following spindle
cannot be controlled that was generated as follows:
● SPOS, POS
● Synchronized actions
● FC18 (for 840D sl)
● JOG
These functions are controlled by VDI signal IS "Feedrate stop/Spindle stop" (DB31, ...
DBX4.3).
Synchronized state reached

Whenever a state of synchronism has been reached, the following two VDI signals are set
regardless of whether synchronization has been disabled or not:
IS "Synchronism coarse" (DB31, ... DBX98.1) and
IS "Synchronism fine" (DB31, ... DBX98.0)
Further block changes after COUPON are not prevented by suppression of synchronization.
Example
Block change behavior after COUPON

; IS "Disable synchronization"
; set (DB31, ... DBX31.5) = 1 for S2
N51 SPOS=10 SPOS[2]=10 ; Positions correspond to an offset
; of 0°
N52 COUPDEF(S2,S1,1,1,"FINE","DV")
N53 COUPON(S2,S1,77) ; Actual offset of 0 degrees is retained
; no following spindle movement,
; VDI signals
; IS "Synchronism coarse"
; (DB31, ... DBX98.1) and
; IS "Synchronism fine"
; (DB31, ... DBX98.0)
Extended Functions

; are set and the block change
; enabled.
N54 M0
N57 COUPOF(S2,S1)
N99 M30
Reset and recovery

Resetting the IS "Disable synchronization" (DB31, ... DBX31.5) has no effect on the following
spindle offset. If the offset motion of the following spindle has been suppressed by the VDI
interface signal, then the offset is not automatically applied when the VDI signal is reset.
Synchronization is recovered as follows:
● By repeating the part program operation COUPON (FS, LS, offset) with IS "Disable
synchronization" (DB31, ... DBX31.5) = 0.
COUPON (FS, LS, offset) can be written e.g. in an ASUB.
● By setting the IS "Resynchronize" (DB31, ... DBX31.4) = 1
Read offset
The following system variables can be used to read three different position offset values of the
following spindle from the part program and synchronized actions. The variable
$P_COUP_OFFS[Sn] is only available in the part program.
Description NCK variable

Programmed position offset of the synchronous spindle $P_COUP_OFFS[Sn]
Position offset of synchronous spindle, setpoint end $AA_COUP_OFFS[Sn]
Position offset of synchronous spindle, actual value end $VA_COUP_OFFS[Sn]
"Feedrate stop/spindle stop"

By configuring bit 4 in MD30455 MISC_FUNCTION_MASK, the behavior of the axial IS
"Feedrate stop/Spindle stop" (DB31, ... DBX4.3) is defined for the following spindle.
Bit 4 = 0 compatibility method:
Canceling feed enable for the following spindle decelerates the coupling assembly.
Bit 4 = 1:
Feedrate enable refers only to the interpolation component (SPOS),..) and does not affect the
coupling.
Note
Other configuration options for axis functions using MD30455 $MA_MISC_FUNCTION_MASK:
References:
Function Manual, Basic Functions; Rotary Axes (R2), Section: Programming rotary axes
Extended Functions
14.1.7 Monitoring of synchronous operation
Fine/coarse synchronism
In addition to conventional spindle monitoring operations, synchronous operation between the
FS and LS is also monitored in synchronous mode.
IS "Fine synchronism" (DB31, ... DBX98.0) or IS "Coarse synchronism" (DB31, ... DBX98.1)
is transmitted to the PLC to indicate whether the current position (AV, DV) or actual speed
(VV) of the following spindle lies within the specified tolerance window.
When the coupling is switched on, the signals "Coarse synchronism" and "Fine synchronism"
are updated when setpoint synchronism is reached.
Extended Functions
The size of the tolerance windows is set with machine data of the FS. Reaching of the
synchronism is influenced by the following factors:
● AV, DV: Position variance between FS and LS
● VV: Difference in speed between FS and LS
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synchronization on a turning leading spindle
Extended Functions
14.2 Programming
Threshold values
The relevant position or velocity tolerance range for the following spindle in relation to the
leading spindle must be specified in degrees or 1 rev/min.
● Threshold value for "Coarse synchronism"
axis spec. MD37200: AV, DV: COUPLE_POS_TOL_COARSE
MD37220: VV: COUPLE_VELO_TOL_COARSE
● Threshold value for "Fine synchronism"
axis spec. MD37210: AV,DV: COUPLE_POS_TOL_FINE
MD37230: VV: COUPLE_VELO_TOL_FINE
Speed/acceleration limits
In synchronous mode, the speed and acceleration limit values of the leading spindle are
adjusted internally in the control in such a way that the following spindle can imitate its
movement, allowing for the currently selected gear stage and effective speed ratio, without
violating its own limit values.
For example, the LS is automatically decelerated to prevent the FS from exceeding the
maximum speed in order to maintain synchronism between the spindles.
14.2 Programming
Coupling commands with leading-spindle programming
Command Function
COUPDEF(FS, LS, ...) Define coupling or change for configured coupling
COUPON(FS, LS, POSFS) Switch the coupling on
COUPONC(FS, LS) Activate coupling with transfer of the currently effective speed
of the following spindle
COUPOF(FS, LS, POSFS, POSLS) Switch the coupling off
COUPOFS(FS, LS, POSFS) Deactivate coupling with stop of the following spindle
COUPDEL (FS, LS) Delete coupling
COUPRES (FS, LS) Reactivate configured coupling data
Coupling commands without leading-spindle programming
Command Function
COUPOF(FS, POSFS, POSLS) Switch the coupling off
COUPOFS(FS, POSFS) Deactivate coupling with stop of the following spindle
COUPDEL(FS) Delete coupling
COUPRES(FS) Reactivate configured coupling data
Extended Functions
14.2 Programming
See also
Definition (COUPDEF) (Page 767)
Switch the coupling (COUPON, COUPONC, COUPOF) on and off (Page 770)
14.2.1 Definition (COUPDEF)
Programmable couplings
The number of couplings can be programmed as often as desired depending on the axes
available. This number results from the number of axes/spindles less one for the master.
Furthermore, one coupling can also be configured via machine data as in earlier SW versions.
Permanently configured coupling

The coupling characteristics and transformation ratio for a permanently configured
synchronous spindle coupling can be altered by the NC part program provided that they are
not write-protected. The machine axes for LS and FS cannot be changed.
Define new couplings

Language command "COUPDEF" can be used to create new synchronous spindle couplings
(user-defined) and to modify the parameters for existing couplings.
When the coupling parameters are fully specified, the following applies:
COUPDEF(FS, LS, Tnumerator, Tdenominator, block change behavior, coupling type)
The synchronous spindle coupling is unambiguously defined with FS and LS
The other coupling parameters must only be programmed when they need to be changed. The
last valid status remains applicable for non-specified parameters.
The individual coupling parameters are explained below:
● FS, LS: Spindle name for following and leading spindles
e.g.: S1, SPI(1), S2, SPI(2)
The valid spindle number must be assigned in the axis-specific MD35000
$MA_SPIND_ASSIGN_TO_MACHAX of a machine axis.
● Tnumerator, Tdenominator: Transformation ratio parameters for numerator and denominator
The transformation ratio is specified in the form of numeric values for numerator and
denominator (see Section "Synchronous mode (Page 751)").
The numerator must always be programmed. If no denominator is specified, then its value
is always assumed to be "1.0".
● Block change behavior
This parameter allows you to select when the block change should take place when
synchronous operation is selected:
NOC: Block change is enabled immediately
FINE: Block change in response to "Fine synchronism"
Extended Functions
14.2 Programming
COARSE: Block change in response to "Coarse synchronism"

IPOSTOP: Block change for IPOSTOP (i.e. after setpoint-end synchronism)
The block change response is specified as a character string (i.e. with quotation marks).
The block change response can be specified simply by writing the letters in bold print. The
remaining letters can be entered to improve legibility of the part program but they are not
otherwise significant.
If no block change response is specified, then the currently selected response continues to
apply.
With the programmable synchronism test markers WAITC, the replacement with new blocks
is delayed until the parameterized synchronism is reached.
● Coupling type
DV (Desired Values): Setpoint coupling between FS and LS
AV (Actual Values): Actual value coupling between FS and LS
VV (Velocity Values): Speed coupling between FS and LS
If no coupling type is specified, then the currently selected type continues to apply.
Note
The coupling type may only be changed when synchronous operation is deactivated!
Examples
COUPDEF (SPI(2), SPI(1), 1.0, 1.0, "FINE", "DV")
COUPDEF (S2, S1, 1.0, 4.0)
COUPDEF (S2, SPI(1), 1.0)
Default settings
The following default settings apply to user-defined couplings:
● ÜNumerator=1.0
● ÜDenominator =1.0
● Block change response = IPOSTOP (block change enabled with setpoint synchronism)
● Type of coupling = DV (setpoint coupling)
Delete couplings
Language command "COUPDEL" is used to delete user-defined couplings.
Extended Functions
14.2 Programming
COUPDEL (FS, LS)
Note
COUPDEL impacts on an active coupling, deactivates it and deletes the coupling data. Alarm
16797 is therefore meaningless.
The following spindle adopts the last speed. This corresponds to the behavior associated with
COUPOF(FS, LS).
Activate original coupling parameters

Language command "COUPRES" can be used to re-activate the configured coupling
parameters.
COUPRES (FS, LS)
The parameters modified using COUPDEF (including the transformation ratio) are subsequently
deleted.
Language command "COUPRES" activates the parameters stored in the machine and setting
data (configured coupling) and activates the default settings (user-defined coupling).
Programmable block change

It is possible to mark a point in the NC program using the "WAITC" language command. The
system waits at this point for fulfillment of the synchronism conditions for the specified FS and
delays changes to new blocks until the specified state of synchronism is reached (see "Figure
14-3 Synchronism monitoring with COUPON and synchronism test mark WAITC with
synchronization on a turning leading spindle (Page 765)").
WAITC (FS)
Advantage: The time between activating the synchronous coupling and reaching synchronism
can be used in a meaningful way, technologically speaking.
Note
Basically, it is always possible to write WAITC. If the spindle indicated is not active as FS, the
command for this spindle is without effect.
If no synchronism condition is indicated, the check is always performed for the synchronism
condition programmed/configured on the respective coupling, at least for the setpoint
synchronism.
Examples:
WAITC(S2),
:
WAITC(S2, "Fine"),
:
WAITC(S2, ,S4, "Fine")
Extended Functions
14.2 Programming
Stop and block change

If "Stop" has been activated for the cancellation period of the axis enables for the leading or
following spindle, then the last setpoint positions with the setting of the axis enables from the
servo drive are approached again.
Commands COUPON and WAITC can influence the block change behavior. The block change
criterion is defined using COUPDEF or via the MD21320
$MC_COUPLE_BLOCK_CHANGE_CTRL_1.
14.2.2 Switch the coupling (COUPON, COUPONC, COUPOF) on and off
Activate synchronous mode

Language command COUPON is used to activate couplings and synchronous mode.
Two methods by which synchronous operation can be activated are available:
1. COUPON(FS, LS)
Fastest possible activation of synchronous operation with any angular reference between
the leading and following spindles.
2. COUPON(FS, LS, POSFS)
Activation of synchronous operation with a defined angular offset POSFS between the
leading and following spindles. This offset is referred to the zero degrees position of the
leading spindle in a positive direction of rotation. The block change is enabled according
to the defined setting. Range of POSFS: 0 ... 359.999 degrees.
3. COUPONC(FS, LS)
When activating with COUPONC, the previous programming of M3 S... or M4 S... is adopted.
A difference in speed is transferred immediately. An offset position cannot be programmed.
By programming COUPON(FS, LS, POSFS) or SPOS when synchronous operation is already
active, the angular offset between LS and FS can be changed.
Deactivate synchronous mode

Three different methods can be selected to deactivate synchronous mode:
1. COUPOF(FS, LS)
Fastest possible deactivation of synchronous operation. The block change is enabled
immediately.
2. COUPOF(FS, LS, POSFS)
Deselection of synchronous operation after deactivation position POSFS has been crossed.
Block change is not enabled until this position has been crossed.
3. COUPOF(FS, LS, POSFS, POSLS)
Deselection of synchronous operation after the two deactivation positions POSFS and
POSLS have been crossed. Block change is not enabled until both programmed positions
have been crossed.
Range of POSFS, POSLS: 0 ... 359,999°.
Extended Functions
14.2 Programming
If continuous path control (G64) is programmed, a non-modal stop is generated internally in

the control.
Examples:
COUPDEF (S2, S1, 1.0, 1.0, "FINE, "DV")
:
COUPON (S2, S1, 150)
:
COUPOF (S2, S1, 0)
:
COUPDEL (S2, S1)
1. COUPOFS(FS, LS)
Deactivating a coupling with stop of the following spindle. Block change is performed as
quickly as possible with immediate block change.
2. COUPOFS(FS, LS, POSFS)
After the programmed deactivation position that refers to the machine coordinate system
has been crossed, the block change is not enabled until the deactivation positions POSFS
have been crossed.
Value range 0 ... 359.999°.
14.2.3 Axial system variables for synchronous spindle
Determining current coupling status

The current coupling status of the following spindle can be read in the NC part program with
the following axial system variable:
$AA_COUP_ACT[<axial expression>]
For explanation of <axial expression>, see Section "Synchronous mode (Page 751)".
Example:
$AA_COUP_ACT[S2]
The value read has the following significance for the following spindle:
Byte = 0: No coupling active

Bit 2 = 1: Synchronous spindle coupling active
Bit 2 = 0: Synchronized spindle coupling is not active
Read current angular offset

The current position offset between the FS and LS can be read in the NC part program by
means of the following axial system variables:
● Setpoint-based position offset between FS and LS:
$AA_COUP_OFFS[<axial expression>]
● Actual-value-based position offset between FS and LS:
$VA_COUP_OFFS[<axial expression>]
Extended Functions
14.2 Programming
Example:
$AA_COUP_OFFS[S2]
If an angular offset is programmed with COUPON, this coincides with the value read after reading
the setpoint synchronization.
Reading the programmed angular offset

The position offset last programmed between the FS and LS can be read in the NC part
program by means of the following axial system variables:
$P_COUP_OFFS[<axial expression>]
Note
After cancellation of the servo enable signal when synchronous operation and follow-up mode
are active, the position offset applied when the controller is enabled again is different to the
originally programmed value.
$P_COUP_OFFS only returns the value originally programmed. $AA_COUP_OFFS and
$VA_COUP_OFFS return the current value. The programmed offset can be recreated with
NST DB31, ... DBX31.4 (resynchronization).
14.2.4 Automatic selection and deselection of position control
Behavior in speed control mode

In DV coupling mode, program instructions COUPON, COUPONC and COUPOF, COUPOFS are
used to activate and/or deactivate position control for the leading spindle as required. If there
are several following spindles on the leading spindle, then in speed-controlled mode, the
first DV activates coupling position control for the leading spindle and the last DV coupling
deactivates coupling position control for the leading spindle if SPCON is not programmed.
The leading spindle does not need to be located in the same channel as the following spindle.
Automatic selection with COUPON and COUPONC

Depending on the coupling type, the effect of COUPON and COUPONC on the position control
for synchronous operation is as follows:
Coupling type DV AV VV
Following spindle FS Position control ON Position control ON No action
Leading spindle LS Position control On 1
No action No action
1
The position control is activated by a COUPON and COUPONC instruction if at least one
following spindle has been coupled to it with coupling type DV.
Extended Functions
14.3 Configuration
Automatic deselection with COUPOF and COUPOFS

Depending on the coupling type, the effect of COUPOF and COUPOFS on the position control
is as follows:
Coupling type DV AV VV
Following spindle FS Position control OFF 2
Position control OFF 2
No action 2
Leading spindle LS Position control OFF 3 No action No action
2
COUPOF and COUPOFS without position specification
Speed control mode is activated for the following spindle. Positioning mode is activated with
COUPFS with a stop position. Position control is not deactivated if the following spindle was
located in position-controlled spindle mode using SPCON or COUPFS was programmed with
position.
3
With COUPOF position control is deactivated if there are no more couplings of the DV coupling
type for this leading spindle. Position control is retained if the leading spindle is in positioning
mode or axial mode or was in position-controlled spindle mode using SPCON.
14.3 Configuration
Note
One synchronous-spindle coupling can be configured for each channel.
Table 14-1 Machine data
Number Name: $MC_ Function

MD21300 COUPLE_AXIS_1[<n>] Machine axes of the synchronous-spindle coupling:
● <n> = 0: Machine axis number of the following spindle
● <n> = 1: Machine axis number of the leading spindle
Machine axis numbers in accordance with: MD20070 $MC_AXCONF_MA‐
CHAX_USED (machine axes in the channel)
Machine axis numbers == 0: No coupling configured. The following system data
is then not relevant.
Note: The machine axes configured for the synchronous-spindle coupling cannot
be changed using program commands.
MD21320 COUPLE_BLOCK_ Block change release after activating the synchronous operation 1):
CHANGE_CTRL_1 ● Immediately
● On reaching "Synchronism fine"
● On reaching "Synchronism coarse"
● On reaching "Synchronism setpoint"
Note: No change protection1), the block change release can be changed with the
COUPDEF command.
Extended Functions
14.3 Configuration
Number Name: $MC_ Function

MD21310 COUPLING_MODE_1 Coupling type 1):
● Actual value coupling
● Setpoint value coupling
● Speed coupling
Note: No change protection1), the coupling type can be changed for deactivated
coupling with the COUPDEF command.
MD21330 COUPLE_RESET_ Behavior of the synchronous-spindle coupling with regard to NC Start, NC Stop
MODE_1 and Reset.
MD21340 COUPLE_IS_WRITE_ Change protection for coupling
PROT_1
1) See MD21340 $MC_COUPLE_IS_WRITE_PROT_1
Table 14-2 Setting data
Number Name: $SC_ Function

SD42300 COUPLE_RATIO_1[<n>] Speed transmission ratio: FS / LS = numerator / denominator 1):
● <n> = 0: Numerator (FS)
● <n> = 1: Denominator (LS)
Note: No change protection1), the transmission ratio can be changed with the
COUPDEF command.
1) See MD21340 $MC_COUPLE_IS_WRITE_PROT_1
14.3.1 Response of the synchronous-spindle coupling for NC Start

The behavior of the synchronous-spindle coupling during NC Start depends on the setting in
the following machine data:
Configured synchronous-spindle coupling
Response MD21330 $MC_COUPLE_RESET_MODE_1

Maintain coupling Bit 0 = 0
Deselect coupling Bit 0 = 1
Activate configured data Bit 5 = 1
Switch the coupling on Bit 9 = 1
Programmed synchronous-spindle coupling
Response MD20112 $MC_START_MODE_MASK

Maintain coupling Bit 10 = 0
Deselect coupling Bit 10 = 1
Extended Functions
14.4 Points to note
14.3.2 Behavior of the synchronous-spindle coupling for reset

The behavior of the synchronous operation for reset and at program end depends on the setting
in the following machine data:
Configured synchronous-spindle coupling
Response MD21330 $MC_COUPLE_RE‐ MD20110 $MC_RE‐

SET_ SET_MODE_MASK
MODE_1
Maintain coupling Bit 1 = 0 Bit 0 = 1
Deselect coupling Bit 1 = 1 Bit 0 = 1
Activate configured data Bit 6 = 1 Bit 0 = 1
Programmed synchronous-spindle coupling
Maintain coupling Bit 0 = 1, Bit 10 = 1
Deselect coupling Bit 0 = 1, Bit 10 = 0
14.4 Points to note
14.4.1 Special features of synchronous mode in general
Control dynamics
When using the setpoint coupling, the position control parameters of FS and LS (e.g. KV factor)
should be matched with one another. If necessary, different parameter blocks should be
activated for speed control and synchronized mode. The control parameters of the following
spindle may differ from position control, feedforward control and parameter block, as also in
the uncoupled case, set using MD30455 $MA_MISC_FUNCTION_MASK (see Section
"Special points regarding start-up of a synchronous spindle coupling (Page 788)").
Precontrol
Due to the improved control system dynamic response it provides, feedforward control for the
following and leading spindles in synchronous mode is always active.
It can, however, be deselected for FS and LS with axis-specific MD32620 $MA_FFW_MODE.
If MD32620 $MA_FFW_MODE is set to zero, there are function limitations. Position control
can no longer be activated in motion with SPCON. SPOS, M19 or SPOSA are therefore not
possible. The NC part program cannot deactivate the feedforward control for LS and FS with
FFWOF.
The feedforward control mode (speed or torque feedforward control) is defined in axis-specific
MD32620 $MA_FFW_MODE (see also Section "K3: Compensations (Page 251)").
Extended Functions
14.4 Points to note
Speed and acceleration limits

The speed and acceleration limits of the spindles operating in synchronous mode are
determined by the "weakest" spindle in the synchronous spindle pair. The current gear stages,
the programmed acceleration and, for the leading spindle, the effective position control status
(On/Off) are taken into account for this purpose.
The maximum speed of the leading spindle is calculated internally in the control taking into
account the speed ratio and the spindle limitations of the following spindle.
Multiple couplings
If the system detects that a coupling is already active for an FS and LS when the synchronous
mode is activated, then the activation process is ignored and an alarm message is generated.
Examples of multiple couplings:
● A spindle is acting as the FS for several LS
● Coupling cascade (an FS is an LS of an additional coupling)
Number of configurable spindles per channel

Every axis in the channel can be configured as a spindle. The number of axes per channel
depends on the control version.
Cross-channel setpoint coupling

● Cross-channel synchronous spindle couplings can be implemented with no additional
restrictions for DV, AV, and VV.
● Any number of following spindles, corresponding to the number of all spindles minus one
spindle for the master, in any channels on an NCU can be coupled to one leading spindle.
Start synchronous mode using ASUB

When the PLC starts an ASUB, in the AUTOMATIC or MDI modes, synchronous operation
can be switched on and off – or terminated.
References:
Function Manual, Basic Functions, Mode Group, Channel, Program Operation, Reset Behavior
(K1)
Response to alarms
In the case of an alarm, which occurs during synchronous operation, and acts as alarm
response "withdraw control enable" and "activate follow-up mode" in the control, the ongoing
control behavior is the same as the behavior due to NC/PLC interface signals:
● DB31, ... DBX2.1 = 0 (controller enable)
● DB31, ... DBX1.4 = 1 (follow-up mode)
(See Section "Synchronous mode and NC/PLC interface signals (Page 779)")
Extended Functions
14.4 Points to note
By resynchronizing via the NC/PLC interface signal:

DB31, ... DBX31.4 = 0 → 1 (resynchronization)
If the programmed offset is restored (see Section "Restore synchronism of following spindle
(Page 777)").
Block search when synchronous operation is active
Note
When synchronous operation is active for a block search, then it is recommended that only
block search type 5, "Block search via program test" (SERUPRO), is used.
14.4.2 Restore synchronism of following spindle
Causes for a positional offset

When the coupling is reactivated after the drive enable signals have been canceled, a
positional offset can occur between the leading and following spindles if follow-up mode is
activated. A positional offset can be caused by:
● A part has been clamped or both spindles have been turned manually (machine area is
open, drives are disconnected from supply).
● After the spindle enable signals are canceled, the two spindles coast to standstill at different
speeds if they are not mechanically coupled.
● A drive alarm occurs (internal follow-up mode):
DB31, ... DBX61.3 (follow-up mode active) = 1
When the alarm is cleared, the NC must not trigger any synchronization motion.
● A synchronization was not executed due to a synchronization lock of the following spindle:
DB31, ... DBX29.5 (Disable synchronization)
Basic procedure
If the following and leading spindles have fallen out of synchronism, or failed to synchronize
at all, synchronism can be restored between them by the following measures:
1. Set the axis enable signals and cancel synchronization disable signal if this has been set.
2. Start following spindle resynchronization with the NC/PLC interface signal:
DB31, ... DBX31.4 (resynchronization)
Only after the resynchronization process is complete can the setpoint-end synchronism be
fully restored.
3. Wait until the coupled spindles have synchronized.
Extended Functions
14.4 Points to note
Enable resynchronization
Setting the enabling signals closes the coupling at the current actual positions. The two
following NC/PLC interface signals are set:
DB31, ... DBX98.1 (coarse synchronism)
DB31, ... DBX98.0 (fine synchronism)
The following requirements must be fulfilled for resynchronization to work:
● The axis enabling signal must be set for the following spindle.
● The PLC must not set any synchronization disables for the following spindle:
DB31, ... DBX31.5 (Disable synchronization)
Resynchronize following spindle

Resynchronization is started for the relevant following spindle and commences as soon as the
low-high edge of following interface signal is detected:
DB31, ... DBX31.4 (resynchronization)
The NC acknowledges the detection of the edge by outputting the NC/PLC interface signal:
DB31, ... DBX99.4 (synchronization running)
The interface signal "Synchronization running" is reset if:
● synchronization of the following spindle has been completed up to the stage at which there
is synchronism at the setpoint end.
● the NST DB31, ... DBX31.4 (resynchronization) was reset.
Response of synchronous signals during additional movements for the following spindle
The superimposed component is calculated to establish the synchronism signals.
Example
N51 SPOS=0 SPOS[2]=90
N52 OUPDEF(S2,S1,1,1,"FINE","DV")
N53 COUPON(S2,S1,77)
N54 M0 ; Offset=77°, "coarse", "fine" synchro-
nous run signals exist.
N55 SPOS[2]=0 FA[S2]=3600 ; Difference in speed, synchronism sig-
nals "coarse", "fine" are reported
N56 M0 ; (note tolerances, see above)
; Offset=0°, "coarse", "fine" synchro-
nous run signals exist.
N60 M2=3 S2=500 ; difference in speed, synchronism sig-
nals "coarse", "fine" are reported.
; offset undefined, synchronism signals
"coarse", "fine" are reported.
Extended Functions
14.4 Points to note

N65 M0 ; (Note tolerances, see above)
Note
The axis enable signals can be canceled to interrupt a movement overlaid on the following
spindle (e.g. SPOS). This component of the movement is not affected by IS "NC/PLC interface
signal" DB31, ... DBX31.4 (resynchronization), but is restored by the REPOS operation.
Supplementary condition
IS DB31, ... DBX31.4 (resynchronization) has any effect only if there is a defined offset
position between the following spindle and leading spindle.
This is the case following COUPON with offset positions such as COUPON(...,77) or SPOS,
SPOSA, M19 for the following spindle with a closed coupling..
14.4.3 Synchronous mode and NC/PLC interface signals
Note
During synchronous operation, the effect of the associated interface signal for the leading (LS)
or following spindle (FS) on the coupling must always be considered.
Spindle override (DB31, ... DBB19)

Only the spindle compensation value of the LS acts in the synchronous operation.
Spindle disable (DB31, ... DBX1.3)
LS FS coupling Response
0 0 off Setpoints are output
0 1 off No setpoint output for FS
1 0 off No setpoint output for LS
1 1 off No setpoint output for LS and FS
0 0 ON Setpoints are output
0 1 ON Spindle disable not effective for FS
1 0 ON Spindle disable also effective for FS, no setpoint output
1 1 ON No setpoint output for LS and FS
Extended Functions
14.4 Points to note
Controller enable (DB31, ... DBX2.1)
LS: Resetting the "controller enable" during synchronous operation

If the controller enable of the LS is reset during synchronous operation for active setpoint
coupling, a control-internal switching is made to the actual value coupling. If the controller
enable is reset while the LS is traversing, the LS is stopped and an alarm issued. Synchronous
operation remains active.
LS and FS: Selection of synchronous operation without controller enable

If the "controller enable" for LS and FS is not set for selected synchronous operation, it will be
activated. LS and FS, however, are not traversed until controller enable for LS and FS has
been granted.
LS and FS: Setting the "Controller enable"

The position assumed by a spindle with setting the "controller enable" depends on DB31, ...
DBX1.4 == <value> (follow-up operation):
<value> Assumed spindle position

0 Position when controller enable is canceled
1 Current position
Note
It is recommended for synchronous spindles during a block search, to write the DB31, ...
DBX2.1 interface signal (controller enable) always together for FS and LS. If this is not done,
the block search, for example, stops after a FS machining because the controller enable of
the LS is not pending.
Note
Synchronism error
If the DB31, ... DBX2.1 interface signal (controller enable) is canceled for the FS after Spindle
Stop without the coupling being deactivated beforehand, then any synchronism error resulting
from external intervention will not be compensated when the "controller enable" is activated
again. This causes any programmed angular relationship between FS and LS to be lost.
The angular relationship can be restored by resynchronizing: DB31, ... DBX31.4 = 1
(resynchronization)
Follow-up mode (DB31, ... DBX1.4)

For follow-up operation, the set position is regularly set to the current actual position:
DB31, ... DBX1.4 == 1 (follow-up operation) AND DB31, ... DBX2.1 == 0 (controller enable)
Extended Functions
14.4 Points to note
⇒ Cyclic: Set position = actual position
Note
DB31, ... DBX1.4 (follow-up operation) is relevant only for DB31, ... DBX2.1 == 0 (controller
enable)
Position measuring system 1/2 (DB31, ... DBX1.5 and 1.6)

Switchover of the position measuring system for the FS and LS is possible during synchronous
operation. The coupling is retained.
Note
It is recommended to switchover the position measuring system for FS and LS only for
deselected synchronous operation.
Delete distance-to-go / spindle reset (DB31, ... DBX2.2)
LS: Setting spindle reset during synchronous operation

The setting of spindle reset causes the LS to be braked to standstill with the parameterized
acceleration. Synchronous operation remains active.
Any superimposed movement, other than together with COUPON / COUPONC, will be completed
as fast as possible.
Spindle stop (feed stop) (DB31, ... DBX4.3)
LS and FS: Setting spindle stop during synchronous operation

The setting of "spindle stop" for FS or LS causes both spindles to be braked synchronous to
standstill. Synchronous operation remains active.
Resetting spindle stop

Once "spindle stop" has been reset for both spindles, reacceleration is made to the last valid
speed setpoint.
Application example
Bring FS and LS to a standstill when a protection door is opened during synchronous operation.
Signal characteristic for LS and FS:
1. Stop: DB31, ... DBX4.3 = 1 (spindle stop)
2. Waiting for standstill: DB31, ... DBX61.4 == 1
3. Stopping: DB31, ... DBX2.1 = 0 (controller enable)
Extended Functions
14.4 Points to note
Delete S value (DB31, ... DBX16.7)
LS: Delete S value during synchronous operation

If "delete S value" is set, the LS is braked to a standstill using a ramp. Synchronous operation
remains active.
FS: Delete S value during synchronous operation

The control interface signal does not have any function for the FS in synchronous operation.
Resynchronize spindle 1/2 (DB31, ... DBX16.4 and 16.5)
LS: Resynchronizing the position measuring system during synchronous operation
Note
It is recommended to resynchronize the position measuring system of the LS only for
deselected synchronous operation.
Resynchronize (DB31, ... DBX31.4)
FS: Restoring the programmed angular offset

If synchronism between FS and LS is lost or not performed, the programmed angular offset
can be restored.
● Requirement: DB31, ... DBX31.4 = 1 (resynchronization)
● Acknowledgment: DB31, ... DBX99.4 == 1 (synchronization running)
Traverse keys for JOG (DB31, ... DBX4.6 and 4.7)

The "plus and minus traversing keys" for JOG are not disabled in the control for the FS in
synchronous operation, i.e. the FS executes a superimposed motion if one of these keys is
pressed.
Note
If superimposed traversing movements are to be precluded, they must be locked out by
measures in the PLC user program.
NC Stop axes plus spindles (DB21, ... DBX7.4)

"NC Stop axes plus spindles" in synchronous operation decelerates the coupled spindles in
accordance with the selected dynamic response. They continue to operate in synchronous
mode.
Extended Functions
14.4 Points to note
NC Start (DB21, ... DBX7.1)

(See Section "Response of the synchronous-spindle coupling for NC Start (Page 774)")
Note
NC Start after NC Stop does not deselect synchronous operation.
14.4.4 Differential speed between leading and following spindles
When does a differential speed occur?

A differential speed develops, e.g. with turning machine applications, when two spindles
oppose one other. Through the signed addition of two speed sources, a speed component is
derived from the leading spindle via the coupling factor. In addition to this, for the following
spindle a speed (S...) and a direction of rotation (M3/M4) can be programmed.
Generally, to achieve synchronous operation, a coupling factor is used with a value of '-1'. This
sign reversal then results in a differential speed for the following spindle as compared to an
additional programmed speed.
This typical behavior in relation to the NC is illustrated in the following diagram.
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0 0
Extended Functions
14.4 Points to note
Example
N01 M3 S500 ; S1 rotates in the positive direction with 500 rpm
; the master spindle is spindle 1
N02 M2=3 S2=300 ; S2 rotates in the positive direction with 300 rpm
N05 G4 F1
N10 COUPDEF(S2,S1,-1) ; Coupling factor -1:1
N11 COUPON(S2,S1) ; Activate coupling. The speed of the following spindle
S2 results from the speed of the leading spindle S1 and
the coupling factor.
N26 M2=3 S2=100 ; Programming the differential speed, S2 is the follow-
ing spindle.
Application
Manufacturing operations with positioned leading spindle and rotating tools require exact
synchronism with the counter spindle which then functions like a following spindle. A turret
rotating about the following spindle allows parts to be machined with different tool types.
The following diagram shows an application in which the tool is positioned parallel to the main
spindle.
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WRROLQUHYROYHU
;
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Figure 14-4 Single-slide lathe with revolver around the Z axis
Extended Functions
14.4 Points to note
Preconditions
Basic requirements for differential speed programming:
● Synchronous spindle functionality is required.
● The dynamic response of the following spindle must be at least as high as that of the leading
spindle. Otherwise, the system may suffer from reduced quality, for example, rigid tapping
without a compensating chuck G331/G332.
● The differential speed must be programmed in the channel in which the following spindle
is also configured. The leading spindle can be programmed in a different channel.
● The differential speed must be enabled for the following spindle by the PLC via IS "Enable
overlaid movement" (DB31, ... DBX26.4). If the enable signal has not been set, alarm 16771
"Channel% Following axis% Overlaid movement not enabled" is output. This alarm is
cleared when IS "Enable overlaid movement" (DB31, ... DBX26.4) is set or the coupling is
opened.
Note
Positioning motion such as SPOS, SPOSA, M19 and axis motion do not have to be enabled.
Note
The differential speed does not therefore affect the coupling process.
The following or leading spindle cannot change gear stages while a coupling is active.
Activate coupling with COUPONC

When the coupling is activated, the following spindle is accelerated, as before, to the leading
spindle speed through application of the coupling factor. If the following spindle is already
rotating (M3, M4) when the coupling is activated, it continues with this motion after coupling.
Deactivate coupling
If the coupling is deactivated, the following spindle continues to rotate at the speed
corresponding to the sum of both speed components. The spindle behaves as if it had been
programmed with the speed and direction transferred from the other spindle. When
deactivating, there are no differences to the previous behavior.
Differential speed
A differential speed results from the renewed programming of the following spindle (in the
example, S2=...) or M2=3, M2=4 in speed control mode during an active synchronous spindle
coupling or by adopting the speed of the following spindle for COUPONC.
Condition:
Speed S... must also be re-programmed with direction of rotation M3 or M4. Otherwise alarm
16111 "Channel% Block% Spindle% No speed programmed" is displayed.
Extended Functions
14.4 Points to note
Read offsets of following spindle

The current offset always changes when a differential speed is programmed. The current offset
can be read at the setpoint end with $AA_COUP_OFFS[Sn] and at the actual value end with
$VA_COUP_OFFS[Sn].
The last offset programmed returns the variable $P_COUP_OFFS[Sn].
Display differential speed

The programmed difference component is displayed as the speed setpoint for the programmed
differential speed (in our example, corresponds to 100 rpm).
The actual speed refers to the motor speed. In the example, the actual speed is 500 rev/min
* (-1) + 100 rpm = -400 rev/min.
IS NCK to PLC
Following spindle in speed-controlled operation
The IS "Spindle in setpoint range" (DB31, ... DBX83.5) is set for the following spindle by the
NCK if the programmed speed difference (see previous example, N26 with M2=3 S2=100) is
reached. If a differential speed is programmed and not enabled by the PLC, this VDI interface
signal is not set.
Even if a differential speed has been programmed, the following spindle remains under position
control if this is required by the coupling.
Note
The axial VDI interface signal NCK → PLC IS "Superimposed motion" (DB31, ... DBX98.4) is
set when the differential speed programming creates setpoints in addition to the coupling
setpoints.
Actual direction of rotation clockwise (DB31, ... DBX83.7)

IS "Actual direction of rotation clockwise" (DB31, ... DBX83.7) refers to the resulting motor
direction.
IS PLC to NCK
Influence on following spindle via PLC interface
The effect of the axial VDI interface signals on the following spindle with differential speed in
speed control mode is described below:
Delete distance to go / Spindle Reset (DB31, ... DBX2.2)

The programmed differential speed and direction can be terminated by IS "Delete distance-to-
go / Spindle Reset" (DB31, ... DBX2.2). To delete the programmed speed only, it is possible
to set IS "Delete S value" (DB31, ... DBX16.7).
Extended Functions
14.4 Points to note
Resynchronize spindle 1/2 (DB31, ... DBX16.4 and 16.5)

The IS "Resynchronize spindle 1/2" (DB31, ... DBX16.4/16.5) are not locked. Any positional
offset is not compensated automatically by the coupling.
Invert M3/M4 (DB31, ... DBX17.6)

IS "Invert M3/M4" (DB31, ... DBX17.6) only inverts the additional programmed speed
component for the following spindle.
The motion component generated by the synchronous spindle coupling remains unaffected.
Spindle override (DB31, ... DBB19)

The "Spindle override" VDI interface (DB31, ... DBB19) only affects the additional programmed
speed component for the following spindle. If the spindle override switch is transferred to all
axial inputs, then any change in the spindle override value is applied twice to the following
spindle:
● once indirectly by a change in speed for the leading spindle and
● once in the programmed component of the following spindle.
The offset value can be adjusted accordingly in the PLC program.
Deselecting the coupling

If the coupling is deactivated, the following spindle continues to rotate at the speed
corresponding to the sum of both speed components. The motion transition upon coupling
deselection is at continuous speed.
With COUPOF , the spindle behaves as if it had been programmed with the speed and direction
transferred from the other spindle. In the example, this would be M4 S400.
When COUPOFS is programmed, the following spindle is decelerated to standstill from the
current speed.
Activate additional functions

The following spindle can also be a master spindle. In this case, it is capable of additional
functions.
● Rotational feedrate with G95, G96 and G97. With G96 S2=... the "constant cutting speed"
can be activated for the following spindle.
The speed dependent on the position of the transverse axis is the setpoint speed for the
speed interpolator of spindle 2 and is therefore included in the total speed of S2.
● Rigid tapping without compensating chuck with G331, G332.
Extended Functions
14.4 Points to note
14.4.5 Behavior of synchronism signals during synchronism correction
Effect of synchronism correction

New synchronism signals are produced by comparing the actual values with the corrected
setpoints. Once a correction process has been undertaken, the synchronism signals should
be present again.
14.4.6 Delete synchronism correction and NC reset

Variable $AA_COUP_CORR[Sn] returns the value zero for different situations in which the
synchronism correct is deleted:
● Once a synchronized spindle coupling has been activated for the following in question with
COUPON(..)/COUPONC(..), an existing synchronism correction is adopted in the setpoint
position.
● A synchronism correction active during NC reset but not at the parts program end is adopted
in the setpoint position. This does not affect the synchronism signals.
● At M30, an existing synchronism correction is retained
● At the user end, the correction value can also be deleted at any early point by describing
the variable $AA_COUP_CORR with the value zero. The synchronism correction is
removed immediately and using a ramp with reduced acceleration rate if larger values are
involved.
14.4.7 Special points regarding start-up of a synchronous spindle coupling
Spindle start-up
The leading and following spindles must be started up initially like a normal spindle. The
appropriate procedure is described in:
References:
CNC Commissioning Manual: NCK, PLC, Drive
Requirements
The following parameters must then be set for the synchronous spindle pair:
● The machine numbers for the leading and following spindles
(for permanently configured coupling with channel-specific machine data MD21300
$MC_COUPLE_AXIS_1[n])
● The required coupling mode (setpoint, actual value or speed coupling)
(for permanently configured coupling with channel-specific machine data
MD21310 $MC_COUPLING_MODE_1[n])
Extended Functions
14.4 Points to note
● The gear stage(s) of FS and LS for synchronous operation

● The following coupling properties are still applicable for permanently configured
synchronous spindle coupling:
– Block change response in synchronous spindle operation:
MD21320 $MC_COUPLE_BLOCK_CHANGE_CTRL_1
– Coupling cancellation response:
MD21330 $MC_COUPLE_RESET_MODE_1
– Write-protection for coupling parameters:
MD21340 $MC_COUPLE_IS_WRITE_PROT_1
– Transformation parameters for synchronous spindle coupling:
SD42300 $SC_COUPLE_RATIO_1[n]
Command behavior of FS and LS for setpoint coupling

In order to obtain the best possible synchronism in setpoint couplings, the FS and LS must
have the same dynamic response as the response to setpoint changes. The axial control loops
(position, speed and current controllers) should each be set to the optimum value so that
variances can be eliminated as quickly and efficiently as possible.
The dynamic response adaptation function in the setpoint branch is provided to adapt different
axis dynamic responses without loss of control quality (see also Section "K3: Compensations
(Page 251)"). The following control parameters must each be set optimally for the FS and LS:
● KV factor (MD32200 $MA_POSCTRL_GAIN)
● Feedforward control parameters
MD32620 $MA_FFW_MODE
MD32610 $MA_VELO_FFW_WEIGHT
MD32650 $MA_AX_INERTIA
MD32800 $MA_EQUIV_CURRCTRL_TIME
MD32810 $MA_EQUIV_SPEEDCTRL_TIME
Behavior during loss of synchronism:
● Axis-specific MD32620 $MA_FFW_MODE
We recommend setting the feedforward control mode of the following axis to speed
feedforward control with Tt symmetrization MD32620 = 3.
This feedforward control mode can be further optimized for a more secure symmetrization
process by changing the axis-specific machine data:

MD32810 EQUIV_SPEEDCTRL_TIME Equivalent time constant speed control loop for
feedforward control
MD37200 COUPLE_POS_TOL_COURSE Threshold value for "Coarse synchronism"
MD37210 COUPLE_POS_TOL_FINE Threshold value for "Fine synchronism"
MD37220 COUPLE_VELO_TOL_COURSE Velocity tolerance 'coarse'
MD37220 COUPLE_VELO_TOL_FINE Velocity tolerance 'fine'
In such cases, higher threshold values for the synchronism signals and larger position and/or
speed tolerances result in more stable results.
Extended Functions
14.4 Points to note
Dynamic response adaptation

To obtain a good control behavior, FS and LS must have the same dynamic response. The
following error for FS and LS must be equal at any given speed. For dynamically different
spindles, a matching via the dynamic response adaptation can be achieved in the setpoint
branch. The difference of the equivalent time constants between the dynamic "weakest"
spindle to the associated other spindle must be entered as time constant of the dynamic
response adaptation.
Example
When the speed feedforward control is active, the dynamic response is primarily determined
by the equivalent time constant of the "slowest" speed control loop.
● Equivalent time constant LS: MD32810 $MA_EQUIV_SPEEDCTRL_TIME[<LS>] = 5 ms
● Equivalent time constant FS: MD32810 $MA_EQUIV_SPEEDCTRL_TIME[<FS>] = 3 ms
● Time constant of dynamic response adaptation for FS: MD32910
$MA_DYN_MATCH_TIME[<FS>] = 5 ms - 3 ms = 2 ms
● Activation of the dynamic response adaptation for FS: MD32900
$MA_DYN_MATCH_ENABLE[<FS>] = 1
The following error for FS and LS is identical for correctly set dynamic response adaptation:
Operating area "Diagnostics" > "Service axes"
For the optimization, it may be necessary to adjust servo gain factors or feedforward control
parameters slightly.
Position control parameter sets

In the case of spindles, each gear stage is assigned a position-control parameter set. These
parameter sets can be used to adapt the dynamic response for LS and FS in synchronous
operation. This requires that a different gear stage is used for speed and positioning operation
and synchronous operation. The associated gear stage must be switched before activating
the associated operating mode.
Control parameters
The following control parameters must be set identically for the FS and LS:
● MD33000 $MA_FIPO_TYPE (fine interpolator type)
● MD32400 $MA_AX_JERK_ENABLE (axial jerk limitation)
● MD32402 $MA_AX_JERK_MODE (filter type for axial jerk limitation)
● MD32410 $MA_AX_JERK_TIME (time constant for the axial jerk filter)
● MD32412 $MA_AX_JERK_FREQ (blocking frequency of the axial jerk filter)
● MD32414 $MA_AX_JERK_DAMP (damping of the axial jerk filter)
● MD32420 $MA_JOG_AND_POS_JERK_ENABLE (release jerk limitation)
● MD32430 $MA_JOG_AND_POS_MAX_JERK (axial jerk)
FS: Automatic parameterization of the control parameters

The control parameters of the following spindle can be set as follows using this machine data:
Extended Functions
14.4 Points to note
MD30455 $MA_MISC_FUNCTION_MASK
Bit 5=0: Synchronous spindle coupling, following spindle:
Position control, feedforward control and parameter block are set for the following spindle.
Bit 5=1: Synchronous spindle coupling:
The control parameters of the following spindle are set as in an uncoupled scenario.
References:
Function Manual Basic Functions; Velocities, Setpoint / Actual Value Systems, Closed-Loop
Control (G2)
Automatic transfer of the LS parameters for synchronous operation

For the automatic dynamic response adaptation for FS and LS, for synchronous operation, the
parameter values for the position control, feedforward control and parameter records of the
FS can be transferred from the LS:
MD30455 $MA_MISC_FUNCTION_MASK, Bit 5
Separate dynamic response for spindle and axis operations

In spindle and axis operations, dynamic programming FA, OVRA, ACC and VELOLIMA can
be set separately from one another with the following MD:
MD30455 $MA_MISK_FUNCTION_MASK Bit 6=0
Assignment is undertaken by the programmed axis or spindle name. For example, in spindle
operation, VELOLIMA[S1]=50 therefore only reduces the maximum speed to 50% and in axis
operation, VELOLIMA[C]=50 only reduces the maximum speed to 50%.
If, for example, VELOLIMA[S1]=50 and VELOLIMA[C]=50 are to have the same effect as
before with this machine data, the programming of FA, OVRA, ACC and VELOLIM have an
effect regardless of the programmed names:
MD30455 $MA_MISK_FUNCTION_MASK Bit 6=1
Knee-shaped acceleration characteristic

For the leading spindle, the effect of a knee-shaped acceleration characteristic on the following
spindle is identified by the following axis-specific machine data:
● MD35220 $MA_ACCEL_REDUCTION_SPEED_POINT (speed for reduced acceleration)
and
● MD35230 $MA_ACCEL_REDUCTION_FACTOR (reduced acceleration).
If MD35242 $MA_ACCEL_REDUCTION_TYPE is present, it is also used to configure the type
of acceleration reduction. Otherwise a hyperbolic drop in acceleration is assumed.
If the dynamic response of a following spindle is lower than that of the leading spindle when
the coupling factor is taken into account, the leading spindle dynamic response is reduced to
the required level while the coupling is active.
The acceleration should be constant over the entire speed range for the following spindle.
However, if a knee-shaped acceleration characteristic is also stored in the above-mentioned
Extended Functions
14.4 Points to note
machine data for the following spindle, this is only taken into account when the spindles are
coupled in. The setpoints of the following spindle are applied for the specified knee-shaped
acceleration characteristic.
References:
Function Manual, Basic Functions; Acceleration (B2),
Section: Knee-shaped acceleration characteristic
Actual value coupling

In an actual value coupling (AV), the drive for the FS must be considerably more dynamic than
the leading spindle drive. The individual drives in an actual value coupling are also set optimally
according to their dynamic response.
An actual value coupling should only be used in exceptional cases.
Speed coupling
The velocity coupling (VV) corresponds internally to a setpoint coupling (DV), but with lower
dynamic requirements of the FS and LS. A position control servo loop is not required for the
FS and/or LS. Measuring systems are not required.
Threshold values for coarse/fine synchronism

After controller optimization and feedforward control setting, the threshold values for coarse
and fine synchronism must be entered for the FS.
● Threshold value for "Coarse synchronism"
axis-specific MD7200: AV, DV: COUPLE_POS_TOL_COARSE
MD37220: VV: COUPLE_VELO_TOL_COARSE
● Threshold value for "Fine synchronism"
axis-specific MD37210: AV, DV: COUPLE_POS_TOL_FINE
MD37230: VV: COUPLE_VELO_TOL_FINE
The values of the FS must be calculated according to the accuracy requirements of the
machine manufacturer, and the PLC interface must be checked via the service display.
Angular offset LS/FS

If there must be a defined angular offset between the FS and LS, e.g. when synchronous
operation is activated, the "zero degree positions" of the FS and LS must be mutually adapted.
This can be done with the following machine data:
● MD34100 $MA_REFP_SET_POS
● MD34080 $MA_REFP_MOVE_DIST
● MD34090 $MA_REFP_ MOVE_DIST_CORR
References:
Extended Functions
14.6 Examples
Service display for FS

In the "Diagnostics" operating area, when commissioning in the synchronous mode, the
following values are displayed for the following spindle:
● Actual deviation between setpoints of FS and LS
Value displayed: Position offset in relation to leading spindle (setpoint)
(value corresponds to angular offset between FS and LS that can be read with axis variable
$AA_COUP_OFFS in the part program)
● Actual deviation between actual values of FS and LS
Value displayed: Position offset in relation to leading spindle (actual value)
References:
Operating Manual
14.5 Boundary conditions
Availability of the "synchronous spindle" function

The function is an option ("synchronous spindle/multi-edge turning" or the corresponding
optional version of the generic coupling), which must be assigned to the hardware via the
license management.
Note
Information on the different versions of the generic coupling, refer to:
References:
Function Manual Special Functions; Coupled Axes (M3)
14.6 Examples
Programming example
; Leading spindle = master spindle = spindle 1
; Following spindle = spindle 2
N05 M3 S3000 M2=4 S2=500 ; Master spindle rotates at 3000 rpm
; FS: 500 rpm
N10 COUPDEF (S2, S1, 1, 1, "No", ; Def. of coupling, can also
"Dv")
; be configured
N70 SPCON ; Include leading spindle in the position con-
trol
; (setpoint value coupling).
Extended Functions
14.7 Data lists

N75 SPCON(2) ; Bring following spindle into closed-loop po-
sition control
N80 COUPON (S2, S1, 45) ; On-the-fly coupling to offset position = 45
degrees
N200 FA [S2] = 100 ; Positioning speed = 100 degrees/min
N205 SPOS[2] = IC(-90) ; Traverse with 90° overlay in negative direc-
tion
N210 WAITC(S2, "Fine") ; Wait for "fine" synchronism
N212 G1 X.., Y.. F... ; Machining
N215 SPOS[2] = IC(180) ; Traverse with 180° overlay in positive direc-
tion
N220 G4 S50 ; Dwell time = 50 revolutions
; of master spindle
N225 FA [S2] = 0 ; Activate configured velocity (MD)
N230 SPOS[2] = IC (-7200) ; 20 rev. with configured velocity
; in neg. direction
N350 COUPOF (S2, S1) ; On-the-fly decoupling, S = S2 = 3000
N355 SPOSA[2] = 0 ; Stop FS at zero degrees
N360 G0 X0 Y0
N365 WAITS(2) ; Wait for spindle 2
N370 M5 ; Stop FS
N375 M30
14.7 Data lists
14.7.1 Machine data
14.7.1.1 NC-specific machine data

10000 AXCONF_MACHAX_NAME_TAB Machine axis name

20070 AXCONF_MACHAX_USED Machine axis number valid in channel
21300 COUPLE_AXIS_1 Definition of synchronous spindle pair
21310 COUPLING_MODE_1 Type of coupling in synchronous spindle mode
Extended Functions
14.7 Data lists

21320 COUPLE_BLOCK_CHANGE_CTRL_1 Block change behavior in synchronous spindle opera‐
tion
21330 COUPLE_RESET_MODE_1 Coupling abort behavior
21340 COUPLE_IS_WRITE_PROT_1 Coupling parameters are write-protected

30455 MISK_FUNCTION_MASK Axis functions
30550 AXCONF_ASSIGN_MASTER_CHAN Reset position of channel for axis change
32200 POSCTRL_GAIN Servo gain factor (KV factor)
32400 AX_JERK_ENABLE Axial jerk limitation
32410 AX_JERK_TIME Time constant for axial jerk filter
32420 JOG_AND_POS_JERK_ENABLE Initial setting for axial jerk limitation
32430 JOG_AND_POS_MAX_JERK Axial jerk
32610 VELO_FFW_WEIGHT Feedforward control factor for speed feedforward control
32620 FFW_MODE Feedforward control mode
32650 AX_INERTIA Moment of inertia for torque feedforward control
32800 EQUIV_CURRCTRL_TIME Equivalent time constant current control loop for feed‐
forward control
32810 EQUIV_SPEEDCTRL_TIME Equivalent time constant speed control loop for feedfor‐
ward control
34080 REFP_MOVE_DIST Reference point approach distance
34090 REFP_MOVE_DIST_CORR Reference point offset
34100 REFP_SET_POS Reference point value
35000 SPIND_ASSIGN_TO_MACHAX Assignment of spindle to machine axis
37200 COUPLE_POS_TOL_COARSE Threshold value for "Coarse synchronism"
37210 COUPLE_POS_TOL_FINE Threshold value for "Fine synchronism"
37220 COUPLE_VELO_TOL_COARSE Speed tolerance "coarse" between leading and follow‐
ing spindles
37230 COUPLE_VELO_TOL_FINE Speed tolerance "fine" between leading and following
spindles
14.7.2 Setting data

42300 COUPLE_RATIO_1 Transmission parameters for synchronous spindle operation
Extended Functions
14.7 Data lists
14.7.3 Signals

NC Start DB21, ... .DBX7.1 DB320x.DBX7.1
NC Stop axes plus spindle DB21, ... .DBX7.4 DB320x.DBX7.4

Dry run feedrate selected DB21, ... .DBX24.6 DB170x.DBX0.6
Feedrate override selected for rapid traverse DB21, ... .DBX25.3 DB170x.DBX1.3

Axis/spindle disable DB31, ... .DBX1.3 DB380x.DBX1.3
Follow-up mode DB31, ... .DBX1.4 DB380x.DBX1.4
Position measuring system 1, position measuring system 2 DB31, ... .DBX1.5/6 DB380x.DBX1.5/6
Controller enable DB31, ... .DBX2.1 DB380x.DBX2.1
Distance-to-go/Spindle RESET DB31, ... .DBX2.2 DB380x.DBX2.2
Spindle stop/feed stop DB31, ... .DBX4.3 DB380x.DBX4.3
Traversing keys for JOG DB31, ... .DBX4.6/7 DB380x.DBX4.6/7
Re-synchronize spindle 1, re-synchronize spindle 2 DB31, ... .DBX16.4/5 DB380x.DBX2000.4/5
Delete S value DB31, ... .DBX16.7 DB380x.DBX2000.7
Feedrate override valid DB31, ... .DBX17.0 DB380x.DBX2001.0
Invert M3/M4 DB31, ... .DBX17.6 DB380x.DBX2001.6
Spindle override DB31, ... .DBB19 DB380x.DBB2003
Re-synchronizing DB31, ... .DBX31.4 -
Disable synchronization DB31, ... .DBX31.5 -

Referenced/synchronized 1, referenced/synchronized 2 DB31, ... .DBX60.4/5 DB390x.DBX0.4/5
Synchronous mode DB31, ... .DBX84.4 DB390x.DBX2002.4
Synchronism fine DB31, ... .DBX98.0 DB390x.DBX5002.0
Synchronism coarse DB31, ... .DBX98.1 DB390x.DBX5002.1
Extended Functions
14.7 Data lists

Actual value coupling DB31, ... .DBX98.2 DB390x.DBX5002.2
Superimposed motion DB31, ... .DBX98.4 DB390x.DBX5002.4
Leading spindle LS/LA active DB31, ... .DBX99.0 DB390x.DBX5003.0
Following spindle FS/FA active DB31, ... .DBX99.1 DB390x.DBX5003.1

$P_COUP_OFFS[following spindle] Programmed offset of the synchronous spindle
$AA_COUP_OFFS[following spindle] Position offset for synchronous spindle (setpoint)
$VA_COUP_OFFS[following spindle] Position offset for synchronous spindle (actual value)
For a more detailed description of system variables, see:

References:
List Manual System Variables
Extended Functions
14.7 Data lists
Extended Functions
S7: Memory configuration 15
15.1 Introduction
Memory areas
The CF card of the NCU contains two memory areas for storing and managing the data of the
local persistent and non-persistent data of the NC:
● Static NC memory
That static NC memory contains the persistent NC data of the active and passive file
system (Page 799).
● Dynamic NC memory
The dynamic NC memory contains the non-persistent NC data, such as macros, local user
data, buffer memory, etc., generated dynamically by the NC.
Deterministic behavior
To ensure the behavior of the NC is deterministic in all machining situations, all memory areas
of the local static and dynamic NC memory have a settable, but permanent size.
Memory configuration
The memory areas of the local static and dynamic NC memory are set up when the control is
first started based on the standard settings of the machine data that configure the memory.
These settings are adequate in most cases.
Reconfiguration
If necessary, the memory configuration can be adapted to the user-specific requirements. The
necessary reconfiguration of the memory can result in loss of all user data in the static NC
memory. Therefore, after a change to memory-configuring machine data, the Alarm 4400: "MD
change results in reorganization of the buffered memory (loss of data!)" is displayed. Prior to
activating the machine data change or reconfiguration of the memory by an NC reset, a
commissioning archive should be created.
The memory configuration will be changed the next time the NC is started. Then the created
commissioning archive can be read-in for restoring the user data.
15.2 Active and passive file system

The user-specific data of the NC are stored in the local static NC memory. The memory area
contains the data of the active and passive file system.
Extended Functions
S7: Memory configuration
15.2 Active and passive file system
Active file system

The active file system contains system data used to parameterize the NC. Essentially, these
are:
● Machine data
● Setting data
● Option data
● Global user data (GUD)
● Tool-offset/magazine data
● Protection areas
● R parameters
● Work offsets/FRAME
● Sag compensations
● Quadrant error compensation
● Leadscrew error compensation
The data of the active file system represent the current work data of the NC.
The view of the active file system is data-oriented.
Passive file system

The passive file system contains all local files loaded in the NC:
● Main programs
● Subprograms
● Workpieces
● Global user data and macro definition files (*.DEF)
● Standard cycles
● User cycles
● Comments
● Binary files (e.g. pictures, PDF documents)
The view of the passive file system is file-oriented.
Extended Functions
15.3 Commissioning
15.3 Commissioning
15.3.1 Configuration
The configuration of the local static and dynamic NC memory is set and influenced by the
● Machine data that configure the memory:
– $MN_MM_... (NC-specific, memory-configuring machine data)
– $MC_MM_... (channel-specific memory-configuring machine data)
– $MA_MM_... (axis-specific memory-configuring machine data)
● Number of parameterized channels:
– MD10010 $MN_ASSIGN_CHAN_TO_MODE_GROUP (channel valid in mode group)
15.3.2 Reconfiguration
The first time the controller starts up, the sizes of the memory areas of the local NC memory
are set based on the default settings of the memory-configuring machine data. Generally, these
settings are sufficient for the operation of the control. If the memory areas of the local NC
memory are adapted because of special user-specific requirements, this results in
reconfiguration of the local NC memory. If the active and/or passive file system of the static
NC memory is affected, Alarm 4400 is displayed. The user should then back up the relevant
data by creating a commissioning archive on an external storage medium.
Alarm 4400 is displayed in the following cases:
● Memory-configuring machine data of the passive file system was changed
● Memory-configuring machine data of the active file system was changed and the function
"Automatic Memory Reconfiguration" (AMR) is not active
● Memory-configuring machine data of the active file system was changed, the AMR function
is active, but the data of the active file system cannot be buffered locally
NOTICE
Loss of data due to reconfiguration
A reconfiguration of the local static NC memory can result in the loss of the user data on the
active and/or passive file system. We therefore urgently recommend the back up of all relevant
data by creating a commissioning archive if Alarm 4400 is displayed, before activating the
changed memory configuration by an NC reset.
Extended Functions
15.4 Configuration of the static user memory
"Automatic memory reconfiguration" function (AMR)
Active file system

The AMR function enables the reconfiguration of memory areas of the active file system
(Page 799) without having to create and then read back a commissioning archive to prevent
the loss of user data.
If the function is active (see paragraph below "Activation: "Automatic memory reconfiguration"
(AMR)") and memory-configuring machine data that affects the active file system is modified,
it is first checked whether all data of the active file system can be buffered locally. If this is the
case, the data of the active file system will be buffered locally on activation of the modified
memory configuration by triggering an NC reset. After the buffering has completed, the memory
of the active file system is reconfigured. Finally, the buffered data of the active file system is
read back.
If the data of the active file system cannot be buffered, Alarm 4400 is displayed. Then, before
activating the machine data change, a commissioning archive containing the relevant user
data should be created.
Passive file system

If machine data that requires a reconfiguration of the passive file system is changed, Alarm
4400 will always be displayed, independent of the AMR function. Then, before activating the
machine data change, a commissioning archive containing the relevant user data should be
created.
If machine data that only requires a reconfiguration of the active file system is changed, the
data of the passive file system is retained.
Activation of the AMR function

The "Automatic memory reconfiguration" function (AMR) is activated via machine data:
MD17950 $MN_IS_AUTOMATIC_MEM_RECONFIG = TRUE
References
Creating a commissioning archive
Commissioning Manual: CNC commissioning: NC, PLC, Drive; Chapter "Saving and managing
data" > "Creating a commissioning archive"
15.4.1 Division of the static NC memory
The static NC memory is used jointly by the system and by the user. The area available to the
user is defined as the static user memory. It contains the data from the active and passive file
system.
The figure below shows the principle division of the static NC memory for SINUMERIK 840D sl:
Extended Functions
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Figure 15-1 Static NC memory for SINUMERIK 840D sl
Static-user-memory size
The size of the static user memory is displayed in machine data:
MD18230 $MN_MM_USER_MEM_BUFFERED
Extended Functions
Parts of the static user memory
Passive file system

The following partitions of the passive file system are present in the static user memory:
Partition Storage of:

U (User) ● Files from the _N_CUS_DIR directory (user cycles)
● Part programs
● Workpieces
M (Manufacturer = Machine manufacturer) Files from the _N_CMA_DIR directory (Machine-manufac‐
turer cycles)
The free memory of the passive file system displayed in MD18060

$MN_INFO_FREE_MEM_STATIC can be divided among the partitions U and M. The setting
is made via the machine data:
● MD18352 $MN_MM_U_FILE_MEM_SIZE = <memory size for user data>
● MD18353 $MN_MM_M_FILE_MEM_SIZE = <memory size for machine manufacturer data>
Note
Partition S
Partition S (Siemens = Control manufacturer) of the passive file systems is in the dynamic
memory (Page 805).
Active file system

The memory of the active file system is divided into different areas (tool management, global
user data, ...). The size can be set for each area in the machine data that configures memory
(...MM_...).
Free capacity
The size of the free memory is displayed in the machine data:
MD18060 $MN_INFO_FREE_MEM_STATIC
Note
The memory required to expand the memory areas is displayed in the "Startup" area of the
user interface. This information enables the system startup engineer to estimate the actual
memory requirements for the planned expansion.
Memory expansion (option)

If additional static user memory is required, a memory expansion can be purchased as an
option.
You can use the additional memory as required to expand partitions U and/or M or to expand
the memory area of the active file system.
Extended Functions
15.5 Configuration of the dynamic user memory
15.4.2 Commissioning
You can adjust the default memory division by increasing/decreasing individual memory areas
for each user.
Basic procedure:
1. Load standard machine data.
References:
Commissioning the CNC: NC, PLC, Drive; section "Requirements for commissioning" >
"Power-on and startup"
2. Determining the maximum possible size of the static user memory (including the optional
memory expansion):
MD18230 $MN_MM_USER_MEM_BUFFERED
3. Optional: modifying the size of the static user memory:
– MD19250 $ON_USER_MEM_BUFFERED
– Perform a power-on reset.
4. Optional: setting the size partitions U and M:
– MD18352 $MN_MM_U_FILE_MEM_SIZE
– MD18353 $MN_MM_M_FILE_MEM_SIZE
5. Optional: setting up additional channels of the control:
MD10010 $MC_ASSIGN_CHAN_TO_MODE_GROUP
6. Optional: setting the size of the memory areas of the active file system (tool management,
global user data, ...):
– Determining the free static user memory:
MD18060 $MN_INFO_FREE_MEM_STATIC
– Setting the size of the memory areas of the active file system in the machine data that
configure memory (...MM_...).
7. Perform a power-on reset.
The memory will be reconfigured the next time the control starts up.
References:
For a detailed description of machine data, refer to:
● List Manual Machine Data and Parameters
15.5.1 Division of the dynamic NC memory
The dynamic NC memory is used jointly by the system and by the user. The area available to
the user is defined as the dynamic user memory.
Extended Functions
The figure below shows the principle division of the dynamic NC memory:
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Figure 15-2 Dynamic NC memory
Dynamic-user-memory size
The size of the dynamic user memory is displayed in machine data:
MD18210 $MN_MM_USER_MEM_DYNAMIC
Free user memory

The user memory still available is shown in the machine data:
MD18050 $MN_INFO_FREE_MEM_DYNAMIC
Extended Functions
The value of the machine data indicates how much memory is available to expand the user
data areas (local user data, IPO buffer, etc.) for each channel.
Parts of the dynamic user memory
Passive file system

Partition S of the passive file system is in the dynamic user memory:
Partition Storage of:

S (Siemens = Control manufacturer) Files from the _N_CST_DIR directory (Siemens cycles)
The size of partition S is preset and cannot be modified.
Dynamic
Memory expansion
If an NCU is used with at least 2 GB of working memory, the machine manufacturer can use
part of the working memory to expand the dynamic user memory.
The size of the additional dynamic user memory is defined in machine data:
MD19251 $ON_USER_MEM_DYNAMIC
Direct modification of the machine data MD18210 $MN_MM_USER_MEM_DYNAMIC
increases or decreases the value.
15.5.2 Commissioning
You can adjust the default memory division by increasing/decreasing individual memory areas
for each user.
Basic procedure:
1. Determining the size of the free dynamic user memory:
MD18050 $MN_INFO_FREE_MEM_DYNAMIC
2. Optional: enlarging the dynamic user memory:
– MD18210 $MN_MM_USER_MEM_DYNAMIC
– Perform a power-on reset.
3. Optional: Setting the size of the memory areas of the dynamic user memory in the machine
data that configure memory (...MM_...):
4. Perform a power-on reset.
The memory will be reconfigured the next time the control starts up.
References:
For a detailed description of machine data, refer to:
● List Manual Machine Data and Parameters
Extended Functions
15.6 Data lists
15.6 Data lists
15.6.1 Machine data

10134 MM_NUM_MMC_UNITS Number of simultaneous HMI communication partners
10850 MM_EXTERN_MAXNUM_OEM_GCODES Maximum number of OEM-G codes
10880 MM_EXTERN_CNC_SYSTEM Definition of the control system to be adapted
10881 MM_EXTERN_GCODE_SYSTEM ISO_3 Mode: GCodeSystem
18050 INFO_FREE_MEM_DYNAMIC Free-dynamic-memory display data
18060 INFO_FREE_MEM_STATIC Free-static-memory display data
18070 INFO_FREE_MEM_DPR Display data for free memory in
dual-port RAM
18072 INFO_FREE_MEM_CC_MD Displays memory available in the CC-MD memory
18078 MM_MAX_NUM_OF_HIERARCHIES Maximum number of definable magazine-location-type
hierarchies
18079 MM_MAX_HIERARCHY_ENTRIES Maximum permissible number of entries in a magazine-
location-type hierarchy
18080 MM_TOOL_MANAGEMENT_MASK Mask for reserving memory for tool management
18082 MM_NUM_TOOL Number of tools managed by NCK
18084 MM_NUM_MAGAZINE Number of magazines managed by NCK
18086 MM_NUM_MAGAZINE_LOCATION Number of magazine locations
18088 MM_NUM_TOOL_CARRIER Maximum number of definable toolholders
18090 MM_NUM_CC_MAGAZINE_PARAM Compile-cycle tool management:
quantity of magazine data
18092 MM_NUM_CC_MAGLOC_PARAM Compile-cycle tool management:
quantity of magazine-location data
18094 MM_NUM_CC_TDA_PARAM Compile-cycle tool management: quantity of TDA data
18096 MM_NUM_CC_TOA_PARAM Compile-cycle tool management: quantity of TOA data
18098 MM_NUM_CC_MON_PARAM Compile-cycle tool management:
quantity of monitor data
18100 MM_NUM_CUTTING_EDGES_IN_TOA Number of tool offsets in NCK
18102 MM_TYPE_OF_CUTTING_EDGE Type of D-number programming
18104 MM_NUM_TOOL_ADAPTER Tool adapter in TO area
18105 MM_MAX_CUTTING_EDGE_NO Maximum value of D number
18106 MM_MAX_CUTTING_EDGE_PERTOOL Maximum number of D numbers per tool
18108 MM_NUM_SUMCORR Additive offsets in the TO area
18110 MM_MAX_SUMCORR_PER_CUTTEDGE Maximum number of sum offsets per cutting edge
18112 MM_KIND_OF_SUMCORR Properties of additive offsets in the TO area
18114 MM_ENABLE_TOOL_ORIENT Assign orientation to cutting edges
Extended Functions
15.6 Data lists

18116 MM_NUM_TOOL_ENV Number of tool environments in TO area
18118 MM_NUM_GUD_MODULES Number of GUD modules
18120 MM_NUM_GUD_NAMES_NCK Number of global user variables
18130 MM_NUM_GUD_NAMES_CHAN Number of channel-specific user variables
18140 MM_NUM_GUD_NAMES_AXIS Number of axis-specific user variables
18150 MM_GUD_VALUES_MEM Memory space for global user variables
18160 MM_NUM_USER_MACROS Number of macros
18170 MM_NUM_MAX_FUNC_NAMES Number of miscellaneous functions
18180 MM_NUM_MAX_FUNC_PARAM Number of additional parameters
18190 MM_NUM_PROTECT_AREA_NCK Number of protection zones in NCK
18200 MM_NUM_CCS_MAGAZINE_PARAM Number of Siemens OEM magazine data
18201 MM_TYPE_CCS_MAGAZINE_PARAM Siemens OEM magazine data type
18202 MM_NUM_CCS_MAGLOC_PARAM Number of Siemens OEM magazine location data
18203 MM_TYPE_CCS_MAGLOC_PARAM Siemens OEM magazine location data type
18204 MM_NUM_CCS_TDA_PARAM Number of Siemens OEM tool data
18205 MM_TYPE_CCS_TDA_PARAM Siemens OEM tool data type
18206 MM_NUM_CCS_TOA_PARAM Number of Siemens OEM data per cutting edge
18207 MM_TYPE_CCS_TOA_PARAM Siemens OEM data type per cutting edge
18208 MM_NUM_CCS_MON_PARAM Number of Siemens OEM monitor data
18209 MM_TYPE_CCS_MON_PARAM Siemens OEM monitor data type
18210 MM_USER_MEM_DYNAMIC User memory for non-persistent data
18220 MM_USER_MEM_DPR User memory in dual-port RAM
18230 MM_USER_MEM_BUFFERED User memory for persistent data
18231 MM_USER_MEM_BUFFERED_TYPEOF Data-buffer technology
18232 MM_ACTFILESYS_LOG_FILE_MEM System: Log-file size
18238 MM_CC_MD_MEM_SIZE Memory size for compile cycle machine data
18240 MM_LUD_HASH_TABLE_SIZE Hash-table size for user variables
18242 MM_MAX_SIZE_OF_LUD_VALUE Maximum LUD-variable array size
18250 MM_CHAN_HASH_TABLE_SIZE Hash-table size for channel-specific data
18260 MM_NCK_HASH_TABLE_SIZE Hash-table size for global data
18270 MM_NUM_SUBDIR_PER_DIR Number of subdirectories
18280 MM_NUM_FILES_PER_DIR Number of files per directory
18290 MM_FILE_HASH_TABLE_SIZE Hash-table size for files in a directory
18300 MM_DIR_HASH_TABLE_SIZE Hash-table size for subdirectories
18310 MM_NUM_DIR_IN_FILESYSTEM Number of directories in passive file system
18320 MM_NUM_FILES_IN_FILESYSTEM Number of files in passive file system
18332 MM_FLASH_FILE_SYSTEM_SIZE Size of flash file system on PCNC
18342 MM_CEC_MAX_POINTS Maximum table size for sag compensation
18350 MM_USER_FILE_MEM_MINIMUM Minimum part-program memory
18352 MM_U_FILE_MEM_SIZE End-user memory for part programs/cycles/files
Extended Functions
15.6 Data lists

18353 MM_M_FILE_MEM_SIZE Memory size for cycles/files of the machine manufac‐
turer
18354 MM_S_FILE_MEM_SIZE Memory size for cycles/files of the NC manufacturer
18355 MM_T_FILE_MEM_SIZE Memory size for temporary files
18356 MM_E_FILE_MEM_SIZE Memory size for external files
18360 MM_EXT_PROG_BUFFER_SIZE FIFO buffer size for execution from an external source
18362 MM_EXT_PROG_NUM Number of program levels that can be processed si‐
multaneously from external
18370 MM_PROTOC_NUM_FILES Maximum number of log files
18371 MM_PROTOC_NUM_ETPD_STD_LIST Number of standard ETPD data lists
18372 MM_PROTOC_NUM_ETPD_OEM_LIST Number of ETPD OEM data lists
18373 MM_PROTOC_NUM_SERVO_DATA Number of servo data for log
18374 MM_PROTOC_FILE_BUFFER_SIZE Log-file buffer size
18375 MM_PROTOC_SESS_ENAB_USER User-enabled for sessions
18390 MM_COM_COMPRESS_METHOD Supported compression method
18400 MM_NUM_CURVE_TABS Number of curve tables (persistent)
18402 MM_NUM_CURVE_SEGMENTS Number of curve segments (persistent)
18403 MM_NUM_CURVE_SEG_LIN Number of linear curve segments (persistent)
18404 MM_NUM_CURVE_POLYNOMS Number of curve table polynomials (persistent)
18406 MM_NUM_CURVE_TABS_DRAM Number of curve tables (non-persistent)
18408 MM_NUM_CURVE_SEGMENTS_DRAM Number of curve segments (non-persistent)
18409 MM_NUM_CURVE_SEG_LIN_DRAM Number of linear curve segments (non-persistent)
18410 MM_NUM_CURVE_POLYNOMS_DRAM Number of curve table polynomials (non-persistent)
18450 MM_NUM_CP_MODULES Maximum number of CP modules
18452 MM_NUM_CP_MODUL_LEAD Maximum number of leading values per CP coupling
module
18500 MM_EXTCOM_TASK_STACK_SIZE Stack size of external communication task (non-persis‐
tent)
18502 MM_COM_TASK_STACK_SIZE Stack size in Kbytes of communication task (non-per‐
sistent)
18510 MM_SERVO_TASK_STACK_SIZE Stack size of servo task (non-persistent)
18512 MM_IPO_TASK_STACK_SIZE Stack size of IPO task (non-persistent)
18520 MM_DRIVE_TASK_STACK_SIZE Stack size of drive task (non-persistent)
18540 MM_PLC_TASK_STACK_SIZE Stack size of the PLC task (non-persistent)
18600 MM_FRAME_FINE_TRANS Fine offset for FRAME (persistent)
18601 MM_NUM_GLOBAL_USER_FRAMES Number of globally predefined user frames (persistent)
18602 MM_NUM_GLOBAL_BASE_FRAMES Number of global basic frames (persistent)
18660 MM_NUM_SYNACT_GUD_REAL Number of configurable real-type GUD variables
18661 MM_NUM_SYNACT_GUD_INT Number of configurable integer-type GUD variables
18662 MM_NUM_SYNACT_GUD_BOOL Number of configurable Boolean-type GUD variables
18663 MM_NUM_SYNACT_GUD_AXIS Number of configurable axis-type GUD variables
18664 MM_NUM_SYNACT_GUD_CHAR Configurable char-type GUD variable
Extended Functions
15.6 Data lists

18665 MM_NUM_SYNACT_GUD_STRING Configurable STRING-type GUD variable
18700 MM_SIZEOF_LINKVAR_DATA Size of the NCU link variable memory
18710 MM_NUM_AN_TIMER Number of global time variables for synchronized ac‐
tions
18720 MM_SERVO_FIFO_SIZE Setpoint for buffer size between IPO and closed-loop
position control
18780 MM_NCU_LINK_MASK Activation of NCU link communication
18781 NCU_LINK_CONNECTIONS Number of internal link connections
18782 MM_LINK_NUM_OF_MODULES Number of NCU link modules
18790 MM_MAX_TRACE_LINK_POINTS Size of trace data buffer for NCU link
18792 MM_TRACE_LINK_DATA_FUNCTION Specifies the contents of NCU link files
18794 MM_TRACE_VDI_SIGNAL Trace specification of VDI signals
18800 MM_EXTERN_LANGUAGE Activation of external NC languages
18860 MM_MAINTENANCE_MON Activate recording of maintenance data
18870 MM_MAXNUM_KIN_CHAINS Maximum number of trains
18880 MM_MAXNUM_KIN_CHAIN_ELEM Maximum number of train elements
18890 MM_MAXNUM_3D_PROT_AREAS Maximum number of elements in 3D protection zones
18892 MM_MAXNUM_3D_PROT_AREA_ELEM Maximum number of protection-zone elements
18894 MM_MAXNUM_3D_PROT_GROUPS Maximum number of protection-zone groups
18896 MM_MAXNUM_3D_COLLISION Maximum number of temporary memory locations for
collision check

20096 T_M_ADDRESS_EXIT_SPINO Spindle number as address extension
27900 REORG_LOG_LIMIT Percentage of IPO buffer for log-file enable
28000 MM_REORG_LOG_FILE_MEM Memory size for REORG
28010 MM_NUM_REORG_LUD_MODULES Number of modules for local user variables with RE‐
ORG
28020 MM_NUM_LUD_NAMES_TOTAL Number of local user variables
28040 MM_LUD_VALUES_MEM Memory size for local user variables
28050 MM_NUM_R_PARAM Number of channel-specific R parameters
28060 MM_IPO_BUFFER_SIZE Number of NC blocks in the IPO buffer
28070 MM_NUM_BLOCKS_IN_PREP Number of blocks for block preparation
28080 MM_NUM_USER_FRAMES Number of settable frames
28081 MM_NUM_BASE_FRAMES Number of basic frames (persistent)
28082 MM_SYSTEM_FRAME_MASK System frames (persistent)
28083 MM_SYSTEM_DATAFRAME_MASK System frames (persistent)
28085 MM_LINK_TOA_UNIT Allocation of a TO unit to a channel
28090 MM_NUM_CC_BLOCK_ELEMENTS Number of block elements for compile cycles
Extended Functions
15.6 Data lists

28100 MM_NUM_CC_BLOCK_USER_MEM Size of block memory for compile cycles
28105 MM_NUM_CC_HEAP_MEM Heap memory in KB for compile cycle applications (non-
persistent)
28150 MM_NUM_VDIVAR_ELEMENTS Number of elements for writing PLC variables
28160 MM_NUM_LINKVAR_ELEMENTS Number of write elements for the NCU link variables
28180 MM_MAX_TRACE_DATAPOINTS Size of trace data buffer
28200 MM_NUM_PROTECT_AREA_CHAN Number of modules for channel-specific protection
zones
28210 MM_NUM_PROTECT_AREA_ACTIVE Number of simultaneously active protection zones
28212 MM_NUM_PROTECT_AREA_CONTOUR Elements for active protection zones (non-persistent)
28250 MM_NUM_SYNC_ELEMENTS Number of elements for expressions in synchronized
actions
28252 MM_NUM_FCTDEF_ELEMENTS Number of FCTDEF elements
28254 MM_NUM_AC_PARAM Dimension of $AC_PARAM.
28255 MM_BUFFERED_AC_PARAM $AC_PARAM[...] (persistent)
28256 MM_NUM_AC_MARKER Dimension of $AC_MARKER
28257 MM_BUFFERED_AC_MARKER $AC_MARKER[...] (persistent)
28258 MM_NUM_AC_TIMER Number of $AC_TIMER time variables (non-persistent)
28274 MM_NUM_AC_SYSTEM_PARAM Number of $AC_SYSTEM_ PARAM for motion-syn‐
chronous actions
28276 MM_NUM_AC_SYSTEM_MARKER Number of $AC_SYSTEM_ MARKER for motion-syn‐
chronous actions
28290 MM_SHAPED_TOOLS_ENABLE Enable tool-radius compensation for contour tools
28300 MM_PROTOC_USER_ACTIVE Activate logging for a user
28301 MM_PROTOC_NUM_ETP_OEM_TYP Number of ETP OEM event types
28302 MM_PROTOC_NUM_ETP_STD_TYP Number of ETP standard event types
28400 MM_ABSBLOCK Activate block display with absolute values
28402 MM_ABSBLOCK_BUFFER_CONF Dimension size of upload buffer
28450 MM_TOOL_DATA_CHG_BUFF_SIZE Buffer for tool data changes (non-persistent)
28500 MM_PREP_TASK_STACK_SIZE Stack size of preparatory task
28520 MM_MAX_AXISPOLY_PER_BLOCK Maximum number of axis polynomials per block
28530 MM_PATH_VELO_SEGMENTS Number of memory chips for limiting the tool-path ve‐
locity
28535 MM_FEED_PROFILE_SEGMENTS Number of memory chips for feed profiles
28540 MM_ARCLENGTH_SEGMENTS Number of memory chips for displaying the arc length
function
28560 MM_SEARCH_RUN_RESTORE_MODE Restore data after a simulation
28580 MM_ORIPATH_CONFIG Setting for ORIPATH tool orientation trajectory referred
to path
Extended Functions
15.6 Data lists

38000 MM_ENC_COMP_MAX_POINTS Number of intermediate points with interpolatory com‐
pensation
38010 MM_QEC_MAX_POINTS Number of values for quadrant-error compensation
Extended Functions
15.6 Data lists
Extended Functions
T1: Indexing axes 16
As indexing axes
When machine axes only traverse between a certain number of fixed positions, these positions
can be parameterized as indexing positions. In NC programs, these machine axes, then known
as indexing axes, can be traversed with reference to indexing positions using special
commands.
Typical applications for indexing axes include tool magazines, for example (tool revolver, tool
chain magazines or tool cartridge magazines). The magazine locations of the tools are
parameterized as indexing positions.
It is possible to traverse an indexing axis in the following operating modes:
● AUTOMATIC
● MDI
● JOG
● JOG / INC1, INC10, ... INCvar
16.2 Detailed description
16.2.1 Traversing of indexing axes in the AUTOMATIC mode

Traversal to selected positions
Using the general traversing commands ( G90, G91, AC, IC, ...) an indexing axis can be
traversed to any position within the traversing range of the machine axis.
Traversing to indexing positions

Using the specific traversing commands for indexing axes, it is ensured that only the
parameterized indexing positions are approached. See Chapter "Programming (Page 823)".
16.2.2 Traversing of indexing axes in the JOG mode

In the JOG mode, the indexing positions are only taken into account after referencing/
synchronizing the active measuring system of the indexing axis.
References
Function Manual Basic Functions; Chapter "R1: Referencing"
Extended Functions
T1: Indexing axes
Continuous traversing (JOG CONT)
Jog mode
In the jog mode (SD41050 $SN_JOG_CONT_MODE_LEVELTRIGGRD = 1) the indexing axis
traverses in the selected direction after the traversing key has been actuated. The indexing
axis is stopped at the next possible indexing position after releasing the traversing key. The
indexing position where the axis stops is dependent on:
● Distance to the indexing position
● Traversing velocity
● Axis dynamic response
Continuous operation
In continuous operation (SD41040 $SN_JOG_CONT_MODE_LEVELTRIGGRD = 0), after
actuating the traversing key (first rising edge), the indexing axis is traversed as usual. The
indexing axis is stopped at the next possible indexing position when the traversing key is
actuated again (second rising edge). The indexing position where the axis stops is dependent
on:
● Distance to the indexing position
● Traversing velocity
● Axis dynamic response
Generally, indexing axes are traversed in the jog mode.
Direction change
If, before reaching the indexing position, the operator changes the direction by actuating the
traversing key for the opposite direction, the indexing axis continues to traverse to the next
possible indexing position where it can then be stopped. The traversing motion must then be
started in the opposite direction by again actuating the traversing key.
References
You can find detailed information on the traversing axes in the JOG mode in:
Function Manual Extended Functions, Chapter "H1: Manual and handwheel travel (Page 147)"
Incremental traversing (INC)

Independent of the active technology function (INC1, INC10, ... , INCvar), the indexing axis
always moves in the selected direction to the next indexing position after the traversing key
has been pressed.
Jog mode
In the jog mode (SD41050 $SN_JOG_CONT_MODE_LEVELTRIGGRD = 1), the indexing axis
is immediately stopped after releasing the traversing key. Under certain circumstances, the
indexing axis is then notlocated at an indexing position. Traversing motion is continued at the
indexing position by again actuating the traversing key.
Extended Functions
T1: Indexing axes
Continuous operation
In continuous operation (SD41040 $SN_JOG_CONT_MODE_LEVELTRIGGRD = 0), after
actuating the traversing key (first rising edge), the indexing axis is traversed as usual. The
indexing axis is immediately stopped when the traversing key is actuated again (second rising
edge). Under certain circumstances, the indexing axis is then notlocated at an indexing
position. Traversing motion is continued at the indexing position by again actuating the
traversing key.
Revolutional feedrate
The revolution feedrate with which the indexing axis is traversed in the JOG mode is dependent
on:
SD41100 $SN_JOG_REV_IS_ACTIVE, bit 0 = <value>
<Value> Meaning
0 Depending on the traversing mode, the revolutional feed rate is defined by the following
setting data:
● The indexing axis traverses as positioning axis:
SD43300 $SA_ASSIGN_FEED_PER_REV_SOURCE (revolutional feedrate for
positioning axes)
● The indexing axis traverses as geometry axis, on which a frame with rotation acts:
SD42600 $SC_JOG_FEED_PER_REV_SOURCE (revolutional feedrate in JOG)
1 The indexing axis is traversed with a rotational feedrate derived from the master spindle:
Corresponding machine data:
● MD32050 $MA_JOG_REV_VELO (revolutional feed rate for JOG mode)
● MD32040 $MA_JOG_REV_VELO_RAPID (revolutional feed rate for JOG with rapid
traverse override)
References
● Function Manual Basic Functions; Chapter "V1: Feedrates"
● Function Manual Extended Functions, Chapter "H1: Manual and handwheel travel"
● Programming Manual, Fundamentals, Chapter "Feedrate control".
16.2.3 Traversing of indexing axes by PLC

Indexing axes can be traversed from the PLC user program.
● Competing positioning axes, see Chapter "P2: Positioning axes (Page 653)"
● Asynchronous subprograms (ASUBs)
Reference:
Function Manual Basic Functions; K1: Mode group, channel, program operation, reset
response (K1)
Extended Functions
T1: Indexing axes
16.3 Commissioning
16.3 Commissioning
16.3.1 Machine data
16.3.1.1 Axis-specific machine data
Indexing axis
An axis is defined as indexing axis by assigning an indexing position table to this axis, using
the following axis-specific machine data:
MD30500 $MA_INDEX_AX_ASSIGN_POS_TAB = <value>
<Value> Meaning
1 The axis is assigned indexing position table 1.
2 The axis is assigned indexing position table 2.
3 Equidistant indexing intervals (Page 826)
Indexing position tables

In the indexing position tables, the indexing positions are saved in mm, inches or degrees.
Presently, a total of two indexing position tables are available.
MD10910 $MN_INDEX_AX_POS_TAB_1 [ <n> ] (indexing position table 1)
MD10930 $MN_INDEX_AX_POS_TAB_2 [ <n> ] (indexing position table 2)
with <n> = 0 ... (maximum number - 1)
Multiple table assignment

Several axes can be assigned to an indexing position table.
Precondition: the axes are of the same type (linear axis, rotary axis, modulo 360° function)
General supplementary conditions

● The indexing positions must be listed in the indexing position table without gaps in an
ascending order.
● Indexing positions that follow one another must not be identical.
● The indexing positions must be specified in the basic coordinate system.
Extended Functions
T1: Indexing axes
16.3 Commissioning
Additional secondary conditions for modulo rotary axes

● Permissible range: 0° ≤ indexing position < 360°
● If the indexing axis is at the last indexing position in the indexing position table, when
traversing to the next indexing position in the positive direction of rotation, the first indexing
position is approached.
● If the indexing axis is at the first indexing position in the indexing position table, when
traversing to the next indexing position in the negative direction of rotation, the last indexing
position is approached.
No. of indexing positions

A maximum of 60 indexing positions can be entered in an indexing position table. The actual
number of indexing positions that is used or the programmable number is defined using
machine data:
MD10900 $MN_INDEX_AX_LENGTH_POS_TAB_1 (number of indexing positions of indexing
position table 1)
MD10920 $MN_INDEX_AX_LENGTH_POS_TAB_2 (number of indexing positions of indexing
position table 2)
Note
Entries in the indexing positions table that exceed the parameterized number of indexing
positions are not considered.
System of units for indexing positions

The system of units of indexing positions is defined on an NC-specific basis:
MD10270 $MN_POS_TAB_SCALING_SYSTEM = <value>
<Value> System of units

0 Metric
1 inch
Note
The machine data is only evaluated if the following applies: MD10260
$MN_CONVERT_SCALING_SYSTEM == 1
Displaying the actual indexing position

When traversing indexing axes, the machine data is used to define at which actual position
the display of the actual indexing position changes in the system variable
$AA_ACT_INDEX_AX_POS_NO:
Extended Functions
T1: Indexing axes
16.3 Commissioning
MD10940 $MN_INDEX_AX_MODE, bit 0 = <value>
Bit <Value> Meaning

0 0 The actual indexing position, indicated in system variable $AA_ACT_IN‐
DEX_AX_POS_NO, changes when reaching/passing the exact stop window fine
(MD36010 $MA_STOP_LIMIT_FINE) of the next indexing position in the traversing
direction.

1 The actual indexing position indicated in system variable $AA_ACT_IN‐

DEX_AX_POS_NO changes when reaching/passing half the traversing distance to
the next indexing position in the traversing direction.

① Traversing range of the indexing axis (linear axes or rotary modulo axis) with indexing
positions and exact stop windows fine
② Traversing direction-dependent indexing position indicated in the system variable
$AA_ACT_INDEX_AX_POS_NO
③ Traversing range of the indexing axis (linear axes or rotary modulo axis) with indexing
positions
The following example will serve as explanation:

Bit 0 = 1 and axis below indexing position (but outside "exact stop fine" window).
Although the system variable $AA_ACT_INDEX_AX_POS_NO indicates indexing position 2,
with the "Traverse to next position" command, indexing position 3 is not approached, but first
Extended Functions
T1: Indexing axes
16.3 Commissioning
precisely to indexing position 2. The next indexing position (in this case indexing position 3) is
not approached with the "Traverse to next position" command until the axis is located exactly
at (exact stop fine) or above the indexing position.
The nearest indexing position in the current direction of motion is always approached! Under
certain circumstances, it is therefore necessary to issue the "traverse to next position"
command twice to move from the currently displayed indexing position to the next indexing
position number (e.g. from 2 to 3).
System variables
The display depends on the setting in machine data:
MD10940 $MN_INDEX_AX_MODE (settings for indexing position)
Bit Value Meaning

0 0 The indexing position changes when the indexing position is reached ("exact stop fine"
window) and remains unchanged until the next indexing position is reached. The in‐
dexing area thus begins at one indexing position and ends in front of the next indexing
position.
1 The indexing position changes when reaching half the indexing position.
A quasi-symmetrical indexing range is thus applied around the indexing position (sym‐
metrical only for linear axes with equidistant indexing or modulo rotary axes on which
the indexing area is an integer multiple of the modulo range (MD30330 $MA_MODU‐
LO_RANGE), otherwise proportional to the distances between the indexing positions).
On modulo rotary axes, the area between the last indexing position and the first index‐
ing position is divided proportionally based on the lengths of the first indexing area and
the last indexing area.
The following graphics will illustrate the difference between bit 0 = 0 and bit 0 = 1:
==========================================================
$AA_PROG_INDEX_AX_POS_NO[<Achse>] programmed indexing position

Description:
0: not an indexing axis, therefore no indexing position available – or the indexing axis is
presently not traversing to an indexing position
> 0: Number of programmed indexing position
$AA_ACT_INDEX_AX_POS_NO[<Achse>] actual indexing position

Description:
0: not an indexing axis, therefore no indexing position available.
> 0: Number of the last indexing position reached or passed
Extended Functions
T1: Indexing axes
16.3 Commissioning
16.3.2.1 Axis-specific system variables
$AA_PROG_INDEX_AX_POS_NO
Function
The system variable includes the number of the indexing position programmed for the indexing
axis.
Syntax
$AA_PROG_INDEX_AX_POS_NO[<axis>]
Meaning
0 The axis is not an indexing axis, or presently the indexing axis is not traversing to an indexing
position
>0 Number of programmed indexing position
Function
The system variable includes the number of the indexing position last reached by the indexing
axis, or indexing position that was passed by the indexing axis.
Syntax
$AA_ACT_INDEX_AX_POS_NO[<axis>]
Meaning
0 The axis is not an indexing axis.
>0 Number of the last indexing position reached or passed
Axis-specific interface signals

When stopping the indexing axis at an indexing position ± exact stop window fine (MD36010
$MA_STOP_LIMIT_FINE), then the axis-specific interface signal is set:
DB31, ... DBX76.6 = 1 (indexing axis in position)
Extended Functions
T1: Indexing axes
16.4 Programming
16.4 Programming
Coded position
To allow indexing axes to be positioned from the NC part program, special instructions are
provided with which the indexing numbers (e.g. location numbers) are programmed instead of
axis positions in mm or degrees. The availability of a special instruction depends on the axis
type (linear or rotary axis):
Statement Effect Availability

CAC(i) Traverse coded position in absolute terms Linear axis, rotary axis
CACP(i) Traverse coded position ain absolute terms in Rotary axis
the positive direction
CACN(i) Traverse coded position ain absolute terms in Rotary axis
the negative direction
CDC(i) Traverse coded position along the direct Rotary axis
(shortest) path
CIC(i) Traverse coded position incrementally Linear axis, rotary axis
i: Coded position (indexing position)

Value range of i: 0 ... 59; whole number (positive and negative values are possible
in CIC)
Examples
POS[B]=CAC(20) Indexing axis B approaches the coded position (indexing) 20
in absolute mode. The direction of traversing depends on
the current actual position.
POS[B]=CACP(10) Indexing axis B approaches the coded position (index posi-
tion ) 10 in absolute mode with positive direction of rota-
tion (possible only for rotary axes).
POS[B]=CACN(10) Indexing axis B approaches the coded position (index posi-
tion ) 10 in absolute mode with negative direction of rota-
tion (possible only for rotary axes).
POS[B]=CDC(50) Indexing axis B approaches indexing position 50 directly
along the shortest path (possible only for rotary axes).
POS[B]=CIC(-4) Indexing axis B traverses four indexing positions incremen-
tally from its current position. in a negative direction.
POS[B]=CIC(35) Indexing axis B traverses 35 indexing positions incremen-
tally from its present position in a positive direction.
Extended Functions
T1: Indexing axes
16.4 Programming
Special features
● Modulo rotary axis as indexing axis
On modulo rotary axes, the indexing positions are divided in factors of 360° and approached
directly.
● Indexing axis is between two indexing positions
The specified position instructions have the following effect in the AUTOMATIC mode.
POS[B]=CIC(1) The next higher indexing position is approached.

POS[B]=CIC(-1) The next lower indexing position is approached.
POS[B]=CIC(0) The indexing axis is not traversed.
System variables
The number of the indexing position programmed last can be read with the following system
variables:
The number of the indexing position traversed last can be displayed with the following system
variables:
The display depends on the setting in machine data:
MD10940 $MN_INDEX_AX_MODE (settings for indexing position)
Bit Value Meaning

0 0 The indexing position changes when the indexing position is reached ("exact stop fine"
window) and remains unchanged until the next indexing position is reached. The in‐
dexing area thus begins at one indexing position and ends in front of the next indexing
position.
1 The indexing position changes when half the indexing position is reached.
A quasi-symmetrical indexing area is thus applied around the indexing position (sym‐
metrical only on linear axes with equidistant indexing or modulo rotary axes on which
the indexing area is an integer multiple of the modulo range (MD30330 $MA_MODU‐
LO_RANGE), otherwise proportional to the distances between the indexing positions).
On modulo rotary axes, the area between the last indexing position and the first index‐
ing position is divided proportionally based on the lengths of the first indexing area and
the last indexing area.
The following graphics will illustrate the difference between Bit 0 = 0 and Bit 0 = 1:
Extended Functions
T1: Indexing axes
16.4 Programming
33
73$
(6):
%LW 73$ 73$ 73$ 73$ 73$ 73$
%LW 73$ 73$ 73$ 73$ 73$ 73$ 73$
Figure 16-1 Indexing position displays: Linear axis
73$
73$
73$

73$

(6):
73$

73$
73$ 73$
%LW %LW
TP Indexing position
TPA Displayed indexing position
ESFW "Exact stop fine" window
Figure 16-2 Indexing position displays: Modulo rotary axis
Extended Functions
T1: Indexing axes
16.5 Equidistant index intervals
System variable $AA_ACT_INDEX_AX_POS_NO

$AA_ACT_INDEX_AX_POS_NO: Number of the last indexing position reached or passed
Indexing positions
For axis type Values Description
Modulo rotary axis 1, ... n n = number of indexing positions (Page 818)
Linear axis 0, 1, 2, 3, ... 59, 60, 0 The actual position lies below the lowest indexing
61 position
61 The actual position lies above the highest indexing
position
Equidistant indexing positions

For axis type Values Description
Modulo rotary axis 1 ... m m = denominator (counter)
Linear axis ... -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2,
3, ...
16.5.1 Features
Distance between indexes

The index distance is determined for equidistant index intervals according to the following
formula:
1XPHUDWRU0'0$B,1'(;B$;B180(5$725
'LVWDQFH
'HQRPLQDWRU0'0$B,1'(;B$;B'(120,1$725
Extended Functions
T1: Indexing axes
Linear axes
0'0$B,1'(;B$;B2))6(7VWGLVWDQFHIURP]HURSRLQWSRVLWLYH

'LVWDQFHVWDQGDUGIRUDOOLQGH[LQJSRVLWLRQVVHHDERYH
0'0$B,1'(;B$;B2))6(7VWGLVWDQFHIURP]HURSRLQWQHJDWLYH

'LVWDQFHVWDQGDUGIRUDOOLQGH[LQJSRVLWLRQVVHHDERYH
Modulo rotary axes
1XPHUDWRU0'0$B02'8/2B5$1*(
,QGH[
'HQRPLQDWRU0'0$B,1'(;B$;B'(120,1$725
0'0$B,1'(;B$;B2))6(7
r 6SDFLQJ

6L]HRIPRGXORUDQJH0'0$B02'8/2B5$1*(
,QGH[
1XPEHURILQGH[HVLQPRGXORUDQJH0'0$B,1'(;B$;B'(120,1$725
Extended Functions
T1: Indexing axes
16.5.2 Hirth axis
Function
For a "Hirth axis", using a special gearing (Hirth gearing) the rotary axis is interlocked when
reaching an indexing position. In this case, a locking bolt or a gearwheel is engaged using a
linear axis. In order that the mechanical system of the machine is not damaged, the interlock
can only be engaged at an indexing position. For a Hirth axis, all of the indexing positions must
have the same the distance between one another (equidistant indexing positions).
Preconditions
● The "Hirth axis" must be a rotary axis.
● The "Hirth axis" must be an indexing axis. See Chapter "Commissioning (Page 818)"
● The active measuring system of the indexing axis must be synchronized or referenced:
DB31, ... DBX60.4/.5 == 1 (referenced/synchronized, encoder 1/2)
References: Function Manual Basic Functions; reference point approach (R1)
Commissioning
Machine data
● MD30300 $MA_IS_ROT_AX = 1 (rotary axis)
● MD30505 $MA_HIRTH_IS_ACTIVE[ <axis> ] = 1 (indexing axis with Hirth gearing)
● MD30500 $MA_INDEX_AX_ASSIGN_POS_TAB[ <axis> ] = 3 (indexing axis with
equidistant indexing positions)
Extended Functions
T1: Indexing axes
Indexing axes
Various channel and axis-specific NC/PLC interface signals

If, while an indexing axis is traversed, at least one of the following signals occurs, then the axis
stops immediately. The indexing positions are not taken into account.
● Channel-specific signals
– DB21, ... DBB4 == 0 (feedrate correction)
– DB21, ... DBX6.2 == 1 (delete distance-to-go)
– DB21, ... DBX7.3 == 1 (NC Stop)
– DB21, ... DBX7.4 == 1 (NC Stop axes plus spindles)
– DB21, ... DBX7.7 == 1 (reset)
● Axisspecific signals
– DB31, ... DBX4.3 == 1 (feedrate stop)
Synchronized actions
● Stop (MOV=0)
If an indexing axis is stopped with a synchronized action using MOV=0, then the axis stops
in the traversing direction at the next possible indexing position
● Delete distance to go (DELDTG)
If, for an indexing axis, the distance to go is deleted with a synchronized action using
DELDTG, then the axis is immediately stopped without stopping at an indexing position
References: Function Manual Synchronized Actions
Frames and work offsets

In conjunction with indexing axes, generally frames are not necessary. As a consequence, we
recommend that frames and work offsets for indexing axes are suppressed in NC programs.

When manually traversing an indexing axis in the JOG or JOG/INC operating mode, the
indexing axis traverses – as a maximum up – to the last indexing position before the software
limit switch.
Traversing using the handwheel (DRF)

When traversing an indexing axis using the handwheel, the indexing positions are not taken
into account. This means that the indexing axis stops immediately, also between two indexing
positions, with the end of the handwheel pulse.
"Hirth axes"
In addition to the secondary conditions mentioned above, for "Hirth axes" the following
additional secondary conditions must be observed.
Extended Functions
T1: Indexing axes
Various channel and axis-specific NC/PLC interface signals

If, while a "Hirth axis" is being traversed, at least one of the following signals occurs, then the
axis stops immediately at the next possible indexing position in the traversing direction.
● Channel-specific signals
– DB21, ... DBB4 == 0 (feedrate correction)
– DB21, ... DBX6.2 == 1 (delete distance-to-go)
– DB21, ... DBX7.3 == 1 (NC Stop)
– DB21, ... DBX7.4 == 1 (NC Stop axes plus spindles)
– DB21, ... DBX7.7 == 1 (reset)
● Axisspecific signals
– DB31, ... DBX4.3 == 1 (feedrate stop)
Emergency Stop
If, while a "Hirth axis" is being traversed, an Emergency Stop is initiated then the axis is
immediately stopped:
DB10 DBX56.1 == 1 (Emergency Stop)
References: Function Manual Basic Functions; Chapter "N2: Emergency Stop"
NOTICE
Approaching the indexing position
After an Emergency Stop, before the interlocking of the Hirth gearing at the machine is
reactivated, either the PLC user program or the operator (manually) must first move the "Hirth
axis" to an indexing position in the JOG mode.
● Delete distance to go (DELDTG)
If, for a "Hirth axis", the distance to go is deleted with a synchronized action using
DELDTG, then the axis is stopped at the next possible indexing position in the traversing
direction
References: Function Manual Synchronized Actions, Chapter "Detailed description" >
"Actions in synchronized actions" > "Delete distance to go (DELDTG)"
Various axis-specific functions

"Hirth axes" may not be used in conjunction with the following functions:
● Kinematic transformation
References: Function Manual Extended Functions, Chapter "M1: Kinematic transformation"
● Work offset by setting the actual value: PRESETON
References: Programming Manual, Job Planning, Chapter "Coordinate transformations
(frames)"
● Revolutional feedrate (G95, FPRAON)
Extended Functions
T1: Indexing axes
16.7 Examples
● Handwheel travel as well as distance or velocity overlay using the handwheel (DFR)
References: Function Manual Extended Functions, Chapter "H1: Manual and handwheel
travel"
● Frames
References: Function Manual Basic Functions, Chapter "K2: Axes, coordinate systems,
frames" > "Frames"
● Interpolatory corrections, for example external work offset, DRF offset
● Couplings
It is not permissible that a "Hirth axis" is a following axis of one of the following couplings:
– following axis with master value coupling
References: Function Manual Special Functions, Chapter "M3: Axis couplings" >
"Leading value coupling" or "Generic couplings"
– Coupled motion axis
References: Function Manual Special Functions, Chapter "M3: Axis couplings" >
"Coupled motion" or "Generic couplings"
– gantry following axis
References: Function Manual Special Functions, Chapter "G1: Gantry axes"
16.7 Examples
Example 1: Rotary axis as indexing axis

Machine axes AX5 is a tool revolver, with 8 revolver locations (endlessly rotating rotary axis).
The distances between the revolver locations are constant (equidistant indexing positions).
,QGH[LQJ
SRVLWLRQ

r
r r
$[LVSRVLWLRQ
r r
r r
r

Figure 16-3 Tool turret with 8 locations
Extended Functions
T1: Indexing axes
16.7 Examples
Indexing position table 1
MD10910 $MN_INDEX_AX_POS_TAB_1[ 0 ] = 0 1. Indexing position = 0°

Length of the indexing position table (1)
MD10900 $MN_INDEX_AX_LENGTH_POS_TAB_1= 8 8 indexing positions in table 1
Defining machine axis AX5 as rotary modulo axis and indexing axis
MD30300 $MA_IS_ROT_AX[ AX5 ] = 1 Rotary axis

MD30310 $MA_ ROT_IS_MODULO [AX5] = 1 Modulo rotary axis
MD30500 $MA_INDEX_AX_ASSIGN_POS_TAB [AX5] = 1 Indexing axis, indexing position table 1
Example 2: Indexing axis as linear axis

Machine axis AX6 is a workholder with 10 locations. The distances between the 10 locations
are different. The first location is at position -100 mm. Machine axis is AX6.
,QGH[LQJSRVLWLRQ
$[LVSRVLWLRQ>PP@

Figure 16-4 Indexing positions for a workholder
Indexing position table 2
MD10930 $MN_INDEX_AX_POS_TAB_2[ 0 ] = -100 1. Indexing position = -100 mm

MD10930 $MN_INDEX_AX_POS_TAB_2[ 1 ] = 0 2. Indexing position = 0 mm
Extended Functions
T1: Indexing axes
16.7 Examples

Length of the indexing position table (1)
MD10920 $MN_INDEX_AX_LENGTH_POS_TAB_2 = 10 10 indexing positions in table 2
Defining machine axis AX5 as indexing axis
MD30500 $MA_INDEX_AX_ASSIGN_POS_TAB [AX6] = 2 Indexing axis, indexing position table 2
Example 3: Rotary modulo axis as equidistant indexing axis

Machine axis AX4 is rotary modulo axis with equidistant indexing. Indexing starts at 5°. The
difference between the indexing positions is 20°. The following indexing positions are obtained:
5, 25, 45, 65, 85, 105, 125, 145, 165, 185, 205, 225, 245, 265, 285, 305, 325, 245 [degrees]
Indexing data
MD30501 $MA_INDEX_AX_NUMERATOR[ AX4 ] ⇒ This value is ignored for rotary modulo

MD30330 $MA_MODULO_RANGE[ AX4 ] = 360.0 axes, and MD30330 $MA_MODU‐
LO_RANGE (default value: 360°) is
used instead.
MD30502 $MA_INDEX_AX_DENOMINATOR[ AX4 ] = 18 Number of indexing positions = 360° /
20° = 18
MD30503 $MA_INDEX_AX_OFFSET[ AX4 ] = 5.0 First indexing position = 5.0°
MD30505 $MA_HIRTH_IS_ACTIVE[ AX4 ] = 0 No Hirth gearing
Defining machine axis AX4 as rotary modulo axis and equidistant indexing axis

MD30310 $MA_ ROT_IS_MODULO[ AX4 ] = 1 Modulo function active
MD30500 $MA_INDEX_AX_ASSIGN_POS_TAB[ AX4 ] = 3 Equidistant indexing axis
Example 4: Rotary axes as equidistant indexing axis with restricted traversing range
Machine axis AX4 is a rotary axis with equidistant indexing. The equidistant indexing positions
are every 20°, starting at 100°. Positions less than 100° and greater than 260° should not be
approached. The following indexing positions are obtained:
100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 220, 240, 260 [degrees]
Indexing data
MD30501 $MA_INDEX_AX_NUMERATOR[ AX4 ] = 360.0 Numerator = 360°

20° = 18
Extended Functions
T1: Indexing axes
16.7 Examples
Defining machine axis AX4 as rotary modulo axis and equidistant indexing axis

MD36100 $MA_POS_LIMIT_MINUS[ AX4 ] = 100.0 1. Software limit switch minus = 100.0°
MD36110 $MA_POS_LIMIT_PLUS[ AX4 ] = 260.0 1. Software limit switch plus = 260.0°
Example 5: Linear axis as equidistant indexing axis

Machine axis AX4 is a linear axis with equidistant indexing. The equidistant indexing positions
are every 10 mm, starting at -200 mm. The following indexing positions are obtained:
-200, -190, -180, ... 180, 190, 200 [mm]
Indexing data
MD30501 $MA_INDEX_AX_NUMERATOR[ AX4 ] = 10.0 Numerator = 10

MD30502 $MA_INDEX_AX_DENOMINATOR[ AX4 ] = 1 Denominator = 1
MD30503 $MA_INDEX_AX_OFFSET[ AX4 ] = -200.0 First indexing position = -200.0°
Defining machine axis AX4 as linear axis and equidistant indexing axis
MD30300 $MA_IS_ROT_AX[ AX4 ] = 0 Linear axis

MD30310 $MA_ ROT_IS_MODULO[ AX4 ] = 0 Modulo function is not active
MD36100 $MA_POS_LIMIT_MINUS[ AX4 ] = -200.0 1. Software limit switch minus = -200.0
mm
MD36110 $MA_POS_LIMIT_PLUS[ AX4 ] = 200.0 1. Software limit switch plus = 200.0 mm
Example 6: "Hirth axis"

Machine axis AX4 is a "Hirth axis" (rotary modulo axis with equidistant indexing and Hirth
gearing). The equidistant indexing positions are every 1°, starting at 0°.
Indexing data
MD30501 $MA_INDEX_AX_NUMERATOR[ AX4 ] ⇒ This value is ignored for rotary modulo

MD30330 $MA_MODULO_RANGE[ AX4 ] = 360.0 axes, and MD30330 $MA_MODU‐
LO_RANGE (default value: 360°) is
used instead.
1° = 360
MD30505 $MA_HIRTH_IS_ACTIVE[ AX4 ] = 1 Hirth gearing
Extended Functions
T1: Indexing axes
16.8 Data lists
Defining machine axis AX4 as linear axis and equidistant indexing axis

MD36100 $MA_POS_LIMIT_MINUS[ AX4 ] = -200.0 1. Software limit switch minus = -200.0
mm
MD36110 $MA_POS_LIMIT_PLUS[ AX4 ] = 200.0 1. Software limit switch plus = 200.0 mm
16.8 Data lists
16.8.1 Machine data

10260 CONVERT_SCALING_SYSTEM Basic system switchover active
10270 POS_TAB_SCALING_SYSTEM System of measurement of position tables
10900 INDEX_AX_LENGTH_POS_TAB_1 Number of positions for indexing axis table 1
10910 INDEX_AX_POS_TAB_1[n] Indexing position table 1
10920 INDEX_AX_LENGTH_POS_TAB_2 Number of positions for indexing axis table 2
10930 INDEX_AX_POS_TAB_2[n] Indexing position table 2
10940 INDEX_AX_MODE Options for indexing positions

30300 IS_ROT_AX Rotary axis
30310 ROT_IS_MODULO Modulo conversion for rotary axis
30320 DISPLAY_IS_MODULO Position display is modulo 360°
30500 INDEX_AX_ASSIGN_POS_TAB Axis is indexing axis
30501 INDEX_AX_NUMERATOR Numerator for indexing axes with equidistant positions
30502 INDEX_AX_DENOMINATOR Denominator for indexing axes with equidistant posi‐
tions
30503 INDEX_AX_OFFSET Indexing position for indexing axes with equidistant po‐
sitions
30505 HIRTH_IS_ACTIVE Hirth tooth system is active
Extended Functions
T1: Indexing axes
16.8 Data lists
16.8.2 Setting data

41050 JOG_CONT_MODE_LEVELTRIGGRD JOG continuous in inching mode
16.8.3 Signals

Referenced/synchronized 1, referenced/synchronized 2 DB31, ... .DBX60.4/5 DB390x.DBX0.4/5
Indexing axis in position DB31, ... .DBX76.6 DB390x.DBX1002.6
$AA_ACT_INDEX_AX_POS_NO[axis] Number of last indexing position reached or overtraveled
$AA_PROG_INDEX_AX_POS_NO[axis] Number of programmed indexing position
Extended Functions
W3: Tool change 17
17.1 Introduction
CNC-controlled machine tools are equipped with tool magazines and automatic tool change
facility for the complete machining of workpieces.
The procedure for changing tools comprises three steps:
1. Movement of the tool carrier from the machining position to the tool change position
2. Tool change
3. Movement of the tool carrier from the tool change position to the new machining position.
The following is required for tool change:
● short idle times
● Time-saving searches, provision and return of tool during the machining time.
● Simple programming of the tool change cycle
● Automatic flow of the required axis and gripper movements
● Easy fault recovery
17.2 Tool magazines and tool change equipments

Tool magazines and tool changing equipment are selected according to the machine type:
Machine type Tool magazine Tool change equipment

Turning machines Turret No special tool change equipment.
(disk, flat, inclined) The tool is changed by turning the
turret
Milling machines Magazines Gripper/dual gripper as tool change
(chain, disk-type, rotary-plate, cartridge) equipment.
As the changing operation interrupts the machining, idle times times must be minimized.
17.3 Tool change times

Tool change times depend strongly on the design layout of the machine tool.
Typical tool change times

0.1 to 0.2 s for advancing a turret
0.3 to 2 s for tool change with gripper for a prepared tool
Extended Functions
W3: Tool change
17.5 Starting the tool change
17.4 Cut-to-cut time

The cut-to-cut time is the period that elapses when a tool is changed between retraction from
the interruption point on the contour (from cut) and repositioning at the interruption point (return
to cut) with the new tool when the spindle is rotating.
Typical cut-to-cut times are as follows:
Typical cut-to-cut times

0.3 to 1 s for turning machine with turret
0.5 to 5 s for milling machine with automatic tool changer
17.5 Starting the tool change
Variants
The tool change can be actuated by:
● T function
● M command (preferably M06)
Parameterization
Which control versions should be effective is defined with the machine data:
MD22550 $MC_TOOL_CHANGE_MODE
Value Meaning Typical application

0 The T function loads the new tool immediately. Turning machines with tool turret
1 New tool with T function prepared for change and Milling machines with a tool magazine,
placed in the tool change position simultaneously
during the machining time.
The M command is used to remove the old tool from
the spindle and load the new tool.
The M command for tool change is defined in machine data:

MD22560 $MC_TOOL_CHANGE_M_CODE
Default setting is 6 (corresponding to DIN 66025).
Note
If the tool offset number is supplied from the PLC or an HMI tool manager, a preprocessing
stop STOPRE must be inserted at a suitable point. STOPRE must be avoided, however, when
tool radius compensation (G41 / G42) or SPLINE interpolation is active, since several blocks
are required here in advance for the path calculation.
Extended Functions
W3: Tool change
17.8 Examples
References
For further information about M functions which also apply to tool change M06 (e.g. extended
address, time of output to PLC, auxiliary function groups, behavior during block search,
behavior during overstore) see:
17.6 Tool change point
Tool change point

The selection of the tool change point has a significant effect on the cut-to-cut time
(Page 838). The tool change point is chosen according to the machine tool concept and, in
certain cases, according to the current machining task.
Approaching a fixed point

Fixed positions on a machine axis stored in machine data can be approached by means of the
"fixed-point approach" function. This can be used to define and control one or several tool
change points.
There are two fixed point approach options:
● Approaching a fixed point in JOG
The machine user starts the "fixed-point approach" in the JOG mode with the traverse keys
or the handwheel (see Section "Approaching a fixed point in JOG (Page 185)").
● Approaching a fixed point with G75
Fixed point approach is called using the command G75 from the part program.
References:
Programming Manual, Fundamentals, Section: Additional commands > Approach fixed
point (G75)

The tool change requires, amongst other things, a tool management system which ensures
that the tool to be loaded is available at the tool change position at the right time.
17.8 Examples
Milling machine
The following example shows a typical cut-to-cut sequence of operations for a tool change
with a tool changer and a fixed absolute tool change point on a milling machine.
Extended Functions
W3: Tool change
17.8 Examples
Machining program:

N970 G0 X=... Y=... Z=... LF ; Retraction from contour
N980 T1 LF ; Tool preselection
N990 W_WECHSEL LF ; Subroutine call without pa-
rameters
N1000 G90 G0 X=... Y=... Z=... M3 S1000 LF ; Continue machining
Subroutine for tool change:

PROC W_WECHSEL LF
N10 SPOSA=... S0 LF ; Spindle positioning
N20 G75 FP=2 X1=0 Y1=0 Z1=0 ; Approach tool change position
N30 M06 LF ; Change tool
N40 M17 LF
Extended Functions
W3: Tool change
17.8 Examples
1 1
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,6)HHGGLVDEOH

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,6([DFWVWRSFRDUVHD[LV
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722/72 7LPH
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W W W W W
t1: Axes stationary.

Spindle rotates.
Start of tool change cycle in N10.
t2: Move axes to tool change point with G75 in N20.
t3: Spindle reaches programmed position from block N10.
t4: Axes reach exact stop coarse from N20; N30 thus begins:
M06 removes the previous tool from the spindle and loads and clamps the new tool.
t5: Tool changer swivels back to original position.
Figure 17-1 Chronological sequence of tool change
Then, in N1000 of the calling main program:

● The new tool offset can be selected
● the axes can be returned to the contour, or
● the spindle can be accelerated.
Extended Functions
W3: Tool change
17.9 Data lists
17.9 Data lists
17.9.1 Machine data

18082 MM_NUM_TOOL Number of tools

22200 AUXFU_M_SYNC_TYPE Output timing of M functions
22220 AUXFU_T_SYNC_TYPE Output timing of T functions
22550 TOOL_CHANGE_MODE New tool offset for M function
22560 TOOL_CHANGE_M_CODE M function for tool change
17.9.1.3 Axis-/spindlespecific machine data

30600 FIX_POINT_POS[n]. Fixed point positions of the machine axes for G75
17.9.2 Signals

M function M06 DB21, ... .DBX194.6 DB250x.DBB1000.6
Extended Functions
W4: Grinding-specific tool offset and tool monitoring 18
18.1 Grinding-specific tool data
18.1.1 Structure of tool data

Grinding tools (tool type: 400 to 499) normally have specific tool and dresser data in addition
to cutting edge data.
The grinding wheel-specific data for the left and right wheel geometry can be stored under a
T number in the tool cutting edges D1 and D2.
If data is needed for the dresser geometry, it can be stored as follows:
● In the tool cutting edges from D3 of a T number
7QXPEHU
*ULQGLQJGLVN
' ' DE'

/HIWGLVNJHRPHWU\ 5LJKWGLVNJHRPHWU\ $GGLWLRQDOGDWD
● In additional cutting edge-specific parameters (see MD18096

$MN_MM_NUM_CC_TOA_PARAM)
7QXPEHU
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' '
/HIWGLVNJHRPHWU\ 5LJKWGLVNJHRPHWU\
7&B'3>W!G!@ 7&B'3>W!G!@
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<t>: T number
<d>: D number
The following figure provides an overview of the (possible) storage structure of the tool data
for grinding tools:
Extended Functions
W4: Grinding-specific tool offset and tool monitoring
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18.1.2 Cutting edge-specific parameters
18.1.2.1 List of cutting edge-specific parameters

The cutting edge-specific tool parameters for grinding tools have the same meaning as those
for turning and milling tools.
Tool parameter Meaning Comment
$TC_DP1 Tool type

$TC_DP2 Cutting edge position For turning and grinding
tools only
Geometry - tool length compensation

$TC_DP3 Length 1
$TC_DP4 Length 2
$TC_DP5 Length 3
Geometry - tool radius compensation
Extended Functions
Tool parameter Meaning Comment

$TC_DP6 Radius 1
$TC_DP7 Reserved
$TC_DP8 Reserved
$TC_DP9 Reserved
$TC_DP10 Reserved
$TC_DP11 Reserved
Wear - tool length compensation

$TC_DP12 Length 1
$TC_DP13 Length 2
$TC_DP14 Length 3
Wear - tool radius compensation

$TC_DP15 Radius 1
$TC_DP16 Reserved
$TC_DP17 Reserved
$TC_DP18 Reserved
$TC_DP19 Reserved
$TC_DP20 Reserved
Base dimension/adapter dimension - tool length compensation

$TC_DP21 Basic length 1
Technology
$TC_DP24 Undercut angle For turning tools only
$TC_DP25 Reserved
Note
The cutting edge data for D1 and D2 of a selected grinding tool can be chained, i.e. if a
parameter in D1 or D2 is modified, then the same parameter in D1 or D2 is automatically
overwritten with the new value (see $TC_TPG2 (Page 848)).
Extended Functions
18.1.2.2 $TC_DP1
The parameter $TC_DP1 contains the 3-digit number of the grinding tool type:
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Number Grinding tool type

400 Surface grinding wheel
401 Surface grinding wheel with monitoring with tool base dimension for GWPS
402 Surface grinding wheel without monitoring without tool base dimension for GWPS
403 Surface grinding wheel with monitoring without tool base dimension for GWPS
410 Facing wheel
411 Facing wheel with monitoring with tool base dimension for GWPS
412 Facing grinding wheel without monitoring without tool base dimension for GWPS
413 Facing wheel with monitoring without tool base dimension for GWPS
490 Dresser
18.1.2.3 Definition of additional parameters $TC_DPC1 ... 10

For user-specific cutting edge data, the additional parameters $TC_DPC1 to $TC_DPC10 can
be set up independent of the tool type via the following memory-configuring machine data:
MD18096 $MN_MM_NUM_CC_TOA_PARAM
NOTICE
Reconfiguration of the local static NC memory results in a loss of data on the active and
passive file system. We therefore urgently recommend archiving or backing up all relevant
data by creating a series startup file before activating a modified memory configuration.
Extended Functions
18.1.3 Tool-specific parameters
18.1.3.1 List of tool-specific parameters

Tool-specific parameters are available once for every T number. They are automatically set
up with every new grinding tool (tool type: 400 to 499).
Note
Tool-specific parameters have the same characteristics as a cutting edge.
This is to be taken into account when the number of cutting edges is specified:
MD18100 $MN_MM_NUM_CUTTING_EDGES_IN_TOA
When all the cutting edges of a tool are deleted, the existing tool-specific parameters are
deleted at the same time.
Parameters
The parameters are assigned as follows:
Parameter Meaning Data type

$TC_TPG1 (Page 848) Spindle number INT
$TC_TPG2 (Page 848) Chaining rule INT
$TC_TPG3 (Page 850) Minimum wheel radius REAL
$TC_TPG4 (Page 850) Minimum wheel width REAL
$TC_TPG5 (Page 850) Current wheel width REAL
$TC_TPG6 (Page 850) Maximum speed REAL
$TC_TPG7 (Page 850) Maximum peripheral speed REAL
$TC_TPG8 (Page 850) Angle of inclined wheel REAL
$TC_TPG9 (Page 851) Parameter number for radius calculation INT
Note
The monitoring data applies to both the left-hand and the right-hand cutting edge of the grinding
wheel.
The tool-specific parameters take effect:
● when switching on the grinding-specific tool monitoring (Page 866)
● when switching on the constant grinding wheel peripheral speed (GWPS) (Page 869)
If a changed date is to take effect, these functions must be switched on again.
The length compensations always specify the distances between the tool carrier reference
point and the tool tip in the Cartesian coordinates (must be noted for inclined grinding wheel).
Extended Functions
18.1.3.2 $TC_TPG1
Parameter $TC_TPG1 contains the number of the spindle to be monitored (e.g. wheel radius
and width) and programmed (e.g. grinding wheel peripheral velocity).
18.1.3.3 $TC_TPG2
Parameter $TC_TPG2 is set to define which tool parameters of cutting edge 2 (D2) and cutting
edge 1 (D1) have to be chained to one another. If the value of a chained parameter is changed,
the same parameter of the other cutting edge is automatically overwritten with the new value.
Tool parameter Meaning Bit in $TC_TPG2 Hex Dec
$TC_DP1 Tool type 0 0001 1

$TC_DP2 Length of cutting 1 0002 2
edge
Geometry - tool length compensation

$TC_DP3 Length 1 2 0004 4
$TC_DP4 Length 2 3 0008 8
$TC_DP5 Length 3 4 0010 16
$TC_DP6 Radius 5 0020 32
$TC_DP7 Reserved 6 0040 64
$TC_DP8 7 0080 128
$TC_DP9 8 0100 256
$TC_DP10 9 0200 512
$TC_DP11 Reserved 10 0400 1024
Wear - tool length compensation

$TC_DP12 Length 1 11 0800 2048
$TC_DP13 Length 2 12 1000 4096
$TC_DP14 Length 3 13 2000 8192
$TC_DP15 Radius 14 4000 16384
$TC_DP16 Reserved 15 8000 32768
$TC_DP17 16 10000 65536
$TC_DP18 17 20000 131072
$TC_DP19 18 40000 262144
$TC_DP20 Reserved 19 80000 524288
Base dimension/adapter dimension - tool length compensation

$TC_DP21 Basic length 1 20 100000 1048576
Technology
Extended Functions
Tool parameter Meaning Bit in $TC_TPG2 Hex Dec

$TC_DP24 Reserved 23 800000 8388608
$TC_DP25 Reserved 24 1000000 16777216
Note
If the concatenation specification is subsequently altered, the values of the two cutting edges
are not automatically adjusted. This only takes place after a parameter is changed
Example
Lengths 1, 2 and 3 of the geometry, the length wear and the tool base / adapter dimensions
of lengths 1, 2 and 3 on a grinding tool (T1 in the example) must be automatically transferred.
Furthermore, the same tool type applies to cutting edges 1 and 2.
Tool type $TC_DP1 Bit 0

Length 1 $TC_DP3 Bit 2
Wear
Base/adapter dimension
Parameter $TC_TPG2 must therefore be assigned as follows:
Binary: $TC_TPG2[1] = 'B111 0000 0011 1000 0001 1101' (Bit 22 ... Bit 0)
Hexadecimal: $TC_TPG2[1] = 'H70381D'
Decimal: $TC_TPG2[1] = 'D7354397'
Extended Functions
18.1.3.4 $TC_TPG3, $TC_TPG4

The limit values for the grinding wheel radius and width must be entered in the parameters
$TC_TPG3 and $TC_TPG4. They are used to monitor the grinding wheel geometry.
Note
It must be noted that the minimum grinding wheel radius must be specified in the Cartesian
coordinate system for an inclined grinding wheel.
Note
A reaction occurs at the PLC if the minimum width or radius is undershot and grinding-specific
tool monitoring (Page 866) is active. Users can use these signals to define their error strategy.
18.1.3.5 $TC_TPG5
The width of the grinding wheel measured, for example, after the dressing operation, is entered
in the parameter $TC_TPG5.
18.1.3.6 $TC_TPG6 and $TC_TPG7

The upper limit values for maximum speed and peripheral speed of the grinding wheel must
be entered in the parameters $TC_TPG6 and $TC_TPG7.
Precondition: A spindle has been declared.
18.1.3.7 $TC_TPG8
The parameter $TC_TPG8 specifies the angle of inclination of an inclined wheel in the current
plane. It is evaluated for GWPS (Page 869).
Value range: -90° ≤ $TC_TPG8 < +90°
Extended Functions
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Note
The tool lengths are not automatically compensated when the angle is altered.
Note
On inclined axis machines the same angle must be specified for the inclined axis and the
inclined wheel.
18.1.3.8 $TC_TPG9
The parameter $TC_TPG9 specifies which correction values are to be used for the GWPS
calculation and tool monitoring for minimum wheel radius ($TC_TPG3), e.g.:
$TC_TPG9 = 3 Length 1 (geometry + wear + base, depending on tool type)

$TC_TPG9 = 6 Radius
18.1.3.9 Definition of additional parameters $TC_TPC1 ... 10

For user-specific tool data, the additional parameters $TC_TPC1 to $TC_TPC10 can be set
up independent of the tool type via the following memory-configuring machine data:
Extended Functions
MD18096 $MN_MM_NUM_CC_TDA_PARAM
NOTICE
Reconfiguration of the local static NC memory results in a loss of data on the active and
passive file system. We therefore urgently recommend archiving or backing up all relevant
data by creating a series startup file before activating a modified memory configuration.
18.1.3.10 Access to tool-specific parameters

Tool-specific parameters can be read and written from the part program.
Examples:

R10=$TC_TPG5[2] ; read the current width of tool 2 and store in R10
$TC_TPG6[3]=2000 ; write value 2000 to the maximum speed of tool 3.
The following system variable allows the tool-specific parameters for the current tool to be
accessed:
$P_ATPG[<m>]
<m> = parameter numbewr (data type: REAL)
Example:
Parameter 3 ($TPG3[<t>])

$P_ATPG[3]=R10 ; read the minimum wheel radius of the current tool and store
in R10.
18.1.4 Planes and axis assignments

Tool length compensations for the geometry axes or radius compensation in the plane are
assigned on the basis of the current machining plane.
The following planes and axis assignments are possible (abscissa, ordinate, applicate for 1st,
2nd and 3rd geometry axis):
Command Plane Axis perpendicular to plane

(abscissa/ordinate) (applicate)
G17 X/Y Z
G18 Z/X Y
G19 Y/Z X
Extended Functions
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Extended Functions
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Extended Functions
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Extended Functions
18.2 Online tool offset
18.2.1 Function
A grinding operation involves both machining of a workpiece and dressing of the grinding
wheel. These processes can take place in the same channel or in separate channels.
To allow machining to continue while the grinding wheel is being dressed, the reduction in the
size of the grinding wheel caused by dressing must be transferred to the current tool in the
machining channel as a tool offset that is applied immediately. This can be implemented by
means of the "Online tool offset" function.
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Figure 18-8 Dressing during machining using a dressing roller
The function supports the following methods of writing the tool offset:
● Continuous write, non-modal (PUTFTOCF (Page 859))
With PUTFTOCF, dressing is carried out at the same time as machining.
The tool offset is changed continuously in the machining channel according to a polynomial
function of the first, second or third order, which must have been defined previously with
FCTDEF (Page 857).
PUTFTOCF is always non-modal; in other words, it takes effect in the subsequent traversing
block.
● Continuous write, modal: ID=1 DO FTOC (for further information, see Function Manual
Synchronized Actions)
● Discrete write (PUTFTOC (Page 860))
With PUTFTOC, dressing is not carried out at the same time as machining from a parallel
channel. The correction value specified with PUTFTOC takes effect immediately in the
destination channel.
Activation / deactivation
The online tool offset in the part program is activated/deactivated by means of the G command
FTOCON/FTOCOF (Page 860).
Extended Functions
Additional properties
● An online tool offset can be activated for every grinding tool (tool type: 400 to 499) in each
channel.
● The online tool offset is generally applied as a length compensation. Like geometry and
wear data, lengths are assigned to geometry axes on the basis of the current plane as a
function of the tool type.
● The grinding spindle monitoring function remains active when an online tool offset is
selected.
Note
The online tool offset may only be used for grinding tools.
The offset always corrects the wear parameters of the selected length. If the length
compensation is identical for several cutting edges, then a chaining specification must be used
to ensure that the values for the 2nd cutting edge are automatically corrected as well.
If online tool offset is active in the machining channel, then the wear values for the active tool
in this channel may not be changed from the machining program or via operator inputs.
Modifications to the radius wear (P15) are not taken into account until the tool is reselected.
The online tool offset is also applied to the constant grinding wheel peripheral speed (GWPS),
i.e. the spindle speed is corrected by the corresponding value.
18.2.2 Programming
18.2.2.1 Defining a polynomial function (FCTDEF)

Certain dressing strategies (e.g. dressing roller) are characterized by the fact that the grinding
wheel radius is continuously (linearly) reduced as the dressing roller is fed in. This strategy
requires a linear function between infeed of the dressing roller and writing the wear value of
each length. The linear function is defined using the predefined procedure FCTDEF(...) for up
to third order polynomial functions.
Straight line equation

y = f(x) = a0 + a1*x1
a1: Gradient of the straight line, with a1= Δx / Δy
a0: Shift of the straight line along the X axis with a0 = -a1 * XV
Extended Functions
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FCTDEF(<Func>,<LLimit>,<ULimit>,<a0>,<a1>,<a2>,<a3>)
Meaning
FCTDEF(...): Defining a polynomial function for PUTFTOCF(...):

y = f(x) = a0 + a1*x + a2*x2 + a3*x3
<Func>: Function number
Data type: INT
Range of values: 1, 2, 3
<LLimit>: Lower limit value
Data type: REAL
<ULimit>: Upper limit value
Data type: REAL
<a0>,<a1>,<a2>,<a3>: Coefficients of polynomial function
Data type: REAL
Example
Definitions
● Function number: 1
● Lower and upper limit value: -100, 100
● Gradient of the characteristic: a1 = 1
● The operating point should be located at the center of the characteristic. Based on the
setpoint position of axis XA in the WCS at the instant that the function is defined in the NC
program, the characteristic must be shifted in the negative Y direction: a0 = -a1 * XAD = -1
* $AA_IW
● a2 = a3 = 0
Extended Functions
Characteristic
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LL Lower limit value
XAD Setpoint of axis XA at the time that the function is defined in the NC program
Programming

FCTDEF(1,-100,100,-$AA_IW[XA],1) ; Function definition
18.2.2.2 Write online tool offset continuously (PUTFTOCF)

Using the predefined procedure PUTFTOCF(...), an online tool offset is executed based on a
polynomial function previously defined with FCTDEF(...) (Page 857).
Note
The online tool offset can also be realized using a synchronized action.
For further information, see Function Manual Synchronized Actions.
Syntax
PUTFTOCF(<Func>,<RefVal>,<ToolPar>,<Chan>,<Sp>)
Meaning
PUTFTOCF(...): Write online tool offset, continuously block-by-block using the polynomial function
defined with FCTDEF(...)
<Func>: Function number, defined in the function definition with FCTDEF(...)
Data type: INT
Range of val‐ 1, 2, 3
ues:
<RefVal>: Reference value, from which the offset is to be derived (e.g. setpoint of an axis).
Data type: VAR REAL
Extended Functions
<ToolPar>: Number of the wear parameter (length 1, 2 or 3) in which the offset value is to be
included.
Data type: INT
<Chan>: Number of the channel in which the online tool offset is to take effect.
Note:
Only required if the offset is not to take effect in the active channel.
Data type: INT
<Sp>: Number of the spindle for which the online tool offset is to take effect.
Note:
Only required if the offset is to be applied to a non-active grinding wheel rather
than the active tool that is currently in use.
Data type: INT
18.2.2.3 Write online tool offset, discrete (PUTFTOC)
Function
Using the predefined procedurePUTFTOC(...), an online tool offset is executed based on a
fixed offset value.
Syntax
PUTFTOC(<CorrVal>,<ToolPar>,<Chan>,<Sp>)
Meaning
PUTFTOC(...): Write online tool offset

<CorrVal>: Offset value, which is added to the wear parameter.
Data type: REAL
<ToolPar>: Number of the wear parameter (length 1, 2 or 3) in which the offset value is to be
included.
Data type: INT
<Chan>: Number of the channel in which the online tool offset is to take effect.
Note:
Only required if the offset is not to take effect in the active channel.
Data type: INT
<Sp>: Number of the spindle for which the online tool offset is to take effect.
Note:
Only required if the offset is to be applied to a non-active grinding wheel rather
than the active tool that is currently in use.
Data type: INT
18.2.2.4 Activate/deactivate online tool offset (FTOCON/FTOCOF)

The online tool offset is activated or deactivated using the G commands FTOCON and
FTOCOF.
Extended Functions
Syntax
FTOCON
...
FTOCOF
Meaning
FTOCON: Activate online tool offset

The command must be programmed in the channel in which the online tool offset
is to be activated.
FTOCOF: Deactivate online tool offset
The command must be programmed in the channel in which the online tool offset
is to be deactivated.
Note:
On FTOCOF, the axis does not move further out for the tool offset. However, the
value calculated with PUTFTOC/PUTFTOCF remains in the cutting-specific offset
data.
To finally deactivate the online tool offset, the tool (T...) must again be selected/
deselected after FTOCOF.

DRF offset
The online tool offset is superimposed on the programmed axis motion, allowing for the defined
limit values (e.g. velocity).
If a DRF offset and online offset are active simultaneously for an axis, the DRF offset is
considered first.
Acceleration margin
The active online tool offset is traversed through at JOG velocity, allowing for the maximum
acceleration.
In case of FTOCON the following channel-specific machine data is taken into account:
MD20610 $MC_ADD_MOVE_ACCEL_RESERVE
An acceleration margin can thus be reserved for the movement which means that the overlaid
movement can be executed immediately.

The valid online offset is deleted on reference point approach with G74.
Tool change
In cases where FTOCON has been active since the last tool or cutting edge change,
preprocessing stop with resynchronization is initiated in the control when a tool is changed.
Extended Functions
Cutting edge changes can be implemented without preprocessing stop.
Note
Tool changes can be executed in conjunction with the online tool offset through the selection
of T numbers.
Tool changes with M6 cannot be executed in conjunction with the online tool offset function.
Machining plane and transformation

● FTOCON can be used only in conjunction with the "Inclined axis" transformation.
● It is not possible to change transformations or planes (e.g. G17 to G18) when FTOCON is
active, except in the FTOCOF state.
Resets and operating mode changes

● When online offset is active, NC-Stop and program end with M2/M30 are delayed until the
amount of compensation has been traversed.
● The online tool offset is immediately deselected in response to NC-Reset.
● Online tool offsets can be activated in AUTOMATIC mode and when the program is active.
Extended Functions
18.2.4 Examples
18.2.4.1 Example: Write online tool offset continuously

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9
① Grinding disk
② Dressing roller
X: Oscillating axis
Y: Infeed axis: Grinding disk
Z: Table axis
V: Infeed axis: Dressing roller
Figure 18-9 Surface grinding machine
Specifications
● Tool offset
– Machining plane: Y/Z plane (G19)
– Tool type: 401 (length 1 acts in Z, length 2 acts in Y)
● Channel 1: Machining channel, axes X, Y, Z
● Channel 2: Dressing channel, axis V
After the grinding operation has started at Y100, the grinding wheel must be dressed by 0.05
(in V direction). The dressing amount must be compensated continuously by means of an
online offset.
Extended Functions
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Program (section) for channel 1: Machining channel

...
G1 G18 F10 G90 ; initial setting
T1 D1 ; select actual tool
S100 M3 X100 ; switch-on spindle, X axis to initial po-
sition
INIT (2, "/_N_MPF_DIR/_N_ABRICHT_MPF", ; select: program "DRESS" in channel 2:
"S")
START (2) ; start: Channel 2
X200 ; X axis at target position
FTOCON ; activate online offset
...
Program for channel 2: Dressing channel

The V axis traverses parallel to the Y axis, i.e. length 3 of the tool offset acts in the direction
of the Y axis, and must therefore be compensated..

PROC ABRICHT
FCTDEF(1, -1000, 1000, -$AA_IW[V], 1) ; function definition
PUTFTOCF(1, $AA_IW[V], 3, 1) ; continuously write online tool offset:
; - Function number: 1
; - Reference value: Setpoint position
in the WCS of the V axis
; - Tool parameters: Length 3 of the
grinding disk
; - Channel: 1
; - Spindle: active grinding disk
Extended Functions
18.3 Online tool radius compensation

V-0.05 G1 F0.01 G91 ; infeed motion of the V axis for dressing
M30
18.3 Online tool radius compensation
Function
When the longitudinal axis of the tool and the contour are perpendicular to each other, the
offset can be applied as a length compensation to one of the three geometry axes (online tool
length compensation).
If this condition is not fulfilled, then the offset quantity can be entered as a real radius
compensation value (online tool radius compensation).
Enable
The online tool-radius offset is released via the machine data:
MD20254 $MC_ONLINE_CUTCOM_ENABLE (enable online tool radius compensation)
Switching on/switching off

An online tool radius compensation is activated and deactivated by means of the G commands
FTOCON and FTOCOF (in the same way as an online tool length compensation).
The parameters of the online tool offset are set by PUTFTOCF or PUTFTOC.
The parameter <ToolPar> (wear parameter in which the correction value is to be calculated)
must be set for the online tool radius compensation as follows:
<ToolPar> = 4
Extended Functions
18.4 Grinding-specific tool monitoring
Boundary conditions
● A tool radius compensation, and thus also an online tool radius compensation, can be
activated only when the selected tool has a radius other than zero. This means that
machining operations cannot be implemented solely with a tool radius compensation.
● The online correction values should be low in comparison to the original radius to prevent
the permitted dynamic tolerance range from being exceeded when the offset is overlaid on
the axis movement.
● For grinding and turning tools (types 400 - 599), the correction value is applied as a function
of the cutting edge position, i.e. it acts as a radius compensation when tool radius
compensation is active and as a length compensation when tool radius compensation is
deactivated in the axes specified by the cutting edge position.
On all other tool types, the correction value is applied only when tool radius compensation
has been activated with G41 or G42. The correction value is canceled when tool radius
compensation is deactivated with G40.
18.4.1 Function
Grinding-specific tool monitoring is a combination of geometry and speed monitoring. It can
be activated for every grinding tool (tool type: 400 to 499).
Note
Monitoring of one tool is not deselected if the monitoring function is selected for another tool
provided the two tools are referred to different spindles.
One tool and thus also one tool monitor can be active for every spindle at any point in time.
Activated monitors remain active after a reset.
Geometry monitoring
The actual wheel radius and the actual wheel width are monitored.
The compensation value of the first cutting edge (D1) of a grinding tool which is referenced in
the parameter $TC_TPG9 is used as the current wheel radius. If monitoring is active, this value
is compared to the value in parameter $TC_TPG3 (minimum wheel radius).
Note
The monitoring function for the wheel radius remains active if an online tool offset is selected:
● when the monitoring function is activated
● when the current radius (online tool offset, wear parameter) or the current width
($TC_TPG5) is altered
Extended Functions
The current wheel width is usually determined through the dressing cycle and can be entered
in parameter $TC_TPG5 of a grinding tool. If monitoring is active, this entered value is
compared to the value in parameter $TC_TPG4 (minimum wheel width).
If the current wheel radius falls below the value specified in the parameter $TC_TPG3 or the
current wheel width ($TC_TPG5) falls below the value defined in the parameter $TC_TPG4,
the control sets the following NC/PLC interface signal to "1":
DB31, ... DBX83.3 (geometry monitoring) == 1
Note
There is no controller-internal error response.
Speed monitoring
The speed monitor checks the grinding wheel peripheral speed in m/s (parameter $TC_TPG7)
as well as the maximum spindle speed in rpm (parameter $TC_TPG6).
The speed setpoint is monitored against the speed limitation cyclically with allowance for the
spindle override.
The speed limit is the smaller value resulting from the comparison of the maximum spindle
speed with the speed calculated from the maximum wheel peripheral speed and the current
wheel radius.
The speed limit value is recalculated:
● if monitoring is switched on
● if online correction values (wear parameters) are changed
When the speed limit value is reached, it is restricted to the speed limit value and the following
NC/PLC interface signal is set to "1":
DB31, ... DBX83.6 (speed monitoring) == 1
Note
There is no controller-internal error response.
Activation/deactivation of grinding-specific tool monitoring is done by programming of
TMON(...)/TMOF(...) (Page 868) in the part program.
Extended Functions
Automatic activation
If, when selecting the tool length compensation of a grinding tool with an odd tool type number,
the grinding-specific tool monitoring is to be automatically activated, the following machine
data must be set to "1":
MD20350 $MC_TOOL_GRIND_AUTO_TMON (activation of tool monitoring) = 1
18.4.3 Programming
18.4.3.1 Activate/deactivate grinding-specific tool monitoring (TMON, TMOF)

With the predefined procedures TMON(...) and TMOF(...), the grinding-specific tool monitoring
is activated or deactivated (geometry and speed monitoring).
Requirement
The tool-specific parameters $TC_TPG1 to $TC_TPG9 must be set.
Syntax
TMON(<TNo>)
...
TMOF(<TNo>)
Meaning
TMON(...): Activate grinding-specific tool monitoring

The command must be programmed in the channel in which the grinding-specific tool
monitoring is to be activated.
TMOF(...): Deactivate grinding-specific tool monitoring
The command must be programmed in the channel in which the grinding-specific tool
monitoring is to be deactivated.
<TNo>: T number
Note:
Only required if the monitoring is to be switched on or off for an inactive grinding wheel
rather than the active grinding wheel that is currently in use.
TMOF(0): Deactivate monitoring for all tools
Extended Functions
18.5 Constant grinding wheel peripheral speed (GWPS).
18.5.1 Function
For grinding wheels, generally the wheel peripheral speed is used instead of the spindle speed.
The value to be set is determined by technological process parameters (e.g. grinding wheel
characteristic, material combination).
To be able to specify the wheel peripheral speed in the part program, the tool-specific
parameters $TC_TPG1 (Page 848), $TC_TPG8 (Page 850) and $TC_TPG9 (Page 851) must
be set and the function "Constant grinding wheel peripheral speed (GWPS)" must be activated.
Note
Activation of GWPS does not cause the automatic activation of tool length compensation or
grinding-specific tool monitoring!
As soon as the function is active, any subsequent S value for the spindle that is assigned to
the grinding wheel via $TC_TPG1 will be interpreted as grinding wheel peripheral speed. The
grinding wheel speed is set such that, taking account of the current wheel radius, the grinding
wheel peripheral speed remains constant.
The formula for calculating the speed is as follows:
68* >P V@

Q>PLQ@
˭ 5>P@
The correction value to be used for calculation is defined in the tool-specific parameter
$TC_TPG9. The associated wear and the base dimension as a function of the tool type are
added to this correction value. The sum total is divided by "cos" ($TC_TPG8) when the value
of parameter $TC_TPG8 (angle of inclined wheel) is positive, and is divided by "sin"
($TC_TPG8) when the value is negative.
The speed is recalculated in response to the following events:
● Specification a new grinding wheel peripheral speed, e.g. by:
– programming in the part program/overstoring
– assignment to the address "S" in MDI
– spindle speed control via PLC (FC18).
● Changing the online correction values (wear parameters)
Activation/deactivation of GWPS is implemented by programming GWPSON(...)/GWPSOF(...)
in the part program (see "Programming (Page 871)").
Extended Functions
Status
The following interface signal can be used to determine whether or not the GWPS is active:
DB31, ... DBX84.1 (GWPS active)
New tool
If GWPS is to be selected with a new tool for a spindle for which GWPS is already active, the
active GWPS must first be deselected (otherwise an alarm is output).
Response to reset/part program end

In the basic setting, GWPS is deactivated for a reset or end of part program and the spindle
is stopped. The machine data settings behind this behavior can be changed as needed (see
"Parameter assignment (Page 870)").
Additional properties
● GWPS can be activated for every grinding tool (tool type: 400 to 499) in each channel.
● GWPS can be active simultaneously for several spindles, each with a different grinding
tool, in the same channel.
Automatic activation
If the constant grinding wheel peripheral speed (GWPS) is to be automatically selected for a
spindle after Power On, and remain selected during mode switch, reset or end of the part
program, the following machine data bit must be set to "1":
MD35032 $MA_SPIND_FUNC_RESET_MODE Bit 0 = 1
Note
The prerequisite is that the tool be a grinding tool (tool type 400 to 499), the tool-specific
parameters $TC_TPG1, $TC_TPG8 and $TC_TPG9 are set, and $TC_TPG1 refers to a valid
spindle.
Behavior of spindle after reset/part program end

If the spindle is not to stop after a reset or end of part program, but is to continue rotating at
the current speed, the following machine data must be set to "1":
Extended Functions
MD35040 $MA_SPIND_ACTIVE_AFTER_RESET = 1
Note
MD35040 only takes effect in the spindle mode open-loop control operation.
18.5.3 Programming
18.5.3.1 Switching constant grinding wheel peripheral speed (GWPSON, GWPSOF) on/off:
With the predefined procedures GWPSON(...) and GWPSOF(...), the constant grinding wheel
peripheral speed (GWPS) for grinding tools (tool type: 400 to 499) is switched on and off.
Syntax
GWPSON(<TNo>)
S<n>=... :
...
GWPSOF(<TNo>)
Meaning
GWPSON(...): Switch on the constant grinding wheel peripheral speed

GWPSOF(...): Switch off the constant grinding wheel peripheral speed
<TNo>: T number
Note:
Only required if the constant grinding wheel peripheral speed is to be switch‐
ed on or off for an inactive grinding wheel rather than the active grinding
wheel that is currently in use.
S<n>=…: Grinding wheel peripheral speed in m/s or ft/s for spindle <n>
S0=... or S... : Grinding wheel peripheral speed for the master spindle
Query status
The following system variable can be used to query from the part program whether the constant
grinding wheel peripheral speed is active for a specific spindle.
$P_GWPS[<n>] ; where <n> = spindle number
Value Meaning
0 (= FALSE) GWPS is inactive.
1 (= TRUE) GWPS is active.
Extended Functions
18.5.4 Example
A constant grinding wheel peripheral speed is to be used for grinding tools T1 and T5. T1 is
the active tool.
Data of tool T1 (peripheral grinding wheel)
$TC_DP1[1,1] = 403 ;tool type

$TC_DP3[1,1] = 300 ;length1
$TC_DP4[1,1] = 50 ;length2
$TC_DP12[1,1] = 0 ;wear length 1
$TC_DP13[1.1] =0 ;wear length 2
$TC_DP21[1.1] =300 ;base length 1
$TC_DP22[1.1] =400 ;base length 2
$TC_TPG1[1] = 1 ;spindle number
$TC_TPG8[1] = 0 ;angle of inclined wheel
$TC_TPG9[1] = 3 ;parameter no. for radius calculation
Data of tool T5 (inclined grinding wheel)
$TC_DP1[5,1] = 401 ;tool type

$TC_DP3[5,1] = 120 ;length1
$TC_DP4[5,1] = 30 ;length2
$TC_DP12[5,1] = 0 ;wear length 1
$TC_DP13[5,1] =0 ;wear length 2
$TC_DP21[5,1] =100 ;base length 1
$TC_DP22[5,1] =150 ;base length 2
$TC_TPG1[5] = 2 ;spindle number
$TC_TPG8[5] = 45 ;angle of inclined wheel
$TC_TPG9[5] = 3 ;parameter no. for radius calculation
Programming

N20 T1 D1 ; select T1 and D1
N25 S1=1000 M1=3 ; 1000 rpm for spindle 1
N30 S2=1500 M2=3 ; 1500 rpm for spindle 2
...
N40 GWPSON ; activate GWPS for active tool T1
N45 S[$P_ATPG[1]]=60 ; set GWPS for active tool to 60 m/s
→ n=1909.85 rpm
...
N50 GWPSON(5) ; activate GWPS for tool 5 (spindle 2)
N55 S[$TC_TPG1[5]]=40 ; set GWPS for spindle 2 to 40 m/s
→ n=1909.85 rpm
...
N60 GWPSOF ; deactivate GWPS for active tool
Extended Functions
18.6 Data lists

N65 GWPSOF(5) ; deactivate GWPS for tool 5 (spindle 2)
...
See also
P5: Oscillation (Page 693)
18.6 Data lists
18.6.1 Machine data

18094 MM_NUM_CC_TDA_PARAM Number of TDA
18096 MM_NUM_CC_TOA_PARAM Number of TOA
18100 MM_NUM_CUTTING_EDGES_IN_TOA Tool offsets per TOA

20254 ONLINE_CUTCOM_ENABLE Enable online tool radius compensation
20350 TOOL_GRIND_AUTO_TMON Automatic tool monitoring
20610 ADD_MOVE_ACCEL_RESERVE Acceleration reserve for overlaid movements

32020 JOG_VELO Jog axis velocity
35032 SPIND_FUNC_RESET_MODE Reset behavior of individual spindle functions
35040 SPIND_ACTIVE_AFTER_RESET Independent spindle reset
Extended Functions
18.6 Data lists
18.6.2 Signals

Geometry monitoring DB31, ... .DBX83.3 DB390x.DBX2001.3
Speed monitoring DB31, ... .DBX83.6 DB390x.DBX2001.6
GWPS active DB31, ... .DBX84.1 DB390x.DBX2002.1
Extended Functions
Z2: NC/PLC interface signals 19
19.1 Digital and analog NCK I/Os (A4)
19.1.1 Signals to NC (DB10)
Overview of signals from PLC to NC
DB10 Signals to NC interface PLC → NC

DBB Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
0 Disable digital NCK inputs
Digital inputs without hardware *) (on-board inputs) **)
Input 8 Input 7 Input 6 Input 5 Input 4 Input 3 Input 2 Input 1
1 Setting by PLC of the digital NCK inputs
Digital inputs without hardware *) (on-board inputs) **)
4 Disable digital NCK outputs
Digital outputs without hardware *) on-board outputs **)
Output 8 Output 7 Output 6 Output 5 Output 4 Output 3 Output 2 Output 1
5 Overwrite screen form for digital NCK outputs
6 Set value by PLC of the digital NCK outputs
7 Setting screen form for digital NCK outputs
Notes:
*) Bits 4 to 7 of the digital NCK inputs/outputs can be processed by the PLC even though there are no equivalent hardware
I/Os. These bits can therefore also be used for data exchange between the NCK and PLC.
**) The NCK digital inputs/outputs 1 to 4 are provided as onboard hardware inputs and outputs.
DB10 Signals to NC interface PLC → NC
Extended Functions
Z2: NC/PLC interface signals

146 Disable analog NCK inputs
Extended Functions
147 Setting screen form for analog NCK inputs

148, 149 Setting value from PLC for analog input 1 of the NCK
166 Overwrite screen form for analog NCK outputs
167 Setting screen form for analog NCK outputs
168 Disable analog NCK outputs
170, 171 Setting value from PLC for analog output 1 of NCK
Description of signals from PLC to NC
DB10
DBB0, 122, 124, 126, Disable digital NCK inputs
128
Edge evaluation: No Signal(s) updated: Cyclic
Signal state 1 or edge The digital input of the NCK is disabled by the PLC. It is thus set to "0" in a defined way in the control.
change 0 → 1
Signal state 0 or edge The digital input of the NCK is enabled. The signal state applied at the input can now be read directly
change 1 → 0 in the NC part program.
Corresponding to .... DB10 DBB1 (Setting by PLC of the digital NCK inputs)
DB10 DBB60 (actual value for digital NCK inputs)
Extended Functions
DB10
DBB1, 123, 125, 127, Setting by PLC of the digital NCK inputs
129
Signal state 1 or edge The digital NCK input is set to a defined "1" state by the PLC. This means the signal state at the
change 0 → 1 hardware input and disabling of the input (IS "Disable the digital NCK inputs") have no effect.
Signal state 0 or edge The signal state at the NCK input is enabled for read access by the NC part program. However, the
change 1 → 0 state can be accessed only if the NCK input is not disabled by the PLC (IS "Disable digital NCK
inputs" = 0).
Corresponding DB10 DBB0 (Disable digital NCK inputs)
to ... DB10 DBB60 (actual value for digital NCK inputs)
DB10
DBB4, 130, 134, 138, Disable digital NCK outputs
142
Signal state 1 or edge The digital NCK output is disabled. "0V" is output in a defined way at the hardware output.
change 0 → 1
Signal state 0 or edge The digital output of the NCK is enabled. As a result, the value set by the NC part program or the
change 1 → 0 PLC is output at the hardware output.
Corresponding DB10 DBB5 (Overwrite screen form for digital NCK outputs)
to ... DB10 DBB7 (Setting screen form for digital NCK outputs)
DB10 DBB6 (Setting by PLC of digital NCK outputs)
DB10
DBB5, 131, 135, 139, Overwrite screen form for digital NCK outputs
143
Signal state 1 or edge On signal transition 0 → 1 the previous NCK value is overwritten by the setting value (IS "Set value
change 0 → 1 by PLC of the digital NCK outputs"). The previous NCK value, which, for example, was directly set
by the part program, is lost.
The signal status defined by the setting value forms the new NCK value.
Signal state 0 or edge As the interface signal is only evaluated by the NCK on signal transition 0 →1 it must be reset to "0"
change 1 → 0 again by the PLC user program in the next PLC cycle.
Special cases, Note:
errors, .... The PLC interface for the setting value (DB10, DBB6) is used both by the overwrite screen form (for
signal transition 0 → 1) and the setting screen form (for signal state 1). Simultaneous activation of
the two screen forms via the PLC user program must be avoided.
Corresponding to .... DB10 DBB4 (Disable digital NCK outputs)
DB10 DBB7 (Setting screen form for digital NCK outputs)
DB10 DBB6 (Setting value by PLC of digital NCK outputs)
Extended Functions
DB10
DBB6, 132, 136, 140, Set value by PLC of the digital NCK outputs
144
Signal state 1 or edge The signal status for the digital hardware output can be changed by the PLC with the setting value.
change 0 → 1 There are two possibilities:
● With the "Overwrite screen form":
With signal transition 0 → 1 in the 'overwrite screen form' the PLC overwrites the previous 'NCK
value' with the 'setting value'. This is the new 'NCK value'.
● With the 'setting screen form':
On signal state 1 in the "setting screen form", the "PLC value" is activated. The value used is the
'setting value'.
With "setting value" "1", signal level 1 is put out at the hardware output. With "0", the output level is
0. The associated voltage values can be found in:
References:
Device Manual, NCU 7x0.3 PN
Signal state 0 or edge As the interface signal is only evaluated by the NCK on signal transition 0 → 1 it must be reset to "0"
DB10 DBB5 (Overwrite screen form for digital NCK outputs)
DB10 DBB7 (Setting screen form for digital NCK outputs)
DB10
DBB7, 133, 137, 141, Setting screen form for digital NCK outputs
145
Signal state 1 or edge Instead of the NCK value, the PLC value is output at the digital hardware output. The PLC value must
change 0 → 1 first be deposited in IS "Set value by PLC of the digital NCK outputs".
The current NCK value is not lost.
Signal state 0 or edge The NCK value is output at the digital hardware output.
change 1 → 0
Extended Functions
DB10
DBB146 Disable analog NCK inputs
Signal state 1 or edge The analog input of the NCK is disabled by the PLC. It is thus set to "0" in a defined way in the control.
change 0 → 1
Signal state 0 or edge The analog input of the NCK is enabled. This means that the analog value at the input can be read
change 1 → 0 directly in the NC part program if the setting screen form is set to 0 signal by the PLC for this NCK
input.
Corresponding DB10 DBB147 (Setting screen form of analog NCK inputs)
to ... DB10 DBB148 (Setting by PLC of analog NCK inputs)
DB10 DBB199 ... (Actual value of analog NCK inputs)
MD10300 $MN_FASTIO_ANA_NUM_INPUTS
DB10
DBB147 Setting screen form of analog NCK inputs
Signal state 1 or edge The setting value from the PLC acts as the enabled analog value
change 0 → 1 (IS "Setting value from PLC for analog NCK inputs").
Signal state 0 or edge The analog value at the NCK input is enabled for read access by the NC part program However, the
change 1 → 0 state can be accessed only if the NCK input is not disabled by the PLC (IS "Disable analog NCK
inputs" = 0).
Corresponding to .... DB10 DBB146 (Disable analog NCK inputs)
DB10 DBB148 to 163 (Setting by PLC of analog NCK inputs)
DB10 DBB199-209 (Actual value of analog NCK inputs)
DB10
DBB148 - 163 Setting value from PLC for analog NCK inputs
Signal state 1 or edge With this setting value a defined analog value can be set by the PLC. With IS "Setting screen form
change 0 → 1 of analog NCK inputs", the PLC selects whether the analog value at the hardware input or the setting
value from the PLC is to be used as the enabled analog value.
The setting value from the PLC becomes active as soon as IS "Setting screen form" is set to "1".
The setting value from the PLC is specified as a fixed point number (16 bit value including sign) in
2's complement.
DB10 DBB147 (Setting screen form of analog NCK inputs)
DB10 DBB199-209 (Actual value of analog NCK inputs)
Extended Functions
DB10
DBB166 Overwrite screen form for analog NCK outputs
Signal state 1 or edge On signal transition 0 → 1 the previous NCK value is overwritten by the setting value (IS "Setting
change 0 → 1 value from PLC for analog NCK outputs"). The previous NCK value which, for example, was directly
set by the part program, is lost.
The analog value specified by the PLC setting value forms the new NCK value.
errors, .... The PLC interface for the setting value is used both by the overwrite screen form (for signal transition
0 → 1) and the setting screen form (for signal state 1). Simultaneous activation of the two screen
forms must be avoided via the PLC user program.
Corresponding to .... DB10 DBB168 (Disable analog NCK outputs)
DB10 DBB167 (Setting screen form of analog NCK outputs)
DB10 DBB170-185 (Setting by PLC of analog NCK outputs)
MD10310 $MN_FASTIO_ANA_NUM_OUTPUTS
DB10
DBB167 Setting screen form of analog NCK outputs
Signal state 1 or edge Instead of the NCK value, the PLC value is output at the analog hardware output. The PLC value
change 0 → 1 must first be stored in IS "Setting value from PLC for the analog NCK outputs".
The current NCK value is not lost.
Signal state 0 or edge The NCK value is output at the analog hardware output.
change 1 → 0
DB10 DBB166 (Overwrite screen form of analog NCK outputs)
DB10
DBB168 Disable analog NCK outputs
Signal state 1 or edge The analog output of the NCK is disabled. "0V" is output in a defined way at the hardware output.
change 0 → 1
Extended Functions
DB10
DBB168 Disable analog NCK outputs
Signal state 0 or edge The analog output of the NCK is enabled. As a result, the value set by the NC part program or the
change 1 → 0 PLC is output at the hardware output.
Corresponding to .... DB10 DBB166 (Overwrite screen form of analog NCK outputs)
DB10
DBB170 - 185 Setting value from PLC for analog NCK outputs
Signal state 1 or edge With this setting value, the value for the analog hardware output can be changed by the PLC. There
change 0 → 1 are two possibilities:
● With the "Overwrite screen form":
With signal transition 0 → 1 in the 'overwrite screen form' the PLC overwrites the previous 'NCK
value' with the 'setting value'. This is the new "NCK value".
● With the "setting screen form":
On signal state 1 in the "setting screen form", the "PLC value" is activated. The value used is the
'setting value'.
The setting value from the PLC is specified as a fixed point number (16 bit value including sign) in
2's complement.
DB10 DBB166 (Overwrite screen form of analog NCK outputs)
19.1.2 Signals from NC (DB10)
Overview of signals from NC to PLC
DB10 Signals from NC interface NC → PLC

60 Actual value for digital NCK inputs
(on-board inputs) **)
Input 4 Input 3 Input 2 Input 1
64 Setpoint for digital NCK outputs
Digital inputs without hardware *) on-board outputs **)
Extended Functions

Output Output 15 Output 14 Output 13 Output 12 Output 11 Output 10 Output 9
16
24
32
40
Notes:
*) Bits 4 to 7 of the digital inputs and NCK outputs can be processed by the PLC although no equivalent
hardware I/Os exist. These bits can therefore also be used for data exchange between the NCK and
PLC.
**) The NCK digital inputs/outputs 1 to 4 are provided as onboard hardware inputs and outputs.
DB10 Signals from NC interface NC → PLC
194, Actual value for analog input 1 of NCK
195
197
199
201
203
205
207
209
210, Setpoint for analog output 1 of NCK
211
213
Extended Functions

215
217
219
221
223
225
Description of signals from NC to PLC
DB10
DBB60, 186 - 189 Actual value for digital NCK inputs
Signal state 1 or edge Signal level "1" is active at the digital hardware input of the NCK.
change 0 → 1
Signal state 0 or edge Signal level "0" is active at the digital hardware input of the NCK.
change 1 → 0
Special cases, The influence of interface signal:
errors, ...... DB10 DBB0 (Disable digital NCK inputs)
is ignored for the actual value.
Corresponding to .... DB10 DBB0 (Disable digital NCK inputs)
DB10
DBB64, 190 - 193 Setpoint for digital NCK outputs
Signal state 1 or edge The NCK value for the digital output currently set (setpoint) is "1".
change 0 → 1
Signal state 0 or edge The NCK value for the digital output currently set (setpoint) is "0".
change 1 → 0
Signal irrelevant for ... This 'setpoint' is only output to the hardware output under the following conditions:
● Output is not disabled (IS "Disable digital NCK outputs")
● PLC has switched to the NCK value (IS "Setting screen form for digital NCK inputs")
As soon as these conditions are fulfilled, the "setpoint" of the digital output corresponds to the "actual
value".
DB10 DBB7 (Setting mask for digital NCK outputs)
Extended Functions
19.2 Distributed systems (B3)
DB10
DBB194 - 209 Actual value for analog NCK inputs
Signal state 1 or edge The analog value applied to the analog NCK input is signalled to the PLC.
change 0 → 1 The actual value is set as a fixed point number (16 bit value including sign) in 2's complement by the
NCK.
Signal state 0 or edge The effect of the PLC on the analog value (e.g. with IS "Disable analog NCK inputs") is ignored.
change 1 → 0
DB10 DBB147 (Setting screen form of analog NCK inputs)
DB10 DBB148-163 (Setting by PLC of analog NCK inputs)
DB10
DBB210 - 225 Setpoint for analog NCK outputs
Signal state 1 or edge The current set NCK value for the analog output (setpoint) is signalled to the PLC.
change 0 → 1 The set value is set as a fixed point number (16 bit value including sign) in 2's complement by the
NCK.
Signal state 0 or edge This 'setpoint' is only output to the hardware output under the following conditions:
change 1 → 0 ● Output is not disabled (IS "Disable analog NCK outputs")
● The PLC has switched to the NCK value (IS "Setting screen form of analog NCK outputs")
Corresponding DB10 DBB168 (Disable analog NCK outputs)
to .... DB10 DBB166 (Overwrite screen form of analog NCK outputs)
19.2.1 Defined logical functions/defines
BUSTYP
Name Value Interface DB19 Meaning

MPI 1 DBW100.102.104. Control unit to MPI, 187.5 kbaud
120. 130
Bits 8 -15
OPI 2 " Control unit to MPI, 1.5 Mbaud
Extended Functions
STATUS

OFFL_REQ_PLC 1 Online interfaces PLC to control unit: PLC wants to displace control unit by offline
1. : DBB124 request.
2. : DBB134
OFFL_CONF_PLC 2 Online interfaces Control unit to PLC: Acknowledgement of OFFL_REQ_PLC
1. : DBB124 The meaning of the signal is dependent on Z_INFO DBB125
2. : DBB134 or DBB135
OFFL_REQ_OP 3 Online interfaces Control unit to PLC: Control unit would like to go offline from
1. : DBB124 this NCU and outputs an offline request
2. : DBB134
OFFL_CONF_OP 4 Online interfaces PLC to control unit: Acknowledgement of OFFL_REQ_OP
2. : DBB134 or DBB135
ONL_PERM 5 Online request inter‐ PLC to control unit: PLC notifies control unit as to whether it
face can go online or not.
DBB108 The meaning of the signal is dependent on Z_INFO: DBB109
S_ACT 6 Online interfaces Control unit to PLC: Control unit goes online or changes oper‐
1. : DBB124 ating focus.
or DBB135
OFFL_REQ_FOC 7 Online interfaces Control unit to PLC: Control unit would like to take operating
1. : DBB124 focus away from this NCU
2. : DBB134
OFFL_CONF_FOC 8 Online interfaces PLC to control unit: Acknowledgement of OFFL_REQ_FOC
2. : DBB134 or DBB135
ONL_REQ_FOC 9 Online interfaces Control unit to PLC: Control unit would like to set operating
1. : DBB124 focus to this NCU
2. : DBB134
ONL_PERM_FOC 10 Online interfaces PLC to control unit: Acknowledgement of ONL_REQ_FOC
2. : DBB134 or DBB135
Z_INFO

DISC_FOC 9 DBB125 Control unit switches operating focus to another NCU.
DBB135
Set 10 DBB109 Bit 0-3 Positive acknowledgement
DBB125
DBB135
CONNECT 11 DBB125 Control unit has gone online on this NCU.
DBB135
Extended Functions

MMC_LOCKED 13 DBB109 Bit 0-3 HMI has set switchover disable.
DBB125 There are processes running on this control unit that may not
DBB135 be interrupted by a switchover.
PLC_LOCKED 14 DBB109 Bit 0-3 The HMI switchover disable is set in the HMI-PLC interface.
DBB125 Control unit cannot go offline from this NCU or change operat‐
ing focus.
DBB135
PRIO_H 15 DBB109 Bit 0-3 Control units with a higher priority are operating on this NCU.
DBB125 Requesting control unit cannot go online to this NCU.
DBB135
STATUS and Z_INFO can be combined as follows
Name: Status Z_INFO Meaning

OFFL_REQ_PLC Set PLC wants to displace online control unit by offline request.
OFFL_CONF_PLC Set Control unit positively acknowledges the offline request from PLC.
Control unit will subsequently go offline.
OFFL_CONF_PLC MMC_LOCKED Control unit negatively acknowledges the offline request.
Control unit will not go offline, as processes are running that must not
be interrupted.
OFFL_REQ_OP Set Control unit would like to go offline from the online NCU and outputs
an offline request.
OFFL_CONF_OP Set PLC positively acknowledges the offline request.
Control unit will subsequently go offline from this NCU.
OFFL_CONF_OP PLC_LOCKED PLC negatively acknowledges the offline request from control unit.
User has set the HMI switchover disable, control unit cannot go offline,
MMCx_SHIFT_LOCK = TRUE, x=1 or 2, 1st or 2nd HMI-PLC inter‐
face.
ONL_PERM No. of HMI-PLC online PLC issues the online enabling command to the requesting control
interface, OK unit. Control unit can then go online to this NCU. Content of Z_INFO:
Bit 0 ..3: Set
Bit 4... 7: No. of HMI-PLC online interface with which the control unit
should connect:
First HMI-PLC online interface
Second HMI-PLC online interface
ONL_PERM MMC_LOCKED The requesting control unit cannot go online.
Two control units on which uninterruptible processes are in progress
are connected online to this NCU. The PLC cannot suppress either of
the two control units.
ONL_PERM PLC_LOCKED The requesting control unit cannot go online.
User has set HMI switchover disable, MMCx_SHIFT_LOCK = TRUE,
x=1 or 2, first or second HMI online interface.
ONL_PERM PRIO_H The requesting control unit cannot go online.
Two control units that are both higher priority than the requesting con‐
trol unit are connected online to the NCU.
The PLC cannot suppress either of the two control units.
Extended Functions
Name: Status Z_INFO Meaning

S_ACT CONNECT The requesting control unit has gone online.
The PLC now activates HMI sign-of-life monitoring.
S_ACT DISC_FOCUS Server HMI has disconnected the operating focus from this NCU.
OFFL_REQ_FOC Set Server HMI would like to disconnect the operating focus from this NCU
and outputs an offline focus request.
OFFL_CONF_FOC Set PLC positively acknowledges the offline focus request.
Server HMI can disconnect operating focus.
OFFL_CONF_FOC PLC_LOCKED PLC negatively acknowledges the online focus request.
User has set HMI switchover disable, server HMI cannot disconnect
operating focus, MMCx_SHIFT_LOCK = TRUE,
x=1 or 2, first or second HMI-PLC interface.
ONL_REQ_FOC Set Server HMI would like to set the operating focus on this NCU and
outputs an online focus request.
ONL_PERM_FOC Set PLC positively acknowledges the online focus request.
Server HMI then connects operating focus to this NCU.
ONL_PERM_FOC PLC_LOCKED PLC negatively acknowledges the online focus request. User has set
HMI switchover disable, server HMI cannot set operating focus,
MMCx_SHIFT_LOCK = TRUE,
x=1 or 2, first or second HMI-PLC interface.
19.2.2 Interfaces in DB19 for M:N

The HMI/PLC interface in DB19 is divided into three areas.
Online request interface

The online request sequence is executed on this interface if a control unit wants to go online.
HMI writes its client ID to ONL_REQUEST and waits for the return of the client ID in
ONL_CONFIRM.
After the positive acknowledgement from the PLC, the control unit sends its parameters and
waits for online permission (in PAR_STATUS, PAR_Z_INFO).
HMI parameter transfer:
Client identification -> PAR_CLIENT_IDENT
HMI type -> PAR_MMC_TYP
MCP address -> PAR_MSTT_ADR
With the positive online permission, the PLC also sends the number of the HMI-PLC online
interface DBB109.4-7 to be used by the control unit.
The MMC then goes online and occupies the online interface assigned by the PLC.
Online interfaces
Two control units can be connected online to one NCU at the same time.
Extended Functions
The online interface is available for each of the two online control units separately.
After a successful online request sequence, the control unit receives the number of its online
interface from the PLC.
The HMI parameters are then transferred to the corresponding online interface by the PLC.
The control unit goes online and occupies its own online interface via which data are then
exchanged between the HMI and PLC.
HMI data interfaces

User data from/to the HMI are defined on these:
● DBB 0-49 control unit 1 interface
● DBB 50-99 control unit 2 interface
These data and signals are always needed to operate control units.
M:N sign-of-life monitoring

This is an additional monitoring function which must not be confused with the HMI sign-of-life
monitor. For further information, please refer to the relevant signals.
In certain operating states, control units with activated M:N switchover (parameterizable in
NETNAMES.INI) must be capable of determining from a PLC data whether they need to wait
or not before linking up with an NCU.
Example:
Control units with an activated control unit switchover function must be capable of starting up
an NCU without issuing an online request first.
Control unit must go online for service-related reasons.
The operation is coordinated in the online request interface via data DBW110: M_TO_N_ALIVE
The M:N sign of life is a ring counter which is incremented cyclically by the PLC or set to a
value of 1 when it overflows.
Before a control unit issues an online request, it must check the sign of life to establish whether
the M:N switchover is activated in the PLC.
Procedure:
HMI reads the sign of life at instants T0 and T0 + 1.
Case 1: negative acknowledgement for reading process, DB19 does not exist. Control unit
goes online without request procedure.
Case 2: m_to_n_alive = 0, control unit switchover disabled. Control unit goes online without
request procedure.
Case 3: m_to_n_alive (T0) = m_to_n_alive (T0+1), control unit switchover disabled. Control
unit goes online without request procedure.
Case 4: m_to_n_alive (T0) <> m_to_n_alive (T0+1), control unit switchover enabled.
Case 1 ... case 3 apply only under special conditions and not in normal operation.
Extended Functions
Online request interface
DB19 DBW100 ONL_REQUEST

Client_Ident Control unit would like to go online and use the online request interface. HMI first
writes its Client_Ident as a request.
Bit 8 .. 15: Bus type: MPI 1 or BTSS 2
Bit 0 .. 7: HMI bus address
DB19 DBW102 ONL_CONFIRM.
Client_Ident If the online request interface is not being used by another control unit, the PLC
returns the Client identification as positive acknowledgement.
Bit 8 .. 15: Bus type: MPI 1 or BTSS 2
DB19 DBW104 PAR_CLIENT_IDENT HMI parameter transfer to PLC
Client_Ident Bit 8 .. 15: Bus type: MPI 1 or BTSS 2
DB19 DBB106 PAR_MMC_TYP HMI parameter transfer to PLC
HMI type from NETNAMES.INI Type properties of the control unit configured in file NETNAMES.INI. Evaluated by
the PLC when MMC is suppressed (server, main/secondary operator panel, ...),
see description of file NETNAMES.INI
DB19 DBB107 PAR_MSTT_ADR HMI parameter transfer to PLC
MCP address from NETNAMES.INI Address of MCP to be switched over or activated/deactivated with the control unit.
Parameter from NETNAMES.INI
255 No MCP is assigned to control unit, no MCP will be activated/deactivated
DB19 DB108 PAR_STATUS PLC sends HMI pos./neg. online permission
ONL_PERM (5) PLC notifies HMI as to whether control unit can go online or not. The meaning of
the signal is dependent on PAR_Z_INFO:
DB19 DBB109 PAR_Z_INFO PLC sends HMI pos./neg. online permission
No. of HMI-PLC online interface, OK PLC issues the online enabling command to the requesting control unit.
(10) Control unit can then go online to this NCU.
Bit 0 ..3: Set
Bit 4 .. 7: No. of HMI-PLC online interface with which the control unit should connect:
First HMI-PLC online interface
Second HMI-PLC online interface
MMC_LOCKED (13) The requesting control unit cannot go online. Two control units on which uninter‐
ruptible processes are in progress are connected online to this NCU. The PLC
cannot suppress either of the two control units.
PLC_LOCKED (14) The control unit switchover disable is set in the HMI-PLC interface.
PRIO_H (15) The requesting control unit cannot go online. Two control units that are both higher
priority than the requesting control unit are connected online to the NCU. The PLC
cannot suppress either of the two control units.
Sign of life of M:N switchover
DB19 DBW110 M_TO_N_ALIVE

1 ... 65535 Ring counter that is cyclically incremented by the PLC. Indicator for the HMI that
the M:N switchover is active and ready.
Extended Functions
1. HMI/PLC online interface
DB19 DBW120 MMC1_CLIENT_IDENT

refer to PAR_CLIENT_IDENT
after issuing positive online permission, the PLC transfers the HMI parameters to
the online interface PAR_CLIENT_IDENT -> MMC1_CLIENT_IDENT
DB19 DBB122 MMC1_TYP
refer to PAR_MMC_TYP
After issuing positive online permission, the PLC transfers the HMI parameters to
the online interface PAR_MMC_TYP -> MMC1_TYP
DB19 DBB123 MMC1_MSTT_ADR
refer to PAR_ MSTT_ADR
After issuing positive online permission, the PLC transfers the HMI parameters to
the online interface PAR_ MSTT_ADR -> MMC1_MSTT_ADR
DB19 DBB124 MMC1_STATUS
Requests from online HMI to PLC or vice-versa. The meaning of the signal is
dependent on MMC1_Z_INFO
OFFL_REQ_PLC (1) PLC to HMI: PLC wants to displace control unit by offline request.
OFFL_CONF_PLC (2) HMI to PLC: Acknowledgement of OFFL_REQ_PLC
OFFL_REQ_OP (3) HMI to PLC: Control unit would like to go offline from this NCU and outputs an
offline request
OFFL_CONF_OP (4) PLC to HMI: Acknowledgement of OFFL_REQ_OP
S_ACT (6) HMI to PLC: Control unit goes online or changes operating focus
OFFL_REQ_FOC (7) HMI to PLC: Control unit would like to take operating focus away from this NCU
OFFL_CONF_FOC (8) PLC to HMI: Acknowledgement of OFFL_REQ_FOC
ONL_REQ_FOC (9) HMI to PLC: Control unit would like to set operating focus to this NCU
ONL_PERM_FOC (10) PLC to HMI: Acknowledgement of ONL_REQ_FOC
DB19 DBB125 MMC1_Z_INFO
Request from online HMI to PLC or vice-versa. The meaning of the signal is de‐
pendent on MMC1_STATUS
DISC_FOC (9) Control unit switches operating focus to another NCU.
OK (10) Positive acknowledgement
CONNECT (11) Control unit has gone online on this NCU.
PLC_LOCKED (14) The control unit switchover disable is set in the HMI-PLC interface. Control unit
cannot go offline from this NCU or change operating focus.
PRIO_H (15) Control units with a higher priority are operating on this NCU. Requesting control
unit cannot go online to this NCU
Extended Functions
Bit signals
DB19 MMC1_SHIFT_LOCK
DBX 126.0 Disable/enable control unit switchover
Data Block
Signal state 1 or Control unit switchover or change in operating focus is disabled.
edge change The current control unit-NCU constellation remains unchanged.
0→1
Signal state 0 or Control unit switchover or change in operating focus is enabled
edge change
1→0
DB19 MMC1_MSTT_SHIFT_LOCK
DBX 126.1 Disable/enable MCP switchover
Data Block
Signal state 1 or MCP switchover is disabled.
edge change The current MCP-NCU constellation remains unchanged.
0→1
Signal state 0 or MCP switchover is enabled
edge change
1→0
DB19 MMC1_ACTIVE_REQ
DBX 126.2 Control unit 1 requests active operating mode
Data Block
Signal state 1 or HMI to PLC: passive control unit 1 requests active operating mode
edge change
0→1
Signal state 0 or PLC to HMI: Request received
edge change
1→0
DB19 MMC1_ACTIVE_PERM
DBX 126.3 Active/passive operating mode
Data Block
Signal state 1 or PLC to HMI:
edge change passive operator unit 1 can change to active operating mode
0→1
Signal state 0 or PLC to HMI:
edge change active operator panel must change to passive operating mode
1→0
Extended Functions
DB19 MMC1_ACTIVE_CHANGED
DBX 126.4 Active/passive operating mode of HMI
Data Block
Signal state 1 or HMI to PLC:
edge change Control unit has completed changeover from passive to active mode
0→1
Signal state 0 or HMI to PLC:
edge change Control unit has completed changeover from active to passive mode
1→0
DB19 MMC1_CHANGE_DENIED
DBX126.5 Operating mode changeover rejected
Data Block
Signal state 1 or HMI to PLC or PLC to HMI depending on status of interface:
edge change Operating mode cannot be changed due to uninterruptible processes on active control unit.
0→1
Signal state 0 or HMI to PLC or PLC to HMI depending on status of interface:
edge change Acknowledgement on MMC1_CHANGE_DENIED (FALSE → TRUE)
1→0
2. HMI/PLC online interface

The signals of the 2nd HMI/PLC online interface are analogous in meaning to the signals of
the 1st HMI/PLC online interface (MMC2_ ... replaces MMC1_...)..
Sign-of-life monitoring HMI

After a control unit has gone online to an NCU, the HMI sign of life is set in the interface.
(E_BTSSReady, E_MMCMPI_Ready, E_MMC2Ready)
The signals are automatically set by the HMI when the control unit goes online and stay set
for as long as it remains online.
They are provided separately for each HMI/PLC interface and used by the PLC to monitor the
HMI sign of life.
First HMI/PLC online interface
A distinction between an control unit link via the OPI (1.5 Mbaud) or the MPI (187.5 kbaud) is
made on this interface.
The signal corresponding to the bus type is set while the control unit is online.
DB10 DBX104.0 MCP1 ready

FALSE MCP1 is not ready
TRUE MCP1 is ready
DB10 DBX104.1 MCP2 ready
Extended Functions
FALSE MCP2 is not ready

TRUE MCP2 is ready
DB10 DBX104.2 HHU ready
FALSE HHU is not ready
TRUE HHU is ready
DB10 DBX108.3 E_MMCBTSSReady
FALSE No control unit online to OPI
TRUE Control unit online to OPI
DB10 DBX108.2 E_MMCMPIReady
FALSE No control unit online to MPI
TRUE Control unit online to MPI
Second HMI/PLC online interface

This interface utilizes a group signal for both bus types. No distinction is made between OPI
and MPI.
DB10 DBX108.1 E_MMC2Ready

FALSE no control unit online to OPI or MPI
TRUE Control unit online to OPI or MPI
The sign-of-life monitor is switched on by the PLC as soon as a control unit has gone online
to its interface and switched off again when it goes offline.
Sign-of-life monitoring will be enabled:
as soon as control unit or HMI logs on online to its HMI/PLC interface with S_ACT/CONNECT.
Sign-of-life monitoring will be disabled:
as soon as control unit goes offline.
1. HMI wants to switchover and log off from PLC with OFFL_REQ_OP/OK
2. PLC acknowledges to HMI with OFFL_CONF_OP/OK
3. Control unit or HMI will be displaced by PLC with OFFL_REQ_PLC/OK
HMI acknowledges to PLC with OFFL_CONF_PLC/OK
In both instances the PLC detects that a control unit is going offline and waits for the TRUE-
FALSE edge of its HMI sign-of-life signal.
The PLC then ceases to monitor the sign-of-life signal.
DB10
DBX107.6 NCU link active
Edge evaluation: Signal(s) updated:
Signal state 1 or edge NCU link communication is active.
change 0 → 1
Signal state 0 or edge No NCU link communication is active.
change 1 → 0
Extended Functions
DB10
DBX107.6 NCU link active
Signal irrelevant for ... System with an NCU.
References Device Manual, NCU 7x0.3 PN
19.2.4 Signals from axis/spindle (DB31, ...)
DB31, ...
DBX60.1 NCU link axis active
Signal state 1 or edge Axis is active as NCU link axis.
change 0 → 1
Signal state 0 or edge Axis is used as a local axis.
change 1 → 0
Signal irrelevant for ... System with an NCU.
Additional references NCU 7x0.3 PN Manual
DB31, ...
DBX61.2 Axis ready
Meaning The signal is routed on the NCU in the NCU link group to which the axis is physically connected.
Signal state 1 or edge Axis is ready.
change 0 → 1
Signal state 0 or edge Axis is not ready.
change 1 → 0 This status will be set when the channel, the operating modes group or the NCK have generated
the alarm "not ready".
DB31, ...
DBX62.7 Axis container rotation active
Signal state 1 or edge An axis container rotation is active for the axis.
change 0 → 1
Signal state 0 or edge An axis container rotation is not active for the axis.
change 1 → 0
Extended Functions
19.3 Manual and Handwheel Travel (H1)
DB10
DBB97, 98, 99 Channel number geometry axis for handwheel 1, 2, 3
Significance of signal The operator can assign an axis to the handwheel (1, 2, 3) directly on the operator panel front. If this
axis is a geometry axis (IS "Machine axis" = 0), the assigned channel number for the handwheel in
question is transferred to the PLC.
In this way, the IS "Activate handwheel" is set for the selected geometry axis in accordance with the
state set by the operator (IS "Handwheel selected").
The following codes apply to the channel number:
Bit Channel number
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2
With machine axes (IS "Machine axis" = 1), the IS "Channel number geometry axis for handwheel
1, 2, 3" has no meaning.
For further information, see IS "Axis number for handwheel 1, 2, 3".
Corresponding to .... DB10 DBB100 ff (axis number for handwheel 1, 2, 3)
DB10 DBX100.6 ff (handwheel selected)
DB10 DBX100.7 ff (machine axis)
DB21, ... DBX12.0 - 12.2 ff (activate handwheel)
Application exam‐ If DB10 DBB97 = 2, then handwheel 1 is assigned to channel 2.
ple(s)
Extended Functions
DB10
DBB100, 101, 102
Bit 0 - 4 Axis number for handwheel 1, 2 or 3
Edge evaluation: no Signal(s) updated: Cyclic
Significance of signal The operator can assign an axis to every handwheel directly via the operator panel front. To do so,
he defines the required axis (e.g. X). The basic PLC program provides the number of the axis plus
the information "machine axis or geometry axis" (IS "machine axis") as HMI interface signals. The
basic PLC program sets the interface signal "Activate handwheel" for the defined axis. Depending
on the setting in the HMI interface signal "machine axis", either the interface for the geometry axis
or for the machine axis is used.
The following must be noted when assigning the axis designation to the axis number:
NST "machine axis" = 1; e.g. machine axis:
The assignment is done via the machine data:
MD10000 $MN_AXCONF_MACHAX_NAME_TAB[n] (machine axis name).
NST "machine axis" = 0; e.g. geometry axis:
The assignment is done via the machine data:
MD20060 $MC_AXCONF_GEOAX_NAME_TAB[n] (geometry axis name in channel)
With the NST "Channel number geometry axis handwheel n" the channel number assigned to the
handwheel is defined.
For following codes are used for the axis number:
Bit Axis number
4 3 2 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 –
0 0 0 0 1 1
0 0 0 1 0 2
0 0 0 1 1 3
0 0 1 0 0 4
0 0 1 0 1 5
0 0 1 1 0 6
0 0 1 1 1 7
0 1 0 0 0 8
Corresponding to .... DB10 DBX97 ff (Channel number geometry axis handwheel n)
DB10 DBX100.6 ff (handwheel selected)
DB21, ... DBX12.0 to DBX12.2 ff (activate handwheel)
DB31, ... DBX4.0 to DBX4.2 (activate handwheel)
MD10000 $MN_AXCONF_MACHAX_NAME_TAB [n] (machine axis name)
MD20060 $MC_AXCONF_GEOAX_NAME_TAB [n] (geometry axis in the channel)
Extended Functions
DB10
DBX100.6, 101.6,
102.6 Handwheel selected (for handwheel 1, 2 or 3)
Signal state 1 or edge The operator has selected the handwheel for the defined axis via the operator panel front (i.e. acti‐
change 0 → 1 vated). This information is made available by the basic PLC program at the HMI interface.
The basic PLC program sets the interface signal:
DB21, ... DBX12.0-12.2 ff (Activate handwheel)
for the defined axis to "1".
The associated axis is also displayed at the HMI interface:
and
DB10 DBB100 ff (axis number for handwheel 1).
As soon as the handwheel is active, the axis can be traversed in JOG mode with the handwheel
(DB21, ... DBX40.0-40.2 ff (Handwheel active).
Signal state 0 or edge The operator has disabled the handwheel for the defined axis via the operator panel front. This
change 1 → 0 information is made available by the basic PLC program at the HMI interface.
The basic PLC program can set the interface signal:
DB21, ... DBX12.0-12.2 ff (Activate handwheel)
for the defined axis to "0".
Corresponding to .... DB10 DBB100 ff (axis number)
DB21, ... DBX12.0-12.2 ff (activate handwheel)
DB21, ... DBX40.0 - DBX40.2 ff (handwheel active)
DB31, ... DBX4.0 - DBX4.2 (activate handwheel)
DB10 DBB97 ff (channel number geometry axis for handwheel 1, 2 or 3)
DB10
DBX100.7, 101.7,
102.7 Machine axis (for handwheel 1, 2 or 3)
Signal state 1 or edge The operator has assigned an axis to the handwheel (1, 2, 3) directly on the operator panel front.
change 0 → 1 This axis is a machine axis.
For further information see IS "Axis number".
Signal state 0 or edge The operator has assigned an axis to the handwheel (1, 2, 3) directly on the operator panel front.
change 1 → 0 This axis is a geometry axis.
For further information see IS "Axis number".
Corresponding DB10 DBB100 ff (axis number)
to .... DB10 DBX100.6 ff (handwheel selected)
DB10 DBB97 ff (channel number geometry axis for handwheel 1, 2 or 3)
Extended Functions
19.3.2 Signals to channel (DB21, ...)
Overview of signals to channel (to NCK)
DB21, ...
DBX0.3 Activate DRF
Edge evaluation: No Signal(s) updated: Cyclically
Signal state 1 Request to activate the DRF function.
With the DRF function, the DRF offset can be changed in the AUTOMATIC and MDI modes using a
handwheel.
Signal state 0 No request of the DRF function.
Signal irrelevant for ... JOG mode
Corresponding to ... DB21, ... DBX24.3 (DRF selected)
DB21, ...
DBX12.0-2,
DBX16.0-2, Handwheel assignment for geometry axis (1, 2, 3)
DBX20.0-2
Signal state <> 0 Request for activation of the appropriate geometry axis handwheel.
The interface can be interpreted either bit or binary-coded. The selection is defined using machine
data:
Bit-coded: Maximum of three handwheels
Note
At any one time, the axis can only be assigned to one handwheel. If several interface signals are set
simultaneously, then the following priority applies: "Handwheel 1" before "handwheel 2" before
"handwheel 3"
Number of the assigned handwheel Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
1 0 0 1
2 0 1 0
3 1 0 0
Binary-coded: Maximum of six handwheels
1 0 0 1
2 0 1 0
3 0 1 1
4 1 0 0
5 1 0 1
6 1 1 0
Signal state 0 No request for activation of a handwheel.
Corresponding to ... DB21, ... DBX40.6-7 ff (handwheel active for geometry axis)
Extended Functions
DB21, ...
DBX12.4,
DBX16.4,
DBX20.4 Traversing key disable for geometry axis (1, 2, 3)
Signal state 1 A traversing request using the "Plus" and "Minus" traversing keys is ignored for the geometry axis.
If the traversing key disable is activated while traversing, then traversing is canceled.
Signal state 0 The plus and minus traversing keys are enabled.
Application exam‐ It is thus possible, depending on the operating mode, to disable manual traversing of the geometry
ple(s) axis in JOG mode with the traversing keys from the PLC user program.
Corresponding to ... DB21, ... DBX12.6-7 ff (traversing key plus or traversing key minus for geometry axis)
DB21, ...
DBX12.5,
DBX16.5,
DBX20.5 Rapid traverse override for geometry axis (1, 2, 3)
Signal state 1 Moves the axis due to a traversing request:
● DB21, ... DBX12.7 == 1 (traversing key plus)
● DB21, ... DBX12.6 == 1 (traversing key minus)
when the interface signal is set, the geometry axis is moved with rapid traverse.
The rapid traverse feedrate is defined in machine data:
MD32010 $MA_JOG_VELO_RAPID (conventional rapid traverse)
The rapid traverse override is effective in JOG mode for:
● Continuous travel
● Incremental travel (INC1, INC10, ...)
The rapid traverse velocity can be influenced using the rapid traverse override switch.
Signal state 0 The geometry axis traverses with the defined JOG velocity:
SD41110 $SN_JOG_SET_VELO (axis velocity with JOG)
or
MD32020 $MA_JOG_VELO (conventional axis velocity).
Signal irrelevant for ... ● Operating modes AUTOMATIC and MDI
● Reference point approach (JOG mode)
Corresponding to ... DB21, ... DBX12.6-7 ff (traversing key plus and traversing key minus for geometry axis)
Further references Function Manual, Basic Function; Feedrates (V1)
Extended Functions
DB21, ...
DBX12.6-7,
DBX16.6-7,
DBX20.6-7 Plus and minus traversing keys for geometry axis (1, 2, 3)
Signal state 1 The selected geometry axis can be traversed in both directions in JOG mode with the traversing keys
plus and minus.
Depending on the active machine function as well as the setting "JOG or Continuous mode":
SD41050 $SN_JOG_CONT_MODE_LEVELTRIGGRD (JOG/Cont. mode continuous with JOG)
and
MD11300 $MN_JOG_INC_MODE_LEVELTRIGGRD (INC and REF in JOG mode)
different reactions are triggered on a signal change.
1. Continuous traversing with JOG mode
The geometry axis traverses in the direction concerned as long as the interface signal
is set to 1 (and as long as the axis position has not reached an activated limitation).
2. Continuous traversing with Continuous mode
On the first edge change 0 →1, the geometry axis starts to traverse in the relevant direction. This
traversing movement still continues when the edge changes from 1 → 0. Any new edge change
0 →1 (same traversing direction!) stops the traversing movement.
3. Incremental traversing with JOG mode
With signal 1 the geometry axis starts to traverse at the set increment. If the signal changes to
the 0 state before the increment is traversed, the traversing movement is interrupted. When the
signal state changes to 1 again, the movement is continued. The geometry axis can be stopped
and started several times as described above until it has traversed the complete increment.
4. Incremental traversing with Continuous mode
On the first edge change 0 → 1 the geometry axis starts to traverse at the set increment. If another
edge change 0 → 1 is performed with the same traverse signal before the geometry axis has
traversed the increment, the traversing movement will be cancelled. The increment traversing
will then not be completed.
Note
● If both traversing signals (plus and minus) are set at the same time there is no traversing or the
current traversing is aborted.
● In contrast to machine axes, for geometry axes, only one geometry axis can be traversed at any
one time using the traversing keys.
● Traversing by means of the traversing keys can be locked via DBX12.4 = 1 ff. (traversing key
disable).
Signal state 0 See cases 1 to 4 above.
Signal irrelevant for ... Operating modes AUTOMATIC and MDI
Special cases, The geometry axis cannot be traversed in JOG mode:
errors, .... ● If it is already being traversed via the axial PLC interface (as a machine axis).
● If another geometry axis is already being traversed with the traversing keys.
Alarm 20062 "Axis already active" is output.
Corresponding to ... DB31, ... DBX8.7 or DBX8.6 (traversing keys plus and minus for machine axes)
DB21, ... DBX12.4 ff (traversing key disable for geometry axes)
Extended Functions
DB21, ...
DBX13.0-5,
DBX17.0-5,
DBX21.0-5 Request for incremental machine function for geometry axis (1, 2, 3)
Signal state 1 Request for a machine function for incremental traversing of the geometry axis in JOG mode:
● Bit 0 = INC1
● Bit 1 = INC10
● Bit 2 = INC100
● Bit 3 = INC1000
● Bit 4 = INC10000
● Bit 5 = INCvar
An increment corresponds to an actuation of one of the "plus" and "minus" traversing keys, or a detent
position of the active handwheel. Specification of the increment sizes via:
● INC1 to INC10000:
MD11330 $MN_JOG_INCR_SIZE_TAB (increment size for INC/handwheel)
● INCvar:
Note
If several requests are set simultaneously, no machine function becomes active.
Signal state 0 No machine function is requested.
If a geometry axis is currently being traversed via a machine function, the movement is aborted
through deselection or change of the machine function.
Corresponding to ... DB21, ... DBB41 ff (active machine function INC1,...) for geometry axes
DB21, ... DBX13 ff (machine function continuous) for geometry axes
DB21, ...
DBX13.6,
DBX17.6,
DBX21.6 Request for continuous machine function for geometry axis (1, 2, 3)
Signal state 1 The machine function for continuous traversing of the geometry axis in JOG mode with the traversing
keys "Plus" and "Minus" is requested.
Signal state 0 Machine function "Continuous traversing" is not requested.
Corresponding to ... DB21, ... DBB41.6 ff (active continuous machine function)
DB21, ...
DBX15.0,
DBX 19.0,
DBX 23.0 Handwheel direction of rotation inversion for geometry axis (1, 2, 3)
Signal state 1 Request to invert the handwheel direction of rotation.
It is only permissible to change the interface signal when the geometry axis is at a standstill.
Extended Functions
DB21, ...
DBX15.0,
DBX 19.0,
DBX 23.0 Handwheel direction of rotation inversion for geometry axis (1, 2, 3)
Signal state 0 The handwheel direction of rotation to which geometry axis 1, 2 or 3 is assigned, is not inverted.
Application exam‐ ● The handwheel direction of movement does not match the expected direction of the axis.
ple(s) ● A handwheel (HT2, HT8) has been assigned to various axes.
Corresponding to ... DB21, ... DBX43.0, 49.0, 55.0 (handwheel direction of rotation inversion active for geometry axis 1,
2, 3)
DB21, ...
DBX30.0-2 Activate contour handwheel
Signal state 1 Request for activation of the corresponding handwheel for the "Contour handwheel / path specifica‐
tion with handwheel" function.
The interface can be interpreted either bit or binary-coded. The specification is performed via:
Note
"handwheel 3"
1 0 0 1
2 0 1 0
3 1 0 0
1 0 0 1
2 0 1 0
3 0 1 1
4 1 0 0
5 1 0 1
6 1 1 0
Corresponding to ... DB21, ... DBX37.0-2 (contour handwheel active)
Extended Functions
DB21, ...
DBX320.0-2,
DBX324.0-2, Activate handwheel for orientation axis (1, 2, 3)
DBX328.0-2
Signal state 1 Request for activation of the corresponding handwheel for the orientation axis.
Note
"handwheel 3"
1 0 0 1
2 0 1 0
3 1 0 0
1 0 0 1
2 0 1 0
3 0 1 1
4 1 0 0
5 1 0 1
6 1 1 0
Corresponding to ... DB21, ... DBX332.Bit 0-2 ff. (handwheel active for orientation axis (1, 2, 3))
DB21, ...
DBX323.0,
DBX327.0, Handwheel direction of rotation inversion for orientation axis (1, 2, 3)
DBX331.0
Signal state 1 Request for inversion of the handwheel direction of rotation assigned to orientation axis 1, 2 or 3.
Note
It is only permissible to change the inversion signal at standstill.
Signal state 0 Inversion has not been requested.
Application exam‐ ● The handwheel direction of rotation should match the axis direction of motion.
ple(s) ● A handwheel is assigned to several axes with different orientations.
Corresponding to ... DB21, ... DBX335.0 ff. (handwheel direction of rotation inversion active for orientation axis 1, 2, 3)
Extended Functions
19.3.3 Signals from channel (DB21, ...)
Description of signals from channel to PLC
DB21, ...
DBX24.3 DRF selected
Signal state 1 The DRF function is active.
Signal state 0 The DRF function is not active.
Signal irrelevant for ... JOG mode
Corresponding to ... DB21, ... DBX0.3 (activate DRF)
DB21, ...
DBX33.3 Handwheel override active
Signal state 1 The function "Handwheel override in Automatic mode" is active for the programmed path axes. The
handwheel pulses of the 1st geometry axis function as a velocity override on the programmed path
feedrate.
In the following cases, the override is inactive:
● The path axes have reached the programmed target position
● The distance-to-go has been deleted: DB21, ... DBX6.2 == 1 (delete distance-to-go)
● RESET was initiated
Signal state 0 The "Handwheel override in Automatic mode" function is not active.
Extended Functions
DB21, ...
DBX37.0-2 Contour handwheel active
Signal state 1 Feedback signal indicating which handwheel is active for the "Contour handwheel/path input using
handwheel".
Note
"handwheel 3"
1 0 0 1
2 0 1 0
3 1 0 0
1 0 0 1
2 0 1 0
3 0 1 1
4 1 0 0
5 1 0 1
6 1 1 0
Signal state 0 The "Contour handwheel/path input using handwheel" is not assigned to a handwheel.
Corresponding to ... DB21, ... DBX30.0-2 (handwheel assignment for contour handwheel)
Extended Functions
DB21, ...
DBX40.0-2,
DBX46.0-2, Handwheel active for geometry axis (1, 2, 3)
DBX52.0-2
Signal state 1 Feedback signal indicating which handwheel is active for the geometry axis.
Note
"handwheel 3"
1 0 0 1
2 0 1 0
3 1 0 0
1 0 0 1
2 0 1 0
3 0 1 1
4 1 0 0
5 1 0 1
6 1 1 0
Signal state 0 None is active for the geometry axis.
Corresponding to ... DB21, ... DBX12.0-2 ff (activate handwheel)
DB21, ...
DBX40.4-5,
DBX46.4-5,
DBX52.4-5 Plus or minus traversing request for geometry axis (1, 2, 3)
Signal state 1 A traversing request is available for the geometry axis for the corresponding traversing direction.
● Bit 4 = minus traversing request
● Bit 5 = plus traversing request
Operating modes:
● JOG mode:
Plus or minus traversing key
● REF mode:
Traversing key that initiates a traversing movement in the direction of the reference point.
● AUTOMATIC/MDI modes:
A program block with a traversing operation is executed for a geometry axis.
Extended Functions
DB21, ...
DBX40.4-5,
DBX46.4-5,
DBX52.4-5 Plus or minus traversing request for geometry axis (1, 2, 3)
Signal state 0 There is no traversing request available for the geometry axis.
Corresponding to ... DB21, ... DBX40.7 or DBX40.6
DB21, ... DBX46.7 or DBX46.6
DB21, ... DBX52.7 and/or DBX52.6 (traversing command plus and minus)
DB21, ...
DBX40.7-6,
DBX46.7-6, Traversing command plus and minus for geometry axis (1, 2, 3)
DBX52.7-6
Description The output of the drive commands depends on:
MD17900 $MN_VDI_FUNCTION_MASK, bit 0
Bit 0 Meaning
0 The drive commands are already output when a traversing request is active.
1 The drive commands are only output when the axis traverses.
Signal state 1 Request to traverse the geometry axis in the corresponding direction.
● Bit 6 = minus drive command
● Bit 7 = plus drive command
The response to a drive command depends on the current operating mode:
● JOG mode:
Traverse the axis in the traversing direction plus or minus.
● REF mode:
Traverse the axis only in the direction of the reference point.
● AUTOMATIC/MDI mode:
A block containing a position for the axis is executed.
Signal state 0 There is no traversing request available for the geometry axis.
Application exam‐ Releasing the axis clamp when the traversing command is identified.
ple(s) Note
For axes on which the clamping is not released until a drive command is detected, continuous-path
mode (G64) is not possible.
Corresponding to ... DB21, ... DBX12.7 or DBX12.6 ff (traversing key plus and minus for geometry axis)
DB21, ... DBX 40, 46, 52 Bit 5 (traversing request plus/minus)
Extended Functions
DB21, ...
DBX41.0-6,
DBX47.0-6, Active machine functions for geometry axis (1, 2, 3)
DBX53.0-6 INC1, INC10, INC100, INC1000, INC10000, INCvar, continuous

Signal state 1 The corresponding machine function is active.
● Bit 0 = 1 INC
● Bit 1 = 10 INC
● Bit 2 = 100 INC
● Bit 3 = 1000 INC
● Bit 4 = 10000 INC
● Bit 5 = Var. INC
● Bit 6 = continuous
The reaction to actuation of the traversing key or rotation of the handwheel varies, depending on
which machine function is active.
Signal state 0 The machine function in question is not active.
Corresponding to ... DB21, ... DBB13 bit 0-5 ff (machine function INC1, ... for geometry axis)
DB21, ... DBB13 bit 6 ff (machine function continuous for geometry axis)
DB21, ...
DBX43.0, 49.0, 55.0 Handwheel direction of rotation inversion active for geometry axis (1, 2, 3)
Signal state 1 The inversion of the handwheel direction of rotation is active for the geometry axis.
Signal state 0 The inversion of the handwheel direction of rotation is not active for the geometry axis.
Corresponding to ... DB31, ... DBX15.0, DBX19.0, DBX23.0.(invert handwheel direction of rotation for geometry axis)
Extended Functions
DB21, ...
DBX332.0-2,
DBX336.0-2, Handwheel active for orientation axis (1, 2, 3)
DBX340.0-2
Signal state 1 Feedback signal indicating which handwheel is active for the orientation axis.
Note
"handwheel 3"
1 0 0 1
2 0 1 0
3 1 0 0
1 0 0 1
2 0 1 0
3 0 1 1
4 1 0 0
5 1 0 1
6 1 1 0
Signal state 0 A handwheel is not active for the orientation axis.
Corresponding to ... DB21, ... DBX332.0-2 ff (activate handwheel)
DB21, ...
DBX332.4-5,
DBX336.4-5, Plus and minus traversing request for orientation axis (1, 2, 3)
DBX340.4-5
The signal is the same as the previous traversing command signal.
Signal state 1 ● JOG mode:
With the plus or minus traversing key.
● REF mode:
With the traversing key that takes the axis to the reference point.
A program block containing a coordinate value for the axis in question is executed.
Extended Functions
DB21, ...
DBX332.4-5,
DBX336.4-5, Plus and minus traversing request for orientation axis (1, 2, 3)
DBX340.4-5
Signal state 0 A traversing command in the relevant axis direction has not been given or a traversing movement
has been completed.
● JOG mode:
The traversing command is reset depending on the current setting "JOG or Continuous mode"
(see DBX12.7 or DBX12.6 ff.
While traversing with the handwheel.
● REF mode:
When the reference point is reached.
The program block has been executed (and the next block does not contain any coordinate values
for the axis in question).
Cancel by "RESET", etc.
interface signal DB21, … DBX25.7 (axis disabled) is active.
Corresponding to ... DB31, ... DBX332.7 or DBX332.6
DB31, ... DBX336.7 or DBX336.6
DB31, ... DBX340.7 and/or DBX340.6 (traversing command plus and minus)
DB21, ...
DBX332.6-7,
DBX336.6-7,
DBX340.6-7 Traversing command plus and minus for orientation axis (1, 2, 3)

The interface signal behaves differently depending on following machine data setting:
● MD17900 $MN_VDI_FUNCTION_MASK, bit 0 == 0
Behavior corresponding to the following description:
● MD17900 $MN_VDI_FUNCTION_MASK, bit 0 == 1
Signal state 1: Only if the geometry axis actually traverses.
The interface signal
DB21, ... DBX 332, 336, 340 Bit 5, 4 (traversing request plus/minus)
which is always output, has the same effect as signal traversing command plus/minus with MD17900, bit 0 = 0.
Signal state 1 A traverse movement of the axis is to be executed in one or the other direction. Depending on the
mode selected, the command is triggered in different ways:
● JOG mode:
With the plus or minus traversing key.
● REF mode:
With the traversing key that takes the axis to the reference point.
Extended Functions
DB21, ...
DBX332.6-7,
DBX336.6-7,
DBX340.6-7 Traversing command plus and minus for orientation axis (1, 2, 3)
Signal state 0 A traversing command in the relevant axis direction has not been given or a traversing movement
has been completed.
● JOG mode:
The traversing command is reset depending on the current setting "JOG or Continuous mode"
(see DB21, ... DBX12.7 or DBX12.6 ff).
● REF mode:
interface signal DB21, … DBX25.7 (axes disable) is active.
Application exam‐ To release clamping of axes with clamping (e.g. on a rotary table).
ple(s) Note:
If the clamping is not released until the traversing command is given, these axes cannot be operated
under continuous path control!
Corresponding to ... DB21, ... DBX12.7 and/or DBX12.6 ff
(traversing key plus and minus for geometry axis)
DB21, ... DBX 332, 336, 340 Bit 5, 4 (traversing request plus/minus)
DB21, ...
DBX377.4 JOG retract active
Signal state 1 JOG retract has been selected and is active.
Signal state 0 JOG retract has not been selected.
Corresponding to ... DB21, ... DBX377.5 (JOG retract: Retraction data available)
DB21, ...
DBX377.5 Retraction data available
Signal state 1 JOG retract: Retraction data is available for traversing in the tool direction. JOG retract can be se‐
lected (user interface or PI service "RETRAC").
Signal state 0 JOG retract: Retraction data is not available for traversing in the tool direction. JOG retract cannot
be selected
Corresponding to ... DB21, ... DBX377.4 (JOG retract active)
Extended Functions
19.3.4 Signals with contour handwheel
Overview of interface signals for contour handwheel
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Description of interface signals for contour handwheel
DB10
DBX100.5 Define handwheel 1 as contour handwheel
Description These signals show which handwheel is defined as contour handwheel via the HMI:
Signal = 1 Handwheel x is defined as contour handwheel via the HMI.
Signal = 0 Handwheel x is not defined as contour handwheel.
In order for the handwheel defined via HMI to become effective as contour handwheel, the corre‐
sponding signal has to be combined on interface signal:
DB21, ... DBX30.0, 30.1, 30.2 (activate handwheel x as contour handwheel)
.
Special cases, Depending on the settings of parameter HWheelMMC in FB1 of the basic PLC program, these signals
errors, ... are either supplied by the basic program or must be supplied by the PLC user program.
Corresponding to ... DB21 ... DBX30.0, 30.1, 30.2 (activate handwheel x as contour handwheel)
FB1 parameters HWheelMMC
Extended Functions
DB21, ...
DBX30.0 Activate handwheel 1 as contour handwheel;
DBX30.1 Activate handwheel 2 as contour handwheel;
DBX30.2 Activate handwheel 3 as contour handwheel
Description One of the three handwheels can be selected/deselected as contour handwheel via these signals:
Signal = 1 Handwheel x is selected as contour handwheel
Signal = 0 Handwheel x is deselected as contour handwheel
Enabling/disabling of the contour handwheel can be performed in the middle of a block.
Upon enabling, the movement is first decelerated and then traversed according to the contour hand‐
wheel.
Upon disabling, the movement is decelerated and the NC program is continued immediately. If the
NC program is to be continued only after a new NC Start, then deactivation of the contour handwheel
in the PLC user program must be combined with an NC Stop.
Special cases, The signal is kept beyond an NC Reset.
errors, ...
Corresponding to ... DB21, ... DBX37.0, 37.1, 37.2 (handwheel x active as contour handwheel)
DB21, ...
DBX30.3 Simulation contour handwheel on
DBX30.4 Negative direction simulation contour handwheel
Description For enabling/disabling simulation of the contour handwheel, and for definition of the traversing direc‐
tion, these signals have to be set as follows:
Bit 3 Bit 4 Meaning
0 0 Simulation off
0 1 Simulation off
1 0 Simulation On, direction as programmed
1 1 Simulation On, direction opposite programmed direction
During simulation, the feedrate is no longer defined by the contour handwheel, but traversing occurs
with the programmed feedrate on the contour.
When the function is deselected, the current movement is decelerated by the braking ramp.
When the traversing direction is switched, the current movement is decelerated by the braking ramp,
and traversing occurs in the opposite direction.
Special cases, Simulation is only effective in AUTOMATIC mode and can only be activated when the contour hand‐
errors, ... wheel is activated.
DB21, ...
DBX31.5 Invert handwheel direction of rotation for contour handwheel
Description You can invert the direction of rotation of a contour handwheel by setting this PLC interface signal.
Application exam‐ ● The direction of movement of the handwheel does not match the expected direction of the axis.
ple(s) ● A handwheel (HT2, HT8) has been assigned to various axes.
Extended Functions
DB21, ...
DBX31.5 Invert handwheel direction of rotation for contour handwheel
Special cases, It is only permissible to change the inversion signal at standstill.
errors, ...
Corresponding to ... DB31, ... DBX39.5 (handwheel direction of rotation inversion active for contour handwheel)
DB21, ...
DBX37.0 Handwheel 1 active as contour handwheel
Description These signals show which handwheel is selected as contour handwheel:
Signal = 1 Handwheel x is selected as contour handwheel.
Signal = 0 Handwheel x is deselected as contour handwheel.
Special cases, The signal is kept beyond an NC Reset.
errors, ...
Corresponding to ... DB21, ... DBX30.0, 30.1, 30.2 (handwheel x active as contour handwheel)
DB21, ...
DBX39.5 Handwheel direction of rotation inversion active for contour handwheel
Description This signal indicates whether the direction of rotation was inverted for the contour handwheel:
Signal = 1 The direction of rotation of the contour handwheel is inverted.
Signal = 0 The direction of rotation of the contour handwheel is not inverted.
Corresponding to ... DB31, ... DBX31.5 (invert handwheel direction of rotation for the contour handwheel)
19.3.5 Signals to axis/spindle (DB31, ...)
Description of signals to axis/spindle
DB31, ...
DBB4
Bit 0-2 Activate handwheel (1 to 3)
Signal state 1 or edge This PLC interface signal defines whether this machine axis is assigned to handwheel 1, 2, 3 or no
change 0 → 1 handwheel.
Only one handwheel can be assigned to an axis at any one time.
If several interface signals:
DB31, ... DBX4.0, 4.1, 4.2 (Activate handwheel)
are set, priority "Handwheel 1" before "Handwheel 2" before "Handwheel 3" applies.
If the assignment is active, the machine axis can be traversed with the handwheel in JOG mode or
a DRF offset can be generated in AUTOMATIC or MDA mode.
Signal state 0 or edge Neither handwheel 1, 2 nor 3 is assigned to this geometry axis.
change 1 → 0
Extended Functions
DB31, ...
DBB4
Bit 0-2 Activate handwheel (1 to 3)
Application exam‐ The PLC user program can use this interface signal to disable the influence of turning the handwheel
ple(s) on the axis.
Corresponding to ... DB31, ... DBX64.0 to DBX64.2 (Handwheel active)
DB31, ...
DBX4.4 Traversing key lock
Signal state 1 or edge The traverse keys plus and minus have no effect on the machine axes in question. It is thus not
change 0 → 1 possible to traverse the machine axis in JOG with the traverse keys on the machine control panel.
If the traverse key disable is activated during a traverse movement, the machine axis is stopped.
Signal state 0 or edge The plus and minus traverse keys are enabled.
change 1 → 0
Application exam‐ It is thus possible, depending on the operating mode, to disable manual traverse of the machine axis
ple(s) in JOG mode with the traverse keys from the PLC user program.
Corresponding to ... DB31, ... DBX4.7 and/or DBX4.6 (traversing key plus and traversing key minus)
DB31, ...
DBX4.5 Rapid traverse override
Signal state 1 or edge If together with interface signal:
change 0 → 1 DB31, ... DBX4.0, 4.1, 4.2 (traverse key plus or traverse key minus)
the PLC interface signal:
DB31, ... DBX4.5 (Rapid traverse override)
is sent, then the corresponding machine axis is operating with rapid traverse.
The rapid traverse feedrate is defined in machine data:
MD32010 $MA_JOG_VELO_RAPID (Conventional rapid traverse)
.
The rapid traverse override is effective in the JOG mode for the following versions:
● Continuous jogging
● Incremental jogging
If rapid traverse override is active, the velocity can be modified with the rapid traverse override switch.
Signal state 0 or edge The machine axis traverses with the defined JOG velocity:
change 1 → 0 SD41110 $SN_JOG_SET_VELO (Axis velocity with JOG)
or
MD32020 $MA_JOG_VELO (Conventional axis velocity).
Signal irrelevant for ... Operating modes AUTOMATIC and MDA
Reference point approach (JOG mode)
DB31, ... DBB0 (axial feed/spindle override)
Extended Functions
DB31, ...
DBB4
Bit 7, 6 Plus and minus traverse keys
Signal state 1 The selected machine axis can be traversed in both directions in JOG mode using the traversing
keys "plus" and "minus".
Depending on the active machine function, as well as the settings:
● JOG (continuous)
SD41050 $SN_JOG_CONT_MODE_LEVELTRIGGRD (jog/ continuous operation for JOG
continuous)
● JOG-INC (INC and REF in the jog mode)
MD11300 $MN_JOG_INC_MODE_LEVELTRIGGRD
for a signal change, different responses are initiated.
Case 1: Continuous traversal in jog mode
The machine axis traverses in the direction concerned as long as the interface signal
is set to 1 (and as long as the axis position has not reached an activated limitation).
Case 2:Continuous traversal in continuous mode
On the first edge change 0 →1 the machine axis starts to traverse in the relevant direction. This
traversing movement still continues when the edge changes from 1 → 0. Any new edge change 0 →1
(same traversing direction!) stops the traversing movement.
Case 3:Incremental traversal in jog mode
With signal 1 the machine axis starts to traverse at the set increment. If the signal changes to the 0
state before the increment is traversed, the traversing movement is interrupted. When the signal
state changes to 1 again, the movement is continued. The axis can be stopped and started several
times as described above until it has traversed the complete increment.
Case 4: Incremental traversal in continuous mode
On the first edge change 0 → 1 the machine axis starts to traverse at the set increment. If another
edge change 0 → 1 is performed with the same traverse signal before the axis has traversed the
increment, the traversing movement will be cancelled. The increment traversing will then not be
completed.
If both traverse signals (plus and minus) are set at the same time there is no movement or a current
movement is aborted.
The effect of the traverse keys can be disabled for every machine axis individually with the PLC
interface signal:
DB31, ... DBX4.4 (Traverse key disable)
.
Signal state 0 See cases 1 to 4 above.
Signal irrelevant for ... Operating modes AUTOMATIC and MDA
Application exam‐ The machine axis cannot be traversed in JOG mode if it is already being traversed via the channel-
ple(s) specific PLC interface (as a geometry axis).
Alarm 20062 is signaled.
Special cases, ... Indexing axes
Corresponding to ... DB21, ... DBX12.7, DBX12.6 ff (Traverse keys plus and minus for geometry axes)
DB31, ... DBX4.4 (traversing key disable)
Extended Functions
DB31, ...
DBB5
Bit 0-5 Machine function INC1, INC10, INC100, INC1000, INC10000, INCvar
Signal state 1 Request to activate a machine function for incremental traversing of the axis:
● Bit 0: INC1
● Bit 1: INC10
● Bit 2: INC100
● Bit 3: INC1000
● Bit 4: INC10000
● Bit 5: INCvar
One increment corresponds to actuating the traversing key or a detent position of the handwheel.
The size of an increment is defined in the following system data:
● INC1 to INC10000:
MD11330 $MN_JOG_INCR_SIZE_TAB (increment size for INC/handwheel)
● INCvar:
The feedback signal indicating that the machine function has been activated is realized via:
DB31, ... DBB65 (machine function INC1, ...)
Notice
If several bits are simultaneously set, then no machine function is active in the control.
Signal state 0 The corresponding machine function is not requested.
If the axis is presently traversing an increment, motion is canceled when the machine function is
either selected or changed over.
Corresponding to ... DB31, ... DBB65 (machine function INC1, ...)
DB31, ... DBX5.6 (Machine function continuous)
DB31, ...
DBX5.6 Continuous machine function
Signal state 1 The machine axis can be continuously traversed with the traversing keys "plus" and "minus" in the
JOG mode.
Signal state 0 The machine function "Continuous jogging" is not selected.
Corresponding to ... DB31, ... DBB65 (active machine function INC1, ..., continuous)
DB31, ... DBB5 (machine function INC1, ..., INC10000)
DB31, ...
DBX7.0 Invert handwheel direction of rotation (machine axes)
Signal state 1 The direction of rotation of the handwheel, which is assigned to the machine axes, is inverted.
It is only permissible to change the inversion signal at standstill.
Signal state 0 The handwheel direction of rotation is not inverted.
Extended Functions
DB31, ...
DBX7.0 Invert handwheel direction of rotation (machine axes)
Application exam‐ ● The direction of movement of the handwheel does not match the expected direction of the axis.
ple(s) ● The handwheel is assigned to different axes with different orientations.
Corresponding to ... DB31, ... DBX67.0 (handwheel direction of rotation inversion active for machine axes)
DB31, ...
DBB13
Bit 0-2 JOG - approach fixed point
Signal state 1 Activates the "approaching fixed point JOG" function.
The number of the fixed point to be approached is specified in bits 0-2 in binary code.
The selected machine axis can be traversed to the corresponding fixed point with the traverse keys
or the handwheel as soon as the function is active (see DB31, ... DBX75.0-2).
The fixed points are defined using the following machine data:
MD30600 $MA_FIX_POINT_POS[n]
Signal state 0 Deactivates the "approaching fixed point JOG" function.
Corresponding to ... DB31, ... DBX75.0-2 (JOG - Approach fixed point)
DB31, ... DBX75.3-5 (JOG - Approach fixed point)
MD30600 $MA_FIX_POINT_POS[n] (fixed value positions of the axis)
Description of signals from axis/spindle
DB31, ...
DBX62.1 Handwheel override active
Signal state 1 or edge The function "Handwheel override in AUTOMATIC mode" is active for the programmed positioning
change 0 → 1 axis (FDA[AXi]). Handwheel pulses for this axis affect the programmed axis feedrate either as path
definition (FDA=0) or as velocity override (FDA > 0).
The interface signal will also be set if "Handwheel override in automatic mode" is active with a con‐
current positioning axis with FC18 ( for 840D sl).
Signal state 0 or edge The function "Handwheel override in AUTOMATIC mode" is not active for the programmed position‐
change 1 → 0 ing axis (or concurrent positioning axis).
An active handwheel override is not active if:
● the positioning axis has reached the target position
● the distance-to-go is deleted by axis-specific interface signal
DB31, ... DBX2.2 (delete distance-to-go).
● a RESET is performed.
Extended Functions
DB31, ...
DBB64
Bit 0-2 Handwheel active (1 to 3)
Signal state 1 or edge These PLC interface signals provide feedback whether the machine axis is assigned to handwheel
change 0 → 1 1, 2, 3 or no handwheel.
Only one handwheel can be assigned to an axis at any one time.
If several interface signals:
DB31, ... DBX4.0 to DBX4.2 (Activate handwheel)
are set, priority "Handwheel 1" before "Handwheel 2" before "Handwheel 3" applies.
If the assignment is active, the machine axis can be traversed with the handwheel in JOG mode or
a DRF offset can be generated in AUTOMATIC or MDA mode.
Signal state 0 or edge Neither handwheel 1, 2 nor 3 is assigned to this geometry axis.
change 1 → 0
Corresponding to ... DB31, ... DBX4.0 to DBX4.2 (activate handwheel)
DB10 DBB100.6 ff (handwheel selected)
DB31, ...
DBB64
Bit 5, 4 Plus and minus traversing request
Signal state 1 or edge A traverse movement of the axis is to be executed in one or the other direction. Depending on the
change 0 → 1 mode selected, the command is triggered in different ways:
● JOG mode:
With the plus or minus traverse key.
● REF mode:
With the traverse key that takes the axis to the reference point.
● AUT/MDA mode:
Signal state 0 or edge A traversing command in the relevant axis direction has not been given or a traverse movement has
change 1 → 0 been completed.
● JOG mode:
The traversing command is reset depending on the current setting "jog or continuous mode" (see
interface signal DB31, ... DBX4.7 or DBX4.6).
● REF mode:
● AUT/MDA mode:
DB21, … DBX25.7 (axes disable) is active.
Extended Functions
DB31, ...
DBB64
Bit 5, 4 Plus and minus traversing request
ple(s) Note:
DB31, ... DBX64.7 and/or DBX64.6 (Traversing command plus and minus)
DB31, ...
DBB64
Bit 7, 6 Plus and minus traversing command
The signal has the effect as described, if Bit 0 in the machine data:
MD17900 $MN_VDI_FUNCTION_MASK (setting for VDI signals)
is set to 0.
If bit 0 in the MD is set to 1, then the signal changes to 1 only if the axis is actually moving.
The interface signal
DB31, ... DBX64 Bit 5, 4 (traversing request plus/minus)
, which is always output, has the same effect as signal traversing command plus/minus when MD17900 bit 0 = 0.
Signal state 1 or edge A traverse movement of the axis is to be executed in one or the other direction.
change 0 → 1 Depending on the mode selected, the command is triggered in different ways:
● JOG mode:
With the plus or minus traverse key.
● REF mode:
With the traverse key that takes the axis to the reference point.
● AUT/MDA mode:
Signal state 0 or edge A traversing command in the relevant axis direction has not been given or a traverse movement has
change 1 → 0 been completed.
● JOG mode:
The traversing command is reset depending on the current setting "jog or continuous mode"
(DB31, ... DBX4.7 and/or DBX4.6).
● REF mode:
● AUT/MDA mode:
DB21, … DBX25.7 (axes disable) is active.
ple(s) Note:
DB31, ... DBX64.5 and/or DBX.4 (Traversing request plus and minus)
Extended Functions
DB31, ...
DBB65
Bit 0-6 Active machine function INC1, ..., continuous
Signal state 1 or edge The PLC interface receives a signal stating which JOG mode machine function is active for the
change 0 → 1 machine axes.
The reaction to actuation of the traverse key or rotation of the handwheel varies, depending on which
machine function is active.
Signal state 0 or edge The machine function in question is not active.
change 1 → 0
Corresponding to ... DB31, ... DBB5 (machine function INC1, ..., continuous)
DB31, ...
DBX67.0 Invert handwheel direction of rotation active (machine axes)
Description For a handwheel, which is assigned to a machine axis, this signal indicates whether the direction of
rotation was inverted:
Signal = 1 The direction of rotation of the handwheel is inverted.
Signal = 0 The direction of rotation of the handwheel is not inverted.
Corresponding to ... DB31, ... DBX7.0 (invert handwheel direction of rotation for machine axes)
DB31, ...
DBB75
Bit 0-2 JOG - Approaching fixed point active
Signal state 1 or edge Message to the PLC that the function "Approaching fixed point in JOG" is effective.
change 0 → 1 The selected machine axis can be traversed to the specified fixed point binary-coded via Bit 0-2 with
the traverse keys or the handwheel.
Signal state 0 or edge "Approaching fixed point in JOG" is not active
change 1 → 0
DB31, ...
DBB75
Bit 3-5 JOG - Approaching fixed point reached
Signal state 1 or edge Message to PLC that the selected axis has reached the approaching fixed point with "exact stop fine"
change 0 → 1 by virtue of the traversing motion in JOG.
This display signal is also signaled if the axis reaches the fixed point position in the machine coordi‐
nates system via other methods e.g. NC program, FC18 (for 840D sl) or synchronized action on the
setpoint side and comes to a standstill on the actual value side within the "Exact stop fine" tolerance
window (MD36010 $MA_STOP_LIMIT_FINE).
Extended Functions
19.5 Mode Groups, Channels, Axis Replacement (K5)
DB31, ...
DBB75
Bit 3-5 JOG - Approaching fixed point reached
Signal state 0 or edge The axis has not yet reached the approaching fixed point.
change 1 → 0
19.4 Compensations (K3)

No signal descriptions required.
19.5 Mode Groups, Channels, Axis Replacement (K5)
DB31, ...
DBB8 Axis/spindle replacement
Edge evaluation: Yes Signal(s) updated: Cyclically
Signal state 1 or edge The current axis type and currently active channel for this axis must be specified.
change 0 → 1 With axis replacement by the PLC, the bit meanings of the signal to axis/spindle DB31, ... DBB8:
Bit 0 ... 3: Assign NC axis/spindle channel
Bit 4: Activation, assignment by means of a positive edge
Bit 5: -
Bit 6: -
Bit 7: Request PLC axis/spindle
Signal state 0 or edge
change 1 → 0
Corresponding to ... DB31, ... DBB68 (Axis/spindle replacement)
MD20070 $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED
(machine axis number valid in channel)
MD30550 $MA_AXCONF_ASSIGN_MASTER_CHAN
(Initial setting of channel for axis replacement)
Special cases, errors,
etc.
Extended Functions
19.6 Kinematic Transformation (M1)
DB31, ...
DBB68 Axis/spindle replacement
Edge evaluation: Yes Signal(s) updated: Cyclically
Signal state 1 or edge The current axis type and currently active channel for this axis is displayed.
change 0 → 1 With axis replacement by the PLC, the bit meanings of the signal from axis/spindle DB31, ... DBB68:
Bit 0 ... 3: Current assignment of the NC axis/spindle in the channel
Bit 4: New type requested from PLC
Bit 5: Axis interchange possible
Bit 6: Neutral axis/spindle as well as command/oscillation axes
Bit 7: PLC axis/spindle
Signal state 0 or edge
change 1 → 0
Corresponding to ... DB31, ... DBB8 (Axis/spindle replacement)
MD20070 $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED
(machine axis number valid in channel)
MD30550 $MA_AXCONF_ASSIGN_MASTER_CHAN
(Initial setting of channel for axis replacement)
Special cases, errors,
etc.
19.6 Kinematic Transformation (M1)
DB21, ...
DBX33.6 Transformation active
Signal state 1 or edge The NC command TRANSMIT, TRACYL, TRAANG or TRAORI is programmed in the part program. The
change 0 → 1 corresponding block has been processed by the NC and a transformation is now active.
Signal state 0 or edge No transformation active.
change 1 → 0
References Programming Guide Advanced
Function Description, Special Functions; 3-Axis to 5-Axis Transformation (F2)
Extended Functions
19.7 Measurement (M5)
19.7 Measurement (M5)
DB10
DBX107.0 and
DBX107.1 Probe actuated
Signal state 1 or Probe 1 or 2 is actuated.
edge change 0 → 1
Signal state 0 or Probe 1 or 2 is not actuated.
edge change 1 → 0
References Equipment Manual NCU
DB31, ...
DBX62.3 Measuring status
Signal state 1 or The "Measuring" function is active.
edge change 0 → 1 This signal is used during measuring and displays the current measuring status of the axis.
Signal state 0 or The "Measuring" function is not active.
edge change 1 → 0
Extended Functions
19.8 Software cams, position switching signals (N3)
19.8.1 Signal overview
PLC interface signals for "Software cams, position switching signals"
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Extended Functions
DB10
DBX110.0-113.7 Minus cam signal 1-32
Signal state 1 or edge The switching edge of the minus cam signal 1-32 is generated as a function of the traversing direction
change 0 → 1 of the (rotary) axis and transferred to the PLC interface in the IPO cycle.
Linear axis:
The minus cam signal switches from 0 to 1 if the axis overtravels the minus cam in the negative axis
direction.
Modulo rotary axis:
The minus cam signal changes level in response to every positive edge of the plus cam signal.
Signal state 0 or edge Linear axis:
change 1 → 0 The minus cam signal switches from 1 to 0 when the axis traverses the minus cam in the positive
axis direction.
Modulo rotary axis:
The minus cam signal changes level in response to every positive edge of the plus cam signal.
DB10
DBX114.0-117.7 Plus cam signal 1-32
Signal state 1 or edge The switching edge of the plus cam signal 1-32 is generated as a function of the traversing direction
change 0 → 1 of the (rotary) axis and transferred to the PLC interface in the IPO cycle.
Linear axis:
The plus cam signal switches from 0 to 1 when the axis traverses the plus cam in the positive direction.
Modulo rotary axis:
The plus cam signal switches from 0 to 1 when the minus cam is overtraveled in the positive axis
direction.
The described response of the plus cam applies under the condition:
If this condition is not fulfilled or if the minus cam is set to a greater value than the plus cam, then
the response of the plus cam signal is inverted. The response of the minus cam signal remains
unchanged.
Signal state 0 or edge Linear axis:
change 1 → 0 The plus cam signal switches from 1 to 0 if the axis overtravels the plus cam in the negative direction.
Modulo rotary axis:
The plus cam signal switches from 1 back to 0 if the plus cam is overtraveled in the positive axis
direction.
The described response of the plus cam applies under the condition:
If this condition is not fulfilled or if the minus cam is set to a greater value than the plus cam, then
the response of the plus cam signal is inverted. The response of the minus cam signal remains
unchanged.
Extended Functions
DB31, ...
DBX2.0 Cam activation
Signal state 1 or edge Output of the minus and plus cam signals of an axis to the general PLC interface is activated.
change 0 → 1 The activation takes effect immediately after processing of IS "Cam activation".
Signal state 0 or edge The minus and plus cam signals of an axis are not output to the general PLC interface.
change 1 → 0
Corresponding to .... DB10 DBX110.0 - 113.7 (minus cam signal 1-32)
DB10 DBX114.0 - 117.7 (plus cam signals 1-32)
DB31, ...
DBX62.0 Cams active
Signal state 1 or edge All cams of the axis selected via NC/PLC interface signal:
change 0 → 1 DB31, ... DBX2.0 (Cam activation)
have been activated successfully.
Signal state 0 or edge The cams of the axis are not activated.
change 1 → 0
Corresponding to .... DB31, ... DBX2.0 (Cam activation)
DB10 DBX110.0 - 113.7 (minus cam signal 1-32)
DB10 DBX114.0 - 117.7 (plus cam signals 1-32)
Extended Functions
19.9 Punching and Nibbling (N4)
19.9.1 Signal overview
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Figure 19-1 PLC interface signals for "Punching and nibbling"
19.9.2 Signals to channel (DB21, ...)
DB21, ...
DBX3.0 No stroke enable
Signal state 1 or This signal releases the punching strokes via the PLC.
edge change 0 → 1 1 signal: The stroke is locked, the NC may not trigger a punching stroke.
Signal state 0 or 0 signal: Punching stroke is available. As long as release is not set, the NC may perform a punching
edge change 1 → 0 stroke
DB21, ...
DBX3.1 Manual stroke initiation
Signal state 1 or This signal enables the triggering of a single stroke in manual mode.
edge change 0 → 1 1 signal: Manual stroke is performed.
Signal state 0 or 0 signal: No effect.
edge change 1 → 0
Extended Functions
DB21, ...
DBX3.2 Stroke suppression
Signal state 1 or This signal simply prevents execution of the stroke. The machine traverses anyway.
edge change 0 → 1 The automatic path segmentation remains active if it is already activated.
Only the signal "Stroke initiation" is suppressed.
The machine traverses in "stop and go" mode.
The step length is defined via the path segmentation.
1 signal: Stroke suppression is active.
Signal state 0 or 0 signal: Stroke suppression is not active.
edge change 1 → 0
DB21, ...
DBX3.3 Delayed stroke
Signal state 1 or A "Delayed stroke" can be activated via this signal. This corresponds in function to the programming
edge change 0 → 1 of PDELAYON. Other PLC signals not corresponding to the standard are not evaluated in the NCK.
With the exception of the manual stroke initiation, the evaluation of signals is limited to PON active.
1 signal: Delayed stroke is active.
Signal state 0 or 0 signal: Delayed stroke is not active.
edge change 1 → 0
DB21, ...
DBX3.4 Stroke inoperative
Signal state 1 or The NC reacts to this signal by initiating an immediate movement stop. An alarm is output if any other
edge change 0 → 1 movement or action needs to be interrupted as a result of this signal.
In physical terms, the signal is identical to the signal "Stroke active" for the CNC, i.e. the system is
wired in such a way that the two signals are taken to the same NC input via an AND gate.
1 signal: Stroke inoperative (corresponds to the signal "stroke enable").
Signal state 0 or 0 signal: Stroke operative (corresponds to the signal "stroke enable").
edge change 1 → 0
DB21, ...
DBX3.5 Manual stroke initiation
Signal state 1 or The signal "manual stroke initiation" allows the operator to initiate a punching process, even when
edge change 0 → 1 the parts program is not being processed. Thus the initiation of the punching process is controlled
from the PLC.
Successful stroke initiation is indicated to the PLC by the NCK-PLC interface signal:
DB21, ... DBX38.1 (Manual stroke initiation acknowledgement)
.
1 signal: Manual stroke initiation is active.
Signal state 0 or 0 signal: Manual stroke initiation is not active.
edge change 1 → 0
Extended Functions
19.10 Positioning axes (P2)
DB21, ...
DBX38.0 Stroke initiation active
Signal state 1 or This signal displays whether the stroke initiation is active.
edge change 0 → 1 1 signal: Stroke initiation is active.
Signal state 0 or 0 signal: Stroke initiation is not active.
edge change 1 → 0
DB21, ...
DBX38.1 Acknowledgement of manual stroke initiation
Signal state 1 or This signal displays whether a manual stroke has been initiated.
edge change 0 → 1 1 signal: Manual stroke has been performed.
Signal state 0 or 0 signal: Manual stroke has not been performed.
edge change 1 → 0

The following signals or commands on the NCK-HMI-PLC interface are only of significance for
the positioning axis:
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Figure 19-2 Signal modification by the PLC
DB31, ...
DBB0 Feedrate override / spindle override axis-specific
Signal state 1 or edge Positioning axes have their own axis-specific feedrate override value. This feedrate override is
change 0 → 1 evaluated in the same way as the channel-specific feedrate override.
Extended Functions
DB31, ...
DBB0 Feedrate override / spindle override axis-specific
Signal irrelevant for ... NST DB31, ... DBX74.5 ("Positioning axis") = ZERO
References Evaluation see:
DB21, ... DBB4 (feedrate override); channel-specific
DB31, ...
DBX2.2 Delete distance-to-go, axis-specific
Edge evaluation: Yes Signal(s) updated: Cyclic
Signal state 1 or edge The axis-specific distance-to-go of the positioning axis is canceled. The positioning axis is
change 0 → 1 decelerated and the following error is eliminated. The programmed end position is deemed to
have been reached. The path axes are not influenced by the axis-specific "delete distance-to-
go" interface signal. The channel-specific "delete distance-to-go" interface signal is used for
this purpose.
Special cases, If the axis-specific "delete distance-to-go" interface signal is enabled, even if no positioning
errors, ... axes have been programmed in this block, the NCK does not respond.
Corresponding to ... DB21, ... DBX6.2 (delete distance-to-go); channel-specific for path axes
DB31, ...
DBX28.1 Reset
Signal state 1 or edge Reset request to the NCK for the PLC-controlled axis/spindle.
change 0 → 1 Feedback signal from the NCK to the PLC:
DB31 ... DBX63.1 = 1 (reset executed)
DB31 ... DBX63.2 = 1 (axis stop active)
Special cases, Boundary condition:
errors, ... ● The axis/spindle must be currently controlled by the PLC.
Corresponding to ... DB31 ... DBX63.1 (reset executed)
DB31, ... DBX63.2 (axis stop active)
System variable: $AA_SNGLAX_STAT
OPI variables: aaSnglAxStat
DB31, ...
DBX28.2 Continue
Signal state 1 or edge Request to continue interrupted traversing motion for a PLC-controlled axis/spindle.
change 0 → 1 The request can be interrupted with DB31 … DBX63.2 ("axis stop active").
Extended Functions
DB31, ...
DBX28.2 Continue
Special cases, Boundary condition:
errors, ... ● The axis/spindle must be currently controlled by the PLC.
● The signal is ignored for following error situations:
– The axis/spindle is not controlled by the PLC.
– The axis/spindle is not in the stopped state.
– The axis/spindle must not resume traversing because an alarm is present.
Corresponding to ... DB31, … DBX28.1 (reset)
DB31, ... DBX60.6 (exact stop coarse)
DB31, ... DBX60.7 (exact stop fine)
DB31 ... DBX63.2 (axis stop active)
DB31, ... DBX64.6 (traversing command minus)
DB31, ... DBX64.7 (traversing command plus)
OPI variables: aaSnglAxStat
DB31, ...
DBX61.1 Axial alarm
Signal state 1 or edge Effects:
change 0 → 1 ● The axis/spindle is stopped by the NCK via a braking ramp.
● OPI variables: aaSnglAxStat = 5 (alarm)
● $AA_SNGLAX_STAT = 5 (axial alarm is present)
● DB31 ... DBX61.1 = 1 (axial alarm)
DB31, ...
DBX63.0 Reset executed
Signal state 1 or edge The following state is present after the reset:
change 0 → 1 ● The machine data of the axis/spindle is reloaded
● DB31 ... DBX63.0 == 1 (reset executed)
● DB31 ... DBX63.2 == 0 (axis stop active)
● System variable $AA_SNGLAX_STAT == 1
● OPI variables: aaSnglAxStat == 1
Corresponding to ... DB31, … DBX28.1 (reset)
Extended Functions
DB31, ...
DBX63.1 PLC-controlled axis
Signal state 1 or edge Confirmation of the NC to the PLC that the axis is now controlled by the PLC.
change 0 → 1
Corresponding to ... DB31 ... DBX28.7 (PLC controls the axis)
DB31, …
DBX63.2 Axis stop active
Signal state 1 or edge Signal from the NC to the PLC that the axis will be stopped.
change 0 → 1
Signal state 0 or edge Confirmation from the NC to the PLC that the axis has been stopped.
change 1 → 0 System variable: $AA_SNGLAX_STAT = 3 (single axis is interrupted)
Corresponding to ... DB31, ... DBX60.6 (exact stop coarse)
DB31, ... DBX60.7 (exact stop fine)
DB31 ... DBX63.2 (axis stop active)
DB31, ... DBX64.6 (traversing command minus)
DB31, ... DBX64.7 (traversing command plus)
DB31, ...
DBX76.5 Positioning axis
Signal state 1 or edge Confirmation from the NC to the PLC that the axis is a positioning axis.
change 0 → 1
DB31, ...
DBD78 F function (feedrate) for positioning axis
Edge evaluation: No Signal(s) updated: when change
Function The axial feedrate programmed for the positioning axis.
The value specified by FC18 for 840D sl is not output.
Signal irrelevant for ... DB31, ... DBX76.5 == 0 (axis is not a positioning axis)
Special cases, If the positioning axis is traversed with the feedrate from the machine data, the NC does not
errors, ... output an F function (feed) to the PLC:
Corresponding to ... DB31, ... DBX76.5 (positioning axis)
MD22240 $MC_AUXFU_F_SYNC_TYPE (output time of F functions)
Extended Functions
19.11 Oscillation (P5)
19.10.2 Function call - only 840D sl
FC18
For SINUMERIK 840D sl, concurrent positioning axes can be started from the PLC using FC18
(Function Call 18) of the PLC. The following parameters are passed to the function call:
● Axis name/axis number
● End position
● Feedrate
(for feedrate = 0, the feedrate is taken from MD32060 $MA_POS_AX_VELO)
The F value of FC18 is nottransferred to the axis-specific IS DB31, ...DBB78-81 ("F function
(feedrate) for positioning axis")
● Absolute coordinates (G90), incremental coordinates (G91), absolute coordinates along
the shortest path for rotary axes (rotary axis name = DC(value))
Since each axis is assigned to exactly one channel, the control can select the correct channel
from the axis name/axis number and start the concurrent positioning axis on this channel.
Reference:
Function Manual Basic Functions; PLC Basic Program for SINUMERIK 840D sl (P3)
VDI input signals

The PLC user program uses the following signals to control the oscillation process.
DB31, ...
DBX28.0 External oscillation reversal
Signal state 1 or edge Brake oscillation motion and move oscillation axis in the opposite direction.
change 0 → 1
Signal state 0 or edge Continue oscillation without interruption
change 1 → 0
DB31, ...
DBX28.3 Set reversal point
Signal state 1 or edge Reversal point 2
change 0 → 1
Signal state 0 or edge Reversal point 1
change 1 → 0
Extended Functions
DB31, …
DBX28.4 Alter reversal point
Signal state 1 or edge The selected reversal point can be altered by manual traverse.
change 0 → 1 In conjunction with DB31, ...DBX28.0:
The position at which axis is braked after external oscillation reversal must be accepted as
new reversal point.
Signal state 0 or edge The selected reversal point cannot be altered by manual traverse.
change 1 → 0 In conjunction with DB31, ...DBX28.0:
No change to reversal point
Corresponding to .... DBX28.3
DB31, ...
DBX28.5 Stop at next reversal point
Signal state 1 or edge The oscillation movement is interrupted at the next reversal point.
change 0 → 1
Signal state 0 or edge The oscillation movement continues after the next reversal point.
change 1 → 0
Corresponding to .... DBX28.6, DBX28.7
DB31, ...
DBX28.6 Stop along braking ramp
Signal state 1 or edge The axis is decelerated along a ramp, the oscillation movement is interrupted.
change 0 → 1
Signal state 0 or edge The oscillation movement continues without interruption.
change 1 → 0
DB31, ...
DBX28.7 PLC controls axis
Signal state 1 or Axis is controlled by the PLC.
edge change The reaction to interface signals is controlled by the PLC by means of the 2 stop bits, other
0→1 signals with deceleration action are ignored.
Signal state 0 or Axis is not controlled by the PLC.
edge change
1→0
Extended Functions
VDI output signals

The NCK makes the following signals available to the PLC user program.
DB31, ...
DBX100.2 Oscillation reversal active
Signal state 1 or edge The deceleration period after external oscillation reversal (DB31, ...DBX28.0) is active
change 0 → 1
Signal state 0 or edge No deceleration after external oscillation reversal is active
change 1 → 0
DB31, ...
DBX100.3 Oscillation cannot start
Signal state 1 or edge The oscillation axis cannot be started owing to incorrect programming. This status can occur
change 0 → 1 even when axis has already been traversed.
Signal state 0 or edge The oscillation movement can be started.
change 1 → 0
DB31, ...
DBX100.4 Error during oscillation movement
Signal state 1 or edge The oscillation movement has been aborted.
change 0 → 1
Signal state 0 or edge The oscillation movement is being executed correctly.
change 1 → 0
DB31, …
DBX100.5 Sparking-out active
Signal state 1 or edge The axis is executing sparking-out strokes.
change 0 → 1
Signal state 0 or edge The axis is not currently executing sparking-out strokes.
change 1 → 0
DB31, ...
DBX100.6 Oscillation movement active
Signal state 1 or edge The axis is executing an oscillation movement between 2 reversal points.
change 0 → 1
Extended Functions
19.12 Rotary axes (R2)
DB31, ...
DBX100.6 Oscillation movement active
Signal state 0 or edge The axis is not currently oscillating.
change 1 → 0
Signal irrelevant DBX100.7 = 0
for ......
DB31, ...
DBX100.7 Oscillation active
Signal state 1 or edge The axis is currently being traversed as an oscillation axis.
change 0 → 1
Signal state 0 or edge The axis is a positioning axis.
change 1 → 0
DB31, ...
DBX104.0 - 7 Active infeed axes
Signal state 1 or edge The axis sending the signal is currently the oscillation axis and is indicating its active infeed
change 0 → 1 axes in this field (104.0 axis 1 is infeed axis, 104.1 axis 2 is infeed axis, etc.).
Signal state 0 or edge The associated axis is not an infeed axis.
change 1 → 0
19.12 Rotary axes (R2)
DB31, ...
DBX12.4 Traversing range limitation for modulo rotary axes
Signal state 1 or Activate traversing range limitation for modulo rotary axes
edge change 0 → 1 (software end switches, work field limitations).
Signal state 0 or Deactivate traversing range limitation for modulo rotary axes.
edge change 1 → 0
Signal irrelevant Linear axes / rotary axes without modulo functionality.
for ...
Application exam‐ Built-on rotary axis with monitoring
ple(s)
Extended Functions
19.13 Synchronous Spindles (S3)
DB31, ...
DBX74.4 Monitoring status with modulo rotary axes
Signal state 1 or Traversing range limitation for modulo rotary axes active
edge change 0 → 1 (software end switches, work field limitations).
Signal state 0 or Traversing range limitation for modulo rotary axes not active.
edge change 1 → 0
Signal irrelevant Linear axes / rotary axes without modulo functionality.
for ...
Application exam‐ Built-on rotary axis with monitoring
ple(s)
DB31, ...
DBX31.5 Disable synchronization
Signal state 1 or edge The synchronization motion for the following spindle is not disabled from the PLC.
change 0 → 1 The position offset is not suppressed and applied as in earlier versions.
Signal state 0 or edge The synchronization motion for the following spindle is disabled from the PLC.
change 1 → 0 A synchronization motion specified via offset programming is suppressed for the following
spindle. The following spindle does not execute any additional movement.
Corresponding to .... DB31, ... DBX98.1 (Synchronism coarse)
DB31, ... DBX98.0 (Synchronism fine)
DB31, ...
DBX84.4 Synchronous mode
Signal state 1 or edge The spindle is operating in "Synchronous operation" mode. The following spindle thus follows
change 0 → 1 the movements of the leading spindle in accordance with the transmission ratio.
The monitoring functions for coarse and fine synchronism are implemented in synchronous
operation.
Note:
The signal is set only for the machine axis which is acting as following spindle
(IS "FS active" = 1)
Extended Functions
DB31, ...
DBX84.4 Synchronous mode
Signal state 0 or edge The spindle is not operated as the following spindle in "synchronous mode".
change 1 → 0 When the coupling is deactivated (deselection of synchronous operation), the following spindle
is switched to "open-loop control mode".
Corresponding to .... DB31, ... DBX98.0 (Synchronism fine)
DB31, ... DBX98.1 (Synchronism coarse)
DB31, ... DBX99.1 (FS active)
DB31, ...
DBX98.0 Fine synchronism
Signal state 1 or edge The positional deviation or velocity difference between the following spindle and its leading
change 0 → 1 spindle is within the "Fine synchronism" tolerance band.
change 1 → 0 spindle is not within the "Fine synchronism" tolerance band.
Note:
The signal is relevant only for the following spindle in synchronous operation.
Application example Clamping of workpiece in following spindle on transfer from the leading spindle: Clamping of
the workpiece is not initiated by the PLC user program until the spindles are sufficiently
synchronized.
Corresponding to .... DB31, ... DBX84.4 (Synchronous mode)
MD37210 $MA_COUPLE_POS_TOL_FINE (threshold value for "fine synchronism")
MD37230 $MA_COUPLE_VELO_TOL_FINE ("fine" speed tolerance)
DB31, ...
DBX98.1 Coarse synchronism
change 0 → 1 spindle is within the "Coarse synchronism" tolerance band.
Note:
change 1 → 0 spindle is not within the "Coarse synchronism" tolerance band.
Application example Clamping of workpiece in following spindle on transfer from the leading spindle: Clamping of
the workpiece is not initiated by the PLC user program until the spindles are sufficiently
synchronized.
MD37200 $MA_COUPLE_POS_TOL_COARSE (threshold value for "coarse synchronism")
MD37220 $MA_COUPLE_VELO_TOL_COARSE ("coarse" speed tolerance)
Extended Functions
DB31, ...
DBX98.2 Actual value coupling
Signal state 1 or edge The actual-value coupling is active as the coupling type between the leading and following
change 0 → 1 spindles (see MD21310).
Note:
The signal is relevant only for the active following spindle in synchronous operation.
Signal state 0 or edge The setpoint coupling is active as the coupling type between the leading and following spindles
change 1 → 0 (see MD21310).
Special cases, errors, .... In the case of faults/disturbances on the following spindle which result in cancellation of the FS
"servo enable", the coupling relationship between the FS and LS is reversed and switched over
to an actual-value coupling internally in the control under certain circumstances.
MD21310 $MC_COUPLING_MODE_1 (coupling type in synchr. spindle oper.)
DB31, ...
DBX98.4 Overlaid motion
Signal state 1 or edge The following spindle traverses an additional motional component which is overlaid on the
change 0 → 1 motion from the coupling with the leading spindle.
Examples of overlaid movement of FS:
- Activation of synchronous operation with defined angular offset between FS and LS
- Activation of synchronous operation with LS in rotation
- Alteration of transmission ratio when synchronous operation is selected
- Input of a new defined angular offset when synchronous operation is selected
- Traversal of FS with plus or minus traversing keys or handwheel in JOG when synchronous
operation is selected
As soon as the FS executes an overlaid movement, IS "Fine synchronism" or IS "Coarse syn‐
chronism" (depending on threshold value) may be canceled immediately.
Note:
Signal state 0 or edge The following spindle does not traverse any additional motional component or this motion has
change 1 → 0 been terminated.
DB31, ...
DBX99.0 LS (leading spindle) active
Signal state 1 or edge The machine axis is currently active as the leading spindle.
change 0 → 1 Note:
The signal is relevant only in synchronous operation.
Signal state 0 or edge The machine axis is not currently active as the leading spindle.
change 1 → 0
Extended Functions
19.14 Memory Configuration (S7)
DB31, ...
DBX99.0 LS (leading spindle) active
Special cases, errors, ... In the case of faults/disturbances on the following spindle which result in cancellation of the FS
In this case, the leading spindle becomes the new, active following spindle (IS "FS active").
DB31, ... DBX99.1 (FS active)
DB31, ...
DBX99.1 FS (following spindle) active
Signal state 1 or edge The machine axis is currently operating as the following spindle.
change 0 → 1 The following spindle thus follows the movements of the leading spindle in synchronous oper‐
ation in accordance with the transmission ratio.
Note:
The signal is relevant only in synchronous operation.
Signal state 0 or edge The machine axis is not currently operating as the following spindle.
change 1 → 0
Special cases, errors, ... In the case of faults/disturbances on the following spindle which result in cancellation of the FS
DB31, ... DBX99.0 (LS active)
19.14 Memory Configuration (S7)

Extended Functions
19.15 Indexing Axes (T1)
19.15 Indexing Axes (T1)
DB31, ...
DBX76.6 Indexing axis in position
Signal state 1 or edge The signal is influenced according to the "Exact stop fine":
change 0 → 1 When "Exact stop fine" is achieved, the signal is set.
When exiting "Exact stop fine", the signal is reset.
● The indexing axis is located on an indexing position.
The indexing axis has been positioned with instructions for "Coded Position".
Note:
If the "Exact stop fine" window is reached and the indexing axis is positioned on an indexing position,
the signal is enabled regardless of how the indexing position was reached.
Signal state 0 or edge ● The axis is not defined as an indexing axis.
change 1 → 0 ● The indexing axis is traversing:
DB31, ... DBX64.7/64.6 (Travel command+/-) is active.
● The indexing axis is located at a position which is not an indexing position.
Examples:
– In JOG mode after abortion of travel movement, e.g. with RESET
– in Automatic mode: indexing axis has, for example, approached a selected position controlled
by an AC or DC instruction
● The indexing axis has not been positioned with instructions for coded positions (CAC, CACP, CACN,
CDC, CIC) in automatic mode.
● The "Servo enable" signal for the indexing axis has been canceled:
DB31, ... DBX2.1 (Servo enable)
Signal irrelevant for ... ... Axes that are not defined as indexing axes:
MD30500 $MA_INDEX_AX_ASSIGN_POS_TAB = 0
Application exam‐ Tool magazine: Activation of a gripper for removing a tool from a magazine is triggered when the
ple(s) indexing axis is in position:
DB31, ... DBX76.6 (indexing axis in position) = 1.
This must ensured by the PLC user program.
Special cases, er‐ Notes:
rors, ... The axis positions entered in the indexing position table for the individual divisions can be changed
through zero offsets (including DRF).
The interface signal:
DB31, ... DBX76.6 (indexing axis in position)
is then set to 1 when the actual position of the indexing axis matches the value entered in the index
table plus the offset.
If a DRF is applied to an indexing axis in AUTOMATIC mode, then interface signal "Indexing axis in
position" remains active even though the axis is no longer at an indexing position.
Corresponding to .... MD30500 $MA_INDEX_AX_ASSIGN_POS_TAB (axis is an indexing axis)
Extended Functions
19.17 Grinding-specific tool offset and tool monitoring (W4)
19.16 Tool Change (W3)

19.17 Grinding-specific tool offset and tool monitoring (W4)
DB31, ...
DBX83.3 Geometry monitoring
Edge evaluation: No Signal(s) updated: -
Signal state 1 or edge Error in grinding wheel geometry.
There is no further reaction to the response of this monitoring function.
Reactions deemed necessary must be programmed by the PLC user.
Signal state 0 or edge No error in grinding wheel geometry.
change 1 → 0
Application exam‐ Grinding-specific tool monitoring
ple(s)
DB31, ...
DBX83.6 Speed monitoring
Signal state 1 or edge Error in grinding wheel speed.
No further reaction to this signal state is programmed.
Reactions deemed necessary must be programmed by the PLC user.
Signal state 0 or edge No error in grinding wheel speed.
change 1 → 0
Application exam‐ Grinding-specific tool monitoring
ple(s)
DB31, ...
DBX84.1 GWPS active
Signal state 1 or edge Constant grinding wheel peripheral speed (GWPS) is active.
change 0 → 1 If GWPS is active, then all S value inputs from the PLC are interpreted as the grinding wheel periph‐
eral speed.
Signal state 0 or edge Constant grinding wheel peripheral speed (GWPS) is not active.
change 1 → 0
Application exam‐ GWPS in all operating modes.
ple(s)
Extended Functions
Appendix A
A.1 List of abbreviations
A
O Output
ADI4 (Analog drive interface for 4 axes)
AC Adaptive Control
ALM Active Line Module
ARM Rotating induction motor
AS Automation system
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange: American coding standard for
the exchange of information
ASIC Application-Specific Integrated Circuit: User switching circuit
ASUB Asynchronous subprogram
AUXFU Auxiliary function: Auxiliary function
STL Statement List
UP User Program
B
OP Operating Mode
BAG Mode group
BCD Binary Coded Decimals: Decimal numbers encoded in binary code
BERO Contact-less proximity switch
BI Binector Input
BICO Binector Connector
BIN BINary files: Binary files
BIOS Basic Input Output System
BCS Basic Coordinate System
BO Binector Output
OPI Operator Panel Interface
C
CAD Computer-Aided Design
CAM Computer-Aided Manufacturing
CC Compile Cycle: Compile cycles
CI Connector Input
CF Card Compact Flash Card
CNC Computerized Numerical Control: Computer-Supported Numerical Control
Extended Functions
Appendix
C
CO Connector Output
CoL Certificate of License
COM Communication
CPA Compiler Projecting Data: Configuring data of the compiler
CRT Cathode Ray Tube: picture tube
CSB Central Service Board: PLC module
CU Control Unit
CP Communication Processor
CPU Central Processing Unit: Central processing unit
CR Carriage Return
CTS Clear To Send: Ready to send signal for serial data interfaces
CUTCOM Cutter radius Compensation: Tool radius compensation
D
DAC Digital-to-Analog Converter
DB Data Block (PLC)
DBB Data Block Byte (PLC)
DBD Data Block Double word (PLC)
DBW Data Block Word (PLC)
DBX Data block bit (PLC)
DDE Dynamic Data Exchange
DDS Drive Data Set: Drive data set
DIN Deutsche Industrie Norm
DIO Data Input/Output: Data transfer display
DIR Directory: Directory
DLL Dynamic Link Library
DO Drive Object
DPM Dual Port Memory
DPR Dual Port RAM
DRAM Dynamic memory (non-buffered)
DRF Differential Resolver Function: Differential revolver function (handwheel)
DRIVE-CLiQ Drive Component Link with IQ
DRY Dry Run: Dry run feedrate
DSB Decoding Single Block: Decoding single block
DSC Dynamic Servo Control / Dynamic Stiffness Control
DW Data Word
DWORD Double Word (currently 32 bits)
E
I Input
EES Execution from External Storage
Extended Functions
Appendix
E
I/O Input/Output
ENC Encoder: Actual value encoder
EFP Compact I/O module (PLC I/O module)
ESD Electrostatic Sensitive Devices
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
EN European standard
ENC Encoder: Actual value encoder
EnDat Encoder interface
EPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory: Erasable, electrically programmable
read-only memory
ePS Network Services Services for Internet-based remote machine maintenance
EQN Designation for an absolute encoder with 2048 sine signals per revolution
ES Engineering System
ESR Extended Stop and Retract
ETC ETC key ">"; softkey bar extension in the same menu
F
FB Function Block (PLC)
FC Function Call: Function Block (PLC)
FEPROM Flash EPROM: Read and write memory
FIFO First In First Out: Memory that works without address specification and whose data is
read in the same order in which they was stored
FIPO Fine interpolator
FPU Floating Point Unit: Floating Point Unit
CRC Cutter Radius Compensation
FST Feed Stop: Feedrate stop
FBD Function Block Diagram (PLC programming method)
FW Firmware
G
GC Global Control (PROFIBUS: Broadcast telegram)
GDIR Global part program memory
GEO Geometry, e.g. geometry axis
GIA Gear Interpolation dAta: Gear interpolation data
GND Signal Ground
GP Basic program (PLC)
GS Gear Stage
GSD Device master file for describing a PROFIBUS slave
GSDML Generic Station Description Markup Language: XML-based description language for
creating a GSD file
GUD Global User Data: Global user data
Extended Functions
Appendix
H
HEX Abbreviation for hexadecimal number
AuxF Auxiliary function
HLA Hydraulic linear drive
HMI Human Machine Interface: SINUMERIK user interface
MSD Main Spindle Drive
HW Hardware
I
IBN Commissioning
ICA Interpolatory compensation
IM Interface Module: Interconnection module
IMR Interface Module Receive: Interface module for receiving data
IMS Interface Module Send: Interface module for sending data
INC Increment: Increment
INI Initializing Data: Initializing data
IPO Interpolator
ISA Industry Standard Architecture
ISO International Standardization Organization
J
JOG Jogging: Setup mode
K
KV Gain factor of control loop
Kp Proportional gain
KÜ Transformation ratio
LAD Ladder Diagram (PLC programming method)
L
LAI Logic Machine Axis Image: Logical machine axes image
LAN Local Area Network
LCD Liquid Crystal Display: Liquid crystal display
LED Light Emitting Diode: Light-emitting diode
LF Line Feed
PMS Position Measuring System
LR Position controller
LSB Least Significant Bit: Least significant bit
LUD Local User Data: User data (local)
Extended Functions
Appendix
M
MAC Media Access Control
MAIN Main program: Main program (OB1, PLC)
MB Megabyte
MCI Motion Control Interface
MCIS Motion Control Information System
MCP Machine Control Panel: Machine control panel
MD Machine Data
MDA Manual Data Automatic: Manual input
MDS Motor Data Set: Motor data set
MSGW Message Word
MCS Machine Coordinate System
MM Motor Module
MPF Main Program File: Main program (NC)
MCP Machine control panel
N
NC Numerical Control: Numerical Control
NCK Numerical Control Kernel: NC kernel with block preparation, traversing range, etc.
NCU Numerical Control Unit: NCK hardware unit
NRK Name for the operating system of the NCK
IS Interface Signal
NURBS Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline
WO Work Offset
NX Numerical Extension: Axis expansion board
O
OB Organization block in the PLC
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
OP Operator Panel: Operating equipment
OPI Operator Panel Interface: Interface for connection to the operator panel
OPT Options: Options
OLP Optical Link Plug: Fiber optic bus connector
OSI Open Systems Interconnection: Standard for computer communications
P
PIQ Process Image Output
PII Process Image Input
PC Personal Computer
PCIN Name of the SW for data exchange with the control
Extended Functions
Appendix
P
PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association:
Plug-in memory card standardization
PCU PC Unit: PC box (computer unit)
PG Programming device
PKE Parameter identification: Part of a PIV
PIV Parameter identification: Value (parameterizing part of a PPO)
PLC Programmable Logic Control: Adaptation control
PN PROFINET
PNO PROFIBUS user organization
PO POWER ON
POU Program Organization Unit
POS Position/positioning
POSMO A Positioning Motor Actuator: Positioning motor
POSMO CA Positioning Motor Compact AC: Complete drive unit with integrated power and control
module as well as positioning unit and program memory; AC infeed
POSMO CD Positioning Motor Compact DC: Like CA but with DC infeed
POSMO SI Positioning Motor Servo Integrated: Positioning motor, DC infeed
PPO Parameter Process data Object: Cyclic data telegram for PROFIBUS DP transmission
and "Variable speed drives" profile
PPU Panel Processing Unit (central hardware for a panel-based CNC, e.g SINUMERIK
828D)
PROFIBUS Process Field Bus: Serial data bus
PRT Program Test
PSW Program control word
PTP Point-To-Point: Point-To-Point
PUD Program global User Data: Program-global user variables
PZD Process data: Process data part of a PPO
Q
QEC Quadrant Error Compensation
R
RAM Random Access Memory: Read/write memory
REF REFerence point approach function
REPOS REPOSition function
RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer: Type of processor with small instruction set and
ability to process instructions at high speed
ROV Rapid Override: Input correction
RP R Parameter, arithmetic parameter, predefined user variable
RPA R Parameter Active: Memory area on the NCK for R parameter numbers
RPY Roll Pitch Yaw: Rotation type of a coordinate system
RTLI Rapid Traverse Linear Interpolation: Linear interpolation during rapid traverse motion
Extended Functions
Appendix
R
RTS Request To Send: Control signal of serial data interfaces
RTCP Real Time Control Protocol
S
SA Synchronized Action
SBC Safe Brake Control: Safe Brake Control
SBL Single Block: Single block
SBR Subroutine: Subprogram (PLC)
SD Setting Data
SDB System Data Block
SEA Setting Data Active: Identifier (file type) for setting data
SERUPRO SEarch RUn by PROgram test: Search run by program test
SFB System Function Block
SFC System Function Call
SGE Safety-related input
SGA Safety-related output
SH Safe standstill
SIM Single in Line Module
SK Softkey
SKP Skip: Function for skipping a part program block
SLM Synchronous Linear Motor
SM Stepper Motor
SMC Sensor Module Cabinet Mounted
SME Sensor Module Externally Mounted
SMI Sensor Module Integrated
SPF Sub Routine File: Subprogram (NC)
PLC Programmable Logic Controller
SRAM Static RAM (non-volatile)
TNRC Tool Nose Radius Compensation
SRM Synchronous Rotary Motor
LEC Leadscrew Error Compensation
SSI Serial Synchronous Interface: Synchronous serial interface
SSL Block search
STW Control word
GWPS Grinding Wheel Peripheral Speed
SW Software
SYF System Files: System files
SYNACT SYNchronized ACTion: Synchronized Action
Extended Functions
Appendix
T
TB Terminal Board (SINAMICS)
TCP Tool Center Point: Tool tip
TCP/IP Transport Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
TCU Thin Client Unit
TEA Testing Data Active: Identifier for machine data
TIA Totally Integrated Automation
TM Terminal Module (SINAMICS)
TO Tool Offset: Tool offset
TOA Tool Offset Active: Identifier (file type) for tool offsets
TRANSMIT Transform Milling Into Turning: Coordination transformation for milling operations on
a lathe
TTL Transistor-Transistor Logic (interface type)
TZ Technology cycle
U
UFR User Frame: Work offset
SR Subprogram
USB Universal Serial Bus
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
V
VDI Internal communication interface between NCK and PLC
VDI Verein Deutscher Ingenieure [Association of German Engineers]
VDE Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker [Association of German Electrical Engineers]
VI Voltage Input
VO Voltage Output
FDD Feed Drive
W
SAR Smooth Approach and Retraction
WCS Workpiece Coordinate System
T Tool
TLC Tool Length Compensation
WOP Workshop-Oriented Programming
WPD Workpiece Directory: Workpiece directory
TRC Tool Radius Compensation
T Tool
TO Tool Offset
TM Tool Management
TC Tool change
Extended Functions
Appendix
X
XML Extensible Markup Language
Z
WOA Work Offset Active: Identifier for work offsets
ZSW Status word (of drive)
Extended Functions
Appendix
A.2 Overview
A.2 Overview
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Extended Functions
Glossary
Absolute dimensions
A destination for an axis motion is defined by a dimension that refers to the origin of the currently
valid coordinate system. See → Incremental dimension
Acceleration with jerk limitation

In order to optimize the acceleration response of the machine whilst simultaneously protecting
the mechanical components, it is possible to switch over in the machining program between
abrupt acceleration and continuous (jerk-free) acceleration.
Address
An address is the identifier for a certain operand or operand range, e.g. input, output, etc.
Alarms
All → messages and alarms are displayed on the operator panel in plain text with date and time
and the corresponding symbol for the deletion criterion. Alarms and messages are displayed
separately.
1. Alarms and messages in the part program:
Alarms and messages can be displayed in plain text directly from the part program.
2. Alarms and messages from the PLC:
Alarms and messages for the machine can be displayed in plain text from the PLC program.
No additional function block packages are required for this purpose.
Archiving
Reading out of files and/or directories on an external memory device.
Asynchronous subprogram
Part program that can be started asynchronously to (independently of) the current program
status using an interrupt signal (e.g. "Rapid NC input" signal).
Automatic
Operating mode of the controller (block sequence operation according to DIN): Operating
mode for NC systems in which a → subprogram is selected and executed continuously.
Extended Functions
Glossary
Auxiliary functions
Auxiliary functions enable → part programs to transfer → parameters to the → PLC, which then
trigger reactions defined by the machine manufacturer.
Axes
In accordance with their functional scope, the CNC axes are subdivided into:
● Axes: Interpolating path axes
● Auxiliary axes: Non-interpolating feed and positioning axes with an axis-specific feedrate.
Auxiliary axes are not involved in actual machining, e.g. tool feeder, tool magazine.
Axis address
See → Axis name
Axis name
To ensure clear identification, all channel and → machine axes of the control system must be
designated with unique names in the channel and control system. The → geometry axes are
called X, Y, Z. The rotary axes rotating around the geometry axes → are called A, B, C.
Backlash compensation
Compensation for a mechanical machine backlash, e.g. backlash on reversal for ball screws.
Backlash compensation can be entered separately for each axis.
Backup battery
The backup battery ensures that the → user program in the → CPU is stored so that it is safe
from power failure and so that specified data areas and bit memory, timers and counters are
stored retentively.
Basic axis
Axis whose setpoint or actual value position forms the basis of the calculation of a
compensation value.
Basic Coordinate System

Cartesian coordinate system which is mapped by transformation onto the machine coordinate
system.
The programmer uses axis names of the basic coordinate system in the → part program. The
basic coordinate system exists parallel to the → machine coordinate system if no
→ transformation is active. The difference lies in the → axis names.
Extended Functions
Glossary
Baud rate
Rate of data transfer (bits/s).
Blank
Workpiece as it is before it is machined.
Block
"Block" is the term given to any files required for creating and processing programs.
Block search
For debugging purposes or following a program abort, the "Block search" function can be used
to select any location in the part program at which the program is to be started or resumed.
Booting
Loading the system program after power ON.
C axis
Axis around which the tool spindle describes a controlled rotational and positioning motion.
C spline
The C spline is the most well-known and widely used spline. The transitions at the interpolation
points are continuous, both tangentially and in terms of curvature. Polynomials of the
3rd degree are used.
Channel
A channel is characterized by the fact that it can process a → part program independently of
other channels. A channel exclusively controls the axes and spindles assigned to it. Part
program runs of different channels can be coordinated through → synchronization.
Circular interpolation
The → tool moves on a circle between specified points on the contour at a given feedrate, and
the workpiece is thereby machined.
CNC
See → NC
Computerized Numerical Control: includes the components → NCK, → PLC, HMI, → COM.
Extended Functions
Glossary
CNC
See → NC
Computerized Numerical Control: includes the components → NCK, → PLC, HMI, → COM.
COM
Component of the NC for the implementation and coordination of communication.
Compensation axis
Axis with a setpoint or actual value modified by the compensation value
Compensation table
Table containing interpolation points. It provides the compensation values of the compensation
axis for selected positions on the basic axis.
Compensation value
Difference between the axis position measured by the encoder and the desired, programmed
axis position.
Continuous-path mode
The objective of continuous-path mode is to avoid substantial deceleration of the → path axes
at the part program block boundaries and to change to the next block at as close to the same
path velocity as possible.
Contour
Contour of the → workpiece
Contour monitoring
The following error is monitored within a definable tolerance band as a measure of contour
accuracy. An unacceptably high following error can cause the drive to become overloaded, for
example. In such cases, an alarm is output and the axes are stopped.
Coordinate system
See → Machine coordinate system, → Workpiece coordinate system
CPU
Central processing unit, see → PLC
Extended Functions
Glossary
CU
Transformation ratio
Curvature
The curvature k of a contour is the inverse of radius r of the nestling circle in a contour point
(k = 1/r).
Cycles
Protected subprograms for execution of repetitive machining operations on the → workpiece.
Data block
1. Data unit of the → PLC that → HIGHSTEP programs can access.
2. Data unit of the → NC: Data blocks contain data definitions for global user data. This data
can be initialized directly when it is defined.
Data word
Two-byte data unit within a → data block.
Diagnostics
1. Operating area of the control.
2. The control has a self-diagnostics program as well as test functions for servicing purposes:
status, alarm, and service displays
Dimensions specification, metric and inches

Position and pitch values can be programmed in inches in the machining program. Irrespective
of the programmable dimensions (G70/G71), the control is set to a basic system.
DRF
Differential Resolver Function: NC function which generates an incremental work offset in
Automatic mode in conjunction with an electronic handwheel.
Drive
The drive is the unit of the CNC that performs the speed and torque control based on the
settings of the NC.
Extended Functions
Glossary
Dynamic feedforward control

Inaccuracies in the → contour due to following errors can be practically eliminated using
dynamic, acceleration-dependent feedforward control. This results in excellent machining
accuracy even at high → path velocities. Feedforward control can be selected and deselected
on an axis-specific basis via the → part program.
Editor
The editor makes it possible to create, edit, extend, join, and import programs / texts / program
blocks.
Exact stop
When an exact stop statement is programmed, the position specified in a block is approached
exactly and, if necessary, very slowly. To reduce the approach time, → exact stop limits are
defined for rapid traverse and feed.
Exact stop limit

When all path axes reach their exact stop limits, the control responds as if it had reached its
precise destination point. A block advance of the → part program occurs.
External work offset

Work offset specified by the → PLC.
Fast retraction from the contour

When an interrupt occurs, a motion can be initiated via the CNC machining program, enabling
the tool to be quickly retracted from the workpiece contour that is currently being machined.
The retraction angle and the distance retracted can also be parameterized. An interrupt routine
can also be executed following the fast retraction.
Feed override
The programmed velocity is overriden by the current velocity setting made via the → machine
control panel or from the → PLC (0 to 200%). The feedrate can also be corrected by a
programmable percentage factor (1 to 200%) in the machining program.
Finished-part contour
Contour of the finished workpiece. See → Raw part.
Fixed machine point

Point that is uniquely defined by the machine tool, e.g. machine reference point.
Extended Functions
Glossary
Fixed-point approach
Machine tools can approach fixed points such as a tool change point, loading point, pallet
change point, etc. in a defined way. The coordinates of these points are stored in the control.
The control moves the relevant axes in → rapid traverse, whenever possible.
Frame
A frame is an arithmetic rule that transforms one Cartesian coordinate system into another
Cartesian coordinate system. A frame contains the following components: → work offset,
→ rotation, → scaling, → mirroring.
Geometry
Description of a → workpiece in the → workpiece coordinate system.
Geometry axis
The geometry axes form the 2 or 3-dimensional → workpiece coordinate system in which, in
→ part programs, the geometry of the workpiece is programmed.
Ground
Ground is taken as the total of all linked inactive parts of a device which will not become live
with a dangerous contact voltage even in the event of a malfunction.
Helical interpolation
The helical interpolation function is ideal for machining internal and external threads using form
milling cutters and for milling lubrication grooves.
The helix comprises two motions:
● Circular motion in one plane
● A linear motion perpendicular to this plane
High-level CNC language

The high-level language is used to write NC programs, → synchronized actions, and → cycles.
It provides: control structures → user-defined variables, → system variables, → macro
programming.
High-speed digital inputs/outputs

The digital inputs can be used for example to start fast CNC program routines (interrupt
routines). High-speed, program-driven switching functions can be initiated via the digital CNC
outputs
Extended Functions
Glossary
HIGHSTEP
Summary of programming options for → PLCs of the AS300/AS400 system.
HW Config
SIMATIC S7 tool for the configuration and parameterization of hardware components within
an S7 project
Identifier
In accordance with DIN 66025, words are supplemented using identifiers (names) for variables
(arithmetic variables, system variables, user variables), subprograms, key words, and words
with multiple address letters. These supplements have the same meaning as the words with
respect to block format. Identifiers must be unique. It is not permissible to use the same
identifier for different objects.
Inch measuring system

Measuring system which defines distances in inches and fractions of inches.
Inclined surface machining

Drilling and milling operations on workpiece surfaces that do not lie in the coordinate planes
of the machine can be performed easily using the function "inclined-surface machining".
Increment
Travel path length specification based on number of increments. The number of increments
can be stored as → setting data or be selected by means of a suitably labeled key (i.e. 10, 100,
1000, 10000).
Incremental dimension
Incremental dimension: A destination for axis traversal is defined by a distance to be covered
and a direction referenced to a point already reached. See → Absolute dimension.
Intermediate blocks
Motions with selected → tool offset (G41/G42) may be interrupted by a limited number of
intermediate blocks (blocks without axis motions in the offset plane), whereby the tool offset
can still be correctly compensated for. The permissible number of intermediate blocks which
the controller reads ahead can be set in system parameters.
Interpolator
Logic unit of the → NCK that defines intermediate values for the motions to be carried out in
individual axes based on information on the end positions specified in the part program.
Extended Functions
Glossary
Interpolatory compensation
Mechanical deviations of the machine are compensated for by means of interpolatory
compensation functions, such as → leadscrew error, sag, angularity, and temperature
compensation.
Interrupt routine
Interrupt routines are special → subprograms that can be started by events (external signals)
in the machining process. A part program block which is currently being worked through is
interrupted and the position of the axes at the point of interruption is automatically saved.
Inverse-time feedrate
The time required for the path of a block to be traversed can also be programmed for the axis
motion instead of the feed velocity (G93).
JOG
Operating mode of the control (setup mode): The machine can be set up in JOG mode.
Individual axes and spindles can be traversed in JOG mode by means of the direction keys.
Additional functions in JOG mode include: → Reference point approach, → Repos, and → Preset
(set actual value).
Key switch
The key switch on the → machine control panel has four positions that are assigned functions
by the operating system of the controller. The key switch has three different colored keys that
can be removed in the specified positions.
Keywords
Words with specified notation that have a defined meaning in the programming language for
→ part programs.
KV
Servo gain factor, a control variable in a control loop.
Leading axis
The leading axis is the → gantry axis that exists from the point of view of the operator and
programmer and, thus, can be influenced like a standard NC axis.
Leadscrew error compensation

Compensation for the mechanical inaccuracies of a leadscrew participating in the feed. The
controller uses stored deviation values for the compensation.
Extended Functions
Glossary
Limit speed
Maximum/minimum (spindle) speed: The maximum speed of a spindle can be limited by
specifying machine data, the → PLC or → setting data.
Linear axis
In contrast to a rotary axis, a linear axis describes a straight line.
Linear interpolation
The tool travels along a straight line to the destination point while machining the workpiece.
Load memory
The load memory is the same as the → working memory for the CPU 314 of the → PLC.
Look Ahead
The Look Ahead function is used to achieve an optimal machining speed by looking ahead
over an assignable number of traversing blocks.
Machine axes
Physically existent axes on the machine tool.
Machine control panel

An operator panel on a machine tool with operating elements such as keys, rotary switches,
etc., and simple indicators such as LEDs. It is used to directly influence the machine tool via
the PLC.
Machine coordinate system

A coordinate system, which is related to the axes of the machine tool.
Machine zero
Fixed point of the machine tool to which all (derived) measuring systems can be traced back.
Machining channel
A channel structure can be used to shorten idle times by means of parallel motion sequences,
e.g. moving a loading gantry simultaneously with machining. Here, a CNC channel must be
regarded as a separate CNC control system with decoding, block preparation and interpolation.
Extended Functions
Glossary
Macro techniques
Grouping of a set of statements under a single identifier. The identifier represents the set of
consolidated statements in the program.
Main block
A block preceded with ":" that contains all information to start the operating sequence in a
→ part program.
Main program
The term "main program" has its origins during the time when part programs were split strictly
into main and → subprograms. This strict division no longer exists with today's SINUMERIK
NC language. In principle, any part program in the channel can be selected and started. It then
runs through in → program level 0 (main program level). Further part programs or → cycles as
subprograms can be called up in the main program.
MDI
Operating mode of the control: Manual Data Input. In the MDI mode, individual program blocks
or block sequences with no reference to a main program or subprogram can be input and
executed immediately afterwards through actuation of the NC start key.
Messages
All messages programmed in the part program and → alarms detected by the system are
displayed on the operator panel in plain text with date and time and the corresponding symbol
for the deletion criterion. Alarms and messages are displayed separately.
Metric measuring system

Standardized system of units: For length, e.g. mm (millimeters), m (meters).
Mirroring
Mirroring reverses the signs of the coordinate values of a contour, with respect to an axis. It
is possible to mirror with respect to more than one axis at a time.
Mode
An operating concept on a SINUMERIK control The following modes are defined: → Jog, → MDI,
→ Automatic.
Mode group
Axes and spindles that are technologically related can be combined into one mode group.
Axes/spindles of a mode group can be controlled by one or more → channels. The same
→ mode type is always assigned to the channels of the mode group.
Extended Functions
Glossary
NC
Numerical Control component of the → CNC that executes the → part programs and coordinates
the movements of the machine tool.
Network
A network is the connection of multiple S7-300 and other end devices, e.g. a programming
device via a → connecting cable. A data exchange takes place over the network between the
connected devices.
NRK
Numeric robotic kernel (operating system of → NCK)
NURBS
The motion control and path interpolation that occurs within the control is performed based on
NURBS (Non Uniform Rational B-Splines). This provides a uniform procedure for all internal
interpolations.
OEM
The scope for implementing individual solutions (OEM applications) has been provided for
machine manufacturers, who wish to create their own user interface or integrate technology-
specific functions in the control.
Offset memory
Data range in the control, in which the tool offset data is stored.
Oriented spindle stop

Stops the workpiece spindle in a specified angular position, e.g. in order to perform additional
machining at a particular location.
Overall reset
In the event of an overall reset, the following memories of the → CPU are deleted:
● → Working memory
● Read/write area of → load memory
● → System memory
● → Backup memory
Extended Functions
Glossary
Override
Manual or programmable possibility of intervention that enables the user to override
programmed feedrates or speeds in order to adapt them to a specific workpiece or material.
Part program
Series of statements to the NC that act in concert to produce a particular → workpiece. Likewise,
this term applies to execution of a particular machining operation on a given → raw part.
Part program block

Part of a → part program that is demarcated by a line feed. There are two types: → main blocks
and → subblocks.
Part program management

Part program management can be organized by → workpieces. The size of the user memory
determines the number of programs and the amount of data that can be managed. Each file
(programs and data) can be given a name consisting of a maximum of 24 alphanumeric
characters.
Path axis
Path axes include all machining axes of the → channel that are controlled by the → interpolator
in such a way that they start, accelerate, stop, and reach their end point simultaneously.
Path feedrate
Path feedrate affects → path axes. It represents the geometric sum of the feedrates of the
→ geometry axes involved.
Path velocity
The maximum programmable path velocity depends on the input resolution. For example, with
a resolution of 0.1 mm the maximum programmable path velocity is 1000 m/min.
PCIN data transfer program

PCIN is a utility program for sending and receiving CNC user data (e.g. part programs, tool
offsets) via the serial interface. The PCIN program can run under MS-DOS on standard
industrial PCs.
Peripheral module
I/O modules represent the link between the CPU and the process.
Extended Functions
Glossary
I/O modules are:

● → Digital input/output modules
● → Analog input/output modules
● → Simulator modules
PLC
Programmable Logic Controller: → Programmable logic controller. Component of → NC:
Programmable control for processing the control logic of the machine tool.
PLC program memory

SINUMERIK 840D sl: The PLC user program, the user data and the basic PLC program are
stored together in the PLC user memory.
PLC programming
The PLC is programmed using the STEP 7 software. The STEP 7 programming software is
based on the WINDOWS standard operating system and contains the STEP 5 programming
functions with innovative enhancements.
Polar coordinates
A coordinate system which defines the position of a point on a plane in terms of its distance
from the origin and the angle formed by the radius vector with a defined axis.
Polynomial interpolation
Polynomial interpolation enables a wide variety of curve characteristics to be generated, such
as straight line, parabolic, exponential functions (SINUMERIK 840D sl).
Positioning axis
Axis that performs an auxiliary motion on a machine tool (e.g. tool magazine, pallet transport).
Positioning axes are axes that do not interpolate with → path axes.
Position-time cams
The term "position-time cam" refers to a pair of software cams that can supply a pulse of a
certain duration at a defined axis position.
Pre-coincidence
Block change occurs already when the path distance approaches an amount equal to a
specifiable delta of the end position.
Extended Functions
Glossary
Program block
Program blocks contain the main program and subprograms of → part programs.
Program level
A part program started in the channel runs as a → main program on program level 0 (main
program level). Any part program called up in the main program runs as a → subprogram on
a program level 1 ... n of its own.
Programmable frames
Programmable → frames enable dynamic definition of new coordinate system output points
while the part program is being executed. A distinction is made between absolute definition
using a new frame and additive definition with reference to an existing starting point.
Programmable logic controller

Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are electronic controllers, the function of which is stored
as a program in the control unit. This means that the layout and wiring of the device do not
depend on the function of the controller. The programmable logic control has the same
structure as a computer; it consists of a CPU (central module) with memory, input/output
modules and an internal bus system. The peripherals and the programming language are
matched to the requirements of the control technology.
Programmable working area limitation

Limitation of the motion space of the tool to a space defined by programmed limitations.
Programming key
Characters and character strings that have a defined meaning in the programming language
for → part programs.
Protection zone
Three-dimensional zone within the → working area into which the tool tip must not pass.
Quadrant error compensation

Contour errors at quadrant transitions, which arise as a result of changing friction conditions
on the guideways, can be virtually entirely eliminated with the quadrant error compensation.
Parameterization of the quadrant error compensation is performed by means of a circuit test.
R parameters
Arithmetic parameter that can be set or queried by the programmer of the → part program for
any purpose in the program.
Extended Functions
Glossary
Rapid traverse
The highest traverse velocity of an axis. It is used, for example, when the tool approaches the
→ workpiece contour from a resting position or when the tool is retracted from the workpiece
contour. The rapid traverse velocity is set on a machine-specific basis using a machine data
item.
Reference point
Machine tool position that the measuring system of the → machine axes references.
Rotary axis
Rotary axes apply a workpiece or tool rotation to a defined angular position.
Rotation
Component of a → frame that defines a rotation of the coordinate system around a particular
angle.
Rounding axis
Rounding axes rotate a workpiece or tool to an angular position corresponding to an indexing
grid. When a grid index is reached, the rounding axis is "in position".
RS-232-C
Serial interface for data input/output. Machining programs as well as manufacturer and user
data can be loaded and saved via this interface.
Safety functions
The controller is equipped with permanently active monitoring functions that detect faults in
the → CNC, the → PLC, and the machine in a timely manner so that damage to the workpiece,
tool, or machine is largely prevented. In the event of a fault, the machining operation is
interrupted and the drives stopped. The cause of the malfunction is logged and output as an
alarm. At the same time, the PLC is notified that a CNC alarm has been triggered.
Scaling
Component of a → frame that implements axis-specific scale modifications.
Setting data
Data which communicates the properties of the machine tool to the NC as defined by the
system software.
Extended Functions
Glossary
Softkey
A key, whose name appears on an area of the screen. The choice of softkeys displayed is
dynamically adapted to the operating situation. The freely assignable function keys (softkeys)
are assigned defined functions in the software.

Software limit switches limit the traversing range of an axis and prevent an abrupt stop of the
slide at the hardware limit switch. Two value pairs can be specified for each axis and activated
separately by means of the → PLC.
Spline interpolation
With spline interpolation, the controller can generate a smooth curve characteristic from only
a few specified interpolation points of a set contour.
Standard cycles
Standard cycles are provided for machining operations which are frequently repeated:
● For the drilling/milling technology
● For turning technology
The available cycles are listed in the "Cycle support" menu in the "Program" operating area.
Once the desired machining cycle has been selected, the parameters required for assigning
values are displayed in plain text.
Subblock
Block preceded by "N" containing information for a sequence, e.g. positional data.
Subprogram
The term "subprogram" has its origins during the time when part programs were split strictly
into →main and subprograms. This strict division no longer exists with today's SINUMERIK NC
language. In principle, any part program or any → cycle can be called up as a subprogram
within another part program. It then runs through in the next → program level (x+1) (subprogram
level (x+1)).
Synchronization
Statements in → part programs for coordination of sequences in different → channels at certain
machining points.
Extended Functions
Glossary
1. Auxiliary function output
During workpiece machining, technological functions (→ auxiliary functions) can be output
from the CNC program to the PLC. For example, these auxiliary functions are used to
control additional equipment for the machine tool, such as quills, grabbers, clamping
chucks, etc.
2. Fast auxiliary function output
For time-critical switching functions, the acknowledgement times for the → auxiliary
functions can be minimized and unnecessary hold points in the machining process can be
avoided.
Synchronized axes
Synchronized axes take the same time to traverse their path as the geometry axes take for
their path.
Synchronized axis
A synchronized axis is the → gantry axis whose set position is continuously derived from the
motion of the → leading axis and is, thus, moved synchronously with the leading axis. From
the point of view of the programmer and operator, the synchronized axis "does not exist".
System memory
The system memory is a memory in the CPU in which the following data is stored:
● Data required by the operating system
● The operands timers, counters, markers
System variable
A variable that exists without any input from the programmer of a → part program. It is defined
by a data type and the variable name preceded by the character $. See → User-defined variable.
Tapping without compensating chuck

This function allows threads to be tapped without a compensating chuck. By using the
interpolating method of the spindle as a rotary axis and the drilling axis, threads can be cut to
a precise final drilling depth, e.g. for blind hole threads (requirement: spindles in axis operation).
Text editor
See → Editor
TOA area
The TOA area includes all tool and magazine data. By default, this area coincides with the
→ channel area with regard to the access of the data. However, machine data can be used to
Extended Functions
Glossary
specify that multiple channels share one → TOA unit so that common tool management data
is then available to these channels.
TOA unit
Each → TOA area can have more than one TOA unit. The number of possible TOA units is
limited by the maximum number of active → channels. A TOA unit includes exactly one tool
data block and one magazine data block. In addition, a TOA unit can also contain a toolholder
data block (optional).
Tool
Active part on the machine tool that implements machining (e.g. turning tool, milling tool, drill,
LASER beam, etc.).
Tool nose radius compensation

Contour programming assumes that the tool is pointed. Because this is not actually the case
in practice, the curvature radius of the tool used must be communicated to the controller which
then takes it into account. The curvature center is maintained equidistantly around the contour,
offset by the curvature radius.
Tool offset
Consideration of the tool dimensions in calculating the path.
Tool radius compensation

To directly program a desired → workpiece contour, the control must traverse an equistant path
to the programmed contour taking into account the radius of the tool that is being used (G41/
G42).
Transformation
Additive or absolute zero offset of an axis.
Travel range
The maximum permissible travel range for linear axes is ± 9 decades. The absolute value
depends on the selected input and position control resolution and the unit of measurement
(inch or metric).
User interface
The user interface (UI) is the display medium for a CNC in the form of a screen. It features
horizontal and vertical softkeys.
Extended Functions
Glossary
User memory
All programs and data, such as part programs, subprograms, comments, tool offsets, and work
offsets / frames, as well as channel and program user data, can be stored in the shared CNC
user memory.
User program
User programs for the S7-300 automation systems are created using the programming
language STEP 7. The user program has a modular layout and consists of individual blocks.
The basic block types are:
● Code blocks
These blocks contain the STEP 7 commands.
● Data blocks
These blocks contain constants and variables for the STEP 7 program.
User-defined variable
Users can declare their own variables for any purpose in the → part program or data block
(global user data). A definition contains a data type specification and the variable name. See
→ System variable.
Variable definition
A variable definition includes the specification of a data type and a variable name. The variable
names can be used to access the value of the variables.
Velocity control
In order to achieve an acceptable traverse rate in the case of very slight motions per block, an
anticipatory evaluation over several blocks (→ Look Ahead) can be specified.
WinSCP
WinSCP is a freely available open source program for Windows for the transfer of files.
Extended Functions
Glossary
Work offset
Specifies a new reference point for a coordinate system through reference to an existing zero
point and a → frame.
1. Settable
A configurable number of settable work offsets are available for each CNC axis. The offsets
- which are selected by means of G commands - take effect alternatively.
2. External
In addition to all the offsets which define the position of the workpiece zero, an external
work offset can be overridden by means of the handwheel (DRF offset) or from the PLC.
3. Programmable
Work offsets can be programmed for all path and positioning axes using the TRANS
statement.
Working area
Three-dimensional zone into which the tool tip can be moved on account of the physical design
of the machine tool. See → Protection zone.
Working area limitation

With the aid of the working area limitation, the traversing range of the axes can be further
restricted in addition to the limit switches. One value pair per axis may be used to describe the
protected working area.
Working memory
The working memory is a RAM in the → CPU that the processor accesses when processing
the application program.
Workpiece
Part to be made/machined by the machine tool.
Workpiece contour
Set contour of the → workpiece to be created or machined.
Workpiece coordinate system

The workpiece coordinate system has its starting point in the → workpiece zero-point. In
machining operations programmed in the workpiece coordinate system, the dimensions and
directions refer to this system.
Workpiece zero
The workpiece zero is the starting point for the → workpiece coordinate system. It is defined
in terms of distances to the → machine zero.
Extended Functions
Glossary
Extended Functions
Index
$AN_REBOOT_DELAY_TIME, 347
$P_COUP_OFFS, 772
$ $P_GWPS, 871
$P_ISTEST, 360
$A_DP_IN_CONF, 63
$TC_DP1, 846
$A_DP_IN_STATE, 63
$TC_DPC1...10, 846
$A_DP_IN_VALID, 63
$TC_TPC1...10, 851
$A_DP_OUT_CONF, 63
$TC_TPG3, 850
$A_DP_OUT_STATE, 63
$TC_TPG4, 850
$A_DP_OUT_VALID, 63
$TC_TPG5, 850
$A_IN, 34
$TC_TPG6, 850
$A_INA, 34
$TC_TPG7, 850
$A_INCO, 49
$TC_TPG8, 850
$A_OUT, 34, 36
$TC_TPG9, 851
$A_OUT[n], 603
$VA_COUP_OFFS, 771
$A_OUTA, 34, 44
$AA_ACT_INDEX_AX_POS_NO, 824
$AA_COUP_ACT, 771
$AA_COUP_OFFS, 771
1
$AA_ENC_COMP, 270 1dimensional
$AA_ENC_COMP_IS_MODULO, 270 Setpoint selection ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 19), 547
$AA_ENC_COMP_MAX, 269
$AA_ENC_COMP_MIN, 269
$AA_ENC_COMP_STEP, 269 2
$AA_FIX_POINT_ACT, 190
2dimensional
$AA_FIX_POINT_SELECTED, 190
Setpoint selection ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 20), 548
$AA_G0MODE, 662
$AA_ISTEST, 360
$AA_MOTEND, 678
$AA_PROG_INDEX_AX_POS_NO, 824
3
$AC_AXCTSWA, 115 3D Probe, 514
$AC_AXCTSWE, 115 3dimensional
$AC_ISTEST, 360 Setpoint selection ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 21), 550
$AC_RETPOINT, 740
$AN_AXCTAS, 115
$AN_AXCTSWA, 115 A
$AN_CEC, 277
Acceleration characteristic, 624
$AN_CEC_DIRECTION, 278
Acknowledgement of manual stroke initiation, 931
$AN_CEC_INPUT_AXIS, 277
Acknowledgement of stopped status, 934
$AN_CEC_IS_MODULO, 278
Activating an axis replacement without a
$AN_CEC_MAX, 278
preprocessing stop, 372
$AN_CEC_MIN, 277
Activation methods, 758
$AN_CEC_MULT_BY_TABLE, 278
Activation of coupling, 758
$AN_CEC_OUTPUT_AXIS, 277
Active file system, 800
$AN_CEC_STEP, 277
Active infeed axes, 938
$AN_LAI_AX_IS_AXCTAX, 115
Active/passive operating mode, 892
$AN_LAI_AX_IS_LEADLINKAX, 115
Active/passive operating mode of control unit, 893
$AN_LAI_AX_IS_LINKAX, 115
Actual value coupling, 941
$AN_LAI_AX_TO_IPO_NC_CHANAX, 115
Actual value for analog NCK inputs, 885
$AN_LAI_AX_TO_MACHAX, 115
Extended Functions
Index
Actual value for digital NCK inputs, 884

All transformations, 487
Alter reversal point, 936 B
Alternate interface, 622
Backlash, 260
Angular offset POSFS, 759
-Compensation, dynamic, 262
Approaching a fixed point, 839
Dynamic, 262
in JOG, 185
Bidirectional probe, 498
ASCALE, 743
Block change
Assign feedrate using the programmed axis name of
Positioning axis type 1, 675
a positioning axis, 934
ATRANS, 743
Block search, 626
Automatic axis replacement, 367
Automatically activated pre-initiation time, 623
Autonomous singleaxis operations
NCK reactions, 685
C
PLC actions, 684 Calculated frame, 512
AxAlarm, 933 Calculation method, 516
AXCTSWE, 113 Cam activation, 928
AXCTSWEC, 113 Cam signals
AXCTSWED, 113 Hardware assignment, 603
Axes linked output, 594
for auxiliary movements, 653 Minus, 602
Axial reset has been performed, 933 Plus, 602
Axial stop alarm for this axis, 933 Separate output, 590
axis Timer-controlled output, 604
Basic, 265 Cams active, 928
Compensation, 265 Cartesian manual travel, 476
Axis Cartesian PTP travel, 462
-interpolator, 660 CC-Bindings, 64
Axis container, 290 Center of circle
-Identifier, 105 for circular travel in JOG, 204
Axis container rotation active, 895 Chained transformations, 444
Axis control passed to PLC, 934 Persistent transformation, 457
Axis ready, 895 Changing the assignment, 486
Axis replacement Channel, 655
Axis replacement via synchronized actions, 376 synchronization, 351
Geometry axis in rotated frame, 375 Channel number geometry axis for handwheel 1, 2,
Release axis container rotation, 371 3, 896
without preprocessing stop, 372 Circle radius
Axis replacement via PLC, 684 for circular travel in JOG, 204
Axis types Circle segment machining, 200
For positioning axes, 657 Circular travel
Axis/spindle replacement, 923, 924 in JOG, 197
AxReset, 932 Clamping protection zone, 644
AxResume, 932, 933 CLEAR, 351
AxStop active, 934 CLEARM, 352
AXTOCHAN, 376 COARSEA, 672
Commands MEAS, MEAW, 499
Commissioning archive, 801
Comparator inputs, 49
Compensation
Angularity error, 272
Extended Functions
Index
Following error, 313 DBB134, 878

Interpolatory, 265 DBB135, 878
Leadscrew error, 267 DBB136, 879
Measuring system error, 267 DBB137, 879
Sag, 272 DBB138, 878
Concatenation, 848 DBB139, 878
Concurrent positioning axes DBB140, 879
start from the PLC, 684 DBB141, 879
Continuous duty, 161 DBB142, 878
Continuous manual travel, 157 DBB143, 878
Continuous operation, 157 DBB144, 879
Contour handwheel, 224 DBB145, 879
Control unit requests active operating mode, 892 DBB146, 43, 880
Control unit switchover disable, 892 DBB147, 43, 880
Conversion into another coordinate system, 513 DBB148 -163, 880
Corner C1 - C4 ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 4, 5, 6, 7), 526 DBB166, 46, 881
Corner measurement C1, 527 DBB167, 46, 881
coupling DBB168, 46, 881, 882
Define new, 767 DBB170 -185, 882
Fixed configuration, 767 DBB186 ..., 38
Coupling options, 752 DBB186-189, 884
CT, 113 DBB190-193, 884
Cut-to-cut time, 838 DBB194 -209, 885
Cylinder coordinate system, 407 DBB210 - 225, 46
Cylinder surface transformation, 406 DBB210 -225, 885
DBB4, 38, 878
DBB5, 37, 878
D DBB6, 37, 879
DBB60, 884
DB10
DBB64, 38, 884
DBB0, 36, 877
DBB7, 38, 879
DBB1, 35, 36, 878
DBB97, 896
DBB100, 897
DBB98, 896
DBB101, 897
DBB99, 896
DBB102, 897
DBW148-162, 43
DBB122, 877
DBW170 …, 46
DBB122 ..., 36
DBW194-208, 42
DBB123, 878
DBX100.0-4, 168
DBB123 ..., 35, 36
DBX100.6, 168, 898
DBB124, 877
DBX100.7, 168, 898
DBB125, 878
DBX101.0-4, 168
DBB126, 877
DBX101.6, 168, 898
DBB127, 878
DBX101.7, 168, 898
DBB128, 877
DBX102.0-4, 168
DBB129, 878
DBX102.6, 168, 898
DBB130, 878
DBX102.7, 168, 898
DBB130 ..., 38
DBX107.0, 925
DBB131, 878
DBX107.1, 925
DBB131 ..., 37
DBX107.6, 894, 895
DBB132, 879
DBX110.0 - 113.7, 602
DBB132 ..., 37
DBX110.0-113.7, 927
DBB133, 879
DBX114.0 - 117.7, 602
DBB133 ..., 38
Extended Functions
Index
DBX114.0-117.7, 927 DBX3.1, 617, 929

DBX97.0-3, 168 DBX3.2, 617, 930
DBX98.0-3, 168 DBX3.3, 930
DBX99.0-3, 168 DBX3.4, 617, 930
DB10 DBX108.7, 346 DBX3.5, 930
DB10, ... DBX30.0, 914
DBX107.0, 501 DBX30.0-2, 225
DBX107.1, 501 DBX30.1, 914
DB11 DBX30.2, 914
DB6.2, 147 DBX30.3, 225, 914
DBX 6.3, 346 DBX30.4, 225, 914
DBX(n*20+6).2, 210 DBX30.6, 198
DBX186.2, 147 DBX31.5, 171, 914, 915
DBX26.2, 147 DBX317.6, 464
DB19 DBX323.0, 171
DBX0.7, 211 DBX323.0, 327.0, 331.0, 904
DBX20.7, 211 DBX327.0, 171
DB21, ... DBX33.3, 220, 905
DBX0.3, 223, 227, 696, 899 DBX33.6, 924
DBX0.6, 223 DBX331.0, 171
DBX100.5, 913 DBX332.4, 910, 911
DBX101.5, 913 DBX332.5, 910, 911
DBX102.5, 913 DBX332.6, 911, 912
DBX12.0-2, 899, 903 DBX332.7, 911, 912
DBX12.0-5, 902 DBX335.0, 171
DBX12.3, 617 DBX335.0, 339.0, 343.0, 912
DBX12.4, 900 DBX336.4, 910, 911
DBX12.5, 900 DBX336.5, 910, 911
DBX12.6, 901 DBX336.6, 911, 912
DBX12.7, 901 DBX336.7, 911, 912
DBX13.6, 902 DBX339.0, 171
DBX15.0, 171 DBX340.4, 910, 911
DBX15.0, 19.0, 23.0, 902, 903 DBX340.5, 910, 911
DBX16.0-2, 899, 903 DBX340.6, 911, 912
DBX16.0-5, 902 DBX340.7, 911, 912
DBX16.4, 900 DBX343.0, 171
DBX16.5, 900 DBX37.0, 915
DBX16.6, 901 DBX37.0-2, 906
DBX16.7, 901 DBX37.1, 915
DBX17.6, 902 DBX37.2, 915
DBX19.0, 171 DBX377.4, 211, 213
DBX20.0-2, 899, 903 DBX377.5, 211, 213
DBX20.0-5, 902 DBX377.6, 199
DBX20.4, 900 DBX38.0, 618, 931
DBX20.5, 900 DBX38.1, 617, 931
DBX20.6, 901 DBX39.5, 171, 915
DBX20.7, 901 DBX40.5, 169
DBX21.6, 902 DBX40.6, 908
DBX23.0, 171 DBX40.7, 159, 163, 170, 908
DBX24.3, 227, 905 DBX41.0-6, 909
DBX29.4, 464 DBX43.0, 171
DBX3.0, 617, 929 DBX43.0, 49.0, 55.0, 909
Extended Functions
Index
DBX46.5, 169 DBX377.5, 210

DBX46.6, 908 DBX40.4, 169
DBX46.7, 159, 163, 170, 908 DBX40.6, 159, 163, 170
DBX47.0-6, 909 DBX41.0-5, 163
DBX49.0, 171 DBX41.6, 159
DBX52.5, 169 DBX46.4, 169
DBX52.6, 908 DBX46.6, 159, 163, 170
DBX52.7, 159, 163, 170, 908 DBX47.0-5, 163
DBX53.0-6, 909 DBX47.6, 159
DBX55.0, 171 DBX52.4, 169
DBX67.0, 922 DBX52.6, 159, 163, 170
DBX7.1, 783 DBX53.0-5, 163
DBX7.4, 782 DBX53.6, 159
DB21, … DB31, ...
DBX 36.5, 346 DBB0, 931, 932
DBX12.0-2, 167, 219 DBB19, 779, 787
DBX13.0-5, 162 DBB68, 924
DBX13.6, 158 DBB78-81, 934
DBX16.0-2, 167, 219 DBB8, 923
DBX17.0-5, 162 DBX1.3, 779
DBX17.6, 158 DBX1.4, 776, 780
DBX20.0-2, 167, 219 DBX1.5, 781
DBX21.0-5, 162 DBX1.6, 781
DBX21.6, 158 DBX1.7, 154
DBX320.0-2, 167 DBX100.2, 714, 937
DBX321.0-5, 162 DBX100.3, 937
DBX321.6, 158 DBX100.4, 937
DBX324.0-2, 167 DBX100.5, 937
DBX325.0-5, 162 DBX100.6, 937, 938
DBX325.6, 158 DBX100.7, 938
DBX328.0-2, 167 DBX102.0, 262
DBX329.0-5, 162 DBX104.0 - 7, 938
DBX329.6, 158 DBX12.4, 736, 938
DBX332.4, 169 DBX13.0-2, 186, 187, 919
DBX332.5, 169 DBX13.3, 193, 194
DBX332.6, 159, 163, 170 DBX14.0, 359
DBX332.7, 159, 163, 170 DBX16.4, 782, 787
DBX333.0-5, 163 DBX16.5, 782, 787
DBX333.6, 159 DBX16.7, 782, 786
DBX336.4, 169 DBX17.6, 787
DBX336.5, 169 DBX2.0, 601, 928
DBX336.6, 160, 164, 170 DBX2.1, 776, 780
DBX336.7, 160, 164, 170 DBX2.2, 218, 219, 781, 786, 932
DBX337.0-5, 163 DBX25.0, 262
DBX337.6, 159 DBX26.4, 785
DBX340.4, 169 DBX28.0, 714, 935
DBX340.5, 169 DBX28.1, 665, 932
DBX340.6, 160, 164, 170 DBX28.2, 665, 932, 933
DBX340.7, 160, 164, 170 DBX28.3, 714, 935
DBX341.0-5, 163 DBX28.4, 714, 936
DBX341.6, 159 DBX28.5, 701, 936
DBX35.7, 210 DBX28.6, 665, 701, 936
Extended Functions
Index
DBX28.7, 701, 936 DBX84.4, 751, 939, 940

DBX29.5, 777 DBX98.0, 762, 764, 778, 940
DBX31.4, 763, 772, 777, 780 DBX98.1, 762, 764, 778, 940
DBX31.5, 761, 778, 939 DBX98.2, 941
DBX4.0-2, 915, 916 DBX98.4, 756, 759, 786, 941
DBX4.3, 762, 781 DBX99.0, 754, 941, 942
DBX4.4, 916 DBX99.1, 754, 942
DBX4.5, 916 DBX99.4, 778
DBX4.6, 782, 917 DB31, ... .DBX60.4 - 5, 261
DBX4.7, 782, 917 DB31, …
DBX5.0-5, 918 DBX 61.2, 346
DBX5.6, 918 DBX4.0-2, 167, 219
DBX6.2, 665 DBX5.0-5, 162
DBX60.1, 895 DBX5.6, 158
DBX60.4, 759 DBX64.4, 169
DBX60.4/5, 254 DBX64.6, 159, 163, 170
DBX60.5, 759 DB31, ...";"DBX2.2, 161
DBX60.6, 666 Defining geometry axes, 485
DBX60.7, 666 Deformation
DBX61.1, 933 due to temperature effects, 252
DBX61.2, 895 Delay time, 577
DBX61.3, 777 Delayed stroke, 930
DBX62.0, 601, 928 Delete distance-to-go, axis-specific, 932
DBX62.1, 220, 223, 919 Differential speed, 785
DBX62.3, 501, 925 Disable analog NCK inputs, 880
DBX62.7, 895 Disable analog NCK outputs, 881, 882
DBX63.0, 664, 667, 933 Disable digital NCK inputs, 877
DBX63.1, 664, 934 Disable digital NCK outputs, 878
DBX63.2, 664, 666, 667, 934 Disable synchronization, 939
DBX64.0-2, 920 Dressing, 856
DBX64.4, 920, 921 DRF, 226
DBX64.5, 169, 920, 921 Dynamic backlash, 262
DBX64.6, 921 Dynamic NC memory, 799
DBX64.7, 159, 163, 170, 666, 921 Dynamic programming in spindle/axis
DBX65.0 - 65.5, 163 operations, 791
DBX65.0-6, 922 Dynamic response
DBX65.6, 159 -adaptation, 318
DBX67.0, 171
DBX7.0, 171, 918, 919
DBX74.4, 736, 939 E
DBX75.0-2, 186, 922
Effects on HMI operation, 457
DBX75.3-5, 186, 922, 923
end-of-motion criterion
DBX75.6, 193
with block search, 681
DBX75.7, 193
Error
DBX76.5, 934
Leadscrew, 267
DBX76.6, 822, 943
Measuring system, 267
DBX83.1, 757
-temperature compensation curves, 252
DBX83.3, 867, 944
Error during oscillation movement, 937
DBX83.5, 786
Example, 459
DBX83.6, 867, 944
Example of probe function test, 577
DBX83.7, 786
Exceptions, 440
DBX84.1, 870, 944
Extensions, 440
Extended Functions
Index
External oscillation reversal, 935 Traversal in JOG, 165

Velocity specification, 173, 224
Handwheel connection
F Ethernet, 237
Handwheel connection (828D)
FC18, 682
PPU, 233
FCTDEF, 857
PROFIBUS, 233
Feed override, 681, 682
Handwheel override in AUTOMATIC mode
Feedforward control, 313
Path definition, 218
Speed, 315
Velocity override, 218
Torque, 317
Handwheel selected (for handwheel 1, 2 or 3), 898
Feedrate override / spindle override axis-
Hirth gearing, 828
specific, 931, 932
Home NCU, 99
FIFO variables, 504
FINEA, 672
Fixed point positions, 188
Fixed-point approach
I
with G75, 185 I/O range, 60
Following error, 313 INCH or METRIC unit of measurement, 520
Following spindle Inclined axis (TRAANG), 437
Resynchronization, 778 Inclined axis transformations, 488
Following spindle interpolator, 753 Incremental manual travel, 161
Frames, 458 Incremental traversing, 164
FS (following spindle) active, 942 Indexing axes
FTOCOF, 860 Coded position, 823
FTOCON, 860 Programming, 823
Indexing axis
System of units, 819
G Indexing axis in position, 943
Indexing positions
G5, 438
Number, 819
G7, 438
Indexing positions table, 818
G75, 185
Infeed, 693
Geometry axis grouping are either, 376
INIT, 351
Geometry monitoring, 944
Input values, 508
GET, 366
Measurement types, 509
GETD, 367
Setpoints, 511, 512
Grid structure, 282
Interface signals
Grinding Wheel Peripheral Speed, 869
Activate DRF, 899
Groove side offset, 409
Activate handwheel (1 to 3), 915, 916
GWPS, 869, 871
Activate handwheel (1 to 3) for geometry axis (1,
GWPS active, 944
2, 3), 899, 903
GWPSOF, 871
Activate handwheel 1 as contour handwheel, 914
GWPSON, 871
Active machine function for geometry axis (1, 2,
H 3), 909
Handwheel Active machine function INC1, ...,
Assignment, 166 continuous, 922
Distance specification, 173 Continuous machine function, 918
Path definition, 224 Contour handwheel active (1 to 3), 906
Selection of HMI, 168 Contour handwheel simulation on, 914
Extended Functions
Index
Contour-handwheel-simulation negative Traversing key disable for geometry axis (1, 2,

direction, 914 3), 900
Define handwheel 1 as contour handwheel, 913 Traversing key lock, 916
Define handwheel 2 as contour handwheel, 913 Interpolation
Define handwheel 3 as contour handwheel, 913 Linear, 661
DRF selected, 905 non-linear, 661
Handwheel 1 active as contour handwheel, 915 with G0, 660
Handwheel 2 active as contour handwheel, 915 Interpolation functions, 688
Handwheel 3 active as contour handwheel, 915 Interpolation point, 265
Handwheel active (1 to 3), 920 Interpolator
Handwheel active (1 to 3) for geometry axis, 907, path, 660
910 Shaft, 660
Handwheel direction of rotation inversion active IPOBRKA, 672
(geometry axis 1, 2, 3), 909 IPOENDA, 672
Handwheel direction of rotation inversion active IS feedrate stop / spindle stop, 763
for contour handwheel, 915
Handwheel direction of rotation inversion for
geometry axis (1, 2, 3), 902, 903 J
Handwheel direction of rotation inversion for
JOG, 458
orientation axis (1, 2, 3), 904
Approaching a fixed point, 185
Handwheel override active, 905, 919
Jog mode, 157, 161
Invert handwheel direction of rotation (machine
JOG retract, 207
axes), 918, 919
Invert handwheel direction of rotation active
(machine axes), 922
Invert handwheel direction of rotation for contour
L
handwheel, 914, 915 Language command
JOG - Approaching fixed point 0/1/2, 919 SPN, 629, 631
JOG - Approaching fixed point active, 922 SPP, 628, 630
JOG - Approaching fixed point reached, 922, 923 Language commands, 618
Machine function continuous for geometry axis (1, LEC, 267
2, 3), 902 LS (leading spindle) active, 941, 942
Machine function for geometry axis (1, 2, 3), 909
Machine function INC1, INC10, INC100, INC1000,
INC10000, INCvar, 918 M
Plus and minus traverse keys, 917
Machine axis (for handwheel 1, 2 or 3), 898
Plus and minus traversing command, 921
Manual stroke initiation, 929, 930
Plus and minus traversing command (for
MCP switchover disable, 892
orientation axis), 911, 912
MD10050, 88
Plus and minus traversing commands (for
MD10061, 88
geometry axis), 908
MD10070, 88
Plus and minus traversing keys for geometry axis
MD10071:, 88
(1, 2, 3), 901
MD10088, 346
Plus and minus traversing request, 920, 921
MD10185, 89
Plus and minus traversing request (for geometry
MD10200, 331
axis), 907, 908, 910
MD10210, 331, 744
Plus and minus traversing request (for orientation
MD10260, 125, 271, 279, 599
axis), 910, 911
MD10270, 599, 819
Rapid traverse override, 916
MD10300, 31
Rapid traverse override for geometry axis (1, 2,
MD10310, 31
3), 900
MD10320, 32, 43
MD10330, 32, 47
Extended Functions
Index
MD10350, 31, 40 MD12702, 110, 136

MD10360, 31, 40 MD12703, 110, 136
MD10361, 40 MD12704, 110, 136
MD10362, 32 MD12705, 110, 136
MD10364, 32 MD12706, 110, 136
MD10366, 32 MD12707, 110, 136
MD10368, 32 MD12708, 110, 136
MD10398, 55 MD12709, 110, 136
MD10399, 56 MD12710, 110, 136
MD10450, 600 MD12711, 110, 136
MD10460, 600, 607 MD12712, 110, 136
MD10461, 600, 607 MD12713, 110, 136
MD10470, 603 MD12714, 110, 136
MD10471, 603 MD12715, 110, 136
MD10472, 603 MD12716, 110, 136
MD10473, 603 MD12717, 110
MD1048, 605 MD12750, 106
MD10480, 604, 606 MD13211, 505
MD10485, 597, 604, 606 MD17900, 174
MD10500, 61 MD17950, 802
MD10501, 61 MD18000, 89
MD10502, 62 MD18050, 806, 807
MD10510, 61 MD18060, 804, 805
MD10511, 61 MD18096, 846, 852
MD10512, 62, 65 MD18100, 847
MD10530, 50 MD18210, 806, 807
MD10531, 50 MD18230, 803, 805
MD10540, 50 MD18351, 556
MD10541, 50 MD18352, 804, 805
MD10720, 209 MD18353, 804, 805
MD10721, 209 MD18600, 511
MD10722, 372, 684 MD18720, 80
MD10735, 188, 194, 195, 203, 209, 212 MD18960, 670
MD10900, 819 MD19250, 805
MD10910, 818 MD19251, 807
MD10920, 819 MD20070, 757
MD10930, 818 MD20100, 521
MD10940, 820, 821, 824 MD20110, 125, 213, 640
MD11300, 165 MD20150, 213, 521, 615
MD11310, 175, 176 MD20151, 213
MD11320, 166, 173 MD20254, 865
MD11322, 224 MD20350, 868
MD11324, 174 MD20360, 204, 521
MD11330, 164, 173, 220 MD20390, 255
MD11346, 173, 188, 194, 224 MD20610, 861
MD11350, 233, 234, 235 MD20620, 174
MD11351, 233, 234, 235 MD20621, 174
MD11352, 233, 234, 235 MD20624, 176, 181
MD11353, 235 MD20700, 214
MD11410, 346 MD20730, 662
MD11450, 626 MD20750, 661
MD12701, 110, 136 MD21106, 477
Extended Functions
Index
MD21150, 745 MD32300, 231, 670

MD21155, 153, 184 MD32301, 155
MD21158, 156, 185 MD32400, 790
MD21159, 156, 185 MD32402, 790
MD21160, 154, 184 MD32410, 790
MD21165, 153, 184 MD32420, 155, 661, 790
MD21166, 155, 184 MD32430, 661, 670, 790
MD21168, 156, 184 MD32431, 670
MD21220, 33, 51 MD32436, 155
MD21300, 753, 788 MD32450, 260, 261
MD21310, 788 MD32452, 261
MD21320, 770, 789 MD32454, 261
MD21330, 789 MD32456, 263
MD21340, 755, 789 MD32457, 263
MD22550, 838 MD32490, 324, 330
MD22560, 838 MD32500, 324, 325, 330
MD24120, 477 MD32510, 324, 330
MD26000, 623 MD32520, 325, 331
MD26002, 623 MD32530, 331
MD26004, 622 MD32540, 325
MD26006, 622 MD32550, 330
MD26010, 630, 634 MD32560, 330
MD26014, 629, 638 MD32570, 330
MD26016, 634 MD32610, 316, 789
MD26018, 615, 623 MD32620, 314, 775, 789
MD26020, 618, 623 MD32630, 314
MD28264, 504 MD32650, 317, 789
MD30300, 737, 743 MD32700, 266, 268, 276
MD30310, 734, 737, 738, 744 MD32710, 266, 274
MD30320, 734, 744 MD32711, 279
MD30330, 738, 739, 821, 824 MD32720, 279
MD30340, 734, 735, 738, 739 MD32730, 279
MD30455, 465, 763, 775, 791 MD32750, 255, 257, 328, 331
MD30460, 683, 686 MD32760, 256
MD30500, 818, 828 MD32800, 317, 789
MD30503, 735 MD32810, 315, 789
MD30505, 828 MD32900, 319
MD30550, 757 MD32910, 318, 790
MD30552, 367, 659 MD32960, 264
MD30600, 188 MD34080, 759, 792
MD31090, 164, 166, 174, 220, 224 MD34090, 759, 792
MD32000, 221, 661 MD34100, 759, 792
MD32010, 154 MD34210, 209, 261
MD32020, 153, 175, 181 MD35000, 753, 757
MD32040, 154, 176, 670, 817 MD35032, 870
MD32050, 153, 176, 670, 817 MD35040, 871
MD32060, 223, 659, 669 MD35220, 791
MD32074, 375 MD35230, 791
MD32080, 174 MD35242, 791
MD32084, 176 MD36100, 737
MD32090, 227 MD36110, 737
MD32200, 789 MD36610, 346
Extended Functions
Index
MD36620, 346 Measuring probe

MD36933, 178 -types, 498
MD37200, 766, 789 Measuring process, 577
MD37210, 766, 789 Measuring status, 925
MD37220, 766, 789 Memory expansion, 804
MD37230, 766, 792 Minimum interval between two consecutive
MD37500, 668 strokes, 624
MD37510, 667, 668 Minus
MD37511, 667, 668 -output cam, 589
MD38000, 268 Minus cam signals 1-32, 927
MD7200, 792 Modulo 360, 733
MEASA, MEAWA, MEAC commands, 501 Monitoring of the input signal, 623
Measurement Monitoring status with modulo rotary axes, 939
of angle in a plane ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = Monodirectional probe, 498
17), 540 Motion behavior, 688
of groove ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 12), 533 MSEC, 267
of hole ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 8), 529 Multidirectional probe (3D), 498
Of oblique edge ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 16), 539 Multiplication
of shaft ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 9), 532 Table, 274
of web ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 13), 536
Measurement input parameters, 514
Measurement interface N
Diagnostics, 521
NCK treats the axis as a positioning axis, 934
Input values, 509
NCU link active, 894, 895
Output values, 516
NCU link axis active, 895
Measurement method
No stroke enable, 929
for coordinate transformation of a position
Not transformation-specific, 489
($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 24), 551
For defining an additive rotation of the active or
selected plane ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 28), 558
For determining a triangle ($AC_MEAS_TYPE =
O
25), 555 Oblique plunge-cut grinding, 438
For restoring the value assignments of data OFFN, 419
management frames ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = Online tool offset, 856
27), 557 Online tool radius compensation:, 865
For saving data management frames with current Operating mode changeover rejected, 893
value assignments to a file ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = Operating range limits
26), 556 for circular travel in JOG, 202
Measurement of tool diameter ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = Optimization of velocity control, 436
11), 562 Orientation transformations, 487
Measurement results OS, 698
MEAC, 506 OSB, 700
MEAS, MEAW, 500 OSCILL, 706
MEASA, MEAWA, 505 Oscillating, 693
Measuring asynchronous, 693
Compensation of the delay time, 577 continuous infeed, 693
Delay time of the measuring signal, 577 with synchronized actions, 717
Maximum traversal speed, 577 Oscillating axis, 693
Measurement accuracy, 577 Oscillation active, 938
Traversal speed during the measurement, 577 Oscillation cannot start, 937
Measuring cycles, 517 Oscillation movement active, 937, 938
Measuring mode, 503 Oscillation reversal active, 937
Extended Functions
Index
OSCTRL, 699, 700 Positioning axis dynamic response, 670

OSE, 700 Position-time cams, 606
OSNSC, 700 POSP, 706
OSP, 698 Preset actual value memory, 507
OST, 699 for geo axes and special axes ($AC MEAS TYPE
Output cam = 14), 537
-pair, 589 for special axes ($AC MEAS TYPE = 15), 538
-positions, 598 Probe actuated, 925
-range, 589 Probe function test, 577
-signals, 589 Program
Output values, 508 -coordination, 351
Overwrite screen form for analog NCK outputs, 881 PTP, 463
Overwrite screen form for digital NCK outputs, 878 PTPG0, 463
PTPWOC, 463
PUNCHACC, 624
P PUTFTOC, 860
PUTFTOCF, 859
p0680, 505
p0684, 505
p0922, 505
Passive file system, 800
R
path RangeOffset, 64
-interpolator, 660 Rapid traverse
Path definition using handwheel, 224 Interpolation types, 660
Path segmentation, 628 Read offset, 763
Permanently configured coupling, 752 Redefine WCS on the oblique plane
Plane separation, 511 ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 18), 544
PLC axes, 682 Reference point approach, 229
PLC axis RELEASE, 365
axes under exclusive PLC control, 683 Release guide axis, 365
permanently assigned PLC axis, 683 Replaceable geometry axis, 401
start via FC18, 685 Response to setpoint changes, 789
PLC controls axis, 936 Resynchronization, 778
PLC service display, 500, 506 Reversal points, 693
PLC-controlled axis, 934 Rotary axes
Control response to MD30460 bits 6 and 7, 686 Absolute programming, 738, 741
Control system response, 686 Axis addresses, 731
Plus Commissioning, 743
-output cam, 589 Feedrate, 732
Plus cam signals 1-32, 927 Incremental programming, 740, 742
Position offset Mirroring, 745
In synchronous spindles, 777 Modulo 360, 733
Position switching signals, 589 Modulo conversion, 741
Lead/delay times, 600 Software limit switch, 745
Positioning axes, 654 Units of measurement, 732
Axis types, 657 RTLIOF, 662
Axis-specific signals, 683 RTLION, 662
Channel-specific signals, 683 Running-in
Concurrent, 659, 682 Channel-by-channel, 358
Dry run feedrate, 687
Maximum number, 671
Tool offset, 673
Types, 657
Extended Functions
Index
SD43920, 255, 257

Selection and deselection, 440, 457
S Selection of tool or cutting edge, 514
Separate following spindle interpolator, 753
Scratching, 507
Set reversal point, 935
SD41010, 164, 173, 220
Set value by PLC of the digital NCK outputs, 879
SD41050, 160, 816
SETM, 352, 355
SD41100, 152, 176, 670, 733, 817
Setpoint for analog NCK outputs, 885
SD41110, 153, 175
Setpoint for digital NCK outputs, 884
SD41120, 153
Setpoints, 511
SD41130, 153, 175, 744
Setting by PLC of the digital NCK inputs, 878
SD41200, 153, 181
Setting screen form for analog NCK inputs, 880
SD41300, 274
Setting screen form for analog NCK outputs, 881
SD41500, 598
Setting screen form for digital NCK outputs, 879
SD41501, 598
Setting value from PLC for analog NCK inputs, 880
SD41502, 598
Setting value from PLC for analog NCK outputs, 882
SD41503, 598
Single axes
SD41504, 598
Applications, 665
SD41505, 598
Axis control by PLC, 663
SD41506, 598
Extended retract numerically controlled, 668
SD41507, 598
Extended stop numerically controlled, 667
SD41520, 601, 607
Single block
SD41521, 601, 607
SD41522, 601
SD41523, 601
SD41524, 601
Software
SD41525, 601
-output cam, 589
SD41526, 601, 607
Sparking-out active, 937
SD41527, 601, 607
Sparking-out strokes, 693
SD41600, 51
Special features of JOG, 421
SD41601, 51
Speed monitoring, 944
SD42100, 223, 687, 695
START, 351
SD42101, 687, 695
STAT, 467
SD42300, 754, 789
Static NC memory, 799
SD42400, 621
Stop along braking ramp, 936
SD42402, 615, 623
Stop at next reversal point, 936
SD42404, 624
Stroke initiation active, 931
SD42600, 176, 670, 674, 817
Stroke inoperative, 930
SD42650, 477
Stroke suppression, 930
SD42690, 198, 204
Superimposed motion, 941
SD42691, 198, 204
Supplementary conditions, 459
SD42692, 198, 201, 202, 205
switching accuracy
SD42693, 200, 205
of the cam signals, 603
SD42694, 200, 205
Synchronism coarse, 940
SD43300, 176, 670, 674, 817
Synchronism fine, 940
SD43320, 193, 196
Synchronized state reached, 762
SD43400, 736
Synchronous mode, 751, 939, 940
SD43410, 736
Deactivate, 770
SD43600, 681
Knee-shaped acceleration characteristic, 791
SD43770, 700
Synchronous spindle
SD43790, 700
Position offset, 777
SD43900, 255
System variable, 458, 500, 505
SD43910, 255
Extended Functions
Index
Traversing range limitation for modulo rotary

axes, 938
T Traversing range limits, 736
Trigger event, 503
table
TU, 470
Compensation, 265
Telegram selection, 505
Temperature
-compensation, 252
U
-influence, 252 User-defined coupling, 752
Temperature compensation
Coefficient tanß(T), 257
Time constant V
Dynamic response adaptation, 318
Variable interface, 508
TMOF, 868
Velocity control, 441
TMON, 868
Tool change, 837
Fixed points, 839
Tool change point, 839
W
Tool change times, 837 WAITE, 352
Tool length WAITM, 352
($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 10), 560 WAITMC, 352, 354
Measurement with stored or current position WAITP, 673
($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 23), 564 Oscillating axis, 705
measurement with zoom-in function Workpiece measuring, 508
($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 22), 563
Tool measuring, 559
Two turning tools each with their own reference X
point, 565
x edge ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 1), 522
Tool monitoring
grinding-specific, 866
Tool type, 846
TRAANG, 437
Y
Restrictions, 440 y edge ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 2), 524
TRACON, 449
TRACYL, 417
Tracyl transformations, 488 Z
TRACYL_BAE_TOOL_t, 416
z edge ($AC_MEAS_TYPE = 3), 525
TRACYL_ROT_AX_OFFSET_t, 415
TRACYL_Rot_Sign_IS_PLUS_t, 415
TRANS, 743
Transformation active, 924
Transformation chain, setpoint positions, 446
Transformations
Concatenated, 449
Translation, 477
Translational offsets, 511
TRANSMIT, 401
Transmit transformations, 488
TRANSMIT_ROT_AX_OFFSET_t, 400
Travel command, 170
Travel request, 169
Traversing keys, 157
Extended Functions

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Preface

Software Version Z2: NC/PLC interface signals 19

Siemens AG Order number: 6FC5397-1BP40-5BA3 Copyright © Siemens AG 1994 - 2015.

My Documentation Manager (MDM)

Information on structure and contents

Notation of system data

Signal/Data Notation Example

Type Meaning Value range

Querying REAL variables

DEF REAL AXPOS = 123.456

2.5.2 Setting data............................................................................................................................72

4.6.3 Travel request......................................................................................................................178

4.16 Data lists..............................................................................................................................241

5.4.5 Direction-dependent leadscrew error compensation............................................................297

5.11.3.4 Signals to axis/spindle..........................................................................................................350

7.2 TRACYL cylinder surface transformation (option)................................................................406

7.8.4 List of machine data affected...............................................................................................487

8.5.4 Tool measuring....................................................................................................................559

9.6.3.2 Signals from axis/spindle.....................................................................................................609

11.3.2 Interpolation response of path axis in G0.............................................................................660

12.3.9 External oscillation reversal.................................................................................................714

14.1.2 Synchronous mode..............................................................................................................751

15.5 Configuration of the dynamic user memory.........................................................................805

19.11 Oscillation (P5).....................................................................................................................935

1.2 Industrial security

2.2 Indirect I/O access via PLC

2.2.1 Brief description

Table 2-1 Maximum number of digital and analog NC I/Os

Onboard NC I/O Total

Number of active NC I/Os

Weighting factors for analog inputs/outputs

<n>: Index for addressing the external analog I/Os (0 ... 7)

MD21220 $MC_MULTFEED_ASSIGN_FASTIN = <byte address>

<byte address> Digital NC I/Os

Example: Hardware assignment of external I/Os

Number of active NC I/O bytes

MD10350 $MN_FASTIO_DIG_NUM_INPUTS ; 2 digital input bytes + 1 onboard byte

MD10366 $MN_HW_ASSIGN_DIG_FAS‐ ; $A_IN[ 9 ] ... [ 16 ] from 1st I/O input byte

2.2.3 System variables

System variable Index or input number <n>

System variable Index or output number <n>

2.2.4 Comparator inputs

2.2.5 Digital NC I/Os

2.2.5.1 Digital inputs

● Programmed read-in disable

Read actual value

Set input from PLC

Behavior during POWER ON / reset

2.2.5.2 Digital outputs

Behavior at program end / reset

Digital NC outputs without hardware

2.2.5.3 Connection and logic operations of fast digital I/Os

MD10361 $MN_FASTIO_DIG_SHORT_CIRCUIT = '0103B502H'

2.2.6 Analog NC I/Os

2.2.6.1 Analog inputs

Read actual value

Set input from PLC

Binary analog-value display

Behavior during POWER ON / reset

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