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    Module 1: History of Civil Engineering: Learning Outcomes

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    Alexandra Charisse
    Civil engineering has existed since ancient times when humans began constructing shelters and bridges. Notable early civil engineering works include structures built by the ancient Egyptians and Romans. In the 18th century, civil engineering emerged as a distinct field. The first civil engineering schools and professional organizations were established in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in France and Britain. In the Philippines, civil engineering deals with infrastructure construction and maintenance. The Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE) was formed in 1973 through the merger of two earlier organizations and aims to unite civil engineers in the country.

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    Module 1: History of Civil Engineering: Learning Outcomes

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    Alexandra Charisse
    1K views6 pages
    Civil engineering has existed since ancient times when humans began constructing shelters and bridges. Notable early civil engineering works include structures built by the ancient Egyptians and Romans. In the 18th century, civil engineering emerged as a distinct field. The first civil engineering schools and professional organizations were established in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in France and Britain. In the Philippines, civil engineering deals with infrastructure construction and maintenance. The Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE) was formed in 1973 through the merger of two earlier organizations and aims to unite civil engineers in the country.

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    CE-401-Module-1

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    Civil engineering has existed since ancient times when humans began constructing shelters and bridges. Notable early civil engineering works include structures built by the ancient Egyptians and Romans. In the 18th century, civil engineering emerged as a distinct field. The first civil engineering schools and professional organizations were established in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in France and Britain. In the Philippines, civil engineering deals with infrastructure construction and maintenance. The Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE) was formed in 1973 through the merger of two earlier organizations and aims to unite civil engineers in the country.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    1K views6 pages

    Module 1: History of Civil Engineering: Learning Outcomes

    Uploaded by

    Alexandra Charisse
    Civil engineering has existed since ancient times when humans began constructing shelters and bridges. Notable early civil engineering works include structures built by the ancient Egyptians and Romans. In the 18th century, civil engineering emerged as a distinct field. The first civil engineering schools and professional organizations were established in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in France and Britain. In the Philippines, civil engineering deals with infrastructure construction and maintenance. The Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE) was formed in 1973 through the merger of two earlier organizations and aims to unite civil engineers in the country.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 6

    Module 1: History of Civil Engineering

    Introduction
    This lesson discusses the history of Civil Engineering and its practices. This also includes
    the brief history of Civil Engineering in the Philippines and its accredited professional
    organization, the Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers, Inc. (PICE). At the last part of this
    module, an introduction to the BS Civil Engineering Curriculum as well as the Program
    Educational Objectives (PEOs) and the Student Outcomes (SOs) were included.

    Learning Outcomes
    Intended Learning Outcome 1: Summarize the history of Civil Engineering and the profession

    Topic Outcomes:
    1. Recognize the important parts of the history of the Civil Engineering.
    2. Identify the remarkable historical structures.
    3. Discuss the history of the accredited professional organization for Civil Engineers.
    4. Familiarize with the BSCE Curriculum.

    History of Civil Engineering

    It is difficult to determine the history of emergence and beginning of civil engineering,


    however, that the history of civil engineering is a mirror of the history of human beings on this
    earth. Man used the old shelter caves to protect themselves of weather and harsh environment, and
    used a tree trunk to cross the river, which being the demonstration of ancient age civil engineering.
    Civil Engineering has been an aspect of life since the
    beginnings of human existence. The earliest practices of
    Civil engineering may have commenced between 4000 and
    2000 BC in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia (Ancient Iraq)
    when humans started to abandon a nomadic existence, thus
    causing a need for the construction of shelter. During this
    time, transportation became increasingly important leading
    to the development of the wheel and sailing.
    Until modern times there was no clear distinction between civil engg and architecture, and
    the term engineer and architect were mainly geographical variations referring to the same person,
    often used interchangeably. The construction of Pyramids in Egypt (circa 2700-2500 BC) might
    be considered the first instances of large structure constructions.
    Around 2550 BC, Imhotep, the first documented
    engineer, built a famous stepped pyramid for King
    Djoser located at Saqqara Necropolis. With simple tools
    and mathematics he created a monument that stands to
    this day. His greatest contribution to engineering was his
    discovery of the art of building with shaped stones.
    Those who followed him carried engineering to
    remarkable heights using skill and imagination.
    Ancient historic civil engineering constructions
    include the Qanat water management system (the oldest older than 3000 years and longer than 71
    km,) the Parthenon by Iktinos in Ancient Greece (447-438 BC), the Appian Way by Roman
    engineers (c. 312 BC), the Great Wall of China by General Meng T’ien under orders from Ch’in
    Emperor Shih Huang Ti (c. 220 BC) and the stupas constructed in ancient Sri Lanka like the
    Jetavanaramaya and the extensive irrigation works in Anuradhapura. The Romans developed civil
    structures throughout their empire, including especially aqueducts, insulae, harbours, bridges,
    dams and roads.
    Other remarkable historical structures are Sennacherib's Aqueduct at Jerwan built in 691
    BC; Li Ping's irrigation projects in China (around 220 BC); Julius Caesar's Bridge over the Rhine
    River built in 55 BC, numerous bridges built by other Romans in and around Rome(e.g. the pons
    Fabricius); Pont du Gard (Roman Aqueduct, Nimes, France) built in 19 BC; the extensive system
    of highways the Romans built to facilitate trading and (more importantly) fast manoeuvring of
    legions; extensive irrigation system constructed by the Hohokam Indians, Salt River, AZ around
    600 AD; first dykes defending against high water in Friesland, The Netherlands around 1000 AD;
    El Camino Real - The Royal Road, Eastern Branch, TX and Western Branch, NM (1500s AD).
    Machu Picchu, Peru, built at around 1450, at the
    height of the Inca Empire is considered an engineering
    marvel. It was built in the Andes Mountains assisted by
    some of history’s most ingenious water resource
    engineers. The people of Machu Picchu built a mountain
    top city with running water, drainage systems, food
    production and stone structures so advanced that they
    endured for over 500years.
    A treatise on Architecture, Book
    called Vitruvius' De Archiectura, was
    published at 1AD in Rome and survived
    to give us a look at engineering education in ancient times. It was probably
    written around 15 BC by the Roman architect Vitruvius and dedicated to his
    patron, the emperor Caesar Augustus, as a guide for building projects.
    Throughout ancient and medieval history most architectural design and
    construction was carried out by artisans, such as stonemasons and carpenters,
    rising to the role of master builder. Knowledge was retained in guilds and seldom supplanted by
    advances. Structures, roads and infrastructure that existed were repetitive, and increases in scale
    were incremental.
    One of the earliest examples of a scientific approach to physical and mathematical
    problems applicable to civil engineering is the work of Archimedes in the 3rd century BC,
    including Archimedes Principle, which underpins our understanding of buoyancy, and practical
    solutions such as Archimedes’ screw. Brahmagupta, an Indian mathematician, used arithmetic in
    the 7th century AD, based on Hindu-Arabic numerals, for excavation (volume) computations.

    Educational & Institutional history of civil engineering

    In the 18th century, the term civil engineering was coined to incorporate all things civilian
    as opposed to military engineering. The first engineering school, The National School of Bridges
    and Highways, France, was opened in 1747. The first self-proclaimed civil engineer was John
    Smeaton who constructed the Eddystone Lighthouse. In 1771, Smeaton and some of his colleagues
    formed the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers, a group of leaders of the profession who met
    informally over dinner. Though there was evidence of some technical meetings, it was little more
    than a social society.
    In 1818, world’s first engineering society, the Institution of Civil
    Engineers was founded in London, and in 1820 the eminent engineer
    Thomas Telford became its first president. The institution received a
    Royal Charter in 1828, formally recognizing civil engineering as a
    profession. Its charter defined civil engineering as: “Civil engineering is
    the application of physical and scientific principles, and its history is
    intricately linked to advances in understanding of physics and
    mathematics throughout history. Because civil engineering is a wide
    ranging profession, including several separate specialized sub-disciplines, its history is linked to
    knowledge of structures, material science, geography, geology, soil, hydrology, environment,
    mechanics and other fields.”
    The first private college to teach Civil Engineering in the United States was Norwich
    University founded in 1819 by Captain Alden Partridge. The first degree in Civil Engineering in
    the United States was awarded by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1835. The first such degree
    to be awarded to a woman was granted by Cornell University to Nora Stanton Blatch in 1905.[1]

    Civil Engineering in the Philippines and A Brief History of Philippine Institute Civil
    Engineers, Inc. (PICE)

    Civil Engineering is a professional discipline that deals with the design constructions,
    including works like roads, bridges, pipelines, railways, canals, dams, sewage systems, airport and
    etc. Civil Engineering also deals with the maintenance of the physical and natural built of the
    environment, durability, and the safety in the field structure. Civil Engineers are united through
    the mandate of organization of Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers and is usually called PICE.
    This organization aims to build strong foundation among all Civil Engineers in the Philippines.
    Civil Engineering is a professional discipline that deals with the design constructions,
    including works like roads, bridges, pipelines, railways, canals, dams, sewage systems, airport and
    etc. Civil Engineering also deals with the maintenance of the physical and natural built of the
    environment, durability, and the safety in the field structure. Civil Engineers are united through
    the mandate of organization of Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers and is usually called PICE.
    This organization aims to build strong foundation among all Civil Engineers in the Philippines.

    Brief History of PICE

    December 11,1973 PICE was issued a certicate of


    registration to culminate and fulfill the vision to merge the two
    separate organizations in the country, Philippine Society of Civil
    Engineers (PSCE) and Philippine Association of Civil
    Engineers (PACE).
    PSCE
    Philippine Society of Civil Engineers (PSCE) was the
    first Civil Engineering organization in the country formed by a
    group of Civil Engineers mostly from the government sector and
    was headed by Engr. Marcial Kasilag who holds the 1st slot in
    the PRC Registry of Civil Engineers. PSCE was formed during
    the late twenties.
    PACE
    In 1937, another group of Civil Engineers came and formed the Philippine Association of
    Civil Engineers (PACE). They came mostly from private sector and Enrique Sto. Tomas Cortes
    led the said group and be the first president of the organization. The main objectives of the
    organization is to ascend the standards of the profession, inspire research and engineering
    knowledge and technology to members, foster good fellowship among members, and promote
    better relationship and communication with other technological and scientific societies.
    PSCE and PACE as one
    Philippine Association of Civil Engineers (PACE) proved that they are more active than
    Philippine Society of Civil Engineers (PSCE) resulting to migration of members from PSCE to
    PACE. Under the administration of the late PACE president Cesar A. Caliwara when he exerted
    more effort to merge the two organization, calling both panel of representative to convene and
    commence a series of conversation to make a new and united organization that will benefit the
    entire Civil Engineers and Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE) came and formed.

    PICE Objectives and Goals

    PICE aims to conscientiously advance the interest


    and promote the welfare of members, promote prestige and
    public awareness of the profession, and enhance social
    responsibility and community involvement of Civil
    Engineers. PICE also observes integrity, professionalism,
    excellence, social responsibility and leadership as their core
    values that must be develop and exercise among the
    members of the organization.[2]
    Introduction to BS Civil Engineering as a Bachelor Program and as a Profession

    Curriculum Description
    Civil Engineering is a profession that applies the basic principles of science in
    conjunction with mathematical and computational tools to solve problems associated with
    developing and sustaining civilized life on our planet.
    The Civil Engineering curriculum is designed to prepare graduates to apply knowledge
    of mathematics, calculus-based physics, chemistry, and at least one additional area of basic
    science, consistent with the Program Educational Objectives; apply knowledge of technical
    areas appropriate to civil engineering; conduct civil engineering experiments and analyze and
    interpret the resulting data; design a system component, or process in more than one civil
    engineering context; explain basic concepts in management, business, public policy, and
    leadership; and explain the importance of professional licensure.
    The BSCE Curriculum of Batangas State University (BatStateU) has a total of 188 credit
    unit usually completed with eight (8) semesters and two (2) Midterm classes.
    BatStateU – Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering has five (5) options of tracks/
    specializations namely:
    1. Structural Engineering
    2. Construction Engineering and Management
    3. Water Resources Engineering
    4. Geotechnical Engineering
    5. Transportation Engineering

    Program Educational Objectives


    The graduates of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering within three to five years after
    graduation shall:
    1. successfully participate as partners in nation-building in engineering projects
    involving structural, geotechnical, water resources, transportation and construction
    management; and
    2. adhere to professional, moral and ethical standards in the practice of civil engineering

    Student Outcomes
    1. An ability to identify, formulate, and solve complex engineering problems by applying
    principles of engineering, science and mathematics.
    2. An ability to apply engineering design to produce solutions that meet specific needs with
    consideration of public health, safety and welfare, as well as global, cultural, social,
    environmental and economic factors.
    3. An ability to communicate effectively with a range of audiences.
    4. An ability to recognize ethical and professional responsibilities in engineering situations
    and make informed judgments which must consider the impact of engineering solutions
    in global, economic, environmental, and societal contexts.
    5. An ability to function effectively on a team whose members together provide leadership,
    create collaborative and inclusive environment, establish goals , plan tasks and meet
    objectives.
    6. An ability to develop and conduct appropriate experimentation, analyze and interpret
    data, and use engineering judgment to draw conclusions.
    7. An ability to acquire and apply new knowledge as needed, using appropriate learning
    strategies.

    References:
    [1] http://www.thecivilengg.com/History.php
    [2] https://steemit.com/engineering/@rigor/civil-engineering-and-a-brief-history-of-pice

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