An illustrated approach to TECHNICAL DRAWING - Book 1

S1 HOLIDAY NOTES AND EXERCISE Practice Question:

INSTRUCTIONS 1. Construct an equilateral triangle of sides 60mm

- Working with your parents or Gaurdians read the notes 2. Costruct a triangle of all sides 55mm
and follow the steps to construct the worked example
given.
-After understanding the example, attempt the practice
questions given in the rectangular box in the top of
each page.
- present the work on reporting day for marking.
C C
STEP 1 STEP 2
THE VIRUS CAN NOT DEFEAT HUMANITY: WE Draw line AB equal to CAB is the required
SHALL BEAT IT SOON. Stay safe and see you again length of sides (40mm). triangle
With compass radius open
soon. to distance AB make arcs
from A and then B to
TRIANGLES intersect at point C above
The triangle is a plane figure bounded by three straight line AB.
sides.
A B A B
TYPES OF TRIANGLES
1. A scalene triangle: This is a triangle with three 3.1 EQUILATERAL
unequal sides and three unequal angles.
TRIANGLE GIVEN ONE
C
2. An isosceles triangle: This is a triangle with two SIDE STEP 3
sides and hence two angles equal. Make the required lines bold
and print the heading below
the drawing in guiding lines
3. An equilateral triangle: This is a triangle with all Example: 5mm apart
sides, and hence all the angles, equal. Construct an equilateral
triangle of sides 40mm.
4. A right angled triangle: This is a triangle
containing one right angle. The side opposite the A B
right-angle is called the hypotenuse. EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE
MUTEBI RONALD
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Chapter 3: TRIANGLES
An illustrated approach to TECHNICAL DRAWING - Book 1

3.2 TRIANGLE GIVEN THE BASE ANGLES AND ALTITUDE

Practice Question:
Example:
1.a) Construct a triangle of of altitude 30mm and base
Construct a triangle of altitude 40mm and base angles 60o and 45o
angles 75o and 37.5o.
b) Measure and state the length of the base of the
STEP 1
Draw line AB and then construct CD STEP 2 triangle above.
parallel to AB so that the distance From any point E on line CD, construct 2. Construct an isosceles triangle that has a perimeter of
the two base angles (CEF=45o and
between them is equal to the given 150mm and altitude 40mm
altitude (40mm). DEG=60o) to cut Line AB at points
F and G
C D C
E
D
STEP 3 C
E
D
EFG is the required
triangle. Make the
required lines bold
and print the head-
ing below the draw-
ing in guiding lines
A B A F G B 5mm apart A F G B

3.3 ISOSCELES TRIANGLE GIVEN THE PERIMETER AND THE ALTITUDE TRIANGLE

Example: STEP 3
CDE is the required triangle. Make
Construct an isosceles triangle of perimeter 160mm and altitude 50mm. the required lines bold and print the
heading below the drawing in guid-
STEP 1 STEP 2 ing lines 5mm apart
C C C
Draw line AB equal to half Join AC and bisect it to
the given perimeter (80mm) cut AB at point D.
and erect a perpendicular Produce DB to get point
at B. Make BC equal to the E such that BE=DB
given altitude (50mm).

D
B B E D B E
A A A

TRIANGLE
MUTEBI RONALD
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Chapter 3: TRIANGLES
An illustrated approach to TECHNICAL DRAWING - Book 1

3.4 ISOSCELES TRIANGLE GIVEN THE LENGTH OF THE

BASE AND PERPENDICULAR HEIGHT (ALTITUDE) Practice Question:
Example:
1.Construct a triangle of altitude 45mm and base
Construct a triangle of altitude 30mm and base 40mm
lenth 50mm

2. Construct a triangle of altitude 30mm and sides 45mm

STEP 1 STEP 2 and 55mm.
Draw line AB equal With the compass at D and
to given base length open to distance equal to
(40mm). Bisect AB to get given altitude (30mm), STEP 3
C C
point D mark off point C. CAB is the required
triangle. Make the
required lines bold
and print the head-
ing below the draw-
A D B A D B ing in guiding lines A D B
5mm apart
TRIANGLE

3.5 TRIANGLE GIVEN THE LENGTH OF TWO SIDES AND THE ALTITUDE
Example:
Construct a triangle of altitude 40mm and and sides 50mm and 60mm.
STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3
Draw line AB of any With the compass open to given CDE is the required triangle.
length and erect a per- altitude mark off point C on the per- C Make the required lines bold C
pendicular at any point pendicular. With compass at C and and print the heading below
on line AB open to the given sides mark off points the drawing in guiding lines
D and E on line AB. (extend AB if you 5mm apart
have to)
A B A D E B A D E B

TRIANGLE
MUTEBI RONALD
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Chapter 3: TRIANGLES
An illustrated approach to TECHNICAL DRAWING - Book 1

3.6 TRIANGLE GIVEN THE BASE, ALTITUDE AND THE

VERTICAL ANGLE Practice Questions:
Example:
1.Construct a triangle with base of 55mm, and altitude of
Construct a triangle of base 80mm, altitude 50mm and vertical angle 60o.
62mm and a vertical angle of 37.5o

2. Construct a triangle with a base measuring 62mm, an

STEP 1 altitude of 50mm and a vertical angle of 75o.
Draw line AB equal to given base (80mm),
then construct angle BAC equal to given A B
vertical angle (60o).

STEP 4
GAB is the required triangle. Make
the required lines bold and print the
heading below the drawing in guid-
C
ing lines 5mm apart
STEP 2
Erect line AD perpendicular to line AC
and bisect line AB to cut AD at point O.
G G
E F E F

D D D

O O O

A B B A B
A
STEP 3
Draw line EF parallel to line AB so that
the distance between them is equal to the TRIANGLE
given altitude (50mm). With the compass
at O open to distance OB, draw a circle to
cut EF at point G
C C C

MUTEBI RONALD
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Chapter 3: TRIANGLES
An illustrated approach to TECHNICAL DRAWING - Book 1

3.7 TRIANGLE GIVEN THE PERIMETER AND THE RATIO

OF THE SIDES Practice Questions:
Example:
1.Construct a triangle with a perimeter measuring 160mm
Construct a triangle of perimeter 150mm and sides in the ratio of 4:3:4
and sides in the ratio 3:5:6.
2. Construct a triangle with a perimeter of 125mm whose
sides are in the ratio 2:4:5.
STEP 1 4 3 4
Draw line AB equal to given
A C D B
perimeter (150mm) and divide it
into the given ratio (4:3:4). see
Ex. 2.8 on how to divide a line
into a given ratio. This gives you
points C and D on line AB.

E E

4 3 4 4 3 4
A C D B A C D B

STEP 3
ECD is the required triangle. Make
the required lines bold and print the
heading below the drawing in guid-
ing lines 5mm apart
STEP 2
With center C and compass
radius CA draw an arc. Then TRIANGLE
with center D and compass
radius DB draw another arc
to intersect the first one at
point E.

MUTEBI RONALD
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Chapter 3: TRIANGLES
An illustrated approach to TECHNICAL DRAWING - Book 1

3.8 TRIANGLE GIVEN THE PERIMETER, THE ALTITUDE

AND THE VERTICAL ANGLE Practice Questions:
Example:
1.Construct a triangle with a perimeter measuring 115mm
Construct a triangle of perimeter 140mm, altitude 30mm and vertical
altitude 40mm and the vertical angle is 45o
angle 30o
STEP 1 2. Construct a triangle with a perimeter of 130mm,
Construct angle CBA equal to vertical angle 75o and altitude 45mm.
the given vertical angle (30o) and STEP 2
make the length of CB and AB Erect perpendiculars at C STEP 3
equal to half the perimeter (70mm) and A to meet at point O With center O and radius
C C OC (= OA) draw a circle. C
Then with center B ra-
dius equal to given altitude
O (30mm) draw another circle O

A B A B A B

Tangent Tangent
C C
F F

O O

STEP 4 A D B A D B
Construct a common
internal tangent between STEP 5
the two circles to cut line FDB is the required triangle.
AB at D and cut line BC at Make the required lines bold and
F. (see Ex 7.5 about con- print the heading below the draw-
structing tangents) ing in guiding lines 5mm apart
TRIANGLE
MUTEBI RONALD
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Chapter 3: TRIANGLES
An illustrated approach to TECHNICAL DRAWING - Book 1

3.9 TRIANGLE SIMILAR TO ANOTHER TRIANGLE BUT

WITH A DIFFERENT PERIMETER Practice Questions:
1.a) Construct a triangle with a base measuring 62mm,
Example: altitude of 50mm and a vertical angle of 60o.
Construct a triangle of altitude 40mm and base angles 60o and 45o and b) Draw a triangle similar that in 1(a) but with a
then draw a similar triangle with a perimeter of 140mm perimeter 250mm.

STEP 1 STEP 2 2. Construct a triangle with a perimeter of 130mm, and

Construct the triangle. see Ex.3.2 With the compas at A radius AC, draw an arc sides in a ratio 2:3:4 and draw a similar one with a
on how to construct the triangle to cut AB extended at D. With the compas at B perimeter of 150mm.
radius BC, draw an arc to cut AB extended at E.

C C C

A B D A B E D A B E

C C H

STEP 3
Draw a line DF (at
G
any angle) with
D A B E D A B E length equal to new
perimeter (140mm).
F
Join point F to E.
K K Draw lines from A
H H
STEP 4 and B parallel to FE
With the compas at to cut line DF at H
H and radius HD, STEP 5 and G
draw an arc. With KHG is the required triangle.
the compas at G G G Make the required lines bold
radius GF, draw an and print the heading below
arc to intersect the
TRIANGLE the drawing in guiding lines
F F
first arc at K. 5mm apart.
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