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RELATED LITERATURE
Foreign
According to Coyle & Vaughn et al, (2013); Social media is a virtual platform that
helps people to make new connections, to improve friendly relations with other humans,
and to exchange information. Social networking sites (SNS), have become popular with
the help of digital technologies (tablet, smartphone, notebook, etc.) and internet
recently.
Based on the study Boyd & Ellison (2014), mentioned that many social
networking sites (Blogs, Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, Twitter, Youtube, etc.) are
using at the present time. One of the most popular sites is Facebook. The statistical
data showed that there are more than 500 million people with Facebook membership
and the majority of them are members of other social networking sites besides
approximately 250 million of these memberships visit Facebook site in each day at least
one time.
As social media becomes an integral part of people in daily lives. Raacke,

Williams, Marten et al, (2015); indicated that people have a social networking sites
account based on different reasons (making new friends, following famous people,
sharing personal information, commenting the events, etc.). These people addicted to
SNS are called as “heavy users”. Many studies were conducted to determine the
positive and negative effects of social networking sites. Schill (2013), reported that
social media has the negative impacts (anxiety, behavioral changes, mental health
problems, psychological effect, severe loss ofpersonal productivity, stress, a sense of
guilt and crisis, etc.) on adolescents. Bryant et al.,(2014), indicated that many
adolescents preferred technological communication in order to express their feelings
and thoughts instead of using face to face communication.
In a more specific perspective, Boyd (2014), reported that people using

technology started it out as a hobby but for some computer literate people it has
become a social norm and way of life for people from all over the world. Teenagers and
young adults have especially embraced these sites as a way to connect with their
peers, share information, reinvent their personalities, and showcase their social lives.
With the increase oftechnology used for communicating with others and the popularity
of the Internet, Coyle (2008) concluded that, “Social Networking” has become an activity
that is done primarily on the Internet, with sites like Twitter, Facebook, Instagram,
Snapchat, and Skype.
In the conducted study, Young and Vasalou et al., (2013); stated that many
people actively participate in content generation and value creation, that’s the reason
why they examined their profiles to determine why and to what extent they are keen on
posting their entire identity, sharing pictures and videos, and indicating their religious
affiliations, marital status, and political orientations on the internet. These users interact
with others, exchange information about their interests, raised discussions about new
topics, follows news about specific topics on different Social Networking Sites.
Algawait E., (2015) stated that social media is a popular method for
communication amongst university students in Saudi Arabia. However, excessive social
media use can raise questions about whether academic performance is affected. The
results demonstrated that there was no linear relationship between
social media usage in a week and GPA score. Students highlighted that besides social
media use, time management is a factor which affects students’ studies.
According to Lewis (2015), Teenagers now use the Internet for the majority of
their daily activities and information gathering, as opposed to older generations who
used resources like the television or newspaper. Kist (2013), mentioned that a recent
survey showed that approximately ninety percent of teens in the United States have
Internet access, and about seventy-five percent of these teens use the Internet more
than once per day. This study also showed that approximately half of all teens who have
Internet access are also members of social networking sites, and use the Internet to
make plans and socialize with friends. In September, 2013, out of total adult internet
users (18-29 years) 16% were those who were using any social networking site and this
percentage increased to 86% on May, 2013.
Tuckman (2014), defined performance as the apparent demonstration of

understanding, concepts, skills, ideas and knowledge of a person and proposed that
grades clearly depict the performance of a student. Hence, their academic performance
must be managed efficiently keeping in view all the factors that can positively or
negativelyaffect their educational performance. Use of technology such as internet is
one of the most important factors that can influence educational performance of
students positively or adversely. Shah et al. (2015), proposed that student users are
affected by the internet and this impact is determined by the type of internet usage.
They are positively affected by the informative use of internet while having drastic
impact of recreational use of internet on them. Also, Oskouei (2014), proposed that
internet is advantageous to both students and teachers if used as a tool of knowledge
creation and dissemination. Several studies have been done regarding social
networking and grades. Martin (2014), declared that
Whittemore School of Business and Economics recently conducted a survey of

over 1,000 students. They asked questions regarding which social network sites were
used, how much time they spent on a site, what their grade point average (GPA) was,
and what they were going to school for. It was concluded that there is no correlation
between how much time is spent on a social networking site and grades. The
University of New Hampshire agrees, and believes that current college students grew
up in the technology era and social networking is now just a part of a student's daily
routine. Their research show that '63% of heavy users received high grades,
compared to 65% of light users' (U of NH, 2014). The University of New Hampshire,
said that a majority of students use social networking for social connections and
entertainment, but are also using it for education and professional reasons.
Kirschnera, revealed that students who multi-task between social networking sites and
homework are likely to have 20% lower grades than a student who does not have a
social networking site in visual range. Kirschnera believes that even running a social
networking site on the background on a student's PC while studying or doing
homework could lower a student's grade.
Enriquez (2013), Believes that "the problem is that most people have Facebook
or other social networking sites, their e-mails and maybe instant messaging constantly
running in the background while they are carrying out their tasks". Based on
(21stcenturyscholar.org), American Educational Research Association conducted a
research and it was declared on its annual conference in San Diego, California (2014)
that SNSs users study less and generated lower grades eventually.
Similarly, Banquil et al., (2013), found a continuing drop of grades among student
users of social networking sites. However, many researchers also found a positive
association between use of internet and SNS and academic performance of the student
users. Linda et al., (2015); mentioned that students, using internet frequently, scored
higher on reading skills test and had higher grades as well. An ever increasing growth
rate of SNS not only calls for the parental and teacher monitoring of student users but
also attracting the focus of academicians and researchers towards this phenomenon.
Bugeja and Cariccioso et al., (2015), declared that student’s use of social
networking continues to create challenges and issues for higher education professionals
and keeping abreast of these challenges has proved difficult because of the speed at
which new technologies are being introduced There is evidence that higher education
institutions have taken initiatives in disclosing information about online social networking
involvement to their students. An example is Cornell University’s given by Mitrano
(2014), stating the “Thoughts on Facebook”, which creates students awareness about
the responsible use of online social networking. Following Cornell University, Kord
(2013), proclaimed that many institutions have adopted this approach that informed
students by using anecdotal literature to guide their actions. The study looks at Social
networks in relation to its impact on academic needs. Social networks are studied with
an educational context; they are part of a virtual learning environment. The classroom is
shifting in time and space with e learning. The rampant use of social networks for
learning purposes by students makes this study imperative. SNS are part of this virtual
learning environment
Local
Davin, Garcia, Guillen, Maitem, Salvaleon (2017), revealed that majority of the
respondent experienced negative effects such as less study time and due to the heavy
participation rate on social media networks. In addition, there was a high addiction rate
among students in the usage of social media networks. The researcher used the
multiple choice questionnaires and frequency questionnaire in gathering the data. In a
said study, the results showed that the respondents study habit and academic
performance were to high extent influenced by social networking. He defined how Social
Media affects the school performances of the students.
Tamayoand Dela Cruz (2014), specified that Social Media is considered as

phenomenal in today’s generation. It conquers the world by storm and became more
popular to the youth of most nations including the Philippines. This research aims to
study the relationship of Social Media in relation to the Academic Performance of the
students of Bachelor of Science in Information technology at Centro Escolar University-
Malolos. The results is there are more frequent user of Social Media among the
respondents participated in the study.
According to Acuta,et al (2017), this study was carried out to determine if the
students’ academic performance is affected by their internet usage. For the results, the
researchers recommend that Educators may encourage students to use the internet by
giving them assignment, projects, and online quizzes.
In the advent of internet technology, social communication using the internet

became the frontier of daily communication, collaboration and networking. Morallo
(2014), stated out that all students in Lyceum of the Philippines, Laguna have Facebook
accounts and were significantly registered to more than one SNSs account. He found
out that the higher the time spent on SNSs showed the lower is the time spent on
studying. He also stated that SNSs usage had no significant relationship on student
academic performance.
According to the study conducted by Tamayo and Dela Cruz (2014), there is a
correlation between student’s academic performance and their usage of social media. In
their study, they randomly selected a total of 138 students as their respondents. Out of
the 138 respondents, 44.3% are those who use social media occasionally, and 55.7%
are those who use social media frequently. The results of their study showed that those
who use social media occasionally tends to concentrate on school work, and they
performed better in school than those who frequently use social media.
Judilla and Gemora (2015) mentioned in their study which entitled “The Influence
of Social Networking on the Study Habits and Performance of Students in a State
University”, that social networking highly influence students regardless of their age, sex,
and socio-economic status. Based on the end results of their study, they found that
their chosen respondents’ study habits and academic performance were highly
influenced by social networking.
To be able to adapt to the changing era on technology – assisted education,

students must possess the necessary knowledge and foundation regarding to the
modern technology. Based from this inference, the researchers sought answers or
solutions, which are concerned with the effects of utilizing current technology onlevel III
nursing students of Manila Central University in their knowledge, skills and attitude. The
thesis is, in addition, determines the extent of knowledge the students have regarding
modern technology. This study is a quantitative research design, non – experimental:
descriptive correlational. The sampling design employed was non – probability
specifically purposive sampling design. Our sample is composed of the level III nursing
students; with a total of 52 samples which are all officially enrolled in Manila Central
University for the school year 2013 – 2014. The data were obtained through
disseminating self – report method, specifically self – administered questionnaires
divided into 3 parts. The first part aimed to determine the monthly allowance of the
respondents, the second part is about the extent of utilization and the third part is about
the level of knowledge of the students in terms of the web, hardware, and software. All
ethical considerations were observed during the data collection. For the presentation of
the data, descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution table and relative
percentage was used. For testing the hypotheses of this study, the researchers used
inferential statistics applicable for ordinal data which is the Goodman and Kruskal’s
Gamma. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between the level
III nursing students’ monthly allowance and level of knowledge about modern
technology and their extent of utilization of modern technology in their learning activities.
Based on the following results of the study, the researchers’ recommendations about
the use of technology are by, using and managing appropriate technological processes
and resources in facilitating learning and improving performance. Other
recommendations will be by using modern technology for distance learning to help
students in their studies and lastly the use of websites for added opportunity to take
learning outside of the classroom and into any place that has internet
connections.Computers, video games and the internet become part of our daily living
computer usage has reached beyond work and is now a major source of fun and
entertainment. Most people, computer use play a major part of their lives in a balance
healthy manner that can cause a great impact in a life of an individual. When a person
spends up to 10 hours a day or more major social school or work disruption will result.
The psychologists labeled video game and internet addiction as Internet Addiction
Disorder (IAD). Computer addictions like any addiction can creep up on a person
without being aware of it.
REFERENCES:
Fatema,J.(February,2014); Research on Effect of Social Media on Academic

Performance: Study on the students of University of Dhaka. Retrieved
from:https://www.scribd.com/document/255145543/Reaserch-on-Effect-of-Social-
Media-on-Academic-Performance-Study-on-the-students-of-University-of-Dhaka
Course BB.(January,2017);The effects of social media on student performance.

Morallo (2014).The Effects of Social Networking Sites on Students Academic
Performances. Retrived from:https://www.coursebb.com/2017/01/01/literature-review-
the-effects-of-social-media-on-student-performance/
Davin, Garcia, et al; (2017). Social Media and Its Effect to the Study Habit of the
Students.
Retrievedfrom:http://www.academia.edu/31753483/SOCIAL_MEDIA_UTILIZATION_AN
D_ITS_EFFECT_TO_THE_STUDY_HABIT_OF_THE_STUDENTS
Tamayo et. al (2014). The Relationship of Social Media with the Academic Performance
of Bachelor of Science in Information Technology Students of Centro Escolar University
Malolos Retrieved from:http://www.ijsrp.org/research-paper-0514/ijsrp-p29125.pdf

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RELATED LITERATURE

As social media becomes an integral part of people in daily lives. Raacke,

In a more specific perspective, Boyd (2014), reported that people using

Tuckman (2014), defined performance as the apparent demonstration of

Whittemore School of Business and Economics recently conducted a survey of

Tamayoand Dela Cruz (2014), specified that Social Media is considered as

In the advent of internet technology, social communication using the internet

To be able to adapt to the changing era on technology – assisted education,

Fatema,J.(February,2014); Research on Effect of Social Media on Academic

Course BB.(January,2017);The effects of social media on student performance.

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