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    Mullite and Other Alumino-Silicate Refractories Vis-À-Vis Alumina - Silica (Al2O3 - Sio2) Binary Phase Diagram

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    uvsarathi
    Mullite is an important aluminosilicate mineral that is formed naturally or through firing combinations of aluminosilicate raw materials. It has the chemical formula 3Al2O3-2SiO2 and is an important constituent in aluminosilicate refractories. The aluminosilicate phase diagram shows that above 73% alumina, mullite and alumina are present, while below 70% alumina, mullite and silica are present. Varying the alumina to silica ratio allows for different refractory properties. Mullite refractories are widely used due to their high load bearing capacity, volume stability at high temperatures, and resistance to glass, metals,

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    Mullite and Other Alumino-Silicate Refractories Vis-À-Vis Alumina - Silica (Al2O3 - Sio2) Binary Phase Diagram

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    uvsarathi
    47 views5 pages
    Mullite is an important aluminosilicate mineral that is formed naturally or through firing combinations of aluminosilicate raw materials. It has the chemical formula 3Al2O3-2SiO2 and is an important constituent in aluminosilicate refractories. The aluminosilicate phase diagram shows that above 73% alumina, mullite and alumina are present, while below 70% alumina, mullite and silica are present. Varying the alumina to silica ratio allows for different refractory properties. Mullite refractories are widely used due to their high load bearing capacity, volume stability at high temperatures, and resistance to glass, metals,

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    Mullite is an important aluminosilicate mineral that is formed naturally or through firing combinations of aluminosilicate raw materials. It has the chemical formula 3Al2O3-2SiO2 and is an important constituent in aluminosilicate refractories. The aluminosilicate phase diagram shows that above 73% alumina, mullite and alumina are present, while below 70% alumina, mullite and silica are present. Varying the alumina to silica ratio allows for different refractory properties. Mullite refractories are widely used due to their high load bearing capacity, volume stability at high temperatures, and resistance to glass, metals,

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    47 views5 pages

    Mullite and Other Alumino-Silicate Refractories Vis-À-Vis Alumina - Silica (Al2O3 - Sio2) Binary Phase Diagram

    Uploaded by

    uvsarathi
    Mullite is an important aluminosilicate mineral that is formed naturally or through firing combinations of aluminosilicate raw materials. It has the chemical formula 3Al2O3-2SiO2 and is an important constituent in aluminosilicate refractories. The aluminosilicate phase diagram shows that above 73% alumina, mullite and alumina are present, while below 70% alumina, mullite and silica are present. Varying the alumina to silica ratio allows for different refractory properties. Mullite refractories are widely used due to their high load bearing capacity, volume stability at high temperatures, and resistance to glass, metals,

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    of 5

    MULLITE AND OTHER ALUMINO-

    SILICATE REFRACTORIES VIS-À-VIS


    ALUMINA - SILICA (AL2O3 - SIO2)
    BINARY PHASE DIAGRAM
    Alumino-Silicate Refractories

    Aluminosilicate or Alumino-Silicate minerals are the naturally occurring

    compounds mainly composed of aluminium, silicon and oxygen. These

    minerals are the major constituents of Kaolin and clay minerals. Besides

    Fireclay, Kyanite, Sillimanite, Andalusite and Mullite are some alumino-

    silicate minerals which constitute the main raw materials for Alumino-

    Silicate refractories.

    By themselves, these minerals especially sillimanite and Andalusite have

    a high melting point, low coefficient of expansion after heating and

    excellent resistance to alkaline melts. Kyanite, Sillimanite, Andalusite

    and all other sillimanite group of minerals break down at or below

    1545OC and yield Mullite. Mullite is 3Al2O3.2SiO2(71.8% Alumina,

    28.2% Silica by weight), and is found naturally or is formed by firing


    combinations of alumino-silicate raw materials or aluminous raw

    materials.

    From the Alumina - Silica (Al2O3 - SiO2) phase diagram below, it is

    clear that a mullite material with more than 73 wt% Alumina (Al2O3)

    will consist of mullite and alumina. Below 70 wt% Alumina (Al2O3), the

    material will contain mullite and silica. In these two cases, the

    temperatures at which the liquid will first appear are radically different.

    By varying the alumina and silica ratio in alumino-silicate refractories, a

    wide range of properties can be realized. Low-alumina, high-silica

    refractories are used in areas where high strength at service temperature

    is required such as steel ingot soaking pits.

    Alumino-Silicate refractories with 30 - 45% alumina (Fireclay

    refractories) have high-temperature volume stability and strength,

    excellent resistance to thermal spalling etc. because of which fireclay

    refractories are widely used in various metallurgical and non-

    metallurgical industries, furnace back-up lining and so on.


    Fig: Versions of the binary phase diagram of the

    Alumina - Silica (Al2O3 - SiO2) system proposed from time to time

    (a) Bowen and Grieg, Schairer

    (b) Aramaki and Roy

    (c) Aksay and Pask


    A Review of Previous Work on Alumina - Silica (Al2O3 - SiO2) Phase

    Diagram in relation to the Formation of Mullite

    The Alumina - Silica (Al2O3 - SiO2) refractory oxides system has been the subject

    of several investigations in the past. Though many papers were presented on the

    melting relations and range of composition of mullite, it remained a matter of

    controversy about the diagram in the region of the compound mullite (3Al2O3 :

    2SiO2) as has been discussed by Aramaki and Roy [Journal of American Ceramic

    Society, 45(5), 1962, p.229]. The first equilibrium diagram for the Alumina - Silica

    (Al2O3 - SiO2) system presented by Bowen and Grieg [Journal of American

    Ceramic Society, 7(4), 1924, p.238] as shown in the adjacent phase diagram fig

    (a), shows incongruent melting of mullite. Other significant features which could

    not be explained on the basis of this phase diagram, e.g. deviation from

    stoichiometry of the composition of mullite found in refractory bricks, and

    the crystallization of mullite from a melt of its compositional range, could now be

    understood with the modifications introduced in the phase diagram by Aksay and

    Pask [Journal of American Ceramic Society, 58(11 - 12), 1975, p.507] as shown in

    fig (c). According to this phase diagram showing the stable phases (solid line) and

    two meta-stable versions (dashed and dot-dashed lines) in the Alumina - Silica

    (Al2O3 - SiO2) system, mullite melts incongruently at the peritectic 1828OC on the

    International Practical Temperature Scale of 1968 (IPTS-68) to a liquid containing


    about 53 wt% Alumina, which is far from the compositional range of stable mullite

    solid solution (70.5 - 74.0 wt% Alumina). In the phase diagram of Aramaki and

    Roy as shown in fig (b), mullite is shown to melt congruently at 1850 OC on the

    International Temperature Scale of 1948 (ITS-48), the second eutectic between

    mullite and corundum, 1840OC, is located at 77.5 wt% Alumina. The major

    changes introduced in the latest diagram (fig. c) are:

    (i) The eutectic temperature was raised to 1595OC by Schairer in 1942; the eutectic

    composition was also shifted.

    (ii) Mullite was found to have a narrow but stable range of solid solution among other

    by Aramaki and Roy, around the stoichiometric composition of

    mullite, 3Al2O3.2SiO2, determined by Bowen and Grieg.

    Because of the excellent load bearing capacity, volume stability, high resistance to

    glass, molten metal and slags, mullite refractories find wide spread applications in

    the glass and metallurgical industries. They are also used as kiln furniture.

    Source: http://viewforyou.blogspot.in/2009/11/mullite-and-other-alumino-

    silicate.html

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